Hydraulic and Energy

Design of simple pipeline

• 2 aspects of design
– Hydraulic calculations
– Detailed design
• Hydraulic calculations
– Typically determine suitable diameter for
given flow and headloss (equation?)
– Consider secondary losses
– Check min and max pressures –
visualized by hydraulic gradient line on
long section
Gradient Lines
• Total pipe headloss = ΔE = Δ water levels
• Energy line:
– plot E
– Shows total energy in pipe
• Hydraulic Gradient line :
– plot z + p/g
– Shows piezometric height
– If HGL below pipe elevation – negative pressures

Design of simple pipeline Simple pipe systems : Pipes in Series

C&M Chptr 12.3

• Detail design
• Pipes in series:
– Pipe material, class, lining and jointing
system. – Cons. Mass: Q the same
• Material depend on pressures,
pressures cost,
cost ground – Cons. Energy: hfT = sum of hfi
conditions • Equivalent pipe
• Jointing: spigot & socket, flanged, sleeved
– Valves, bends, fittings and thrust blocks.
– Air and scour (washout) valves
• air valves remove air during filling &
operation

Solution of Series Pipe Problems

1. Assume turbulent flow
2. Guess λ1 and λ2
3. Choose λe and De
4. Calculate Le
5. Calculate Q (from DW) for the equivalent system
6. Calculate λ1 and λ2 using S-J
7. Repeat Steps 2 to 4 until λ’s converge
8. Check assumption of turbulent flow