SOLENOIDS

- coil wound into a tightly packed helix

-produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it
-produce a uniform magnetic field in a volume of space
-variety of transducer devices that convert energy into linear motion
-the right hand grip rule for the field around a wire.
- the circuital electric field passing through the loop is constant under such
conditions: a constant or constantly changing current through the solenoid
-magnetic field inside the solenoid is radically uniform
-Gauss's law for magnetism :
flux density outside the solenoid is actually zero.
 METER MOVEMENT
- d’Arsonval movement (the most common type used in analog multimeters)
- Pointer is deflected in proportional to amount of current through coil
- The magnitude of the current that flows through the meter is indicated by the scale position of
a pointer which is attached to the rotated coil
- The core is restrained by springs so that the pointer will deflect or move in proportion to the
current intensity.
- more current is applied to the core, the stronger is the opposing field, the larger is the
deflection up to the limit of the current capacity of the coil.
 PERMANENT MAGNET
SPEAKERS
• A device that converts electrical signals into sounds.
• Low frequency response is excellent
• When current(audio signals) flows through the voice coil, interaction between permanent
magnet with the electromagnetic field causes cylinder to vibrate.
• The amount of current controls the amount the diaphragm moves(cone).
• Electrically controlled switch
RELAYS
• Current through coil
• Magnetises soft iron core
• Soft iron armature moves
• Contacts join
• Normally Closed [NC] Relay
- No current flowing through the coil
- Contacts are made
- Coil must be energised for switched circuit to stop working
• Normally Open [NO] Relay
- No current flowing through the coil
- Contacts are not made
- Coil must be energised for switched circuit to work