Chapter 10 Study Guide

Cognition: mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, & communicating
 Cognitive Psychologists: an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
OTHER VOCAB:
Three building blocks of cognition are: Insight- a sudden & often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Concepts – schemes Mental Set- a tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been
successful in the past
Images – mental representations
Language – words, symbols to communicate

Prototype- mental image/best example of a concept

Representativeness
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES: heuristics- how
much is it like
something else?

Availability Heuristics-
how likely it is in the
decision-making process.

OBSTACLES TO PROBLEM SOLVING:

Language is our spoken, written, or signed words to communicate.

Phonemes = smallest sound units [ex: a, b, c.. ]
Morphemes = smallest sound units that convey meaning [ex: up, at, bat, ed, pre]

Grammar is the rules of language.

Semantics means: rules that derive meaning [add “-ed” to lauged means it happened in the past]
Syntax means: rules for combining words into grammatical sentences [ex: White House vs. Casa Blanca]
**SOCIAL SITUATIONS DO EFFECT OUR LANGUAGE** [ex: Genie & Victor]

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OR STAGES:

Parentese- special way we communicate with babies [high pitch voice, slow, clear, articulate, repetition]
 LINUISTIC THEORIES:

Aphasia- language deficiencies / distortion

 In either Broca’s Area or Wernike’s Aera

Body Language = evokes more communication than words / IT IS EFFECTED BY CULTURE!

Animal Communication?
SURE! Koko is an example of the fact that animals have the syntax capacity to learn a language and
communicate it to humans. Therefore animal communication is possible!