Test 1

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Biology block: _________

Answer all questions.

1. Fig 1.1 shows the structure of ATP.

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Name the nitrogenous base labelled B.

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(ii) Name the sugar labelled S.

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(b) ATP is described as having a universal role as the energy currency in all living
organisms.
Explain why it is described in this way.
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(c) State precisely two places where ATP is synthesised in cells.

1 …...............................................................................................................................
2 ….......................................................................................................................... [2]
2. Fig 2.1 is an outline of the Krebs cycle. A two carbon acetyl group enters the cycle by
combining with a molecule of oxaloacetate. A molecule of citrate is formed which is
decarboxylated and dehydrogenated to regenerate the oxaloacetate.
The letters P to V are steps in the cycle.

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Explain what is meant by the following terms:

decarboxylation
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dehydrogenation …...........................................................................................
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(ii) Using the letters in the cycle, state where decarboxylation is taking place.
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(b) Fig 2.1 shows that fatty acids can be converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
by a process known as oxidation. Both this process and the Krebs cycle require
NAD. The hydrogen atoms released reduce the NAD molecules.

(i) State the number of reduced NAD molecules that are formed in the Krebs
cycle from one acetyl group that enters the cycle from acetyl CoA.
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 (ii) State where the reduced NAD molecules are re-oxidised and describe what
happens to the hydrogen atoms.
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3. Fill in the blank spaces on Table 3, which shows the balance sheet for aerobic respiration
per glucose molecule.

ATP NAD CO2 FAD O2 H2 O

Stage/pathway
used synthesised net gain reduced oxidised reduced oxidised produced used produced

Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation
TOTAL