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Bearing Selection
Bearing Selection
2. Bearing Selection
Rolling element bearings are available in a variety of A comparison of the performance characteristics for each
types, configurations, and sizes. When selecting the bearing type is shown in Table 2.1. As a general
correct bearing for your application, it is important to guideline, the basic procedure for selecting the most
consider several factors, and analyse in various means. appropriate bearing is shown in the following flow chart.
●Function and construction of ●Dimensional limitations ●Design life of components to ●Shaft runout tolerances
components to house bearings (refer to page insert ⋯A-30) house bearings (refer to page insert ⋯A-35)
●Bearing load (magnitude, (refer to page insert ⋯A-19) ●Rotational speed
●Bearing mounting location direction, vibration; presence ●Dynamic/static equivalent load (refer to page insert ⋯A-70)
Confirmation items
In most cases, shaft diameter (or the bearing bore depending upon bearing type, size, tolerances, cage
diameter) has been determined according to the type, load, lubricating conditions, and cooling
machine’s other design specifications. Therefore, conditions.
bearing’s type and dimensions are determined The allowable speeds listed in the bearing tables for
according to bearing bore diameters. For this reason all grease and oil lubrication are for normal tolerance NTN
dimension tables are organized according to standard bearings. In general, deep groove ball bearings,
bore diameters. There is a wide range of standardized angular contact ball bearings, and cylindrical roller
bearing types and dimensions: the right one for a bearings are most suitable for high speed applications.
particular application can usually be found in these (4) Bearing tolerances
tables. The dimensional accuracy and operating tolerances
(2) Bearing load of bearings are regulated by ISO and JIS standards.
The characteristics, magnitude, and direction of loads For equipment requiring high tolerance shaft runout or
acting upon a bearing are extremely variable. In high speed operation, bearings with Class 5 tolerance
general, the basic load ratings shown in bearing or higher are recommended. Deep groove ball
dimension tables indicate their load capacity. However, bearings, angular contact ball bearings, and cylindrical
in determining the appropriate bearing type, roller bearings are recommended for high rotational
consideration must also be given to whether the acting tolerances.
load is a radial load only or combined radial and axial (5) Rigidity
load, etc. When ball and roller bearings within the same Elastic deformation occurs along the contact surfaces
dimension series are considered, the roller bearings of a bearing’s rolling elements and raceway surfaces
have a larger load capacity and are also capable of under loading. With certain types of equipment it is
withstanding greater vibration and shock loads. necessary to reduce this deformation as much as
A-12
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●Bearing Selection
●Material and shape of shaft ●Rotational speed ●Operating temperature ●Operating environment ●Installation-related dimensions
and housing (refer to page insert ⋯A-70) (refer to page insert ⋯A-72) (high/low temperature, (refer to page insert ⋯A-86)
(refer to page insert ⋯A-85) ●Noise level ●Rotational speed vacuum, pharmaceutical, etc.) ●Installation and disassembly
●Fit ●Vibration and shock load (refer to page insert ⋯A-70) ●Requirement for high reliability procedures
(refer to page insert ⋯A-49) ●Momentary load ●Lubrication type and method (refer to page insert ⋯A-88)
●Temperature differential ●Lubrication type and method (refer to page insert ⋯A-72)
between inner/outer rings (refer to page insert ⋯A-72) ●Sealing method
(refer to page insert ⋯A-59) (refer to page insert ⋯A-80)
●Allowable misalignment of ●Maintenance and inspection
inner/outer rings (refer to page insert ⋯A-94)
(refer to page insert ⋯A-87)
●Load (magnitude, nature)
(refer to page insert ⋯A-21)
●Amount of preload
(refer to page insert ⋯A-66)
●Rotational speed
(refer to page insert ⋯A-70)
possible. Roller bearings exhibit less elastic (8) Installation and disassembly
deformation than ball bearings. Furthermore, in some Some applications require frequent disassembly and
cases, bearings are given a load in advance reassembly to enable periodic inspections and repairs.
(preloaded) to increase their rigidity. This procedure is For such applications, bearings with separable
commonly applied to deep groove ball bearings, inner/outer rings, such as cylindrical roller bearings,
angular contact ball bearings, and tapered roller needle roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings are
bearings. most appropriate. Incorporation of adapter sleeves
(6) Misalignment of inner and outer rings simplifies the installation and disassembly of self-
Shaft flexure, variations in shaft or housing accuracy, aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings with
and fitting errors. result in a certain degree of tapered bores.
misalignment between the bearing’s inner and outer
rings. In cases where the degree of misalignment is
relatively large, self-aligning ball bearings, spherical
roller bearings, or bearing units with self-aligning
properties are the most appropriate choices. Allowable Allowable
(Refer to Fig. 2.1) misalignment misalignment
angle angle
(7) Noise and torque levels
Rolling bearings are manufactured and processed
according to high precision standards, and therefore
generally produce only slight amounts of noise and
torque. For applications requiring particularly low-noise
or low-torque operation, deep groove ball bearings and
cylindrical roller bearings are most appropriate. Self-aligning ball bearing Spherical roller bearing
Fig. 2.1
A-13
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●Bearing Selection
Characteristics
Load Carrying Capacity
Radial load
Axial load
1
High speed ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆
1
High rotating accuracy ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆ ☆☆☆
1
Low noise/vibration ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
1
Low friction torque ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆ ☆
1
High rigidity ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆
1
Vibration/shock resistance ☆ ★ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆
Allowable misalignment 1
for inner/outer rings ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆
2
Stationary in axial direction ◎ ○ ◎ ◎ For DB and DF
arrangement ◎ ○ ◎
3
Moveable in axial direction ○ ○ ○ For DB
arrangement ○ ◎ ◎ ◎
4
Separable inner/outer rings ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
5
Inner ring tapered bore ○ ○ ○
Tapered Double-row, Spherical Thrust Double row Cylindrical Spherical Bearing types
roller 4-row roller ball angular roller roller
bearings tapered bearings bearings contact thrust thrust
roller thrust ball bearings bearings
bearings bearings Reference
page
Characteristics
Radial load
Axial load
1
☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆ ☆ A-66 High speed
1
☆☆☆ ☆ ☆ ☆☆☆ A-31 High rotating accuracy 1 ☆ The number of stars indicates
1
the degree to which that bearing
☆ — Low noise/vibration type displays that particular
1 characteristic.
A-67 Low friction torque ★ Not applicable to that bearing
1 type.
☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ A-54 High rigidity 2 ◎ Indicates dual direction. ○
1
☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ★ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ A-18 Vibration/shock resistance Indicates single direction axial
movement only.
Allowable misalignment 1
☆ ☆☆☆ ★ ★ ☆☆☆ A-79 for inner/outer rings 3 ◎ indicates movement in the axial
2
direction is possible for the
○ ◎ ◎ ○ ◎ ○ ○ A-13 Stationary in axial direction raceway surface; ○ indicates
3 movement in the axial direction is
○ ○ ○ A-13 Moveable in axial direction possible for the fitting surface of
4
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ — Separable inner/outer rings the outer ring or inner ring.
4 ○ Indicates both inner ring and
5
○ A-79 Inner ring tapered bore outer ring are detachable.
5 ○ Indicates inner ring with
Including
For duplex tapered bore is possible.
arrangement needle roller — Remarks
thrust bearing
B-133 B-133 B-233 B-269 B-269 E-48 B-269 Reference page
A-14
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●Bearing Selection
Table 2.2 (1) Bearing arrangement (distinction between fixed and floating-side)
Arrangement Application
Comment
Fixed Floating (Reference)
1. Suitable when mounting error and shaft deflection are minimal or used
Medium-sized
for high rotational speed application.
electric motors,
2. Even with expansion and contraction of shaft, floating side moves ventilators, etc.
smoothly.
1. Accepts radial loads as well as dual direction axial loads. Reduction gears for
general industrial
2. Suitable when both inner and outer ring require tight fit.
machinery
A-15
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●Bearing Selection
Table 2.2 (2) Bearing arrangement (no distinction between fixed and floating-side)
Application
Arrangement Comment (Reference)
Face to face
Application
Arrangement Comment (Reference)
1. When fixing bearing is a duplex angular contact ball bearing, floating Vertically mounted
bearing should be a cylindrical roller bearing. electric motors, etc.
A-16