Answer all the questions.

Q. 1 Fig 2 shows the one line diagram of a simple four -bus system.
Table gives the line impedance identified by the buses on which
these terminate. The shunt admittance at all the buses is assumed
negligible.

(i) Find Ybus assuming that the line shown dotted is not connected.

(ii) What modification need to be carried out in Y bus if the line

shown dotted in connected.

Q. 2 Explain newton –Raphson method for load flow studies with an

algorithm.

Q. 3 Compare the methods of load flow studies.

Q. 4 Derive load flow equation. Write it in the complex form and

real form.

Q. 5 Explain Gauss-seidel method for load flow studies with an

algorithm.