Presented By:

Aftab Akram
Lecturer (Computer Sciences)
UE Township Lahore
 The Computer is known as Electronic Brain
 A speedy electronic device that can perform
calculations at a very high rate
 It can work automatically according to
instructions
 It can accept and store data
 Computer can accept instructions to process data
and to create information
 The letter computer has some specific meanings:
 C-Calculate
 O-Operate
 M-Memorize
 P-Print
 U-Update
 T-Tabulate
 E-Edit
 R-Response
 A Computer is an electronic devices that can
accept Input (Data), Process it according to
instructions, give Output (Information) and also
Store it for future use.

Data Information
Input Process Output

Store
 SPEED
o Computer is a very high speed electronic device i.e. it can
perform tasks at very high rate
o It can do complex calculation in fractions of seconds which
human can take even years to complete
o A computer can process millions or even billions of
instructions in a second
o For example, human brain can take 40,000 instructions per
second while computer can take upto 140,000 millions or more
instructions
o Human brain transmits binary pulses (signals) ten billions
times slower than a computer
 ACCURACY
o Computers are highly accurate even then they
work at very high speed
o Human can make errors if they work quickly
o Computers are 100% accurate machines
o If computer make any error it is due to some
human error not by itself
 CONSISTANCY
o Computers are highly consistent machines
o They can work at high speeds very accurately again
and again without any error
o Human are prone to errors, if they perform a task
accurately once chances of error increase next time
o Computers on the other hand perform the same task
accurately again and again
 DATA STORAGE
o Storage capacity of computers is very high
o It can store large amount of data on a very
small place
o Whereas human brain storage capacity is very
low, it tends to lose data when new data is
stored in it
 AUTOMATION
o Computer can work automatically
o Once instructions are stored in it, it can work
according to these instructions
o No need to tell him again and again what to do next
o Note: “instructions have to be provided to computer,
it cannot generate instructions by it self”
 MEMORY-Power of Remembrance
o 100% power of remembrance
o A man can forget as the time passes
o Computer never forgets
o It would produce the data stored in it whenever
recalled
o It will never say “Sorry I forgot”
 ACTIVENESS
o Computers do not feel tiredness and
carelessness
o Human lose concentration when they work for
long hours they need rest and recreation
o Computers never demand rest or show laziness
 Multitasking
o Can perform multiple task at a time
o Human can concentrate only at one task at a time
o Computer can do multiple task with same accuracy
o However, speed can be affected due multiple tasks
 VERSATILITY
o Computer’s enormous speed, memory and
accuracy has made it most popular machine
o It can do a variety of jobs
o Most of machines have limited use they can
only be used for specific purpose
o Computer is only machine that is used in vast
conditions and circumstances
 Lack of Intelligence
o Computer has no brain
o It cannot think it self
o Computer works under the control of instructions that has been
given to it by human
o If any error occurs during its working it cannot detect and
correct it, it would simple stop running or would produce
incorrect results
o Exceptions: some modern computers have Artificial
Intelligence ability, they can think by them selves
 Lack of senses
o Computer has no senses
o It can only do predefined jobs
o It cannot jump instructions without executing them
o It has to execute instructions whether right or wrong
o It also cannot learn from its experience
o Exceptions: Robots are computers that have senses. They can
see, listen some can even smell or taste.
 Routine Office Job Handling
o Routine Classical and Steno type jobs
o Making Salaries
o Maintaining and updating stocks
o Preparing Tax Returns
o Reservation Records and Information
 Traffic Control
o Computers are used to control heavy traffic in metropolis
o Traffic Lights are controlled by computers
o Flow of traffic is monitored by Cameras
o Close Circuit Cameras and Sensors act as eyes of Computers
o Traffic is diverted from busy roads to relatively low rush roads
o London has a comprehensive traffic control system that has a
central computer and over 500,000 CCCs installed in the city
 Banking and Finance
o Most of today’s banks have computerized systems to maintain
daily transactions and customer accounts
o All the branches of banks are linked via computers
o Customers can withdraw money at any time through ATM
(Automatic Teller Machines) at any place in the country
o Most of banks are interconnected to carry out inter bank
transactions
o Electronic Money or Credit Cards can be used all around the
world due to international banking system
 Industrial Applications
o Many industries have growing trend of computerization of
manufacturing process
o Computers control manufacturing and assembling process
o Mostly dangerous manufacturing process e.g. Chemicals,
Metals etc have zero human intervention
o Most modern industrial plants use robots instead of human
worker to increase production
o Semi Automatic/ Computerized Machines are common in
industry
 Trade
o Most widely affected and benefited area by Computer
Technology
o Computer and Internet Technology is used for trade between
companies and countries
o E-commerce or E-trade is form of trading that is carried out
through internet
o Web sites are used to sell and purchase goods
o Stock Exchanges has computer based trading system
 Scientific Research
o Computer being very fast and accurate machine, can do large
number of complex calculations in a very short time
o Different fields of scientific research e.g. atomic physics,
astronomical physics, genetics etc use computers to do
complex calculations
o A large amount of data is analyzed very quickly and accurately
o Time and money saver
 Medical
o Computers have variety of applications in the field of medical
o Hospitals have comprehensive patient management system that
keep track of patient treatment history
o Computerized Diagnostic System help in diagnosing diseases like
cancer, brain tumor etc
o ECG, Ultra Sound, CT Scan machine are used to make complete
model of human body
o That model is then used by computer system to diagnose any
anomaly in human body
 Space Research
o Satellites are sent in space to study stars and galaxies
o These satellites are controlled by on-board computers and
computers on the earth
o The data sent by them is stored and analyzed by large
computer systems
o This data is then used to make computer based models of stars
and galaxies
o One such robot was sent to mars to study its atmosphere
 Publishing and Printing
o Before the invention of computers publishing and printing was a
very difficult and costly business
o Computers made the task of composing and printing very easy
and cheaper
o Now books, newspapers, magazines etc are composed and
designed using computer based publishing and graphics software
o Computerized printing machines print high quality prints with
lowest costs and almost no hassle
o The quality of printing has improved and cost has been decreased
 Communications
o Once only telephone and fax were means of communication
o Mobile phones, Satellite Phones and Internet are modern means of
communication
o Now we can send messages in any form e.g. text, pictures, voice,
video to any place in the world through internet
o The merge of computer technology with communication technology
gave birth to Information Technology
o Now any person can get information from any where in the world
while sitting in his home
o World is now called a Global Village
 One of the most significant forces influencing changes in the education
is the emergence of information technology
 Access to information and knowledge resources increases learning
ability of learners
 Working with computer raises the learner’s motivation towards
learning
 Use of computer in class room raises the interest and level of
motivation of students
 Color, music and animated graphics can add realism and appeal to
learning through drilling exercises, laboratory activities, simulations
etc.
 Computer can specially be useful for slow learners
 More information is easily available for teachers, increases command
on subject
 Students can learn even in the absence of teacher: Computer Based
Learning Software
 Software are used to record students past performance and used in
future planning
 Individualized Instructions can be designed for students
 Students progress can be monitored
 Distance Education Institutions around the world are using Internet
 Students use internet to access educational resources in distance
education mode
 Students can communicate with other students around the world to
share knowledge and experience
 Computer Based Instructions are learner centered, in contrast to
traditional system which is teacher centered
 Self Paced and Self Controlled learning
 Students can learn by their own without depending on teachers
 Computer technology is still very expensive as compared to other
technologies
 Maintenance of computer equipment is problem, most of computer
equipment become useless once damaged
 Specialized software are not available
 Designing and production of instructional software is still a big issue
 Customized Software and other support materials are not available
according to local syllabus
 Most of resources available do not fulfill our requirements; compatibility
issue
 Cost of customized software is an other issue
 Software Piracy: Illegal use of copyright protected software