Broj intervala K = 1 + 3.

3 logN duzina d = ( x max −x min)/K

k
1 X́ 1 ∙ N 1 + X́ 2 ∙ N 2
X́ = ∑ xi ∙ f i ; Y= aX + b → Ý = a X́ + b ; X́ =
N i=1 N1+ N2
k
1 1
k

∑ f i ∙log x i
log G =
N ∑ f i ∙ log x i ; G = 10 N i=1
i=1
k
1 1 f
=
H N ∑ xi
i=1 i

M o = x i za max f i

X N +1 za N neparno
Me = 1
{
X + X N za N parno
2 N2 (2
+1
2

)
M e = a i+
ai+1−¿ a
f i+1
¿∙
i 1
N (
−∑ f i )
1
1. e m= N ∑ | xi − X́|∙ f i

2 2 2 1 2 2
2. σ =μ2=E(x −m) =m2−m = N ∑ xi ∙ f i− X́
X = const → σ 2=0 ; Y= aX + b → σ 2 ( Y )=a2 ∙ σ 2 ( X )
3. σ =√ σ 2
σ σ
4. V = m ∙ 100 % = ∙ 100 %
X́

5. R = x max −x min
x0.75 −x 0.25
6. Q =
2
p

∑ f i ≤ 34N
x 0.75 = a p+
a p+1−a p 3 N
f p +1
∙
4 (
−∑ f i za p
i=1
p

)
s
{ i=1
p+1

∑ f i > 34N
i=1

∑ f i ≤ N4
a −a
f s+1
s
x 0.25 = a s + s +1 s ∙ N −∑ f i za s
4 i=1 ( ) { i=1
s+1

∑ f i > N4
i=1

k k ∞
1 1 2 1
OM: m 1= X́ =
N ∑ xi ∙ f i ; m2 =
N ∑x i ∙f i ; mk =
N ∑ x ki ∙ f i
i=1 i=1 i=1

1
 2 2 1
CM : μ1=0 ; μ2=E ( x−m) =m 2−m = x 2 ∙ f − X́ 2
N∑ i i
k k
μ3= 1 3
∑ ( xi − X́ ) ∙ f i ; μr = 1 ∑ ( xi − X́ )r ∙ f i
N i=1 N i=1

¿ 3 normalna
Spljostenost
μ4
β
{
β 2= 4 ; 2 ¿ 3 manja od normale
σ ¿3
μ3
Asimetrija β 1= ; β 1=0 simetricna raspodela
σ3
3( X́−M e )
Koeficijent asimetrije Ka= ; K a <0 asim .u desno
√ σ2

2
 xt xt
LI : LI t = ∙100 (%) BI: BI = ∙100(%)
t−1 xt −1 x0

SP(LI) = LI – 100(%) ; SP(BI) = BI – 100(%)

xt
PSP =
√
t −1

x1
∙ 100−100 ¿)

xt
Stopa promena za ceo period SP = { }
x1
−1 ∙ 100(%)

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(AB) P ( AB)

P(A/B) =
P(AB) = P(A∩ B ¿=P ( A ) ∙ P( B) P(B)

Varijacije sa ponavljanjem n = a b {a brb brelemenata

klasa

k
Mat ocekivanje m = E(x) = ∑ x i ∙ pi E[ c ∙ f ( x ) ] = c ∙ E [ f ( x ) ] za c=const
i

σ 2=m2−m2 ; m2=E( x2 ) = ∑ x 2i ∙ pi ; m3=E (x3 ) = ∑ x 3i ∙ pi

BR → X : B(n;p)
m = E(x) = p ∙ n ; σ 2=E( x−m)2= p ∙q ∙ n

Pn ( k )=P ( x=k )= n p k ∙ ( 1− p )
n−k

k ()
n∙ p < 10 PR
λk
1. P ( x=k ) =e−λ ∙
k!
m
λk −λ
2. P ( x ≤ m )=∑ e ∙
k k!
3. P ( x> m ) =1−P ( x< m)
m
λk
¿ 1−∑ e−λ ∙
k k!
n∙ p ≥ 10 NR
1 k −np
1. P ( x=k ) = ϕ(x ) x=
√n ∙ p ∙ q √ npq
2. P ( a ≤ x ≤b )=P ¿)

3
PR → X : P(λ)

x́=m= λ ; m 2=λ 2+ λ ; σ 2=¿ m 2−m2=¿ λ

λk − λ 1
P ( k )=P ( x=k )= ∙e Koef. asimetrije β 1=
k! λ
1
koef. spljostenosti β 2=3+
λ

NR X : N(m,σ 2 SR → X : Sn
x−m 2 n
X ¿= ; m = E(x) = 0 ; σ =
σ n−2
P {−z< Z ¿ < z } za n > 20 N(0;1)

Hi – kvadrat → X : χ n (x)
2
F → X : F n1 , n 2
E(x) = n ; σ 2=¿ E( x −m)2 = 2n n 2 2 n22 ∙ ( n1 +n 2−2 )
E ( x )= 2 ; σ =
Za n >30 N(n;2n) n2−2 n1 ∙(n 2−2)2 ∙ ( n2−4 )

σ xy E ( XY )−E ( X ) E(Y ) E ( XY )−E ( X ) E( Y )

ρ= = = 2 2 2 2
σxσz σ ( X )∙ σ (Y ) √ E ( x )−(E( x )) ∙ √ E ( y ) −(E( y))
p ij
Uslovna raspodela verovat. za y = c → pi / j =
pj
1
∙ ∑ x i y i− x́ ý 1
r=
S xy n ; S2n= ∑ x 2i f i−x́ 2
= n
Sx ∙ Sz Sx ∙ S y

2 σ2
Sredina uzorka X́ : N ¿) ; E ( x́ )=m ; σ ( x́ )=
n

NR – poznato σ 2

x́−m
Z¿ = x́−E( x́ ) ε
σ
√n
¿
; Z=
σ ( x́ )
; P {|x́−m|≤ ε } =2 ϕ ∙ √ n −1
σ ( )

SR – nepoznato σ 2 n−1 2
E ( S2 ) = ∙σ
n
x́−m
t ¿=
S n ; t n−1
√ n−1

4
2 uzorka: −ε ε
t=

tn
X́ 1− X́ 2−( m1−m 2 )
√ n S +n
1
2
1 2 S22 √ n1 n2
∙(n + n −2) :
n1 +n2 1 2
P
{ Sn
√ n−1
<t ¿ <
Sn
√ n−1 }
1+n2 −2

Hi – poznato σ 2, trazi se S F - nepoznato σ 1 i σ 2

2 2

2 n ∙ S2 n 2 ( n 1−1 ) ∙ S22
X n−1 = 2 ; n-1 st. slobode F (n −1) (n −1) = ; F n −1 , n −1
σ 1 2
n 1 ( n 2−1 ) ∙ S21
1 2

n ∙ S2
{
P X n−1>
2

σ2 }
Za m=? poznata σ 2

x́−m
Z¿ = σ σ σ
σ
√n
[
; x́−z 0 ∙
√n
; x́+ z 0 ∙
√n ] i 2 z0
√n

Za m=? nepoznato σ 2
x́−m
t n−1= S S S
S n ; t n−1
√ n−1
; [ x́−t 0 ∙
√ n−1
; x́+ t 0 ∙
√ n−1 ] i 2 t0
√ n−1
2 populacije
X́ 1− X́ 2−( m 1−m 2 ) n1 n 2
t n +n −1=
1 2
√ n S +n
1
2
1 2 S 2
2
√ ∙(n + n −2) ; t n +n −2
n1 +n2 1 2 1 2

Za nepoznatu varijansu/disperziju populacije –

gornja granica
Dvostrani interval
Hi-kvadrat
P { x 2(2) ¿ X 2n−1 < x(1)
2
2 n ∙ S2 }=β
X n−1 = 2
σ n ∙ S2 n ∙ S 2 n ∙ S2
P { X 2n−1 > x 0 }=β
za X
2
n−1 = 2
σ
;
[ 2
; 2
x(2) x (1) ]
n ∙ S2
[ 0;
x 20 ]
Za nepoznatu verovatnocu
W −np
W ¿= : N(0 ;1)
√ np(1−P)
( n2+ z20 n ) ∙ p2−( 2Wn+ z20 n ) ∙ p+W 2=0
5
[ p1 ; p2 ]

Za razliku X́ −Ý
^Z= X́ −Ý =m1−m2

^ Z^ −E( ^Z)
Z¿ =
^ ; P −z 0 ≤ Z^¿ ≤ z 0 =β
{ }
σ ( Z)

[ ( X́− Ý )−z 0
√ σ 21 σ 22
√ ]
+ ; ( X́ −Ý ) + z 0
n1 n2
σ 21 σ 22
+
n1 n2

Za koeficijent korelacije

1 1+ r
Z= ln
2 1−r
:N ( 12 ln 1−ρ
1+ ρ
;
1
n−z )
2 1+r 1+ ρ 2
{
P − z0
√ n−3
≤ ln
1−r
−ln
1−ρ
≤ z0
√ n−3
=β }
[ ρ1 ; ρ2 ]

6
NR, poznata σ
x́ −m
τ=
σ :N(0,1)
√n
π ( k )=1−β
X́ 1− X́ 2 n 1 n2
2
2 populacije, 2 uzorka σ 1 =σ 2
2
τ=
σ
∙
√
n1+ n2

SR, nepoznata σ
x́−m0
τ=
Sn ; t n−1
√ n−1
X́ 1− X́ 2−( m 1−m2 ) n1 n2
2 populacije, 2 uzorka τ= 2
√ n S +n S
1 1 2
2
2
√ ∙(n +n −2) : t n +n −2
n1+ n2 1 2 1 2

Testiranje za poznato σ 2 za popznatu verovatnocu (p)

n∙ S2 ^p − p0
τ= ; X 2n−1 τ=
σ2 √ p0 (1− p0 ) ; N(0;1)
√n

1 uzorak/ 1 populacija, 2 obelezja X i Y, testiranje nezavisnosti

r
τ= ∙ √ n−2 ; t n−2
√1−r 2

Test saglasnosti (X² test) nn

τ =∑
r
mi −N pi 2
: X r−l−1
Tabela kontigencije r
τ =n ∑ ∑
(sn−
n )
ij ²
i j

i N pi i=1 j=1 ni n j
2
:x
P {τ > x 20 }=α ( r −1 ) (s−1)

Test koraka

K −E( X)
τ=
√ var ( K )
: N(0,1) ; K: X= {10 ,∧x< Me
,∧x ≥ Me
n+2 n(n−2)
E ( K )= var ( K )=
2 4(n−1)

7
 2 n1 n2 2 n1 n2 ∙(2 n1 n 2−n1−n2)
E ( K )= +1 var ( K )=
n1 +n 2 ( n1 +n 2 ) ² ( n1 +n2−1 )

8
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
Dn=max|F ( z )−Fe( z )|
br elemenata uzoraka cija je vrednost < z
Fe=
n
z−m
z¿= :N(0,1) → F(z)
σ

W test
n1 n2
W−
2 :N(0,1)
τ= ∙ √ 12
√n 1 n2 ∙(n1 +n2 +1)
W – broj inverzija uzorka A u odnosu na uzorak B

Y = αX + β + ε → Y^ = α^ X + β^
1 1
∑ x i y i− x́ ý x y − x́ ý
n n∑ i i
α^ = = ; ^β= ý −α^ x́
S 2x 1 2 2
x − x́
n∑ i
1 1
σ^ 2= ( ∑ y 2i −^α ∙ ∑ xi y i− β^ ∙ ∑ y i ) = ∑ ( y i−( α^ x i+ ^β ) ) ²
n n
2 1 2 2
S x = ∑ x i f i−x́
n
α^ −α 0 ^β−β 0
t n−2= ∙ √ ( n−2 ) ∙ S x ; t n−2= 2
2
2 2
∙ √ ( n−2 ) ∙ S2x
σ^ σ^ ∙ √ S x + x́

sy r
r =α^ ; τ= ∙ √ n−2 ; t n−2
sx √1−r 2