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yif r tES p f o m&u ArmeJ @ &S r f ; / wdik ;f &if;om;awGuawmh ud, k yf ikd f yif v H k p mcsKyf [ m 21 &mpk r S m jynfaxmifpx k u J jynfe,fawGukd twGi;f rGe*f v kd ;D ,m;wd@k rmS qef@usif b,favmufzm;zm; ac:roH;k wmudk
ucsi/f csi;f e,fajrawG twlwuG tk y f c sKyf a &;ud k twd k i f ; twm jyifqifz@kd vdak e+yv D m;/ wdik ;f &if;om; oabmxm;}uD;}uD;eJ@ cGJxkwfay; tH k º uG r _ a wG rzH k ; Ed k i f r zd E d k i f ay: awG@c+hJ y;D yg+y?D ud, k b hf ufu b,fvkd
vGwfvyfa&;,lzdk@eJ@ &Srf;/ ucsif/ }uD ; }uD ; rm;rm; cH p m;ae&vd k @ a&;&meJ@ ywfoufv@kd 21 &mpke@J 20 vdu k w f hJ ¶k&mS ;vlrsK;d }u;D acgi;f aqmif) aewmtm;vHk; todygyJ? 'gayrJh apwemxm; aysmah ysmif;onfjzpf
csif ; e,f a jr 3 ck u d k ud k , f y d k i f olykefrxcJhygbl;? &mpk bmawGumG ovJqw kd mvnf; abm&pf,v hJ qf ifvrf;/ aemufwck a[mifaumif txl;tkyfcsKyfa&; ap etzbufuawmh rvGJraoG
tk y f c sKyf a &; tjynf h t 0ay;zd k @ 'gayrJh yifvHkpmcsKyf-yifvHk qifjcifo;kH oyfz@kd vdyk gw,f? 1947 u (,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;EdkifiHxJu a'o Oya'uawmh a[mifaumif xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd v f mrSm jzpfygw,f?
jzpfcyhJ gw,f? tJ't D ajctaeuae pdwf"mwf[m yifvHkOya'tjzpf ckESpf yifvHkpmcsKyfyg tcsufrsm; jynf e ,f a wG cG J r xG u f a tmif om;awGukd zuf'&,fEikd if H r[kwf 'ga=umif h 'D 21 yif v H k u d k
wdk;csJŒ+yD; aemifrSm e,fajr 3 ck tcd k i f t cef @ rjzpf c J h w J h t wG u f teuf twlwuG vGwfvyfa&; &uf & uf p uf p uf ppf q if w k d u f wJh w¶kwfjynfxJrSm tar&duef/ taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm
wifru wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;udk tm%m& vlrsKd;}uD;0g'DawG[m ,la&;qdkwJh tcsufudkawmh twl cd k u f w J h qm;bD ; ,m; vl r sKd ; }uD ; qGpZf mvef/ *smr%Dw@kd u zuf'&,f rd r d b uf u vl x k u d k pnf ; ¶H k ; +yD ; /
ud k , f y d k i f t k y f c sKyf a &;/ wef ; wl wpwpeJ @ ud k , f y d k i f t k y f c sKyf a &; wuG tm%m&Sipf epf z,f&mS ;a&;eJ@ acgif ; aqmif ) rD v d k q D A pf v rf ; jynfe,fawGavmufeD;eD; tkyfcsKyf tqifhjrifhudk wufvSrf;Edkifzdk@ jyif
tcG i f h t a&; ay;zd k @ yg Ad k v f c sKyf awGudk v_dufpm;òzdzsufvmEdkifcJh 'Drdkua&pDpepf xlaxmifa&;vdk@ jzpfygw,f? tajrmftjrif}uD;wJh a&;/ Oya'jyKa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;/ xm;oifhygw,f? wenf;tm;jzihf
atmifqef;u &nf&G,fcJhwmyg? ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 1958 ckESpfrSm tck 21 &mpkrmS tpm;xd;k jyifqifz@kd abm&pf , J h v f q if v rf ; u tem pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHjcm; ukefoG,fa&;/ ajym&&if 21 &mpk y if v H k e J @ 90
'gayrJh uHraumif; ta=umif;rvS &Srf;vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;/ vdkwmuvGJ+yD; 'kwd,yifrtcsuf tusifoufom+yD; aoG;ajrrus Edik if jH cm; &if;ES;D jrK‡ yfEaHS &;/ b¾ma&;/ a&G ; aumuf y J G & v'f jy\emud k
pGmbJ yxrydkif;jzpfwJh twlwuG 1961 ckEpS rf mS ucsiv f ufeufuikd f jzpfwhJ tjynft h 0 ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyf +idrf;csrf;wJh taumif;qHk;enf;vrf; aiGa&;a=u;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ vHkòcHa&; tawG;&Si;f / tjrif&iS ;f vufawG@&iS ;f
vGwfvyfa&;,lzdk@om taumif awmf v S e f a &;/ 1964 ck E S p f r S m a&; ay;a&;uawmh bmrS jyifqif jzpf y gw,f ? yxrwck u awmh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhawG (EdkifiHjcm; zd@k vdyk gw,f? tm%mjy\em[m
txnfay:cJ+h y;D ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfa&; csif;vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&; p&m/ av#mah ygph &m/ jznfph u G pf &m “acgi;f rmrdu k ¶f ikd ;f wJh r[mvlrsK;d }u;D a&;eJ@ umuG,af &;uvGv J @kd ) tH=h o t&if;cHjzpfw,f/ xdyw f ef;OD;pm;ay;
tjynfht0 ay;a&;u ysufjy,f ay:vm¶H k r u 1961 ck E S p f r S m yJ awG r vd k b J pmcsKyf t qif h u ae 0g'D rD v d k q D A pf & J Œ vrf ; uawmh avmufatmif ay;xm;ygw,f? jzpfw,fqw kd m arhv@kd rjzpfyg?
oGm;cJhygw,f? zuf'&,frl awmif;qdw k hJ awmif}u;D trsm;qdik &f m Oya'tqifh a&muf jrefrmjynfrmS t&ifuvnf; usifh a[mifaumifrmS w¶kwu f eG jf rLepf 'Duae@umvrSm vufiif;
t"dujy\emu yifvpkH mcsKyf vlrsKd;aygif;pHkuGefz&ifh usif;y&wJh zkd@om t"du vdktyfaeygw,f? oHk;cJhzl;/ tckvnf; usihfoHk;aewJh tpd k ; &ud k vG w f v G w f v yf v yf ta&;w}u;D vdt k yfaewJh wdik ;f &if;
oabmwlncD su[ f m yifvOkH ya' tajcqdkufcJhygw,f? Oya'tqifh a&mufzdk@ qdkwmu aoG;acsmif;pD; aoausysufpD;wJh qENjyvd@k &+y;D / w¶kww f jynfv;kH udk om;a&; tusKd;ðycsuftjzpf 21
(Law) tqifu h kd a&mufrvmcJw h m 1947 ckEpS f yifvpkH mcsKyf[m vnf; tm%mjy\emu aomhcsuf vrf; jzpfygw,f? jy\emaygif; ydwq f @kd xm;wJh tifwmeufqifqm &mpkyifvx kH uf pm&if “wdik ;f &if;om;
jzpfygw,f? 1947 ckESpf tajccH jynf r / &S r f ; jynf / ucsif e J @ csif ; jzpfaeygw,f? 'ga=umifh 21 &mpk aomif;ajcmufaxmifukd zdwaf c:wJh uif;vGwef ,fajrvnf; jzpfygw,f? +id r f ; tzG J @ awG e J @ +id r f ; r[k w f w J h
Oya' a&;qG J & mrS m Ad k v f c sKyf awmifwef;a'oawG&ŒJ tm%mydik f yif v H k n D v mcH v k y f & if 20 &mpk vrf;jzpfygw,f”? ESpfaygif;&mcsD tm%m&Sipf epf qef@usiw f hJ tar&d wkid ;f &if;om;awGtay: xd;k ppfqif
atmifqef; r&Sad wmhwahJ emufyikd ;f awGt=um; oabmwlcsKyfqdkwm yifvpkH mcsKyfukd 21 &mpk yifvOkH ya' ae+yjD zpfwhJ jrefrmjynf wdik ;f &if;om; uef&ŒJ vGwv f yfaom tm&StoH aewJ”h etz wyfawG/ xd;k ppfqif
uvdru f uspf vkyo f w l csKŒd a=umifh jzpf v d k @ Oya'rjzpf a o;ayr,f h jzpfatmifvyk zf @kd u t"du vkyif ef; jy\em ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf Arm ¶H;k zGichf iG hf xyfqifv h i$ phf cef; xm;&Scd iG hf r,fh wyfawG xd;k ppf&yfpJ aemufjyef
yif v H k oabmwl p mcsKyf u ae tm%moufa&mufr_ wpHkw&m wm0ef jzpfygvrd rhf ,f? vlrsKd;}uD;xJu ,JhvfqifvdkvlrsKd; &xm;wJh e,fajr/ w¶kwjf ynfrrSm qkwfatmif awmif;qdkzdtm;ay;
tajccHOya'tjzpf a&mufrvmcJh &SdcJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh tckw}udrf 20 &mpk yif v H k n D v mcH ay:vmzd@k vdak eyg+y?D rDvq kd AD pfawG tvGet f rif; zdEydS cf &H wJh zmvHak *gi;f a&;/ ppf t pd k ; &&J Œ e,f j cm;wyf
wmyg? 'ga=umifv h nf; jrefrmjynf 2011 ckEpS rf mS vnf; tm%mouf vkyfcsdef/ yifvHkpmcsKyf csKyfcsdef[m tvdkr&Sdyg? bmoma&;*d% k ;f vGwv f w
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jynf w G i f ; ppf r D ; txd }uD ; xG m ; awG=um;rSm aqG;aEG;oabmwlnrD _ wdik ;f jynfawG vGwv f yfa&;&vmwJh ra&muf E k d i f a o;cif r S m a&S Œ ajy; A[dktpdk;& vHk;0eD;eD; pGufzufcGifh 0’ wdik ;f &if;om; acgi;f aqmifawGukd
aygufuGJcJh&ygw,f? csrw S zf @kd vdyk gw,f? tm%mr&So d al wG acwfjzpfcJhygw,f? tck 21 &mpk od@k r[kwf =um;umvtqift h jzpf r&Sw d hJ e,fajrjzpfygw,f? tar&duefeJ@ tifwmydku 0&rf;
'gayrJh tifrwef }uD;us,f aqG;aEG;oabmwl csrSwf&ifawmh yif v H k n D v mcH vk y f c sd e f u awmh tqif t ajyqH k ; ajz&S i f ; enf ; 'ga=umifhvnf; ucsifvGwf xkwx f m;wm/ +ird ;f tzG@J awGtay:
xif&Sm;wJh yifvHkpmcsKyfudk vHk;0 yif v H k p mcsKyf t qif h ra&muf b J tm%m&Sipf epfawG atmufuae jzpfEdkifwmuawmh w¶kwfjynf&JŒ ajrmuf a &;tzG J @ KIO ud k , f Y u tar&duefe@J taemufEikd if aH wGu
vufvw G pf y,f y,fzsuzf @kd rvG,f 'kw, d ajrmuf Adv k af tmifausmv f rf; wdik ;f jynfawG vGwv f yfa&;&vmwJh a[mifaumif-rumtdkyHkpH a[mif a umif ud k , f y d k i f t k y f c sKyf pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@ uef@owfxm;
wJt h wGuf vGwv f yfa&;&wJh 1948 a=unmcsuo f m jzpfomG ;ygvrd rhf ,f? acwf j zpf a eygw,f ? qd k A D , uf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&; jzpfygvrd rhf ,f? a&;rsKd;udk pdwf0ifpm; vdkvm;wJh wmawG y,fzsuaf y;a&; awmif;qdk
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e,fajrawGukd ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&; ckEpS rf mS ESpzf ufoabmwl xkwjf yef ,m;/ tDo, D ykd ;D ,m;/ tif'ekd ;D &Sm;/ trnf c H t m;jzif h w¶k w f E d k i f i H pdw0f ifpm; tm;usaewJh ud, k yf ikd f em;vnf r _ & S d a &;awG t wG u f
tjynft h 0 r[kwaf wmif tawmf cJhzl;w,f?) e,fpyfrSm vkyfcJhwJh tD & wf e J @ tck a emuf q H k ; ql ' ef vufatmuf a&mufwmuvGJvdk@ tkycf sKyfa&; jzpfygw,f? ydt k usK;d &Srd mS jzpfygw,f?
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vGwv f yfa&;,lzŒkd eŒJ &Sr;f / ucsif/ csif;e,fajr 3 ckukd ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKyfa&; tjynft h 0ay;zdŒk awGt-um; oabmwlcsKyfqw kd m jzpfvŒkd Oya'rjzpfao;ayr,fh tm%moufa&mufr+ wpHw k &m
jzpfcyhJ gw,f? tJ't D ajctaeuae wd;k csJŒ _yD; aemifrmS e,fajr 3 ckwifru wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k udk &Scd yhJ gw,f? 'ga-umifh tckw}udrf 2011 ckEpS rf mS vnf; tm%moufa&mufr+ &Szd Œkd q&kd if tm%m&So d l
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usaemfw@kd &efuek rf mS 2004 ckEpS u f 400 ausmaf vmuf avmifw,f? usaemfwdk@ rD;owfynmyg? avmifaewJh tdrfudk oJ}uD;rJ}uD; yufp&m a0;&if a0;ovd/k vrf;aumif;&if aumif;ovdk tcsed u f awmh ,l&rSmayg”h ?
tckaemufydkif;rSm 130 avmuf usoGm;w,fayghaemf? avmifr_E_ef;u ta=umif;r&Sdbl;? ab;tdrfawGudk rul;atmif t&if+id‡rf;&ygw,f? pmzwfy&dowfudka&m rD;ab;umuG,fr_eJ@ ywfouf+yD; b,fvdk
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usew f muawmh t&ifwek ;f uwnf;u oH;k aeus um;awGygy”J ? rawG@&bl;vdk@ a'ocH rsufjrifawGu ajymw,f? tJ'gawGu rD;owfawG t+r&J +dS y;D awmh rD;oH;k pG+J y;D &if rD;+ir‡d ;f owfwhJ tusiahf v; vkyx f m;&rSmayg?h
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yufvdk@&w,f? 'DoabmyJ? a&*gvH 800 qHh um;wpD;udk 3 rdepfyJ rD;owfawGtaeeJ@ rD;avmifjyifawGudk oGm;+yD; rD;+id‡rf;&wJhtcg t}u;D }u;D awGxd jzpfomG ;Edik w f t hJ wGuf rD;oH;k pG&J if owd&ydS gv@k d t}uaH y;
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od[f&moD LE0 (Zlvdkif 23-Mo*kwf 23)
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eHygwf 6 tjzpf uifr&Ge;f 'du k Zf f (Cameron Diaz) / tref'g c¶l (Amanda Crew) / 0g&ifo h ¶kyaf qmif}u;D aygvf yDqmeD (Paul Picerni) / auwD +id r f ; csrf ; a&;/ w&m;r#wa&;/ nD n G w f a &;/ wd k ; wuf a &;qD a&muf & S d E k d i f o jzif h
bdwfpf (Kathy Bates) ESihf ywfwD rufpf aumrufpf (Patty McCormack) wd@k vnf; yg0ifonf? qufav#mufyg?
Rafael