௰ᙨ‫ו‬

հ‫וޱ‬ɯ‫؃‬ထ❼
հ‫וޱ‬ɯጾ‫ݍ‬٤
಑ 1 ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux
1.1 ເά઀৑ɏDebian..............................................................................1-2
1.2 ‫ۻ‬ұ௢ࡃǢUbuntu..............................................................................1-4
1.2.1 Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ഺۖ .............................................................................1-4
1.2.2 Ubuntu ಢӇ৲‫ޟ‬঱Ᏸ ...................................................................1-7
1.2.3 ӨᆍϚӣ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ϷЛ ...............................................................1-9
1.2.4 Ubuntu Лධ‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ฽ᡝ࢜ᄺ ......................................................1-11
1.2.5 Ubuntu ᡝຮ‫ڍޟ‬ᆍԊ၆ПԒ ......................................................1-12
1.3 GNU/Linux Ꮠಌ၅ཻ ........................................................................1-13
1.3.1 ၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ЖᄘᇄП‫ ݲ‬...............................................................1-13
1.3.2 ᆩમ ...........................................................................................1-15
1.3.3 IRC ։ਢಮЈࡉ ..........................................................................1-17
1.3.4 ԃդඪൢᒿᇲ .............................................................................1-18
1.3.5 ᖒ๜๋‫ ޱ‬....................................................................................1-19

಑ 2 ണ!Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2.1 ฝᠽሏ‫ ױ‬............................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 кᐠ฽ᡝ ......................................................................................2-2
ii Ҭᓃ

2.1.2 Лධ OpenGL ёഀ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ .........................................................2-4

2.1.3 ҬࠉনҡЛධ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњ ..........................................................2-5
2.2 ‫څ‬஡Үᅥ ............................................................................................ 2-9
2.3 ӪဦߩೃႲ‫ء‬౻‫ݿ‬႑ഐ‫ރ‬᛫ ............................................................... 2-11
2.3.1 GNU/Linux Ҭᓃ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺ ...............................................................2-12
2.3.2 ฽ᡝ೩ര‫ޟ‬фဴ..........................................................................2-14
2.3.3 ϷസୢᙏϭȞPartitionȟ .............................................................2-15
2.3.4 ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਿԒᙏϭ ......................................................................2-18
2.3.5 ໠ۖೣგձ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ ......................................................................2-20

಑ 3 ണ!໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu
3.1 ҂Үᅥເ᐀ ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 ӛेເ᐀‫ݿ‬Ӫဦ‫׌‬ѝ ........................................................................... 3-1
3.3 ເ‫ڶ‬Ӫဦ ............................................................................................ 3-2
3.3.1 Live CD ዁ԒԊ၆ Ubuntu.............................................................3-3
3.3.2 Мԅ዁ԒԊ၆ Ubuntu.................................................................3-13

಑ 4 ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

4.1 ุყ၏ৗᆤࣚყ၏ৗ ........................................................................... 4-2
4.2 ᇩᅲด΃ ............................................................................................ 4-4
4.3 ด΃ᆤดЮ ........................................................................................ 4-5
4.4 ᇏ᛫ด΃ࡃ‫ݿ‬ᔷ჊ .............................................................................. 4-5
4.5 Linux ‫ݿ‬୥ѯή‫ ٮ‬............................................................................... 4-7
4.5.1 ᔬਰᇄҬᓃᆓ౩............................................................................4-8
4.5.2 ҈ѓᇄᔆᕻ.................................................................................4-20
4.5.3 ‫׽؁‬ᔬਰ᠌३ .............................................................................4-27
4.5.4 ൶‫ײ‬ᔬਰᇄϱৠ..........................................................................4-35
4.6 ࿒҂ӥϏᆤѳೃ޲ҐӲ ..................................................................... 4-44
 CONTENTS iii

4.6.1 ࿲Ңԅϯ ....................................................................................4-44

4.6.2 ғೣߒҰԒ .................................................................................4-46
4.7 vi ጁᒎᏂ ..........................................................................................4-47
4.7.1 vi ዁Ԓϭಝ .................................................................................4-48
4.8 ஔနᅳ౉ ..........................................................................................4-51
4.8.1 धශ‫ޣ‬ᜋ ....................................................................................4-51
4.8.2 அҏࡾхᐇհ .............................................................................4-52
4.9 Էมᅳ౉ ..........................................................................................4-55
4.9.1 ࠉශᇄधශώհ ..........................................................................4-55
4.9.2 அҏࡾхᐇհ .............................................................................4-57

಑ 5 ണ!ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ
5.1 DPKG নҧᅳ౉มӲ ...........................................................................5-2
5.1.1 deb ৈӇᔬਿԒ၌ᇳ .....................................................................5-3
5.1.2 DPKG ࢥၚৈӇ ............................................................................5-4
5.1.3 DPKG Ԋ၆ৈӇ ............................................................................5-9
5.1.4 DPKG ಋଶৈӇ ..........................................................................5-13
5.1.5 DPKG ᇄ RPM ӓᇆ ....................................................................5-14
5.1.6 ‫ڏ‬тலҢ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ ..........................................................................5-15
5.2 ॳ‫ ם‬/etc/apt/sources.list ೉‫ہ‬ᔌٞቈбན‫ݿ‬নҧཻ ............................5-16
5.3 APTǾAdvanced Package Toolǿ .....................................................5-19
5.3.1 apt-cache ࢥၚџҢৈӇ .............................................................5-19
5.3.2 apt-get ৈӇЀ઻ȂԊ၆‫ڷ‬ಋଶ ...................................................5-25
5.3.3 apt-file оᔬਰ‫ײ‬ৈӇ ..................................................................5-29
5.3.4 apt-key ߜᢒᆓ౩ ........................................................................5-32
5.3.5 ‫ف‬ಛЀ઻ᇄ‫؁‬ଢ଼ ..........................................................................5-39
5.4 ๼ลኡӲ‫ݿ‬নҧᅳ౉มӲ Synaptic ....................................................5-42
5.5 ணঈ‫ڶ‬ዦ࠺ғনҧ.............................................................................5-45
5.5.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-get ‫پ‬௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ ...............................................5-46
iv Ҭᓃ

5.5.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-build ‫࡚پ‬ҳശ‫ٹ‬ϽৈӇ ...............................................5-49

5.5.3 ‫ٺ‬Ң auto-apt ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼ᅖٗ tarball ࣺ‫ ܒٷ‬.....................................5-51
5.5.4 ‫ٺ‬Ң checkinstall ‫پ‬௃ tarball ࡚ҳৈӇ .......................................5-52

಑ 6 ണ!‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ
6.1 ᆉ၏೉‫ ہ‬............................................................................................ 6-1
6.1.1 ᆩၯ྅፣ ......................................................................................6-2
6.1.2 ‫ٺ‬Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬೩ۡԤጣᆩၯ ....................................................6-12
6.1.3 ‫ٺ‬Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬೩ۡฒጣᆩၯ ....................................................6-15
6.1.4 ‫ٺ‬ҢࡾхӖ዁Ԓ೩ۡ ADSL PPPoE ኦ௥......................................6-18
6.1.5 லҢ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯࣺᜰࡾх ..................................................................6-22
6.1.6 ࢥၚкᐠҬࠉ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ ..................................................................6-25
6.1.7 ‫ٺ‬Ң༈ಛ೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೩ۡԤጣᆩၯ ..........................................6-30
6.1.8 ‫ٺ‬Ң༈ಛ೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೩ۡฒጣᆩၯ ..........................................6-35
6.1.9 ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻᆩၯњ MTU ᇄᜰ௬ IPv6 ..................................................6-37
6.2 Ӫဦ౲ӋՑѡю‫ݿ‬ਏ϶ᆤᠷҐкɏOpenGL ៎ଽ೉‫ہ‬.......................... 6-39
6.2.1 ᒵᐅᎌӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ ...............................................................6-40
6.2.2 Nvidia ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆ ........................................................6-41
6.2.3 AMDȞATIȟᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆ ...............................................6-44
6.3 ҿ޲᐀‫ݿ‬೉‫ ہ‬................................................................................... 6-44
6.4 ፁᏬ಄ᅲ᐀Ǿterminalǿ ................................................................... 6-46
6.4.1 ೩ۡӵຜๅ‫ۻ‬ή‫ ޟ‬GNOME ತᆒᐠ .............................................6-46
6.4.2 ೩ۡ shell ᚟Փ ...........................................................................6-48
6.4.3 ೩ۡ shell ‫ۻ‬ήலҢࡾхᕻቸ ......................................................6-49
6.4.4 ೩ۡ framebuffer ၌‫ۻڷ࡙ݙ‬ή‫ޟ‬ϛМತᆒᐠ ..............................6-50
6.5 ፁᏬฝᅥᆤҮᅥ৽શ hdparm ............................................................ 6-52
 CONTENTS v

಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც
7.1 X Server ཥब ....................................................................................7-1
7.2 ӈᅭκӃԄፘ‫ ݿ‬X Window Manager ...................................................7-2
7.2.1 ԃդӵ GDM ϸ඲Ϛӣ X Window Manager .................................7-18
7.2.2 Ԋ၆ KDE ...................................................................................7-20
7.2.3 Ԋ၆ XFCE..................................................................................7-21
7.2.4 Ԋ၆ Enlightenment ....................................................................7-22
7.3 ᇏ᛫ GNOME ୥ѯᏧՐ .....................................................................7-23
7.3.1 ও‫ิ׽‬Σห७ȞGDMȟ ..............................................................7-28
7.3.2 ও‫ิ׽‬Σႆแห७ȞSplash Screenȟ ........................................7-33
7.3.3 ও‫׽‬շශкᚠ .............................................................................7-36
7.3.4 ও‫ف׽‬ಛყҰ .............................................................................7-42
7.3.5 ও‫׽‬ਹ७धශ .............................................................................7-44
7.3.6 Ԋ၆ਹ७ωแԒȞgDeskletsȟ ...................................................7-46
7.4 λϼᒏ΃‫ݒ‬Ӫဦ೉‫ ہ‬.........................................................................7-48
7.4.1 ϧቄ࢐ im-switch ........................................................................7-48
7.4.2 scim ࿲୽ᇭِᒯΣแԒ ..............................................................7-49
7.4.3 gcin ϛМᒯΣแԒ ......................................................................7-51
7.4.4 gcin Ϟ⭼ፈԽᒯΣ‫ ݲ‬..................................................................7-52

಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ
8.1 ᆉ॒ᘒ឴Ꮒ FireFox ............................................................................8-2
8.1.1 Flash Player Ԋ၆ .........................................................................8-3
8.1.2 JAVA Runtime Environment Ԋ၆ ..................................................8-4
8.1.3 Adobe Reader PDF Ꭷ᠞แԒѴ௮ ................................................8-5
8.1.4 Mplayer ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢѴ௮ ...........................................................8-7
8.1.5 Totem Gstreamer ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢѴ௮ ............................................8-8
8.1.6 Totem xine ӻ൬ᡝኬܹѴ௮ ..........................................................8-9
vi Ҭᓃ

8.1.7 Ι‫ٲ‬ԁҢ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௮..........................................................................8-10
8.2 E-Mail ӽߌ೚ᠽ ............................................................................... 8-17
8.2.1 ThunderbirdȞѓ֤ RSS feedȟ ..................................................8-18
8.3 թਂೝ૩೚ᠽ ................................................................................... 8-22
8.3.1 Gaim Лධശӻ೽ଉ‫ޟۡڞ‬։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ ....................................8-23
8.3.2 skype ҬࠉᆩၯႫၗ‫ޟ‬ሴӑ‫ ޱ‬.....................................................8-28
8.3.3 Ekiga Лධ SID ‫ޟۡڞ‬ᆩၯຜଉႫၗ ...........................................8-33
8.4 ᆉ၏ಎϨมӲ ................................................................................... 8-43
8.4.1 PCManXɯՌҥ‫ ޟ‬BBS ೿ጣ೺ᡝ ................................................8-43
8.4.2 Xchatɯџ೿ΰଽЙಀӻ‫ ޟ‬IRC ಮЈࡉ ........................................8-45
8.5 ᔌਐ໨ᒏ೚ᠽ ................................................................................... 8-49
8.5.1 Linux ΰՂถ‫ ޟ‬FTP ೺ᡝɯgFTP.................................................8-49
8.5.2 FTP ‫ޟ‬ѪѴΙএԁᒵᐅɯFilezilla ................................................8-50
8.5.3 Linux ΰ‫ ޟ‬FlashGetɯDownloader for X.....................................8-54
8.6 P2P ᔌਐϗٔ .................................................................................. 8-56
8.6.1 ԁҢ‫ ޟ‬BT ήၷแԒɯAzureus....................................................8-56
8.6.2 Linux ή‫ޟ‬ᚩᢝȞeMuleȟแԒɯaMule.......................................8-61

಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬
9.1 ͹ْᙾє‫ݿ‬ӛൌᠽϻඐӪဦ ................................................................. 9-1
9.1.1 ક၌࿲ඌ‫ ޟ‬DVD ኇаୢጆ ............................................................9-1
9.1.2 Ԋ၆ Win32 Codecs ኇа၌ጆᏢ ...................................................9-3
9.2 MplayerɏLinux λϻඐഖӛਟӲ‫ݿ‬೚ᠽኌ‫ܙ‬Ꮒ ..................................... 9-4
9.2.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң Mplayer ኬܹԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬avi ኇа .........................................9-4
9.2.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң Mplayer ኬܹ DVD VCD ........................................................9-7
9.3 XINEɏύ्᜘Ս PowerDVD ‫ݿ‬ӛൌᠽኌ‫ܙ‬Ꮒ ...................................... 9-9
9.3.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ኬܹԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬avi ኇа ............................................9-10
9.3.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ኬܹ DVD ‫ ڷ‬VCD.......................................................9-11
9.3.3 GxineɯGnome ϭ७‫ ޟ‬xine ኬܹᏢ.............................................9-12
 CONTENTS vii

9.4 VLCɏ၎ѡю‫ݿ‬ӛൌᠽኌ‫ܙ‬Ꮒ ............................................................9-14

9.4.1 Ռଢ଼୎กԅᄍᔬ ..........................................................................9-14
9.4.2 ೩ۡՌ࠮ᔬ‫ڷ‬ԅᡝσω ...............................................................9-14
9.4.3 ᒵᐅԅᄍਿԒ .............................................................................9-15
9.4.4 ᒵᐅԅᄍጡጆ .............................................................................9-15
9.5 Totemɏ႑೉‫ݿ‬ӛൌᠽኌ‫ܙ‬Ꮒ ............................................................9-16
9.5.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң Gstreamer ࿋ኬܹЕᔝ ........................................................9-16
9.5.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ࿋ኬܹЕᔝ ................................................................9-19
9.6 RealPlayer.......................................................................................9-20
9.7 beep-media-player ཻԬ‫ ܛ‬xmms ‫ ݿ‬mp3 ኌ‫ܙ‬Ꮒ ...............................9-23
9.8 Rhythmbox ӽᒣ CD ு‫ ٹ‬ipod ..........................................................9-25
9.9 amaroK ...........................................................................................9-28
9.10 ቤኌӽ៹೚ᠽɏDirectory BrowserǾstreamtunerǿ .........................9-30
9.11 ҂ Linux ࣜንԽႋ๼ ........................................................................9-32

಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ
10.1 ჇАᘒ឴ᆤጁᒎมӲ .......................................................................10-1
10.1.1 Linux ϛ‫ ޟ‬photoshopɯGimp...................................................10-1
10.1.2 ሆ߯‫פ‬ഀ‫ޟ‬ყ‫ל‬ᘲ។แԒɯGQview ........................................10-10
10.1.3 ᙏܾ‫ޟ‬ኇ჋ᔮຜᏢɯGwenview ...............................................10-13
10.1.4 ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ყаᆓ౩แԒɯgThumb ..............................................10-15
10.1.5 Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ყаᆓ౩แԒɯEye of GNOME....................................10-18
10.2 StarDictǾࡱሌ᝭Дǿɏӡ҂‫ݿ‬ᘺ᝭೚ᠽ ........................................10-19
10.2.1 Ԋ၆Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬ ..................................................................10-19
10.2.2 Ԋ၆Ρᖐีॱᔬ ......................................................................10-21
10.3 ᐖᒣ೚ᠽ ......................................................................................10-22
10.3.1 K3bɯKDE ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃ೺ᡝ ....................................................10-22
10.3.2 GnomeBakerɯGnome ‫ۻ‬ήཱི‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃ೺ᡝ ..............................10-24
10.4 ϼਊಮ౉೚ᠽ ................................................................................10-25
viii Ҭᓃ

10.4.1 МӇᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Writer ................................... 10-25

10.4.2 ၐᆗߒᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Calc .................................. 10-26
10.4.3 ᙏൢᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Impress ................................ 10-27
10.4.4 ࢺแყᇄყ‫ל‬ᛲᇧɯOpenOffice.org Draw ............................. 10-29
10.4.5 ПแԒጡᒮɯOpenOffice.org Math ........................................ 10-30
10.5 PDF ᘒ឴มӲ .............................................................................. 10-32
10.5.1 Adobe Reader 7..................................................................... 10-32
10.5.2 Evinceɯϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬PDF ᘲ។แԒ ............................................... 10-33
10.5.3 Kpdf....................................................................................... 10-34
10.5.4 Xpdf ....................................................................................... 10-35
10.6 ᆉ॒ᇇՐ೚ᠽɏNvu...................................................................... 10-35
10.7 PCMan File Manager................................................................... 10-36
10.8 Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment ........................................ 10-38

಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

11.1 wine ཥᡮ ....................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 ဦΐ IE .......................................................................................... 11-2
11.2.1 IEs 4 Linux ...............................................................................11-2
11.2.2 ήၷ IEs 4 Linux .......................................................................11-3
11.3 ҂ Wine ٞဦΐՑ‫៓ݿ‬ᚺЖࣈ .......................................................... 11-6
11.3.1 ጡឍձட឴‫ ޟ‬Wine...................................................................11-7
11.3.2 ࡚ҳ .wine ၥਟֶ .....................................................................11-8
11.3.3 ήၷԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ ޟ‬dll ᔬ .............................................11-9
11.3.4 ໠ۖԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ .................................................................. 11-11
11.3.5 ៳ᛚжࣨԊ၆แԒ .................................................................. 11-12
11.3.6 ೩ۡо OpenGL ໠ంၽᔛ ....................................................... 11-15
11.3.7 ॱਝ೩ۡ ................................................................................ 11-15
11.3.8 3D ёഀ .................................................................................. 11-15
11.3.9 ంଢ଼៳ᛚжࣨ ......................................................................... 11-16
 CONTENTS ix

11.4 ҂ Wine Ӫဦ Steam .....................................................................11-21

11.4.1 Steam кแԒήၷ ..................................................................11-21

಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ
12.1 PPracerǢ3D Ҭᚖ྄ഁ ...................................................................12-2
12.2 TuxkartǢ3D ‫ݿ‬ΩҬᚖᖩ‫ ع‬.............................................................12-3
12.3 SupertuxǢບછᅔోǩບછҬᚖǪ ...................................................12-3
12.4 ArmagetronǢ᜘Ս೓ॕರ‫ ݿ‬3D ጃΐၝᓻ.........................................12-4
12.5 bzflagǢ3D ጃΐᏝ‫ع‬ၝᓻ ................................................................12-5
12.6 TremulousǢ3D Online FPS...........................................................12-6
12.6.1 Tremulous ᙏϭ ........................................................................12-6
12.6.2 Ԋ၆ Tremulous ........................................................................12-7
12.7 Enemy TerritoryǢᆉ၏ FPS ၝᓻ ..................................................12-10

಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

13.1 ເ᐀࢚ม ........................................................................................13-1
13.2 fstab ເ᐀ᅤᅥ௎ၗᆤ UUID ནࡼᄚ ..................................................13-2
13.2.1 ࣏դЕΣ UUID ᇄཱི‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩ПԒ ................................................13-3
13.2.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң NTFS-3G ᠞ቸ NTFS Ϸസୢ .............................................13-4
13.3 Runlevel ঈ౉‫ڗ‬೉‫ ہ‬......................................................................13-6
13.3.1 init.d ϱ‫ޟ‬Өᆍթ݈Ꮲ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬ .....................................................13-8
13.3.2 inittab Ⴑ೩ runlevel ቹ઻ ..........................................................13-9
13.3.3 ᆓ౩࢚݈୛࢐֏໠ᐠࡣంҢ ....................................................13-12

಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ
14.1 LAMP ᆉ॒Չ‫ܨ‬ᏂၜՐঈ౉ .............................................................14-2
14.2 LAMP Ӫဦࡼ೉ ..............................................................................14-3
14.2.1 Apache2 Ԋ၆ ...........................................................................14-4
x Ҭᓃ

14.2.2 PHP Ԋ၆ ..................................................................................14-5

14.2.3 MySQL Ԋ၆ .............................................................................14-7
14.3 Apache2 ೉‫ ہ‬................................................................................ 14-8
14.3.1 ‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ ..................................................................................14-8
14.3.2 apche2.conf ೩ۡ ................................................................... 14-14
14.3.3 ᆩમ೩ۡᔬ ............................................................................. 14-15
14.3.4 ቨёຎᔣкᐠ ......................................................................... 14-17
14.3.5 ‫ٺ‬Ң mod_deflate ‫پ‬ᔆᕻᆩॲ‫ٮ‬࿽ࣸᓜቶ ............................... 14-18
14.3.6 ంҢএΡᆩॲ ......................................................................... 14-22
14.4 PHP ೉‫ ہ‬..................................................................................... 14-23
14.4.1 ೩ۡᔬ೩ۡ ............................................................................. 14-23
14.4.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң eAccerator ‫پ‬ёഀ PHP แԒ ........................................... 14-24
14.5 MySQL ೉‫ ہ‬................................................................................ 14-28
14.5.1 ‫ן‬Ο‫ܖ‬ও‫ ׽‬MySQL ஝ጆ ......................................................... 14-28
14.5.2 ၥਟ৲രӋ ............................................................................. 14-30
14.5.3 ໠ం port 3306 ᡱߨҏӴᆒкᐠ೿ጣ ....................................... 14-32

಑ 15 ണ DHCP թ݈Ꮲ
15.1 DHCP ‫ݿ‬ၜՐ౉ፃ .......................................................................... 15-2
15.2 DHCP ტሌӪဦ ............................................................................. 15-3
15.2.1 ีܹਗ਼ଢ଼Ԓ IP...........................................................................15-4
15.2.1 ีܹ‫ۡھ‬Ԓ IP...........................................................................15-6

಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

16.1 ҂Ⴧࠎύ्ٞဦΐ Samba server .................................................... 16-2
16.2 ೉‫ہ‬ٚ҂‫ޑ‬ஔန୽ዦ ....................................................................... 16-6
16.3 ҂ Ubuntu ຬ΃ Windows ᆉ‫ޟ‬፱ ..................................................... 16-8
16.4 SAMBA ‫ࣚݿ‬ᜐ೉‫ ہ‬........................................................................ 16-9
 CONTENTS xi

16.5 Samba Server ‫ݿ‬௢ଽᆤᜐ೶ .........................................................16-11

಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ
17.1 NFS ၜՐ౉ፃ.................................................................................17-2
17.2 NFS Server К᐀ೃႲ .....................................................................17-4
17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڗ‬Client มӲӪဦ .......................................................17-6
17.3.1 NFSv3 Server ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȞкࢺᛧۡ‫ގ‬ȟ .......................................17-7
17.3.2 NFSv4 Server ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȞᄂᡛ‫ܒ‬፴ȟ .........................................17-11
17.3.3 ஠೩ۡቸ‫ ڗ‬fstab ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼௮ၷ֑Ȋ ...........................................17-14

಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ
18.1 ୥ᘣ FTP ཥۨ ................................................................................18-1
18.2 КଽǾActiveǿ೟ጃ‫ڗ‬ಽଽǾPassiveǿ೟ጃ ....................................18-3
18.3 FTP Չ‫ܨ‬Ꮒ ....................................................................................18-4
18.3.1 Ԋ၆ȃิΣ FTP թ݈Ꮲ .............................................................18-5
18.4 ProFTPD Кब೉‫ ہ‬.......................................................................18-11
18.5 UTF8 ‫ ڗ‬Big5 ...............................................................................18-13

಑ 19 ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ iptables ྅ᢎ
19.1 Linux ‫ى‬Ќᔳвશ ............................................................................19-1
19.2 ׄೠ࠺ғ‫ى‬ЌᔳɏFirestarter ...........................................................19-3

಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop
20.1 Beryl ࡰχሤǩ ...............................................................................20-1
20.2 Ӫဦ Beryl ......................................................................................20-2
20.2.1 ቨё಑έПৈӇ৲‫ ྛپ‬.............................................................20-2
20.2.2 Ԋ၆ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒ .................................................................20-3
20.2.3 Ԋ၆ Beryl.................................................................................20-4
xii Ҭᓃ

20.2.4 ও‫ ׽‬xorg.conf..........................................................................20-4
20.2.5 ంଢ଼ Beryl X Window Manager .................................................20-6
20.2.6 ஠ Beryl ё‫ڗ‬հཾ໦ࢲ ............................................................ 20-13

಑ 21 ണ Edgy ཱིቨё‫ޟ‬แԒ
21.1 Tomboy ӡ҂‫ݿ‬ห૤ѯή‫ ٮ‬............................................................. 21-1
21.2 F-Spot Photo Manager ࣚᛉᅳ౉มӲ ............................................. 21-2
 մ֧պ΢ Linux ‫ڟ‬፹ቸ

ಀ‫ޟޣࣱܚ‬ȂLinux ‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬ҏࣺ࿋‫ޟ‬ӻȂ፝ԃ Red Hat ‫ف‬ಛȃSuSEȃMandriva

ᇄ Debian ้้Ȅӵ೻‫ٲ‬லَ‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬ҏ࿋ϛо Debian ೻এ‫ޥ‬တ‫ގ‬ҏೝៗ࣏࢜
ᄺശ࣏ᝒᙱ‫ ޟ‬Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ҏȂ‫؁‬Ԥ݉ЄᇳႆȶϚෆ‫ޖ‬ႆ Debian ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ΡϚ૖
ᆎ࣏ Linux ଽЙȷ‫ِޟ‬፣‫ڹ‬Ȋ^_^ȊϚႆҥܻ Debian ࢐ҥ‫ޥ‬တ‫ޟ‬ଽЙঈᆰ៖
‫ޟ‬Ȃᗶณᡝ፴ࣺ࿋ᓺ‫ي‬ȂϚႆᏰಬ໌Σ‫ߞޟ‬ᘤࣺᄇ‫ޟ‬ШၶσΙ‫ٲ‬Ȅ
Ubuntu ࢐ߖԑ‫پ‬ϗ௰ю‫ޟ‬Ιএ Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ҏȂ೻এ‫ގ‬ҏкौ࡚ᄺӵ Debian
ΰ७ȂӰԪӑЈΰ‫ڎ‬Ԥࣺ࿋‫ي‬ԁ‫ޟ‬ᡝ፴Ȃёΰ Ubuntu ҏ٘‫ޟ‬ഺཎϚЍȂᡱ Ubuntu
ுоӵ Linux ਹ७‫ٺ‬ҢΰլԤΙৰϞӴȄଶΟਹ७೺ᡝᐌӫ࡙ࣺ࿋ଽϞѴȂ
Ubuntu ӵ༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬Linux թ݈Ꮲ೩ۡΰ७ζհுԤᖐԤՓȂζ࢐Ιৈࣺ࿋෕‫ޟ‬
Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ҏȂ࡞঄ு‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ι௤‫ـ‬ത‫ޟ‬Ȅ

ҥ‫ݍ‬٤щᇄထ❼щ้ӫእ‫ޟ‬೻ҏȮԩжф LinuxɯUbuntu ‫ޖ‬ӒЙыȯȂ‫ڏ‬ϱৠ

џоϷ࣏ඁএഋϷȈ
಑ΙഋӋкौӵ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ϱৠϭಝᇄԊ၆ȃৈӇᆓ౩ᇄਝ૖፡ਮȃX ਹ७‫ޟ‬
‫ٺ‬Ңᇄ፡ਮ้้Ȅ೻ഋӋϭಝΟ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ყ၌Ԋ၆ȂоЅߑԩ௥ញ Linux ‫݉ޟ‬Єശ
৛‫៮ޟܐ‬ଢ଼แԒ࢐֏ԙђంଢ଼้୰ᚠȄӵ X ਹ७ΰࠌϭಝΟσӻኵᒲϴ೺ᡝȂо
ЅலҢ‫ޟ‬ΰᆩώ‫้้ڎ‬Ȃ᠞‫ׇ‬೻ΙഋӋȂ೻ഋ Ubuntu ‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ف‬ಛϐငٗо࿋
ԙௌ‫ޟ‬ᒲϴҢкᐠ᠅Ȋ
xiv ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

಑ΠഋϷкौӵϭಝԃդӵ Linux ‫ޟ‬ᕗცή዁ᔣ Windows ‫ޟ‬ᕗცоЅ࡞ӻࣺ

࿋Ԥ፸‫ ޟ‬Linux ၽᔛ೺ᡝȄҬࠉ஠ Linux ୈ࣏ਹΰ࠮Ⴋသ‫݉ޟ‬Єശബྮ‫ޟ‬ӴПџ
૖ӵܻȶ٥‫ר‬ন‫ޟپ‬ၽᔛ૖Ϛ૖᝷៉‫ޖ‬ȉȷ೻এഋϷџоആႆ Wine ೻এџоӵ
X ᕗცήஈ՗ Windows ࣺৠแԒ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ‫پ‬೎౩‫ڹ‬ȊԪഋϷࣼ‫ࡣׇ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ঈᔖ၎
൷૖ஊӵ Linux ೻এࣺ࿋෕‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛΰ७‫ޖ‬ௌϞࠉӵ Windows ΰϗ૖ເ‫ޟ‬ၽ
ᔛ᠅Ȋ
ശ෕‫ޟ‬ζ࢐ശலҢ‫ޟ‬ђ૖൷࢐ᆩၯթ݈Ꮲ᠅Ȋ‫ܚ‬оհ‫ޱ‬ӵ಑έഋϷϭಝ
Linux
Οඁএலَиዥߞ‫ޟ‬թ݈ᏢȂѓࢂ WWW թ݈ᏢȃNFS թ݈Ꮲ้้Ȃᗶณᛤܻጕ
ൽ၎թ݈Ꮲϭಝ࢐ᘈ‫࣏ڗ‬ХȂϚႆ‫ڏ‬ϛ࢚‫ٲ‬੫੆и१ौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ୤ኵȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ Apache
թ݈Ꮲϱ‫ ޟ‬AddDefaultCharset ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ้Ȃհ‫ޱ‬Ԥ࡞၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ёоᇳ݂ȂՄϚ࢐൐
સᖿ၌၎୤ኵ‫ޟ‬ཎဎՄϐȄ‫ܚ‬оࣼ‫ׇ‬ԪഋϷࣺ߬᠞‫ޱ‬ᄇܻթ݈ᏢོԤ‫౏؁‬Ιቹ‫ޟ‬
ᇯᜋȄ
ҏਪ‫ؠ‬Ԥᖟ౏‫ޟ‬౩፣ᇳ݂Ȃ‫ؠ‬Ԥፒᚕ‫ࡾޟ‬хϭಝȂҥࣺ࿋ԑሆ‫ޟ‬հ‫ޱ‬တବᄇ
Ubuntu ೻এ Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬੫Փ‫پ‬ϭಝலَ‫ ޟ‬X ຜๅ೺ᡝоЅթ݈Ꮲђ૖Ȃ
ϱৠࣺ࿋ಒӫσಀᎧ᠞Ȃࣺ߬ௌ᠞‫ׇ‬ҏਪࡣོᄇ Ubuntu ೻এี՗‫ގ‬ҏԤ‫౏؁‬Ι
ቹ‫ޟ‬ᡝᇯȄϚ᠅লȂሂᆧ‫ڧٴ‬Ꭷ᠞‫ޟ‬ዅ፸֑Ȋ
നর
2006/11 Ѯࠒ
 PREFACE xv

˃ࣜʙਔվ‫ ږ‬Ubuntu ґĊ

Ι‫ޢ‬о‫پ‬ȂLinux ഍๝ΡΙᆍϚܾΰЙȂѫᎌӫଽЙ‫ڷ‬ᓧࡊ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ݖړޟ‬ӟຫȄ
ӵ೨ӻԑࠉȂ೻‫ޟ‬ጂෆ࢐‫ٱ‬ᄂȂծငႆӻԑี৤ϞࡣȂϬЈ‫ ޟ‬LinuxȂϐငԤΟ
Ӓཱི‫ޟ‬७ᇼȂӨᆍี՗‫ގ‬ҏϚծ‫ٺ‬Ңϭ७ູ‫ູپ‬Є๡ȂϛМЛධζРᗍ‫ׇ‬๡ȄՄ
ӵϬРಀӻ‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬ҏϛȂശ‫ڧ‬ᢙҬ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࿋឴‫پ‬Ռࠒߨ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu Linux ‫࢐ۻڗ‬
ϧቄኺ‫ޟ‬নӰȂ‫ٺ‬ு೻এཱི‫ف‬ಛ૖ஊࡨഀᙈऔȂо༃଻Ϟ࠼ಳᑗՄюȉLinux ά
‫ۻڗ‬ԤϧቄхΡ๿ଜ‫ޟ‬ᏄΨȂᡱ೻ቄӻΡ᜹ཎ߆ਢ໢ўᏰಬȉ‫ר‬དȂ೻ҏਪȂᔖ
၎џоඪ‫ټ‬๝᠞‫ޱ‬ΙഋϷ‫๎ޟ‬ਰȄ٥ѪΙഋϷ‫ڹ‬ȉѪΙഋϷȂ࿋ณ൷ுौ้᠞‫ޱ‬
ᒑՌўᡝᡛΟȄ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ௌෆငԤདკၐ Linux ‫܈ޟ‬ᓞȂࠓӰ࣏Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾԃդΣߞΰЙՄհጫȂௌ‫ޟ‬
ᐠོ‫پ‬ΟȄUbuntu ҏ٘൷࢐ߨலᎌӫߑᏰ‫ޱ‬Σߞ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ف‬ಛȂᏰಬߞᘤ
ϐင६ճΟߨலӻȂՄ഻ήΙ‫ٲ‬ШၶϚৠܾ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ൷ҥ೻ҏȮԩжф Linuxɯ
Ubuntu ‫ޖ‬ӒЙыȯ‫پ‬ᔓௌ၄֑ٗȊ

೻ҏਪొᇐΟԊ၆ȃஅҏᢎ‫܈‬ϭಝȃஅҏࡾхȃ१ौ‫فޟ‬ಛ೩ۡȃਹ७ᕗცᐇ
հȃᆩၯᔖҢȃӻ൬ᡝ้Рலҡࣀϛࣺ࿋ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬кᚠȂՄ‫؁‬१ौ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ၇७ࣥՍ
ᗙԤΙএடᖿԃդӵ Linux ή‫ޖ‬ၽᔛ‫ޟ‬ണ࿽ȂϭಝΟԃդӵ Linux ή‫ޖ‬Ȯ៳ᛚж
ࣨȯ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬ȂᗙϭಝΟඁ෡ၽᔛȂϚ༉કଶΟ Linux ήฒ‫ޖݲ‬ၽᔛ‫ޟ‬ଜࡦȂӣਢ
ζඪ‫ټ‬Οᄂሬ‫ޟ‬ᐇհ؏᡽Ȃᆗ࢐ҏਪ࡞Ԥ੫Փ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȄ࿋ਢհ‫ޱ‬ᗜ‫ר‬ቸ‫ו‬ਢȂ‫ר‬
‫ؠ‬Ԥ଻ΰ๎ᔖȂՄ࢐ौؑΙۡौᒑՌ᠞ႆȂΟ၌ᄂሬϱৠϞࡣȂ‫ר‬ϗ૖‫ؚۡ‬Ȃጂ
߳೻‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐ȶЄ௑௰ȷȄӵ᠞‫ׇ‬հ‫ޱ‬ச๝‫ޟר‬ገӇϞࡣȂᗶณԤ‫ٲ‬ӴПᗙ࢐ឈு
Ԥ‫ٲ‬೨‫׽‬๡ު໢Ȃծᐌᡝ‫پ‬ᇳȂ‫ר‬ᗙ࢐ོ๝Ϡଽ࡙ຟቋȄ
xvi ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

এΡឈுҏਪϱৠࣺ࿋ᄂҢȂσഋϷ‫ٺ‬ҢΰШၶலႄ‫ޟڗ‬୰ᚠσम഍Ԥొᇐ
‫ڗ‬ȂՄஅᙃ‫ڷ‬ᔖҢȂࡾх‫ڷ‬ყ‫ל‬ϭ७ᐇհ‫ޟ‬ጕൽȂШ‫ٽ‬ζᆗ࢐࡬‫ڗ‬ԁ೎Ȅᖃ‫ٺ‬Ԥ
‫ٲ‬ω࿃౸Ȃϫณ࿃Ϛ௫࿊Ȃ঄ு௰ᙨȂᎌӫհ࣏Σߞ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ᏲЕȄծӵ೻၇
ौඪᒺ᠞‫࢐ޟޱ‬Ȃհ‫ޱ‬ӵࠉ७Σߞ‫ޟ‬ണ࿽ȂቸΟ೨ӻࡾхᐇհ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȄлࣼϞή
խн࡞ϚԁᏰȂծᄂሬΰȂ౪ӵӵਹ७ᕗცήȂσഋϷ‫ٱޟ‬௑ϐငϚሯौ҈ࡾхȂ
ѫ࢐Ӱ࣏٥‫ࡾٲ‬хζᆗ࢐१ौ‫ޟ‬அᙃᐇհ‫ڷ‬ᢎ‫܈‬ȂՄиौ࢐ᚔ໠Οਹ७ᕗცȂ൷
ོሯौҢ‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оϗོೝܹӵࠉ७‫ޟ‬ണ࿽ӑ՗ϭಝȂতΣߞ‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џտೝᔃ‫ڗ‬
ΟȂ٥‫ݍٲ‬ՙȂΙ໠ۖ‫ٮ‬ϚሯौӒഋᏰོȂѫौӑ฿ཌԤএ྅‫܈‬Ȃ࡞ӻ‫ݍ‬ՙ‫ࡣ܁‬
ᗙ࢐џоᄚᄚᏰ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
ᔓΙҏਪቸ௰ᙨ‫ו‬ȂԤਢ൷჋࢐ӵቸछॵϭಝȂհ‫ޱ‬џоЈ߆༄ቪȂྃᅾ‫ܚ‬૖
ජक़ॵ‫࢐ސ‬ԃդ‫ޟ‬छ‫ڨ‬ȂծषߨᒑՌᔁΰΙοȂௌҗሉϚོ‫ޣ‬ၾ٥࢐ϧቄฅ‫ڨ‬Ȅ
Մ౪ӵ‫ר‬ौ֙ວௌ‫࢐ޟ‬ȂUbuntu Ϛծछ‫ڨ‬џοȂՄиᗙ࢐‫ׇ‬Ӓջາ‫ޟ‬ȶғ‫ގ‬ȷ
೺ᡝȄ‫ܚ‬оȂϬЈ൷ၭ‫ר‬ঈσড়ΙଔȂ‫ ޖپ‬Ubuntu ֑Ȋ
ࢹӈᒟ PCMan
 PREFACE xvii

Ubuntuůૌశչ‫ڟ‬Ꮅጅ˞ʙ
ፙ‫ ڗ‬Linux ‫ีޟ‬৤Ȃ೻‫ڍ‬ԑџоᇳ࢐ߨலᙴԝ‫ޟ‬ȄЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ӵ Desktop П७‫ีޟ‬
৤ȂശᡱΡᡙ൉ȄӣਢȂ‫ٺ‬Ң Linux ࿋հРலᐇհ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ρζູ‫ູپ‬ӻȄႆ‫࡞܁‬
ӻᜲ೩ᜲ‫ޟޖ‬୰ᚠ഍ംᅚுо၌‫ؚ‬Ȅᗶณ‫ר‬Ϛ൉᠍਌ Linux ‫پ‬ၭ Windows ‫پ‬Ш
ၶȂծ‫ר‬೻၇࡞དၭσড়Ϸ‫ٴ‬ΙএငᡛȈӵΙԩо Linux ཱིᘀΡ࣏кौ᠙ಀ‫ޟ‬ᅋ
ᖿϛȂΙΰൟ‫ר‬൷৤ҰΟ‫ ޟר‬Linux ਹ७Ȟ࿋ณȂంଢ଼ਢ‫ؠר‬௥‫׹‬ኇȟȂ‫ר‬ၭѮ
ή‫݉ޟ‬Єᇳ‫ר‬Ң‫࢐ޟ‬ശཱི‫ ޟގ‬WindowsȞ٥ਢ Vista ᗙ‫ؠ‬юȟȂۨณԤΙјΡೝ
‫ר‬᜿ΟȊ ^_^
ᗶณ Ubuntu ೻এӪԅᄇ࡞ӻΡ‫پ‬ᇳ࡞५ҡȂծ࢐୅ԃௌӵ೻‫ڍ‬ԑௌԤ੼ཎ
Linux П७‫ཱིޟ‬ᆸ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥‫ר‬ම߳ᜌ Ubuntu ೻এӪԅΙۡю౪ႆௌ‫ޟ‬ಁᛨ၇Ȅ
Ѻ‫ޟ‬Ӫԅधࡣ֤๿ࣥቄཎဎȉѺ‫ـ‬തԤࣥቄ૖ञȉѺ࣏դ૖ԙ࣏࿋Ϭ‫ފ‬Йџዥ
‫ޟ‬࿋औࣔυᚘȉѺၭႆ‫ڏ܁‬т‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ྛెޟ‬ԤࣥቄҞဪȉᗙԤȂ‫ר‬ζџо
ሆᚬඛ‫ޟפ‬ᇄϞӓᇆ༝ȉ้้Ȍ
೻‫ٲ‬୰ᚠ‫๎ޟ‬ਰάӵ঺၇‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ר‬ད೻ζ࢐࡞ӻ݉Є‫ܚ‬ཐᑹ፸‫ޟ‬Ȅ
࡞ཐᗂ‫ڍ‬՝հ‫ޱ‬೻ࢲਢ໢‫ޟ‬഼ٚпюȂϗԤΟҏਪ‫ޟ‬южȄ೻তԁ࢐࡞ӻ
Linux ݉Є‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬Ȋਪҏ‫ڍޟ‬՝ԑሆհ‫ޱ‬ȂҢтঈՌ٘‫ޟ‬ငᡛ࣏᠞‫ޱ‬ঈ৤໠ᆠ
ி Ubuntu ϞਡȈ௃‫ڏ‬ᐣѬ࢈‫ٱ‬ȃ࢜ᄺ౩‫܈‬ȃ‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩ȃਹ७ᔖҢȃ‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ
࢜೩ȂᗙԤ࡞ӻᆠጝ‫׬ޟ‬ѽЖுȄٗоᡱௌ௃ӨП७ԁԁӴཐ‫ڧ‬Ιή Ubuntu
‫ޟ‬Ꭺᐂఀ‫ى‬Ȅ
xviii ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

‫๎ר‬ᔖ Ducati ᔓтቸ೻ҏਪ‫࢐וޟ‬ԞඁএТϞࠉ‫ٱޟ‬௑ȂϚႆ้‫ڗ‬ገυ‫רڗ‬

ЙΰਢȂϐငᖝӟࠉςΟȄҏད૩૩ࣼΙࣼҺ৯Ο‫ޟٱ‬ȞࠤȂհ‫ޱ‬տ҈‫ר‬ȊȟȄ
ϚႆȂ࿋‫ׇࣼר‬ਪҬЅࠉ‫ڍ‬ണϞࡣȂࠓᡱ‫ער‬Ϛ՞௃ᓞ‫׎ڗ‬ಠಠ‫ࠢޟ‬კଔ‫پ‬Ȅ‫ٮ‬
иྱ๿ਪҏ‫؏ޟ‬᡽஠‫ ޟר‬Ubuntu Ѐ઻ΟΙႇȂᗙԊ၆ΟϚЍԤ፸‫ޟ‬แԒȂၭ๿
ਪҏ‫ޟ‬ϭಝ‫ޖ‬Οଔ‫پ‬Ȅ൷ᆗௌ௃‫ؠپ‬Ңႆ Linux ζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽ȂUbuntu ᐇհϭ७ઍ
‫࡞ޟ‬Є๡Ȋԃ‫ݎ‬ௌ‫ؠ‬Ԥઍ‫ޟ‬ᐇհႆȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ௌϞࠉ‫ٺ‬Ңႆ‫ڏ‬т‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ޟ‬
ၗȂUbuntu ‫ޟ‬ᆍᆍ߯ց‫ڏܒ‬ᄂ࡞ৠܾᡝོȄ։‫ٺ‬ௌ௃ Debian ᙽႆ‫پ‬Ȃζ૖௃
Ubuntu ΰี౪࡞ӻᡙ൉Ȋ೻ᆍᡝᡛ࢐ᡱΡ࡞ඛ‫פ‬иᢚ፬‫ޟ‬Ȋ

୅ԃȂௌෆငᇯ࣏ Linux ࡞ᜲҢȂ‫ٮ‬иоϞհ࣏‫ܢ‬๘‫ޟ‬౩ҥȄ٥ቄȂUbuntu

ོᡱௌឈுϞࠉ‫ޟ‬౩ҥ஠ϚӔ࢐ᙤοȄ
୅ԃȂௌϐငԙ࣏Ι՝ Linux ‫ޟ‬Рல‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ȂиΙ‫ޢ‬ӵ൶ೢΙৈ‫؁‬ᎌӫௌএΡ
൉ԁ‫ގޟ‬ҏȂUbuntu ฒᅸ࢐ௌശ‫ޟٹ‬ᒵᐅϞΙȄ
౪ӵȂ၎࢐՗ଢ଼‫ޟ‬ਢঐΟȊ
netman
2006-10-31 ܻଽ໰‫ڗ‬Ѯࠒ‫ޟ‬Ьٙΰ
 PREFACE xix

ੈྫ༞‫̺ڟ‬ʡ
ᗶலӵᆩၯΰีߒཌྷَȂծоઍӪีߒ௰ᙨ‫ו‬ᗙ࢐ᓞΙᎏȄРࠉȂЄΡ '8&$7,
Ȟ‫؃‬ထ❼ȟභ፜ω‫࣏ך‬೻ҏਪհ‫ו‬ਢȂయϚนᒣ൷๎ᔖȂ૿Ж෈࡟೻಑Ιҏᜰܻ
8EXQWX*18/LQX[ ‫ޟ‬ѮᢊϛМਪᝲ૖ᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥ‫ܚ‬ԝᛦȄ

‫ے‬иϚፙ *18/LQX[Ȃၐࣼ࿋Ϭ೺ᡝ‫ีޟ‬৤‫ݷޑ‬Ȉ฽ᡝ‫࢐؏໌ޟ‬ᓍ๿‫ޣ‬Ӫ‫ޟ‬
ኞᅭۡࡡӵࠉ໌Ȃζ൷වајᏲᡝኵ໔оؐ̈ΤএТ‫ޟ‬ഀ౥ॻቨȂ‫ڏ‬ԙߝൽ࡙‫ޟ‬
ቑ੨Ȃᄇؐএ฿ཌၥ౏‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ՄِȂ഍џ݂ᡗཐ‫ڗڧ‬ȂณՄȂ೺ᡝ‫ีޟ‬৤
ࠓ‫ٷ‬ඉ 3DUNLQVRQ ۡࡡȞ‫ׇ‬ԙΙӇώհ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ȂོᘗσՍ၎ώհ‫ܚ‬ৠ೨‫ޟ‬ਢ
३ȟȂ඲ِϞȂฒ፣Ⴋသ฽ᡝ໌৤Ԥϧቄ१σएકȂᖂ࢐ሂϚΰ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ฒХᅾሯ
ؑȄ0LFURVRIW :LQGRZV ‫ޟ‬౴ॖएଔȃᇄ ,QWHO ௮ࡕԙ࣏ȶ:LQWHO ࡔ୽ȷȂџᇳ
࢐ 3DUNLQVRQ ۡࡡᇄኞᅭۡࡡ‫ޟ‬ശ‫ڐٹ‬ጒȄ࣏Οእቸ௰ᙨ‫ו‬Ȃ੫տўႫသਪ۹ٖ
ΙᎏȂฟ࿁ᅖҬ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅхΡЖҡ‫܌‬ཎȂႫသ‫׬‬೚ෆඁդਢȂϐငፒᚕՍ඼ȉȊ
Ⴋသ‫݂ีޟ‬൷࢐ौ෇Ρ᜸၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠȂᔖ၎࢐Ρ᜸ശ‫܆‬ᄂ‫ޟ‬჊ΡȂณՄෆඁդ
ਢȂ೨ӻΡঈІՄೝႫသ‫ܚ‬ѷ‫מ‬ȂӵԤЖΡ‫ޟ‬ඡණᇄҀ‫׋‬ήȂ೨ӻΡঈ‫ڧ‬३ܻࢋ
ۡ‫ޟ‬਱࢜‫ࡦڷ‬ᆰПԒȂ፭ϠႫသҡ‫ޟڼ‬೺ᡝζᗍܻࡌഖȂ၎ԃդᡱႫသጂϸୈ
‫ٱ‬ȂՄߨ༉࢐ᡱΡঈҗሉўᒳඉ٥‫ٲ‬୉σ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသೣࠌ‫ڹ‬ȉՌҥ೺ᡝϞЮ 5LFKDUG
0 6WDOOPDQ ғ ຜ ೻ এ ୰ ᚠ Ȃ ‫ ٮ‬ᝰ ഺ Ռ ҥ ೺ ᡝ அ ߜ ོ Ȟ )UHH 6RIWZDUH
)RXQGDWLRQȟȂᐭีΡ᜸ᄇ೩ॎႫသശߑ‫ڳޟ‬ൔȈȶΡ᜸೩ॎ೺ᡝоᐇ௡฽ᡝȂ
Մ೺ᡝҏ٘ᔖ၎ौ࢐Ռҥ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೻ኺႫသϗ૖հӈդΡঈ෈ఖ‫ޟ‬ώհȷȂՄ‫ר‬ঈζ
َ‫* ڗ‬18/LQX[ȃ %6'ȂоЅΙ‫ف‬ӖՌҥ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᑹଔȂғ࢐Ρ᜸ᄇՌҥ‫ޟ‬ວؑȄ
xx ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

ۧࡾΙᆗȂ௥ញ *18/LQX[ ᄇω‫ך‬ՄِȂᘞᘞ៉៉ߖ̈ԑȂনҏѫ࢐࣏Οϛ

Ᏸ‫ޟ‬ऋᏰ৤។Ȃ໠ีΙৈω࠮հཾ‫ف‬ಛȂ୤Ճ *18/LQX[ ‫ޟ‬ਯЖհஅᙃȂ‫ؠ‬ད
‫ڗ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛᗙ‫ؠ‬ቸԁȂ൷‫ؖ‬ଜܻ /LQX[ ‫ޟ‬छּжࣨȄհ࣏ϴ໠ଆ፣ᇄ‫׬‬೚Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬
/.0/Ȟ/LQX[.HUQHO0DLOLQJ/LVWȟȂਢலԤ೨ӻᡙΡ‫໌ޟ‬৤ᇄഺཱིೝඪюȂՄ
‫ר‬ζҬ࿝ .'( ᇄ *120( ਹ७‫ف‬ಛॎหೝඪю‫ٮ‬ဣᄂȂ஠೻‫ٲ‬೺ᡝ༘໱‫ ޟ‬/LQX[
'LVWULEXWLRQV ‫࢐؁‬ฟ࿁ᅖҬȂѫौԤϚӣ‫ޟ‬ວؑȂඁн഍џആႆՌҥ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ಢӫ
ӔഅȂഺഅཱི‫ ޟ‬/LQX[ ‫ف‬ಛȂ 8EXQWX *18/LQX[ ൷࢐ྃ‫ޟٹ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬ȄϚႆȂ
*18/LQX[ ശᐿ੫Ϟ೎Ȃᗙ࢐ӵܻኄσ‫ޟ‬ȶ‫ޥ‬တȷȞFRPPXQLW\ȟΨ໔Ȃ/LQX[
ᝒਿ‫پ‬ᇳѫ࢐հཾ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ਯЖȂ*18 ॎหՌ  ԑՍϬȂಣᑖσ໔‫ޟ‬ଽ፴໔
೺ᡝȂ೻‫ٲ‬Һξ‫ޟ‬ಢӫᇄҺϣհҢȂᐭีࣺ࿋ᡙΡ‫ޟ‬ਝᔖȄ
ҏ٘հ‫ޱ‬ϞΙ GEWVDLȞጾ‫ݍ‬٤ȟ൷࢐Ι՝ࣀ៚ܻ 8EXQWX ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޥޱ‬တ‫݉ޟ‬ЄȂ
‫ר‬ᇄтશҐᒗ७Ȃծலَ‫ڗ‬тӵ፣Ꮻ‫ٺܖ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ଆ፣တಢ‫ޟ‬ଓᝦȂಣᑖ‫ ޟ‬FUHGLW
ᡱ‫ר‬Ϛ༉ᇯӣ‫ڏ‬ғ७ቋ঄Ȃ‫ݠ؁‬ณَ‫ڗ‬тฒ‫ؽ‬ӴϷ‫ٴ‬ӵ 8EXQWX*18/LQX[ ‫ޟ‬Ж
ுȄ೻Ϛ࢐Ιҏ‫׬‬೚ଽ౏‫ޟ‬ਪᝲȂࣺІӴȂആႆҁܾߖΡ‫ޟ‬ο֛Ȃၐყ஠ 8EXQWX
‫ܚ‬஼፡‫ޟ‬ɇ/LQX[IRU+XPDQ%HJLQVɇᆠડᄔᡗȂ‫ר‬ঈϚሯौѪΙএᛁσϚ൞‫ޟ‬
հཾ‫ف‬ಛ‫پ‬ѷ‫מ‬Ռ‫ר‬ȃ‫؁‬Ϛདौଜࡦܻԫ‫ޟݖ‬ᐇհ‫ל‬ԒϛȂࣺІӴȂ‫ר‬ঈ։஠џ
َȂ‫ޟ‬ጂџᡱႫသีථ‫ڏ‬ቋ঄Ȃႀԙ‫ר‬ঈ෈࡟‫ޟ‬՗࣏Ȃӵ೻এ໠ܹиՌҥ‫فޟ‬ಛ
ϛȂ‫ר‬ঈ஠ுо᏿Ԥਹ७‫ف‬ಛȃᆩၯթ݈Ꮲȃ๼ᝋ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝ‫้้ڧٴ‬ȂϚѫ૖հ
ಠഋཌ፡Ȃ‫ٱ‬ᄂΰȂѫौௌ൉᠍ȂࣥՍџᡝᡛȶ‫ۼ‬Λ၌вȷ‫ޟ‬छּȂ७ᄇ೻‫ٲ‬Ռ
ҥ೺ᡝȂȶྛጆϞࠉΟฒફ஝ȷȂϚ༉џΙᑛ৞ኂϞछȂᗙџཐ‫ׇڗڧ‬Ӓȶѷ‫מ‬ȷ
฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬ԙ൷ཐȄ8EXQWX*18/LQX[ σσᙏϽᗚΣԃԪცࣨ‫࡙ᜲޟ‬Ȃҏ٘հ‫ޱ‬஠
ளሴӨ՝᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃࡸഋ൷ੲӴ஻ᛳ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬धශ‫ޣ‬ᜋȃԊ၆அᙃ‫ف‬ಛᇄ೺ᡝৈӇȂ௃
Մ‫ڧٴ‬ᆍᆍ 8EXQWX ள‫߯ޟپ‬ց‫ܒ‬Ȃശࡣ‫ؖ‬੔ܻ೻Ռҥи໠ܹ‫࡙୽ޟ‬ϛȄ
ߑΣ೻Ռҥ‫࡙୽ޟ‬ȂᜲջԤȶቓࡀࡀഉσᢎ༪ȷϞნȂᏑᆓӵཪ൶Еᔝี৤ԙ
ዣ‫ޟ‬ϬРȂϫϚջԤ‫ܚ‬ଜࡦȂ೻ҏਪ‫ޟ‬ԟཎ‫ߨٮ‬ौ᠞‫ࡸޱ‬ყષᢞȃ6WHSE\6WHS
հԫ‫ޟݖ‬ᐇհȂՄ࢐ඪ‫ټ‬೨ӻϸΣᘈȂᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬ுо࡚ҳ఼ཿ‫ޟ‬ᢎ‫܈‬Ȃ฿ࡣџ୤Ճ
 PREFACE xxi

ਪϛ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ޟڗ‬ಀӻၥྛȂ໌Ι؏౏Σ௤ષȂഺഅ 8EXQWX*18/LQX[ ‫ཱིޟ‬ቋ঄Ȃ

፜଄՞᠞‫ޱ‬஠࢐Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬кΡȂՄϚӔ‫ڧ‬ԫ‫ݖ‬Մࡌഖ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ‫ܚ‬ѷ‫מ‬Ȅ
ҏਪѪΙ՝հ‫' ޱ‬8&$7, ࣀ៚ܻ 8EXQWX Ѯᢊ‫ޥޟ‬တ୼υϛȂζலհငᡛϷ
‫ٴ‬Ȅ‫ר‬ঈҡࣀ‫ޟ‬ԑфȂೝ঱Ᏸড়༹ิᆎ࣏ȶฐኌ‫ޟ‬ਢфȷȂ७ᄇ੝ᛒ‫׬ޟ‬೚ጒᛟȂ
‫ר‬ঈϚӔԤԃӣឃ‫ۇۃݍ‬ၽٕᏩՄҡȶ‫ސ‬ᇄ‫ࣱר‬ฒᅾȷ‫ޟ‬ᡝਂȂࣺІӴȂலலක
ৼܻϚ‫ޣ‬ԃդҳٗȂ8EXQWX*18/LQX[ Ϛ༉࢐໠ܹиՌҥ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ޥڏ‬တ
ӓ‫ޟٴ‬ᆠડȂ‫࢐؁‬ᆡܹछᝋ߆ᑼ‫ޟ‬་ЙȂ'8&$7, ᇄ GEWVDL ଔ๋೻ҏ๿հȂζ
ᆗ࢐Ԫ้ᆠડ‫៉۽ޟ‬Ȃ࿋ณ๿հѫ࢐໠ᆒȂ१ᘈ࢐‫ޣ‬ᜋ‫ޟ‬ᘗ৤ᇄӔҡȄ‫ה‬ఖ᠞‫ޱ‬
ӵᎧ౳ࡣȂ։‫ٺ‬ฒ‫ݲ‬ੑଶᄇ‫׬‬೚‫ޟ‬ᕡ਀࿲ᡐ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ฐኌȂζ૖‫ߖܜ‬ᇄ *18/LQX[
‫ڷ‬ӻϯϽᔖҢ‫ޟ‬ຽᚔȂ໌Մ౰ҡӓቁȂ‫ܻ٘׹ٮ‬೻Π̈ԑ‫پ‬ᄇႫသ‫׬‬೚‫ޟ‬Ռҥ၌
ܹ‫ޟ‬ȶМ᛺ඈᑹȷၼଢ଼ϛȄ
ᙱԪ௰ᙨҏਪϠ᠞‫݉ޱ‬ЄঈȊ
༁ཱတȞ MVHUY ȟ 

ཀྰ၏ȞᇨႮዸᇍऎ”jserv”Ȃ಩ऎྲቖরᓮϢ‫ޱ‬঍๪ᇯ᠕߰Ȃ‫ڭ‬ం‫ ڰ‬GNU GCC

ሃॶВ֋Ӥഹᢜ༟๴ȟhttp://jserv.sayya.org/
xxii ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

෌ʣьΥ௺᝝̶ߨ‫۞˃ڟ‬

೻এжࣨઍ࢐‫ּۉ‬ȂௌҗሉϚོ‫ޣ‬ၾௌ౪ӵ‫ܚ‬ୈ‫ٱޟ‬௑ོᄇтΡ౰ҡӻσ‫ޟ‬ኇ
៪Ȅ൷ԃӣॴᇆϛ‫ޟ‬ፅፆȂϚ‫ޣ‬ၾѺؐϷម‫ܯ‬ଢ଼ૃᆼಣᑖӵσ੉‫ޟ‬Ψ໔Ȃതོഅ
ԙΙԑࡣѕछცϱ‫ޟ‬ᓸ௢ॳΙኺȄ჋೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ፅፆਝᔖȂؐϷؐऌ഍ӵᄇ೻এжࣨ
౰ҡཌּ‫࢐ܖ‬१σ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪Ȃ൷ԃӣ Richard Stallman ‫ ޟ‬GPL Ѕ GCCȂһ‫ ࢐ܖ‬Linus
Torvals ‫ ޟ‬Linux kernelȂΙএ࿋ή‫ޟ‬๡ཎȂതོᄇඁԑࡣ‫ޟ‬೻এжࣨ౰ҡԃԪ१
σ‫ޟ‬८‫ڼ‬Ȅ
௃‫ ٱ‬GNU Debian Linux оЅ Open Source ௰ኄၼଢ଼Ѕఀ‫ى‬ӻԑȂζӰԪ๖Һ
Ο KaLUG TnLUG Ѕ೨ӻ FS/OSS ‫ס‬ӣၾӫ‫ޟ‬ჱբȂ࿲࿲ζདϚ‫ڗ‬ඁԑࠉ‫ޟ‬๡
ཎȂՄ๖ᜋΟထ❼Ȃതζ໢௥ኇ៪ΟΙҏਪ‫ޟ‬፛ҡȄΙҏਪ‫ޟ‬፛ҡȂधࡣ‫ݧ׹ܚ‬
‫ޟ‬ЖՖ࢐̈ϷѼσ‫ޟ‬ȂՄΙҏЖΨ‫ܚ‬ᠥȂᎂӵਪ࢜ΰ‫ޟ‬ਪȂѺџоีථ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪Ψ
‫࢐؁‬ШΙএࣀଢ଼‫࢐ܖ‬Ιএఀ‫ى‬Ᏸแ‫؁ޟپ‬σȄՄѺ஠ᓗᓗ‫ޟ‬ᎂӵж࢚ࣨএُဣඹ
ีѺ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ΨȂ้࡟ௌ‫ีޟ‬௨Ȅ
དᏰԁ LinuxȂॶӑौӑԙ࣏Ѻ‫߬ޟ‬৶ȂΙӇӟԤ FS/OSS ყអ‫ޟ‬՘݈࢐҆ौ
၆രȂ᏿ԤΙѮ၆Ԥ Linux ‫ ޟ‬NoteBookȂ‫ٮ‬ӵΰ७၆ԁ๼ᝋሗઌ‫ ޟ‬Xwindow Ȃ
ਢਢ‫ړړ‬ள๿Ѻ‫ٺ‬ҢѺȂᡱ೻Ѯ NoteBook ԙ࣏ௌҡࣀ҆ሯࠢȂ‫ٮ‬ᓍਢᓍӴөௌ
‫݉ޟ‬ЄࢿသоЅ࣎᝺ௌ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသਹ७Ԥӻቄ‫ޟ‬ሗ࣎ᅔ߫Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬ௌ૖ୈ‫ڗ‬೻ኺ‫ޟ‬Ӵ
؏Ȃ٥‫ר‬ौ৾൉ௌϐ፽ΣΟ Linux ‫ޟ‬σߞȂϞࡣ‫ོ࡚ר‬ដௌ൷ᔖ၎໠ۖᛄᅸᇄ፴
ᅸ ѺȂ‫ٮ‬७ᄇЅ‫ܛ‬ᇯѺ‫ޟ‬ીᘈȂ໌Մ‫׽‬ᡐѺȄѺശσ‫ޟ‬ᓺᘈϚӵܻѺ‫ܚ‬өฒኳ
оЅ‫ׇ‬छయฒીᘈȂࣺᄇ‫ޟ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ીᘈᗙਕӻ‫ޟ‬ȂѺԤএΡΡ഍Ԥ᠌Ψ‫໌׽‬Ѕࡻ៉
໌Ͻ‫ޟ‬ᓺᘈȂѫौௌདௌ᜹ཎȂௌԤ૖ΨȂௌ൷џо‫ڥ‬ுЅᑛຜѺ‫༹ޟ‬જȂFS/OSS
ശσ‫ޟ‬ᓺ༖ӵܻѺӻॗҁ՗ᝯ‫ތ‬ȂՄи࢐ғөඉᕗ໌ϽȄ
 PREFACE xxiii

லԤΡ୰‫ר‬௰ᙨΙҏᏰಬ Linux ‫ޟ‬ԁਪȂ‫ר‬Ιೱ‫๎ޟ‬ਰ഍࢐Ȃўਪ‫׋‬ᙚΙҏௌ

ࣼுᔗ‫ޟ‬ਪȂ१ᘈϚӵܻԁᚽȂࠔᖡȂ‫࢐ܖ‬Ԥ‫ؠ‬Ԥ౏࡙Ȅ१ᘈӵܻௌ࢐Ϛ࢐ࣼு
ᔗȂࣼுᔗௌϗོࣼȂོࣼϗོࣼு‫ׇ‬Ȃࣼு‫ׇ‬ᄇௌϗ࢐ԁਪȄࣼ‫ࡣׇ‬፜ܹ೻ҏ
ਪՌҥȂЬٙમ‫ڪ‬୫ᓢ഍࢐஠ਪҏܹҡϚᒿ‫ޟ‬ӴᘈȂณࡣӔў‫ײ‬ήΙҏௌࣼுᔗ
‫ޟ‬ਪȄ
૿Ж‫ה‬ఖ೻ҏਪᄇܻғӵᎧ᠞‫ޟ‬ௌོԤ‫ܚ‬ᔓօȂζ‫ה‬ఖ೻ਪџоᄇௌ౰ҡғө
ਝᔖȂџоЕሴௌ໌ΣՌҥ೺ᡝжࣨ‫ޟ‬σߞԙ࣏Ѻ‫߬ޟ‬৶Ȅ
༁ԇཱིȞlloydȟ ܻଽ໰‫ݬ‬ൠ
xxiv ௰ᙨ‫ו‬

Welcome to the Most Friendly

Communitty in the World,
Ubuntu@TaiwanĊ
࿋ߑᇯᜋ೻ҏਪкौհ‫ޱ‬ϞΙ dbtsai ࢐Ӱ࣏ငᕊ Ubuntu@Taiwan ‫ޥ‬တЅ‫ف‬Ӗ
‫ޥ‬တЛධમѮ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȅӵ࢚Јԝ‫ڗ‬Ο೻՝Ȟনҏѫࣼ ID ឈுᔖ၎ᅖᝒ๦‫ޟ‬ȟϦ
щ‫ߒ߬ޟ‬ҰԤཎ᜹ёΣᔓԔȂࠓӵӱ߬ࡣ൷ੑѶฒᙹ‫ڍ‬এТȂғཐࣉ੉Ϟਢ‫ؠ‬ད
‫ڗ‬ԝ‫ڗ‬Οҏਪ‫ޟ‬ѪΙ՝кौհ‫ ޱ‬DUCATI ‫ޟ‬ᖒ๜ȂߒҰᇄ dbtsai ‫ڍ‬Ρϐင໠ۖҺ
‫܁‬ȄᏧϚ࢐Ȃ࢐ϐင໠ۖ๿ЙቸհΙҏட࣏ᝦ๝ϛМжࣨ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu User
‫ޟ‬ΣߞਪȂ‫ר‬άᡙά൉ȂघΟඁԩ‫ޟ‬ᆹོዣᜋࡣϗี౪ΡϚџ ID ࣺȂন‫پ‬೻
‫ڍ‬՝‫ڏ‬ᄂ഍࢐࡞џདྷ‫ޟ‬Ԥ࣏ԑሆΡȄَ‫ڗ‬ΡϗȂད࿋ณᅭ൷݂Ҭ஻ᖚӴ೩ॎᡱт
ঈᇄ DocTeam ȞМӇಢ, Ubuntu@Taiwan Documentation TeamȟӫհȂ๖ӫȂ
ณࡣᇳ݈тঈ‫װ‬тঈӬ௬ઽ࣏‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ԙষϞΙȊȞԁ֑Ȃ‫ܛר‬ᇯ᠙ଔ‫࡞רپ‬ᚽȄ
ծ࣏Οᡱ‫؁‬ӻബҞᡐԙ‫ד‬ৱ
Ȃ‫ר‬ϚΣӴᅰ።ΣӴᅰ‫ڹ‬ȉȟ
౪ӵਢሾ‫ ޟ‬DUCATI ࢐ DocTeam ‫ ڷ‬ActTeam Ȟࣀଢ଼ಢȟ‫ࣀޟ‬៚ԙষȂϚծ࢐
‫ר‬೻఼સωҡӵ‫ޥ‬Һ‫ޟ‬፞ᚠΰ‫يޟ‬ৱઉЄȂζ࢐࡞хΡ෈࡟‫ޟ‬МӇഺհ‫ޱ‬ȄՄଽ
σࠓ৛ನџདྷ‫ ޟ‬dbtsai ӣਢ࢐ DocTeam ‫ ڷ‬PkgTeam ‫ޟ‬ԙষȂᗶณᇳтശߖӰ
࣏ं‫ޟܚـ‬፞ཾᔆΨՄ૖࡟ӵ IRC ጣΰಮЈ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ᡐЍΟȂྷ࢐џ௔Ȅ

ӵԤ‫ٲ‬ႫသΡღᡝϛȂོоȶബҞȷΙຠ‫לپ‬ৠᄇႫသϚབᕣ၌‫ޟ‬Ιૡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ȞEnd UsersȟȂ
‫ٮ‬оȶ‫ד‬ৱȷΙຠ‫לپ‬ৠ૖ҢႫသԃ‫ݲ៳ٺ‬ૡഺհюᄉཱི‫ܖސٱ‬ᄇႫသϱഋ࣏ྃᕣ၌‫ޟ‬ΡȞ࿋
ณȂ೽ல࢐࢚ᆍ‫ל‬Ԓ‫ࡊ׬ޟ‬ȞGeekȟȟȄ
 PREFACE xxv

‫ר‬ϚுϚᇳȂ೻ᔖ၎࢐‫ࣼר‬ႆҬࠉѿ७ΰശԁ‫ޟ‬Ιҏ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬নҡϛМਪȂ

Ϛ჋‫ڏ‬тԤ‫ٲ‬Ⴋသਪ໔౰ღᡝȂ࣏Οሂю‫ގ‬ਢ໢‫ڷ‬๿հ໔཭ѿൟՄഅԙࠢ፴‫ޟ‬ಗ
౱Ȃ೻ҏਪԤ౏Σ఻ю‫׬ޟ‬೚ಠ࿽ජक़ȂάԤ๿ҁܾߖΡ‫ޟ‬МԅၼҢȂᡱߑᏰ‫ޱ‬
૖Ᏸ࡚ညΙএ๲݈ฒ॒ᐊ‫ޟ‬ᕗცȄ
ѪѴ Canonical ۢПζԤюΙҏ़М‫ ޟ‬Official UbuntuBookȂԤ૖Ψ᠞़Мਪ
‫݉ޟ‬ЄঈζџоΙଔີ‫پ‬୤ՃࣼࣼȂ࿋ณȂषௌ᜹ཎȂ‫ר‬ঈζߨல᠍ߔௌёΣ‫ר‬
ঈ‫ޟ‬σড়৳ȂМӇಢ ȞDocTeamȟ‫ڷ‬೺ᡝ੫ѓ໥ȞPackageTeamȟ‫ڏڷ‬тඁএ
ωಢ഍࡞ીዥ௑‫ཱིޟ‬Ֆ‫ڹ‬:D
‫ה‬ఖσড়૖ҥԪհ‫ޱ‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ЖՖ๖ව໠ۖȂΙ؏؏Ӵี౪ᕣ၌ Ubuntu Linux ೻
এжѴੀྛ‫ٮ‬१ᕕཱིҡȄ
ശࡣȂᗙ࢐ौᇳ‫ר‬ঈ‫ߔ᠍ޟ‬ຠȈ
Welcome to the Most Friendly Communitty in the World, Ubuntu@TaiwanȊ

Best Wishes,
Ubuntu@Taiwan Founder/Leader, BlueT.
--
/ 0x5296C7A8 /
/ matthew = BlueT /
/ matthew@BlueT.org /
/ Just be Perl Hacking! / ȞIRCnet #Kaohsiung.pmȟ
xxvi ௰ᙨ‫ו‬
 ԃ༑♼

ᇳଔ LinuxȂ࣏ϧቄོདҢ Linux ࿋ԙҁலҢ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗც‫ڹ‬ȉ೻൷ौ௃ඁԑࠉ

ᇳଔΟȊ࿋ਢ‫רޟ‬তΰσᏰԤΙଲυΟȂӵᏰਮ‫ޟ‬፞ζឈுฒ፸ȂՄиԤএ൐ԅ
ю౪ӵ‫ޟר‬သ੕၇࡞δΟȄ༣Ȃ٥൷࢐ LinuxȂ࿋ਢϚᇯᜋ Linux ‫רޟ‬Ȃӟຫϛ
ѫ‫ޣ‬ၾ Linux ԁ჋࢐Ң‫࢜پ‬મҢ‫ޟ‬ȉծȊLinux ই‫࢐ۻ‬ϧቄ‫ڹ‬ȉԁ‫ۉ‬Ж஼‫רޟ‬Ȃ
ζ൉᠍ၭտΡҢϚΙኺ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂ࿋ή൷ήΟΙএ‫ؚۡ‬ȊϚᆓ Linux ࢐ϧቄ‫ݍ‬ՙȂ
ΙۡौўᏰᏰࣼȊӵՂЈѽּ‫ޟ‬Ԋ௶Ȃω‫רך‬࿋Ο Lloyd Ղৱ‫ޟ‬ᏰҡȂՄиՂৱ
ఀ‫ ࢐ޟ‬DebianȂઍ࢐ᢚ୭ȊӵՂৱಠЖఀᏲᡱ‫ ڷר‬yenjinc ঈԤΟ࡞ԁ‫ޟ‬அᙃȂ
ுо໌Ι؏‫ޟ‬ᏰಬȄኵԑࡣϬЈω‫ך‬ឈுȂ‫ר‬ঈ௃Ղৱ٘ΰᏰ‫ڗ‬ശӻ‫࢐ޟ‬
OpenSource ‫ޟ‬ᆠડȊᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ڧ‬ઉϚЍȊᗶณ Linux ՌϏࣼਪ൷џоᏰོ‫ޟ‬ȂϚ
ႆৈѯ Lloyd Ղৱᇳႆ‫ޟ‬ΙѯၗψᏰ Linux ൷࢐ौӻҺོ Linux ‫݉ޟ‬Єϗԁ‫ޖ‬ωȄ
٥ਢঐ‫ר‬ঈඁএԤ Note Book ‫ޟ‬ӣᏰȂԤਢঐζོ਌๿ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬Note Book ю
‫پ‬ϣࣺ࣎᝺Ȅϣࣺଆ፣ӵ Linux ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Өᆍ୰ᚠȂᇳઍ‫ޟ‬ўΰ Lloyd Ղৱ‫ޟ‬፞
ШΰᏰਮ‫ޟ‬፞ᗙ໠ЖӻΟ ^ ^Ȃࡣ‫پ‬ζֆΨ‫ޟ‬ՃΟ LPICȄծ೻‫ٮ‬Ϛ૖ߢХ‫ר‬ᄇ
Linux ‫ޟ‬෾ఖȄܻ࢐ω‫רך‬ўΰΟ level 2 ‫ޟ‬፞แȂάӵՂЈ‫ޟ‬ѽּԊ௶ήȂতԁ
ўΰΟ Netman Ղৱ‫ޟ‬፞Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ω‫ٱרך‬ӑ҈᠙ႆ‫ޟ‬Ȃณࡣζ໌Ο TnLUG ࿋
वΨω‫ך‬ȂϚႆȊՂᄂᇳ‫ٮ‬Ϛव୨Ȃ࿋ਢѫ࢐ўշညൟӴȂᔓԔ‫ײ‬ᖿৱȄՄи
LMAN ߝᎆᗙོ፜Ӭ໻঻Ȋ‫ܚ‬оདौᄇ‫ޥ‬တԤ‫ܚ‬ଓᝦ‫݉ޟ‬ЄঈȂሂ‫פ‬ёΣ
TnLUGȂ൷ོԤσর፜Ӭ໻‫ڹ‬ȊϚႆ࿋ณौԤ‫ܚ‬пю঻Ȅ
xxviii հ‫וޱ‬ɯ‫؃‬ထ❼

௥๿ӵΙൟ PCMan ‫ ڗ‬TnLUG ᅋᖿ‫ޟ‬ൟԩȂᇯᜋΟ dbtsai , ‫ڍ‬Ρࣺघ਌๿ Note

Book ў‫ڪ‬୫ᢈಮЈȂӵ dbtsai ‫ޟ‬ᝎᇳϞή‫ؚۡ‬ၐҢ Ubuntu, ِήϞཎζ‫پؚۡ‬
ቸ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ਪȄӵ೻၇ઍ‫ޟ‬ौ੫տཐᗂ dbtsaiȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ࢐ dbtsai ଔΟᓞȂ൷Ϛ
ོԤ೻ҏਪ‫ޟ‬южΟȄՄ೻ҏਪ‫ׇޟ‬ԙζϚ࢐ѫᎬ‫ר‬ঈ‫ڍ‬Ρ‫ޟ‬Ψ໔Ȃӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ
ौཐᗂ Tim ӑҡȂ๝‫ר‬ঈ೻ԩю‫ޟގ‬ᐠོȄ
मᗂ
ཐᗂᔓԔሂገ‫ ޟ‬Haway ᇄӌᚶ‫ش‬ȂᗙԤ yenjinc ‫ޟ‬ገυȂlancetw ζඪ‫ټ‬ΟΙ
‫ٲ‬ՌϏ‫ٺ‬Ңΰ‫ޟ‬ཎَȂjserv σߝᎆ‫࢐؁‬ٚवȊ೿‫ޟۇ‬ᔓԔਮገែҡᆃ઎‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȃ
PCMan σরζ࢐ȂζᔓԔกၐਪΰ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ȄᗙԤ BlueTȂԁЄঙ Ubuntu TAIWAN
મߝȂᡱ‫ר‬ঈԤᐠོᄇ‫ޥ‬တԤ‫ܚ‬ଓᝦȄ࿋ณ᠅ȊϚ࢐ѫԤ೻‫݉ٲ‬ЄȂ‫ר‬ད೻এџ
૖ौӖএߒϗቸு‫ׇ֑‬ȄϚႆശ१ौ‫ޟ‬࿋ณ࢐༾༾Ȃٚव‫ޟ‬ώհઍ‫࡞ޟ‬ЖઃȂ‫ר‬
ѫ૖ᇳ౪ӵٙϚԁ፲୭Μ
ӵ೻၇‫ר‬ζौ੫տཐᗂ‫ޟר‬ԁЄᄸ࣡ȂԤΟۚ‫ޟ‬Ⴢᓾϗџоᡱ‫ࡻ஀ר‬ୈ‫ׇؐ‬Ј
‫ޟ‬ώհ ^_^Ȅ
ҏਪᝦ๝‫ޟר‬ҔᒑᇄӵЈΰЮᒑ
‫؃‬ထ❼ ducati lee ᙱम
ducati@ubuntu.org.tw
2006/11/20 ܻ ᄔϽ
 蔡東邦

在一年多前陽光燦爛的台南夏日，我開始構思寫一本有關 Debian 的書，當時

市面上大部份的 GNU/Linux 書籍都是介紹 RedHat 或者 Mandrake 這類使用 RPM

套件管 理系統的 Linux 發行版。所以當時我找幾個在成大實驗室的學長和學弟打

算在暑假合寫一本 Debian 書籍，但是年少輕狂，總覺得寫寫書是很容易的事，

當然這個計劃就僅止於打嘴炮的階段。

接下來準備研究所推甄，更是把這個計劃忘記了！直到推甄上後，在某一場研

討會認識了 ducati，我們常常帶著 Notebook 一起去咖啡廳討論最新的技術，等

熟了一點，我就試探性的問他是否有興趣合寫一本有關於 Debian 的書籍？他也

鑑於市面上 Debian 體系的書籍太少，就被我說服了。那一陣子，我開始使用 Apple

ibook，但是當時 Debian 要裝上去有點麻煩，很多細節需要自己手動設定，老是

讓記性不好的我弄很久。但是筆者又很喜歡 apt-get 系統，裝任何軟體只要一行

指令，就可以自動解決 Linux 相依性問題，找來找去，我就愛上 Ubuntu 了！

Ubuntu 有著和 Debian 一樣讓人稱道的套件管理系統，在安裝過程中又免除

Debian 需要凡事自己來的瑣碎，所以那時候立刻改成寫 Ubuntu 的書籍。現在想

想，當時真的是壓對寶了，尤其是目前 Ubuntu 已經變成了全世界最流行的發行

版之一，筆者看著它長大，特別有感觸。

接下來的半年，筆者和 ducati 開始構思書本要如何呈獻給讀者，如何把艱澀的

概念告訴讀者，而不是僅僅告訴讀者指令就是該這樣打，沒有為什麼！尤其筆者
xxx 作者序－蔡東邦

是學物理的，特別討厭沒有道理的事務，因此本書在我們兩位作者的構思下，將

會用故事和範例鋪陳整個架構，讓讀者可以知道為什麼要這樣做而不是只知道這

樣做就可以 work 。筆者認為這樣的寫作方式可以建立讀者正確的 GNU/Linux 學

習觀念，之後遇到問題可以觸類旁通。

筆者在章節上的規劃是先介紹 Ubuntu 的始祖 Debian，接下來介紹各種不同的

Ubuntu 分支和 Ubuntu 創立理念，讓讀者對於 Ubuntu 有充份的歷史背景知識。

接下來介紹 Ubuntu 的安裝方式，基本網路設定，和 Ubuntu 最 cool 方便的套

件管理系統。在書中，也有目前最流行的 3D 桌面安裝方式，果凍般的視窗效果

和可以旋轉的虛擬桌面，以及大部份 Linux 書籍很少提到的桌面應用，甚至是使

用 Linux 看有字幕的 avi 影片，這大概是真正的 Linux 社群玩家才會比較常接觸

到的。在書中我們探討了在 Linux 底下使用 wine 模擬玩 Windows 的《魔獸世界》

等遊戲，這也是本書和別本書比較不一樣的地方。

當然 GNU/Linux 的強項是在伺服器應用，所以本書也不例外介紹了 Apache ，

NFS、FTP、samba 和 DHCP 等常見的應用。尤其是 Apache 筆者引入的網頁壓

縮的技巧，配合 php 加速程式，在筆者的測試可以讓您的網頁快上個好幾倍，同

時上線人數大約可以多個二到三倍左右，依您的網頁型態而定。

在這麼多的內容中，筆者也在寫作中學習不少，尤其是很多前輩的指教，更讓

我獲益匪淺。如原本筆者在成大時的學長黃天祥，本來也是本書作者之一，無奈

因為成大資管博士班課業繁忙，最後無法參與本書撰寫。但是他在本書的寫作風

格和校閱方面，幫上了許多的忙。
 PREFACE xxxi

‫ޟר‬ԁӣᏰঙԁ݉Є༁ၑ‫ە‬Ȃष࢐‫ؠ‬ԤԂಠЖ‫ޟ‬ᔓ‫ר‬ॏғᒿԅȂ٥ቄ೻ҏਪ஠
ོԙ࣏ະરσП‫࠮ڐޟ‬ᒿԅ኿ྥጒ‫ٽ‬ਪȄ
ζौཐᗂ‫ޟר‬ԁ݉Є ducatiȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬௥ߖᄠገР‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂӰ࣏ԔܻᏰਮՃϚ‫ׇ‬
‫෈ޟ‬ϛՃ‫׽ڷ‬Ϛ‫ޟׇ‬հཾȂ‫ר‬ඁн‫ؠ‬ԤᔓΰϧቄԔȊष࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥт‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻ҏਪџ
૖ོฒ੽ՄತȄ
ཐᗂӨ՝ GNU/Linux ࣨ‫ࠉޟ‬ᎆȂࣼுଔ‫ר‬ঈ‫ܚ‬๿‫ޟ‬ਪȂ᜹ཎૉາ೨ӻЖΨ‫پ‬
ᔓ‫ר‬ঈਮገ‫ڷ‬ওғᒿᇲȂ‫ٮ‬и᜹ཎᔓ‫ר‬ঈቸ௰ᙨ‫ו‬ȄЎ‫ ࢐ڏ‬jservȂPCManȂന
র೻ඁএ‫ޥ‬တϛჁჁԤӪ‫ޟ‬ଽЙȂૉາ೨೨ӻӻ‫ۇޟ‬ఏ‫ޱ๋ڷ‬ঈଆ፣‫ڷ‬ଶᒿҏਪ
‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄ
BlueTɯUbuntu TW ‫ޟ‬મߝȂζඪ‫ټ‬Ο೨ӻ‫ޟ‬ၥྛᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ٺ‬ҢȂЎ‫ר࢐ڏ‬ঈ೻
ඁএΡலலΙଔെএωନȂಮಮҐ‫ پ‬Ubuntu ‫ีޟ‬৤Ȃ‫ۡ஀࢐؁‬Ο‫܄‬Ԫ‫ޟ‬ЄፗȄ
ᗂᗂѮσ‫ސ‬౩‫ ܚ‬307 ᆈΙՌಬࡉ‫ܚ‬Ԥഗբ‫࡙ר‬ႆवඎं‫ـ‬ҡРυ‫݉ޟ‬ЄȂᡱ‫ר‬
ӵवඎ‫ޟ‬ਢঐᗙџо࡞໠Ж‫ڷޟ‬σড়ଆ፣ђ፞Ȃ၌၌ඎȄ
ཐᗂΰ‫ۉ‬ю‫ ޥގ‬Tim ೅֔՗жӑҡȂᡱ‫ר‬ঈԤᐠོџо‫רװ‬ঈ‫ޟ‬Жுю‫ގ‬ԙΙ
ҏਪȂ‫ٮ‬иӵቸհ‫ޟ‬ႆแϛȂϚ֋ܻ๝ᇄࡾᏲȂ‫ٮ‬иலலᔓ‫ר‬ঈ၌‫ڷގ௶ؚ‬ቸհ
୰ᚠȄ
ҏਪᝦ๝ٚवᎴ‫רى‬ԙΡ‫ޟ‬ЮᒑᇄҔᒑ
ጾ‫ݍ‬٤ dbtsai@gmail.com
2006/11/20 Ѯѕ
xxxii հ‫וޱ‬ɯጾ‫ݍ‬٤
 Ubuntu GNU/Linux

Ubuntu ೻এ Linux ี՗‫ގ‬Ȃӵശߖऔആј᜞ЈΟȂູ‫ູپ‬ӻΡ‫ٺ‬ҢѺ‫ڥپ‬ф

Рல‫ޟ‬ώհ‫ڷ‬ӌཾթ݈Ꮲ‫ٺޟ‬ҢȄ٥ቄ‫ۻڗ‬ѺԤϧቄ៳Ψ‫ڹ‬ȉ Ѻ‫ޟ‬੫ᘈ൷࢐ᙏ
൐ܾҢȂ‫ڏ‬ϛശ१ौ‫ޟ‬ഋӋ࢐᝷‫ܛ‬Ο Debian ಀӻৈӇ‫ޟ‬ၥྛȂζ൷࢐σഋӋ
Debian ၇७Ԥ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ഍џоӵ Ubuntu ၇७‫ڗײ‬Ȅ‫ٮ‬и Ubuntu Ԥ๿‫ ڷ‬Debian
Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ᓺ‫ޟؾ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȂߑᏰ‫ޱ‬џоᘛಳΙૡี՗‫ގ‬Ԋ၆೺ᡝ‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬ඌჲ
‫ ڷ‬Debian ၇७ኺኺ೩ۡ഍ौՌϏ‫ޟپ‬ബྮȄζӰԪ Ubuntu ӵߑᏰ‫ޱ‬ϛᅚᅚऔ
Οଔ‫پ‬Ȃ೨ӻଽЙ࣏Οࣸ௬Ԋ၆೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ബྮȂζ໠ۖ‫ٺ‬Ң Ubuntu ΟȄ
ӫࡈం DistroWatch.com ഺ ৎ ᇨ ૭ ೚ ঍ Ϟ ӫ ࡈ ѵ ध ϯ գ Ժ ь
GNU/Linux distributionȂ‫ڭ‬ѷϵᅆԧৎ distribution இҍጤࠝ࢘ߞవԩȂԴӫ
ࡈߞవԩКȂUbuntu ࣏‫ݥ‬ఀᔝឯȄႤਫ਼ᇨ‫׬‬ऎ http://distrowatch.com
௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ஠ӑᄇҏਪкُ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ઠӑ Debian հΙ‫ٲ‬ϭಝȂ౳ത Ubuntu
࡞ӻ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬੫‫ڷܒ‬ᓺᘈ഍࢐᝷‫ ܻܛ‬DebianȄശࡣ๋‫ޱ‬஠ོ֙ວձঈȂ࣏ϧቄ
Ҭࠉ୽Ѵശዥߞ‫ ࢐ޟ‬Ubuntu Ȃᇄ୽ϱғӵ໠ۖࢺ՗‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ғ࢐ձঈശ‫ٹ‬
‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȄ
1-2 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

1.1 ෠ˌঠࣱůDebian

ყ 1.1 Debian Logo

ၗᇳ 1993 ԑ 8 Т 16 ဴȂDebian ॎგӵ Ian Murdock ‫ޟ‬ளሴήȂғԒ໠ۖၼ

հȄՄσড়‫ܖ‬೨ོԁ‫ۉ‬ȂDebian ೻এӪԅ࢐ࡩኺ‫ޟپ‬Ȅ೻࢐Ӱ࣏ Ian Murdock
‫ޟ‬Ղகѩհ DebraȂՄт࢐এߨலઃՂக‫ޟ‬ΡȂ‫ܚ‬о൷‫ڥ‬тՂகӪԅ‫ ࠉޟ‬3 এԅ
ҔȂDebȂӔ௃тՌϏ‫ޟ‬Ӫԅ‫ ڥ‬3 এԅҔȂIanȂӫଔ‫پ‬൷࢐ Debian ୨Ȋ
Debian ࢐Ιএ‫ׇ‬Ӓҥ‫ޥ‬တ‫ܚ‬ᆰ៖‫ ޟ‬Linux distributionȂѺधࡣϚ჋‫ڏ‬т‫ีޟ‬՗
‫ގ‬Ԥᕊցಢᙑ๝ᇄ‫ڞ‬օȄӰՄџоᇳ࢐ശୁ౑‫ڷ‬ᆠᙏ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux ‫ގ‬ҏȄՄ
Debian ശ࣏Ρ‫ܚ‬ᆎၾ‫࢐ޟ‬ᓺ‫ޟؾ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ڷ‬ᐌӫΟಀӻ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝȂζ
‫ٺ‬ு࡞ӻ Linux distribution ࢐ᘝ‫ڥ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ᓺᘈϷЛюўȄծ࢐ೝ࡞ӻΡၜ੾‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ
࢐ȂDebian ‫ޟ‬ᏰಬԢጣШၶଽȂ‫ٺ‬Ңᜲ࡙ζࣺᄇၶଽȂഅԙΟΣߞ‫ߞޟ‬ᘤ୑ଽȂ
‫ܚ‬оೝຜ࣏ၶ໌໦‫ ޟ‬Linux distributionȄ
षፙ‫ ڗ‬Debian ‫ڼޟ‬ӪПԒȂࠌ࢐࡞Ԥ፸‫ޟ‬ΙӇ‫ٱ‬Ȃԃߒ 1.1Ȅ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ีंޟ‬ф
ဴ഍࢐‫ٺ‬Ң Pixar ϴѧ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼หႫኇȮ‫ڎޖ‬ᖂଢ଼ষȯ၇७‫ޟ‬кُ‫ڼپ‬ӪȄ๋‫࡞ޱ‬ԁ
‫ۉ‬Ȃ࿋‫ܚ‬ԤُՓҢ‫ׇ‬ਢོࡩቄᒲ‫ڹ‬ȉՄ‫ގ‬ҏ൷࢐ғԒភюਢ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬фဴȂϚႆ
Ԥਢঐσড়ོ‫װ‬໠ีфဴ‫ގڷ‬ҏ౅ӵΙଔᖿȄՄ࣏ϧቄ Sid ࢐җሉ‫ޟ‬Ґ‫ڹپ‬ȉ٥
࢐Ӱ࣏ӵႫኇϛȂSid ࢐‫ڎޖ‬ತ๖‫ޱ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оσ྅࢐ҢѺ‫پ‬ຫ኉ᗙҐᛧۡȞunstableȟ
‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬໠ีфဴ֑Ȋஅҏΰ Ubuntu ࢐о Sid ‫پ‬հ‫ڏ‬அᙃȂ‫ٮ‬иёоᛧۡϽȂณ
ࡣӔёΰΙ‫ٲ‬ᐿԤ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ၇७‫ޟ‬แԒ࢐ሳཱི‫঻ޟ‬Ȋ
 1.1 ໠όઠৱɯDebian 1-3

ߒ 1.1 Debian ี৤ԑߒ

‫ގ‬ҏ ໠ีфဴ ភюਢ໢ ၏ಠජक़
1.1 Buzz Lightyear 1996 Ր 06 ѡ 17 џ ѐ෻ԍՐ्࣏щߩ‫އ‬
ߞߕ‫ۍ‬
1.2 Rex 1996 Ր 12 ѡ 12 џ ც዆ႆߞዷᔷ
1.3 Bo Peep 1997 Ր 06 ѡ 02 џ ც዆КߎտЃࠁѧ
2.0 Hamm 1998 Ր 07 ѡ 24 џ ዆ѯКߞЈᎩዡᆕ
2.1 Slink Dog 1999 Ր 03 ѡ 09 џ ዆ѯКߞߕ‫ߓۍ‬
2.2 Potato 2000 Ր 08 ѡ 15 џ ዆ ѯ К ߞ Potato
Head ԐӠ
3.0 Woody 2002 Ր 07 ѡ 19 џ ߕ‫ࠜ់ۍ‬१চȂ࣏ც዆
ѹ‫ڎ‬НϘ
3.1 Sarge 2005 Ր 06 ѡ 06 џ ᇥ֒ཬ፱ߕ‫ۍ‬Ѐֻߞ
঵ታ
3.2(ჰ‫)ܠ‬ Etch-a-Sketch ϭϘৎߍӎȂ੡༡ӏ‫ܠ‬ ዆ѯКߞߕ‫ۍ‬ག‫ޕ‬
๑ Sid Ӗቈߞӏ‫ڽ‬ ც዆Кߞߕ‫ۍ‬ೣຕ߰
ငႆ̈ӻԑ‫ีޟ‬৤ȂDebian ღ໥ёΣΟ೨ӻԤҢ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩แԒȂ‫ٽ‬ԃശԤӪ‫ޟ‬
APT ‫ف‬ಛȂᗙԤ࡞ӻᐿᐙΙቾտฒϷဴ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬แԒȄՄѺശ੫տ‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐Ѻ‫ڏڷ‬
тี՗‫ގ‬ѓόѓ੕‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ϚӣȂՄ࢐Ԥᘈ჋‫ޖ‬ዅଽᑖУΙኺȂौՌϏᄚᄚ࢜ᄺΰ
ўȂ೻࢐ᇄ GNU ΙೱՌҥ‫ޟ‬Й‫ݲ‬ᇄວࣺؑҽȂџᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᒵᐅՌϏ‫ܚ‬དौ၆‫ޟ‬Ȃ
ՄϚў஼फ़‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ΙۡौԊ၆Ȃ೻ζ࢐࣏ϧቄ Debian Ԋ၆ଔ‫پ‬Шၶᙏዓୁ౑‫ޟ‬
নӰȄծ࢐೻ኺஂஂዅ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃζ࢐ᡱ࡞ӻཱིЙࠓ؏‫ޟ‬নӰȄծ࢐ӵ೻̈ඁԑ‫پ‬
Debian Ϛᡐ‫ޟ‬ᆠડ࢐Ռҥᇄ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᛧۡ‫ܒ‬Ȃ೻൷࢐࣏դ୽Ѵ࡞ӻ୦ཾϴѧ‫ࢇڷ‬
‫ۺ‬ಢᙑ้‫ٺ‬Ң Debian ‫پ‬࿋հթ݈Ꮲ้ᔖҢȄ
‫ڹ‬ӡ Debian ߞᑟᝯԩඏȂҞண‫ڍ‬ѽϭᇨ‫׬‬Ȉ
http://www.debian.org/users/
1-4 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

‫ܖ‬೨Ҭࠉ‫ٺ‬Ң Debian ‫ޟ‬Ρኵᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ڏ‬тี՗‫ގ‬ҏӻȂծ Debian ‫ޟ‬དྷԁ‫ޱ‬σ

ഋӋ഍࢐Ԥငᡛ‫ޖޟ‬ড়ȂӰԪ๋‫ޱ‬ᇯ࣏ Debian ӵ‫ޥ‬တၥྛΰ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬Ȃ୲
Ι‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ࢐ᏰಬԢጣШၶଽȄ
೻ਢঐᄇߑᏰ‫ࡩޱ‬ቄᒲȉ๎ਰ࿋ณ൷࢐‫ר‬ঈ௥ή‫پ‬ौፙ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ୨ȊӰ࣏
Ubuntu Ԥ๿‫ ڷ‬Debian Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ᓺ‫ؾ‬ՖಛȂά٥ቄৠܾԊ၆ȂᄇཱིЙՂЙ഍ӫᎌȄ
ӰԪ൷ԤΡ୰ཆიᗙौԤ Debian ‫ڹ‬ȉಛΙσড়഍Ң Ubuntu ൷ԁ୨ȊϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬
ᇯ࣏Ȃ౳ത Ubuntu ࢐௃ Debian ϷЛՄ‫ޟپ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о Debian ΙۡԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬੫Փ‫ڷ‬
དྷԁ‫ޟ‬ΡȄ‫ޟ‬ጂ࢐ԃԪȂଽЙጛቔȂॶӵጛ੉Ȅ‫ܚ‬оौЀ‫ڗ‬ଽЙ઻ਢȂौӑ‫װ‬Ѵ
ђȞUbuntuȟጛԁȂӔ‫پ‬ጛϱђȞDebianȟȂϚณϱђҐԙȂ൷Ι‫ޢ‬ਚ҈Ȃ‫ؠ‬
јᘈѴђȂ൷ৠܾೝ҈ԫȞܹణ GNU/LinuxȟȄ‫ܚ‬о๋‫הޱ‬ఖσড়഍џоԃԪ‫ڗ‬
ႀϱѴ঍ও‫ޟ‬Њྃ஻έϜცࣨমȊ

1.2 ‫؛‬ϑଂ‫ݣ‬ĂUbuntu
1.2.1 Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ഺۖ

ყ 1.2 Mark Shuttleworth ӵ୽ሬЊުમ

 1.2 ‫ܛ‬ӑంࡣȂUbuntu 1-5

ყ 1.3 Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬౩‫܈‬ȂӣྛΙᡝ

Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ഺۖΡ Mark Shuttleworth ܻ 1973 ԑ 9 Т 18 РӵࠒߨюҡȂт᏿Ԥ

Cape Town σᏰ଒୛‫ڷ‬ॎᆗᐠ‫ف‬ಛᏰ՝ȄMark Shuttleworth ҏΡ࢐แԒ೩ॎৱȂ
ζ࢐ 90 ԑф Debian Ԟ෈‫ޟ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬ȄԞ෈т೩ॎΙ‫ٲ‬ᆩၯԊӒแԒȂ‫ٮ‬иӵ 1995
ԑԙҳΟ Thawte ϴѧȄ೻໢ϴѧкौᕊց࢐‫پ‬Ռܻኵ՝ᇯᜌ‫ڷ‬ᆩၯԊӒ้ཾ
୛ȂMark Shuttleworth ӵ 1999 ԑ 12 Т‫װ‬ϴѧ፲๝Ο VeriSignȂᕕுΟघ 5.6
ቇछߜȄᓍࡣтάԙҳΟ HBD Venture Capital ϴѧȂ௃‫ٱ‬Ι‫ॳٲ‬ᓎ‫׹‬ၥ‫ڷ‬౰ཾ
உᎴ‫ཾٱޟ‬Ȅӵ 2001 ԑȂтԙҳΟ Shuttleworth அߜོȂ೻এߨᕊց‫ܒ‬ಢᙑк
ौ࢐௰ଢ଼ࠒߨఀ‫ ڷى‬Open Source ‫ޟ‬௰ኄȄ༈‫࢐ޟۉ‬Ȃтӵ 2002 ԑ 4 Т 25 РȂ
Ռາ߆Ο‫ڍ‬ν࿲छߜȂསॸ߼ᛳ඼ Soyuz TM-34 Њު಻Ȃ‫ڗپ‬Ο୽ሬЊުમȂ
ԙ࣏ߨࢸΡϛ಑ΙএΰЊު‫ޟ‬Ȅ௥๿ Mark Shuttleworth ܻ 2004 ԑഺҳΟ
Canonical Ltd ϴѧȄ೻এϴѧᜓօԙҳΟ Ubuntu GNU/Linux ೻এี՗‫ގ‬ȄՄ
Mark Shuttleworth ౪ӵᇯ࣏ Ubuntu ࢐т౳ҡ‫ཾסޟ‬Ȃ࣏Ο૖‫ܚװ‬Ԥਢ໢഍‫׹‬Σ
Ubuntu ‫ีंޟ‬ȂтࣥՍ‫װ‬т‫ܚ‬Ԥ଒౰Һ๝டཾင౩Ρᆓ౩ȂᡱтϚҢᐊЖ౩଒
้ᚕ୛Ȅтܻ 2005 ԑάоΙν࿲छߜԙҳ Ubuntu அߜོհ࣏ၼհၥߜȂᡱ೻
এॎหџоӵ࿲Ι Canonical Ltd ϴѧฒ‫ݲ‬᝷៉Лධਢϫᙟџо໷ցၼհȄ
٥ቄ Ubuntu ೻এԅ‫ࡩۻڗ‬ኺ‫ڹޟپ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ೻࢐Ιএ࡞ѠՂ‫ࢸߨޟ‬ၗȂфߒ๿
ᄇΡϦཏȂӰ࣏‫ר‬ঈ࢐ӣྛΙᡝ‫ޟ‬Ȋ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu GNU/Linux ζ൷࢐ҏ๿೻ኺ‫ޟ‬
߬‫܈‬Ȃ‫پ‬࿋ԙԪี՗‫ีंޟގ‬ᆪሴȄӰԪ Mark Shuttleworth ߳ᜌᇳϚ፣ӌཾ‫ގ‬
1-6 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

ᗙ࢐এΡ‫ގ‬Ȃ഍җሉϚོԝາȄ‫ܚ‬о Canonical Ltd
ϴѧ஠оᒚၚ‫ڷ‬ӌཾ݈୛‫پ‬

հ࣏ᕊԝȄ
Ubuntu Ҭࠉ‫ؐۡھ‬ԑ 4 ТӋ‫ ڷ‬10 ТӋี՗ཱི‫ގ‬ȂՄиཱི‫ีޟގ‬՗‫ގ‬഍ӣ؏ѓ
֤࿋ਢശཱི‫ ޟ‬GNOME ຜๅ‫ف‬ಛȄѺ಑Ιএี՗‫ีގ‬՗Р෈࢐ 2004 ԑ 10 Т 20
РȂंีфဴ࢐ WartyȂ‫ގ‬ҏဴ࢐ 4.10ȄԤ፸‫࢐ޟ‬ȂѺؐএ‫ގ‬ҏဴጆಢԙ‫ޟ‬ᐌኵ
ഋӋ࢐ี՗‫ޟ‬ԑӋȂωኵഋӋ࢐ี՗‫ޟ‬ТӋȄծ࢐ᔖ၎ӵ 2006 ԑ 4 ี՗‫ ޟ‬6.04
‫ގ‬Ȃ࣏Ο‫׽‬๡ӻ୽ᇭ‫ف‬ЛධȂܻ࢐‫۽‬ᒶ‫ ڗ‬6 ТȂᡐԙΟ 6.06 ‫ގ‬ȂζӰԪ҈કΟ
ᄛ‫ٽ‬Ȅ
ߒ 1.2 Ubuntu ี৤ԑߒ
‫ގ‬ҏ ໠ีфဴ ភюਢ໢
4.10 warty (Warty Warthog) 2004 Ր 10 ѡ 20 џ
5.04 hoary (Hoary Hedgehog) 2005 Ր 04 ѡ 08 џ
5.10 breezy (Breezy Badger) 2005 Ր 10 ѡ 13 џ
6.06 dapper (Dapper Drake) 2006 Ր 06 ѡ 1 џ
6.10 edgy (Edgy Eft) 2006 Ր 10 ѡ 26 џ
๑ grumpy (Grumpy Groundhog) Ӗቈߞӏ‫ڽ‬
Ӱ࣏ Ubuntu ‫פ࡞ޟཱི؁‬ȂؐјԑюΙԩཱི‫ގ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оσഋϷ‫ޟ‬Ρོ‫ٺ‬ҢৈӇᆓ
౩‫ف‬ಛ‫فཱི؁پ‬ಛȄП‫ޢ࢐ݲ‬௥ও‫׽‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛϱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ގ‬ҏ‫ۡޟ‬ဎȂ‫ٽ‬ԃձন
‫ٺ࢐پ‬Ң 5.10ȞBreezy BadgerȟȂ౪ӵюΟཱི‫ޟ‬ᛧۡ‫ގ‬Ȃ6.06ȞDapper DrakeȟȂ
٥ձѫौ‫װ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛϱ‫ ޟ‬sources.list ᔬਰ၇७‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬breezy ԅಁ‫׽‬ԙ
dapperȂณࡣӔஈ՗ήӖࡾхȈ
$ sudo apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade

൷џо‫ٴ‬Ңձ‫فཱིޟ‬ಛ୨Ȋӵ೩ۡᔬ sources.list ၇७Ȃ‫ގ‬ҏ೩ۡ࢐Ң໠ีф

ဴ‫ޟ‬಑Ιএ൐ԅȂ‫ٽ‬ԃձ‫ٺ‬Ң 6.06Ȃ٥ቄӵ sources.list ᔖ၎࢐ۡဎԙ dapperȂ
‫ٮ‬иӒഋωቸȂ၏ಠП‫ོޱ๋ݲ‬ӵࡣ७ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ӴПᇳ݂Ȅ

http://www.canonical.com/
 1.2 ‫ܛ‬ӑంࡣȂUbuntu 1-7

೽லӵ Ubuntu ϱȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬഍࢐‫ٺ‬Ңᛧۡ‫ގ‬Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ձଽᑹ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоؐјԑҢ

ΰ७‫ޟ‬ПԒฒฮЀ઻Ȅӵ Ubuntu ϛȂ‫ٺ‬ҢϚᛧۡ‫ގޟ‬ҏᄇΙૡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ՄِȂ࢐
Ϛ࡚ដ‫ޟ‬ȄӰ࣏ Ubuntu юு࡞‫פ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оϚོԃ Debian ؐএᛧۡ‫ގ‬ႆ࡙ᝒᙱȃ
ኵԩ‫۽‬ᒶ௰юཱི‫ގ‬ҏȂоՍܻ೨ӻ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ு‫׽‬ҢϚᛧۡ‫ގޟ‬ҏȄӰԪȂฒџᗗջ
ӴȂUbuntu ؐএᛧۡភю‫ގ‬ҏ໢‫ܖ‬ӻ‫ܖ‬ЍོԆӵΙ‫ٲ‬࿃౸Ȃծџആႆ‫ف‬ಛЀ઻
ওғȄ࿋ณձζϚΙۡሯौؐјԑ‫ཱི؁‬ΙԩᐌএкᐠȂ௃ Dapper Drake ໠ۖȂ
Ubuntu ඪ‫ټ‬Οਹ७‫ ގ‬3 ԑ‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ ގ‬5 ԑ‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫ཱི݈؁‬୛Ȅ‫ܚ‬о൷ᆗձ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫؁‬
ཱི‫ڗ‬ശཱི‫ގ‬ȂԊӒ‫ޟܒ‬୰ᚠȂUbuntu Ιኺ഍ོᔓձ၌‫ؚ‬ോȊ

1.2.2 Ubuntu ಢӇ৲‫ޟ‬঱Ᏸ

Ӱ࣏ Ubuntu ॊҡܻ DebianȂ‫ܚ‬оζ࢐ᄇܻՌҥ࡞஀ࡻȂӰԪ‫ה‬ఖ‫װ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝ
‫ߨڷ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝܶ໠‫ܹپ‬ȄԤ‫࢐ٲ‬Ӱ࣏໠ีၥྛՃ໔ȂԤ‫ٲ‬ৈӇ࢐ӵ Debian ၇७
ԤȂծ࢐Ϛೝ Ubuntu ۢПЛධ‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬೎౩ПԒ࢐‫װ‬Ѻঈܶԙоή
ѲσкौಢӇ৲Ȃ᜸խ Debian ΙኺȂᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᒵᐅሯौȄ
mainȈσഋӋலҢ‫ޟ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝ഍ོԝጡӵ main ၇७Ȃ೻၇७‫ޟ֤ܚ‬೺ᡝ
ሯ ौ ‫ ׇ‬Ӓ ಒ ӫ Ubuntu ᄇ Ռ ҥ ೺ ᡝ ‫ ۡ ޟ‬ဎ Ȃ ၏ ಠ ೣ ۡ ፜ َ
http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/licensingȄӰԪ೽ல‫ٺ‬Ң main ൷џоᔖ
пРல‫ܚ‬ሯȄՄ main ၇७‫ܚ‬Ԥ೺ᡝȂ഍࢐ۢПЛධ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ஠ོ
ඪ‫ ټ‬main ‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫׬ڷཱི؁‬೚ЛධȄՄѺ‫ُޟ‬Փ‫ ڷ‬Debian ၇७‫ ޟ‬main ৯
ϚӻȄ
restrictedȈ၇७‫ߨ࢐ޟ֤ܚ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝȂ೽ல࢐Ϛϴ໠แԒጆ‫ޟ‬แԒ‫ޱܖ‬௲
᠌Ϛಒӫ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ौؑȄ‫ٽ‬ԃᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒ้้Ȅᗶณ࢐ߨՌҥ೺ᡝȂ
ծ࢐Ӱ࣏೻‫ٲ‬഍࢐Шၶ१ौ‫ߨޟ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ӵಒӫ၎೺ᡝ௲
᠌ήȂ஠ོ໌՗ᛧۡ‫ܒ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬กၐȂ‫ٮ‬ζඪ‫ټ‬ԊӒ‫ཱི؁‬ȄӰ࣏Ϛ࢐Ռҥ೺ᡝȂ
ζฒ‫ݲ‬ᄇনۖแԒጆհ౏ΣওғȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ӵႄ‫ڗ‬୰ᚠਢϚΙۡ૖၌
‫ؚ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оᆰ៖ࠢ፴‫ؠ‬Ԥ main ٥ቄԁȄӵਹ७ᔖҢϛȂᡗҰњёഀ៮ଢ଼แ
Ԓ‫ ޱܖ‬Flash Ѵ௮้഍࢐ѓӵ೻Ι᜸ৈӇ৲ϱȂӰԪਹ७‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬೽ல഍ོ
‫ٺ‬Ң Restricted ೻এಢӇ৲‫پ‬ቨёӻ൬ᡝЛධ‫ޟ‬૖ΨȄ
universe Ȉ೻၇७σഋϷ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ഍࢐Ռҥ೺ᡝȂՄиඁн഍࢐ѓ֤ӵ
Debian ၇७‫ ޟ‬main ϛȄծ࢐Ӱ࣏ΡΨΰ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ฒ‫ݲ‬ᒑՌ
ўѓ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇȂՄ࢐‫ޢ‬௥ҥ Debian ၇७‫׺‬ή‫پ‬१ཱིጡឍȂ‫ޢ࢐ޱܖ‬௥௃
1-8 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

ѴഋแԒጆՌଢ଼ጡឍю‫ޟپ‬ȄζӰԪȂUbuntu ฒ‫ݲ‬ᄇ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝৈӇඪ‫ټ‬
ғԒЛධȂUbuntu ᗶณԤඪ‫ټ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃծ࢐Ϛ߳ᜌ૖։ਢওғ‫ܖ‬૖
ᛧۡၼ՗Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ୽ϱ‫ޣ‬Ӫ‫ ޟ‬BBS ೿ጣ೺ᡝ PCManX ൷ܹӵ೻၇७Ȃ‫୽ܖ‬
ϱԤӪ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬แԒ gcin ζ࢐ѓ֤ӵ೻၇७Ȅ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ؠ‬ԤంҢ
universe ৈӇ৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬оདौҢ‫ޟ‬ΡுՌϏӵ sources.list ంҢȄ
multiverseȈ၇७‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ഍࢐ߨՌҥ೺ᡝȂծ࢐Ӱ࣏१ौ‫ܒ‬Ϛٗ‫ܖ‬௲᠌‫ޟ‬
ӰશȂ‫ܚ‬оܹӵ೻၇ȄՄ೻၇‫ޟ‬೺ᡝζ࢐ϚೝۢПғԒЛධ‫ޟ‬ȄՄ‫ڷ‬
universe ΙኺȂUbuntu Ⴑ೩ζ࢐‫ؠ‬ԤంҢѺȄ
ࠉ‫ڍ‬এ Main ‫ ڷ‬Restricted ࢐ۢПғԒЛධ‫ޟ‬ȂUniverse ‫ ڷ‬Multiverse ࢐Ϛೝ
ۢПғԒЛධ‫ޟ‬ȄՄ Restricted ‫ ڷ‬Multiverse ၇७࢐ non-free ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȄଶΟоΰ
೻ඁএಢӇ৲оѴȂѺᗙԤ‫ڏ‬тߣ឴‫ޟ‬ಢӇ৲ȄӰ࣏೻‫ٲ‬ಢӇ৲ӵᛧۡ‫ގ‬ю‫پ‬о
ࡣȂ൷ϚོӔ‫؁‬ଢ଼Ȃ‫ܚ‬о࿋Ԥᅓࢾ‫ޟ‬ਢঐࡩቄᒲȉ‫ޱܖ‬ԤΡᛅுؐјԑ഍‫ཱི؁‬Ι
ԩȂծ࢐άདौӵᙟ‫ ގ‬Ubuntu ၇७‫ٴ‬ҢΙ‫ٲ‬Шၶཱི‫ޟގ‬೺ᡝਢȂᖂϚ૖ՌϏጡ
ឍ‫ڷ‬ཤۡ library ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬оӵΰ७ѲσಢӇ৲Ȃ഍ԤоήέএϷЛȄ
securityȈᛧۡ‫ގ‬ҏғԒភюࡣȂԃ‫ݎ‬แԒԤ१σԊӒ‫ܒ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ஠ོ
ӵ೻၇‫ཱི؁‬Ȅ೻၇‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ཱི؁ޟ‬Ȃ೽ல࢐ࡾඪ‫ټ‬ᄇনۖแԒጆ‫ޟ‬ওғ‫ٮ‬१ཱི
ጡឍႆȄᗙ࢐ӣΙ‫ގ‬ҏȂ‫ܚ‬ођ૖ζϚོቨёȄӰ࣏ security ৈӇ৲࢐ବ
ᄇ‫ف‬ಛԊӒՄ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о၇७σഋӋ‫ཱི؁‬഍‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫فܖ‬ಛ࢜ᄺԤᜰȄՄ
೻এಢӇ৲Ⴑ೩࢐ೝ໠ం‫ޟ‬Ȅ
updates Ȉ೻ζ࢐ӵᛧۡ‫ގ‬ភюࡣȂඪ‫فټ‬ಛ‫ޟཱི؁‬ΙএПԒȄծ࢐‫ڷ‬
security Ϛӣ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ೻၇‫ܚ‬ୈ‫ཱི؁ޟ‬഍࢐‫ڷ‬ԊӒ‫ؠܒ‬ԤᜰȂՄ࢐‫ڷ‬แԒ‫ޟ‬
bug ࣺᜰȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ࢚ৈਹ७೺ᡝԤਢঐོ࿋௬ȂՄ೻এ࿋ณ‫فڷ‬ಛԊӒ‫ؠ‬ᜰ
߽ΟȂ೻ᆍ‫ཱི؁‬൷ོܹӵ೻၇Ȅ೻၇‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ڷཱི؁ޟ‬security ΙኺȂѫওғ
নۖጆȂ‫ٮ‬Ϛོቨёཱིђ૖Ȅ೻এಢӇ৲ζ࢐Ⴑ೩ೝ໠ం‫ޟ‬Ȅ
backportsȈ‫ٽ‬ԃ 6.06ȞDapperȟϛߣ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ࢐ Firefox 1.5.0.3Ȃ
ծ࢐ӵᛧۡ‫ގ‬ភюࡣȂζ೨೻ࢲਢ໢၇७ю౪Ο 1.5.1ȃ1.5.2ȃ1.5.3 ้‫ގ‬
ҏȂծ࢐ӵкৈӇ৲ϛ೺ᡝ࢐ΙۡϚོ‫ޟཱི؁‬ȂՄႱ೩໠ం‫ ޟ‬security ‫ܖ‬
updates ৈӇ৲ଶߨ࢐ԤԊӒ‫ޟܒ‬୰ᚠ‫࢐ޱܖ‬Ԥ‫ ٲ‬bugȂ֏ࠌϚོ‫ཱི؁‬Ȅ
൷ᆗ࢐Ӱ࣏ԊӒ‫ ܖܒ‬bug Մ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃζ೽லϚོ඲ԙཱི‫ޟގ‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬о backports
൷࢐࣏Ο၌‫ؚ‬೻ኺ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ໠ี‫ོޱ‬஠ཱི‫ޟގ‬೺ᡝ൷ོܹӵ backports
ϛȂᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ٺޱ‬Ңᙟ‫ีގ‬՗‫ގ‬ծ࢐џоҢ‫ڗ‬Шၶཱི‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄՄ೽லӵ
 1.2 ‫ܛ‬ӑంࡣȂUbuntu 1-9

ϛ‫ޟ‬แԒ഍࢐‫ڷ‬ਹ७ࣺᜰȂՄϚོў‫فڗཱི؁‬ಛ‫ܖ‬թ݈Ꮲ࢜
backports
ᄺȂ೻ኺϗ૖߳ᜌ‫ف‬ಛၼհᛧۡȄՄႱ೩ backports ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о
ौՌϏও‫ ׽‬sources.list ‫پ‬ంҢȄ

‫ڹ‬ӡ߰Ҟѽঋِౕؓ৹‫ڱ‬ഹᢜ་Ϣ backports Ȃႎ೟ᓱ‫ޱ‬ҞѽணᏦ

http://backports.ubuntuforums.org

1.2.3 ӨᆍϚӣ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ϷЛ

Ubuntu নӑភю‫ގޟ‬ҏ࢐Ⴑ೩௴Ң Gnome ೻ৈਹ७ᕗცȂծ࢐ӵ GNU/Linux
‫ޟ‬жࣨ၇७Ԥ೨ӻᆍ‫ޟ‬ਹ७‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ӱ࣏‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ວؑᇄ࢚‫ٺٲ‬Ң౩‫܈‬ϚӣȂ‫ܚ‬
о Ubuntu ҬࠉԤϤᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆‫ގ‬ҏџо‫ٺ‬ҢȄՄ೻ඁᆍԊ၆‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ಢӇ৲࢐
௴ҢΙኺ‫ޟ‬ȂѺঈџо௴ҢϚӣ‫ޟ‬ӎᆅ‫پ‬Ԋ၆ȂԊ၆ࡣ൷࢐Ⴑ೩࣏Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ॊҡ‫ގ‬
ҏȂӰ࣏௴Ңӣኺ‫ޟ‬ಢӇ৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձ࿋ณџоӵԊ၆ࡣϸ඲ԙտ‫ޟ‬ॊҡ‫ގ‬ҏȄᄂ
ሬΰӨএॊҡ‫ގ‬ҏ഍࢐оΙএѩհຎᔣৈӇ‫ޟ‬ৈӇѓ‫پ‬௡‫ڙ‬Ȅζ൷࢐٥এຎᔣৈ
Ӈ࢐ު‫ޟ‬Ȃծ࢐Ӱ࣏၇७೩ۡΟࣺ‫࡞ڗٷ‬ӻ၎ॊҡ‫ܚގ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ‫ܚ‬оԊ၆٥এ
ຎᔣৈӇȂ൷ོՌଢ଼‫װ‬၎ॊҡ‫ܚގ‬ԤৈӇ၆ଔ‫پ‬ȄԊ၆ПԒ൷࢐‫ٺ‬ҢৈӇᆓ౩แ
ԒȂ൷џሆᚬ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ԁΟমȊ࿋ณ೻࢐๝Ө՝Ιএ྅‫܈‬Ȃ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ᇳོ݂ӵࡣ
७ඪ‫ڗ‬Ȅ
Ubuntu ਹ७‫ف‬ಛȈ೻࢐ശкौ‫ޟ‬ॊҡৈӇȂ‫ٺ‬Ң Gnome ਹ७࣏அᙃȂζ
࢐ᐣѬശோδ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ρζ࢐ശӻ‫ޟ‬Ȅҏਪᐌএкᚠσमΰ഍࢐оѺ࣏
ϛЖȂ‫ܚ‬о࡚ដ᠞‫ޱ‬ӑ‫ࣼޖޖ‬೻এॊҡৈӇ֑ȊՄѺ‫ٷࣺޟ‬ຎᔣৈӇ൷࢐
ubuntu-desktopȂ‫ܚ‬оԃ‫ݎ‬ձौ௃‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ᕗცᙽԙ‫ٺ‬Ң GnomeȂ൷ѫौ
ήоήࡾхȂ‫ف‬ಛ൷ོᔓձ‫י‬ԁࣺᜰ೩ۡ‫ڷ‬Ԋ၆୨Ȋ
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

ყ 1.4
1-10 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

Kubuntu ਹ७‫ف‬ಛȈ೻এॊҡ‫ގ‬σ྅࢐ശዥߞ‫ޟ‬ȂѺ‫ٺ‬Ң KDEȞ൉᠍‫ٺ‬Ң

KDE ‫ޟ‬ΡоዉࢸΡШၶӻȂӰ࣏ KDE ൷࢐নҡܻዉࢸȄՄ Gnome ‫ޟ‬໠ี
‫ޱ‬ШၶӻӵछࢸȂ‫ܚ‬оछࢸΡ൷Шၶ൉᠍Ң Gnome ΟȟȄ‫پ‬࿋ԙਹ७ᕗ
ცȄ‫ܚ‬о Kubuntu ೻এॊҡ‫ގ‬ҏ࢐࣏Οᡱ٥‫ٲ‬Ϛ൉᠍ Gnome ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џ
оԤ၆ԁ൷࢐ KDE ‫ٺޟ‬Ңᕗც‫ีܚ‬՗‫ޟ‬ȄՄѺࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ຎᔣৈӇ࣏
kubuntu-desktopȂ‫ܚ‬оौ௃‫ڏ‬тᕗც၆ Kubuntu ѫौήоήࡾхȂ൷ོ
ΙϸᔓձཤۡΟȄ
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

ყ 1.5
Edubuntu ਹ७‫ف‬ಛȈEdubuntu ࢐ Ubuntu Linux ‫ޟ‬ఀ‫ى‬ϷЛ‫ގ‬ȄѺкौ‫ޟ‬
ວؑ࢐ఀ‫ٺى‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬о၇७Ԥ࡞ӻᆠЖࢅᒵ‫ޟ‬ఀ‫ࣺى‬ᜰৈӇȂ‫ڷ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ωၽ
ᔛ้Ȅড়၇७Ԥωࡆυ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџо‫׺‬ή‫ޖپ‬Ι‫ޖ‬ȄՄ࣏Οџоᡱఀৱঈ‫פ‬
ഀԊ၆‫ڗ‬Ⴋသఀࡉ‫ܖ‬Ԋ၆‫ڗ‬Ղᙟ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ၇ȂѺᗙ‫ٺ‬ҢΟ LTSP ‫׬‬೚Ȃџо
ᡱՂৱঈӵ฻฻‫ޟ‬Ιএωਢϱ࡚ҳᐌএႫသఀৱᕗცȄོԤ೻এϷЛ‫ޟ‬ন
Ӱ࢐ Mark Shuttleworth ۖತᄇఀ‫ى‬Ԥ๿ዥၖȂ‫ܚ‬от‫ה‬ఖ஠ Ubuntu Е໌
‫ߨࠒڗ‬৵༖‫ޟ‬ωࡆ٘ΰȂՄ‫ٺ‬ுтঈ૖Ᏸಬ‫׽ڷ‬ᡐ౪‫ޑ‬Ȅࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇ࢐
edubuntu-desktopȂ‫ܚ‬оौ௃‫ڏ‬тᕗცԊ၆ Edubuntu ѫौ҈оήࡾхȂ
൷џоΟȄ
sudo apt-get install edubuntu-desktop

ყ 1.6
 1.2 ‫ܛ‬ӑంࡣȂUbuntu 1-11

LTSPȞLinux Terminal Server Projectȟߞ๴ਣӫߞ࣏෩‫ڻ‬ԺৎЍ֯૭

Ҫ঑യᢖӯȂᅁቫഹᢜ۶঍ᇖԴ֨‫އ‬ᐡϯবȂϵҨஇ thin-clients ᑟۘȄҹߞ
Հ഍࣏Ѝ֯૭Ҟѽ‫ڹ‬ӡ࢝ց᚞ߞცၝȂԯऎЍ֯૭Ҫӡ‫ڽ‬ည XTerminalȂ‫ݙ‬
ѽϘзႤ࿚ൌ‫ݸ‬Դ֨‫އ‬ᐡϯȄഺৎўՑҞѽᢰᇯ৒՘ӎ۶ᇒನ՘ӎิь࢝
ԺȂ‫ݙ‬ѽપ‫־‬ᏋԪгҦ۶ᐯ੭‫ڹ‬ӡȄ

Xubuntu ਹ७‫ف‬ಛȈӰ࣏Ѻ௴ҢΟШၶሆ໔઻‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗც XfceȂ‫ܚ‬о೻এ

‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ວؑ࢐ବᄇШၶՂᙟ‫ޟ‬ႫသȄXfce ‫ޟ‬೩ॎ౩‫࢐܈‬෵Ѝ‫ٺ‬Ң‫فޟ‬ಛၥ
ྛȂ‫ٮ‬иԙ࣏Ιৈ‫ׇ‬ᐌџҢ‫ޟ‬ຜๅᆓ౩แԒȄՄѺ‫ٺ‬ҢΟ gtk 2.x ‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ
৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬оѺᄇܻ Gnome ΰ‫ޟ‬แԒࣺৠ‫࡞ܒ‬ԁȂࣥՍ೿ Xfce ‫ޟ‬շශкᚠζ
џᎌҢܻ Gnome ᔖҢแԒȄࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇ࢐ xubuntu-desktopȂ‫ܚ‬оौ௃
‫ڏ‬тᕗც၆ Xubuntu ѫौ҈оήࡾхȂ൷‫ׇ‬ԙ୨Ȋ
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

ყ 1.7
Server டҢ‫ގ‬ҏȈᎌӫӵթ݈Ꮲΰ७‫ٺ‬ҢȄ‫ٺ‬ҢԊ၆ӎᆅ໠ᐠࡣȂࣥՍԤ
Ιএᒵ໶џо‫פ‬ഀ଩ညԁ Apache + PHP + MySQLȂ‫ܚ‬оᄇܻሯौ࡞‫פ‬
‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ϱ၆ԁթ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ΡȂѺ࢐ΙএϚᒿ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȄ๋‫ޱ‬ϐင਌Ѻ‫پ‬၆ӵᏰ
ਮ‫ޟ‬ඁএσ࠮թ݈ᏢΰȂᇯ࣏Ѻ‫ޟ‬ᛧۡ‫࡞ܒ‬ԁȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ޱ‬Ԋ၆ӵ IBM
eServer xSeries 206 թ݈Ꮲѫ߆Ο‫ר‬घ 15 ϷមȂиѺ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ଩ညζ࢐࡞
ᙏ൐ȄႱ೩Ԋ၆‫ࡣׇ‬ѫԤМԅ዁ԒȂ‫ܚ‬оԃ‫ݎ‬ौ਌ Ubuntu Server ‫پ‬࿋ԙ
թ݈ᏢौԤᘈஅᙃȂՍЍौ‫ޣ‬ၾ೩ۡᔬࡩኺ೩ۡȄ࿋ณौ၆ΰਹ७‫ف‬ಛζ
࢐џо‫ޟ‬Ȃࣼձདौ‫ٺ‬Ң Gnome ‫ ܖ‬KDE ้Ȃࣺ߬ᄇ᠞‫ޱ‬Մِᔖ၎ϚᜲȄ

1.2.4 Ubuntu Лධ‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ฽ᡝ࢜ᄺ

GNU/Linux Ӱ࣏໠ܹনۖጆȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈџо࡞ৠܾӵϚӣҁѮΰጡឍ‫پ‬ၮҁ
ѮȄҬࠉ Ubuntu ϐငЛධΟѲᆍҁѮȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоຜሯौήၷϚӣ‫ޟ‬ҁѮ‫ގ‬ҏȄ
଄ுോȂ਌ᒿҁѮ‫ޟ‬ӎᆅ࢐Ϛ૖Ԋ၆໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ോȊ
1-12 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

PC (Intel x86)ȈҬࠉ᠞‫ޱ‬Ѵ७ີு‫ޟڗ‬Ⴋသඁн࢐ࣺৠܻ೻এҁѮȂѓ֤
Intel ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ ڷ‬AMD Ӓ‫ف‬Ӗ഍џоԊ၆Ȅ࡚ដཱིЙ‫ޱܖ‬Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾ‫ר‬ӵଆ፣ϧቄ
‫ޟ‬Ρ‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬Ң೻এ‫ގ‬ҏȂ߳ᜌΙۡџоເȊ
64-bit PC (AMD64)ȈϚौࣼ‫ ڗ‬AMD64 ൷о࣏ѫԤ AMD 64 ՝ϯ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ૖
ҢমȊӰ࣏೻এࡾх໱࢐ AMD ӑี݂‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оϗҢ AMD64 ‫پ‬࿋ӪᆎȄҬ
ࠉЛධ೻ᆍࡾх໱‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢԤ AMD K8ȃAMD Opteron Ӓ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ ڷ‬Intel EM64T
‫ ޟ‬CPUȄषӵਹ७ΰӈ୛‫ٺ‬Ң 64 ՝ϯհཾ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ၗȂԤ‫ؠٲ‬Ԥ໠ܹਿԒ
‫ޟ‬ኇа஠Ϛ૖ኬܹȂ‫ٮ‬иζ‫ؠ‬Ԥ Flash pluginȄծ೻‫ٲ‬Ⴋသ഍ࣺৠܻ 32 ՝
ϯ዁ԒȂ‫ܚ‬о๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដ६઻Ԋ၆ 32 ՝ϯ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛȂձོႄ‫ڗ‬ၶЍ‫ޟ‬ബ
ྮȄ࿋ณԤΡ࢐௴Ңӵ 64 ՝ϯհཾҁѮΰ࡚ҳΙএ 32 ՝ϯυ‫ف‬ಛȂณࡣ
ӔҢ chroot ‫ޟ‬ПԒўஈ՗೻‫ٲ‬೺ᡝȂ೻ኺџо߳Ԥ‫ڍ‬ኺᓺ༖ȂϚႆ೻Ϛӵ
‫ר‬ঈଆ፣‫ޟ‬ጒ൜ϱȄ
Mac (PowerPC)ȈApple ‫ٺ‬Ң PowerPC CPU ‫ޟ‬ႫသȂ഍ሯौԊ၆೻এ‫ގ‬
ҏȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ G3ȃG4 ‫ ڷ‬G5 ‫ف‬ӖȄ
Sun UltraSPARCȈ೻࢐࡞Ѝَ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢȂσഋӋѫҢӵᄂᡛࡉ‫ܖ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ӌཾ
ώհમ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

1.2.5 Ubuntu ᡝຮ‫ڍޟ‬ᆍԊ၆ПԒ

࡞ӻΡӵ௰ኄ GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ഍ོႄ‫ڗ‬Ιএ୰ᚠȂ୅ԃौᡱΡড়ࣼ
GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬ਢȂ഍ौԊ၆Ȃ٥Ϛ൷ЊബྮΟიȊ‫ޱܖ‬።‫ޣ‬ၾ Ubuntu ӫϚ
ӫ‫ר‬ҢߡȊԃ‫ݎ‬དौკၐ Kubuntu ‫ ܖ‬Edubuntu ഍ौӵԊ၆Ȃ٥Ϛ൷ЊಣΟიȊ
ཤϚԁԊ၆Οᗙོཤᚽন‫فޟپ‬ಛȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ᡝຮ‫ װޟ‬Live CD ‫ڷ‬Ԋ၆ӎᆅ
ᐌӫӵΙଔȄ‫ܚ‬оҢ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ӎᆅ໠ᐠࡣȂѺ൷‫ޢ‬௥໌‫ ڗ‬XwindowȂϚሯ
ौငႆԊ၆Ȃ൷џоკၐࣼࣼ Linux ‫ࡄޟ‬ΨমȊ೻এ྅‫܈‬Ԥᘈ᜸խ৤ҰаȂ࿋ձ
ၐҢឈு࡞ԁҢоࡣȂѫौᘈਹ७ΰԊ၆‫ޟ‬ყҰȂѺ൷џоԊ၆‫ڗ‬ձ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅΰ
୨Ȋ
Մԃ‫ݎ‬ձϚ൉᠍໌‫ ڗ‬Xwindow Live CD оࡣȂӔࡸਹ७ΰԊ၆‫ޟ‬ყҰ‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȃ
‫ޱܖ‬಑ΙᆍПԒԊ၆ѶఁȂUbuntu ζԤඪ‫ټ‬ѪѴΙᆍ༈ಛ዁Ԓ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȂζ൷࢐
સМԅϭ७‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ПԒȄ๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐൉᠍௴ҢМԅϭ७‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȃ೻ᆍԊ၆ПԒഀ࡙
Шၶ‫פ‬ȂШၶϚૉ‫ف‬ಛၥྛȂζ࢐ശ༈ಛ‫ޟ‬ПԒমȊ
 1.3 GNU/Linux Ᏸಬၥྛ 1-13

೻၇ୈΙএᖂ๖Ȃᗗջ᠞‫ޱ‬ଜѶӵΰक़‫ޟ‬டԤӪຠ‫ܖ‬೚ᇭϛȄᖿΟ٥ቄӻȂԤ
UbuntuȃKubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Xubuntu ้ϷЛȂଶΟ೻‫ٲ‬άଆ፣‫ڗ‬ϚӣҁѮȂՄϷտά
Ԥ AMD 64ȃx86 ‫ ڷ‬PowerPC ้Ȃؐᆍ഍ϷտԤ Install + Live CD ᐌӫӎᆅ‫ڷ‬М
ԅ዁ԒԊ၆ӎᆅȄ‫ܚ‬оᆗΙᆗ࡞ӻᆍӎᆅ iso ᐶᓃᔬџоήၷȂЈᐎு၎‫׺‬٥Ι
஻ӎᆅߡȊ࿋ณࣼ‫ࠉׇ‬७Ԥ྅‫ޟ܈‬᠞‫ޱ‬ȂџоᒵᐅՌϏ‫ޟ‬൉ԁ‫׺پ‬ȄՄᄇཱིܻЙ
‫࡚ר‬ដӑ‫ ޖ‬x86 ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ғಛ UbuntuȂζ൷࢐‫ۻ‬ή‫ڍ‬এ୨Ȋ
ubuntu-y.mm-desktop-i386.isoȈ೻এ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң Gnome ࿋ਹ७‫ ޟ‬Live CD +
Ԋ၆ᐌӫӎᆅȂܹ໌ў໠ᐠџоӵձԊ၆ࠉȂӑၐҢࣼࣼȄ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ၗȂᘈ
ਹ७ΰ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ყҰ൷џоԊ၆୨Ȋ
ubuntu-y.mm-alternate-i386.isoȈ೻࢐༈ಛ‫ޟ‬Мԅ዁Ԓϭ७Ԋ၆ӎᆅȂԊ
၆ࡣஅҏΰ‫ڷ‬ΰ७٥ΙаΙ዁ΙኺȄᗶณ೻а‫ؠ‬Ԥᅔ߫‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ϭ७Ȃծ࢐
Ԋ၆ഀ࡙ၶ‫פ‬Ȃᄇܻ฽ᡝࣺৠ‫ܒ‬ζШၶԁȄԃ‫ݎ‬Ңΰ७٥஻Ԥ୰ᚠȂџо
კၐࣼࣼ೻ΙаমȊ
y.mm ࣏ߍӎၳȂ‫ڼ‬ՂԴ edgy Кබ࣏ 6.10 Ȃϵබ࣏ y ࣏៖ҍߞՐȂ
mm ៖ҍߞѡԊȄ‫ݙ‬ѽഺৎ‫ڼ‬ЄߞᑵᔂԞᄊᕫߞᕫԩබ࣏ ubuntu-6.10-
desktop-i386.iso ۶ ubuntu-6.10-alternate-i386.iso

Մ‫ڥ‬ுۢПনኅӎᆅ‫ޱܖ‬௃ᆩၯΰήၷࢎ჋ᔬ‫ٮ‬иᐶᓃ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȃ‫ོר‬ӵࡣ७ᄚ
ᄚӴ֙ວձঈȂᆠி‫ޟ‬ӵࡣᓞ঵Ȋ

1.3 GNU/Linux ደ஬ཥປ

1.3.1 ၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ЖᄘᇄП‫ݲ‬
ᗶณᇳ GNU/Linux ࢐໠ܹনۖጆȂ‫ܚ‬оႄ‫ڗ‬ӈդ୰ᚠȂ౩፣ΰ഍џоў hack
‫ـंܖ‬নۖጆȂ൷џо‫ײ‬ю୰ᚠ‫ܚ‬ӵȄծϚ࢐ؐএΡ഍࢐แԒ೩ॎৱȂζϚ࢐഍
Ԥ໣௑໋मўं‫ـ‬แԒጆ֑ȊՄиσഋϷ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂϚ࢐แԒΰ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂՄ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң
‫ޱ‬ᐇհ‫ܖ‬೩ۡΰԤ୰ᚠȂϗᏲम‫ف‬ಛԤᒿȄ‫ܚ‬оӵ GNU/Linux ΰȂႄ‫ڗ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬
ၗȂԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂΙᆍ࢐แԒጆΰ७ҏ٘൷ԤᒿᇲȂѪѴΙᆍ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ՌϏϚོҢ‫ޟ‬
୰ᚠȂՄσഋӋ‫ٺ‬Ң‫࡞ޱ‬Ѝོў࿦‫ڗ‬নۖแԒ൷Ԥ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬оϚौνᒿ࿲
1-14 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

ᒿ഍࢐ GNU/Linux ᒿȂᐌЈҢܲࡪ‫ڏޟ‬ᄂ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥϧቄ࡚೩‫ޟܒ‬ȂσഋϷ‫ ޟ‬bug

࢐џо၌‫ޟؚ‬ȄӰ࣏ত໠ۖᏰಬ GNU/Linux ਢȂ೻࢐ձত௥ញ‫فޟ‬ಛȂ౳തσ
ഋϷ‫ޟ‬Ρ഍‫ٺ‬Ң MS Windows ԤΙσࢲਢ໢Ο֑Ȃζ഍ӻЍԤ‫ٲ‬ೝ‫ڙ‬घΟȂདᇳ
࢚এђ૖൷࢐೻ኺȂծ࢐೻ӵտ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛџ૖࢐ौҢտ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȅ
଄Ϛ଄ு࿋ԑձ໠ۖᏰಬ Windows ζ࢐߆Ο࡞ӻਢ໢‫ڹ‬Ȋ‫ܚ‬о፜Ө՝‫ٺ‬Ң
‫ޱ‬Ȃত໠ۖ‫ޟ‬ᏰಬԢጣ‫ܖ‬೨ଽΟΙᘈȂծ࢐ѫौञЖᏰಬȂོี౪࢐࡞Ԥ፸‫ޟ‬মȊ
٥ቄौԃդ၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠ‫ڹ‬ȉ࡞ӻΡ‫ޢ‬௥൷ོΰӨσଆ፣ў୰Ȃ࿋ณ୰୰ᚠ࢐࡞ԁ
‫ޟ‬Ȃ೻࢐џоᏰಬ‫ڷ‬ϣࣺଆ፣ϸጀ‫ޟ‬ПԒȄծ࢐࡞ӻலَ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ࢐σড়ϐငଆ፣
࡞ӻႇΟȂ‫ܚ‬оΰଆ፣ୢี୰оࠉȂ፜ӑཪ൶ࣼࣼ೻এ୰ᚠԤ‫ؠ‬ԤΡଆ፣ႆȂԤ
‫ؠ‬Ԥ၌๎Ȅषઍ‫ײޟ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ӵўଆ፣ୢၚ୰ȄՄӵၚ୰‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬ΰȂ፜ձ‫װ‬୰ᚠජक़
఼ཿȂϚौ୰٥ᆍ᠖ಛ‫ޱܖ‬σড়഍ཤϚ఼ཿձ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ၚ୰Ȅ
‫ٽ‬ԃձ୰এࡩቄ‫ޟר‬ᆩၯϚ૖ΰȂ೻এ୰ᚠনӰ࡞ӻȂџ૖࢐ձᆩၯњϚЛධ
LinuxȂIP ೩ۡᒿᇲȂᆩၯ ISP ೿ጣԤ୰ᚠ้Ȅծ࢐ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬୰ᇳࡩቄϚ
૖ΰΟȂശԁ࢐σড়Ԥᒲ‫ݲ‬Ңౠ‫ޟ‬ౠю࢐঺၇‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȊԃ‫ݎ‬ձᖿᇳձҢ WIN XP
џоғலΰᆩȂ٥ቄଆ፣ୢΰ‫ޟ‬ဎώঈ൷џо‫ޣ‬ၾᆩၯ࢐ԁ‫ޟ‬Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬ձζᖿΟᆩ
ၯњ࠮ဴȂ٥σড়ζџоᔓձࢥ٥༵ᆩၯњԤ‫ؠ‬ԤೝЛධȄԃ‫ݎ‬ԤЛධ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷
࡞݂ᡗ࢐೩ۡ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ଄ுȂᆩЄঈᔓօձ၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠ࢐ΙϷϚ਌‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձζϚ
૖஋ఖσড়ջາᔓձϧቄ഍‫ڗי‬ԁ֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬о୰୰ᚠࠉȂΙۡौୈΙ‫ٲ‬ђ፞ȂՍЍ
ौџо఼ཿ‫ޟ‬ජक़୰ᚠȂԃ‫ݎ‬೻‫ٲ‬഍ୈϚ‫ڗ‬Մད‫ٺ‬Ң GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ר‬ᇯ࣏
࢐ԤΞԙϚџ૖‫ޟ‬Ȋ٥഻ή‫ޟپ‬Ιԙ‫ڹ‬ȉ൷࢐߆ᓀີ݈୛ΟȂ౪ӵ࡞ӻϴѧ഍Ԥ
ඪ‫ۺڗټ‬၌‫ ؚ‬GNU/Linux ݈୛Ȃᙏ൐‫پ‬ᇳ൷࢐߆ᓀੑ‫خ‬୨ȊϚႆ೻൷Ιᘈ഍Ϛ
ԁ‫ޖ‬ΟȂϚ࢐༝ȉоήඪ‫ټ‬Ιএ၌‫ؚ‬୰ᚠ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ࢺแȄ
ඪ୰оࠉ‫ྥޟ‬രђ፞Ȉॶӑӑө Google σડ፜ఀȂ೽ல‫ר‬ႄ‫ڗ‬୰ᚠԤԻ
ϷϞΞ̈഍џоҢ Google ‫๎ڗײ‬ਰȄՄө Google ፜ఀ‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥ
ႄ‫ڗ‬ᒿᇲଉ਀Ȃ‫װ‬Ѻፒᇧຮΰ‫ڗ‬ᘲ។ᏢȂӔҢ Google ўࢥȂ೽ல഍џо
ࢥ‫ڗ‬Ȅԃ‫࢐ݎ‬Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾࡩኺ‫ٺ‬Ң೻᜸‫ޟ‬ȂШၶ֨ᜲΙᘈȂծ࢐џоၐ๿ӑཪ
൶ࣺᜰ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎȂࣼࣼԤ‫ؠ‬ԤΡԤ‫ׇ‬ᐌఀᏰȂ‫ޱܖ‬଩ӫనӇཪષȂ‫ײپ‬
‫ڗ‬ձौ‫ޟ‬၌๎Ȅ
ўӨσଆ፣ୢ‫ދދ‬МȈԃ‫ݎ‬ө Google ᗙࢥϚ‫ڗ‬Ȃ٥ቄџоў 1.3.2 ࿽ϛϭ
ಝ‫ޟ‬ᆩમȂӵ٥‫ދދ‬МണȂࣼԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥ᜸խ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄԃ‫ݎ‬оࠉϐငԤΡଆ፣ႆ
иϐငԤ၌๎ΟȂ‫ޢ‬௥Ӕ୰Ιԩ࢐࡞‫ؠ‬Ԥᙄᇼ‫ޟ‬Ȃζ࢐࡞੏າσড়‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȅ
 1.3 GNU/Linux Ᏸಬၥྛ 1-15

ඪю୰ᚠ‫֑پ‬Ȋԃ‫ࠉݎ‬७‫ޟ‬ПԒᗙ࢐‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬၌‫ؚ‬П‫ޟݲ‬ਢঐȂ൷џоඪю
୰ᚠ‫پ‬୨Ȋӑ‫װ‬ձ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘජक़఼ཿȂ‫ٽ‬ԃҢϧቄኺ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝȂձ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬
GNU/Linux ‫ގ‬ҏȂ‫ڷ‬Ι‫فٲ‬ಛकᓃᔬ‫ڷ‬ᒿᇲଉ਀Ȅณࡣ൷้ࣼࣼԤ‫ؠ‬ԤΡ
๝ձࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬၌๎Ȅ࿋ณ೻ϚΙོۡԤȂ‫ޱܖ‬ΙۡԤғጂ‫ޟ‬၌๎ȂӰ࣏տΡ
џ૖‫ؠ‬Ԥႄ‫ڗ‬೻এ୰ᚠȄ
‫ܚ‬оҢ GNU/Linux ᜲϚᜲȉϚᜲȂ൷ࣼձ‫ޟ‬ЖᄘΟȊ‫ܚ‬о๋‫הޱ‬ఖӨ՝ࣼॺ
џоӻӻᄂሬᐇհȂ‫ٮ‬иӵᆩၯΰኄ‫ݿ‬Ꭷ᠞ࣺᜰМӇȂ೻ኺџоஉᎴᄇܻ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬
ࣼ‫ޢڷݲ‬ឈȄ‫ٮ‬иџоӻΰΰଆ፣ୢ‫ڷ‬Ρଆ፣Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ႄ‫ڗ‬ՌϏོ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂζϚሯ
ौᙠ‫ؽ‬ȂӻӻᔓΡ၌๎Ȅ೻ኺζџоఀᏰࣺߝȂζོӵӱ๎‫ޟ‬ႆแϛȂᡱձ‫ܚޟ‬
Ᏸ‫؁‬ёᆠྰȊԃԪ๋‫෈ޱ‬೨Ө՝᠞‫ޱ‬഍џоԙ࣏Ռ‫ר‬Ᏸಬ‫ڷ‬ዅ࣏օΡ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu
டড়Ȅ

1.3.2 ᆩમ
ᆩၯΰԤ೨ӻϚᒿ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux ၥਟ‫ڷ‬ଆ፣ୢȂ࣏ΟП߯᠞‫ޱ‬ષЕȂ‫ר‬஠Ө
ᆍᆩમၥྛϷߞտ᜸‫ޟ‬ᐌ౩ΟΙήȄՄ᠞‫ޱ‬ႄ‫ڗ‬Ο୰ᚠȂζџоຜ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ᆍ᜸‫پ‬
ᒵᐅή७ᆩમ‫پ‬ཪ൶๎ਰȄ
ϛМࣺᜰᆩમ
Ubuntu ғᡝϛМમ - http://www.ubuntu.org.tw
೻၇࢐ Ubuntu ‫ޥޟ‬တϛМଆ፣ୢȂ၇७லலོԤΙ‫ ڷٲ‬Ubuntu ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰཱི
ᆸȂ࿋ณζԤ࡞ӻΡӵΰ७ଆ፣ࣺᜰ୰ᚠȄՄ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆ dbtsai ೻এф
ဴ‫רڗײ‬Ȅ
Ubuntu ғᡝϛМ wiki - http://wiki.ubuntu.org.tw
ᆰஅԻऋ೻এ࢜ᄺӵശߖູ‫ູپ‬औΟȂѺϰ೨ӈཎ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬഍џоও‫׽‬ΰ७
‫ޟ‬МണȂ๖ӫ‫ޥ‬တ‫ޟ‬Ψ໔Ȃ‫پ‬ᐌ౩ю‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬МӇȄՄ೻এમ൷࢐‫ٺ‬ҢӣΙ
এ࢜ᄺȄᗶณ೻၇ϗত໠ۖે૆Ȃծ࢐೻၇࢐Ιএ࡞Ռҥ‫ޟ‬жࣨȂ෈೨᠞
‫ޱ‬џоӵΰ७ᕕுԤҢ‫ޟ‬ၥਟȂ‫ٮ‬и‫װ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ԙ‫ݎ‬ӵΰ७Ϸ‫ٴ‬໠‫پ‬Ȋ
ߨۢП Ubuntu ཱིЙࡾࠒ - http://www.ubuntu.org.tw/ubguide/
၇७‫ߒޟ‬ႀПԒԤᘈ჋ FAQȂ൷࢐Ѻོӵࠉ७ӖюΙσஂ୰ᚠȂณࡣձࡸ
໌ў൷ོԤ၌๎Ȅ၇७‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ഍࢐ବᄇཱིЙலலႄ‫ޟڗ‬௑‫پݷ‬ӱ๎Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ
1-16 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

ौࡩኺԊ၆ኇаኬܹแԒȂ‫ޱܖ‬ԃդԊ၆ Skype ้้୰ᚠȂζԤఀ᠞‫ࡩޱ‬

ኺԊ၆ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒ้Ȅ
ኞԜᏰ༪ଆ፣ୢ - http://moto.debian.org.tw
೻၇࢐ Debian ‫ޥ‬တ‫ޟ‬ଆ፣ୢȂӰ࣏ Ubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Debian ҏ࢐ᒑ௝Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻
၇ζ࡞঄ுΙࣼমȊՄи೻၇७ଽЙ໴໱Ȃ๘ᄇџоᡱձᏰ‫ݍڗ‬ՙ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
DebianWiki ϛМમ - http://wiki.debian.org.tw
ζ࢐ wiki ࢜ᄺȂ໌ўоࡣȂᘈȶ‫ޥ‬တӓ๋ષЕȷȂ၇७Ԥ࡞ӻԤҢ‫ޟ‬ၥ
ଉȄЎ‫࢐ڏ‬թ݈ᏢᔖҢΰ‫ޟ‬೩ۡПԒ‫ࣺ࢐؁‬ᜰȂ‫ܚ‬оདौ‫ װ‬Ubuntu ࿋ԙ
թ݈Ꮲ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃџо୤Ճ೻၇Ԥᜰ೩ۡȄ
Debian ୤ՃЙы - http://qref.sourceforge.net/
၇७ඪ‫ټ‬Οσ໔‫ ޟ‬Debian shell-command ᄂሬᔖҢȂ‫ٮ‬иζѓ֤Ο‫ف‬ಛ
ᆓ౩‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬ᇄᄂհȄ၇७ొᇐ‫ޟ‬кᚠԤ Debian ‫ޟ‬அҏ྅‫܈‬Ȃԃդѓ၆೺
ᡝѓȂԃդӵࡾх዁ԒήԊ၆೺ᡝȂ‫ٮ‬ఀᏲձԃդՌ՗ጡឍಒӫ Debian
deb ‫ ޟ‬Linux Kernel ਯЖ೺ᡝѓȂζԤ‫ف‬ಛਝ૖ཌ፡Ȃ‫ڷ‬ᆩၯЅแԒ೩ॎ
้ࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ኄ‫ݿ‬ᚠ؅ȄӰ࣏၇७‫ܚ‬ፙ‫ޟ‬഍࢐‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ‫ڷ‬Шၶ໌໦‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ‫ܚ‬
оϱৠ഍‫ڷ‬ᄂሬӵ Ubuntu ΰ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬σӣω౴Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬དौ໌Ι؏Ο၌
ձ‫ ޟ‬UbuntuȂџоၐ๿ў᠞ࣼࣼȄՄ၇७ԤϷ࡞ӻ୽ড়ᇭِȂ࿋ณ᠞‫ޱ‬
൷ᒵᖅᡝϛМ൷ԁΟȂ‫ٮ‬иζඪ‫ټ‬ᆩॲ‫ ڷގ‬PDF ‫ގ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬џоຜሯؑ
ᒵᐅȄ
നর‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ܘؽ‬ຊ - http://www.vbird.org
೻࢐നর࣏Οौ٩ХՌϏ‫ן‬௬‫ܚ‬ᏰՄ‫ܚ‬ୈ‫๋ޟ‬଄ȄӰ࣏т‫๋ޟ‬଄࡞рಠȂ
‫ܚ‬оᄇܻߑᏰ‫ޱ‬ᔓօ࡞σȂ‫ܚ‬о౪ӵऔആјЈΟȄծ࢐тᄙ඗‫ܚװޟ‬Ԥϱ
ৠᡱӵᆩၯΰ๝Ρড়୤ᎧȄՄ၇७ᄇܻΙ‫ٲ‬அҏࡾх‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ȃ഍Ԥ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬
ϭಝȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ tar ೻এᔆᕻࡾхт൷Ԥ၏ಠቸюӨএ୤ኵ‫ޟ‬ཎဎȄ‫ܚ‬оᄇМ
ԅ዁Ԓᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ྅‫ޟ܈‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃџо‫پ‬೻᜞ࣼࣼȄ‫ޱܖ‬ϐင‫ޣ‬ၾ٥ӵཆი‫ޟ‬Ȃ
ծ࢐லல‫ן‬Οωಠ࿽‫ޟ‬ΡȂζџоӵ೻၇ࢥ‫ׇڗ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ȅ
Study Area ሗȊᏰ༪ - http://www.study-area.org
೻၇ԙҳ‫ޟ‬Ҭ‫࢐ޟ‬ᔓΙ‫ཱིٲ‬Й௃அᙃ྅‫܈‬ᏰଔȂ‫ٮ‬иள๝᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏࡦՃ‫ڷ‬
Ᏸಬ‫ޟ‬૖ΨȄՄ೻၇‫ޟ‬ଆ፣ୢ http://phorum.study-area.org ၇७Ԥ࡞ӻዥ
ЖօΡ‫ޟ‬ଽЙȂ‫ܚ‬оԤުџо‫پ‬೻၇ӻӻ‫ڷ‬тঈϸጀ୨Ȋ
 1.3 GNU/Linux Ᏸಬၥྛ 1-17

़Мࣺᜰᆩમ
Ubuntu ़МۢПᆩમ - http://www.ubuntu.com
೻ϚҢӻᇳ֑Ȋ೻࢐ Ubuntu ‫ۢޟ‬ПᆩમȂ၇७ོԤࣺᜰܻ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ശཱི
ੑ਀‫ࣺڷ‬ᜰၥྛȄ
Ubuntu ۢПଆ፣ୢ - http://www.ubuntuforums.org
ԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ‫़ܐ‬М‫ޟ‬ၗȂџо‫ڗ‬೻၇୤ᇄଆ፣Ȅ‫܁܁‬ӵϛМଆ፣ୢ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫๎ޟڗ‬
ਰȂԤਢঐӵ೻၇џоี౪ȄՄи೻၇‫ܚ‬ଆ፣‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂζ࢐ШϛМ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ
ᗙौ‫פ‬Ι‫ٲ‬Ȅ
Ubuntu ۢП wiki
๿ Ubuntu ӵ୽Ѵ‫ࢺޟ‬՗Ȃ‫ޥ‬တี৤ζРઉऽֵȂӰԪ೻ᆍо‫ޥ‬တ‫࡚پ‬ᄺ
МӇ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂӵ़М Ubuntu wiki МӇ‫࡙౏ޟ‬ᇄኄ࡙Рઉ‫ׇ‬ᐌȄ᠞‫ޱ‬џо
ӵ೻၇‫ڥ‬ுΡড়ᐌ౩ԁശཱི‫ޟ‬МӇȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬࿋ձϚདҢଆ፣ୢΰ‫ޟ‬ኵᆍП
‫ݲ‬Ȃ໌Մᄚᄚၐю঺ᆍ࢐ശ‫ٹ‬ПਰȂ٥ቄџо‫ڗپ‬೻၇Ȃ‫ڥ‬ு‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬
HOWTOȄՄԃ‫רݎ‬ौ‫ ײ‬XGL ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆‫ٺڷ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȃ൷ཪ൶ XGLȂณࡣ൷џ
о‫ࣺڗײ‬ᜰМӇȂ၇७ོԤ၏ಠ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ᇳ݂Ȅ

1.3.3 IRC ։ਢಮЈࡉ

IRC ‫ޟ‬ӒӪ࢐ Internet Relay ChatȂζ൷࢐ᆩሬᆩၯϛ᝷ಮЈࡉȄѺкौ‫ޟ‬ђ
૖࢐ҢӵတᡝಮЈȂծѺζЛධΙᄇΙಮЈ‫ޟ‬዁ԒȄѺ‫ޟ‬ၼհПԒ࢐ആႆᆩၯ೿
ጣ‫ڗ‬Ιএ IRC թ݈ᏢȂ೽ல࢐ϚሯौຝыȂծ࢐ձ҆໸ौԤՌϏ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ኹᆎȄ೿
ጣ‫ڗ‬թ݈ᏢоࡣȂ‫ר‬ঈ൷џоёΣՌϏ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ȶᓜၾȷȞchannelsȟ‫پ‬୤ᇄଆ፣Ȅ
೽லσഋϷ‫ޟ‬Ռҥ೺ᡝॎგ‫ޟ‬แԒ೩ॎৱ഍൉᠍ӵ IRC ΰಮЈଆ፣Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻၇
џо‫ޢ‬௥‫ڷ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬Ԥᄇၗ‫ޟ‬ᆓၾȄѺШ፣ᏫᗙП߯‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐ IRC ࢐։ਢ‫ޟ‬Ȃζ൷
࢐Ϛ჋፣Ꮻሯौ้Ρড়ӱ᙭Ȃ‫ܚ‬оଆ፣ଔ‫پ‬ਝ౥࢐Шၶԁ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
ӵ Linux லҢ‫ࡊޟ‬ИᆒแԒԤ Gaim ‫ ڷ‬XChat ้ȂՄ MSWindows ၇७σড়ல
Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬mIRCȂӵ GNU/Linux ၇७೿ IRC ‫ޟ‬ПԒ஠ོӵࡣ७ඪЅȊ
1-18 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux

ϛМࣺᜰ IRC

Ubuntu Ѯᢊ IRC - թ݈ᏢȈirc.freenode.net ᓜၾȈ #ubuntu-tw

೻၇࢐Ѯᢊ Ubuntu ‫ޥ‬တ‫࡚ܚ‬ҳ‫ ޟ‬IRCȂ၇७ଆ፣кौ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң UTF-8 ጡጆȂ
‫ܚ‬оտ೩ᒿጡጆΟȂϚณσড়ོࣼϚᔗձӵಮϧቄমȊ
Debian Ѯᢊ IRC - թ݈ᏢȈ irc.debian.org ᓜၾȈ#dot
࢐Ѯᢊ Debian ‫ޥ‬တ‫࡚ܚ‬ҳ‫ ޟ‬IRCȂζ࢐௴Ң UTF-8 ጡጆȂ೻၇ଽЙ໴໱Ȃ
ࣼࣼտΡӵಮϧቄ഍࡞঄ுȄ
़Мࣺᜰ IRC

Ubuntu ۢП IRC - թ݈ᏢȈirc.freenode.net ᓜၾȈ#ubuntu

೻࢐ Ubuntu ۢП‫ ޟ‬IRC ಮЈࡉȂ࿋ณΙ‫ ٲ‬Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬ζོӵ೻၇
ࢺ೿ΟȄ
Debian ۢП IRC - թ݈ᏢȈ irc.debian.org ᓜၾȈ #debian
೻࢐ Debian ۢП‫ ޟ‬IRC ಮЈࡉȂΰ७Ρ੉࡞౾ȂΙ‫ٲ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬഍ོ௮ӵΰ
७Ȅ

1.3.4 ԃդඪൢᒿᇲ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ઍ‫ޟ‬ႄ‫࢐ڗ‬೺ᡝᒿᇲȂ࿋ณौඪൢ๝໠ี‫ޱ‬ওғ୨Ȋ೻ԤඁএᆓၾȂձџ
оඪൢ๝ശনۖ‫ޟ‬แԒ೩ॎৱȂ‫࢐ޱܖ‬ඪൢ๝೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ѓ၆‫ޱ‬ȄԤਢঐแԒጆ࢐ғ
ጂ‫ޟ‬Ȃծ࢐୰ᚠ࢐Ӱ࣏೺ᡝѓ၆‫ޱ‬ѓ၆ᒿᇲȂ‫ܚ‬о೻ਢঐ൷ᆗӱൢ๝แԒ೩ॎৱ
ζ‫ؠ‬Ң֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬оႄ‫ڗ‬೻П७‫ ޟ‬bugȂџоӑΰ IRC ‫ܖ‬ଆ፣ୢ‫ڷ‬տΡଆ፣ΙήȂጂ
ۡ‫ٮ‬иᚄ఼୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬নӰࡣȂձ൷џоആႆӨᆍᆓၾ‫پ‬ІᔖᒿᇲȊ
өৈӇ‫ޟ‬ѓ၆‫ޱ‬ඪൢᒿᇲȂԃ‫࢐ݎ‬Ӱ࣏নۖแԒጆԤ୰ᚠȂ೽லৈӇѓ၆‫ོޱ‬
ᔓԔф࣏೽‫ܖޣ‬๝ᇄওғȄՄԃ‫࢐ݎ‬Ӱ࣏ѓ၆ਢԤᒿᇲȂтζџо๝ᇄ‫؁‬ғȄՄ
Ubuntu ࣏ΟᙏϽ೻‫ٲ‬ඪൢࢺแȂ੫տԙҳΟ https://launchpad.net ೻এᆩમȄ
тᐌӫΟඪൢᒿᇲȂᙚឍ‫ڷ‬แԒጆ໠ี้൐ΙᐌӫๅοȂζ൷૖ᙏϽंีࢺแȄ
Մԃ‫ݎ‬ձጂۡ࢐Ԥ bug ‫ޟ‬ၗȂձ҆໸ӑຝыΙএழဴȂณࡣิΣࡣȂᒵᐅձႄ‫ڗ‬
Ԥᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ‫ٮ‬и‫װ‬၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲජक़ю‫پ‬Ȅձџоӻ‫ײ‬ඁএΡўፒᜌᒿᇲȂ٥
ኺ໠ี‫װོޱ‬Ѻಋ‫ڗ‬Шၶᓺӑ೎౩‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲȄ
 1.3 GNU/Linux Ᏸಬၥྛ 1-19

ᗙԤΙᆍПԒ࢐џоቸ߬๝ package ᆰ៖‫ޱ‬Ȃձѫौήоήࡾх

$ apt-cache show $<$package$>$

٥൷џоࢥၚ‫ ڗ‬maintainer ‫ ޟ‬E-mailȂ‫ܚ‬оձζџоቸ߬๝тȄ೻এПԒඪൢ

‫ޟ‬ᄇຫ‫ڷ‬ΰ७ࣺӣȂ഍࢐೺ᡝѓ‫ޟ‬ѓ၆‫ޱ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ Ubuntu ‫ ࢐ޱܖ‬Debian ‫ޟ‬໠
ี‫ޱ‬Ȅ
࿋ณԃ‫ݎ‬ձጂۡ࢐নۖแԒጆ൷Ԥ bugȂձζџо‫ޢ‬௥ቸ߬๝নۖแԒ೩ॎ
ৱȂ೽லт‫ ޟ‬E-mail џоӵᆩၯ‫ܖ‬೺ᡝЙыΰ࡞ৠܾ‫ڗײ‬Ȅ

1.3.5 ᖒ๜๋‫ޱ‬
೻ҏਪ࢐ۡ՝๝ߑᏰ‫ޱܖޱ‬ϛ໦᠞‫ޱ‬հ࣏ Ubuntu Σߞ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬ζ᠅ল
ΟΙᘈȂᖿ࡞ӻ࢈‫ٱ‬Ȃ‫ה‬ఖ᠞‫ޱ‬૖௃ਲ਼ҏᕣ၌ȂՄϚ࢐ѫԤ฽ҡҡ‫ࡾޟ‬хȂྱ๿
҈ՄᏲमϚ‫ܚڏޣ‬ณȄ‫ה‬ఖ๋‫װޱ‬धࡣ‫ޟ‬ΡМधශϭಝ๝ձঈȂџоᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬ᡝོ
Ռҥ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᆠᡜȂ໌ՄԤ૖ΨՌ‫ר‬ᆠ໌Ȅծ࢐‫ݍ‬ՙΙӻȂᜲջོԤᒿᇲ‫ޱܖ‬᜝Ϛ
ႀཎȂӰԪ᠞‫ޱ‬ԃ‫ݎ‬ᄇਪ၇७‫ޟ‬ϱৠԤ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ᠍ߔቸ߬๝๋‫ޱ‬ଆ፣Ȃ‫ٮ‬иζ
᠍ߔ᠞‫׳ޟޱ‬ຟ‫ࡾڷ‬ఀȄ
ጾ‫ݍ‬٤ - dbtsai@gmail.com
‫؃‬ထ❼ - ducati@ubuntu.org.tw
ଶԪϞѴȂҏਪ‫ޟ‬ଡ଼ᇲߒоЅശཱིၥଉџоӵή७‫ܚ‬ӖϞᆩ֭‫ڗײ‬Ȉ
http://www.ubuntu.org.tw/modules/newbb/viewforum.php?forum=25
1-20 ಑1ണ Ubuntu GNU/Linux
 Њཆ‫܉‬ລర

ࣺ߬Ө՝᠞‫ڗࣼޱ‬೻၇ȂΙۡफ़ϚЅ࡟དკၐࣼࣼΟ֑Ȋծ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐ுौ฿
ཌϭಝΙή฽ᡝሯؑȃஅҏ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux ‫ޣ‬ᜋ‫ڷ‬ԃդ‫ڥ‬ுӎᆅ้Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬഍ོӵ
Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ႆแϛࣂΰҢൟോȊ‫ܚ‬о೻Ιണџоࣼԙ࢐Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋȂौఀσড়ࡩቄኺᒱ
տ฽ᡝ࢐֏Лධȃ၎ԃդўࢅᒵΙএԤЛධ‫ ޟ‬3D ёഀњȂ‫ޱܖ‬ᒵΙএӵ
GNU/Linux ‫ۻ‬ήџо‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȄ‫ڏ‬ϛζོፙ‫ڗ‬Ι‫ٲ‬அᙃᢎ‫܈‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃϧቄ࢐
ϷസୢȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ϸസୢ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਿԒ‫ڏ‬ਝ૖ԁᚽ้ᢎ‫܈‬Ȅ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដष᠞‫ޱ‬
ϐင‫ڎ‬ര Linux Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬அᙃ‫ޣ‬ᜋࠌџо౱ႆȄ

2.1 ഽ᝝ᄯԑ
‫ ޖ‬GNU/Linux ᗙौࢅ฽ᡝോȉȊ‫ڏ‬ᄂσഋϷ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ഍юӵᡗҰњ‫ڷ‬ฒጣᆩၯ
њΰ७Ȃ‫ڏ‬тσഋϷ‫ޟ‬೩ര GNU/Linux ඁн࢐഍ԤЛධ‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬о‫װר‬ᡗҰњ‫ڷ‬
ฒጣᆩၯњ‫ޟ‬ഋӋӵԪᐿҳю‫پ‬Ȃ‫ה‬ఖ૖ඪ‫ټ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ৠܾШၶȃᒵᗊȄ‫ڏ‬ᄂஅҏΰ
ࣺৠ‫ޟܒ‬୰ᚠᇄࠢถ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ϚσȂՄ࢐ӵ฽ᡝ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬වаಢȄ‫ٽ‬ԃӵϚӣࠢถ
‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњΰȂѫौ഍࢐Ң Nvidia ‫ޟ‬වаȂࠌ៮ଢ଼แԒ഍џоӓҢȄࣺӣ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬
џоҢӵ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬฽ᡝΰȂѫौ࢐ࣺӣවа‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњȂ഍џоҢΙኺ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แ
Ԓ៮ଢ଼Ȅ‫ܚ‬оᒵᗊࣺৠܻ GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝȂᔖ၎ौᒵᐅᇄጂᇯ‫࢐ޟ‬೩ര‫ٺܚ‬
Ң‫ޟ‬වаԤЛධȂՄϚ࢐ӵܻ࢚এࠢถΙོۡ‫ ڷ‬GNU/Linux ࣺৠমȊ
2-2 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

2.1.1 кᐠ฽ᡝ
ॶӑȂ࣏Οጂۡ Ubuntu ࢐֏џоӵձ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢΰ໷ցώհȂӵԊ၆ࠉӑᕣ၌ձ
‫ޟ‬кᐠ฽ᡝ࢐֏Лධ࢐࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬Ȅкᐠ฽ᡝϚѴн࢐оή࢜ᄺȂ‫ר‬ঈ஠ོΙΙএ
տଆ፣‫࡚ڷ‬ដ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ശճ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ሯؑȄ
CPUȈ‫ٺ‬Ң࡚ដ Intel Pentium 4 1.6GHz ‫ ܖ‬AMD K7 1.4GHz оΰȈҬࠉ
ᗙ‫ؠ‬᠙ᇳႆԤ GNU/Linux ϚЛධ‫ ޟ‬x86 CPUȂϚᆓ࢐ᚖਯ‫࢐ܖ‬ӻஈ՗ᆱ
ȞHTȟ‫ ޟ‬CPUȂѫौ࢐ѿ७ΰີ‫ ޟڗޟ‬586 оΰࣺৠ‫ ޟ‬CPUȂᔖ၎഍џ
оԊ၆ GNU/LinuxȊ‫ڏ‬ϛ৯տѫӵ‫פ‬ᄚՄϐȄՄ‫ٱ‬ᄂΰԃ‫࢐ݎ‬ौӵթ݈Ꮲ
ӈ୛ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ၗȂPentium 3 500MHz ‫ڏ‬ᄂ൷࡞ஊҢΟȂ‫ܚ‬о CPU ᒵᐅк
ौ࢐‫ٷ‬ձौӵ၎‫ف‬ಛҁѮΰୈ‫ٲ‬ϧቄӈ୛ՄۡȊ๋‫ޱ‬ෆငࣼႆᗉ໨ 400 ‫ޟ‬
Notebook ζ૖ເு࡞໠ЖȂ‫ܚ‬оϚ࢐‫ؠ‬ႀ‫࡚ڗ‬ដഀ࡙‫ ޟ‬CPU ൷ΙۡϚ૖
ເȂѫ࢐ШၶᄚΙᘈՄϐ୨Ȋ
RAMȈ‫ٺ‬Ң࡚ដԤ 512 MB оΰȈ଄ᏹᡝ࿋ณູσູԁ୨ȊӰ࣏࿋଄ᏹᡝ
Ϛٗ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ‫ف‬ಛ஠ོ‫ٺ‬Ңຎᔣ଄ᏹᡝȂζ൷࢐ོҢ฽ᆅ‫پ‬዁ᔣ଄ᏹᡝȄ
೻এਢঐձོี౪Ⴋသ໠ۖ჋੩ᓹΙኺᄚȂ฽ᆅོΙ‫ޢ‬ჟჟӴѩ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
кᐠ‫ݖ‬Ȉѫौ଩ӫձ‫ ޟ‬CPU ᒵᗊ։џȈ೽லкᐠ‫ޟݖ‬වаಢࣺৠ‫ܒ‬഍࡞
ԁȂ‫ܚ‬оࢅᒵਢѫौᒵᐅᛧۡ‫ڷٹܒ‬ᆰওП߯‫ࠢޟ‬ถᇄ࠮ဴȄԤਢঐкᐠ
‫ݖ‬ӵ GNU/Linux ΰ៮ଢ଼ོШӵ MicroSoft Windows П߯ȂӰ࣏ӵ MicroSoft
Windows ϛȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ࣥޱ‬ՍሯौՌ՗Ԋ၆ USBȃϱ࡚ᆩњᇄ SATA ฽ᆅ௡‫ڙ‬
њ้៮ଢ଼แԒϗ૖໷ց‫ٺ‬ҢȂՄ೽ல೻‫៮ٲ‬ଢ଼แԒӵ GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ਯЖΰ
഍ϐငϱ࡚ΟȄՍܻӵкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰོႄ‫ࣺޟڗ‬ৠ‫ܒ‬୰ᚠ೽ல഍ོюӵϱ࡚ᆄ
ᆅଲӖȞRAIDȟњΰȂ೻஠ོӵᆄᆅ௡‫ڙ‬њ٥এണ࿽Ιଔଆ፣Ȅ
ᡗҰњȈ‫ר‬ঈ஠ོӵήΙ࿽ଆ፣Ȅ
ӎᆅᐠȈᓍձଽᑹ୨Ȋѫौ૖ғல᠞ቸӎᆅа‫ޟ‬൷џоԊ၆ΟȈԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥ
DVD ൷‫؁‬П߯ΟȂӰ࣏ Ubuntu ζԤ DVD ‫ގ‬ҏȂԪਢԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ϚҢӔ
ΰᆩ‫ڥ׺‬᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ৈӇȄϚႆԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯᕗც‫ޟ‬నӇϚᒿȂ٥џоҢ
Ιૡ CD ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆໠ᐠаԊ၆ȂϞࡣӔΰᆩў‫ڥ׺‬Ι‫ٲ‬ϛМ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ
฽ᆅȈघ 40 GB Ѿѡ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ൷࡞ஊҢΟȈҬࠉӵ Ubuntu ΰџо‫ޟޖ‬ৈӇ
ཕ‫پ‬ཕӻȂ‫ܚ‬о฽ᆅσΙᘈ࿋ณџо‫ޖ‬Шၶӻ‫ݍ‬ՙȄծϚΙۡுौ 40 GB
 2.1 ฽ᡝሯؑ 2-3

ϗஊȂ჋๋‫๋ޟޱ‬଄࠮Ⴋသӵ‫ف‬ಛഋӋζѫҢ௬Οσघ 10GB ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅު໢

ՄϐȂ‫ܚ‬о፜ຜձҏ٘‫ޟ‬ሯौ‫ؚۡپ‬Ȅ
ᆩၯњȈҬࠉкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰϱ࡚‫ޟ‬഍࡞ԁҢȂϚ፣࢐ 100Mbps ‫ ܖ‬1GMbpsȂ
ඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥවаಢ‫ܖ‬ኅถ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯњ഍џоӵ GNU/Linux ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ٮ‬иϚሯौ
Ԋ၆៮ଢ଼แԒȄິ‫ޟ‬џ‫ڗ‬ΰ࿲ϯΙа‫ ޟ‬server டҢӎᡊᆩњȂ‫ڗۣ߯ܖ‬Ι
а‫ڍ‬έԻϯ‫ޟ‬ᒆᜃවаᆩњȂ๋‫ޱ‬഍Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ңႆ‫ޟ‬ငᡛȂஅҏΰ೻໶೩ര࡞
ЍԤࣺৠ‫ܒ‬୰ᚠȊ୅ԃձ࢐࿋ԙਹ७‫ٺ‬ҢȂϱ࡚ᆩњ൷ஊҢΟȄԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ޟ‬
ᐠᏢШၶᙟȂ‫ؠ‬Ԥϱ࡚ᆩњȂ٥ቄ๋‫ޱ‬௰ᙨձё၆ᒆᜃවаᆩњȂ೻஻њ
‫ڗ‬ӨσႫသϴѧີ‫ޟ‬ၗȂඁԻϯ൷ԤΟȂ߹ᔤσ࿧Ȅծԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐ौӵ server
ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ࡚ដ࢐௴ҢШၶᛧۡ‫ ޟ‬Intel ‫ ܖ‬3Com юࠢ‫ޟ‬ᆩњȄ
ฒጣᆩၯњȈ‫ר‬ঈ஠ོӵࡣ७ட࿽ଆ፣Ȅ
ᆄᆅ௡‫ڙ‬њȞRAIDȃSCSIȃ SATA ้ȟȈ೻໶೩രശσ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ࢐ኅ୦‫܁‬
‫࣏܁‬Ο࿽ࣸԙҏȂкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬SATA ‫ ܖ‬IDE ௡‫ڙ‬዁ಢ‫ ޟߣܚ‬RAIDȞᆄ
ᆅଲӖȟ‫ف‬ಛ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ȶ୅‫ޟ‬ȷȂ೻‫ٲ‬њ࢐ആႆ៮ଢ଼แԒў዁ᔣᆄᆅଲӖ‫ޟ‬
ଢ଼հȂ‫ٺ‬Ңкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰ‫ ޟ‬CPU ‫پ‬ॎᆗ RAID ଲӖၥਟȂՄϚ࢐ઍ‫ޟ‬ӵ฽ᡝΰ
൷Ԥ೎౩Ꮲўୈ RAID ၼᆗȄ‫ܚ‬о࡞ӻ GNU/Linux ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ζ೨ོᅸඋȂ
࣏ϧቄӵ BIOS ೩ۡԁ‫ ޟ‬RAID ӵ GNU/Linux ΰᒱᇯϚю‫ڹپ‬ȉনӰ൷࢐
೻‫ٲ‬ϱ࡚ RAID ଲӖ഍࢐዁ᔣ‫ޟ‬ȂӰԪौആႆ੫੆‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒў዁ᔣ‫ٺ‬
ҢȂӰԪԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥငႆ੫੆೩ۡȂ࿋ณӵ GNU/Linux ΰ൷Ϛ૖ғல‫ٺ‬Ң
୨Ȋ‫ܚ‬оԃ‫҈ݎ‬ᆗӵ೻‫ٲ‬ȶ୅‫ޟ‬ȷȄRAID ೩രϛ‫ٺ‬Ң RAID ђ૖Ȃ࡚ដ‫ޢ‬
௥‫ٺ‬Ң GNU/Linux ਯЖȞKernelȟ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ RAID ђ૖Ȃ‫װ‬೻‫ٲ‬೩ര࿋ԙΙ
ૡ௡‫ڙ‬њ‫ٺ‬Ң൷ԁΟȄԃ‫ݎ‬ौӵ GNU/Linux ΰ‫ޖ‬฽ᡝଲӖȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដີ٥
‫ٲ‬ଽᔬ‫ ޟ‬SATA ‫ ܖ‬SCSI RAID ௡‫ڙ‬њȂ೻‫ٲ‬೽ல഍Ԥඪ‫ ټ‬RAID 0ȃ1ȃ0+1ȃ
5 ้้‫ޟ‬ଲӖђ૖Ȃ‫ٮ‬иΰ७഍Ԥட឴‫ ޟ‬CPU ॎᆗଲӖၥਟȄ࿋ณ೻‫ٲ‬њ
഍Ϛۣ߯Ȃџ૖Ιа഍ौΰ࿲ϯȂϚႆӵᐌᡝਝ૖ΰΙۡШ೺ᡝଲӖԁ࡞
ӻȂӰԪ௰ᙨթ݈Ꮲ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ٺޱ‬ҢȄ
ॱਝњȈкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬AC97 ൷࡞ϚᒿҢ᠅ȊΙૡкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬AC97
ॱਝњ഍џоȶฒฮȷӵ Ubuntu ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȄծԃ‫ݎ‬ձᄇॱ፴࡞๿१‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
ࠌџоՌ՗Ԋ၆ԁΙᘈ‫ॱޟ‬ਝњΙૡѴ௥ॱਝњ഍џо໷ց‫ޟ‬ೝ
GNU/Linux ୎ ก ‫ ڗ‬Ȅ ष ձ ઍ ‫ ޟ‬ད ौ ᒵ ᗊ ‫ ޟ‬ၗ Ȃ џ о ‫ ڗ‬ALSA
Ȟhttp://www.alsa-project.orgȟᆩમўࢥၚԤЛධ‫ॱޟ‬ਝњȄ
ᗤዺ‫ྤڷ‬ჃȈ൷‫ײ‬Ιএձശ໷Й‫֑ޟ‬Ȋ
2-4 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ӵԪୈΙএωᖂ๖Ȃ൷࢐ GNU/Linux ࢐Ϛσࢅ฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬ȂϚ፣࢐ՌϏಢ၆‫ޟ‬Ⴋ

သ‫ܖ‬Ѵ७ີ‫ޟ‬౪ԙৈ၆ႫသȂஅҏΰ഍ᔖ၎‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȄ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ਹΰ࠮Ⴋ
သȂᔖ၎࢐џоϚሯငႆӈդ฽ᡝΰ‫ޟ‬፡ᐌȂ൷џо໷ցԊ၆ UbuntuȄ
Սܻӵ๋଄࠮ႫသΰȂσഋϷ‫ޟ‬ኵᐃᐠȞModemȟ࢐Ϛ૖‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ȂӰ࣏ӵ๋
଄࠮Ⴋသΰ‫ޟ‬ኵᐃᐠσഋӋ࢐೺ᡝ዁ᔣ‫ޟ‬ȄՄ჋Ⴋྛ࿽ࣸ዁Ԓ‫࢐ܖ‬ႫԱ‫ޑ‬ᄘࢥၚ
้Ȃࠌ഍ᔖ၎࢐џоғல‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬དौࢥၚձ๋଄࠮Ⴋသ‫ ޟ‬Linux Лධ
แ࡙Ȃџо‫ ڗ‬Linux on LaptopsȞhttp://www.linux-laptop.net/ȟᆩમࢥࣼտΡԊ
၆ӵᇄձӣ෡๋଄࠮Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬Жு‫ܚڷ‬ႄ‫ޟڗ‬୰ᚠȄ๋଄࠮Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯ୰ᚠȂ
๋‫ོޱ‬ӵࡣ७ฒጣᆩၯњ‫ޟ‬ഋӋΙଔଆ፣Ȅ

2.1.2 Лධ OpenGL ёഀ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ

ᓍ๿ GNU/Linux ‫ ޟ‬3D ၽᔛ౾՗‫ ڷ‬AIGLX ‫پڗޟ‬ȂоЅҐ‫ پ‬cairo ஠ᐌӫө໔
ᛲყᇄ OpenGL ёഀȂGNU/Linux ΰζູ‫ູپ‬ሯौ 3D ‫ ڷ‬2D ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝёഀȄӵ
GNU/Linux ϛശலҢ‫ޟ‬ᛲყ Application Programming Interface Ȟ API ȟ࢐
OpenGL Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ࿋ณ‫ה‬ఖࢅᒵ‫ڗ‬Ι༵ᄇ OpenGL ёഀԤ‫ي‬ԁЛධ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ
୨ȊҬࠉЛධ GNU/Linux Шၶԁ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ഍࢐௴Ң Nvidia ‫ ڷ‬AMDȞATIȟ‫ܚ‬ҡ
౰‫ޟ‬වаȄ‫ڏߨٮ‬тኅ୦‫ޟ‬њϚ૖ӵ GNU/Linux ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȂՄ࢐٥‫ٲ‬њ೽ல഍‫ؠ‬
Ԥඪ‫ ټ‬GNU/Linux ‫ ޟ‬3D ёഀ៮ଢ଼แԒȂ‫ܚ‬оഅԙѺѫ૖࿋ԙΙૡ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

ყ 2.1 Nvidia Logo

Ҭࠉ Nvidia ԤЛධ GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬වа࠮ဴ࢐ GeForce Ӓ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ ڷ‬Quadro Ӓ‫ف‬

ӖȄӰԪӵᗊີ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂѫौᇯΰყ 2.1 ‫ ޟ‬logo ։џȂՍܻᇧഅ‫ޟ‬ኅ୦൷‫ٷ‬ձ
‫ޟ‬൉ԁᒵᐅΟȊ

ְҞѽணւ http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_18897.html ۤఀ‫ـ‬ႎ೟

ߞњ෯ԕࠑȄ)
 2.1 ฽ᡝሯؑ 2-5

ყ 2.2 AMDȞATIȟ Logo

ӵ AMDȞATIȟ೻ড়ϴѧᄇܻ GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ЛධП७ȂҬࠉඪ‫ ټ‬Radeon 8500

‫ ڷ‬FireGL 8700 оࡣ‫ܚޟ‬ԤᡗҰњ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼ЛධȂζ൷࢐Ԟܻ Radeon 8500 ‫ܖ‬
FireGL 8700 ‫ܚ‬ҡ౰‫ޟ‬වа஠ϚོЛධȄՄᒵᗊПԒ‫ ڷ‬Nvidia ࣺӣȂѫौᇯΰყ
2.2 AMDȞATIȟ‫ ޟ‬logo ൷џоΟȂӰ࣏ӵ GNU/Linux ϛࣺৠ‫ޟܒ‬ᜰᗤ࢐‫ٺܚ‬Ң
‫ޟ‬වаȂՄϚ࢐ҡ౰‫ޟ‬ኅ୦Ȅ

2.1.3 ҬࠉনҡЛධ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњ
Ҭࠉฒጣᆩၯњӵѿ७ΰԤέᆍೣਿȂϷտ࢐ 802.11aȂ802.11b ‫ ڷ‬802.11gȄ
802.11b ‫ޟ‬༈ᒯഀ࡙࢐ 11MbpsȂՄ 802.11g ‫ ڷ‬802.11a ഍࢐ 54Mbps ༈ᒯഀ࡙
‫ޟ‬ೣਿȄҥܻ 802.11b ‫ ڷ‬802.11g ഍࢐௴Ң 2.4GHz ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᓜࢲȂ‫ܚ‬оϣࣺџо
ࣺৠȄՄ 802.11a ࠌ௴Ң 5GHzȂ‫ܚ‬оϚ૖‫ڏڷ‬т‫ޟ‬ೣਿࣺৠȂӰԪӵѮᢊ‫ٺ‬Ң
౥ϚଽȂ࡚ដ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϚҢՃኌ 802.11a ΟȊ
ӵҬࠉ๋଄࠮Ⴋသϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњП७Ȃष࢐ Intel Centrino වаಢ‫ف‬Ӗ‫๋ޟ‬
଄࠮ႫသȂ೽லϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњӵ៮ଢ଼ΰ഍‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȂծЍኵ Centrino ‫๋ޟ‬
଄࠮Ⴋသ‫ؠ‬Ԥ௴Ң Intel ‫ޟ‬଩ৈ Intel PRO/Wireless ฒጣᆩњȂ೻এਢঐ൷ौࢥၚ
Ιή࢐ҢϧቄවаȄषձ‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮Ⴋသጂۡ࢐௴Ң Intel PRO/Wireless ฒጣᆩ
њȂࠌฒጣᆩၯᄇձ‫پ‬ᇳϐငϚᄺԙ୰ᚠΟȂџоၰႆ೻Ιω࿽᠅Ȋ
ІϞȂषߨ‫ٺ‬ҢԪ‫ف‬Ӗවаಢ‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮ႫသȂᗙ࢐Ԥџ૖ೝ Ubuntu ЛධȂ᠞
‫ޱ‬џоആႆࡾх $ lspci -v ўᄆࣼԤ wireless ᜰᗤԅ‫ޟ‬٥ඁ՗ȂོԤ‫ٺܚ‬Ңවа
‫ޟ‬၏ಠၥଉȄณࡣ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵ௥ή‫ޟپ‬ഋӋ᠞‫ڗ‬ӨᆍවаЛධ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȅष࢐ᙟ෡
‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮Ⴋသ‫ؠ‬Ԥϱ࡚ฒጣᆩњȂՄ᠞‫ޱ‬དौѴёฒጣᆩњȂ٥ӣኺձζџо‫ٷ‬
ྱή७‫ޟ‬ၥଉўᒵᐅᗊີȄ
Ҭࠉӵ GNU/Linux ΰ៮ଢ଼ฒጣᆩၯњ‫ޟ‬ПԒԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȈΙᆍ࢐ആႆ ndiswrapper
Ȟhttp://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.netȟўၷΣӵ Microsoft Windows ΰ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼
2-6 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

แԒȂ೻ኺඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњ഍џо៮ଢ଼ȂӰ࣏ฒጣᆩњᖂϚ૖೿ MS ‫៮ޟ‬
ଢ଼แԒ഍Ϛඪ‫֑ټ‬Ȃ٥џ൷ϚҢ፲ΟȊծ࢐೻ኺོԤඁএીᘈȂ‫ٽ‬ԃฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ 64
՝ϯᕗც‫ ߨܖ‬x86 ᕗცή‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ٮ‬иӰ࣏೻Ϛ࢐ GNU/Linux নҡ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼ПԒȂ
‫ܚ‬оਝ૖‫ڷ‬ђ૖ོԤ‫ܚ‬ીᏺȄ࿋ณȂषձ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњઍ‫ؠޟ‬ԤೝЛධ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻൷
࢐Ϛுϐ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬ΟȊ
಑ΠᆍПԒࠌ࢐ആႆ GNU/Linux ਯЖȞKernelȟϱ࡚‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒনҡ‫ޟ‬ЛධȂ
೻࢐ശ౩ད‫ޟ‬ПԒȂζ࢐૖ၮູϚӣ࢜ᄺ‫៮پ‬ଢ଼ฒጣᆩњ‫୲ޟ‬ΙПԒȄณՄȂฒ
ጣᆩњ‫ޟ‬වаኅ୦࣏Οᝯ‫ތ‬Մ੼ΙЙ‫ޱܖ‬Ӱུ࣏ᙠΙ‫ٲ‬Ң೺ᡝ዁ᔣ‫ޟ‬ഋӋषϴ
໠‫ޟ‬ၗོકᚽႫ߬‫ݲ‬ೣȂӰՄᏲमኅ୦Ϛ᜹ཎភюೣਿ‫ܖ‬নۖጆ‫پ‬ඪ‫ ټ‬Linux
hacker እቸ៮ଢ଼แԒȂ೻फ़‫ٺ‬ӵ GNU/Linux ΰฒጣᆩၯনҡЛධԙ࣏Ιএ࡞σ
‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ‫ܚ‬оҬࠉӵ GNU/Linux ΰ࡞ӻฒጣᆩၯ៮ଢ଼แԒ࢐ҢІಢឍ‫ޟ‬ଛөώ
แ‫י‬ю‫ޟپ‬Ȅ࿋ณȂζ࢐ԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᄇܻ GNU/Linux Є๡‫ޟ‬වаኅ୦ོភюೣਿᡱ
hacker ঈእቸ៮ଢ଼แԒȄоή๋‫ޱ‬஠ፙЅҬࠉџоӵ GNU/Linux ήনҡ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬
ฒጣᆩၯවаȄ
ฒጣᆩњ‫ޟ‬ኅ୦ΙૡՄِ‫ٮ‬Ϛོ჋ᡗҰњኅ୦ΙኺӴ኿ю‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬වаȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬
ঈ҆໸ौՌ՗กၐԝ໱Өএฒጣᆩњ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬වаȂՄ๋‫ོޱ‬ඪ‫ټ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ᆩમȂ‫ټ‬๝
᠞‫ޱ‬ᒵᗊ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ࿋ԙ୤ՃȄ࿋ณശᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐᠞‫ޱ‬ள๿ձ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ‫ޢ‬௥ўႫသϴ
ѧȂณࡣΙаΙа‫װޟ‬њඨΰўၐၐࣼȂ೻ኺ൷૖ԻϷϞԻጂᇯ঺Ιањ૖ҢΟȊ
AtherosȈhttp://madwifi.orgȈ೻෡වа‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒϐငϱ࡚ӵ Linux kernel
၇७ΟȂ೻෡වаӵ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬Лධ‫ܒ‬ϚᒿȄՄѺ࢐ҥ Atheros ϴѧ‫ܚ‬ҡ
౰Ȅ೻এ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬වаϷտЛධΟ 802.11a/b/g έᆍೣਿȄ
Atmel AT76C50XȈhttp://atmelwlandriver.sourceforge.netȈ೻෡වаӵ
Linux kernel ϱζϐငЛධΟȂϚႆ೻Ι‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬њѫԤ 802.11b ‫ޟ‬ೣਿȄ
ԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ༼Ѻഀ࡙ᄚ‫ޟີᜲཱིࠢڷ‬ၗȂѺᗙ࢐឴ܻ࡞ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȄ
Broadcom BCM43xxȈhttp://bcm43xx.berlios.deȈ೻এ៮ଢ଼แԒശԤӪ
‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐ӵ೻ᗻවаೝኄ‫ݿ‬ӴҢӵគ‫ݎ‬ႫသȞAppleȟΰȄծ࢐೻‫ٲ‬ᐠᏢ
‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐ x86 ‫ޟ‬ҁѮȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ٺݲ‬Ң ndiswrapper ўၷΣ MS ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȄ
೻ᐭࡥΟΙஂᓧࡊȂತܻҢଛөώแક၌Οϱഋ๖ᄺȄkernel 2.6.17 оΰ
‫ގ‬ҏѓ֤Ο೻Л៮ଢ଼แԒȂӰԪӵ Ubuntu ΰζџо໷ց‫ٺޟ‬ҢΟȄ೻‫ف‬
ӖවаҬࠉζԤ 802.11a/b/g έᆍЛධȄ
 2.1 ฽ᡝሯؑ 2-7

Intel PRO/Wireless Ȉhttp://ipw2200.sourceforge.netȈ೻‫ف‬ӖฒጣᆩњԤ

Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 Ȃ 2200 ‫ ڷ‬2915ABGȄ‫ڏ‬ϛ 2100 ࢐Лධ 802.11b
‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȂ 2200 Лධ 802.11b/g ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ 2915ABG Лධέᆍೣਿ
802.11a/b/g Ȅ೽ல࢐ས଩ Intel Centrino වаಢ‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮ႫသюೲȂծ‫ٮ‬
ϚΙۡ Centrino වаಢ‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮Ⴋသ൷࢐ས଩೻ඁᆍฒጣᆩњȄՄ೻ඁᆍ
ฒጣᆩњҬࠉӵ GNU/Linux kernel ΰ഍Ԥ࡞ԁ‫ޟ‬ЛධȂӰԪ‫ٺ‬Ң೻‫ٲ‬වа
‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮Ⴋသ഍џо࡞ৠܾ‫ޟ‬ӵ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ᕗცήฒጣΰᆩȄ
Orinoco Ȉhttp://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Orinoco.htmlȈ
೻෡වа‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒӵ GNU/Linux kernel ϱζ࢐ϐငЛධΟȂϚႆ೻Ι‫ف‬
Ӗ‫ޟ‬њѫԤ 802.11b ‫ޟ‬ೣਿȄӰԪԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ༼Ѻഀ࡙ᄚ‫ڷ‬ඁнີϚ‫ཱིࠢڗ‬
ΟȂѺᗙ࢐࡞ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȄ
Prism 2, 2.5, 3, GT Ȉhttp://www.linux-wlan.orgȈ೻Ι‫ف‬Ӗවа‫ܚ‬Лධ‫ޟ‬
ೣਿ࣏ 802.11bȂՄ೻෡‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒϐငӵ GNU/Linux kernel ၇७ϱ࡚Ȃ
‫ܚ‬оϚሯौԊ၆Ȃѫौ೩രඨΰў൷џоၼհΟȄ
Prism 54 Ȉ http://prism54.org Ȉԃӣ‫ڏ‬ӪȂ೻Ι‫ف‬Ӗ഍࢐Лධ 802.11g
54Mbps ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњවаȄՄ೻෡៮ଢ଼แԒζ࢐ϐငӵ GNU/Linux kernel
၇७ϱ࡚ΟȄ
Ralink RT2x00 Ȉhttp://rt2x00.serialmonkey.comȈ೻࢐Ι໢Ѯᢊ‫ޟ‬ฒጣ
ᆩၯවаϴѧȄтঈϴѧᄇܻ GNU/Linux Ԥᒑϸ‫ޟ‬ᄘ࡙Ȃծ࢐ϴѧۢП‫ޟ‬
៮ଢ଼แԒ૚ᙫ࡞ӻȂ‫ؠ‬Ԥႀ‫ڗ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬Ӵ؏ȄӰ࣏ۢП៮ଢ଼แԒо GPL ௲
᠌Ȃ౪ӵ‫ޥ‬တғӵӒΨ‫ޟ‬ᔓԔ‫׽‬๡ȂҬࠉ‫ޥ‬တ‫៮ޟގ‬ଢ଼แԒϐႀ‫ڗ‬൞Ң‫ޟ‬
Ӵ؏Ȃ‫ٮ‬иྥരҐ‫ܹپ‬Σ kernel ϱȂ٥ቄ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬൷ϚሯौӔՌϏጡឍ៮ଢ଼
แԒȄ೻‫ف‬ӖවаҬࠉԤ 802.11b/g ‫ڍ‬ᆍЛධȄ
ӫࡈϘଠ‫ڹ‬ӡঋ՘ґᠭஜᘘգᙇ‫᝱ק‬Ȃቮঋ֋Ўᄘႏ፠៌ϘϭЖକ՘
ґՉႅȄ
TI ACX100/111 Ȉhttp://acx100.sourceforge.netȈ೻࢐ኈԎቈᏢ‫ޟ‬වаȂ
Ԥ 802.11g ‫ ڷ‬802.11b ‫ڍ‬ᆍϚӣೣਿȄҬࠉ Ubuntu ϐငЛධѺΟȄ
ZydasȈhttp://zd1211.ath.cxȈ೻࢐Ѯᢊ‫ޟ‬ϴѧȂઉ༕ऋ‫׬‬ȄѺζԤ Open
Source ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȄ೻‫ف‬ӖවаҬࠉԤ 802.11a/b/g έᆍЛධȂӵ Ubuntu
၇७џо‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬ҢΟমȊ
2-8 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ᗙԤΙএബྮ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ൷࢐юӵฒጣᆩњ‫ޟ‬໵ᡝȞfirmwareȟȄΙૡՄِȂ໵
ᡝ၇७ԆܹΙ‫ٲ‬௡‫ڙ‬၎Ѵഋ၆ည‫ޟ‬แԒȂζ൷࢐Ιૡ‫ޟ‬Ѵഋ฽ᡝོԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬೎౩
Ꮲ‫پ‬հΙ‫ٲ‬฽ᡝΰᐇհᇄၼᆗȂՄ໵ᡝ൷࢐॒೰೻Ӈ‫ޟٱ‬แԒȄӰԪσഋӋ၆ည
‫ޟ‬໵ᡝོᓽԆӵ၎฽ᡝ‫פޟ‬ର଄ᏹᡝȞflash memoryȟϛȂ‫ܚ‬оԃ‫רݎ‬ঈौ‫ཱི؁‬
‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ሯौആႆ੫੆‫ޟ‬೺ᡝў‫׽؁‬٥এ൸Σӵ฽ᡝΰ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȄ
ծ࢐Ҭࠉ࡞ӻฒጣᆩၯњ࣏Ο६ճԙҏȂ഍ོ‫פװ‬ର଄ᏹᡝࣸ౱௬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ
ሯौӵ៮ଢ଼၆ညоࠉȂ‫װ‬໵ᡝ௃ᔬਰၷΣ‫فڗ‬ಛ๝၎၆ည‫ٺ‬ҢȄ࢈‫ר‬ঈӵ‫ٺ‬Ңฒ
ጣᆩњਢȂ൷ுौՌϏѪѴඪ‫ټ‬໵ᡝϗ૖‫ٺ‬ҢȄ࿋ณԤΙ‫ޢ࢐ٲ‬௥‫װ‬໵ᡝᐶӵ฽
ᡝΰ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȂ٥൷ϚོԤ೻ᆍྮ඘୨Ȋ
Ԥ‫ٲ‬ϴѧ‫ޟ‬໵ᡝ௲᠌࢐џоᡱ Ubuntu ѓ֤၎໵ᡝӵ‫ف‬ಛ၇७Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ Intel
PRO/Wireless ‫ف‬ӖȃZydas ‫ف‬ӖȃAtmel ‫ف‬Ӗȃprism 54 ‫ ڷ‬TI ‫ف‬ӖȂUbuntu ഍
Ԥඪ‫ټ‬໵ᡝܹӵ /lib/firmware ၇७Ȅ‫ܚ‬о‫ٺ‬Ң೻ඁᆍවа‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњ൷ϚሯौՌ
Ϗўήၷ໵ᡝȂོШၶП߯Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ჋ bcm43xx ‫ف‬Ӗ൷ौՌϏѪѴΰᆩўήၷȄ
ΰ७ᖿΟ‫ݓݓ‬ᖂᖂ‫ޟ‬වаಢȂծԃ‫רݎ‬ঈӵ፲ൟີฒጣᆩњਢࠓฒ‫ݲ‬ு‫ޣ‬٥࢐
Ңϧቄኺ‫ޟ‬වаȂ٥Ϛ൷࢐ҩᇳΟიȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ೻‫࣏࢐ٲ‬Οή७‫ޟ‬ଆ፣հྥര‫ޟ‬Ȃή
७Ԥඁএ୤ՃᆩમȂџоҢවаࢥኅ୦࠮ဴ‫ܖ‬Ңኅ୦࠮ဴࢥ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬වаȄ‫ܚ‬о
࡚ដσড়ӑ‫ڗ‬ᗊ‫ސ‬ᆩમΰᚇۡඁ෡࠮ဴȂӔ໌Ι؏ࢥࣼ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬වа࢐֏ࣺৠȄ
Ubuntu ϛ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњᄂกȈ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/
WirelessCardsSupportedȈӖюΟҬࠉӵ Ubuntu ΰငႆᄂก‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњኅ
ถ‫ဴ࠮ڷ‬Ȅ‫ݧ‬ཎȶSupports network install?ȷ٥ΙួȂԃ‫ ࢐ݎ‬Y ‫ޟ‬ၗȂф
ߒџоӵӎᆅ໠ᐠࡣՌଢ଼ၷΣ໵ᡝ‫៮ٮ‬ଢ଼ȂζфߒΟ࢐‫ف‬ಛϱ࡚໵ᡝ‫ޟ‬෡
ԒȂ‫ܚ‬оӵࣺৠ‫ܒ‬ΰШၶ‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȄ೻џо࿋ԙΙএ࡞ԁ‫ࡾޟ‬኿Ȅ
Linux wireless LAN supportȈhttp://linux-wless.passys.nlȈฒጣᆩњ࠮
ဴ‫ܖ‬වа࢐֏Лධ GNU/Linux џоӵ೻এᆩમΰࢥၚ‫ڗ‬ȂՄиӵ೻၇џо
ᄇএտවа‫ܖ‬ኅถհҺξࢥၚȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ኿଄࣏ᆦՓ‫ޟ‬൷࢐ငႆกၐȃጂۡџ
оЛධনҡ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩњȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵᗊີࠉ‫ٷ‬ᐃ೻‫ٲ‬ၥଉࢅᒵȄՄ๋
‫࡚ޟޱ‬ដ࢐ࢅᒵ٥‫ٲ‬වа‫ޟ‬໵ᡝϐင໌Σ Ubuntu ۢП‫ޟ‬Ȃ٥ቄձႄ‫ޟڗ‬
୰ᚠོШၶЍȄ
 2.2 ‫ڥ‬ுӎᆅ 2-9

໵ᡝၥଉȈhttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessFirmwareȈӖ
юҬࠉӵ Ubuntu ၇७Ԥϱ࡚໵ᡝ‫ޟ‬වа෡ԒȂџо଩ӫΰ७‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭Ңව
аᒵᐅौᗊີ‫ޟ‬ᆩњኅถ‫ဴ࠮ڷ‬Ȅ
Өᆍවаӵ Ubuntu ΰ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȈhttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/WirelessChipsetsȈ೻
၇ѓ֤ΟΙ‫ٲ‬වа‫ޟ‬ЛධၥଉȂࣥՍඪ‫ߨټ‬নҡ៮ଢ଼Ȟആႆ ndiswrapperȟ
࢐֏૖ԙђ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȄ

2.2 ֥ુώႅ
ӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौఀσড়ഒധ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȃџоᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬ᓍ๿‫ގ‬ҏ‫ཱི؁‬ȂϚሯौӔᗊີਪ
ᝲ൷џо‫ڥ‬ுശཱི‫ޟގ‬Ԋ၆ӎᆅȄ

ყ 2.3 Ubuntu নኅۢПӎᆅ

ᇳ݂ ᆩ֭
‫ܡ‬ў mirror ϭႶᙇϘ᠓ࠑ http://www.ubuntu.com/download
‫ܡ‬ўᗁ૭ϭႶᙇ http://cdimage.ubuntulinux.org
ȞҒ‫ ף‬DVD ۶ CDȟ
ྲջᒩᇨКѕᇨ঱ CD ϭႶᙇ http://apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw/pub/ubuntu-cd/
஼ӲᅱࡑЂᐯᇨ঱ CD ϭႶᙇ http://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/
ЮขЂᐯᇨ঱ CD ϭႶᙇ http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/ftp/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/
ग़஼ DVD ϭႶᙇ http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/
2-10 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ӵ Windows ҁѮήȂ‫ޢ‬௥Ңᘲ។Ꮲ௃ᆩॲήၷӎᆅࢎ჋ᔬȂৠܾᔬਰϚ‫ׇ‬ӒȂ
‫ޱܖ‬ᘞጣՄሯौ१ཱིήၷȄӰԪԃ‫ݎ‬ौ‫ޢ‬௥௃ᆩॲήၷȂശԁྥര៉༈೺ᡝȄष
‫ؠ‬Ԥ៉༈೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆ FTP ೻ᆍடߞ‫׺‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ПԒ‫ڥپ‬ுࢎ჋ᔬ঵Ȋ
ӵ Windows ҁѮ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ࡚ដձҢ FileZillaȞhttp://filezilla.sourceforge.netȟ‫پ‬ή
ၷࢎ჋ᔬȂ೻ৈήၷᘈџоӵۢПᆩॲ‫ڗײ‬Ȃ‫୽ޱܖ‬ϱ࡞ӻᆩમζџо‫ڥ‬ுȄ
ѮᢊԤඁএۢП‫ܛ‬ᇯ‫ ޟ‬mirror મџоήၷ‫ڗ‬ӎᆅࢎ჋ᔬȂџ௔೻‫ٲ‬મ‫ٮ‬Ϛඪ‫ټ‬
DVD ‫ގ‬ήၷȂषौήၷ DVD ‫ޟގ‬Ȃሯौ‫୽ڗ‬ѴᆩમήၷȄ೻ඁএ mirror મଶΟ
ඪ‫ټ‬ᆩॲ዁ԒήၷоѴȂζඪ‫ ټ‬ftp ዁ԒήၷȂषौҢ ftp ዁Ԓ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫װ‬ᆩॲή
ၷᘈᆩ֭‫ ޟ‬http ‫ڷ‬ശࡣ७‫ޟ‬ഋӋў௬Ȃ൷࢐ ftp ՝֭ΟȄ‫ٽ‬ԃौҢ ftp ήၷ iso
‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐ӵ FileZilla ၇७՝֭‫ޟ‬ӴПᒯΣ apt.nc.hcc.edu.twȂณࡣࡸ೿ጣȂѡ᜞
ሉᆒҬᓃ໌ў ubuntu-cd ၇७ȂӔ໌Σശཱི‫ގ‬ҏ 6.10 ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȄ၇७Ԥ࡞ӻ‫ ޟ‬iso
ᔬȂ଄Ϛ଄ு‫ר‬ঈඪႆ‫ޟ‬ȂԊ၆ӎᆅԤϷ Desktop ‫ ڷ‬alternAMDȞATIȟve ‫ގ‬ȉ
ࠉ‫ ࢐ޱ‬LiveCD ёԊ၆ӎᆅȂࡣ‫࢐ޱ‬Мԅϭ७‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ӎᆅȄ଄ுौᒵᐅ 368 ‫ގ‬ҏ
‫ޟ‬Ȃณࡣ‫װ‬ᔬਰ௃ѡ᜞‫ڗܜ‬Ѿ᜞ҏӴҬᓃȂႆΙଲυࡣȂ൷ήၷ‫ׇ‬୨Ȋ
᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоҢ៉༈೺ᡝ FlashGet ήၷȂ೻࢐ΙএџоջາၐҢ‫ޟ‬୦ཾ೺ᡝȂ
᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫ ڗ‬http://www.flashget.com ‫پ‬ήၷԊ၆ȊॶӑӑҢᘲ។Ꮲ໠ήၷᆩ
ॲȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ຜሯौ঺Ιএ iso ࢎ჋ᔬȂ଄ுӑϚौҢᘲ។Ꮲ‫׺‬ȂՄ࢐‫װ‬Ѻܴ‫ڗ‬
FlashGet ‫ޟ‬ήၷୢȂ೻ኺ൷໠ۖ‫׺‬ΟমȂѺႱ೩ܹӵ c:\downloads ၇७Ȋ
ष࢐ӵ Linux ΰ൷‫؁‬П߯ΟȂձ൷‫ڗ‬ᆩॲΰȂӵौήၷ‫ޟ‬ᜦ๖೎Ȃࡸѡᗤᒵᐅ
ፒᇧᜦ๖ᆩ֭Ȅณࡣӵ Linux ‫ޟ‬ತᆒᐠήȂҢ wget ຮΰᆩ֭Ȃ൷џоήၷ୨Ȋ
Linux ήၷጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ wget
http://apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw/pub/ubuntu-cd/6.06/ubuntu-6.06-desktop-i386.iso
--04:19:11--
http://apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw/pub/ubuntu-cd/6.06/ubuntu-6.06-desktop-i386.iso
=> `ubuntu-6.06-desktop-i386.iso'
‫ڇإ‬਷‫׌ބ‬ᖲ apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw... 163.19.1.81
‫ڇإ‬ຑ൷ apt.nc.hcc.edu.tw|163.19.1.81|:80... ຑՂԱΖ
բಬ‫ נ‬HTTP ૞‫ޣ‬Δ‫ڇإ‬࿛ଢ‫ڃ‬ᚨ... 200 OK
९৫: 731,744,256 (698M) [text/plain]
0% [ ] 1,100,684 126.18K/s ETA 1:43:32
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-11

‫ڥ‬ு ࢎ჋ᔬࡣȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоҢ
iso ўᡛᜌ‫ ޟڥ׺‬ᔬ࢐֏Ԥ୰ᚠȄӵ md5sum iso

ҁѮΰџоҢ
Windows ‫پ‬ॎᆗ ‫ޟ‬ Ȃ೻ЛแԒџоӵ
WinMD5 iso MD5 hash

ήၷȄҢ೻এแԒॎᆗ
http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/Hardware/tools/Utility/WinMD5

ձήၷ‫ޟ‬ оࡣȂџоӔ‫ڷ‬ᆩॲΰϴշ‫ ޟ‬঄ШၶȂषࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ၗ

iso MD5 hash MD5

൷࢐ήၷ‫ؠ‬୰ᚠΟȄӵ ‫ۻ‬ή൷‫ޢ‬௥҈ࡾх ёΰᔬӪȂ൷ོᡗҰю

Linux md5sum

md5 ‫ޟ‬঄Ȅ࿋ณ೻এ؏᡽౱ႆζџоȂϚႆ࣏Ο߳ᓎଔَȂᗙ࢐ᡛᜌΙή
hash

֑Ȋ
ശࡣӵ ΰџо‫ٺ‬Ң ‫ װپ‬ᔬᐶԙӎᆅȂӵ ΰџоҢ
Windows Nero iso Linux K3B

‫پ‬ႀԙȄ೻ᄇौ‫ޖ‬ ‫ޟ‬ձȂήၷ‫ڷ‬ᐶᓃӎᆅᔖ၎഍Ϛԙ୰ᚠ֑ȊϚᆓࡩኺȂ
Ubuntu

ശཱི‫ ޟގ‬Ȟ ȟԊ၆ӎᆅ࢐ᓍਪߣଚȂձ኷ਢᗙϚҢྮ඘೻এ୰ᚠȄ

6.10 Edgy

2.3 Њཆ‫܉‬௣࿒Ձ஛‫ྱڟ‬ర‫ڣ‬ᘋ
ҥܻ‫ר‬ঈᐌএհཾ‫ف‬ಛ഍஠Ԋ၆ӵ฽ᆅΰȂѓ֤‫ܚ‬ԤၥਟȃМӇ้ζ഍࢐Ԇܹ
ӵ฽ᆅΰȂ‫ܚ‬оΙএғጂ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅϷസୢೣგџоᔓօ௿ӱཬྒ‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȄՄғጂ
‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅਿԒџо‫ٺ‬ᔬਰ᠞‫ڥ‬ਝ૖ቨёȂӣਢᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ੏າ‫ުޟ‬໢ζོ෵ЍȄശ१
ौ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃџоጂ߳ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᛧۡȄ
ӵϭಝϷസୢϞࠉȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ᗙሯौ฿ཌᕣ၌Ιή ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ࢜ᄺȂӰ࣏ GNU/Linux

Ϛ჋
GNU/Linux Ιኺ࢐Ϸസԙ ȃ ȃ ้ᆄᆅዀȂՄ࢐஠
Microsoft Windows C D E

‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ϸസୢ഍௮ၷӵӣΙএ Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ή‫࢚ޟ‬এυҬᓃȂ‫ܚ‬оौӑ฿ཌϭ
/ (root)

ಝΙήѺ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ࢜ᄺȄծ೻ኺᗙϚஊȂҥܻؐএϷസୢ഍࢐ҥ฽ᆅ‫ܚ‬ϸസՄԙȂ
‫ܚ‬о࿋ณζौӑϭಝ฽ᡝ೩രӵ ‫ڼޟ‬Ӫᇄ྅‫܈‬Ȅ GNU/Linux

‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ௥ή‫پ‬஠ौϭಝ฽ᡝ೩ര‫ޟ‬фဴȃҬᓃ࢜ᄺȃ‫ڷ‬ϧቄ࢐ϷസୢоЅӨ
ᆍᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᓺીᘈȂശࡣӔளσড়໌Σᄂ୛ΰԃդ೎౩ᇄೣგȄ
࿋ณȂ ζџоᡱձ‫ׇ‬ӒϚሯौᔗ೻‫ٲ‬൷џоԊ၆‫ࣼޖޖپ‬Ȃԃӣ
GNU/Linux

MicrosoftȂձζџоѫϷസюΙএϷസୢȂณࡣӒഋ೩ۡ഍๝‫ف‬ಛਯ
Windows

ЖՌଢ଼೩ۡȂϚႆᄇܻ໌໦᠞‫پޱ‬ᇳȂᔖ၎ᗙ࢐ོདौҥՌϏඡ௡֑Ȋ೻ኺϗԤ
ԙ൷ཐ֢Ȋ
2-12 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ᗶณή७‫ޣޟ‬ᜋԤᘈᜲȃፒᚕȂծ೻࢐Ᏸԁ GNU/Linux ശஅҏᇄ҆င‫ޟ‬ႆแȄ

‫ܚ‬о፜σড়ᄚᄚӴ᠞ᔗȃ᠞೽Ȃष಑Ιԩ᠞Ϛᔗζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȃџоӑ౱ႆȂϚҢΙ
‫ޢ‬њӵ೻၇Ȅ้ձԊ၆ԁ‫ف‬ಛࡣȂ࿋঺ЈԤ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ࣺڗ‬ᜰ‫ޣޟ‬ᜋਢȂӔӱ‫پ‬Ꭷ᠞Ȅ
‫ޱܖ‬ฒಮ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂζџо਌ю‫پ‬ᙚΙᙚ঵Ȋ

2.3.1 GNU/Linux Ҭᓃ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺ

ӵ GNU/Linux ၇७Ȃ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ഍࢐௃ / (root) ਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫۽ܚ‬ժ‫ޟ‬ᐙ‫࢜ޑ‬ᄺȄζ
೨Ԥ᠞‫ོޱ‬୰Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥ࡞ӻᗻ฽ᆅȂ٥Ϛ൷Ԥ࡞ӻਲ਼Ҭᓃ༝ȉߨζߨζȊ‫ڏ‬ᄂ٥
‫ٲ‬฽ᆅ‫࢚ޟ‬এϷസୢϚོ჋ MS Windows ΙኺȂϷസԙ C ዀȃD ዀ‫ ڷ‬E ዀ้้Ȃ
Մ഍࢐ӵ٥এਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ۻܖ‬ή‫࢚ޟ‬এυҬᓃȂѫ࢐‫࢚װ‬এϷസୢ௮ၷȞmountȟ‫ڗ‬
٥এҬᓃጫΟȂζ൷࢐ᇳӵ Microsoft Windows ‫ ޟ‬X ዀᄇᔖ‫ ڗ‬GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
൷࢐௮ၷӵ࢚ΙএҬᓃ‫ۻ‬ήȄ
٥ቄ೻ኺυ௮‫پ‬௮ўȂᖂौԤএଔۖྛᓞᡱ‫ר‬ঈ௮֑ȉ‫ܚ‬оՍЍौԤΙ༵Ϸസ
ୢ๝ਲ਼Ҭᓃ / (root)Ȃ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ൷ོоԪ࣏அᙃച៉௮ӵਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫࢚ޟ‬এυҬᓃ
ήমȊԃԪ൷ོ‫ל‬ԙΙএԃყ 2.4 ‫ޟ‬ᐙ‫ޑ‬๖ᄺȄ
ҥܻ GNU/Linux ԤЊӻี՗‫ގ‬ΟȂծӵԞ෈ؐএี՗‫ގ‬഍ԤՌϏ୑ԁ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ
଩ညПԒȂӰԪԞ෈അԙ࡞ӻ‫ٺ‬Ң‫֨ޟޱ‬ᘙȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ࢚এ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ӵ A ี՗‫ގ‬ΰເΙ
‫ٲ‬แԒȂ๖‫঺ݎ‬Јт඲ B ี՗‫ގ‬ΟȂծ࢐тџ૖ӵ B ี՗‫ގ‬Ιኺ‫ޟ‬՝ည‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬၎
แԒ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ৲Ȅ࣏Οҁ਀೻ኺ‫ޟ‬િ‫ތ‬Ȃ Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
ȞFHSȇhttp://www.pathname.com/fhs/ȟ൷ю७‫ۡڙ‬ΟΙ‫ٲ‬኿ྥȂᡱӨএี՗
‫ގ‬Ԥএᆪौџо‫ޣ‬ၾ঺এҬᓃौܹϧቄኺ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȄҬࠉ FHS ۡဎ‫ؐ࢐ޟ‬এҬᓃ
‫ޟ‬σᆪȂ‫ܚ‬о࡞ӻಠഋ೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ᔬӪ‫ܖ‬೨ᗙ࢐Ԥ‫ܚ‬ϚӣȂծ࢐ඁн഍ܹӵӣΙএ
Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ήΟȄ೻ኺ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ӵ൶‫ޟײ‬ਢঐȂᔖ၎࢐ৠܾ೨ӻΟȄ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ζᒳ
ඉ೻ኺ‫ڼޟ‬Ӫ๖ᄺȂყ 2.4 ӵտ‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬ζᎌҢ঻Ȋ
ӵᕣ၌Οΰ७‫ޟ‬ϱৠϞࡣȂ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޣ‬ၾԊ၆ਢΙۡौԤΙএ / (root) ਲ਼ҬᓃȂ
‫ڏ‬тҬᓃ࢐‫ߣٷ‬ӵѺή७Ȅ೻‫ڏٲ‬т‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝ฽ᆅު໢џо࢐ᐿҳ
ю‫پ‬ӵѪѴΙᗻ฽ᆅ‫ܖ‬ӣΙᗻ‫ڏޟ‬тϷസୢ‫ࣥޱܖ‬ՍϚҢᐿҳю‫پ‬Ȅԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥ
ᐿҳю‫ޟپ‬ၗȂ൷࢐‫ٺ‬Ң / (root) ਲ਼ҬᓃϷസୢ‫ުޟ‬໢‫ޱܖ‬ӵΰΙቹ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝϷ
സୢު໢Ȅ
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-13

ყ 2.4 Ubuntu Ҭᓃ࢜ᄺҰཎყ

ਲ਼ᐃߒ 2.1 Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоՌ՗ຟե঺ΙএҬᓃШၶ१ौȂณࡣ‫֏࢐ؚۡ‬ᐿҳю

‫پ‬Ȃ೻ኺυџо਌‫پ‬࿋ԙཬ৛௡ᆓϞҢȄࡣ७ζོԤΙ‫ٲ‬Шၶৠܾࣼᔗ‫ޟ‬ᄂሬ
‫ٽ‬υȄ
ߒ 2.1 GNU/Linux ੫տሯौ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ
Ҭᓃ ђҢᇳ݂
/boot ഺႆব‫ݸ‬Ϟ༟ᑟ‫ݙ‬ቮঋߞᕫ੯Ȃ‫ڼ‬Ղ Linux kernel image ۶Ϙ‫ڱ‬ന‫ܠ‬
ᕫຈȄ༟ᑟ੡ȂႶϢ༟ᑟᇒನ຀Ց (bootloader) НࢢȂබྻభႶഺ
ৎӫᔂ‫دڭ‬੮ѕ࣍ᄊᕫႶϢۖୃᐸᢜȄ‫ݙ‬ѽՂ‫ލ‬ഺৎж൷஡ߞ੾Ց
࣏ bootloader ሮЙఀߞ႖Ȃබྻ๴Ӡ࢝ទদߞயᛟȄ൵࠲ᔍߞ࣏ഺ
ৎӫᔂళӡ Ext3 ‫ ݕ‬ReiserFS ߞж൷஡੾ՑȄ
/etc ᑋৎ‫ڀ‬೚ߞന‫ܠ‬ᕫවѼൌ‫ݸ‬ԴഺৎӫᔂܺϭȄ‫ݙ‬ѽঋ൯Ԋ੡Ȃഺৎ
ӫᔂϼေҞЙঋ‫؞‬Ϟ৭Ȋ
2-14 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

Ҭᓃ ђҢᇳ݂
/home ഺႆ‫ݸ‬Ϟ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰‫ݙ‬գߞৎϠᕫ੯Ȃ‫ڼ‬Ղְߞ࿰ѯ஧Ȃ዆ѯ۶ћԆຈȂ
ϵබ࣏‫ݙ‬ᓜߞਛӫᔂȄ‫ݙ‬ѽഺৎӫᔂ࢝দঋ৭Ȋ࢙៉ְ‫د‬ҹж༟ۖ
ᛝҳߞж൷஡ȂေϘ‫ڤ‬ч‫ڀ‬೚భϞᘘҞѽ࠲઻ְߞћԆඊȊ
/var/log ‫ݙ‬գ‫ڀ‬೚๳Ϣ‫ݕ‬Ϙ‫ڀڱ‬೚ߐᅗߞႤୈൌྻ॔ᔂԴഺႆȄ‫ݙ‬ѽՂ‫ְލ‬
࣏ӡԴ֨‫އ‬ᐡϯߞ႖ȂҞѽඏᑾж൷՘Ϙৎж൷஡ຜҹȂᘖֺԯऎ
щԺߞ‫އ‬ச॔ᔂᕫփ‫د‬๼ᇄߞਟ༓ཫ᜕ඊȊϘӌജཫ᜕Ȃ‫ڀ‬೚Ⴛ֯
බྻЙӒ௱ϞȄॶ࣏Դ੸ব‫ڀ‬೚ߞᕕӡϯߞ႖Ȃබٟգഺৎւ༓஧Ȋ
/var/spool ഺႆ௱௱ྻജ E-Mail ֨‫އ‬ᐡည՘֞ԕႤਫ਼Յ‫ߞݸ‬ԳўȄ‫ݙ‬ѽӡԴ
E-Mail ֨‫އ‬ᐡߞఐ‫؛‬ϭȂ࢙៉ᘘ࣏ᑾӲۖᛝҳߞж൷஡ѧႵՀȄ

2.3.2 ฽ᡝ೩ര‫ޟ‬фဴ
ӵ GNU/Linux ၇७Ԥএ࡞ԁ‫ޟޖ‬੫ՓȂ൷࢐‫ܚ‬Ԥ฽ᡝ೩ര഍࢐џоࣼԙ࢐࢚
এᔬਰ‫پ‬ᐇհȄ೻ኺԤএԁ೎࢐ȂᔖҢ೺ᡝѫौᆓԁᄇ٥এᔬਰौԃդᐇհȂՄ
Ϛ҆ौᆓᄂሬΰ฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬ၼհȄ‫ڏ‬ϛфߒ೩ര‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ڷ‬ᄂሬၼհ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝϛ໢‫ޟ‬ᜰ
೿Ȃ൷࢐ GNU/Linux kernel ‫ܚ‬ሯौ॒೰‫ޟ‬Ȅ
ᄇܻ IDE ฽ᆅ‫پ‬ᇳȂலலಢ၆Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬Ρᔖ၎഍‫ޣ‬ၾкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰശӻѫԤ‫ڍ‬এ IDE
ඨዀȂՄؐএඨዀ഍џоആႆ௶ጣ௥‫ڍ‬এ฽ᆅ֑Ȋкᐠ‫ݖ‬ΰ಑Ιএඨዀ൷࢐
IDE1ȞPrimaryȟȂ಑Πএඨዀ൷࢐ IDE2ȞSecondaryȟȂؐএඨዀΰџо௥‫ޟ‬
‫ڍ‬ᗻ฽ᆅ‫ڏ‬ϛΙᗻ࢐ MasterȂѪѴΙᗻ൷࢐ SlaveȂՍܻࡩኺրᘞџоആႆ฽ᆅ
ΰ‫ ޟ‬jumper ‫پ‬ு‫ޣ‬Ȅष࢐฽ᆅΰ‫ ޟ‬jumper ඨӵ cable selection ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ቄ௃
௶ጣࠉᆒኵႆ‫پ‬಑Ιᗻ൷࢐ Master ୨Ȋԃߒ 2.3Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоு‫ޣ‬ඨӵ಑Ιএඨዀ
‫ ޟ‬Master ฽ᆅȂѺ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰфဴ՝ည൷࢐ /dev/hda Ȋषӎᆅᐠ࢐၆ӵ಑Πএඨዀ
и jumper Ⴑ೩࢐ Slave ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻ਢঐӎᆅᐠ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰфဴ‫ޟ‬՝ည൷ӵ /dev/hdd
ോȊ
ᄇܻ SCSIȂSATA ‫ڷ‬ᓍ٘ᆅࠌ഍࢐ /dev/sd[a-z]Ȃծ࢐Ѻঈོ‫ྱٷ‬໷‫௶ו‬ήўȂ
౩፣ΰོӑ௶ SCSIȂณࡣ࢐ SATAȂശࡣϗ࢐ᓍ٘ᆅȂϚོԤ१᠒‫ޟ‬ഋӋȄӰ࣏
౪ӵ࡞ӻཱི‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ഍௴Ң SATA ฽ᆅȂ‫ܚ‬о፜଄ு೻‫ ٲ‬SATA ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬фဴ഍࢐‫ڷ‬
SCSI ҢΙኺ‫ޟ‬মȊᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳȂषձԤ‫ڍ‬Ѯ SATA ฽ᆅȂծ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ SCSI ၆ညȂ٥
ቄ಑Ιᗻ SATA ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ՝ညфဴ൷࢐/dev/sdaȂ಑Πᗻ൷࢐ /dev/sdbȂ࡞ᙏ
൐֑Ȋ
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-15

ߒ 2.2 GNU/Linux ೩രᔬਰ՝ည

೩ര ၎೩രᔬਰфဴ՝ည
IDE ๼ᇄ /dev/hd[a-z]
SCSI ๼ᇄᑟ /dev/sd[a-z]
SATA ๼ᇄᑟ /dev/sd[a-z]
ᔌ‫ڗ‬ᇄ‫ݕ‬ᡝҙᑟ /dev/sd[a-z]
ԍᇄᑟ /dev/cdrom ( ഼௱࣏ soft link ۖ /dev/hdd)
ᇃ௲ᑟ /dev/st0
ഹᇄᑟ /dev/fd[0-1]

ߒ 2.3 GNU/Linux IDE ฽ᆅфဴ

IDE \ Jumper Master Slave

IDE1 (Primary) /dev/hda /dev/hdb

IDE2 (Secondary) /dev/hdc /dev/hdd

2.3.3 ϷസୢᙏϭȞPartitionȟ
ࠉ७ϐငඪ‫ڗ‬ΟȂӵ MicroSoft Winsows ϛӣΙᗻ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬Өএዀ‫ڏ‬ᄂ൷фߒΟ
Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȄՄலலΙૡΡ൉᠍‫װ‬฽ᆅϷസԙ C ዀ‫ ڷ‬D ዀȂԪਢषሯौ१ៀ
ਢ‫ܚ‬Ԥၥਟ‫ڷ‬МӇ഍ܹӵ D ዀȂ൷џоѫ‫فװ‬ಛᆅ C ዀਿԒϽւଶȂӔ१ៀ‫ف‬
ಛȂԃԪၥਟ൷ϚҢരӋю‫پ‬Ȃџо࡞ৠܾ‫ׇ‬ԙ१ៀи߳ԆၥਟȊӣኺӴȂӵ
GNU/Linux ζ࢐ΙኺȂ‫ר‬ঈ൉᠍‫װ‬१ौ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃϷտܹӵϚӣ‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȂ೻ኺυ‫ف‬
ಛюΟ୰ᚠζ૖࡞ৠܾ‫پ‬௿ධȄ
‫ܖ‬೨ΰ७‫ޟ‬ᖿ‫ݲ‬Њႆܻ‫ܪ‬ຫȂ‫ר‬ঈџоདԙΙᗻཱི฽ᆅ൷჋࢐Ι໢তᇐԁ‫ޟ‬σ
ᒲϴࡉȂ၇७‫ؠ‬ԤႤ໢Ȃ‫ܚ‬оᐌএު໢࡞σȂζ೨Ԥ 100 ‫ہ‬Ȅծ‫ڏ‬ᄂ೻ኺ‫ުޟ‬໢
‫ٮ‬ϚП߯ೝ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ר‬ঈሯौਲ਼ᐃཾ୛‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ‫װ‬ᐌএު໢հႤ໢Ȃџ૖Ⴄԙࡊ݈ഋ
ߞ 30 ‫ہ‬Ȃ‫׬‬೚ഋߞԤ 40 ‫ہ‬Ȃᆓ౩໦઻ᒲϴࡉ 30 ‫ہ‬Ȅ‫܄‬ԪϞ໢഍ԤႤ໢Ȃ೻ኺ
൷ᆗ࢚এഋߞีҡЬ‫خ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬тഋߞζϚོ‫ڧ‬ኇ៪ോȊད჋ΙήȂငႆΙଲυ‫ޟ‬ᒲ
ϴࡣȂӨഋߞ‫ޟ‬ഭ঍‫ڷ‬၆Ⱆ഍ϐင൷ۡ՝ΟȂԃ‫ݎ‬೻ਢঐϗौ‫׽‬ᡐ‫ہ‬ኵೣგȂ࢐
Ϛ࢐࡞ബྮ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ܚ‬оႫသ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬Ϸസୢζ࢐ࣺӣ‫ޟ‬ၾ౩Ȋ
2-16 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

౪ӵ‫ר‬ঈौ໠ۖᖿᆄᆅϷസߒȞpartition tableȟΟȂ೻ζ࢐ᄇߑᏰ‫ޱ‬ശ֨ᜲ‫ޟ‬
ഋӋȂலலӰ࣏‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾࡩኺ໌՗ᎌ࿋‫ޟ‬ϷസՄഅԙၥਟ‫ྒཬޟ‬ȂӰԪ᠞‫ޱ‬
ӵ೻၇џौञЖ‫ंޟ‬᠞Ȋ
‫ר‬ঈॶӑ‫װ‬฽ᆅད჋ԙ࢐Ι໢࡞σ‫ޟ‬ᒲϴࡉȂԃყ 2.5 ‫ܚ‬ҰȂߞοഋӋԤΙএ
ᘣυᡱձܹᒲϴࡉࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȅ٥এᘣυ൷ѩհкौ໠ᐠᆄୢȞ MBR, Master
Boot Recorder ȟȂՄᘣυ၇७Ԥ‫ڍ‬এ‫ܪ‬஢ȂΙএ࢐ܹည໠ᐠᆓ౩แԒȞ boot
loaderȟȂѪѴΙএ൷࢐ܹညᆄᆅϷസߒȞpartition tableȟȂ೻এᆄᆅϷസߒ൷
࢐कᓃᐌএᒲϴࡉႤ໢Ⴄ‫ޟ׋‬ӴПȄ

ყ 2.5 ު฽ᆅ࢜ᄺҰཎყ

Ӱ࣏ᆄᆅϷസߒ‫ުޟ‬໢Ԥ३Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈѫ૖ᓽԆശӻѲ໢Ⴄ໢‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂषձ‫ؠ‬
Ԥӵ೻ѲএႤ໢‫װ‬ᐌএ‫ہ‬ኵგϷ‫ׇ‬Ȃ٥ቄӻю‫ުޟپ‬໢൷ฒ‫ٺݲ‬ҢমȊՄᐌ໢ᒲ
ϴࡉ૖Ⴄԙ‫ܘޟ‬໢ᖂӓԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂΙᆍ࢐кϷസୢȞPrimaryȟȂѪѴΙᆍ࢐‫۽‬ժ
ϷസୢȞExtendedȟȂиೣۡ‫۽‬ժϷസୢശӻѫ૖ԤΙ໢Ȅ٥ቄ‫۽‬ժϷസୢ࢐ौ
਌‫پ‬ୈϧቄҢ‫ڹޟ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫۽‬ժϷസୢ࢐Ϛ૖‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ȂџоࣼԙѺ࢐ѪѴΙᆍ
‫ܘ‬໢Ȃࠉ७ζԤᘣυᓽԆ‫۽‬ժϷസୢ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂծ࢐Ӱ࣏၇७‫ؠ‬Ԥഭ঍Ȃ‫ܚ‬о
‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ޢݲ‬௥‫ٺ‬ҢȄ‫ܚ‬о‫۽‬ժϷസୢᗙौӔϷസԙᡒᒮϷസୢȞLogicalȟȂ௃‫۽‬ժ
ϷസୢӔϷസ‫ޟ‬ᡒᒮϷസୢശӻџоϷസ‫ ڗ‬12 এȂ࢈ശࡣџҢ‫ޟ‬ശӻϷസୢኵ
ོԤ 3 এкϷസୢ + 12 এᡒᒮϷസୢ = 15 এϷസୢȂஊҢΟ֑Ȋ
ߒ 2.4 Ϛӣᆍ᜸‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȞо hda ‫ ޟ‬IDE ฽ᆅ࣏‫ٽ‬ȟ
᜸տ ђҢ
ѹж൷஡ Ҟѽߡత੾ՑмᔼՅᕫ੯Ȃ۶ܼ֩ж൷஡Ґ୓‫ߞڽ‬ᗁዴҪକգ 4 ৎȊ
ܼ֩ж൷஡ ЙକߡతᔼՅᕫ੯ȂႆবӅ༷ᘘঋգᢑᓭж൷஡‫֯ڽ‬ж൷Ȃ‫ڭ‬ѷ൵Ժ
ҪକϘৎܼ֩ж൷஡ඊȊ
ᢑᓭж൷஡ Ҟѽߡత੾ՑмᔼՅᕫ੯Ȃ࣏‫ڶ‬ᓥԴܼ֩ж൷஡ܺϭȄᇃᇄ҃ၳԴ
hda5 ѽࢢȂᗁԒҞѽգ 12 ৎȄ
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-17

ؐএϷസୢӵ GNU/Linux ഍ԤѺ‫ޟ‬၆ညᔬਰфဴȂѺ‫ޟ‬фဴ൷࢐฽ᆅ၆ညф

ဴࡣ७ёΰኵԅȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈ‫ װ‬4 এϷസୢ഍ϷസԙкौϷസୢȂ٥ቄ൷ོԃყ
2.6 ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ๝‫ޟ‬ϷസୢфဴϷտ࢐ hda1 ‫ ڗ‬hda4Ȅծ࢐೻এਢঐԃ‫ݎ‬དौ຺ႆ 4
এϷസୢ‫ڹ‬ȉ٥൷ுौ‫ٺ‬Ң‫۽‬ժϷസୢ୨Ȋ‫ר‬ঈџо‫װ‬ყ 2.6 ശࡣΙএкϷസୢ
඲ԙ‫۽‬ժϷസୢȂӔ‫װ‬٥এ‫۽‬ժϷസୢϷസԙ 3 এᡒᒮϷസୢȂശࡣོԃყ 2.7Ȃ
Ԥ 6 এϷസୢџоҢ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
଄ுോȊᡒᒮϷസୢΙۡ࢐௃ hda5 ໠ۖȂՄࠉ७তԁԤ hda1 ‫ ڗ‬hda4 ೻ 4
এфဴȂ൷࢐๝кϷസୢ‫۽ڷ‬ժϷസୢҞϷ‫ޟ‬ോȂՍܻ‫۽‬ժϷസୢ࢐Ϛ૖‫ޢ‬௥Ң
‫ޟ‬ȂശӻζѫԤΙএȂौ‫۽‬ժϷസୢ၇७‫ޟ‬ᡒᒮϷസୢϗџо‫ޢ‬௥ೝ‫ٺ‬Ң঵Ȋ

ყ 2.6 ѲএкϷസୢҰཎყ

ყ 2.7 έএкϷസୢёΙএ‫۽‬ժϷസୢҰཎყ

࿋ณ‫ר‬ঈζџоҢΙএкϷസୢ଩ΰΙএ‫۽‬ժϷസୢȂԃყ 2.8 ‫پ‬ႀ‫ڷڗ‬ყ 2.7

ΙኺԤ 6 এϷസୢ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃծ࢐‫ר‬ঈᄂ୛ΰШၶ൉᠍ӑ‫װ‬кौϷസୢҢ‫ׇ‬ȂӔ‫پ‬
ས଩‫۽‬ժϷസୢ‫ٺ‬ҢȄϚᆓࡩኺȂѫौ଄ுΙএೣࠌȂкौϷസୢё‫۽‬ժϷസୢ
ശӻѫ૖Ԥ 4 এȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬഍ᓍ᠞‫ޱ‬ଽᑹ‫ีپ‬ථ୨Ȋ

ყ 2.8 ΙএкϷസୢёΙএ‫۽‬ժϷസୢҰཎყ

ӵ Linux ϛΙۡौೝᐿҳგϷю‫ޟپ‬ϷസୢԤ / (root) ‫ ڷ‬swapȂषձѫौ೻ኺ

அҏ‫ޟ‬Ϸസ‫ݲ‬Ȃ٥ቄԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐᒵՌଢ଼Ϸസ൷࢐௴Ң೻ᆍհ‫ݲ‬Ȃծ࢐ᄇܻԤ੫੆
2-18 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ሯؑ‫ޟ‬ΡȂ೻ኺσ྅Ϛ૖ᡱձᅖ֑ٗȊ‫ڏ‬тЙଢ଼ೣგПԒȂ๋‫ޱ‬஠ོӵ 2.3.5 ࿽
၏ಠଆ፣‫ڷ‬ೣგȄ
ϷസୢȈ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ഍࢐ਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬υҬᓃȂ‫ܚ‬о೻এϷസୢΙۡौԤȊ
/ (root)

ϷസୢȈswap Ϸസୢ࢐ୈϧቄҢ‫ڹޟ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂѺџσџωȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ӵ
swap

଄ᏹᡝσড়഍၆ 768MB ‫ ܖ‬1GB ‫ޟ‬ԑфȄѺ‫ޟ‬ђ૖᜸խཌ೺ Windows XP

‫ޟ‬ຎᔣ଄ᏹᡝȂϚႆӵ Windows XP ၇७ຎᔣ଄ᏹᡝ࢐൐ᐿΙএᔬਰԆܹ
ӵ C ዀȂծ࢐ӵ GNU/Linux ϱࠌ࢐ᐿҳԙ࣏ΙএϷസୢȄ೽ல swap ࢐ӵ
ເσแԒਢঐȂषሯौҢ‫ޟڗ‬଄ᏹᡝШ‫ف‬ಛ᏿Ԥ‫ޟ‬к଄ᏹᡝᗙσਢȂϗོ
ӑ‫װ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ϚலҢ‫ޟ‬ၥਟܹ‫ڗ‬ຎᔣ଄ᏹᡝ၇७Ȃณࡣ้ौҢ‫ڗ‬ਢȂӔ‫װ‬Ѻѩ
ю‫پ‬ȄՄ‫ྱٷ‬Ιૡᙟ‫ڙ‬ငᡛ‫ࠌݲ‬Ȃswap ࢐к଄ᏹᡝ‫ॻڍޟ‬Ȃծ࢐๋‫࡚ޱ‬
ដ࢐‫ڷ‬к଄ᏹᡝΙኺσ൷ԁ‫ୁޱܖ‬૒ 512 MB ‫ ޟ‬swap ൷࡞ஊҢ୨Ȋ

2.3.4 ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਿԒᙏϭ
ӵ Microsoft Winsows ‫ޟ‬жࣨȂ฽ᆅџоਿԒϽԙ NTFSȃFAT32ȃFAT16 ้
้Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ਿԒȄӣኺӴȂӵ GNU/Linux ‫ۻ‬ήζ࢐Ԥ࡞ӻϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਿԒџ
‫ټ‬ᒵᐅȄҬࠉӵ GNU/Linux ‫ۻ‬ήȂШၶலҢ‫ޟ‬Ԥ೻ඁᆍਿԒȈ Ext2/Ext3 ȃ
ReiserFSȃXFS ‫ ڷ‬JFS ้ኵᆍȄ࿋ณӨᆍਿԒ഍Ԥ‫ڏ‬ᓺીᘈȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ஠ୈΙ‫ٲ‬
ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϭಝȄ
ଶΟ Ext2 оѴȂ‫ڏ‬тඁᆍ഍࢐Рᇬ࠮ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȄ٥ϧቄ࢐Рᇬ࠮ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ڹ‬ȉ
൷࢐‫ف‬ಛོӻҢΙ‫ٲ‬᚞Ѵ‫ުޟ‬໢कᓃ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ‫ޑ‬ᄘȂӰՄӵϚғல໠ᜰᐠࡣȂ
Ϛሯᐌএ฽ᆅ१ཱི௭ජ‫࡮پ‬ඈғல‫فޟ‬ಛ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ
ȈԪ࣏ΙߨலՂᙟиϚЛධРᇬ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਿԒȂԞ෈‫ ޟ‬Linux
Ext2

‫ޖ‬ড়ᔖ၎ᗙ଄ு֑ȂӵؐԩϚғலᜰᐠࡣȂ१ཱི໠ᐠਢᒿᇲᔮࢥོሯौ࡞
δȂՄиӵϚғலᜰᐠήȂலலོᡱձΙԩϚَ࡞ӻᔬਰȂ౪ӵϐင࡞Ѝ
Ρ‫ٺ‬Ң೻᜸ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛΟȊ
Ȉ࣏ Ext2 এ‫ގي׽‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о Ext2 џо‫ޢ‬௥Ѐ઻ԙ࣏ Ext3 ՄϚ҆१ཱིਿ
Ext3

ԒϽȂ೻ζџоᡱᙟ‫ ޟ‬Ext2 ‫ف‬ಛ‫؁‬ёᛧۡȄՄкौ‫ ڷ‬Ext2 ‫ޟ‬৯տ࢐ቨё

ΟРᇬ‫ف‬ಛȞmetadataȟȂ‫ܚ‬оӵϚғல໠ᜰᐠࡣȂџоٞഀ‫فٺ‬ಛ࡮ඈȄ
ՄӰ࣏ѺᇄᙟԤ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛࣺৠȂӰԪ࡞ӻี՗‫ގ‬഍Ⴑ೩‫ٺ‬Ң Ext3Ȅծ࢐
ӵᄂሬกၐΰȂѺ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ‫ٺ‬Ң౥‫ڏ‬ᄂϚ‫ٹ‬Ȃσ྅ѫԤઍғު໢‫ ޟ‬93% ོೝ
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-19

‫ٺ‬Ң‫ڗ‬ȂՍܻ‫ڏ‬тਝ૖กၐߒ౪ࠌ࣏ϛ้ȄӵਿԒϽᇄ࡚ҳᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ਢ
໢ζ࢐‫ڏ‬тᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ኵ̈ॻȄ
ReiserFS Ȉhttp://www.namesys.comȈ௴ҢРᇬ࠮‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂ࣏ Hans
Reiser ‫ܚ‬ഺȂӰԪот‫ޟ‬Ӫԅ‫ڼپ‬ӪȄ‫׬‬೚ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬B*-tree ࣏அᙃ‫ޟ‬
ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ڏ‬੫Փ࣏௃೎౩σ࠮ᔬਰ‫ڗ‬ಀӻωᔬਰ഍џоҢ࡞ଽ‫ޟ‬ਝ౥೎
౩Ȅᄂ୛ΰ ReiserFS ӵ೎౩ᔬਰωܻ 1k ‫ޟ‬ωᔬਰਢȂਝ౥ࣥՍџоШ
Ext3 ‫פ‬घ 10 ॻȂ‫ܚ‬о ReiserFS டߝ࢐ӵ೎౩࡞ӻωᔬਰȄՄӵΙૡᐇհ
ΰȂѺ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ߒ౪ζԤϛΰ‫ޟ‬แ࡙Ȅ
XFS Ȉhttp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/Ȉᛲყώհમϴѧ SGI ࣏Οଽ઻ᛲ
ყ೎౩Ꮲ‫ف‬ಛ IRIX ‫ܚ‬೩ॎ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰਿԒȂζ࢐឴ܻРᇬ࠮ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȄՄ SGI
һ஠‫ڏ‬ಋේ‫ ڗ‬GNU/Linux ΰȄӰ࣏নҏ࢐ବᄇଽਝ૖ᛲყ೩ॎȂи࣏ଽ໦
ώհમ‫ٺܚ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬оӵᛧۡ‫ڷܒ‬ਝ౥ΰ࢐ฒႦညᅸ‫ޟ‬Ȅ፣‫ڏ‬ӵᄂ୛ΰ‫ߒޟ‬
౪ȂѺӵ೎౩Өᆍᔬਰσω౅ӫ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήਝ౥ശԁȂ‫ٮ‬иӵΙૡ‫ٺ‬ҢΰԤ
Ϛᒿ‫ߒޟ‬౪Ȅ
JFS Ȉhttp://jfs.sourceforge.netȈ࣏Ӓ౨ശσႫသ‫ټ‬ᔖ୦ IBM ࣏ AIX ‫ف‬Ӗ
೩ॎ‫ޟ‬Рᇬ࠮ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂ‫׬‬೚ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬B+-tree ࣏அᙃ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ڷ‬
ReiserFS ‫ٺ‬Ң B*-tree ϚӣȄIBM AIX թ݈Ꮲӵ࡞ӻߜᒊᐠᄺΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬
оᛧۡ‫ؠ࢐ܒ‬ၗᇳ‫ޟ‬ȄՄѺശ१ौ‫ޟ‬੫Փ࢐ӵ೎౩ᔬਰ I/O ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ࢐‫ܚ‬Ԥ
ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ၇७ശϚլ CPU ၥྛ‫ޟ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ CPU ‫ٺ‬Ң౥ശճȄՄиӵ೻ኺ
࿽ࣸ‫ٺ‬Ң CPU ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήȂѺ‫ޟ‬ਝ౥ߒ౪ᗙԤϛΰоΰ‫ޟ‬แ࡙Ȅ
ᗶณ Ext3 ਝ૖ϚԁȞӵРᇬ࠮ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛϛਝ౥ΰᆗ࢐ശᕸᑤ‫ޟ‬ΟȟȂ٥࣏դ
ᗙԤ٥ቄӻΡ‫ٺ‬Ңȉ٥࢐Ӱ࣏࿋ਢ Ext3 џо‫ޢ‬௥௃ Ext2 Ѐ઻ȂՄϚሯौӑരӋ
ၥਟȂณࡣਿԒϽࡣӔ‫װ‬ᔬਰፒᇧӱўȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ٺ‬ҢΡኵശӻȄծ೻ζϚ૖Ӓณ܏
ѺȂӰ࣏Ѻ࣏Ο‫ ڷ‬Ext2 ࣺৠȂ‫ܚ‬оध॒Ο࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬ᐣѬѓບȄӰԪ‫࡚ר‬ដཱི‫ޟ‬Ⴋ
သՃኌ‫ٺ‬Ң ReiserFXȃXFS ‫ ܖ‬JFSȄष࢐оਝ૖࣏ՃኌȂࠌџоᒵᐅ ReiserFS
‫ ܖ‬XFSȄष࢐‫ف‬ಛၥྛϚӻȂौ‫ٺ‬Ңശճ‫ ޟ‬CPU ‫ٺ‬Ң౥Ȃ٥ቄџоᒵᐅ JFSȂ
Ӱ࣏ѺԤ๿ശԁ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ၥྛШȄ
ӵᆩၯΰԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛਝ૖ຟեȂ೻၇Ӗю‫پ‬๝᠞‫ޱ‬୤ՃΙήȈ
http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/388
http://fsbench.netnation.com/
2-20 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

http://linuxgazette.net/122/TWDT.html
http://linuxgazette.net/102/piszcz.html

2.3.5 ໠ۖೣგձ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ
ᓍ๿ӈ୛‫ޟ‬ϚӣȂձџоԤӨᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅೣგȄ๋‫ޱ‬୅೩ձ‫ٺ‬Ң 80 GB ‫ޟ‬
IDE ฽ᆅȂ଄ᏹᡝ 512 MBȂӰԪೣგ swap ࢐ 512 MBȂ฽ᆅ၆ညфဴ࢐ hdaȄ
๋‫ޱ‬ඪ‫ټ‬оήඁᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅೣგȂϷտ࢐ᎌӫΣߞȂ໌໦‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ܚ‬ሯौȂ
᠞‫ޱ‬џоຜሯؑՌ՗୤ՃȄϚႆձӵ໌՗ϷസϞࡣȂԤџ૖ོӰ࣏඲ᆗ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ
Ѝএඁ MBȂ٥࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥᜰ߽‫ޟ‬ȂѫौϚौЊᚔᜊȂ഍ᔖ၎࢐‫ؠ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
ߒ 2.5 ཱིЙΣߞਹ७Ϸസୢ୤Ճ
௮ၷᘈ ၆ည ᇳ݂ ৠ໔
/ /dev/hda1 (ѹж൷஡) ࢙៉ళӡ ReiserFS 79.5GB
swap /dev/hda2 (ѹж൷஡) ໍᕢୃᐸᢜ 512MB

ߒ 2.6 ໌໦ਹ७Ϸസୢ୤Ճ
௮ၷᘈ ၆ည ᇳ݂ ৠ໔
/ /dev/hda1 (ѹж൷஡) ࢙៉ళӡ ReiserFS 15GB
/home /dev/hda2 (ѹж൷஡) ‫د‬/homeȞਛӫᔂȟᑾӲऎ 64GB
ҩҳϘৎж൷஡Ȃॶ࣏‫ڀ‬೚
দ៿੡ȂৎϠႤਫ਼බҞѽ઻
ϭ‫ڽ‬ϞȄ࢙៉ళӡ
ReiserFS ੾Ց
/boot /dev/hda3 ( ѹж൷஡) ‫ݸ‬၉༟ᑟहᝯߞ੮ѕᕫ 128MB
੯ Ȃ ࢙ ៉ ళ ӡ Ext3 ‫ݕ‬
ReiserFS
swap /dev/hda4 ( ѹж൷஡) ໍᕢୃᐸᢜ 512MB
 2.3 Ԋ၆ࠉೣგ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋ 2-21

ߒ 2.7 թ݈ᏢϷസୢ୤Ճ
௮ၷᘈ ၆ည ᇳ݂ ৠ໔
/ /dev/hda1 (ѹж൷஡) ࢙៉ళӡ ReiserFS 15GB
/home /dev/hda2 (ѹж൷஡) ‫د‬/homeȞਛӫᔂȟᑾӲऎ 64GB
ҩҳϘৎж൷஡Ȃॶ࣏‫ڀ‬೚
দ៿੡ȂৎϠႤਫ਼බҞѽ઻
ϭ‫ڽ‬ϞȄ੾Ցϯ࢙៉ళӡ
ReiserFS
/boot /dev/hda3 ( ѹж൷஡) ‫ݸ‬၉༟ᑟहᝯߞ੮ѕᕫ 128MB
੯ Ȃ ࢙ ៉ ళ ӡ Ext3 ‫ݕ‬
ReiserFS
/dev/hda4 ( ܼ֩ж൷஡) Йକߡత‫ڹ‬ӡȂቮঋԓ೟ж 18GB
՘ϭবߞᢑᓭж൷஡
/var/log /dev/hda5 ( ᢑᓭж൷஡) ‫ݸ‬၉Ϙ‫ڀڱ‬೚॔ᔂᕫȂ࢙៉ 2GB
൵Հ࣏ᑾӲҍ‫ڽ‬Ȅ੾Ցϯ࢙
៉ళӡ ReiserFSȄ
/var/spool /dev/hda6 ( ᢑᓭж൷஡) Ҟକ࣏ E-Mail ຈ֞ԕՅ‫ݸ‬ 15GB
ߞԳўȂ࢙៉൵Հ࣏ᑾӲҍ
‫ڽ‬Ȅ੾Ցϯ࢙៉ళӡ
ReiserFSȄ
swap /dev/hda7 ( ᢑᓭж൷஡) ໍᕢୃᐸᢜȄ 1GB

ؐএϷസୢ഍࢐џоԆܹᐿҳ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂϣࣺϚኇ៪Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоӵ
hda1 Ԋ၆ Windows XPȂณࡣ hda2 Ԋ၆ GNU/LinuxȂӔആႆ MBR ΰ‫ ޟ‬bootloader
‫پ‬ᒵᐅौҢ঺এϷസୢ‫پ‬໠ᐠȄԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ઍ‫ޟ‬དौ‫ٺ‬Ңᚖ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ࡚ដ࢐ӑԊ
၆ Windows XPȂ‫ٮ‬иӵԊ၆ਢ੼ή഻ή‫ުޟ‬໢‫پ‬ୈ᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬Ϸസୢ๝ Ubuntu ‫ٺ‬
ҢȂԃԪӵԊ၆ Ubuntu оࡣȂUbuntu ‫ ޟ‬bootloaderɯGRUB ஠ོՌଢ଼೩ۡԙ
໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐџоԤᚖ‫ف‬ಛ‫ټ‬ձᒵᐅȄ፜଄ுശԁϚौӑԊ၆ Ubuntu ӔԊ၆
Windows XPȂ೻ኺ GRUB ‫ޟ‬೩ོۡೝ Windows XP ࢿ௬Ȃ٥ձ൷ுौЙଢ଼१ཱི
Ԋ၆ GRUB ‫ ڗ‬MBR ΟȊ
ष࢐ձઍ‫ޟ‬Ϛད१ៀ Windows XPȂџоӑ१ᐌ฽ᆅȂณࡣҢ SPFDISK ೻এ
ώ‫ڎ‬แԒ‫װ‬฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬Ϸസߒᡐ‫؁‬σωȂ೻ኺ൷џоᔠюު໢‫پ‬၆ UbuntuȄծ೻এ
П‫ݲ‬੫տ੼ཎȂ‫ٮ‬ϚΙོۡԙђȂՄиζ೨ོഅԙձ‫ޟ‬ၥਟᒸѶȄ
2-22 ಑ ണ Ԋ၆ࠉྥര
2

ߒ 2.8 Ubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Windows XP ᚖ‫ف‬ಛϷസୢ୤Ճ

௮ၷᘈ ၆ည ᇳ݂ ৠ໔
XP Չ ႅ /dev/hda1 (ѹж൷஡) ࢙៉ԐՉႅ Windows XP 30GB
ԴCዿ
/ /dev/hda2 (ѹж൷஡) ࢙៉ళӡ ReiserFS 49GB
swap /dev/hda3 (ѹж൷஡) ໍᕢୃᐸᢜ 512MB
 ෠‫ז‬Њཆ Ubuntu

3.1 ΢ώႅ෠ጠ
ѫौ࢐‫ٺ‬Ңџ໠ᐠӎᆅаԊ၆ӈդհཾ‫ف‬ಛȂΙ໠ۖ‫ܚ‬ୈ‫ޟ‬಑ΙӇ‫ٱ‬Ȃ൷࢐೩
ۡ BIOS ᡱձ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ௃ӎᆅ໠ᐠȂϚႆ೻এഋӋШၶϚᎌӫӵԪᖿ၌ȂӰ࣏Өኅ
ถкᐠ‫ ޟݖ‬BIOS ೩ۡПԒ഍ϚΙኺȂԃ‫ؠݎ‬ՌϏៀႆհཾ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬տᐊЖȂ
Ӱ࣏࡞ᙏ൐Ȅஅҏΰձີӱ‫ޟپ‬кᐠ‫ݖ‬഍ོԤᇳ݂ਪȂ։‫ٺ‬ᇳ݂ਪϚَΟζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ
߽ȂᆩၯΰζԤ࡞ӻఀᏰȂѫौ‫ޣ‬ၾΟձ‫ޟ‬кᐠ‫ގ‬ኅถ࠮ဴȂҢ google search
Ιή഍ོ࡞ӻఀᏰ‫ޟ‬МണȄ

3.2 ϻࡧ෠ጠ‫ڟ‬ЊཆӬͽ
៫ӪࡦဎȂ൷࢐ӵΙഋႫသΰԊ၆ӻএհཾ‫ف‬ಛȄԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐ Linux ཱིЙȂ٥ձ
ΙོۡԤ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂӻ१հཾ‫ف‬ಛौࡩቄԊ၆‫ڹ‬ȉौࡩቄᒵᐅհཾ‫ف‬ಛ୭ȉӵ
೻এω࿽๋‫ޱ‬൷ၭձᖿ၌ΙήȄॶӑȂӵԊ၆ਢϚᆓձ࢐ौԊ၆ϧቄ‫ف‬ಛȂौ଄
ு Linux ࢐ശᄚ၆ΰў‫ޟ‬ȂӰ࣏ Linux ඁнџоЛධ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫فޟ‬ಛᔬਰਿԒȄ୅ԃ
᠞‫ޱ‬དौӵΙѮႫသΰ၆ Linux ‫ ڷ‬WindowsȂ٥ቄϚᆓձ࢐ҢΙᗻ฽ᆅ‫࢐ܖ‬ӻ
ᗻȂѫौҢ spfdisk ‫ ࢐ܖ‬Windows ғ‫ގ‬ӎᆅԊ၆ਢȂႱ੼ΙήԊ၆ Linux ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬
ު໢։џȄ௥๿ӵձࣼႆΟΰ७಑ΠണȂΟ၌ႆΟ Linux ࢐ࡩቄᄇ฽ᆅᇄϷസୢ
3-2 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ୈጡဴਢȂ٥ቄձᔖ၎џоϷᒱю‫پ‬Ȃতϗ၆ΰў‫ ޟ‬Windows ࢐঺Ιএ฽ᆅᇄ

ϷസୢȂณࡣѫौӵԊ၆ Ubuntu ਢȂӵ೩ۡᆄᆅϷസհཾਢ஠ Windows ᆄୢ௮
ၷΰўȂ൷џоӵԊ၆‫ ׇ‬Ubuntu ࡣӵਹ७ΰࣼ‫ ڗ‬Windows ‫ޟ‬ᆄୢ᠅Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џо
ও‫׽‬Ιή௮ၷᘈȂ‫ڗ‬ਢঐོШၶԁϷᒱȄ‫ٽ‬ԃȈӵή७Ԋ၆ਢȂ௮ၷᘈџо೩ԙ
/media/D ೻ኺυ‫پ‬фߒ D ዀȄौ᠞‫ ڥ‬Windows ‫ ޟ‬NTFS ᆄୢȂџоᎧ᠞಑̈έ
ണ‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂Ȅ

3.3 ෠‫ז‬Њཆ
ҏਪΰߣ‫ޟ‬ӎᆅ࢐ DVD ‫ ޟ‬386 ‫ގ‬ҏȂष᠞ਪདौ‫ڏ‬т‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ӎᆅȂ
‫ڏ‬୤Ճ಑ΠണȄ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬൷ᙏ൐ϭಝΙήȂLive CD Ԋ၆ᇄМԅϭ७዁ԒԊ၆Ȃ
٥ቄ௥ή‫پ‬൷࢐ܹΣӎᆅ໠ᐠ᠅Ȅ಑Ιএห७ԤΤএᒵ໶Ȅџоᒵᐅ಑Ι໶Ȃం
ଢ଼ UbuntuȂ೻এᒵ໶࡞ԁҢȂ࢐Ң Live CD ‫ޟ‬ПԒ໠ం UbuntuȂ࿋ณζџо‫ޢ‬
௥о೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂԊ၆ UbuntuȄ

ყ 3.1 Ubuntu ໠ᐠᒵ൐

 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-3

ӑࡸή F2 ᒵᐅϛМ(ᖅᡝ)

ყ 3.2 ϛМ(ᖅᡝ)

3.3.1 Live CD ዁ԒԊ၆ Ubuntu

ӎᆅܹΣࡣᒵᐅ಑Ι໶Ȃంଢ଼ UbuntuȄ

ყ 3.3 о Live CD ዁ԒԊ၆

3-4 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

໠ᐠႆแ‫ޟ‬ყ൷Ϛߣΰ᠅Ȋณࡣ‫ޢ‬௥ོ໌‫ڗ‬ਹ७Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоӑၐ‫ޖ‬Ιή
UbuntuȄ௥๿፜᠞‫ࡸޱ‬ήਹ७ΰ‫ ޟ‬Install ໠ۖԊ၆Ȅ

ყ 3.4 Ubuntu ਹ७

௥๿ᒵᐅϛМ(ᖅᡝ)‫ޟ‬ᒵ໶Ȅ

ყ 3.5 ᒵᐅᖅᡝϛМ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-5

ณࡣᒵᐅձ‫ޟ‬ਢୢȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձࠉ७ϏငᒵᐅᖅᡝϛМȂ٥ቄ‫ف‬ಛོՌଢ଼ᔓձ೩ԙ
Taipei GMT+8:00Ȃ࿋ณ᠅Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӔࡸή೩ۡਢ໢‫پ‬Ռ՗፡ᐌ঻Ȅ

ყ 3.6 ೩ۡਢୢᇄਢ໢
ᒵᐅձ‫ޟ‬ᗤዺ௶ӖПԒȄ೽லѮᢊ഍࢐Ңछᇭ‫ ޟ‬QWERTY ‫௶ޟ‬ӖȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇
൷ᒵ U. S. EnglishȄ

ყ 3.7 ᒵᐅձ‫ޟ‬ᗤዺ௶ӖПԒ
3-6 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

௥ή‫پ‬ᒯΣΙήȂۗӪȃழဴȃ஝ጆоЅձ‫ޟ‬ႫသӪᆎȄ

ყ 3.8 ᒯΣஅҏၥଉ
ᆄᆅϷസȂᒵᐅ಑Ιএւଶᐌᗻᆄᆅ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ፜ጂۡձ‫ޟ‬೻ᗻᆄᆅ࢐‫ׇ‬Ӓ഍ौ๝
Ubuntu Ң‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬иҢ೻এᒵ໶‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ف‬ಛѫོՌଢ଼ᔓձസ‫ڍ‬এᆄୢȂ։ਲ਼Ҭᓃ
ȶ/ȷᇄ SWAPȄԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾौࡩቄϷസ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоӑҢ೻এᒵ໶ȄϚႆζ
џоྱ๿ή७‫؏ޟ‬᡽‫پ‬ϷസȂᒵᐅ಑Πএᒵ໶ȂЙଢ଼ጡᒮᆄᆅϷസߒȄоήጒ‫ٽ‬
๋‫࢐ޱ‬Ң Vmware ‫י‬Ο 4G ‫ުޟ‬໢ю‫پ‬Ȃ࢐Ӱ࣏ौ‫׺‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ห७ϗ೻ኺୈ‫ޟ‬ȂϚ
ႆ‫ٱ‬ᄂΰ‫ڏ‬ᄂձ‫ؠ‬ԤԊ၆࡞ӻแԒ‫ޟ‬ၗȂσघ 4~6 GB ‫ުޟ‬໢σ྅൷ஊҢΟȄ

ყ 3.9 Йଢ଼ጡᒮᆄᆅϷസߒ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-7

௥๿ձџоࣼ‫ڗ‬ԤΙᗻ 4G ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅȂΰ७኿Ұ๿‫ؠ‬Ԥ଩ညȄ‫࢐ޱܖ‬ձӑࠉϏင
ԤԊ၆Ο WindowsȂ٥ቄӵ೻၇џоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ϗင଩ည‫ ޟ‬Windwos ᆄୢȂԃ‫࢐ݎ‬೻
ኺ‫ޟ‬ၗ೻၇൷ӑϚौଢ଼‫ڗ‬Ȃ้࡟ོӔ௮ၷΰў։џȄ௥ή‫پ‬ᘈᒵ‫ؠ‬Ԥ଩ည‫ުޟ‬
໢Ȃณࡣᘈᒵΰ७‫ཱིޟ‬ቨȄ௥๿ོю౪ཱིቨᆄᆅ኿ᡆ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȂᒵᐅ࡚ҳȞ‫ݧ‬ཎȈ
೻এଢ଼հོᡱձᆄᆅΰ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ഍ϚَȂ‫ܚ‬оӵୈ೻ଢ଼ୈࠉȂ፜ӑ஠ձ฽ᆅ၇‫ޟ‬ၥ
ਟരӋԁ঻ȊȟȄӵ೻၇ौᇳ݂ΙήȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоࣼ‫ڗ‬ყΰП၆ည࢐ /dev/sdaȂ٥
࢐Ӱ࣏Ң VMware ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȅԃ‫࢐ݎ‬ҢΙૡ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅᔖ၎ོ࢐/dev/hdaȃ/dev/hdb ้
้‫ޟ‬Ȅ

ყ 3.10 ཱིቨᆄᆅ኿ᡆ

௥๿ོю౪ཱིቨϷസୢ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȂџоӵ New Size ‫ޟ‬ӴПᒯΣձौ‫ޟ‬σωȂо

Ѕᒵᐅᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо୤Ճΰএണ࿽‫پ‬ୈϷസȄ٥ቄӰ࣏࢐ҰጒȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ
೻၇൷ѫϸԙέএᆄୢȂӵ೻၇ӑᒯΣ 3000Ȃζ൷࢐σ྅ 3GBȞ‫ٱ‬ᄂΰᔖ၎Ш
ၶωȟȂ‫پ‬࿋ୈψ/ωਲ਼ҬᓃȄ
3-8 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ყ 3.11 ཱིቨਲ਼Ҭᓃ

௥ή‫پ‬ΙኺȂӵ‫ؠ‬Ԥ଩ည‫ޟ‬ӴПࡸѡᗤᒵཱིቨȂ೻၇ᒯΣ 700 MB ࿋ୈ࢐

ȶ/homeȷȄ

ყ 3.12 ཱིቨড়Ҭᓃ

ณࡣ഻ή‫ޟ‬έԻӻ MB ੼๝ swap ҢȂ፜଄ுӵᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ٥ᒵ linux-swap ঻Ȅ

 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-9

ყ 3.13 ཱིቨည඲ު໢

ጂᇯΙή࢐Ϛ࢐ၭতϗϷസ‫ޟ‬ΙኺȂ࢐‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ࡸήΙॲȄ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ೻၇Ӕԩ஼
፡Ȃ೻এϷസПԒ࢐឴ܻกၐҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃौ፜᠞‫ޱ‬଄ுȂՌϏϷസ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂȶ/ȷਲ਼
ҬᓃџоӔσΙᘈȂՄড়Ҭᓃࠌ࢐૖๝ӻЍ൷๝ӻЍȂӰ࣏ড়Ҭᓃ࢐Ң‫ܹپ‬ՌϏ
‫ޟ‬ၥਟҢ‫ޟ‬ȄоջϷസୢЊω‫ڗ‬ਢঐᔬਰܹϚήȄ

ყ 3.14 ጂᇯΙήϷസ‫ޟ‬σω
3-10 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

௥๿஠Ϸസԁ‫ޟ‬ၥଉቸ‫ڗ‬฽ᆅ၇ȂࡸήৈҢȄ

ყ 3.15 ৈҢϷസ

ৈҢ‫ׇ‬ΟоࡣࡸᜰഖȄ

ყ 3.16 ‫ׇ‬ԙᆄᆅϷസৈҢ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-11

ณࡣོю౪ᒵᐅ௮ၷᘈȂӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈতϗസԁ‫ ޟ‬PartitionȞᆄୢȟȂϚَு഍
ོՌଢ଼ю౪ȂौՌϏࡸю‫پ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоࡸྱতϗϷസ‫ޟ‬໷‫ו‬Ȃ஠ Partition ࡸΙή
ਠ᜞‫ޟ‬ጐᓞȂᒵю‫پ‬ȂоЅձԊ၆‫ ޟ‬Windows ‫ޟ‬ᆄୢΙኺᒵю‫پ‬Ȅณࡣ‫ྱٷ‬ত
ϗϷസ‫ޟ‬σωȂӵѾ᜞ᒯΣ௮ၷᘈȄWindows ᆄୢζ࢐ΙኺȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ Windows D
ዀȂџоᒯΣ /media/DȂ೻ኺӵձԊ၆ԁ Ubuntu ࡣȂ൷џоӵਹ७ΰȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ᓽ
Ԇ൬ᡝ၇‫ٺ‬Ң Windows ᆄୢȄ

ყ 3.17 ᒵᐅ௮ၷᘈ

௥๿൷џоࡸή Install ໠ۖԊ၆᠅Ȋ

3-12 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ყ 3.18 ໠ۖԊ၆

ณࡣငႆᅞߝ‫࡟้ޟ‬Ȃձ൷џоࡸή Restart Now ‫ڥ‬юӎᆅȂ‫ٮ‬໠ᐠ‫ڗ‬ձட឴

‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ၇᠅Ȅ

ყ 3.19 १ཱི໠ᐠ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-13

3.3.2 Мԅ዁ԒԊ၆ Ubuntu

ौంҢ೻এ዁ԒȂӵҢ DVD ‫ގ‬ӎᆅ໠ᐠ‫ٮ‬ᒵᐅϛМȞᖅᡝȟࡣȂᒵᐅԊ၆‫ڗ‬
฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬ᒵ໶Ȅ

ყ 3.20 ᒵᐅԊ၆‫ڗ‬฽ᆅ

௥๿ོ୰ձ࢐֏ौ୎กᗤዺȂӵ೻၇ᒵ֏Ȃ‫ר‬ঈՌϏᒵ൷ԁΟȄ

ყ 3.21 ୎กᗤዺ
3-14 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ᒵᐅ U. S. EnglishȂӰ࣏೽லѮᢊᗤዺ഍࢐ QWERTYȂ‫௶ޟ‬ӖПԒȄ಑Πॲ
Ιኺζ࢐ᒵ U. S. EnglishȄ

ყ 3.22 ᒵᐅᗤዺ௶Ӗ

௥ή‫ོپ‬໠ۖ୎ก฽ᡝȂ௭ᆀӎᆅᐠȃၷΣ᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬ϯӇȂ୎กᆩၯ฽ᡝȃҢ
DHCP ೩ۡᆩၯȞԃ‫ݎ‬ձԤ IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӵ೻၇ོՌଢ଼‫ ڗ׺‬IPȟȄ೻၇൷Ϛ
ߣყ᠅ȊӰ࣏‫ؠ‬Ԥᒵ໶ȄณࡣᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬кᐠӪᆎȄ

ყ 3.23 ᒯΣкᐠӪᆎ

௥๿ོю౪ȂϷസᆄᆅհཾ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȄӵ೻၇ζΙኺ঻Ȋौ୤Ճ಑Πണ‫پ‬ϷസȂ
‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ყ࢐กၐҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оϚ࡚ដ᠞‫ྱޱ‬๿ή७‫ޟ‬σωϷസȄᒵᐅ಑Ιএ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-15

ོւଶᐌএᆄᆅȂѓࢂ Windows ᆄୢ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂϚႆӣਢζᎌӫᛅΡ‫پ‬ҢȄծ࢐

ӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈᒵᐅЙଢ଼ጡᒮȄ

ყ 3.24 ᒵᐅЙଢ଼ጡᒮ

ณࡣ‫ڹ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ӑࠉҢ Vmware ࡚ԁ‫ ޟ‬4GB ‫ޟ‬ᆄᆅު໢Ȅᒵᐅ

‫ ࡸٮ‬EnterȞџоҢΰήᗤЅ Tab ϸ඲ᒵ໶ȟȄ

ყ 3.25 ᒵᐅौϷസ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ
3-16 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

࡚ҳӒཱི‫ޟ‬ᆄᆅϷസߒȂᒵ࢐Ȅ

ყ 3.26 ࡚ҳӒཱི‫ޟ‬ᆄᆅϷസߒ

௥ή‫پ‬൷џоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ιএު‫ޟ‬ᆄୢȂࡸή Enter ‫࡚پ‬ҳཱི‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȄ

ყ 3.27 ᒵᐅު‫ޟ‬ᆄୢ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-17

ᒵᐅ࡚ҳཱིϷസୢȄ

ყ 3.28 ࡚ҳཱིϷസୢ

଩ညৠ໔Ȃ፜᠞‫ޱ‬Ռ՗ᒱᘞ঻ȊശԁϚौၭ‫ר‬ΙኺȂӰ࣏೻࢐กၐҢ‫ޟ‬Ȅ೽ல
಑ΙএϷസୢȶ/ȷȂ๋‫ޱ‬഍࢐๝ 6 GBȄ‫࢐ܖ‬಑ΙএϷസୢȂ๋‫ོޱ‬೩ /boot 30
MBȂ/home џо๝ӻσ൷ӻσȄϷസ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ፜‫ݧ‬ཎौࣼձ‫ޟ‬ႫသҢഊȂоЅ฽
ᆅσω‫پ‬଩᚞Ȅ

ყ 3.29 ଩ညਲ਼Ҭᓃৠ໔
3-18 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

࡚ҳӵкϷസୢȄ

ყ 3.30 ࡚ҳӵкϷസୢ

ᒵᐅཱིϷസୢӵ໠ۖ‫ޟ‬՝ညȄ

ყ 3.31 ໠ۖ՝ည
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-19

௥๿೻၇࢐࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ಑Ιএួ՝࢐Ң‫پ‬ᒵᐅᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоᒵᐅ
ext3ȃext2ȃreiserfsȃswap ้้Ȅ

ყ 3.32 ᆄᆅϷസհཾ

಑Πএួ՝࢐ᒵᐅ௮ၷᘈȄ

ყ 3.33 ᒵᐅ௮ၷᘈ
3-20 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

೻ኺ೻এᆄୢ൷ϷസԁΟ঻Ȋ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ᆄୢᇄ௮ၷᘈȂζ࢐೻ኺυ೩൷џоΟȄ
ӑസԁσωࡣȂӔᒵᐅᔬਰਿԒᇄ௮ၷᘈȄϚᆓ࢐ӈդᔬਰ߽ಛᇄ௮ၷᘈȂ഍࢐
೻ኺ೩ۡȄՄ swap ‫ޟ‬೩ۡПԒȂ๝‫ ׇ‬swap σωࡣȂѫौӵҢഊ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂᒵᐅ
ည඲ު໢։џȄ೩ۡԁࡣࡸήϷസୢ೩ۡ‫ׇ‬ԙȄ

ყ 3.34 ೩ۡ swap ᆄୢ

‫ܚ‬Ԥᆄୢ഍೩ۡԁΟоࡣȂ൷џо஠฽ᆅϷസߒ‫ޟ‬ၥਟȂቸΣ฽ᆅϛȄ

ყ 3.35 ๖‫؂‬ᆄᆅϷസհཾ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-21

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձጂۡϷസ࢐ᄇ‫ޟ‬Ȃ٥ቄ൷ࡸή࢐Ȅ

ყ 3.36 ஠ϷസᆄୢၥਟߒቸΣ฽ᆅ

࢐֏஠฽ᡝਢម೩࣏ۡ UTCȂࡸή࢐Ȅ

ყ 3.37 ೩ۡ฽ᡝਢម
3-22 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ᒯΣձ‫ۗޟ‬ӪȄ

ყ 3.38 ᒯΣۗӪ

ᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬ழဴȂ೻၇ौӑᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬Ο၌ΙήȂӵ Ubuntu Ԋ၆ႆแϛȂ࢐Ϛོю

౪ root ೻এ຺઻‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬೩ۡȂӰ࣏ Ubuntu ϱ࡚൷ϏငԤ sudoȞsuper doȟ
೻এࡾхΟȂ‫ܚ‬оձ౪ӵौ೩‫ޟ‬೻এழဴȂ൷Ԥ sudo ᠌३Ȃ೻࢐࣏ΟԊӒ‫ޟܒ‬
Ճ໔Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵРࡣȂҢ sudo Ӕў೩ۡ root ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȄ

ყ 3.39 ᒯΣձདҢ‫ิپ‬Σ‫ޟ‬ழဴ
 3.3 ໠ۖԊ၆ 3-23

ᒯΣ஝ጆȂौ‫ڍ‬ԩ঻Ȋ

ყ 3.40 ᒯΣ஝ጆ

௥๿ོю౪೩ۡ၌‫ޟ࡙ݙ‬ᒵ໶Ȃ೻൷ौࣼ᠞‫ޟޱ‬฽ᡝџо೩ۡӻଽ‫ޟ‬၌‫࡙ݙ‬
ΟȄณࡣ൷፜ञЖ้࡟Ԋ၆‫ׇ‬ԙ᠅Ȋ

ყ 3.41 ೩ۡ၌‫࡙ݙ‬
3-24 ಑ 3 ണ ໠ۖԊ၆ Ubuntu

ቜቜȊԊ၆‫ׇ‬ԙࡣ൷፜਌юӎᆅࡸή᝷៉‫پ‬໠ᐠ୨ȊࣼΙήཱི‫ޟ‬໠ᐠႆแห
७Ȅ

ყ 3.42 ໠ᐠႆแห७
 Ubuntu & Unix Like અΏ‫ڣ‬ᘋ

ӵ᠞‫ࣼޱ‬ႆΟ಑Πണ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux Ҭᓃ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺࡣȂ‫ٮ‬иӵԊ၆‫ ׇ‬Ubuntu དӑ

ၐၐࠉȂձ҆ሯौ‫؁‬ӻёΟ၌ Linux ‫ޟ‬Мԅ዁ԒȄ᠞‫ޱ‬ΙۡԤএᅸ୰ȉUbuntu
Ϛ࢐഍‫י‬ுԁԁ‫ޟ‬ȉ࣏ϧቄᗙौᏰಬМԅϭ७‫ڹ‬ȉᗶณѫौྱ๿ҏਪࡾхᐇհ
഍џоԙђȂծौ࢐ԤདཱིቨՌϏདौ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȃདौ௃ড়၇ิΣ‫ڗ‬տѮႫသȂՄ
Ιϸ‫ޟ‬Ιϸ࣏ϧቄάौ҈೻ኺ‫ࡾޟ‬х‫ڹ‬ȉᏰಬ shell оЅ Linux ‫ࡾޟ‬хই‫ۻ‬Ԥϧ
ቄԁ೎ȉМԅϭ७࢐ Linux ϚџϚᏰ‫ޟ‬Ȃζџоᇳ࢐ߨல१ौ‫ޟ‬Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ձདᄇ
Linux Ԥ‫౏؁‬Ιቹ‫ޟ‬Ο၌Ȃ٥ቄΙۡौࣼࣼ೻এണ࿽Ȅ
ӵ೻၇ߨலཐᗂਤ䅽щȞyenjincȟȂт࢐ԁඁԑࠉ๋‫ޱ‬ӵԇཱིσরȞlloydȟ‫ޟ‬
Linux ၄ಬੲ፞แϛΙӣᇯᜋ‫ޟ‬ԁЄঙӣԁȄ೻࢐тӵࢇσᔖҢኵᏰ‫ ف‬unix-like
ෂ෈ंಬ፞แϛȂளሴᏰҡ‫ޟ‬ΣߞЙыȂтዥ௑‫ޟ‬ඪ‫ټ‬নۖМӇ‫پ‬Є௑ЛධȄо
ήМӇҥ๋‫ޱ‬᚞ѴጡওႆȄ
ຝ ၌ Ȉ М Ӈ ন ۖ ‫ ޟ‬ၥ ਟ џ ҥ ਤ 䅽 щ ‫ ޟ‬ᆩ ᇬ ϛ ‫ ڗ ײ‬Ȉ http://yenjinc.info/
wp-content/uploads/2006/10/unix-like-tutorial-951021.pdfȄ
4-2 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

4.1 ൘ဇ཯ࣷჄߺဇ཯ࣷ
ӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ഍࢐௮ၷܻ / Ȟਲ਼Ҭᓃȟ‫ۻ‬ήȂ೽
ல‫ר‬ঈџо‫ٺ‬Ңȶcdȷ೻এࡾх‫پ‬ϸ඲ҬᓃȂՄϸ඲Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍПԒȂ
Ιᆍ࢐‫ٺ‬Ңȶ๘ᄇၯ৷ȷȂѪѴΙᆍ࢐‫ٺ‬Ңȶࣺᄇၯ৷ȷȂᜰܻ๘ᄇၯ৷ᇄࣺᄇ
ၯ৷‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ӵήП‫پ‬၄шȄ
๘ᄇၯ৷Ȉγϸ඲‫ܚ‬Ԥၯ৷഍࢐оȶ/ȷհ࣏໠ᓞȂࠌ឴ܻ๘ᄇၯ৷ߒҰ‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ࣺᄇၯ‫ܒ‬Ȉγၯ৷‫ߒޟ‬ҰȂ֯Ϛоȶ/ȷհ࣏໠ᓞȂࠌ឴ܻࣺᄇၯ৷ߒҰ‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ᖞ‫ٽ‬ᇳ݂Ȉ
ȶ๘ᄇၯ৷ȷ(γϸ඲‫ܚ‬Ԥၯ৷഍࢐оȶ/ȷհ࣏໠ᓞȂࠌ឴ܻ๘ᄇၯ৷ߒҰ‫ݲ‬Ȅ)
cyj@riemann:~$ cd / (ࠩ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:/$ cd /home/cyj (ࠩ home ࢍՀऱ cyj ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:~$ cd /etc (ࠩ etc ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:/etc$ cd /usr/share/ (ࠩ usr ࢍՀऱ share ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)

ȶࣺᄇၯ৷ȷ(γၯ৷‫ߒޟ‬ҰȂ֯Ϛоȶ/ȷհ࣏໠ᓞȂࠌ឴ܻࣺᄇၯ৷ߒҰ‫ݲ‬Ȅ)
cyj@riemann:/usr/share$ cd ../../ ( ൕ /usr/share ‫ؾ‬ᙕ࢓Ղߨࠟᐋ)
cyj@riemann:/$ cd home/cyj/ (‫ڇ‬௅‫ؾ‬ᙕխ֊ངࠩ home ࢍՀऱ cyj ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:~$ cd ../../usr/share/ (‫ ڇ‬/home/cyj ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ࢓ՂߨࠟᐋΔၞԵࠩ usr ࢍՀऱ share ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)

ඪ‫ڗ‬ȶࣺᄇၯ৷ȷߒҰП‫ݲ‬ȂӵԪԤѲএಒဴߒҰП‫ݲ‬Ȃσড়ΙۡौዣொমȊ
ȶ.ȷȈ ȶᘈȷಒဴȂфߒȶ౪՗Ҭᓃ (current directory)ȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
ȶ..ȷȈȶᘈᘈȷಒဴȂфߒȶΰΙቹҬᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
ȶ~ȷȈȶ‫ݰ‬੏ȷಒဴȂфߒȶ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ড়Ҭᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
ȶ-ȷȈȶ-ȷ೿๖ಒဴȂфߒȶΰΙএ‫ٺ‬ҢҬᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
 4.1 ๘ᄇၯ৷ᇄࣺᄇၯ৷ 4-3

ή७Ιኺᖞ‫ٽٲ‬υᡱӨ՝џо‫఼؁‬ཿΟ၌೻‫ٲ‬ၯ৷ಒဴ‫ޟ‬ཎဎȈ
ȶᘈ (.) ȷфߒȶ౪՗ҬᓃȞcurrent directoryȟȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
cyj@riemann:~$ cd . (ၞԵ෼۩‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:~$ pwd (ࠌ‫ ش‬pwd ਐ‫ח‬਷઎෼‫ؾڇࢬڇ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
/home/cyj (ԫᑌ‫ڇ‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕᅝխΔ޲‫ޓڶ‬ང‫ۯ‬ᆜ)

ȶᘈᘈ (..) ȷфߒȶΰΙቹҬᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ

cyj@riemann:~$ cd .. (ൕ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕΔࠩψՂԫᐋω‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:/home$ cd .. (࣍ਢࠐࠩԱ home ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ൷ထᤉᥛ࢓ψՂԫᐋωฝ೯)
cyj@riemann:/$ pwd (਷઎෼‫ؾڇࢬڇ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
/ (‫࣍ط‬ଶթൕ home Ծ࢓ՂझԫᐋΔ࣍ਢ਷ᇬऱ࿨࣠੡௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ)

ȶ‫ݰ‬੏ (~) ȷфߒȶ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ড়Ҭᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ

cyj@riemann:/$ cd ~
cyj@riemann:~$ pwd
/home/cyj
cyj@riemann:~$ cd ~cyj
cyj@riemann:~$ cd ~yenlung
cyj@riemann:/home/yenlung$ cd
(ൕ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ‫۞ࠩڃ‬աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
(਷઎෼‫ؾڇࢬڇ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
(բᆖ‫۞ࠩڃ‬աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕԱ)
(ၞԵࠩ cyj ऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
(ၞԵࠩ yenlung ऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
( cd ፖ cd ~ ਢԫᑌऱრ৸Δຟਢ‫۞ࠩڃ‬աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)

ȶ- (-) ȷфߒȶΰΙএ‫ٺ‬ҢҬᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
cyj@riemann:~$ cd ~yenlung
cyj@riemann:/home/yenlung$ cd
cyj@riemann:~$ cd -
/home/yenlung
cyj@riemann:/home/yenlung$ cd -
/home/cyj
cyj@riemann:~$ cd -
/home/yenlung
(ၞԵࠩ yenlung ऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
ፖ cd ~ ਢԫᑌऱრ৸Δຟਢ‫۞ࠩڃ‬աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
( cd
(ᨃ،٦‫ࠩڃ‬ଶթՂԫଡࠌ‫ش‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
(࣍ਢԾ‫ࠩڃ‬Ա yenlung ऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕᇙ)
(ຍழଢ‫شࠌڇ‬ԫ‫ ڻ‬cd - Δᄎ٦‫ࠩڃ‬Ղԫଡࠌ‫ش‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
(ࢬ‫א‬Ծ‫ࠩڃ‬Ա۞աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
(٦ࠌ‫ش‬ԫ‫ڻ‬ΜԾᄎ٦‫ࠩڃ‬Ղԫଡࠌ‫ش‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
(࣍ਢԾ‫ࠩڃ‬Ա yenlung ऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕᦗΜ)

೻এȶcd -ȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂШၶ჋࢐ȶΰΙॲȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȊ൷ԁШӨ՝ӵᘲ។ᆩॲਢȂ
ਢலོࡸήȶӱΰΙॲȷ‫ࡸޟ‬໖ΙኺȂ೻၇‫ ޟ‬cd - ൷࢐ᡱձџо௃౪ӵ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ
ӱ‫ڗ‬ȶΰΙএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃȷ঻Ȋ
OKȊоΰ೻‫ٲ‬൷࢐அᙃ‫ޟ‬ȶ๘ᄇၯ৷/ࣺᄇၯ৷ȷ‫ޟ‬அᙃ྅‫܈‬୨Ȋ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដ᜞
ࣼਪਢȂџоΙ᜞ᄂୈ‫پ‬এ౪Ᏸ౪፲঻Ȋ
4-4 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

4.2 ᄉ႒ഴʣ
ԃ‫ݎ‬Ө՝‫ ޟ‬Linux ࢐Ԋ၆ӵѴӴ‫ڏޟ‬тႫသΰȂ٥ቄ൷҆໸ौȶሉᆒิΣȷϗ
૖ஊӵሉᆒ‫ޟ‬кᐠΰ໌՗ጛಬᇄᐇհȂ୅‫ٺ‬ձҬࠉϐငӵ Linux ‫ڏܖ‬т Unix-like
հཾ‫ف‬ಛήȂ٥ቄ൷Ϛሯौ᚞ѴԊ၆ӈդ೺ᡝȂ‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬Ң‫ف‬ಛ‫ ޟ‬ssh ‫ ܖ‬telnet ࡾ
х൷џо‫ޢ‬௥ิΣ‫ڗ‬ሉᆒ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢ୨Ȋ୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝࢐ӵ Windows ήདौิΣ‫ڗ‬ሉᆒ
‫ ޟ‬Linux кᐠȂԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍПԒȄ಑Ιᆍџо҈໠ȶ‫ڼ‬хඪҰԅϯȷȂ‫ٺ‬Ң Windows
ϱ ࡚ ‫ ޟ‬telnet ‫ ڼ‬х ‫ ิ پ‬Σ Ȅ ಑ Π ᆍ ൷ ࢐ ‫ ٺ‬Ң ሉ ᆒ ิ Σ ೺ ᡝ ψ PuTTY ω
ΰhttp://www.putty.nl/download.htmlȟȂ‫ܖ‬ਢҢ PieTTYȞhttp://ntu.csie.org/~piaip/pietty/ȟȂ
PieTTY ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒᇄ PuTTY σӣω౴Ȅ

ყ 4.1 ሉᆒิΣҰཎყ

ӵ Linux ‫ف‬ಛΰкौԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍิΣ‫ޟ‬ПԒȈ
಑ΙᆍȈӨ՝џоᒑՌٖ‫ڗ‬кᐠ‫ޟ‬७ࠉȂ਌ଔᗤዺȂᒯΣழဴȃ஝ጆȂ೻
൷࢐Ιএശஅҏ‫ิޟ‬ΣП‫ݲ‬ΟȊΙૡՄِȂႱ೩џิΣ‫ޟ‬ತᆒᐠȞVirtual
ConsoleȟԤϲএȂϷտ࢐௃ VT1 ‫ ڗ‬VT6 ȂՄ VT7 ೽ல࢐հ࣏ X-window
Ȟყ‫ל‬Ͻਹ७ȟ‫ิޟ‬Σᇄ‫ٺ‬ҢȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ө՝དौϸ඲‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ຎᔣತᆒᐠȂ
٥ቄѫौӵᗤዺΰࡸήȶCtrlȷ+ȶAltȷ+ȶF2ȷ൷џоϸ඲‫ڗ‬಑Πএ Virtual
Console (tty2)ȂӰԪ᜸௰ȶF1ȷ‫ڗ‬ȶF7ȷ൷џоᡱձ௃ tty1 ϸ඲‫ ڗ‬tty7
᠅Ȋ
 4.3 ิΣᇄิю 4-5

಑ΠᆍȈӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛΰȂശᡱΡࢻࢻዅၾ‫ޟ‬Ιএ੫ᘈ࢐ȶձ

җሉџоϚሯौӵႫသ‫ޟ‬७ࠉ‫ٺپ‬ҢႫသȷȞԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥᙓοх‫ޟ‬ཐឈ :-DȟȂ
඲ѯၗᇳȂѫौആႆȶᆩၯȷȂձӵȶդਢդӴȷȂ഍џо‫ٺپ‬Ң೻ѮႫ
သȄ௃ΰ७‫ޟ‬ȶሉᆒิΣҰཎყȷџоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃӵ Linux кᐠΰȂџоആႆ
໠ంȶTelnetȷ‫ޱܖ‬ȶSSHDȷ‫݈ޟ‬୛‫پ‬ంଢ଼ȶሉᆒิΣȷ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȂΙҍ೻
‫݈ٲ‬୛ంଢ଼ϞࡣȂ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ഍џоആႆᆩၯ‫ޢ‬௥ิΣ‫ڗ‬кᐠ‫ٺپ‬ҢȄ

4.3 ഴʣჄഴ͎
ሉᆒิΣ‫ڗ‬кᐠਢȂ҆໸༲Σழဴၭ஝ጆȂоή࢐Ιএᙏ൐‫ޟ‬Ұጒ‫ٽ‬υȈ
cyj@X40:~> ssh yenjinc@yenjinc.info ( ‫࣍ط‬࿝ृ‫ ڇ‬Linux ᛩቼՀΔ࣍ਢऴ൷ࠌ‫ ش‬ssh ਐ‫ח‬༉
‫אױ‬Ա )
Password: (ࣹრໝΜຍᇙ‫ؚ‬യᒘࠀլᄎ‫נ‬෼ ***** ᇆ)
yenjinc@~$ ࠩຍᇙΔ༉ጩਢ࿆Ե‫פګ‬೺Μ૞࿆‫נ‬Ոॺൄ១໢Δ‫׽‬૞‫ؚ‬ଡ logout ਐ‫ח‬༉‫ړ‬ԱΜ
yenjinc@~$ logout
Connection to yenjinc.info closed. ( բᆖ࿆‫ᦗנ‬Μ)
ѪѴȂӵ಑ΙԩิΣ‫ف‬ಛϞࡣȂശԁӑ‫׽؁‬ՌϏ‫ิޟ‬Σ஝ጆȂоջ‫ف‬ಛႱ೩‫ޟ‬
஝ጆЊႆᙏ൐ȂՄᏲम‫ف‬ಛೝΣ߭Ȅ‫׽؁‬஝ጆ‫ࡾޟ‬х࢐ passwdȂ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒӵή
७ϭಝȄ
yenjinc@~$ passwd
Changing password for yenjinc
(current) UNIX password: (ᙁԵ‫ؾ‬ছऱയᒘ)
Enter new UNIX password: (ᙁԵᄅऱയᒘ)
Retype new UNIX password: (٦‫ڻ‬ᙁԵᄅऱയᒘΔுኙਢ‫ܡ‬ᙁԵ‫إ‬ᒔ)
passwd: password updated successfully (യᒘ‫)פګޏޓ‬

4.4 ჯᘋഴʣ‫ڟݣ‬ᑗ࿪
ӵΰ࿽၇Ȃ‫ר‬ঈሉᆒิΣࡣȂོ໌Σ‫ڗ‬Ιএತᆒᐠ‫ޟ‬ห७Ȃ೻Ιএᐇհᕗცᆎ
࣏ȶShellȷȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޱ‬Login ϞࡣȂ൷ོ‫ ڗپ‬Shell ϭ७Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆ Shell ή
ႀࡾх๝հཾ‫ف‬ಛȂौؑ‫ف‬ಛᔓ‫ר‬ঈୈ‫ٱ‬௑Ȃή७Ι஻ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ყҰ‫پ‬ϭಝ Shell
྅‫܈‬ȄӨ՝џо‫ޢ‬௥ӵ Shell ήᒯΣࡾхȂณࡣ Shell ൷ོ஠ࡾх༈ႀ๝հཾ‫ف‬
4-6 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ಛ‫پ‬ஈ՗Ȃ้‫ڗ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛ஠ώհ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂ൷ོ‫װ‬ஈ՗‫ׇ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬Ӕ༈ӱ‫ ڗ‬ShellȂ
ӰԪ‫ר‬ঈ൷џоҳ։‫ࡾڗࣼޟ‬хஈ՗‫ׇ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬୨Ȋ

ყ 4.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᇄ shell ᇄ Linux Ϟ໢‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽

ิΣϞࡣȂӨ՝ᔖ၎ོӵห७ΰȂࣼ‫ڗ‬᜸խ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ඪҰห७
ȶyenjinc@riemann:~$ȷȂ౪ӵ‫ר‬ঈ൷‫ࣼپ‬೻‫ٲ‬੫੆ಒဴфߒ‫ٲ‬ϧቄཎဎȉ
yenjinc @ riemann : ~ $

ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳȂȶyenjinc@riemann:~$ȷȂ‫ܚ‬фߒ‫ޟ‬ཎဎ࢐Ȉ[ yenjinc (ۗӪ)] [ @

(ӵ)] [ riemann (кᐠӪᆎ)] [ : (ϷႤಒဴ)] [ ~ (‫ܚ‬ӵҬᓃ)] [ $ (ඪҰԅϯ)]Ȃ
ȶyenjincȷ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬Ӫᆎ (username)Ȃȶ@ (ωՂჃ)ȷфߒȶat (ӵ)ȷ‫ޟ‬ཎ
ࡦȂȶriemannȷфߒ‫ܚ‬ӵ‫ޟ‬ȶкᐠӪᆎȷȂณࡣȶ:ȷѫ࢐Ιএᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϷႤಒဴȂ
ȶ~ȷ೻Ιএ՝ည‫ܚ‬фߒ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ࢐ȶ‫ܚ‬ӵҬᓃȷȂՄΰक़೻এ‫ٽ‬υȶ~ȷ‫ܚ‬фߒ
‫࢐ޟ‬ȶড়Ҭᓃȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂശࡣȶ$ȷಒဴ࢐ȶඪҰԅϯȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂҥܻ೻၇ȶyenjincȷ
࢐ȶΙૡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ȷϚ࢐ȶᆓ౩‫ٺ઻຺( ޱ‬Ң‫)ޱ‬ȷܻ࢐ඪҰԅϯ࣏ȶ$ȷȂ຺઻‫ٺ‬
Ң‫ޟޱ‬ඪҰԅϯࠌ࣏ȶ#ȷಒဴȄ
yenjinc ࠑӯȶ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ԩᇍȷȞusername ‫ ݕ‬IDȟȂഺৎ‫ڼ‬Є࣏‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ yenjinc
๳Ϣۖ‫ڀ‬೚Ȃ‫࣏ݺ‬Դ೐Ϙৎ֜၉ᢖӯ‫ێ‬ԩᇍȶyenjincȷȄ
@ ȶAt (Դ)ȷߞྍࢥȄ
riemann ҃ࠑ‫ݙ‬ԴߞȶѹᑟԩᇍȷȂഺৎ‫ڼ‬ЄࠑӯȂ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ yenjinc ๳Ϣۖ
riemann ߞѹᑟϯȂ‫ݙ‬ѽѹᑟԩᇍ៼֜ߞԳўȂᢖӯऎȶ riemann ȷȄ

: Ҫ࣏Ϙଠߞжუ೑ၳȂٟգપ‫ࢥྍߞ־‬Ȅ
~ ഺϘৎ֜၉‫࣏ࢥྍߞࠑ҃ݙ‬ȶ‫ݙ‬ԴӫᔂȷȂփϯগഺৎ‫ڼ‬Єȶ~ȷ‫ݙ‬
҃ࠑߞ࣏ȶਛӫᔂߞྍࢥȷȂԯթְॶԴ‫ێ‬ҁӫᔂ੡ȂഺৎԳўබྻ
ᢖӯहᅆᕕߞȶ‫ێ‬ҁӫᔂȷߞ֜၉Ȅ
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-7

$ Դ Unix-like / Linux ‫ڀ‬೚ϭȂգ‫ی‬ᇌϠȂϘৎ࣏ȶϘଠ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ȷȂϘৎ

࣏ȶ໹ૺ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ (root)ȷȂ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰බ៳‫ݺ‬ϘଠߞϠেȂփ໹ૺ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰
බᄊ࣏ȶૠȷȊԴ‫ڀ‬೚КȂ໹ૺ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ᐾգ൵Ђߞᡋন (බႬчૠϘ
ଠ)ȂҞѽஇԇ֣ҁྐஇߞ‫ڰ‬ఐȊԴഺႆȶ$ȷ೑ၳ҃ࠑߞබ࣏Ϙଠ‫ڹ‬
ӡ߰ߞ෩ӯՄЮȂՂ‫ڹְލ‬ӡ໹ૺ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰๳Ϣ‫ڀ‬೚Ȃ‫ڤ‬ৎഺৎ෩ӯՄ
Юබྻᚼᢏ՘ȶ#ȷȄ
‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬ή७೻এᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
yenjinc @ riemann : ~ $ (yenjinc ԫ౳ࠌ‫࿆ृش‬Եࠩ riemann ‫׌‬ᖲΔ‫ڇإ‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
yenjinc @ riemann : /boot $ (yenjinc ԫ౳ࠌ‫࿆ृش‬Եࠩ riemann ‫׌‬ᖲΔ‫ ڇإ‬/boot ‫ؾ‬ᙕ
խ )
root @ riemann : ~ # (root ၌్ࠌ‫࿆ृش‬Եࠩ riemann ‫׌‬ᖲΔ‫ڇإ‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
root @ riemann : /boot # (root ၌్ࠌ‫࿆ृش‬Եࠩ riemann ‫׌‬ᖲΔ‫ ڇإ‬/boot ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
ԤΟ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬྅‫ࡣ܈‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈौ‫فࣼپ‬ಛႱ೩ิΣϞࡣȂོ‫঺ڗپ‬၇ȉႱ೩‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬
ήȂΙএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ิޱ‬ΣϞࡣȂॶӑོ໌Σ‫ڗ‬ΙএҬᓃȂ೻এҬᓃᆎհȶড়ҬᓃȷȂ
೻࢐‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬ட឴Ҭᓃ (ཎࡾȈձџоӵȶձড়ȷୈӈդձདୈ‫ٱޟ‬௑)Ȃؐএ‫ٺ‬
Ң‫ޱ‬഍ོԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬ড়ҬᓃȂ‫܄‬ԪϚོ‫ڗڧ‬ኇ៪Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ң pwd ࡾхџоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ҭࠉ‫ܚ‬
ӵ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ՝ညȄ
yenjinc@~$ pwd
/home/yenjinc ( ।‫ؾق‬ছ‫۞ڇإ‬աऱ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕᅝխ)

4.5 Linux ‫ڟ‬અΏˎ֎

௃ࡣ७‫ޟ‬ണ࿽໠ۖȂ๋‫ޱ‬ौ‫پ‬ϭಝ Command lineȞ‫ڼ‬хӖ዁Ԓȟࡾх‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ
᠅Ȋӵ 4.2ȶሉᆒิΣȷ‫ޟ‬ਢঐඪ‫ڗ‬ΟȂUnix-like / Linux ‫ف‬ಛήȂശᡱΡࢻࢻዅ
ၾ‫ޟ‬Ι໶੫Փ࢐ȶձҗሉџоϚ҆ӵႫသ७ࠉ‫ٺ‬ҢႫသȷȂӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौӔ၄ш
ѪΙ໶੫ᘈȈȶձҗሉџоϚሯौҢყ‫ל‬ϭ७‫پ‬ᐇհ‫ف‬ಛȷȂ඲ѯၗᇳȂӨ՝џ
оҢȶࡾх (Мԅ዁Ԓ)ȷ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ‫پ‬ᐇհ‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ׇ‬ԙ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ӈ୛঻ȊՄи‫ٺ‬Ңࡾ
х‫پ‬ᐇհ‫ف‬ಛȂџШ‫ٺ‬Ңყ‫ל‬Ͻϭ७ᐇհ‫پ‬ு‫؁‬ᙏዓ‫؁‬Ԥਝ౥‫ڹ‬Ȋ
౪ӵ൷ளሴӨ՝‫پ‬ዣொ Unix / Linux ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢȂӵ಑Ѳണོඪ‫ࡾޟڗ‬хϷԙ
έএഋӋȈ
4-8 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

1. ᔬਰᇄҬᓃᆓ౩ࡾх
2. ҈ѓᇄᔆᕻࡾх
3. ‫׽؁‬ᔬਰ᠌३ࡾх

ӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ѫོᙏ൐Ӗюࡾх‫ޟ‬ȶஅҏ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒȷၭȶ྅‫܈‬ϭಝȷȂ‫ٮ‬иள‫ٲ‬
ȶᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬ȷ‫پ‬ё౏Ө՝‫ٺޟ‬ҢӟຫȄ

4.5.1 ᔬਰᇄҬᓃᆓ౩
ӵ Windows ‫ۻ‬ήȂ‫ޱܖ‬ӈդ‫ ޟ‬GUI ຜๅ‫ف‬ಛϞήȂᆓ౩ᔬਰၭҬᓃȂϚѴн
൷࢐‫ٺ‬ҢྤჃᘈࡸ‫ׇپ‬ԙ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼հȄӵ Linux Мԅ዁ԒήȂ‫ר‬ঈौήႀȶࡾхȷ
‫ׇپ‬ԙ೻‫ٱٲ‬௑Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ңࡾх‫پ‬ᆓ౩ᔬਰၭҬᓃ࢐ߨலԤਝ౥‫঻ޟ‬ȊӨ՝џоད჋
ΙήȂӵ GUI ዁ԒήȂ୅‫ٺ‬ձད஠‫ف‬ಛΰϷշӵӨএҬᓃϛ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȞᖂӓԤ 1000
ӻএωᔬȟȂཨಋ‫ڗ‬Ιএѩୈ tmp ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃήȂ٥ձσ྅ौ߆ӻЍਢ໢ϗ૖‫ׇ‬ԙ೻
ኺ‫ޟ‬ώհȉ୅‫ٺ࢐ٺ‬Ңࡾх዁Ԓ‫پ‬հ೻Ӈ‫ޟٱ‬ၗȂѫौήႀȶΙ՗ࡾхȷȂ൷џ
о‫ׇ‬ԙ೻Ӈ‫᠅ٱ‬Ȋ(Ϛࣺ߬༝ȉ‫کک‬Ȋ)
ӵ೻ഋӋ‫ר‬ঈོፙ‫ࡾޟڗ‬хӖᐌԃήȈ
ࢥၚ‫ޑ‬ᄘ᜸
ls ࣤऻӫᔂаਟ
pwd ࣤऻӫࡈ‫ݙ‬Դӫᔂ֜၉
Ҭᓃ᜸
cd з෱ӫᔂ
mkdir ࢙Ӳӫᔂ
rmdir ׁ୵ߩӫᔂ ȞՂ‫ލ‬ӫᔂႆգႤਫ਼Ȃঋӡ rm -R ȟ
ᔬਰ᜸
touch ࢙Ӳߩᕫ੯ Ȟtouch ᅁቫߞӡ‫ؼ࣏ޱ‬ᢏᕫ੯࢙Ӳ੡༡ȟ
rm ׁ୵ᕫ੯ Ȟׁ୵ӫᔂҞӇ rm -Rȟ
cp ᎑ሦᕫ੯ Ȟ᎑ሦӫᔂҞӇ cp -Rȟ
mv ྦྷೊᕫ੯‫ـݕ‬ԩ
ln ാຕᕫ੯ Ȟ᝷࢙֬Ӳథਸ਼ߞྍࢥȟ
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-9

ᢎࣼᔬਰ᜸
cat ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ
less ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ Ȟѽ঱ᢖӯȂҞѽϯϭడஜȟ
more ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ Ȟѽ঱ᢖӯȂЙକϯϭడஜȟ
head ᣍऻᕫ੯ߞ༟ᔝ୓‫ ֖ܕ‬Ȟჰനऎࡈ 10 ֖ȟ
tail ᣍऻᕫ੯ߞຕ‫؍‬৆ዴ֖ Ȟჰനऎ৆ዴ 10 ֖ȟ
ࢥၚЙы᜸
man ࣤऻࢽ҄ߞӡ‫ ޱ‬ȞmanpageȟȂϵබ࣏Ϡਛ௱ሲߞȂգ
யᛟබ‫ٷر‬ϠȄ
info ࣤऻࢽ҄ߞӡ‫ ޱ‬ȞԢ manpageȂ֭‫ۍ‬գ໹ാຕȟ
ӵ GUI ყ‫ל‬ϭ७Ͻ‫فޟ‬ಛϛȂӨ՝џо‫ޢ‬௥ആႆྤჃ‫ܹܜܴޟ‬оЅᗤዺ‫ޟ‬
Delete ᗤȂ‫ׇپ‬ԙᔬਰᇄҬᓃ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩ȂϚႆӵ Unix/Linux ‫ޟ‬Мԅϭ७࿋ϛȂӨ՝
ࠌ҆໸Ι‫ٲ‬அᙃ‫ޟ‬Мԅ‫ڼ‬хȂ‫ׇپ‬ԙ೻‫ٲ‬ӈ୛Ȃॶӑ‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬ȶࢥၚ‫ޑ‬ᄘ᜸ȷᇄ
ȶҬᓃ᜸ȷ‫ࡾޟ‬х‫ٺ‬ҢПԒȄ
ᗙ଄ுӵ 4.4ȶᇯᜋิΣࡣ‫ޟ‬ᕗცȷ၇ȂԤघ౱ඪ‫ ڗ‬Shell ඪҰԅϯ‫ޟ‬ཎဎȂ
ӰԪӵή७๋‫ޱ‬൷ϚӔ၌ភಒဴ‫ޟ‬ཎဎ᠅Ȋ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬ҢᔖҢጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫پ‬ϭಝ
ࡾх‫ٺޟ‬ҢȄ
ิΣ‫فڗ‬ಛਢȂོࣼ‫ڗ‬೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ඪҰಒဴȂ้࡟‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ήႀࡾхȈ
cyj@riemann:~$

џо‫ٺ‬Ңȶmanȷ೻এࡾхȂࢥࣼࡾх‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂ЙыȂ೻၇ࢥࣼΙήȶlsȷ‫ٺޟ‬
ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȉ
cyj@riemann:~$ man ls
Reformatting ls(1), please wait...
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
( ᇡา manpage փ୲Δ‫ڇ‬ຍᇙ༉ఎ࿯‫ ۩۞ۯٺ‬man ᦗΜ)
4-10 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ȶlsȷࡾх‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
File Project bin conf public_html
( ࠌ‫ ش‬ᄎല෼‫ؾڇࢬڇ‬ᙕऱփ୲᧩‫)ࠐנق‬
ls

cyj@riemann:~$ pwd
/home/cyj
( ࠌ‫ش‬
pwd ᄎ᧩‫ؾנق‬ছࢬ‫ؾڇ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls /
backup cdrom home lib mnt root sys var
bin dev initrd lost+found opt sbin tmp vmlinuz
boot etc initrd.img media proc srv usr
( ਷઎ԫՀ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫੷ࠄڶ‬Ꮦ‫ؾ‬ᙕፖᚾூ )

cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
( ‫ף‬Ղψ ωऱ೶ᑇΔᄎല᧩‫ق‬णኪ᧢‫ګ‬ψ‫ݙ‬ᖞ९௑‫ڤ‬ωΔՈ༉ਢല‫ݙ‬ᖞऱᇷಛออ٨‫ࠐנ‬ԱΜ)
-l

Ѻ‫ޟ‬ਿԒԤȶΜএួ՝ȷϷտ࢐Ȉ
ΨᦞૻΨΨຑ࿨ᑇΨΨᚾூᖑ‫ृڶ‬ΨΨᚾூᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิΨΨᚾூՕ՛ΨΨ່৵ଥ‫ޏ‬ऱழၴΨΨᚾ‫ټ‬Ψ
ؐএួ՝‫ޟ‬фߒཎဎȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵࡣ७‫ޟ‬ണ࿽ϛȂོച៉ϭಝ๝Ө՝ᇯᜋȄ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -a
. .bash_history .bash_profile .rnd .viminfo Project conf
.. .bash_logout .bashrc .ssh File bin public_html
(‫ף‬Ղψ ωऱ೶ᑇ৵Δᄎ‫ؾڇނ‬ᙕխऱψឆ៲ᚾூωՈԫࠓ٨‫ࠐנق‬Δ߷ࠄ‫א‬ψ . ω੡ၲᙰऱᚾூ༉
-a
ਢឆ៲ᚾΔؓൄ ೗ࠌլ‫ף‬Ղ -a ঞլᄎ઎ߠຍࠄ‫ א‬. ੡ၲᙰऱឆ៲ᚾΖ)
ls

cyj@riemann:~$ ls -al
total 60
drwxr-xr-x 8 cyj cyj 4096 Sep 19 11:11 .
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-11

drwxrwsr-x 39 root staff 4096 Sep 18 09:26 ..

-rw------- 1 cyj cyj 142 Sep 21 20:17 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 25 Aug 6 16:16 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 602 Aug 4 13:23 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 1834 Aug 4 13:13 .bashrc
-rw------- 1 root root 1024 Aug 13 09:34 .rnd
drwx------ 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 4 13:14 .ssh
-rw------- 1 cyj cyj 6683 Sep 19 11:11 .viminfo
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
Μ‫ף‬Ղ ፖ հ৵Δ༉ᄎ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱ‫א‬९௑‫ڤ‬٨‫ؾנق‬ᙕխࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱᚾூᦗΜᅝྥΔ-a ፖ -l ຍࠟଡ೶
(OK -a -l
ᑇլԫࡳ૞։ၲᐊΔ‫ڇٽ‬ԫದՈ۩Μቝਢψ-al ωຍᑌΖ‫ ڇ‬Unix/Linux ᅝխΔࢬ‫ڶ‬ਐ‫ח‬ऱ Option ೶
ᑇΔຟ‫אױ‬ቝຍᑌψᐊ‫ڇ‬ԫದωୀΜ)
ϭಝ‫ ׇ‬ls ᇄ pwd ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ϞࡣȂད҆Ө՝ϐငᄇܻМԅ‫ڼ‬х዁Ԓ‫ࣼࢥޟ‬Ҭᓃ‫ޑ‬
ᄘȂԤΟΙᘈᘈ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬ΟȊ௥๿‫ר‬ঈौ‫پ‬ᇯᜋ‫ڏ‬тԤᜰܻȶ࡚ҳ/ւଶҬᓃȷȃ
ȶ࡚ҳ/ւଶᔬਰȷȃȶཨಋ/ፒᇧᔬਰᇄҬᓃȷ‫ࡾޟ‬х᠅Ȋ
cyj@riemann:~$ pwd
/home/cyj
(ࠌ‫ش‬ pwd਷઎‫ؾ‬ছࢬ‫ؾڇ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:~$ cd /tmp
(ࠌ‫ ش‬ਐ‫ח‬ΔၞԵࠩ
cd /tmp ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ mkdir TEST-DIR
(ࠌ‫ش‬ mkdir ৬‫م‬ԫଡ़‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ‫ټ‬ጠ‫׻‬೚ TEST-DIR)

cyj@riemann:/tmp$ ls -ld TEST-DIR/

drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 1024 Oct 15 13:24 TEST-DIR/
(ࠌ‫ش‬ ls -ld Δψ
-l ω।‫ݙאق‬ᖞ९௑‫ق᧩ڤ‬Δψ -d ω‫ז‬।‫ؾق᧩׽‬ᙕ‫ߪء‬ऱणኪ )

cyj@riemann:/tmp$ mkdir TEST-DIR2

(‫ٵ‬ᑌࠌ‫ش‬ mkdir ৬‫م‬ԫଡ़‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ‫ټ‬ጠ‫׻‬೚ TEST-DIR2)
4-12 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

cyj@riemann:/tmp$ ls -ld TEST-DIR*

drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 1024 Oct 15 13:24 TEST-DIR
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 1024 Oct 15 13:24 TEST-DIR2
( ࠌ‫ش‬ᆄ‫ڗش‬ցψϠωᇆΔലࢬ‫ؾڶ‬ᙕ‫ټ‬ጠ‫ܶץ‬ TEST-DIR ऱΔຟ‫ݙא‬ᖞ९௑‫ڤ‬णኪ᧩‫)ق‬
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ rmdir TEST-DIR
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ rm -R TEST-DIR2/
( ࠌ‫ش‬
rmdir ‫אױ‬ലԫଡ़‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ܔ‬ೈΔ‫܀‬೗ࠌ‫ؾ‬ᙕᇙ‫ڶ‬ᇷறழΔຍழ༉‫ؘ‬ႊࠌ‫ףش‬Ղψ-R ωࠐ‫ܔ‬ೈ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ ls -ld TEST-DIR*
ls: TEST-DIR*: No such file or directory
( ຍழଢ٦‫ װ‬ԫՀΔᄎ࿇෼ٚ۶‫ڶ‬ᣂ
ls TEST-DIR* ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔຟբᆖ๯‫ݺ‬ଚ‫ܔ‬ೈᦗΜ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ mkdir TEST
‫ڇ‬
( /tmp խΔ৬‫م‬
TEST ) ‫ؾ‬ᙕ
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ cd TEST/
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ touch 1 2 3 4 5
( ၞԵࠩ
TEST ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔࠀࠌ‫ش‬
touch ਐ‫ח‬Δ৬‫م‬նଡᚾூΔ։ܑਢ 1 2 3 4 5)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5
( ਷઎ԫՀΔऱᒔբᆖ৬‫م‬նଡᚾூԱΜ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ mkdir MP3
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5 MP3
( ‫ڇ‬ TEST ‫ؾ‬ᙕխΔ৬‫م‬ MP3 ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔհ৵ ls ਷઎ਢ‫ܡ‬৬‫)ګݙم‬
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ mv 1 2 3 MP3/
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
4 5 MP3
( ࠌ‫ش‬ mv ਐ‫ח‬Δല 1 2 3 Կଡᚾூჺฝࠩ MP3 ‫ؾ‬ᙕխΔࠀᛀ਷ਢ‫ܡ‬ჺฝ‫)פګ‬
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls MP3/
1 2 3
( ਷઎ԫՀ MP3 ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔᇙ૿ऱᚾூ‫ܛ‬ਢଶթࢬჺฝመ‫װ‬ऱ 1 2 3)
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-13

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cp MP3/[123] .
ല
( MP3 ‫ؾ‬ᙕխΔᚾ‫ټ‬੡
1 2 3 ऱᚾூΔᓤ፹ࠩ෼۩‫ؾ‬ᙕᇙ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5 MP3
(ls ԫՀΔ࿇෼ᚾூԾૹᄅᓤ፹‫ࠐڃ‬ԱΜ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cp -R MP3 MP3-backup
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5 MP3 MP3-backup
( ‫ף‬ՂΩR ല MP3 ‫ؾ‬ᙕᓤ፹੡ MP3-backupΔᓤ፹‫ؾ‬ᙕழᏁ‫ף‬ՂΩR ೶ᑇΔ-R ‫ז‬।Ꭰಱ‫ڤ‬ऱᓤ፹)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ rm -Rf MP3*
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5
( ലࢬ‫ڶ‬ MP3* ‫ؾ‬ᙕൎࠫ‫ܔ‬ೈΔ࣍ਢࠌ‫ش‬όΩRfύΔ-R ।‫ق‬Ꭰಱ‫ڤ‬ऱ‫ܔ‬ೈΔ‫ף‬ՂΩf ।‫ق‬ൎࠫհრ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cp 5 6
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls
1 2 3 4 5 6
( ല 5 ᓤ፹‫ ګ‬6Δհ৵ࠌ‫ ش‬ls ᛀ਷ԫՀΔբᆖ‫׼‬؆ copy ‫נ‬ᄅऱ 6 ᦗΜ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ rm *
( ല෼۩‫ؾ‬ᙕ /tmp/TEST ᇙ૿ࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱᇷறออ‫ܔ‬ೈ)
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cd ..
cyj@riemann:/tmp$ rmdir TEST/
( ‫ࠩڃ‬Ղԫᐋ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔല TEST ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ܔ‬ೈ )

оΰ࢐அҏ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᇄҬᓃᐇհጒ‫ٽ‬ϭಝȂ௥ή‫پ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈौ‫پ‬ᇯᜋȶlnȷ೿๖ᔬ
ਰ‫ࡾޟ‬хȄӵ೻ϞࠉȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӑᙏ౱‫ޟ‬ϭಝΙήȶinodeȷ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬ȂϞࡣӨ՝Ӕ‫پ‬
ࣼ ln ೻ࡾхਢȂϗོԤШၶ఼ཿ‫ޟ‬ᇯᜋȂϚณӎ࢐ ln ‫ޟ‬ȶ฽೿๖ȷȃȶ೺೿๖ȷȂ
џ૖൷ོཤ‫ޟ‬ᓞ݄သ๬᠅Ȋ
ӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂӈդ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ഍ԤΙএᐿΙฒΠ‫ޟ‬ጡဴȂѩୈ
ȶInodeȷጡဴȊՄ೻এ Inode ጡဴԆܹ๿Ԥᜰ೻এᔬਰ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰၥଉȂ೻‫ࣺٲ‬ᜰ
ၥଉ഍џо௃ȶInode tableȷ‫ࣺڗײ‬ᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȊӨ՝џо௃ή७೻஻ყ‫پ‬Ο၌
Inode ᇄ Inode table ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȅ
4-14 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ყ 4.3 Inode ᇄ Inode table ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽

ӈդᔬਰ‫ ޟ‬inode ഍ོᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬Ιএȶinode tableȷȂՄ೻এ inode table ൷࢐क

ᓃ๿೻এᔬਰ‫ޟ‬Ι‫ࣺٲ‬ᜰၥଉȄ௃ΰ७‫ޟ‬ყ‫ࣼپٽ‬ȂȶFile 1ȷ‫ ޟ‬inode ࣏ȶ168ȷȂ
ӰԪ஠ 168 ᄇᔖ‫ ڗ‬inode table ਢȂ၇ᓞ൷ོ଄ၷ๿೻এᔬਰ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰϱৠȂШԃᔬ
ਰ‫ޟ‬᏿ԤΡȃ᏿ԤတಢၥଉȂࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ᠌३ȃ‫ޱܖ‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ശࡣ‫؁‬ଢ଼Р෈...้้Ȅ
‫ר‬ঈџо‫ٺ‬Ңȶ ls -i ȷ‫ࣼࢥپ‬ᔬਰ‫ ޟ‬inode ၥଉȂёΰȶ-i ȷ୤ኵфߒᡗҰ inode
‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȈ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
(ࠌ‫ݙش‬ᖞ९௑‫ؾق᧩ڤ‬ᙕփ୲)

ყ 4.4 ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ Inode ၥଉ

Ȟёΰȶ-i ȷ୤ኵȂߒҰौᡗҰᔬਰ‫ ޟ‬Inode ၥଉȟ

ԤΟоΰ‫ޟ‬அҏ྅‫ࡣ܈‬Ȃ௥๿ौ‫ࣼپ‬ȶlnȷ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒ᠅Ȋ
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-15

ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳȂln ൷჋࢐Ө՝ӵ Windows ‫ف‬ಛϛȶ࡚ҳ௦৷ȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂծ࢐άϚ

჋ Windows ࡚ҳ௦৷٥ኺ‫ޟ‬൐સৠܾȊӵ Linux / Unix-like ϛȂȶlnȷ࡚ҳ೿๖
Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒȂΙᆍ࢐࡚ҳȶ฽Ԓ೿๖ȷȂѪΙᆍࠌ࢐࡚ҳȶ೺Ԓ೿๖ȷȄ
ȶ฽Ԓ೿๖ȷȈᔬਰ‫ٮ‬ฒȶ‫ྛپ‬ᔬȷᇄȶҬ‫ޟ‬ᔬȷ‫ޟ‬ϷտȂӰ࣏഍࢐ӣኺ
‫ ޟ‬InodeȄ

ყ 4.5 ฽Ԓ೿๖
ȶ೺Ԓ೿๖ȷȈᔬਰԤȶ‫ྛپ‬ᔬȷᇄȶҬ‫ޟ‬ᔬȷ‫ޟ‬ϷտȂ‫ޱڍ‬឴ܻϚӣ InodeȄ

ყ 4.6 ೺Ԓ೿๖

๋‫ޱ‬ӵή७ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬Ұጒ ln ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒȂ‫ٮ‬ϭಝ฽Ԓ೿๖ᇄ೺Ԓ೿๖‫ޟ‬அᙃ྅
‫܈‬Ȅ
ȶ ȷ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒ
ln

cyj@riemann:~$ ln -s ࠐᄭᚾ] [‫ؾ‬ऱᚾ]

[ ‫ף‬Ղ -s ೶ᑇΔ।‫ق‬৬‫م‬ຌຑ࿨Μ)
(
cyj@riemann:~$ ln [ࠐᄭᚾ] [‫ؾ‬ऱᚾ] (լ‫ף‬Ղٚ۶೶ᑇΔ।‫ق‬৬‫م‬࿏ຑ࿨Μ)

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ touch SourceFile

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls -li
total 0
343394 -rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile
(৬‫م‬ SourceFileᚾூΔࠡ Inode ੡ 343394)
4-16 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ȶ࡚ҳ೺೿๖ȷ
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ln -s SourceFile SourceFile-SoftLink
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls -li
total 0
343394 -rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile
343395 lrwxrwxrwx 1 cyj cyj 10 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile-SoftLink -> SourceFile
(ࠌ‫ش‬ ৬‫م‬ຌຑ࿨Δ৬‫ګݙم‬৵Δข‫س‬ऱψ൸உωᚾூᄎ‫ א‬ψ ωฤᇆᑑ‫ق‬ထ
ln -s -> Source File੡
଺ࡨᚾூΔۖ‫ृࠟ׊‬ऱ ࠀլઌ‫ٵ‬Δ।‫ࠟق‬ଡਢᗑ‫م‬ऱଡܑᚾூΔࠀ‫ڶڼ࢖׊‬ઌࠉᣂএΖ
Inode )

ȶ࡚ҳ฽೿๖ȷ
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ln SourceFile SourceFile-HardLink
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls -li
total 0
343394 -rw-r--r-- 2 cyj cyj 0 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile
343394 -rw-r--r-- 2 cyj cyj 0 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile-HardLink
343395 lrwxrwxrwx 1 cyj cyj 10 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile-SoftLink -> SourceFile
(৬‫م‬࿏‫ڤ‬ຑ࿨৵Δ‫אױ‬ൕՂ૿堚ᄑ઎ࠩΔᚾூ᥆ࢤऱψຑ࿨ᑇωբᆖൕ ᏺ‫ᦗ ګף‬Μ।‫ق‬ထ‫ڼ‬ᚾூ‫ؾ‬ছ 1 2
٥‫ࠟڶ‬ଡຑ࿨ᑇၦΖ‫׼‬؆،ଚऱ ਢԫᑌऱΔ।‫ࠡق‬ኔࠟଡਢԫᑓԫᑌऱᚾூΔ‫׽‬լመ೚Աԫଡཙߪ
Inode
ۖբୀΜ )

ȶୈ‫ٲ‬ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᡛᜌȷ
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ rm SourceFile
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls -li
total 0
343394 -rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile-HardLink
343395 lrwxrwxrwx 1 cyj cyj 10 Oct 15 15:40 SourceFile-SoftLink -> SourceFile
(ല଺ࡨऱ SourceFile ‫ܔ‬ೈ
)

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cat SourceFile-SoftLink

cat: SourceFile-SoftLink: No such file or directory
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ cat SourceFile-HardLink
(ຍழଢΔ‫ݺ‬ଚ೗ࠌ਷઎ ऱփ୲ழΔ،ᄎ‫܃္ܫ‬ψ‫ބ‬լࠩᚾூωΔ‫ڂ‬੡‫ڼ‬ຌຑ࿨
SourceFile-SoftLink
ऱ଺ࡨᚾூբᆖ๯‫ܔ‬ೈᦗΜᅝྥ‫ބ‬լࠩᚾூ೺Μ‫ױ‬ਢ೗ࠌ‫װ‬਷઎ SourceFile-HardLink ऱփ୲ழΔ௅
‫ء‬լᄎ࿇‫س‬ംᠲΔ‫ڂ‬੡࿏ຑ࿨ࠡኔ༉ਢ‫ٵ‬ԫଡᚾூΔ‫ٵ‬ԫଡ Inode ৬‫م‬ԫଡཙߪᒽԱΜլጥ‫ܔ܃‬ೈԱୌԫ
ଡཙߪΔኙ،‫ࠀߢۖߪء‬լᄎ‫ڶ‬ٚ۶ऱᐙ᥼ୀΜ)
ശࡣȂ๋‫ޱ‬ौ‫پ‬ϭಝȶᢎࣼᔬਰ᜸ȷоЅȶࢥၚ‫ٺ‬ҢЙы᜸ȷ೻‫ࡾٲ‬х‫ٺޟ‬Ң
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅӵ Linux /Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛϛȂӨ՝џо‫ٺ‬Ңή७೻‫ࡾٲ‬х‫ࣼࢥپ‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄ
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-17

ᢎࣼᔬਰ᜸
cat ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ
less ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ Ȟѽ঱ᢖӯȂҞѽϯϭడஜȟ
more ᣍऻᕫ੯аਟ Ȟѽ঱ᢖӯȂЙକϯϭడஜȟ
head ᣍऻᕫ੯ߞ༟ᔝ୓‫ ֖ܕ‬Ȟჰനऎࡈ 10 ֖ȟ
tail ᣍऻᕫ੯ߞຕ‫؍‬৆ዴ֖ Ȟჰനऎ৆ዴ 10 ֖ȟ
ᖞ‫ٽ‬ᇳ݂Ȉ
cyj@riemann:~$ cat /etc/inittab
cyj@riemann:~$ cat /etc/inittab | less
cyj@riemann:~$ less /etc/inittab
cyj@riemann:~$ more /etc/inittab
(‫א‬Ղຍࠄֱ‫ڤ‬ຟ‫ࠐشאױ‬਷઎ᚾூऱփ୲Δ‫׽‬ਢ஁ܑ‫࣍ڇ‬Δcat ᄎԫ‫ݙߐڻ‬ᚾூऱփ୲Μۖ more ਢ‫א‬଄
᧩‫ق‬Δ‫܀‬լ౨ՂՀ൴଄Μ࿝ृᎁ੡່‫شړ‬ऱᝫਢ lessΔ‫אױۯٺ‬ჸ಻ cat ᇿထࠌ‫ش‬Δ‫ڂ‬੡ less ԫᑌՈ
ਢ‫א‬଄᧩‫ق‬Δ‫܀‬ਢ‫אױ‬ᨃ‫ط۞܃‬ऱՂՀ൴଄ୀΜ)
cyj@riemann:~$ head /etc/inittab
1. # /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.
2. # $Id: inittab,v 1.91 2002/01/25 13:35:21 miquels Exp $
3.
4. # The default runlevel.
5. id:2:initdefault:
6.
7. # Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.
8. # This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.
9. si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
10.
(head ‫ڇ‬լ‫ף‬ٚ۶೶ᑇՀΔቃ๻੡᧩‫ق‬ᚾூऱψছԼ۩ωΜ)
cyj@riemann:~$ tail /etc/inittab
1.
2. # Example how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
3. #
4. #T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
5. #T1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
6.
4-18 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

7. # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.

8. #
9. #T3:23:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS3
10.
(tail ‫ڇ‬լ‫ף‬ٚ۶೶ᑇՀΔቃ๻੡᧩‫ق‬ᚾூऱψଙᑇԼ۩ωΜ)
೗๻‫ؾ‬ছΔ‫ݺ‬უല /etc/inittab ऱᚾூփ୲Δร 13 ۩ࠩร 18 ۩ऱփ୲ߐ‫ࠐנ‬Δᇠ‫ڕ‬۶೚ࡋΛ
cyj@riemann:~$ nl /etc/inittab > TMP
( ଈ٣ല/etc/inittab ऱᚾூࠌ‫ش‬ψ ωਐ‫ח‬։۩৵Δ‫׼‬ᚏ‫ژ‬੡ TMP ᚾூ)
nl

cyj@riemann:~$ head -18 TMP | tail -6

13 # Runlevel 0 is halt.
14 # Runlevel 1 is single-user.
15 # Runlevels 2-5 are multi-user.
16 # Runlevel 6 is reboot.
17 l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
18 l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1
( ࠌ‫ ش‬head ፖ tail ᓤ‫ڤٽ‬ऱ‫ش‬ऄΔ‫װ‬ᙰኲ‫ݠ‬ऱ‫ ނ‬TMP ᚾூร 13 - 18 ऱփ୲ឯ࠷‫ࠐנ‬Μ)
оΰ‫ٺ‬ҢΟ࡞ӻᜰܻȶ>ȷᙽөȃȶ|ȷPipe ้ၥਟࢺ१Ᏺө‫ޟ‬ᔖҢȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ө
՝ᗙϚዣொ೻‫ٲ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ȃџоີനর‫ޟ‬ਪ‫ࣼپ‬Ȃ‫࢐ܖ‬ΰനর‫ޟ‬ᆩમሂᆧ၄шΙ‫ٲ‬ध
ශ‫ޣ‬ᜋ঻Ȋ
ҥܻᆩၯΰϐԤࠉᎆȞനরȟᐌ౩೨ӻϚᒿ‫ޟ‬ఀᏰМӇȂӵԪ๋‫ޱ‬Ϛ҈ᆗ१ཱི
እቸ೻‫ٲ‬ϱৠȂܻ࢐௴Ңȶඪ‫ټ‬ᆩ֭ȷ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂᡱӨ՝‫پ‬кଢ଼‫پ‬Ᏸಬ೻‫ٲ‬ၥଉᇄ
ࣺᜰϱৠȄ
ȶϧቄ࢐ Shellȉȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#bash_what
ȶࡾх‫ޟ‬ήႀȉȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#bash_command
ȶ๘ᄇၯ৷ᇄࣺᄇၯ৷ȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#settings_path
ȶၥਟࢺ१Ᏺөȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#redirect
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-19

ȶAlias ᇄ Historyȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#alias_history
ȶᇯᜋ Bash Shell ᕗცȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php#settings
ӵ Linux ‫ڏܖ‬т Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛήȂࡾх‫ޟ‬ኵ໔࢐ߨல‫ޟ‬ӻ‫ޟ‬ȊЈ‫ۻ‬ή‫ؠ‬Ԥӈդ
Ρ࢐‫ׇׇ‬ӒӒ૖ஊ଄ዣ‫ܚ‬Ԥࡾх‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ȃ։‫ٺ‬Ι՝‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ՂЙႄ‫ڗ‬тϚዣ‫ࡾޟ‬х
ਢȂᗙ࢐ฒџ‫ۊ‬դȄܻ࢐ӵ‫ف‬ಛ‫ۻ‬ή൷ԤΙএȶጣΰؑօȷȂடߞӵ၌๎೻‫ࡾٲ‬
х‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ȂѺ൷࢐ȶmanpageȷȄӵ Linux ήȂौࢥࣼࡾх‫ٺޟ‬Ңᇳ݂Ȟmanpageȟ
Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍПԒȂ಑Ιᆍ൷࢐‫ޢ‬௥ man ࡾхȞ‫ٽ‬ԃ: man lsȟѪѴΙᆍПԒȂ൷࢐
‫ٺ‬Ң info ࡾхȞ‫ٽ‬ԃȈinfo lsȟȄ
୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝‫ࡣ܁‬࿦‫ڗ‬Ϛዣொ‫ࡾޟ‬хਢȂ଄ுѩюȶ man ȷᇄȶ info ȷ೻‫ڍ‬এࢥ
ၚጣΰЙы‫ࡾޟ‬хমȊ߳ᜌȶѺঈȷོ‫ܚװ‬Ԥ‫ٺޟ‬Ңᇳ݂ᇄጒ‫ٽ‬ϭಝ‫ޟ‬Ι఼Π
ཿ঻Ȋ
cyj@riemann:~$ man ls ( ࠌ‫ڤֱش‬੡Δ‫ ڇ‬man հ৵Δ‫ף‬Ղ‫܃‬უᇬംऱਐ‫ټח‬ጠ)
cyj@riemann:~$ info ls (ࠌ‫ڤֱش‬੡Δ‫ ڇ‬info հ৵Δ‫ף‬Ղ‫܃‬უᇬംऱਐ‫ټח‬ጠ)

ᖞএ‫ٽ‬υ‫ࣼپ‬Ȃ୅‫ٺ‬ϬЈौࢥࣼ ls ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ਢȈ
cyj@X40:~> man ls
Reformatting ls(1), please wait...

LS(1) User Commands LS(1)

NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort
entries alphabetically
if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
4-20 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

.
ฃ
............( ).................

Ԫਢห७൷ོҳ։‫ޟ‬ᡗҰю ls ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬୤ኵҢ‫ݲ‬ᗙԤᇳ้้݂Ȅinfo ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒ

ζ࢐Ι዁ΙኺȊ‫ޢ‬௥ȶ info lsȷȂ൷џоࣼ‫ࣺڗ‬ᜰ‫ޟ‬୤ኵҢ‫ݲ‬ᇄᇳ݂᠅Ȋ௃Ϭ
оࡣ൷ϚҢᐊЖӵ Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛήϚ‫ޣ‬ၾࡩቄ‫ٺ‬Ңࡾхώ‫ڎ‬ΟȂӰ࣏ѫौོ‫ٺ‬
Ң man ࢥࣼ manpageȂࣺ߬ΡΡ഍џоԙ࣏‫ف‬ಛଽЙ঻Ȋ

4.5.2 ҈ѓᇄᔆᕻ
҈ѓ‫ޟ‬྅‫ڏ܈‬ᄂ൷࢐ȶ໱๖ᔬਰȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂԁШϬЈӨ՝ў 7-11 ີΟΙσஂ
‫ޟ‬໽ਟၭႭॵȂԃ‫רݎ‬ঈϚີೡυ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥൷ሯौ࡞ӻହЙ‫ޱܖ‬ौ࡞ӻΡᔓԔ
਌Ȃџ࢐୅‫רٺ‬ঈҢΙএσೡυ‫װ‬Ѻঈ഍၆ଔ‫ࡣپ‬Ȃ٥൷ོᡐு࡞ԁ਌ΟȊ
ӵᔬਰ೎౩ΰȂ୅ԃձौ༈ΙԻএᔬਰ๝ᄇПȂᜲၾ൷ौΙএΙএᄚᄚ༈Ȃ༈
ΙԻԩ༝ȉԤ‫ؠ‬ԤϧቄП‫ݲ‬Шၶ‫פ‬ഀάП߯‫ڹ‬ȉ࢐Ϛ࢐џо਌Ιএσೡυ‫װ‬Ι
Իএᔬਰѓଔ‫ࡣپ‬Ȃ‫ޢ‬௥༈൷ԁ୨Ȋ೻൷࢐҈ѓ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬ȄѪѴԃ‫ݎ‬೻ΙԻ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ
ѓଔ‫ࡣپ‬άЊσΟȊ٥ࡩቄᒲȉ೻ਢঐ൷ሯौҢ‫ڗ‬ᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ΟȊоή൷࢐ौ
‫پ‬ᙏ൐ϭಝӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛήȂҢ‫҈پ‬ѓᇄᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȅ
ӵ೻ഋӋ๋‫ོޱ‬ඪ‫ࡾޟڗ‬хȂӖߒԃήȈ
҈ѓώ‫ڎ‬
tar ௟ᕫ੯༰ຕ ȞӇҒ୓‫ڽ‬ȟ
ᔆᕻώ‫ڎ‬
gzip ‫د‬ᕫ੯ᕅᖺ
gunzip ‫ د‬gzip ᕫ੯ႋᕅᖺ ȞԢ gzip -dȟ
bzip2 ‫د‬ᕫ੯ᕅᖺ ȞႵ‫ߞڸ‬ᕅᖺѧȟ
bunzip2 ‫ د‬bzip2 ᕫ੯ႋᕅᖺ ȞԢ bzip2 -dȟ
҈ѓᔬਰᇄᔆᕻᔬਰϞ୙ᔬӪ
tar *.tar

gzip *.tar.gz ‫* ݕ‬.tgz

bzip2 *.bz2
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-21

‫ר‬ঈ‫ޢ‬௥‫ࣼپ‬ᐇհҰጒȈ
ȶ ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ȷ
tar

tar [ ೶ᑇ] ᚾ‫[ ټ‬૞‫ץؚ‬ऱᚾூ]

ȶ லҢ‫ޟ‬୤ኵȷ
tar

Κ
-c create ৬‫ץم‬ᇘᚾ (‫)ץؚ‬
Κ
-x extract ᇞၲ‫ץ‬ᇘᚾ
-vΚverbose ᧩‫ق‬ᇡาᇷಛ
-fΚfile ਐࡳ‫ץ‬ᇘᚾ‫ټ‬
-tΚlist ᧩‫ق‬ᚾூऱփ୲
-CΚchange directory ֊ངࠩ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ
-zΚgzip ֭ག gzip ᚘᜍࢨᇞᚘᜍ
-jΚbzip2 ֭ག bzip2 ᚘᜍࢨᇞᚘᜍ
ȶ҈ѓᔬਰȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
cyj@riemann:~$ tar -cvf tmp-file.tar bin conf public_html
(tar [ ೶ᑇ] ᚾ‫ټ‬ [ ૞‫ץؚ‬ऱᚾூ])
bin/
bin/tmp.sh
conf/
conf/httpd.conf
conf/httpd-ssl.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf.ori
conf/vsftpd.pem
conf/vsftpd.user_list
public_html/
public_html/index.php
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
4-22 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar
(ൄ‫ش‬ऱ‫ץؚ‬೶ᑇ੡ψ -cvf ωΔՂ૪ࠏ՗‫ܛ‬ਢല bin conf public_html ‫ץؚ‬੡ tmp-file.tar ᚾூ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar
cyj@riemann:~$ mkdir TMP
(৬‫م‬ᄅऱ TMP ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)

cyj@riemann:~$ ls -al TMP/

total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Oct 15 23:03 .
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Oct 15 23:03 ..
(‫ؾ‬ছ TMP ‫ؾ‬ᙕਢ़ऱ)
ȶ၌ѓᔬਰȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ tar -xvf tmp-file.tar -C TMP
(tar [ ೶ᑇ] ᚾ‫ټ‬ [೶ᑇ] ‫ؾ‬ᙕ)
(ᇞ‫ץ‬հছΔଈ٣ၞԵࠩ TMP ‫ؾ‬ᙕխΔՈ༉ਢ‫ނ‬ᚾூᇞ‫ ۟ץ‬TMP ‫ؾ‬ᙕᇙऱრ৸)
bin/
bin/tmp.sh
conf/
conf/httpd.conf
conf/httpd-ssl.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf.ori
conf/vsftpd.pem
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-23

conf/vsftpd.user_list
public_html/
public_html/index.php
cyj@riemann:~$ ls TMP/
bin conf public_html
(ൄ‫ش‬ऱᇞ‫ץ‬೶ᑇ੡ψ -xvf ωΔ‫׼‬؆‫ףࠏڼ‬Ղψ-C ω೶ᑇΔ।‫ق‬ᇞ‫ץ‬հছଈ٣ၞԵࠩ TMP ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ)
ȶᡗҰѓ၆ᔬਰϱৠȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
File Project bin conf public_html tmp-file.tar
cyj@riemann:~$ tar -tf tmp-file.tar
(tar [ ೶ᑇ] ᚾ‫ټ‬ )
bin/
bin/tmp.sh
conf/
conf/httpd.conf
conf/httpd-ssl.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf
conf/vsftpd.conf.ori
conf/vsftpd.pem
conf/vsftpd.user_list
public_html/
public_html/index.php
(ࠌ‫ ش‬ψ - tf ω೶ᑇΔ‫אױ‬਷઎‫ץ‬ᇘᇙ૿ऱᚾூᇷಛ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
File Project bin conf public_html tmp-file.tar
(ႛਢ᧩‫ق‬ᚾூփ୲Δࠀ‫آ‬ట‫إ‬ᇞၲ‫ץ‬ᇘΔࢬ‫ א‬հ৵ࠀլᄎ‫ࠩބ‬ᇞ‫ץ‬ऱᚾூ) ls

оΰ࢐அᙃ‫ ޟ‬tar ҈ѓࡾх‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈौ‫ࣼپ‬ᔆᕻώ‫ٺޟڎ‬Ңጒ

‫᠅ٽ‬Ȋ
ȶ gzip ᔆᕻȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
4-24 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf

drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar

cyj@riemann:~$ gzip tmp-file.tar

( gzip հ৵հऴ൷‫ף‬Ղ૞ᚘᜍऱᚾ‫ټ‬༉‫ᦗאױ‬Μ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 32055 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar.gz
(‫אױ‬઎ࠩΔᚘᜍ৵ऱᚾூ೫ᚾ‫ګ᧢ټ‬Ա .gz Δ‫׼‬؆ᚾூऱՕ՛Ո᧢՛๺‫ڍ‬Ա )

ȶ gzip ၌ᔆᕻȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 32055 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar.gz

cyj@riemann:~$ gzip -d tmp-file.tar.gz

(‫ף‬Ղψ ω೶ᑇΔ༉‫אױ‬ᇞᚘᜍᦗΜࠡኔՈ‫شࠌאױ‬ψ gunzip tmp-file.tar.gz ωΔՈਢԫᑌऱ
-d
ய୍࣠Μ )

cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-25

-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar

(଺‫ء‬ऱᚘᜍᚾூբᆖ༚଺ԱΜ)
ȶ bzip2 ᔆᕻȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar

cyj@riemann:~$ bzip2 tmp-file.tar

( bzip2 հ৵հऴ൷‫ף‬Ղ૞ᚘᜍऱᚾ‫ټ‬༉‫ᦗאױ‬Μ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 22664 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar.bz2
(‫אױ‬઎ࠩΔᚘᜍ৵ऱᚾூ೫ᚾ‫ګ᧢ټ‬Ա .bz2Δଖ൓ࣹრऱਢΔආ‫ ش‬bzip2 ᚘᜍᚾூऱՕ՛ᄎֺ gzip
ᚘᜍᚾூ૞ࠐ൓‫ޓ‬՛ԫࠄ୍Μ)
ȶ bzip2 ၌ᔆᕻȷ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 22664 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar.bz2

cyj@riemann:~$ bzip2 -d tmp-file.tar.bz2

4-26 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

(‫ף‬Ղψ-d ω೶ᑇΔ༉‫אױ‬ᇞᚘᜍᦗΜࠡኔՈ‫شࠌאױ‬ψ bunzip2 tmp-file.tar.bz2 ωΔՈਢԫ

ᑌऱய୍࣠Μ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 124
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 102400 Oct 15 22:56 tmp-file.tar
( ଺‫ء‬ऱᚘᜍᚾூբᆖ༚଺ԱΜ)
tar ᇄ gzip / bzip2 ‫ޟ‬ས଩Ң‫ݲ‬Ȉ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
File Project bin conf public_html tmp-file.tar

cyj@riemann:~$ tar -czvf gzip-tar-file.tgz public_html

public_html/
public_html/index.php
‫ڇ‬
( tar ऱ೶ᑇխΔ‫ף‬Ղψ ω।‫ق‬ᨃ‫ץؚ‬ழऴ൷‫ א‬gzip ᚘᜍ)
-z

cyj@riemann:~$ tar -cjvf bzip2-tar-file.bz2 public_html

public_html/
public_html/index.php
‫ڇ‬
( tar ऱ೶ᑇխΔ‫ף‬Ղψ ω।‫ق‬ᨃ‫ץؚ‬ழऴ൷‫ א‬bzip2 ᚘᜍ)
-j

cyj@riemann:~$ ls
File bin conf public_html
Project bzip2-tar-file.bz2 gzip-tar-file.tgz tmp-file.tar

cyj@riemann:~$ mkdir TMP1 TMP2

cyj@riemann:~$ tar -zxvf gzip-tar-file.tgz -C TMP1
( ലᚾூᇞᚘᜍ۟
TMP1 ) ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ
public_html/
public_html/index.php
( ‫ٵ‬ᑌऱΔ‫ڇ‬ᇞ‫ץ‬ऱመ࿓խΔ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -z ೶ᑇΔࠌ tar ‫אױ‬ऴ൷ಾኙ .gz/.tgz ऱ‫ץ‬ᇘᇞᚘᜍΜ)
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-27

cyj@riemann:~$ tar -jxvf bzip2-tar-file.bz2 -C TMP2

(ലᚾூᇞᚘᜍ۟ TMP2 ‫ؾ‬ᙕխ )
public_html/
public_html/index.php
(‫ٵ‬ᑌऱΔ‫ڇ‬ᇞ‫ץ‬ऱመ࿓խΔ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -j ೶ᑇΔࠌ tar ‫אױ‬ऴ൷ಾኙ .bz2 ऱ‫ץ‬ᇘᇞᚘᜍΜ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls TMP*
TMP1:
public_html

TMP2:
public_html
(᧭ᢞԫՀΔଶթՂ૿ऱࠟଡᇞᚘᜍऱࠏ՗Δႉ‫פګܓ‬Μ :-D)
‫ڏ‬ᄂᗙԤ‫ޟפ؁‬ΣߞПԒȂ٥൷࢐‫ޢ‬௥ࣼ manpage ୨ȊณࡣӵᄂӴ‫ޟ‬ጛಬΙ
ฬȂད҆൷૖ዣ೽೻‫ٲ‬ώ‫ޟڎ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ο :-P
cyj@riemann:~$ man tar
cyj@riemann:~$ man gzip
cyj@riemann:~$ man bzip2

4.5.3 ‫׽؁‬ᔬਰ᠌३
ӵ Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛήȂؐΙএᔬਰ഍Ԥ‫ࣺڏ‬ᜰ‫ޟ‬឴‫ܒ‬ȂՄ೻‫ٲ‬឴‫ܒ‬धࡣ‫ܚ‬фߒ
‫ޟ‬ཎဎζ࢐Ιߞ१ौ‫ޟ‬፞ᚠȄ
ӵ೻ഋӋ๋‫ོޱ‬ඪ‫ࡾޟڗ‬хȂӖߒԃήȈ
‫׽؁‬ᔬਰ᠌३
chmod ‫ؼـ‬ᕫ੯ߞՅۤᡋন
chown ‫ؼـ‬ᕫ੯ߞᐾգ߰‫ݕ‬ᐾգ၏ೡ
chgrp ‫ؼـ‬ᕫ੯ߞᐾգ၏ೡ
ᗙ଄ுӵȶ4.5.1 ണ࿽ȷϐငԤघ౱‫ޟ‬ϭಝȶls -lȷӵ‫ׇ‬ᐌߝਿԒ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰϛȂӨ
এួ՝‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȂ౪ӵ‫ר‬ঈौ‫پ‬Ο၌Ιή಑Ιএួ՝Ȉȶ᠌३ȷ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȅ
4-28 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ყ 4.7 ᠌३྅‫܈‬Ұཎყ
ᔬਰ᜸࠮фߒಒဴ
- Regular Files ( ࠑӯϘଠߞᕫ੯)
d Directory ( ӫᔂ )

l Link Files ( ാຕᕫ੯ )

ӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛήȂӈդᔬਰ഍Ԥ‫ࣺڏ‬ᜰ‫ޟ‬ȶ᠌३឴‫ܒ‬ȷȂӵԪ᠌३

឴‫ܒ‬άಠϷ࣏έᆍȈ
1. User ᠌३Ȉೣۡ๿᏿Ԥᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ȶ᏿ԤΡȷᄇܻ၎ᔬਰ૖ୈ঺‫ٱٲ‬௑Ȅ
2. Group ᠌३Ȉೣۡ๿᏿Ԥᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ȶတಢ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ȷᄇܻ၎ᔬਰ૖ୈ঺‫ٱٲ‬௑Ȅ
3. Other ᠌३Ȉೣۡȶ‫ڏ‬т‫ܚ‬ԤΡȷᄇܻ၎ᔬਰ૖ୈ঺‫ٱٲ‬௑Ȅ

ؐΙএ᠌३άӨտҥȶrȷȃȶwȷȃȶxȷέএಒဴ‫ܚ‬ಢԙȂ๋‫ޱ‬஠ಒဴ‫ޟ‬ф
ߒཎဎᐌ౩ԃήߒȈ
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-29

‫ٺ‬Ң᠌३ ಒဴ ᄇܻᔬਰ ᄇܻҬᓃ

ᡝۤ r ᕭ໛ᕫ੯аਟ ԕӯӫᔂߞаਟ
኷Ϣ w ኷Ϣ / ᢏ‫ـ‬ᕫ੯ ࢙Ӳ / ೊ୵ ӫᔂКߞᕫ੯
ே֖ x ௟ᕫ੯ည՘຀Ց‫ڽ‬ே֖ Яധз෱ (cd) ۖӫᔂК
ᄇܻᔬਰՄِȈ
Ιএᔬਰ୅‫ڎٺ‬Ԥȶrȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३ȂߒҰӨ՝џоҢӈդ‫ޟ‬ώ‫پڎ‬ȶ᠞‫ڥ‬ȷᔬਰ
‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄԃ‫ݎ‬Ѻ᏿Ԥȶwȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३Ȃ٥ቄӨ՝џоᄇܻ၎ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ໌՗ȶӈդ
‫ޟ‬ও‫׽‬ȷȄष၎ᔬਰ‫ڎ‬Ԥȶxȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३Ȃ٥ቄ೻এᔬਰџоࣼհ࣏ȶџஈ՗ȷᔬ
ਰȂџຜ࣏แԒ‫پ‬ஈ՗Ȅ
ᄇܻҬᓃՄِȈ
ΙএҬᓃ୅‫ڎٺ‬Ԥȶrȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३ȂߒҰӨ՝џоӵԪҬᓃϛ‫ٺ‬Ң჋࢐ ls ้ࡾх‫پ‬
ȶӖҰȷюҬᓃ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄԃ‫ݎ‬Ѻ᏿Ԥȶwȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३Ȃ٥ቄӨ՝џоᄇܻ၎Ҭᓃ၇७
‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ໌՗ȶӈդ‫ޟ‬೎౩ȷȂߒҰձџоȶ࡚ҳȷ‫ܖ‬ȶւଶȷҬᓃϛ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȄषΙ
এҬᓃ‫ڎ‬Ԥȶxȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३Ȃ೻ߒҰӨ՝ೝϰ೨ϸ඲ (໌Σ) ‫ڗ‬၎ҬᓃϛȂ඲ѯၗᇳȂ
ΙএҬᓃषϚ፭Ϡȶxȷ‫᠌ޟ‬३‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ቄӨ՝஠ฒ‫໌ݲ‬Σ (cd) ‫ڗ‬ҬᓃϞϛমȊ
‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬Ι‫ٲ‬Ұጒ‫ٽޟ‬υȈ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 12:47 TEST-File

( ຍᇙ‫אױ‬઎ࠩԫଡ Project ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔԫଡ TEST-File ᚾூΖ)

Project ‫ؾ‬ᙕऱ᥆ࢤ
User : rwx ‫ᦰױ‬Δ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
Group : r-x ‫ᦰױ‬Δլ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
Other : r-x ‫ᦰױ‬Δլ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
(ຍ।‫ ق‬Project ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔψcyj ࠌ‫ृش‬ωᖑ‫່ڶ‬ՕऱᦞૻΔ‫ؾڼڇ‬ᙕխ cyj User ψ‫אױ‬೚ٚ۶ऱࠃൣωΜ
ۖ ψcyj ᆢิ (Group) ω‫ؾڼڇ‬ᙕխΔ‫אױ׽‬ψᦰ࠷ω‫֗א‬ψၞԵωΔࠀլᓿղٚ۶‫ڶ‬ᣂψᐊԵωऱ
ᦞૻΖ່৵ψࠡ‫ה‬ٚ۶Գω‫ؾڼڇ‬ᙕխΔ‫ٵ‬ᑌՈ‫ڶ׽‬ψᦰ࠷ωᇿψၞԵωऱᦞૻۖբΔՈྤऄ೚ٚ۶ψᐊ
Եωऱ೯‫܂‬Ζ)
4-30 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

TEST-File ᚾூऱ᥆ࢤ
User : rw- ‫ᦰױ‬Δ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔլ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
Group : r-- ‫ᦰױ‬Δլ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔլ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
Other : r-- ‫ᦰױ‬Δլ‫ױ‬ᐊԵΔլ‫ױ‬ച۩Ζ
(ຍ।‫ ق‬TEST-File ᚾூΔψ cyj ࠌ‫( ृش‬User)ω‫אױ‬ಾኙ‫ڼ‬ᚾூ‫ڶ‬ψᦰ࠷ωፖψᐊԵ/ଥ‫ޏ‬ωऱᦞ
ૻΔ‫܀‬ਢࠀլᓿղψ‫ױ‬ച۩ωऱᦞૻΜۖψ cyj ᆢิ (Group)ωಾኙ‫ڼ‬ᚾூΔႛႛ‫אױ‬ψᦰ࠷ωΔࠀլ
ᓿղٚ۶‫ڶ‬ᣂψᐊԵω‫֗א‬ψച۩ωऱᦞૻΖ່৵ψࠡ‫ה‬ٚ۶Գωኙ࣍‫ڼ‬ᚾூΔ‫ٵ‬ᑌՈ‫ڶ׽‬ψᦰ࠷ωऱᦞ
ૻۖբΔՈྤऄ೚ٚ۶ψᐊԵωፖψച۩ωऱ೯‫܂‬Ζ)
OKȊߑ؏‫پ‬ᖿȂӨ՝Ԥ೻ኺஅҏ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ᠌३྅‫܈‬൷џо᠅Ȋ௥๿๋‫ޱ‬ौ‫پ‬ϭ
ಝӵ Linux / Unix-Like ‫ف‬ಛϛȂҢ‫پ‬ȶ‫׽؁‬ᔬਰ᠌३ȷ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȉȶchmodȷ‫ٺޟ‬
Ң྅‫܈‬Ȅ

ყ 4.8 chmod ‫ޟ‬அᙃҢ‫ݲ‬

 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-31

‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬Ι‫ٲ‬Ұጒ‫ٽޟ‬υȈ
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 A
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 B
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 C
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 D
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 E
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 F
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 G
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 H
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 I
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 J
(଺ࡨऱᚾூᦞૻᇷಛ)
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod 742 A
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod 135 B
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod 246 C
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod 341 D
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod 271 E
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod u=rw,g=x,o=wx F
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod g-wx,o+x G
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod a-wx H
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod u+rx,o-x I
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ chmod a-rwx J
(։ܑආ‫ش‬όᑇ‫ڗ‬।‫ق‬ऄύ‫֗א‬όฤᇆ।‫ق‬ऄύࠐ᧢‫)ૻᦞޓ‬
cyj@riemann:~/TMP$ ls -l
total 0
-rwxr---w- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 A
---x-wxr-x 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 B
--w-r--rw- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 C
--wxr----x 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 D
--w-rwx--x 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 E
-rw---x-wx 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 F
-rw-r--r-x 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 G
-r--r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 H
4-32 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

-rwxr--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 I

---------- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:12 J
(᧢‫ګݙޓ‬৵ऱणኪ )

Ο၌ chmod оЅ᠌३‫ޟ‬྅‫ࡣ܈‬Ȃ௥๿Ȃ‫ר‬ঈौ‫پ‬ᇯᜋоή೻‫ڍ‬এࡾх‫ٺޟ‬Ң
ПԒȈ
chown ‫ؼـ‬ᕫ੯ߞᐾգ߰‫ݕ‬ᐾգ၏ೡ
chgrp ‫ؼـ‬ᕫ੯ߞᐾգ၏ೡ
ᙤҥতϗ chmod ‫ٺޟ‬ҢϭಝȂσড়ᄇܻ಑Ιএួ՝ȶ᠌३ȷϐငԤஅᙃ‫ޟ‬྅
‫᠅܈‬Ȋ౪ӵ‫ר‬ঈौ‫ࣼپ‬಑έᇄ಑Ѳএួ՝Ȉȶᔬਰ᏿ԤΡȷȃȶᔬਰ᏿ԤတಢȷȄ

ყ 4.9

ӵ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂؐΙএᔬਰ഍ོԤ᏿Ԥ‫ޱ‬ᇄ᏿ԤတಢȂ‫ר‬ঈџо௃ড়Ҭᓃ (/home)
ϛ఼ཿ‫ࣼޟ‬ю‫پ‬Ȅӵ‫ف‬ಛড়Ҭᓃ࿋ϛȂؐΙ՝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬഍࢐тঈՌϏড়Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬᏿Ԥ
‫ޱ‬оЅ᏿ԤတಢȄ

ყ 4.10
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-33

ՄȶchownȷоЅȶchgrpȷ೻‫ڍ‬এࡾх։࢐Ң‫پ‬ᡐ‫؁‬ᔬਰҬᓃϞȶ᏿Ԥ‫ޱ‬ȷ
‫ܖ‬ȶတಢȷ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ȄԪ‫ڍ‬ᆍ Unix ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢПԒȂ๋‫ޱ‬ҥήП‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫࣏پٽ‬
Ө՝ୈᇳ݂Ȅ
chown Ң‫ݲ‬
chown [ ᖑ‫ ]ृڶ‬: [ᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ] ᚾூ
chgrp Ң‫ݲ‬
chgrp [ ᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ] ᚾூ
ᔖҢጒ‫ٽ‬ϭಝ
cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File1
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File2
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File3
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:47 File4
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:47 File5
( ‫ؾ‬ছຍնଡᚾூ File1~File5ऱᖑ‫ृڶ‬ፖᆢิຟ᥆࣍ cyj )

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ chown cyj:yenlung File1

chown: changing ownership of `File1': Operation not permitted
(‫࣍ط‬ψ‫ૻᦞޏޓ‬ω‫֗א‬ψ‫ޏޓ‬ᆢิωբᆖլ᥆࣍ԫ౳ࠌ‫ृش‬౨೚ऱࠃൣᦗΜࢬ‫א‬ຍᢰᄎ‫ڶ‬ψᦞૻլߩωऱ
ᤞ‫ܫ‬ಛஒΜ )

cyj@riemann:/tmp/TEST$ su -
Password: ( ᙁԵ യᒘ
root )
( ‫شࠌאױ‬ψsu - ωຍଡਐ‫۞ޏޓࠐח‬աऱᦞૻΔவ֒੡ψ၌్ࠌ‫ ृش‬rootω)
riemann:~# cd /tmp/TEST/
( ‫ؾ‬ছ࿆Եऱߪٝբᆖ᠏᧢੡ψ၌్ࠌ‫ृش‬ωᦗΜ‫ڗق༼ڼڂ‬ցՈ᧢‫ګ‬ψ # ωฤᇆᦗΜ)
riemann:/tmp/TEST# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File1
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File2
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File3
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:47 File4
4-34 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj cyj 0 Oct 16 20:47 File5

riemann:/tmp/TEST# chown cyj:yenlung File1

ല
( File1 ऱᖑ‫ޏޓृڶ‬੡ cyj Δᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ‫ޏޓ‬੡ yenlung )

riemann:/tmp/TEST# chown yenlung File2

ല
( File2 ऱᖑ‫ޏޓृڶ‬੡ yenlung )

riemann:/tmp/TEST# chown :kkd File3

ല
( File3 ऱᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ‫ޏޓ‬੡ kkd )

riemann:/tmp/TEST# chgrp apua File4

(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ chgrp ωലFile4 ऱᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ‫ޏޓ‬੡ apua Δࠡኔ،ऱ‫ش‬ऄ࿛‫࣍ٵ‬Κψchown :apua File4 ω)
riemann:/tmp/TEST# chown yenlung:apua File5
ല
( File5 ऱᖑ‫ޏޓृڶ‬੡ yenlung Δᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิ‫ޏޓ‬੡apua )

riemann:/tmp/TEST# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj yenlung 0 Oct 16 20:46 File1
-rw-r--r-- 1 yenlung cyj 0 Oct 16 20:46 File2
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj kkd 0 Oct 16 20:46 File3
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj apua 0 Oct 16 20:47 File4
-rw-r--r-- 1 yenlung apua 0 Oct 16 20:47 File5
(᧭ᢞԫՀΔଶթऱ‫ޏޓ‬೯‫܂‬٤ຝ‫פګ‬೺Μ)
riemann:/tmp/TEST# chgrp jimyeh File*
(່৵࿝ृࠌ‫ش‬ chgrp ലࢬ‫ڶ‬ᚾூऱᖑ‫ڶ‬ᆢิออ‫ ګޏ‬jimyeh )
riemann:/tmp/TEST# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj jimyeh 0 Oct 16 20:46 File1
-rw-r--r-- 1 yenlung jimyeh 0 Oct 16 20:46 File2
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj jimyeh 0 Oct 16 20:46 File3
-rw-r--r-- 1 cyj jimyeh 0 Oct 16 20:47 File4
-rw-r--r-- 1 yenlung jimyeh 0 Oct 16 20:47 File5
(᧭ᢞԫՀΔଶթऱ‫ޏޓ‬೯‫܂‬٤ຝ‫פګ‬೺Μ)
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-35

4.5.4 ൶‫ײ‬ᔬਰᇄϱৠ
൶‫فײ‬ಛΰ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ
ӵ Linux ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ኵ໔ߨலߨல‫ޟ‬ӻȂ୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝ϬЈौ‫ײ‬Ιএѩୈ
ȶRELEASE-NOTES.zh_TW.htmlȷ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲȂԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң੫੆‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ٥
ଏϚ࢐ौᙚႇ‫ف‬ಛϗ૖‫ڗײ‬ѺȄ۷ԁȂӵ‫ف‬ಛϐငϱ࡚೨ӻཪ൶ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬๝‫ר‬
ঈ‫ٺ‬Ң୨Ȋή७‫ר‬ঈौ‫پ‬ᙏ൐ϭಝ೻‫ٲ‬ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ӵ೻၇ོ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ࡾޟڗ‬хȂ๋‫װޱ‬Ѻঈᐌ౩ӖߒԃήȈ
ཪ൶‫ف‬ಛᔬਰ
find ྩඵ‫ڀ‬೚Кߞᕫ੯
locate ྩඵ‫ڀ‬೚Кߞᕫ੯Ȟ൅ჅЏᑋನߞႤਫ਼਱ȟ
whereis ྩඵࢽ҄ԩᇍߞहᝯᕫ੯
which ྩඵࢽ҄ԩᇍ‫ݙ‬ՅԴߞ֜၉Ȟੲᑂ ȟ PATH

type ࣤ႙ࢽ҄ԩᇍ‫ݙ‬ՅԴߞ֜၉ѽфᇌ᝷
ȶfindȷᇄȶlocateȷ഍࢐џо‫ޢ‬௥Ң‫پ‬ཪ൶ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ȂϚႆШၶ੫տ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ
find ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ПԒȂ࢐‫ޢ‬௥௃ File System ‫پ‬ཪ൶ȂӰԪཪ൶‫ޟ‬ഀོ࡙ШၶᄚȂՄ
иζШၶૉາ‫ف‬ಛၥྛȄlocate ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ПԒȂ࢐ആႆΙএϐငષЕȞindexȟ‫ׇ‬
ԙ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ৲‫ײپ‬юᔬਰ‫ܚ‬ӵ՝ညȂ‫ܚ‬о locate ཪ൶‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙Шၶ‫פ‬ഀȂζϚོૉາ
Њӻ‫فޟ‬ಛၥྛȂϚႆ೽லӵ‫ٺ‬Ң locate ϞࠉȂ഍ौӑ‫ٺ‬ҢȶupdatedbȷࡾхȂ
‫࡚پ‬ҳᔬਰષЕၥਟ৲Ȅ

ყ 4.11
4-36 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ଶΟཪ൶‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰϞѴȂӵԪζौϭಝӨ՝ԤᜰܻȶࡾхӪᆎȷ‫ܖ‬ȶࡾхࣺ
ᜰၥਟȷ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ whereisȃwhichȃtype ้้Ȅή७๋‫ޢޱ‬௥оΙ‫ٲ‬
லҢ‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫࣏پٽ‬Ө՝ϭಝ೻‫ ٲ‬Unix ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȅ
find Ң‫ݲ‬
$ find [ ‫ؾ‬ᙕ] [೶ᑇ] ૞ჼ༈ऱ‫[ ۭڗ‬೯‫]܂‬
$ find /home -name "yenjinc.info"
$ find /home -name "yenjinc.info" -exec rm {} \;

‫ٺ‬Ң find ཪ൶ᔬਰ

cyj@riemann:~$ ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 7 13:49 File
drwxr-xr-x 9 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 17 15:57 Project
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Oct 16 20:12 TMP
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 09:40 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 13 11:33 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 cyj cyj 4096 Aug 12 09:28 public_html
cyj@riemann:~$ find . -name "Test.txt"
./Project/ssh/Test.txt
(ԫଡࠢীऱჼ༈ᚾூऱᒤࠏ )

‫ٺ‬Ң find ཪ൶ᔬਰ‫ٮ‬ஈ՗ࣺᜰଢ଼հ

cyj@riemann:~$ find . -name "Test.txt"
./Project/ssh/Test.txt
(‫ࠩބ‬ Test.txt ᚾூ‫ڇ‬
./Project/ssh/ խ)
cyj@riemann:~$ find . -name "Test.txt" -exec rm {} \;
(‫ף‬Ղψ ω।‫ڇق‬ჼ༈հ৵‫ܛ‬ലψച۩ઌᣂ೯‫܂‬ωΔຍԫଡࠏ՗ਢΚᅝ‫ࠩބ‬ᚾூ৵Δኙຍࠄᚾூ೚
-exec
‫ܔ‬ೈऱ೯‫܂‬Δ࣍ਢ‫ڇ‬ հ৵ጹ൷ထਢψ
-exec ωΔψ ωਢ‫ܔ‬ೈᚾூऱრ৸Δۖψ{}ωঞ।‫ق‬
rm {} \; rm
ჼ༈ࠩऱᚾூ Δ່৵ऱψ ω।‫ڼق‬೯‫܂‬ऱ࿨‫ޔ‬Ζ
(Test.txt) \; )

cyj@riemann:~$ find . -name "Test.txt"

(‫࣍ط‬ᇠᚾբᆖ๯‫ܔ‬ೈԱΔࢬ‫א‬෼‫ڇ‬բᆖჼ༈լࠩᦗΜ )
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-37

ȶ-atimeȷȃȶ-ctimeȷȃȶ-mtimeȷ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ
cyj@riemann:~$ man find
Reformatting find(1), please wait...

-atime n
File was last accessed n*24 hours ago.
(Access: ।‫ق‬ψ‫࠷ژ‬ωΕψ ω
Read )
-ctime n
File's status was last changed n*24 hours ago.
(Change: ‫᧢ޏ‬መणኪΔࠏ‫ڕ‬Κψ‫ټޏ‬ωΕψଥ‫ૻᦞޏ‬ω ࿛ .. )

-mtime n
File's data was last modified n*24 hours ago.
(Modify: ।‫ق‬ψଥ‫ޏ‬መփ୲ω )

cyj@riemann:/$ cd /
cyj@riemann:/$ date
Tue Oct 17 21:38:47 CST 2006
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ date ωਐ‫ח‬਷઎ᅝՀऱֲཚፖழၴ)
cyj@riemann:/$ su -
Password:
(‫࣍ط‬൷Հࠐಾኙຝٝߓอ‫ؾ‬ᙕऱჼ༈ΔᏁ૞௽௘ᦞૻΔࢬ‫א‬٣֊ང‫ګ‬၌్ࠌ‫ ृش‬root)
riemann:~# find /var -mtime 10 -exec ls -l {} \;
-rw------- 1 root root 2477 Oct 7 07:55 /var/log/vsftpd.log.2
(ಾኙψ /var ω‫ؾ‬ᙕࠐ‫נބ‬ψ ֚հছωٚ۶‫ڶ‬ψଥ‫ޏ‬መωऱᚾூΔࠀ‫ شࠌ׊‬ls -l ലࠡ᧩‫ࠐנق‬Ζ‫ٺ‬
10
‫אױۯ‬ൕ ls -l ‫ݙ‬ᖞ९௑‫ڤ‬խ࿇෼Δᇠᚾூ‫ڇ‬ψ Oct 7 ωழ່৵๯‫ޓ‬೯መ (ᒔኔਢฤ‫ ٽ‬10 ֚հছऱය
ٙΖ) )

riemann:~# find /var -atime 5 -exec ls -l {} \;

-rw-r----- 1 Debian-exim adm 677 Oct 12 06:25 /var/log/exim4/mainlog.7.gz
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 851 Oct 13 06:25 /var/log/syslog.4.gz
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql adm 887461 Oct 13 06:25 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.073
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 20 Oct 12 06:25 /var/log/mysql.err.6.gz
-rw-r----- 1 mysql adm 20 Oct 12 06:25 /var/log/mysql.log.6.gz
-rw-rw---- 1 apua mail 0 Oct 12 12:22 /var/mail/apua
(ಾኙψ /var ω‫ؾ‬ᙕࠐ‫נބ‬ψ5 ֚հছωٚ۶‫ڶ‬ψ‫࠷ژ‬መωऱᚾூΔࠀ‫ شࠌ׊‬ls -l ലࠡ᧩‫ࠐנق‬Ζ‫ۯٺ‬
‫אױ‬ൕ ls -l ‫ݙ‬ᖞ९௑‫ڤ‬խ࿇෼Δຍࠄᚾூऱ່৵‫ޓ‬೯ֲཚऱᒔຟਢ‫ڇ‬ψ Oct 17 ωದࡨऱຍն֚հփΖ)
4-38 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

riemann:~# find /var -ctime 1 -exec ls -l {} \;

-r--r--r-- 1 root root 79856 Oct 16 06:25 /var/log/ksymoops/20061016062552.ksyms
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 985 Oct 16 06:25 /var/log/ksymoops/20061016062552.modules
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 6689 Oct 16 08:32 /var/log/apache-ssl/error.log
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql adm 450785 Oct 16 06:25 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.076
-rw------- 1 root root 689 Oct 15 22:10 /var/log/vsftpd.log
(ಾኙψ ω‫ؾ‬ᙕࠐ‫נބ‬ψ ֚հছωٚ۶‫ڶ‬ψ‫᧢ޏ‬መणኪωऱᚾூΔࠀ‫شࠌ׊‬
/var 1 ls -l ലࠡ᧩‫ࠐנق‬Ζ
‫אױۯٺ‬ൕ ‫ݙ‬ᖞ९௑‫ڤ‬խ࿇෼Δຍࠄᚾூऱ່৵‫ޓ‬೯ֲཚऱᒔຟਢ‫ڇ‬ψ
ls -l Oct 17 ωದࡨऱຍԫ֚
հփΖ )

ȶ-aminȷȃȶ-cminȷȃȶ-mminȷ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ
cyj@riemann:~$ man find
Reformatting find(1), please wait...

-amin n
File was last accessed n minutes ago.
(Access: ।‫ق‬ψ‫࠷ژ‬ωΕψ ω
Read )
-cmin n
File's status was last changed n minutes ago.
(Change: ‫᧢ޏ‬መणኪΔࠏ‫ڕ‬Κψ‫ټޏ‬ωΕψଥ‫ૻᦞޏ‬ω ࿛ .. )

-mmin n
File's data was last modified n minutes ago.
(Modify: ।‫ق‬ψଥ‫ޏ‬መփ୲ω )

ȶ-aminȷȃȶ-cminȷȃȶ-mminȷ೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒᇄΰक़‫ޟ‬ȶ-atimeȷȃ
ȶ-ctimeȷȃȶ-mtimeȷ‫ٺޟ‬ҢȂஅҏΰҢ‫࢐ݲ‬σӣω౴মȊ୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝Ԥᑹ፸‫ޟ‬
ၗȂϚֹϸ඲‫ ڗ‬/tmp Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ήȂᄂሬ‫ޟ‬ցҢ find ёΰ೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵ‫پ‬ၐၐࣼȊоΰ
೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵӵ౪ᄂҡࣀϛ࡞லҢ‫ڗ‬মȊ୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝ᒑ٘ᡝᡛႆ೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵ‫ٺޟ‬ҢࡣȂΙ
ོۡ‫؁‬ё౏ӟຫ‫ޟ‬Ȋ๋‫ޱ‬ౠདȂᖂԤΙЈȂձΙོۡҢ‫ڗ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬Ȋ :-D
locate Ң‫ݲ‬
$ locate [ ‫ބ‬༈ऱᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ]
$ locate TEST.File.txt
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-39

ӵ‫ٺ‬Ң locate ϞࠉȂ҆໸ӑ‫ཱི؁‬ locate ၥਟ৲Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ңȶ updatedb ȷ

ࡾх
cyj@riemann:~$ sudo updatedb
ψ
( sudoωਐ‫אױח‬ᨃ‫ڻڼ‬ച۩ऱ೯‫܂‬ਢ‫ࠐૻᦞ א‬ച۩Δ‫ شڼڇ‬locate հছΔಖ൓૞٣ച۩
root
ψ ωΔ‫חࡎڼ‬ᄎ٣ല
updatedb ऱᚾூᇷற౉֧Δࠀ‫ڇ࣋ژ‬
File System
ψ ω
/var/cache/locate/locatedb )

cyj@riemann:~$ locate passwd

/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd-
(‫ބ‬༈‫ټ‬ጠ੡ passwd ऱᚾூ)
cyj@riemann:~$ locate httpd.conf
/home/cyj/LocalApps/Apache/conf/httpd.conf
/home/cyj/LocalApps/Apache/conf/original/httpd.conf
(‫ބ‬༈‫ټ‬ጠ੡ httpd.conf ऱᚾூ
)

locate ‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒौШ find ‫پ‬ுᙏ൐ȂՄиӵཪ൶ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ഀ࡙ΰȂζၶ find

ौ‫پ‬ு‫פ‬ഀȂϚႆ locate Ԥএωωીᘈ൷࢐ȂӨ՝‫فޟ‬ಛौȶۡ෈ȷ‫ޟ‬
ȶupdatedbȷȂ೻ኺϗ૖ᡱᔬਰષЕ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ૖Ι‫ࡻ߳ޢ‬ӵശཱི‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȂ୅‫ٺ‬Ө
՝ӵ updatedb ϞࡣȂϗ࡚ҳཱི‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ٥ቄ೻এཱི‫ޟ‬ᔬਰԤџ૖ོཪ൶Ϛ‫ڗ‬মȊ
೻࢐Ӱ࣏ updatedb ၥਟ৲‫ۦ‬Ґ‫ޟཱི؁‬নӰȄ
оή࢐๋‫ޱ‬ବᄇԪ‫ܚݷޑ‬Ұጒ‫ޟ‬ᙏ൐‫ٽ‬υȈ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
Desktop Documents Library Movies Music Pictures Public Sites

cyj@riemann:~$ touch New-File.txt

cyj@riemann:~$ ls
Desktop Library Music Pictures Sites
Documents Movies New-File.txt Public
(৬‫م‬ԫଡᄅऱᚾூ )

cyj@riemann:~$ locate New-File.txt

(ຍழଢΔ࿝ृऴ൷ࠌ‫ش‬ locate ࠐჼ༈ຍଡᄅ৬‫م‬ऱᚾூΔࡺྥ‫ބ‬լࠩٚ۶ᇷறΜ)
cyj@riemann:~$ sudo updatedb
4-40 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

( ࣍ਢ࿝ृ֫೯ૹᄅ‫ ڇ‬updatedb ԫ‫)ڻ‬

cyj@riemann:~$ locate New-File.txt
/home/cyj/New-File.txt
(ຍழଢΔଶթᄅ৬‫م‬ऱᚾூբᆖ๯౉֧ࠩᇷற஄խԱΔࢬ‫אױא‬ႉ‫ᦗࠩބܓ‬Μࢬ‫ۯٺא‬ऱߓอ૞ψࡳཚω
ऱψ ωΔຍᑌթ౨ᨃᚾூ౉֧ऱփ୲౨ԫऴঅ਍‫່ڇ‬ᄅऱणኪୀΜ)
updatedb

ࣼ‫ׇ‬Ο findȃlocate ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ϞࡣȂ௥ή‫پ‬ौϭಝӨ՝ԤᜰܻȶࡾхӪᆎȷ‫ܖ‬ȶࡾ

хࣺᜰၥਟȷ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ whereis ȃwhichȃtype ้้Ȅή७๋‫ޢޱ‬௥о
Ι‫ٲ‬லҢ‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫࣏پٽ‬Ө՝ϭಝ೻‫ ٲ‬Unix ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȅ
whereis ྩඵࢽ҄ԩᇍߞहᝯᕫ੯
which ྩඵࢽ҄ԩᇍ‫ݙ‬ՅԴߞ֜၉ ੲᑂ ( PATH)

type ࣤ႙ࢽ҄ԩᇍ‫ݙ‬ՅԴߞ֜၉ѽфᇌ᝷

ȶ whereis Ң‫ݲ‬ȷ
$ whereis [ ೶ᑇ] ਷ᇬऱᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ
$ whereis -b man
$ whereis man

ࢥၚࡾхӪᆎ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰᔬਰ
-b Search only for binaries.
-m Search only for manual sections.
-s Search only for sources.

cyj@riemann:~$ whereis -b man

man: /usr/bin/man /usr/local/man /usr/share/man
( ‫ބ‬༈‫ڶ‬ᣂman binaryऱ ) ᚾூ
cyj@riemann:~$ whereis -m man
man: /usr/share/man/man1/man.1.gz /usr/share/man/man7/man.7.gz
( ‫ބ‬༈‫ڶ‬ᣂman manualऱ ࠌ‫ם֫ش‬ᚾூ
)

cyj@riemann:~$ whereis -s man

( ‫ބ‬༈‫ڶ‬ᣂman sourceऱ ᚾூΔ‫ߓ࣍ط‬อխ޲‫ ڶ‬man ऱ source File ࢬ‫ڼڇא‬ჼ༈լࠩ)
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-41

ȶ which Ң‫ݲ‬ȷ
$ which [ ਷ᇬऱਐ‫ټח‬ጠ]
$ which ls
$ which mkdir

ࢥၚࡾхᔬਰ‫ܚޟ‬ӵ՝ည ਲ਼ᐃ ( PATH)

cyj@riemann:~$ which ls
/bin/ls
(௅ᖕ PATH ࢬ‫ࠩބ‬ऱ ls ࢬ‫ۯڇ‬ᆜ‫ ڇ‬/bin/ls)
cyj@riemann:~$ which man
/usr/bin/man
(௅ᖕ PATH ࢬ‫ࠩބ‬ऱ man ࢬ‫ۯڇ‬ᆜ‫ ڇ‬/usr/bin/man)
cyj@riemann:~$ which mkdir
/bin/mkdir
(௅ᖕ PATH ࢬ‫ࠩބ‬ऱ mkdir ࢬ‫ۯڇ‬ᆜ‫ ڇ‬/bin/mkdir)
ȶ type Ң‫ݲ‬ȷ
$ type [ ਷ᇬऱਐ‫ټח‬ጠ]
$ type mkdir

ࢥၚࡾхӪᆎ‫ܚ‬Ԇӵ‫ޟ‬՝ညоЅᆍ᜸
cyj@riemann:~$ type man
man is hashed (/usr/bin/man)
(਷ᇬऱ࿨࣠।‫ق‬Δ man ਢ‫ڇ‬
/usr/bin/man)

cyj@riemann:~$ type mkdir

mkdir is /bin/mkdir
(਷ᇬऱ࿨࣠।‫ق‬Δ mkdir ਢ‫ڇ‬/bin/mkdir)

cyj@riemann:~$ type cd
cd is a shell builtin
(਷ᇬऱ࿨࣠।‫ق‬Δ ਢ cd shell փ৬ऱਐ‫)ח‬
cyj@riemann:~$ type ls
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
(਷ᇬऱ࿨࣠।‫ق‬Δ ‫ڼڇ‬ਢԫଡψ
ls Alias ωΔࠡփ୲ਢΚψls --color=autoω)
4-42 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

൶‫ײ‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ
๋‫ޱ‬ӵΰΙണ࿽၇‫ܚ‬ϭಝ‫ޟ‬഍࢐ཪ൶ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ȶӪᆎȷȂ౪ӵौ‫پ‬ϭಝ‫࢐ޟ‬ཪ൶
ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ȶϱৠȷȞζ൷࢐ȶᘝ‫ڥ‬ᔬਰԅ՛ϱৠȷ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȟȄ඲ѯၗᇳȂШԃϬЈ
σড়ौཪ൶‫ف‬ಛϛ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫* ޟ‬.txt ᔬਰȂौ‫ײپ‬ю঺ඁএ txt ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ϱМ࿋ϛԤ
ȶyenjinc.infoȷ೻ඁএԅ՛Ȃ٥ቄ൷ሯौ‫ٺ‬Ңȶgrepȷ೻এώ‫پڎ‬ཪ൶ΟȊ௥ή
‫پ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ൷ौ‫پ‬ᙏ൐ᇯᜋΙή grep ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢП‫᠅ݲ‬Ȋ
$ man grep

GREP(1) GREP(1)

NAME
grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

SYNOPSIS
grep [options] PATTERN [FILE...]

ȶ grep Ң‫ݲ‬ȷ
$ grep [ ೶ᑇ] ઌᣂ‫ۭڗ‬ [ ᚾூ]
$ grep "yenjinc.info" /
$ grep -n "yenlung" /etc/passwd

cyj@riemann:~$ grep cyj /etc/passwd

cyj:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/cyj:/bin/bash
(ऴ൷‫ބ‬༈ /etc/passwd խ‫ڶ‬ᣂ
cyj ) ऱ‫ۭڗ‬
cyj@riemann:~$ cat /etc/passwd | grep cyj
cyj:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/cyj:/bin/bash
(ፖՂԫଡࠏ՗ਢԫᑌऱΔլመຍᇙਢආ‫ش‬ല grep ൷‫ ڇ‬Pipe line հ৵Δຍਢൄߠऱࠌ‫)ڤֱش‬
cyj@riemann:~$ grep -n yenlung /etc/passwd
25:yenlung:x:1003:1003:,,,:/home/yenlung:/bin/bash
(‫ף‬Ղψ ωല‫ࠩބ‬ऱ۩ᑇփ୲Ոᑑ‫ࠐנق‬Δ।‫ق‬ຍ‫ڻ‬ჼ༈࿨࣠Δ
-n yenlung ‫נ‬෼‫ڇ‬ᚾூऱร 25 ۩)
cyj@riemann:~$ grep -n false /etc/passwd
19:Debian-exim:x:102:102::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
21:identd:x:100:65534::/var/run/identd:/bin/false
 4.5 Linux ‫ޟ‬அҏώ‫ڎ‬ 4-43

22:sshd:x:101:65534::/var/run/sshd:/bin/false
(‫ٵ‬ᑌऱԫଡࠏ՗Δല /etc/passwd խΔܶ‫ڶ‬ false ‫ۭڗ‬փ୲ऱ۩ᑇຟ٨‫)ࠐנ‬
cyj@riemann:~$ grep -v sh /etc/passwd
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
Debian-exim:x:102:102::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
identd:x:100:65534::/var/run/identd:/bin/false
ψ ω।‫ق‬ψ֘‫ٻ‬ჼ༈ωऱრ৸Μࢬ‫א‬ຍଡࠏ՗।‫ق‬Δല
( -v ᚾூխΔࢬ‫ ܶץڶ‬sh ऱփ୲
/etc/passwd
ຟψլ૞ω᧩‫ࠐנق‬Μང‫؁‬ᇩᎅΔՈ༉ਢലψլ‫ܶץ‬ω ऱփ୲ຟ૞᧩‫ࠐנق‬Ζ) sh

ȶ grep ȷΙ‫ڏٲ‬тலҢ‫ޟ‬ПԒ
PowerBook-G4-12:~ Denny$ history | grep ssh |grep cyj
78 ssh cyj@140.119.175.XX
228 ssh cyj@140.119.175.XX
262 ssh cyj@140.119.175.XX
347 ssh cyj@140.119.175.XX
349 ssh cyj@140.119.175.XX
ΰࠌ‫ش‬ψgrepω‫֗א‬ψᖄጥωࠐመៀԫࠄ࿓‫ڤ‬ᙁ‫נ‬ऱփ୲Ζຍԫଡᒤࠏ‫ܛ‬ਢലࢬ‫ڶ‬ψhistoryωխΔ‫ܶץ‬
ssh ‫ ֗א‬cyj ऱ࿨࣠ຟ᧩‫ࠐנق‬Μα

yenjinc@giant:~/Products$ find . -type f -exec grep -Hn "plone" {} \;

./skins/sin/sinList.pt:5: i18n:domain="plone">
./skins/sin/sinBox.pt:3: i18n:domain="plone">
./skins/sin/sincfg.pt:5: i18n:domain="plone">
./skins/sin/rss_slot.pt:5: i18n:domain="plone">
ΰࠌ‫ڇ ش‬෼۩‫ؾ‬ᙕխ‫ބ‬༈ࢬ‫ڶ‬ᚾூΔࠀലຍࠄᚾூփ୲‫ܶץڶ‬ψploneω‫ۭڗ‬ऱψᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠωᇿψ۩
find
ᑇωᑑ‫ࠐנق‬Μα
cyj@riemann:~$ cat /boot/grub/menu.lst |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$
default 0
timeout 5
color cyan/blue white/blue
title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.4.27-2-386
root (hd0,4)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.27-2-386 root=/dev/hda1 ro
initrd /initrd.img-2.4.27-2-386
savedefault
boot
title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.4.27-2-386 (recovery mode)
4-44 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

root (hd0,4)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.27-2-386 root=/dev/hda1 ro single
initrd /initrd.img-2.4.27-2-386
savedefault
boot

೻Ιএ‫ٽ‬υȂᙏ൐‫پ‬ᇳ։࢐஠ /boot/grub/menu.lst ᔬਰȂ‫ܚװ‬Ԥȶо # ࣏໠

ᓞȷоЅȶުҩ՗ȷಛಛ਌௬Ϟࡣ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ᡗҰю‫پ‬Ȃ೻এ‫ٽ‬υ‫ٺ‬ҢΟΙ‫ٲ‬ȶғೣ
ߒҰԒȷȂ๋‫ོޱ‬ӵήΙ࿽ୈϭಝȄ

4.6 ໲΢Ѕ˯ჄΓ௣‫ے‬ΰВ
ՂᄂᇳȊӵ೻ҏਪΰᖿ࿲ҢԅϯᇄғೣߒҰԒ࢐ᢍࣜ‫ޟ‬ȂϚႆ೻அҏђԃ‫҈ݎ‬
ԁ‫ޟ‬ၗȂоࡣӵ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ܖ‬ᆓ౩ձ‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ف‬ಛਢȂΙོۡ‫؁‬П߯ԁҢȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ڹ‬Ȋ๋
‫ޱ‬ӵή७஠ོԤ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬၌ᇳᇄᄂୈȄ‫ה‬ఖ᠞‫ޱ‬џо֜ԝȂԃ‫ࣼݎ‬Ϛᔗζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ
้ձҢ Linux δΟоࡣȂӔ‫ࣼࣼپ‬೻এണ࿽ΙۡζོԤ‫ܚ‬ᔓօ‫ޟ‬Ȅ

4.6.1 ࿲Ңԅϯ
ӵ‫ف‬ಛ‫ ޟ‬shell ‫ۻ‬ήȂ᏿ԤΙ‫ٲ‬࿲ҢԅϯȞwild cardȟȂ೻‫ٲ‬࿲Ңԅϯᄇܻᔬ
ਰ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶ࣺ࿋ԁҢ঻Ȋ࿋ณ୨Ȋ࿲ҢԅϯଶΟӵᔬਰཪ൶џо‫ٺ‬ҢоѴȂҁலӨ
՝ӵ೎౩Ι‫ٱٲ‬௑‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂष‫ٺ‬Ң࿲Ңԅϯζོᡐுࣺ࿋П߯Ȋή७ᙏ൐ᖞ‫ٽ‬࿲
Ңԅϯ‫ٺޟ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ಒဴ ᇳ݂
? ေӡՄЮȂ҃ࠑթ഍Ϙ‫ܠ‬ঋգȶϘৎՄЮȷ
* ေӡՄЮȂ҃ࠑթ഍Ҟѽգȶ0 ‫ݕ‬ԺৎՄЮȷ

൶‫ޟײ‬ԅ՛ ᄇࢎ‫ޟڗ‬ᔬਰ
File? File1
File2
File* File
File1
 4.6 ࿲ҢԅϯᇄғೣߒҰԒ 4-45

൶‫ޟײ‬ԅ՛ ᄇࢎ‫ޟڗ‬ᔬਰ
File1a
File1b
File2
File2a
?ile* File
file
Lile
File1a
File1b
File2
File2a

ή७࢐࿲Ңԅϯ‫ޟ‬Ι‫ٲ‬அᙃ‫ٺ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
cyj@riemann:~$ ls
1.mp3 12.mp3 14.mp3 16.mp3 3.mp3 5.mp3 7.mp3 9.mp3 index.txt
11.mp3 13.mp3 15.mp3 2.mp3 4.mp3 6.mp3 8.mp3 Readme.txt install.txt
(‫ؾ‬ᙕՀ‫אڶ‬Հຍࠄᚾூ)
cyj@riemann:~$ ls *.mp3
1.mp3 12.mp3 14.mp3 16.mp3 3.mp3 5.mp3 7.mp3 9.mp3
11.mp3 13.mp3 15.mp3 2.mp3 4.mp3 6.mp3 8.mp3
(ലᚾ‫ټ‬੡ mp3ऱᚾூ٤ຝ٨‫ࠐנق‬ )

cyj@riemann:~$ ls ?.mp3
1.mp3 2.mp3 3.mp3 4.mp3 5.mp3 6.mp3 7.mp3 8.mp3 9.mp3
(ലψᚾ‫ڶ׽ټ‬ԫଡ‫ڗ‬ցωऱ mp3 ᚾூ٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls *.txt
Readme.txt index.txt install.txt
(ലᚾ‫ټ‬੡ txt ऱᚾூ٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls i*.txt
index.txt install.txt
4-46 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

( ലࢬ‫ڶ‬ψ i ၲᙰऱ txt ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬

cyj@riemann:~$ ls 1?.mp3
11.mp3 12.mp3 13.mp3 14.mp3 15.mp3 16.mp3
( ലࢬ‫ڶ‬ψԼ‫ۯ‬ᑇऱ mp3 ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls 1*.mp3
1.mp3 11.mp3 12.mp3 13.mp3 14.mp3 15.mp3 16.mp3
( ലࢬ‫ڶ‬ψ 1 ၲᙰऱ mp3 ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls ??????.txt
Readme.txt
( ലᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠψ٥‫ڶ‬քଡ‫ۯ‬ցऱ txt ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls ?????.txt
index.txt
( ലᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠψ٥‫ڶ‬նଡ‫ۯ‬ցऱ txt ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫)ࠐנق‬
cyj@riemann:~$ ls ????.txt
ls: ????.txt: No such file or directory
( ലᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠψ٥‫ڶ‬؄ଡ‫ۯ‬ցऱ ᚾூω٤ຝ٨‫ࠐנق‬ΔরΜ଺ࠐ‫ؾڼ‬ᙕՀ޲‫ڶ‬ᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ੡؄ଡ‫ۯ‬ցऱ
txt
txt ᚾூΔࢬ‫ބ א‬լࠩٚ۶ऱ࿨࣠Ζ
ls )

4.6.2 ғೣߒҰԒ
ȶғೣߒҰԒȷӵ Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂ‫׸‬ᅋ๿࡞१ौ‫ُޟ‬ՓȊ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬ᇄ
ϱৠϐငџо౏Σ‫ڗ‬Ιҏਪ‫ޟ‬ৠ໔ΟȂϚႆӵ೻၇Ȃࠧঈ኷ਢϚࣼ٥‫ٲ‬Њႆ౏Σ
‫ޟ‬ಠ࿽Ȃ೻᜞ѫᙏ൐ϭಝஅᙃ‫ٺޟ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȃ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ൷Ԥ࡟Ө՝ՌϏं‫ـ‬ᇄᄥ
ષ᠅Ȋоή࢐அᙃலҢ‫ޟ‬ғೣߒҰԒᇄࣺᜰᇳ݂Ȉ
ಒဴ ᇳ݂ ᖞ‫ٽ‬
^ ֖ߞ༟ᔝ ^The Ȉྩඵ༟ᔝऎ The ߞаਟ
$ ֖ߞຕ‫؍‬ End$Ȉྩඵຕ‫؍‬ऎ End ߞаਟ
[abc] ೑Ԫ༰ԪКߞՄ [abc]Ȉᕫ੯КҪঋգ "a"ȃ"b"ȃ"c" ԇ
ϘՄ‫׈‬೑Ԫྩඵ
 4.7 vi ጡᒮᏢ 4-47

ಒဴ ᇳ݂ ᖞ‫ٽ‬
ȃ
[a-z] [A-Z] ೑Ԫ༰ԪፑඛКߞՄ [a-z] Ȉ೑Ԫ "a" ۖ "z" ‫ݙ‬գՄЮ
[A-Z]Ȉ೑Ԫ "A" ۖ "Z" ‫ݙ‬գՄЮ
[0-9]Ȉ೑Ԫ "0" ۖ "9" ‫ݙ‬գՄЮ
. ԇ֣ඏϘՄЮ file.Ȉ೑Ԫ file1ȃfile2Ȃ֭Й೑Ԫ file10
+ Ϙৎ‫ݕ‬ԺৎՄЮ [0-9]+Ȉ
೑Ԫ‫ݙ‬գዴՄՄЮȂࠑӯᕫ੯КҪঋ
գዴՄ‫׈‬೑Ԫྩඵ
* ৎ‫ݕ‬ԺৎࠑӯՑ0 file.*Ȉ೑Ԫ fileȃfile2ȃfile10
? 0 ৎ‫ݕ‬ϘৎࠑӯՑ file1?2Ȉ೑Ԫ file2ȃfile12
| ೑Ԫࡈব‫ࢢ߰ݕ‬ব file|FileȈ೑Ԫ file ϵ೑Ԫ File
ᆣӫ‫ٺ‬Ң (о٘Ӌᜌԅဴ࣏‫)ٽ‬
[A-Z][12][0-9]{8} P 1 33998337 (‫ڗߞݑٷ‬ԊᝋՄၳ)
R 2 12334567 (Ѓ‫ڗߞݑ‬ԊᝋՄၳ)

ߑᏰ‫ޱ‬ᄇܻȶғೣߒҰԒȷᇄȶ࿲Ңԅϯȷ೻‫ޱڍ‬லலོཤ౅ȂӰԪғጂ‫ޟ‬ᚄ
఼ᢎ‫࡞࢐܈‬१ौ‫ޟ‬ോȊᜰܻȶғೣߒҰԒȷ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬ϭಝȂ๋‫ޱ‬ឈுӵȮനর‫ؽޟ‬
‫ܘ‬ຊȯϛȂ೻ഋӋϐငቸுࣺ࿋‫ׇ‬ᐌ᠅Ȋܻ࢐‫ר‬൷ϚӔ१ཱིእቸ೻ഋӋ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬ϭ
ಝ୨Ȋ
ѪѴ঄ு஼፡‫࢐ޟ‬Ȉ࡚ដӨ՝џоၭ๿ᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ‫ޢ‬௥ଢ଼ЙጛಬȂ೻๘ᄇԤօ
ܻձ‫؁‬ёዣொғೣߒҰԒমȊ
ȶനর‫ܘؽޟ‬ຊ-ғೣߒҰ‫ݲ‬ȷ
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex.php

4.7 vi ሡᎮዢ
vi ࢐Ιএᐣδᔔཱི‫ޟ‬ጡᒮᏢȂζ࢐Ҭࠉӵ Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛΰೝኄ‫ٺݿ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ιৈጡ
ᒮᏢȂඁнσഋӋ‫ ޟ‬Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛΰȂӨ՝഍џоࣼ‫ ڗ‬vi ጡᒮᏢ‫ޟ‬ԆӵȂӰԪ
Ᏸԁ vi ጡᒮᏢ࢐ΙӇ࡞१ौ‫ٱޟ‬Ȋ࿋ณ୨Ȋӵ Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛϛȂጡᒮᏢ‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐
ѫԤ vi ΙৈՄϐȂᇄ vi ࣺϣ‫ת‬ᒋ‫ޟ‬ѪΙৈ஼σጡᒮᏢѩୈ emacsȂᗶณӵ೻၇
4-48 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ϭಝӨ՝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬vi ጡᒮᏢȂϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬ᇯ࣏ȂӻᏰΙৈጡᒮᏢ࢐Ԥցฒ৛‫ޟ‬ȂӰ

࣏ձᖂϚ૖߳ᜌؐѮᐠᏢΰ഍ΙۡौԤ vi ֑Ȋ:-P

4.7.1 vi ዁Ԓϭಝ
அҏΰ vi ӓϷ࣏έᆍ዁ԒȂϷտ࢐ȶΙૡ዁Ԓȷȃ ȶጡᒮ዁ԒȷᇄȶࡾхӖ
‫ڼ‬х዁ԒȷέᆍȊ

ყ 4.12 vi έᆍ዁Ԓ

࣏Οᡱσড়џо‫఻؁‬ᡗܾᔗ‫݂ޟ‬ᕣȂᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳȶጡᒮ዁Ԓȷ൷࢐Ө՝ӵȶkey in
(҈ԅᒯΣၥਟ)ȷ‫ޟ‬዁ԒȂՄȶΙૡ዁Ԓȷ൷࢐Ң‫پ‬հ‫ٲ‬ȶፒᇧȃ୘ήȃຮΰ..ȷ
ࣥՍ࢐ȶಋଢ଼෬኿ȃၽٖȷ‫ޟ‬዁ԒȂശࡣ‫ޟ‬ȶࡾхӖ዁Ԓȷ‫ڏ‬ᄂ൷࢐Ң‫پ‬ȶԆᔬȃ
ѪԆཱིᔬ..ȷࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬዁ԒȄ࿋Ө՝໌Σ‫ ڗ‬Vi ห७ϞࡣȂџо‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ڗ‬ห७‫ޟ‬ശήПȂ
ԤΙএȶ‫ޑ‬ᄘӖȷȂԪ‫ޑ‬ᄘӖ‫ޟ‬ѡПȂོ։ਢᡗҰ෬኿Ҭࠉ‫ܚ‬ӵ՝ညӵȶඁ՗ඁ
ӖȷоЅҬࠉ෬኿՝ည‫ܚ‬ӵᔬਰϱৠ‫ޟ‬ȶԻϷШȷ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ
4.7.2 vi அҏࡾхᐇհ
ԤΟஅҏ‫ޟ‬዁Ԓ྅‫ࡣ܈‬Ȃ௥๿๋‫ޱ‬஠ Vi லҢ‫ࡾޟ‬хᐌ౩ԙߒਿ๝Ө՝୤ՃȂ
୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝Й᜞তԁԤ Linux / Unix-like ᐠᏢȂϚֹΙ᜞ࣼਪȂΙ᜞ၭ๿ᄂሬጛಬ
ࣼࣼȂӰ࣏ӵ೻Ιണ࿽၇Ȃҥܻ Vi ҏ٘࢐ጡᒮᏢ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃܻ࢐ШၶᜲоҢȶМ
ԅጒ‫ٽ‬ȷ‫پ‬Ұጒᇳ݂Ȃ‫ܚ‬оȶጒ‫ٽ‬Ұጒȷ൷੼๝Ө՝ᒑՌᐇΦ᠅Ȋоή࢐லҢ‫ޟ‬
Vi ࡾхᐌ౩ӖߒȈ
 4.7 vi ጡᒮᏢ 4-49

ყ 4.13 vi ࡾ኿ಋଢ଼
ጡᒮ (ඨΣ) ዁Ԓ
[i] ంȶӫࡈ֜၉ȷ༟‫ܕ‬፠ᓭ
[I] ంȶ֖঵ȷ༟‫ܕ‬፠ᓭ
[a] ంȶϭৎՄЮȷ༟‫ܕ‬፠ᓭ
[A] ంȶ֖‫؍‬ȷ༟‫ܕ‬፠ᓭ
[o] ಯӠȶϭϘ֖ȷߩӨ֖
[O] Դȶหዾ֜၉ȷ࢙ӲߩӨ֖
[ESC] з෱԰ ȶϘଠጀՑȷ
Ιૡ዁Ԓ
[0] ۖȶ֖঵ȷ
[ 1G ] ۖȶᕫᔝȷ
[$] ۖȶ֖‫؍‬ȷ
[G] ۖȶᕫ‫؍‬ȷ
[w] ႯۖȶϭϘৎՄȷ
[x] ׁ୵ȶӫࡈหዾՄЮȷ
[X] ׁ୵ȶหዾࡈϘৎՄЮȷ
[ NUM ] + [ ] ̈ ݀ϭȶNUMȷ֖
[ NUM ] + [—] ݀ϯȶNUMȷ֖
Ȉ
[ ] + [ NUM ] ႯۖȶNUMȷ֖
[v] ᓴۤፑඛ
[ Ctrl ] + [ v ] ȶ஡ུȷᓴۤፑඛ
[y] ᎑ሦ
[y][y] ᎑ሦϘᑋ֖
4-50 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

[d] ׁ୵
[d][d] ׁ୵Ϙᑋ֖
[d][0] ׁ୵֌ȶ֖঵ȷ
[d][$] ׁ୵֌ȶ֖‫؍‬ȷ
[ d ] [ 1G ] ׁ୵֌ȶᕫᔝȷ
[d][G] ׁ୵֌ȶᕫ‫؍‬ȷ
[ NUM ] + [ … ] + [ … ] ‫ڼ‬ՂȈ [3] + [d] + [d] ׁ୵Ϭ֖
[ … ] + [ NUM ] + [ … ] ‫ڼ‬ՂȈ [d] + [3] + [w] ׁ୵ϬৎՄ
[x] ஗ϭ / ׁ୵
[p] ໭ϯ
[u] ௟Մӓȶ෱՘Ј኷ȷ
[U] ௟Մӓȶ෱՘Ђ኷ȷ
[~] ௟ՄӓȶЂЈ኷Т෱ȷ
[r] ۤ҃ȶϘৎȷՄЮ
[R] ȶാ᠈ȷۤ҃
[u] ȶ෇১ȷϯϘৎஜ֯
[ Ctrl ] + [ r ] ȶۤઐ෇১ȷȞদ֯ߞྍࢥȟ
Ϸॲጡᒮ
[ Ctrl ] + [ w ] + [ n ] ࢙Ӳྲж঱
[ Ctrl ] + [ w ] + [ϯ(Х)] з෱ۖȶϯўж঱ȷ
[ Ctrl ] + [ w ] + [ϭ(Ц)] з෱ۖȶϭўж঱ȷ
[ Ctrl ] + [ w ] + [ q ] ᝯൕ‫ݙ‬Դж঱
ࡾхӖ዁Ԓ
[:][e] ፠ᓭྲᕫ
[:][w] ᔼՅᕫ੯
[:][w][q] ᔼՅᕫ੯ࢢᛓ༟ȞϵҞѽ‫ڹ‬ӡȶ:xȷ‫ݕ‬ȶZZȷȟ
[ : ] [ w ] [ q ] [Ȋ] ȶ௻ۘȷᔼՅᕫ੯ࢢᛓ༟ȞҐϯȊࠑӯȶ௻ۘȷНྍȟ
[:][q] ЙᔼՅᛓ༟
 4.8 ழဴᆓ౩ 4-51

Ȋ
[:][q][ ] ȶ௻ۘȷЙᔼՅᛓ༟
ཪ൶ᇄ‫ڥ‬ф
[/] ԨϭྩඵȞN/n ȂN з෱֌ϯϘৎȂn з෱֌ϭϘৎȟ
[?] ԨϯྩඵȞN/n ȂN з෱֌ϯϘৎȂn з෱֌ϭϘৎȟ
: s/[old]/[new]/g ‫ڼ‬ՂȈ s/Denny/Yenjin/g Ȃࠑӯ௟‫ݙ‬գߞ Denny ฆ෱
ऎ YenjinȄ
:1,30s/[old]/[new]/g ࠑӯ௟ȶ೐Ϙ֖ȷ֌ȶ೐Ϭ֖̈ȷߞ [old] ฆ෱՘ [new]
:1,$s/[old]/[new]/g ࠑӯ௟ᑋৎᕫ੯Кߞ [old] ฆ෱՘ [new]
:1,$s/^/ /g ௟‫ݙ‬գᕫ੯ߞ֖༟ᔝൌ݀ࢢ੗ஜұৎߩӨȞӡ‫ݺ‬వߍ
ӡȟ
[ Ctrl ] + A ֋ஜ௟ዴՄೢҐ
оΰ഍࢐அᙃலҢ‫ޟ‬ጡᒮП‫ݲ‬Ȃஅҏΰዣொ೻‫ٲ‬Ң‫ࡣݲ‬Ȃᔖ၎൷‫ؠ‬Ԥϧቄσ୰
ᚠ୨Ȋ :-D

4.8 ઴༴႓୩
4.8.1 धශ‫ޣ‬ᜋ
ӵ Unix-like/ Linux ‫ف‬ಛ࿋ϛȂശ१ौ‫ޟ‬։࢐᏿ԤȶӻΡӻώȷ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬Ȃζ൷࢐
ᇳȂ‫ف‬ಛӵ໠ᐠϞࡣȂџӣਢᡱ೨ӻΡӵΰ७հՌϏ‫ޟ‬ώհȄ୅‫ٺ‬Ө՝Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ңႆ
Linux ‫ࣺܖ‬ᜰ Unix-like ‫ޟ‬ငᡛȂᔖ၎ོᐎுΙѮџо login ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢȂѺӣਢ໢࢐
џо໠ܹߨலӻΡ‫ٺپ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ᇳؐএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬഍џоӣਢ໢ӵ೻ѮᐠᏢΰୈ
ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ώհȄՄؐ՝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ӵ login ೻ѮᐠᏢਢȂ࢐Ϛ࢐ौᒯΣழဴᇄ஝ጆ‫ڹ‬ȉ
֏ࠌਲ਼ҏ‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ิݲ‬Σ‫ޟ‬Ȃ඲ѯၗᇳȂ೻ѮᐠᏢϐင࡚ҳΟؐ՝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬ழဴȂܻ
࢐‫ܚ‬ԤΡ൷џо‫ٺ‬ҢՌϏ‫ޟ‬ழဴၭ஝ጆ login ໌‫ٺپ‬Ң᠅Ȋငႆ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬ᇳ
݂Ȃࣺ߬Ө՝ᔖ၎ШၶΟ၌‫ܚ‬ᒝȶழဴȷ‫ޟ‬೻এ྅‫܈‬ΟȂ௥๿ή‫پ‬Ȃ൷ौளӨ՝
‫پ‬ᇯᜋȶழဴᆓ౩ȷ‫ޟ‬Ι‫ࣺٲ‬ᜰࡾх‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ٮ‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬Ұጒ֙ວσড়Ȃԃդӵ‫ف‬ಛϛ
࡚ҳ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ழဴমȊ
4-52 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

4.8.2 அҏࡾхᐇհ
ӵ೻၇ོ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ࡾޟڗ‬хȂ๋‫װޱ‬Ѻঈᐌ౩ӖߒԃήȈ
࡚ҳழဴ
useradd ࢙Ӳ௳ၳ (јஜ)
adduser ࢙Ӳ௳ၳ (֋ஜм)
‫׽؁‬஝ጆ
passwd ‫ؼـ‬௜ፅ
ւଶழဴ
userdel ׁ୵௳ၳ
ࣺᜰ೩ۡᔬ
/etc/passwd ௳ၳहᝯႤୈ
/etc/shadow ௳ၳ௜ፅहᝯႤୈ
ή७ᙏ൐ᖞ‫ٽ‬೻‫ٲ‬ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢПԒȈ
֫೯৬‫م‬െᇆ (useradd)

# useradd [ ೶ᑇ] [െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ]

# useradd -m yenjinc

அҏலҢ୤ኵ
-m
The user's home directory will be created if it does not exist.
-p passwd
The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3). The default is
to disable the account.
-s shell
The name of the user's login shell.

(ࠡ‫ڍޓה‬ऱ೶ᑇΔ‫אױۯٺ‬೶ᅃ manpage ୀΜ‫׼‬؆Δ‫ڶ‬ᣂെᇆጥ෻ऱࢬ‫ڶ‬ਐ‫ח‬Δຟ‫ؘ‬ႊᖑ‫ڶ‬ψ၌్ࠌ‫ش‬

ृω root ऱᦞૻթ۩ໝΜ)
debian:~# useradd -m -p "yenjinc.info" yenjinc
 4.8 ழဴᆓ౩ 4-53

(৬‫م‬ԫ‫ۯ‬ψyenjincωࠌ‫ृش‬Δࠌ‫ش‬ψ-mω೶ᑇ।‫ق‬૞৬‫م‬ψ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕωΔ‫׼‬؆ࠌ‫ش‬ψ-pω೶ᑇ๻ࡳࠡയ
ᒘ੡ψyenjinc.infoω)
debian:~# ls -l /home | grep yenjinc
drwxr-xr-x 2 yenjinc users 4096 Jul 25 14:04 yenjinc
( ᛀ਷ԫՀΔyenjinc ࠌ‫ृش‬բᆖ๯ᄅᏺᦗΜ)
debian:~# useradd -m -p "123" -s "/bin/sh" cyjtest
(৬‫م‬ԫ‫ۯ‬ψ ωࠌ‫ृش‬Δࠌ‫ش‬ψ ω೶ᑇ।‫ق‬૞৬‫م‬ψ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕωΔ‫׼‬؆ࠌ‫ش‬ψ-pω೶ᑇ๻ࡳࠡയ
cyjtest -m
ᒘ੡ψ ωΔࠌ‫ش‬ψ ω೶ᑇ๻ࡳ࿆ࠡԵऱ
123 -s ੡ψ ω Shell /bin/sh )

debian:~# ls -l /home/|grep cyj

drwxr-xr-x 3 cyjtest users 4096 Oct 18 21:38 cyjtest
debian:~# cat /etc/passwd|grep cyjtest
cyjtest:x:1036:100::/home/cyjtest:/bin/sh
( ᧭ᢞԫՀΔբᆖ‫פګ‬৬‫م‬ψ cyjtest ωࠌ‫ृش‬ΔՈႉ‫ܓ‬৬‫م‬ψ୮‫ؾ‬ᙕω‫ޏޓ֗א‬ψ ω
login Shell )

Ռଢ଼Ͻ࡚ҳழဴ (adduser)
# adduser [ െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ]
# adduser yenjinc

ᇄ useradd ШၶϚӣ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃadduser ོՌଢ଼Ͻᔓձ࡚ҳழဴࣺᜰၥଉȄ

debian:~# adduser yenjinc
( ࠌ‫ش‬ψ
adduser ω۞೯֏৬‫ृشࠌم‬ψyenjincω)
Adding user `yenjinc'...
Adding new group `yenjinc' (1005).
Adding new user `yenjinc' (1005) with group `yenjinc'.
Creating home directory `/home/yenjinc'.
Copying files from `/etc/skel'
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for yenjinc
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name []:
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
4-54 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

Home Phone []:

Other []:
Is the information correct? [y/N] y
(৬‫ᦗګݙم‬Μ )

‫ޏޓ‬യᒘ (passwd)

# passwd [ െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ]
# passwd yenjinc

debian:~# passwd yenjinc

Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
(യᒘ‫פګޏޓ‬ )

‫ܔ‬ೈെᇆ (userdel)

# userdel [ ೶ᑇ] [െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ]

# userdel -r yenjinc

அҏலҢ୤ኵ
-r Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with
the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files
located in other file systems will have to be searched for and
deleted manually.

debian:~# userdel -r yenjinc

(‫ܔ‬ೈψ yenjinc ωࠌ‫ृش‬Δ‫ף࣍ط‬Ղψ-rω೶ᑇΔ‫ृشࠌڼڂ‬ψࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱઌᣂᇷறωՈຟԫࠓ‫ܔ‬ೈΜ)
оΰѫ࢐ߨலಗ఻‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬ՄϐȂȶழဴᆓ౩ដᚠȷ๘ᄇ‫ؠ‬Ԥ჋ΰ७҈҈ࡾ
хሆሆᚬᚬ൷၌‫ؚ‬ΟȂ‫ڏ‬ϛᗙ౞ਖ਼ߨலӻ‫فޟ‬ಛᔬਰϱৠᇄ‫ڏ‬тώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢȊϚ
ႆ‫ڹ‬ȊоߑᏰ‫پ‬ᖿȂࠧঈ኷ਢᗙϚሯौΟ၌‫ޟ‬ႆܻ౏ΣȂߑ෈‫ޟ‬ၗȂσ྅ᐎுώ
‫ڎ‬၎ԃդ‫ٺ‬Ң೻ኺ൷՗᠅Ȋ
 4.9 ՗แᆓ౩ 4-55

4.9 їു႓୩
ΰΙ࿽๋‫ޱ‬ӵϭಝȶழဴᆓ౩ȷਢঐȂԤᙏ൐ඪ‫ ڗ‬Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛӻΡӻώ‫ޟ‬
੫‫ܒ‬Ȃӵ‫ف‬ಛၼ՗ਢȂଶΟџо᏿Ԥ࡞ӻΡӣਢิΣ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬оѴȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ف‬ಛ
ϛ࢐Ԥ࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬ȶώհแ‫ו‬ȷȞProcessȟӣΙਢ໢ғӵҥȶ೨ӻϚӣȷ‫ޟ‬Ρғӵ
ஈ՗࿋ϛ‫ڹ‬ȊࠧঈѫौആႆΙ‫ٲ‬ȶώ‫ࡾڎ‬хȷ൷џо‫ࣼࢥپ‬Ҭࠉ‫ف‬ಛϛȂԤ঺‫ٲ‬
ғӵၼհ‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬ȞProcessȟȂоЅࢥࣼ࢐঺‫ٲ‬Ρғӵ‫ٺ‬ҢѺঈ঻ȊࣥՍᗙџо
Йଢ଼‫پ‬ȶւଶȷ೻‫ٲ‬แ‫ڹו‬Ȋ௥ή‫پ‬Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬஠ौளӨ՝‫پ‬ᇯᜋ೻‫ٲ‬அᙃ‫ޟ‬՗แᆓ
౩ώ‫ٺڎ‬ҢПԒȄ
4.9.1 ࠉශᇄधශώհ
࿋ؐ՝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޱ‬login ‫ف‬ಛϞࡣȂ‫ܚ‬ஈ՗‫ޟ‬ӈդΙ໶ώհ഍џຜ࣏Ιএȶแ‫ו‬ȷ
ȞProcessȟȂᙤҥȶCommand LineȷȞМԅತᆒᐠ዁ԒȟӨ՝џоҳ։‫ޟ‬ή
ႀࡾхᡱ‫ف‬ಛўஈ՗ѺȂՄ҆໸Ι‫ڗޢ‬೻໶แ‫ו‬ȶᄂ՗‫ׇ‬౳ȷࡣȂϗ૖ӔήႀѪ
ѴΙএࡾх๝ತᆒᐠȂ֏ࠌห७൷ོΙ‫ޢ‬ȶୄȷӵ٥᜞Ȃ೻ਢঐ‫ר‬ঈϧቄ‫ٱ‬ζϚ
૖ୈȂѫ૖้‫ڗ‬Ѻເ‫ׇ‬Ȃϗ૖໌՗ήΙএଢ଼հȄ
ឋԃȂ๋‫ޱ‬ғӵತᆒᐠή҈ѓΙএσၥਟਢȈ
debian:~# tar -czvf usr.tgz /usr/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

೻এਢঐห७ོᐌএȶୄȷӵ٥᜞Ȃ‫ר‬ঈѫ૖้Ѻເ‫ׇ‬Ȃ֏ࠌϧቄ‫ٱ‬௑ζϚ૖
ୈȊܻ࢐ӵ Linux / Unix-like ‫ف‬ಛ‫ۻ‬ήȂӨ՝൷џоցҢΙ‫ٲ‬ȶώհᆓ౩ȷࡾх
‫پ‬၌‫ؚ‬೻᜸‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ᠅Ȋ
๋‫װޱ‬೻၇ོ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ٺޟڗ‬хȂӖᐌԃήߒȈ
኷ୄҬࠉ‫ޟ‬ώհแ‫ו‬
[ Ctrl ] + z ࢷϭНࢢྻ‫د‬ӫࡈߞЍ֯຀ؔȶዶஃȷ
ϸ඲‫ڗ‬धශஈ՗
bg ௟ӫࡈЍ֯຀ؔӴۖȶ०฀ȷே֖
& ሃȶbgȷ࣏Ϙዹߞ (֭‫ڹ‬ӡўՑЙԢ)
4-56 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

ϸ඲‫ࠉڗ‬ශஈ՗
fg ௟ȶ०฀Ѝ֯ȷӴ԰ȶࡈ฀ȷே֖
ࢥࣼधශώհแ‫ޑו‬ᄘ
jobs ȶࣤऻȷ०฀Ѝ֯຀ؔȶႻ֖ߐᅗȷ
ւଶधශώհแ‫ו‬
kill % n ȶׁ୵ȷԴ०฀ே֖ߞЍ֯຀ؔ ( ȶnȷ࣏Ѝ֯ߞ፠ၳ)
Ө՝џо௃ή७೻஻ᙏყΟ၌Ιήȶࠉශȷᇄȶधශȷώհ‫ࣺޟ‬ϣᜰ߽Ȉ

ყ 4.14 ࠉශᇄधශ໢‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽

ή७ᙏ൐ᖞ‫ٽ‬Ұጒ೻‫ٲ‬ώ‫ٺޟڎ‬ҢȈ
debian:~# tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/
(ਊՀ [ctrl] + z Δല‫ؾ‬ছՠ‫܂‬ψᑉೖω)
[1]+ Stopped tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/

debian:~# tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/

(ਊՀ [ctrl] + z Δ‫ނ‬รԲଡച۩ऱՠ‫܂‬ψᑉೖω)
[2]+ Stopped tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/

debian:~# jobs
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ jobs ωਐ‫ח‬Δ਷઎‫ؾ‬ছહནՠ‫܂‬ऱ࿓‫ݧ‬णኪΔ‫אױ‬઎ࠩ‫ࠟڶ‬ଡՠ‫܂‬๯ψᑉೖωԱ)
[1]- Stopped tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/
[2]+ Stopped tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/

debian:~# bg 1
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ ωਐ‫ח‬Δലψՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ ݧ‬1 ω‫ࠩه‬હནച۩)
bg
[1]- tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/ &
 4.9 ՗แᆓ౩ 4-57

debian:~# tar -czf usr3.tgz /usr/ &

(৬‫م‬รԿଡՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ݧ‬Δࠀࠌ‫ش‬ψ&ωฤᇆΔല،ऴ൷‫ࠩه‬હནച۩)
[3] 6042

debian:~# jobs
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ ωਐ‫ח‬Δ਷઎‫ؾ‬ছહནՠ‫܂‬ऱ࿓‫ݧ‬णኪΔ‫אױ‬઎ࠩรԫଡፖรԿଡՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ڇإݧ‬ψRunningωΔ
jobs
ۖรԲଡՠ‫ྥࠉ܂‬๯ψᑉೖω۰)
[1] Running tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/ &
[2]+ Stopped tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/
[3]- Running tar -czf usr3.tgz /usr/ &

debian:~# kill %3
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ kill ωਐ‫ח‬Δψ‫ܔ‬ೈωรԿଡહནՠ‫܂‬࿓‫)ݧ‬
debian:~# jobs
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ jobs ωਐ‫ח‬Δ‫ڇ‬਷઎ԫ‫ؾڻ‬ছહནՠ‫܂‬ऱ࿓‫ݧ‬णኪΔ‫אױ‬઎ࠩψՠ‫ ܂‬3ωբᆖψึַωԱ)
[1] Running tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/ &
[2]+ Stopped tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/
[3]- Terminated tar -czf usr3.tgz /usr/

debian:~# kill %1
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ kill ωਐ‫ח‬Δψ‫ܔ‬ೈωรԫଡહནՠ‫܂‬࿓‫)ݧ‬
debian:~# jobs
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ jobs ωਐ‫ח‬Δ‫ڇ‬਷઎ԫ‫ؾڻ‬ছહནՠ‫܂‬ऱ࿓‫ݧ‬णኪΔ‫אױ‬઎ࠩψՠ‫ ܂‬1ωՈ๯ψึַωԱ)
[1]- Terminated tar -czf usr.tgz /usr/
[2]+ Stopped tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/

debian:~# fg 2
(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ ωਐ‫ח‬Δലψՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ ݧ‬2 ω‫ڃه‬ছནച۩)
fg
tar -czf usr2.tgz /usr/

4.9.2 அҏࡾхᐇհ
ΰΙ࿽࢐ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬ȶώհᆓ౩ȷ‫ٺޟ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬ौϭಝӨ՝‫ޟ‬൷࢐Шၶ
౏ΣΙᘈ‫ޟ‬ȶแ‫ו‬ᆓ౩ȷ୨Ȋแ‫ו‬ᆓ౩‫ޟ‬ϱৠ൷ོШၶӻോȊϚႆߑ؏‫پ‬ᖿȂӨ
4-58 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

՝ӑԤএஅҏ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬൷՗᠅Ȋ‫ܚ‬оή७๋‫ޱ‬஠ौߑ఻‫ޟ‬ϭಝΙ‫ٲ‬அҏȶแ‫ו‬ᆓ
౩ȷࡾх‫ٺޟ‬ҢПԒȄ
೻၇ོҢ‫ࡾޟڗ‬хȂ๋‫ޱ‬஠ѺঈӖᐌԃήȈ
ࢥࣼ‫ف‬ಛแ‫ו‬
ps ࣤऻ‫ڀ‬೚຀ؔ
pstree ࣤऻ‫ڀ‬೚຀ؔ (ѽȶᑘߐᄦȷᢖӯ)
‫ف‬ಛၥྛᢎᄆ
top ȶ‫׈‬੡‫ݑ‬ȷߞࣤऻ‫ڀ‬೚Ⴄ࿚ߐᅗ
ւଶधශώհแ‫ו‬
kill PID ׁ୵‫ڀ‬೚຀ؔ (PID ࣏຀ؔߞ፠ၳ)
killall ׁ୵ѽࣙ຀ؔऎԩߞ‫ݙ‬գहᝯ຀ؔ
‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬Ι‫ٲ‬அҏ‫ޟ‬ᐇհጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
‫ٺ‬Ңȶpsȷώ‫ڎ‬ȂӖю‫ف‬ಛȶ‫ܚ‬Ԥғӵஈ՗ȷ‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬
ps ൄ‫ش‬೶ᑇ
-a Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
(᧩‫ॵڶࢬق‬᥆࣍ψึጤᖲωऱ۩࿓ )

-u Display information associated with the following keywords: user, pid,

%cpu, %mem, vsz, rss, tt, state, start, time and command.
(‫א‬ψࠌ‫ृش‬௑‫ڤ‬ωፖࠡ‫ה‬ઌᣂ९௑‫ق᧩ڤ‬ )

-x Display information about processes without controlling terminals.

(᧩‫ڶࢬق‬ψլਢ‫ึط‬ጤᖲωࢬ൳ࠫऱ۩࿓ )

debian:~# ps -ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? S 0:03 init [2]
2 ? S 0:00 [keventd]
3 ? SN 0:00 [ksoftirqd_CPU0]
5 ? S 0:00 [bdflush]
.......................... ฃ .......................
 4.9 ՗แᆓ౩ 4-59

‫ٺ‬Ңȶpsȷёΰȶ-uȷ୤ኵȂӖюѓ֤ȶ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ӫᆎȷᇄȶ‫ׇ؁‬ᐌၥ
ଉȷ‫ܚޟ‬Ԥғӵஈ՗‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬
debian:~# ps -aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.2 1496 508 ? S Jul21 0:03 init [2]
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul21 0:00 [keventd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Jul21 0:00 [ksoftirqd_CPU0]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul21 0:00 [kswapd]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul21 0:00 [bdflush]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul21 0:00 [kupdated]
root 99 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul21 0:04 [kjournald]
root 1261 0.0 0.2 1544 620 ? Ss Jul21 0:02 /sbin/syslogd
root 1264 0.0 0.5 2176 1248 ? Ss Jul21 0:00 /sbin/klogd
ฃ
.......................... ................................

‫ٺ‬Ңȶpstreeȷώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ஠‫ف‬ಛғӵஈ՗‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬оȶᐙ‫ޑ‬ყȷ‫پ‬ᡗҰ
debian:~# pstree
init ѧѣѧ
atd
ѥѧbdflush
ѥѧcron
ѥѧexim4
ѥѧ6*[getty]
ѥѧinetd
ѥѧkeventd
ѥѧkhubd
ѥѧkjournald
ѥѧklogd
ѥѧksoftirqd_CPU0
ѥѧkswapd
ѥѧkupdated
ѥѧlpd
ѥѧportmap
ѥѧrpc.statd
ѥѧsshdѧѧѧsshdѧѣѧsshd
Ѩ Ѭѧsshdѧѧѧbashѧѧѧbashѧѧѧpstree
Ѭѧsyslogd
4-60 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ

‫ٺ‬Ңȶtopȷώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ։ਢ‫فࣼࢥޟܒ‬ಛၥྛ‫ޑ‬ᄘ
debian:~# top
top - 14:50:21 up 5 days, 3:09, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 30 total, 1 running, 29 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0% user, 0.0% system, 0.0% nice, 100.0% idle
Mem: 248980k total, 214164k used, 34816k free, 16200k buffers
Swap: 738948k total, 0k used, 738948k free, 161784k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

1 root 8 0 508 508 448 S 0.0 0.2 0:03.90 init
2 root 9 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 keventd
3 root 19 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd_CPU0
4 root 9 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 kswapd
ฃ
..................... ..............................

ւଶ‫ف‬ಛஈ՗ϛ‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬
debian:~# tar -zcf usr1.tgz /usr/ &
[1] 6484
debian:~# tar -zcf usr2.tgz /usr/ &
[2] 6486
debian:~# tar -zcf usr3.tgz /usr/ &
[3] 6488
(ᜯழ৬‫م‬Կଡሎ‫܂‬࿓‫ݧ‬Δࠀല،ଚ٤ຝ‫ࠩه‬હནച۩)
debian:~# ps -uax | grep tar
(ലψ ps -aux ωऱ᧩‫ق‬࿨࣠Δຘመψ grep ωࠐመៀ‫ࠄ߷נ‬ᜯழ৬‫م‬ऱψtar ࿓‫ݧ‬ω)
root 6484 2.0 0.3 2232 860 pts/0 S 14:56 0:00 tar zcf usr1.tgz
/usr/
root 6486 1.5 0.3 2232 852 pts/0 S 14:56 0:00 tar zcf usr2.tgz
/usr/
root 6488 0.8 0.3 2232 852 pts/0 S 14:56 0:00 tar zcf usr3.tgz
/usr/
(ൕຍᇙ‫אױ‬઎ࠩ‫ޢ‬ԫଡՠ‫۩܂‬࿓ຟ‫ڶ‬ԫิᑇ‫ ڗ‬IDΔጠ‫܂‬੡ψPIDωΖࠏ‫ڕ‬ΔຍԿଡ tar ࿓‫ݧ‬ऱ PID ։ܑ
ਢψ ωΕψ6486ωΕψ6488ω)
6484

debian:~# kill 6484

(ࠌ‫ش‬ψ kill ωਐ‫ח‬Δല PID ੡ψ6484ωऱՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ܔݧ‬ೈΜ)
debian:~# ps -uax | grep tar
 4.9 ՗แᆓ౩ 4-61

( ຘመψgrepωࠐመៀ‫נ‬ψtar ࿓‫ݧ‬ωΔ࿇෼଺٣ऱψ6484ωբᆖ‫ܔ‬ೈᦗΜ)
root 6486 1.5 0.3 2232 860 pts/0 S 14:56 0:00 tar zcf usr2.tgz
/usr/
root 6488 1.5 0.3 2232 860 pts/0 S 14:56 0:00 tar zcf usr3.tgz
/usr/
[1] Terminated tar zcf usr1.tgz /usr/
( ‫࣍ط‬
6484 ࿓‫ݧ‬ਢ‫ڇ‬હནച۩ऱΔࢬ‫ܔא‬ೈհ৵Δছན྽૿ᄎ᧩‫ق‬ψՠ‫ ܂‬1 ึַωऱ༼‫)ق‬
debian:~# killall tar
( ൷ထࠌ‫ش‬ψkillall ωਐ‫ח‬Δലψࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱ tar ՠ‫܂‬࿓‫ݧ‬ω٤ຝ‫ܔ‬ೈΜ)
[2]- Terminated tar zcf usr2.tgz /usr/
[3]+ Terminated tar zcf usr3.tgz /usr/
debian:~# ps -uax | grep tar
ΰᛀ਷ԫՀΜᄎ࿇෼ࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱψtarω࿓‫ݧ‬բᆖຟլߠᦗΜۖ‫׊‬ছན྽૿Ո‫נ‬෼Աՠ‫ ܂‬2 Εՠ‫ ܂‬3 ψึַω
ऱ༼‫ق‬Μα
оΰ೻‫ٲ‬൷࢐ȶแ‫ו‬ᆓ౩ȷϛȂശஅᙃ‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬ϭಝȊ
4-62 ಑4ണ Ubuntu & Unix Like அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋ
 ࣈχ႓୩Ձ஛

ӵ GNU/Linux ত໠ۖี৤‫෈ߑޟ‬ȂԊ၆೺ᡝ഍ौՌϏ‫׺‬নۖጆȞ೽லо tarball

‫࠮ޟ‬ԒȟȂ၌ᔆᕻȂ೩ۡࡣငႆጡឍȂӔЙଢ଼Ԋ၆Ȅጡឍ‫ޟ‬ਢঐᗙौ‫ݧ‬ཎጡឍਢ
‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ৲‫ߒڷ‬ᓞᔬȂ‫ٮ‬иጡឍ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢࡞δȂ೻ζഅԙߑᏰ‫࡞ޱ‬σ‫֨ޟ‬
ᘙ‫ߞڷ‬ᘤȄ
ငႆ٥এਢф‫ޖܖ‬ႆ൸ΣԒ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ΡȂ഍ོᄇоήࡾх࡞ᛄ‫֑܈‬Ȋ
./configure
make
make install

᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎଄ுலོӵ configure ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂીΙஂ‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲‫ߒܖ‬ᓞᔬȂณࡣᗙौՌ

Ϗ‫װ‬ી‫ޟ‬ᄚᄚ၄ΰўȄ้‫ڗ‬Ӓഋ‫י‬ԁਢȂ഍ϐငႆΟ࡞δ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ȂૉਢૉΨȂЎ
‫ڏ‬ԤࡨҢ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ೻ኺઍ‫ޟ‬ЊϚϸᄂሬΟȄ

ԴභϢՑ‫ڀ‬೚КȂҞକЙ෩‫ڻ‬ਇԆᇒನ‫ڀ‬೚Ȃ‫߰ݕ‬Ҫ෩‫ڻ‬ґକ‫ۦ‬নߞ
ฆ҃ࡡȂԴ࢙ᅹ‫ڀ‬೚ߞჅ຀КȂቮঋւዋۖ‫ۑ‬Ց਱ह‫ݑڶ‬யᛟሃપ‫ܠ‬Ⴄ࿚‫ڹ‬
ӡߞቮِȂჅ຀ᗄᆲȄփ፠៌ഺ‫ڱ‬ഹᢜ഼௱ྻం tarball ՉႅȄЂൊԊ֋Ӥഹ
ᢜ៖ҍߞ১‫ܕ‬ፅྻӡ tar ӇҒ՘Ϙৎᕫ੯Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽЂਛ௱௱ྻ‫د‬ഹᢜ১‫ܕ‬ፅਇ
Ԇᇍऎ tarballȄ
5-2 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ζӰԪԤΟৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬౰ҡȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ RadHat ϴѧ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬RPM ᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȂ

‫ ޱܖ‬Debian ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬DEB ৈӇਿԒȄ೽ல೻ᆍৈӇᔬ࢐Π໌՝ਿԒȂζ൷࢐ϐ
ငጡឍԁ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о࢐ѫौԊ၆൷џоҢȄϚႆ೻ᆍৈӇᔬᗙ࢐Ԥ‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲ࣺ‫ޟܒٷ‬
୰ᚠौ‫ݧ‬ཎȂѺѫϚႆࣸ౱Οጡឍਢ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢‫ߒڷ‬ᓞᔬ‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬୰ᚠȄ࣏Ο၌
‫ؚ‬೻ኺ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂDebian άЕ໌Ο APT ‫ف‬ಛȂѺџоӵձԊ၆೺ᡝ A ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂՌ
ଢ଼ᔓձ‫ڏޟٷࣺװ‬тৈӇ၄ΰўȄ‫؁‬஼σ‫࢐ޟ‬ȂѺࣥՍ૖ᔓձՌଢ଼ጣΰЀ઻‫ཱི؁‬Ȅ
஼σ‫ ޟ‬Debian ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȂೝ Ubuntu ‫ܚ‬᝷‫ܛ‬ȂӰԪ‫ܚ‬Ԥ Debian ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᢎ
‫܈‬Ȃඁн഍џоӵ Ubuntu ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢমȊ
೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौσড়੫տ੼ཎ‫࢐ޟ‬ȂԞ෈࡞ӻ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux ‫ޟ‬ਪᝲఀσড়թ݈Ꮲ
ࣺᜰ೺ᡝശԁЙଢ଼௃ശཱི‫ ޟ‬tarball ጡឍȂоᗗջΙ‫ٲ‬ԊӒ‫ܒ‬ΰ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄծ೻ӵߖ
෈ཱི‫ ޟ‬Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ΰȂ೻ᆍᢎ‫࢐܈‬ᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬মȊӰ࣏Ԟ෈‫ีޟ‬՗‫ؠގ‬Ԥ᜸խ APT
‫ف‬ಛȂџоՌଢ଼ΰᆩ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оୁ૒ՌϏԊ၆ശཱི‫ގ‬Ȃ‫ܖ‬೨ོШၶԊӒȄծձԤ
ࣼႆ።໣໣‫ؐٱؠ‬Јࣼᅓࢾϴ֙ȉ೻ᆍᅳ‫ٱ‬ȂԤΡф഼ᔓԔࣼᅓࢾϴ֙Ȃ‫ٮ‬иҥ
тঈඪ‫ټ‬ശཱི‫ޟ‬ᅓࢾও၄Ȃ೻ኺϚ࢐ሆᚬӻΟიȊӰԪ‫ߨר‬லϚ࡚ដ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬թ݈
Ꮲ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰৈӇ௃ tarball ՌϏጡឍ‫پ‬၆ȂӰ࣏೻ኺ঺ЈԤᅓࢾਢȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᗙौՌϏ
‫י‬၄ଫȄ೻ᗙϚ҈ᆧȂ‫࢐ޟܐ‬೿ᅓࢾϴ֙഍‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ڗ‬ȄҬࠉ Ubuntu ΰਹ७‫ގ‬
‫ޟ‬ᆰ៖ 3 ԑȂթ݈Ꮲ‫ޟގ‬ᆰ៖ 5 ԑȄ೻ࢲਢ໢ϱԤᅓࢾ‫ܖ‬૚ᙫȂ஠ོЛධՌଢ଼‫؁‬
ཱིȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϚሯौՌ՗ήၷ patch ‫ٮ‬஠ওғႆ‫ޟ‬แԒጆ१ཱིጡឍȄ

5.1 DPKG ࣈχ႓୩ുВ

DPKG ࢐ Debian ‫ ڷ‬Ubuntu Ң‫پ‬ᆓ౩ৈӇ‫ޟ‬அᙃแԒȂѺџоҢ‫پ‬Ԋ၆ȃ၌
ଶԊ၆୙ᔬӪ࣏ deb ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ೺ᡝȂџо஠Ѻຜ࣏Ιᆍࡣᆒ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩ώ‫ڎ‬ȂӰ࣏Ѻѫ
਌‫پ‬ୈΙ‫ۻ࡞ٲ‬ቹ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᆓ౩Ȃฒ‫ݲ‬ୈՌଢ଼ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬၌‫ؚ‬Ȅծ࢐ APT ‫ف‬ಛ
‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ۻ‬ቹເ‫ޟ‬ᗙ࢐ DPKGȂϚႆ࿋ႄ‫ܒٷࣺڗ‬୰ᚠȂAPT ‫ف‬ಛོՌଢ଼‫ޟٷࣺװ‬ৈ
Ӈ‫׺‬ή‫پ‬ȂӔҢ DPKG ‫װ‬೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇԊ၆ԁȄ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈΙૡོ‫ װ‬APTȂAptitude
‫ ڷ‬synaptic ᆎ࣏ࠉᆒᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȂ೻‫ࠉٲ‬ᆒᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ‫ۻ‬ቹζ࢐Ң DPKG ‫پ‬ୈৈӇ
‫ޟ‬೎౩ȂϚႆѺঈџо໷߯ᔓ‫ר‬ঈ೎౩Ι‫ٲ‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ᅳ‫ٱ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃЀ઻‫ܒٷࣺڷ‬୰
ᚠȊ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆყ 5.1 ‫پ‬Ο၌ᐌএৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺȄ
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-3

ყ 5.1 ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ

ձོี౪Ȃӵஈ՗೻‫ࠉٲ‬ᆒᆓ౩แԒਢȂषήၷ‫ׇ‬೺ᡝȂ࿋ᄂሬԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ
dpkg ೻এแԒོӵधශஈ՗মȊձџоҢоήࡾх‫پ‬ᡛᜌ‫ڹ‬Ȋ

ࡾхȈ
ps -aux | grep dpkg

5.1.1 deb ৈӇᔬਿԒ၌ᇳ

Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᔬ၇७Ȃџ૖࢐џஈ՗ᔬȃ‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲‫ڷ‬МӇ้ȂՄМӇৈӇџо
ӵӨএҁѮΰӓҢȂ‫ܚ‬о࢐ϚϷҁѮ‫ޟ‬Ȃஅҏΰ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇᔬ഍࢐о deb ‫پ‬ୈ୙ᔬ
ӪോȊᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳȂৈӇ഍࢐Ңоήೣࠌ‫ڼپ‬ӪȈ
foo_ver-rev_arch.deb

foo фߒΟৈӇӪᆎȂver ࢐ৈӇ‫ގ‬ҏȂζ൷࢐নհ‫ޱ‬ភюਢ‫ܚ‬๝ᇄ‫ޟ‬ጡဴȄrev

࢐фߒ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬಑ඁԩភюȂ೽ல࢐ Ubuntu ୈಠഋও‫ࡣ׽‬Ȃϗོо rev ‫پ‬ୈ
ୢտȄՍܻ arch ൷࢐Ϸտфߒ๿ᎌҢӵϚӣҁѮΰ‫ގޟ‬ҏȂԤџ૖࢐ i368Ȃ
amd64 ‫ ڷ‬powerpc ้Ȅծԃ‫ ݎ‬arch ࢐ all ‫ޟ‬ၗȂфߒ೻এৈӇџоӵϚӣҁѮ
ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬о೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇ೽ல࢐МӇ‫࢐ޱܖ‬Ң‫ޢ‬ឍᇭِቸ‫ޟ‬แԒȂϚሯငႆጡឍȄ
‫ܖ‬೨೻ኺᖿᗙ࢐Ԥᘈ᠖ಛȂ๋‫ޱ‬൷ᖞএᄂሬ‫ٽޟ‬υ‫پ‬ᡱσড়ШၶৠܾΟ၌ԁ
ΟȂ೻၇‫ٽޟ‬υ࢐ԤӪ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȂApacheȄ࣏Οᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џо‫ٲ঺ؚۡ‬ђ
૖࢐֏ሯौҢ‫ڗ‬ȂUbuntu ‫ װ‬Apache ܶԙоήӻএৈӇȄ
5-4 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ৈӇᔬਰӪᆎ ᇳ݂
apache2-doc_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_all.deb ഺ࣏ Apache ߞሲ‫ށ‬ћԆȄަ
ྍȂԴ arch ߞ‫ڤ‬ৎ៼֜Ȃҹ
࣏ allȂ‫ݙ‬ѽഺৎਇԆ࣏ЙжӀ
ҭߞඊȊ
apache2_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386.deb ഺ࣏ϘৎໍᕢਇԆȂՉႅഺৎ
ਇԆȂҹබྻ‫׀‬ӡह‫ߞݑڶ‬ᝯ
࠼֋ஜՉႅϭব 3 ৎਇԆ஧Ȋ
apache2-common_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386.deb ഺႆবҒ‫ף‬ϞϘ‫ ڱ‬Apache ‫ݙ‬
‫ڹ‬ӡߞጀೡȄ
apache2-mpm-worker_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386.deb ഺ࣏ Apache ᅁቫߞே֖ᕫ
ඊȊ
apache2-utils_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386.deb ഺҒ‫ף‬ϞϘ‫ ڱ‬Apache ‫ڹݙ‬ӡ
ߞЍ‫ۍ‬຀ՑȄ
ࣼ‫ׇ‬Οΰ७‫ߒޟ‬ਿȂ᠞‫ޱ‬σ྅ᄇܻৈӇᔬ‫ڼ‬ӪԤߑ؏Ο၌Ο֑ȊӵৈӇ‫ޟ‬ᔬӪ
ϛ Ȃ ࢐ ‫ ٺ‬Ң ή ‫ ۻ‬ጣ Ȟ _ ȟ ‫ پ‬Ϸ Ⴄ ю 3 এ ୢ ༵ Ȅ ԃ apache2-common_
2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386.debȂѺ‫ޟ‬಑Ιএୢ༵൷࢐ apache2-commonȂζ൷࢐ৈ
ӇӪᆎȄՄ಑Πএୢ༵࢐ 2.0.55-4ubuntu2Ȃζ൷࢐ҏ‫ဴގ‬ёΰ rev ဴȂӵৈӇ
‫ف‬ಛϛȂШᄇ೺ᡝཱིᙟ࢐Ң೻এୢ༵‫ޢ‬௥ШᄇȂႄ‫़ڗ‬М‫ޟ‬ഋӋ൷оѺ ASCII ጡ
ဴ௶‫ו‬Ȃζ൷࢐ ver ‫ ڷ‬rev ࢐ܹӵΙଔШၶȄശࡣϗ࢐ҁѮ‫ގ‬ҏȄ

5.1.2 DPKG ࢥၚৈӇ

ӵ Ubuntu ϛȂ‫ר‬ঈலல‫ٺ‬Ңоήࡾх‫ࢥپ‬ၚ࢚এϐԊ၆ৈӇ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -l < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬ୚ٙऱᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$ dpkg -l filezilla
ཚඨणኪ ‫آ‬व ‫ڜ‬ᇘ ‫ܔ‬ೈ 堚ೈ অ਍(h)
= (u)/ (i)/ (r)/ (p)/
| ᅝছणኪ=‫(آ‬n)/բ‫ڜ‬ᇘ(i)/ႛ‫ژ‬๻ࡳ(c)/ႛᇞᚘᜍ(U)/๻ࡳ؈ඓ(F)/լ‫ݙ‬٤‫ڜ‬ᇘ(H)
|/ ᙑᎄΛ=(ྤ)/অ਍(?)/ႊૹᇘ(R)/ࠟृଫ‫(ڶ‬#) (णኪΔᙑᎄΚՕᐊ=ਚᎽ)
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-5

||/ ‫ټ‬ጠ ठ‫ء‬ ១տ

+++-==============-==============-===============================
ii filezilla 3.0CVS20060622 GUI FTP client written in wxWidgets
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

ӵԪጒ‫ٽ‬ϛѾήُ ii ‫ޟ‬фጆ࢐фߒ၎ৈӇӵ‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȄѺ‫ޟ‬಑Ιጆᆎ࣏෈
ఖ‫ޑ‬ᄘȂζ൷࢐‫ר‬ঈᄇৈӇ‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫෈ޟ‬ఖȂ‫ٽ‬ԃԊ၆Ȃւଶ‫఼ޱܖ‬ଶ้Ȅծ‫ٱ‬௑Ԥ
ਢঐᖂ࢐ϚԃΡཎ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о಑Πጆ൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬ৈӇҬࠉ‫ޑ‬ᄘȂζ൷࢐ձ‫ה‬ఖৈӇ
‫ޑޟ‬ᄘӵ࢚এ௑‫ל‬Ȃծᄂሬ‫ޑ‬ᄘ࢐ԃ಑Πጆ‫ܚ‬ҰȄߒ 5.1 ‫ ߒڷ‬5.2 ϷտӖюΟ෈
ఖ‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫ڷ‬Ҭࠉ‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫ޟ‬фጆ၌ភȄ
ߒ 5.1 ෈ఖ‫ޑ‬ᄘфጆ
෈ఖ‫ޑ‬ᄘфጆ ᇳ݂
u ӏߢ (Unknown)
i Չႅ (Install)
r ׁ୵ (Remove)
p ౻୵ (Purge)
h ড়ຕ (Hold)

ߒ 5.2 Ҭࠉ‫ޑ‬ᄘфጆ
Ҭࠉ‫ޑ‬ᄘфጆ ᇳ݂
n ๑ (Not)
i ЏՉႅ (Installed)
c ཈Յന‫ܠ‬ᕫ (Config-files)
U ཈ႋᕅᖺ (Unpacked)
F ന‫ܠ‬ҵీ (Failed-config)
H Й؆ԑՉႅ (Half-installed)

‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈல‫ٺ‬Ңоή‫ڍ‬এඁнӣ้ཎဎȞ৯տӵՌଢ଼၌‫ܒٷؚࣺ‬ȟ‫ࡾޟ‬х‫پ‬ಋ
ଶৈӇȄ
5-6 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ࡾхȈ
apt-get remove < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ‫ܔ‬ೈ୚ٙ‫܀‬լ‫ܔ‬ೈ๻ࡳᚾΰᄎ۞೯ᇞެઌࠉࢤα
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -r < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ‫ܔ‬ೈ୚ٙ‫܀‬լ‫ܔ‬ೈ๻ࡳᚾΰլᄎ۞೯ᇞެઌࠉࢤα
೻‫ڍ‬এࡾхȂ‫ف‬ಛႱ೩࢐‫װ‬஠ಋଶৈӇ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ੼ή‫پ‬ȂѫԤ‫װ‬แԒಋଶȄོ
Ϛಋଶ೩ۡᔬ࢐Ӱ࣏Ԥਢঐ࢐แԒюΟ୰ᚠȂ‫ר‬ঈདौ‫װ‬ѺւଶࡣӔ१ཱིԊ၆Ȃ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ಋଶৈӇਢȂ‫ف‬ಛζ‫װ‬೩ۡᔬऄΟȂ೻ኺᄇᆓ౩‫࡞ޱ‬ϚП߯Ȋ౳ത٥‫ٲ‬೩ۡ
ᔬौາ࡞ӻवώϗ૖೩ۡԁȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ӵಋଶৈӇ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂႱ೩࢐‫װ‬೩ۡᔬ
੼ή‫ޟپ‬Ȅԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬Ң apt-get remove postfix оࡣȂӔўࢥၚৈӇၥ
ଉȂ൷ོԤ rc ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘጆȂߒҰৈӇϐငೝಋଶȂծ࢐೩ۡᔬᗙ੼ӵ‫ف‬ಛȄԃ‫ݎ‬
᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौ೿೩ۡᔬ഍ಋଶȂ൷҆໸‫ٺ‬Ң dpkg -P postfix ‫پ‬ಋଶ೩ۡᔬȂ‫࢐ޱܖ‬ӵ
ᗙ‫ؠ‬ಋଶࠉȂ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-get --purge remove postfix ‫پ‬ಋଶȊ
࿋ৈӇϐငೝಋଶΟȂζ൷࢐‫ޑ‬ᄘጆϐင࢐ rc ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂapt-get --purge ೻এ
ПԒ‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ݲ‬ऄ೩ۡᔬȂ೻এПԒѫ૖ӵᗙ‫ؠ‬ಋଶࠉ‫ٺ‬Ң‫پ‬ІԊ၆แԒ‫ڷ‬ಋଶ೩ۡ
ᔬȄषौӵ rc ‫ޑ‬ᄘ‫ޟ‬ਢঐऄ೩ۡᔬȂौ‫ٺ‬Ң dpkg -P ‫ޟ‬ПԒȊ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get remove postfix
Հ٨ऱ୚ٙຟല๯μ‫ܔ‬ೈνΚ
postfix
‫ޓ‬ᄅ 0 ଡ୚ٙΔᄅ‫ڜ‬ᇘ 0 ଡ୚ٙΔ‫ܔ‬ೈ 1 ଡ୚ٙΔ‫׼‬լ‫ޓ‬ᄅ 0 ଡ୚ٙΖ
ᤉᥛച۩ႯΛ ਢਊ [Y] ᝶Δ‫ܡ‬ਊ [n] ᝶ y
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ postfix ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l | grep postfix
rc postfix 2.2.10-1ubuntu0.1 A
high-performance mail transport agent
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -P postfix
(‫࠷ᦰڇإ‬ᇷற஄ ߓอ‫ؾ‬ছ᜔٥‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ڶ‬
... 171104 ଡᚾூࡉ‫ؾ‬ᙕΖ)
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ postfix ...
‫ڇإ‬堚ೈ postfix ऱ๻ࡳᚾூ ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l | grep postfix
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-7

࿋ձϚ‫ޣ‬ၾৈӇ‫ׇ‬ᐌӪᆎਢȂџо‫ٺ‬ҢоήࡾхആႆᜰᗤԅўࢥၚৈӇȈ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -l | grep < ୚ٙᣂ᝶‫>ڗ‬ # ਷ᇬ‫ܶץ‬ᣂ᝶‫ڗ‬ऱ୚ٙᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$ dpkg -l | grep filezilla
ii filezilla 3.0CVS20060622-3 GUI FTP client written in wxWidgets
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

ՄѺ‫ޟ‬ন౩൷࢐ dpkg -l ೻এࡾхོӖю‫ܚ‬ԤԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂӰԪџоആႆᆓጣ

‫װ‬ၥଉ༈๝ grep ў‫ڥ׺‬ᜰᗤԅȂԃоΰጒ‫ܚٽ‬ҰȄ
ष࢐ձདौ‫ޣ‬ၾ࢚এৈӇѓ֤঺‫ٲ‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоആႆή७ࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -L < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬ୚ٙ‫ܶץ‬ऱࢬ‫ڶ‬ᚾூ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$ dpkg -L filezilla
/usr/bin/filezilla
/usr/bin/fzsftp
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

ष࢐ौӖю࢚এ deb ৈӇᔬѓ֤‫ޟ‬ᔬਰϱৠȂџоആႆ೻এࡾхȂஅҏΰѺ‫ڷ‬

ΰ७٥এࡾх࢐᜸խ‫ޟ‬ȂϚႆΙএ࢐ࢥၚϐԊ၆ৈӇȂ೻এ࢐ବᄇ deb ৈӇᔬȄ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -c <.deb ᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬ deb ୚ٙᚾ‫ܶץ‬ऱࢬ‫ڶ‬ᚾூ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ dpkg -c filezilla_3.0CVS20060622_powerpc.deb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1288788 2006-07-08 16:00:43 ./usr/bin/filezilla
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 379384 2006-07-08 16:00:43 ./usr/bin/fzsftp
5-8 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

ष࢐དौு‫࢚ޣ‬এᔬਰ࢐঺এৈӇ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ޟټ‬Ȃџоആႆή७ࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -S < ቃ਷ᇬऱᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬᚾூਢୌଡ୚ٙࢬ༼ࠎऱ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/fzsftp
filezilla: /usr/bin/fzsftp
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

षདौࢥၚϐငԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇ၏ಠၥଉȂџоആႆή७ࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
dpkg -s < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬᇠբᆖ‫ڜ‬ᇘ୚ٙऱᇡาᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ dpkg -s filezilla
Package: filezilla
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: x11
Installed-Size: 3319
Maintainer: Tsai Dung-Bang <dbtsai@gmail.com>
Architecture: powerpc
Version: 3.0CVS20060622
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.3.4-1), libexpat1 (>= 1.95.8), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.0.2), libidn11
(>= 0.5.18), libstdc++6 (>= 4.0.2-4)
Description: GUI FTP client written in wxWidgets
FileZilla is a fast and reliable FTP client, with lots of useful
features and an intuitive interface.
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

षձौΟ၌ deb ৈӇᔬ‫ޟ‬၏ಠၥଉȂџоҢή७ࡾхȂѺ‫ޟ‬ᒯюၥଉඁн‫ڷ‬ΰ

७٥এΙኺȂѫϚႆΙএ࢐ବᄇϐငԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ೻এ࢐ବᄇৈӇᔬോȊ
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-9

ࡾхȈ
dpkg -I <.deb ᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ਷ᇬᇠ deb ୚ٙᚾऱᇡาᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ dpkg -I filezilla_3.0CVS20060622_powerpc.deb
Package: filezilla
Version: 3.0CVS20060622
Section: x11
Priority: optional
Architecture: powerpc
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.3.4-1), libexpat1 (>= 1.95.8), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.0.2),
libidn11
Installed-Size: 3319
Maintainer: Tsai Dung-Bang <dbtsai@gmail.com>
Description: GUI FTP client written in wxWidgets
FileZilla is a fast and reliable FTP client
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/$

5.1.3 DPKG Ԋ၆ৈӇ

षौԊ၆ΙএৈӇᔬȂ‫ר‬ঈӵ Ubuntu ོ‫ٺ‬ҢоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg -i <.deb ᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ୚ٙ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ sudo dpkg -i filezilla_3.0CVS20060622_powerpc.deb
ᙇխԱམ๯࠷௣ᙇᖗऱ୚ٙ Ζ
filezilla
‫ڇإ‬ᇞᚘᜍ filezilla (ൕ filezilla_3.0CVS20060622_powerpc.deb) ...
‫ڇإ‬๻ࡳ filezilla (3.0CVS20060622) ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$

Ԋ၆ਢȂषԤѶఁ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬ю౪Ȃџ૖࢐Ӱ࣏‫ڷ‬౪ԤৈӇԤፐएȞconflictȟ‫ޱܖ‬
࢐ฒ‫ݲ‬ᅖٗৈӇ‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬ȞdependencyȟȄ
5-10 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ፐए‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ೽ல࢐࢚‫ٲ‬ৈӇϚ૖ӣਢԊ၆Ȃζ೨Ӱ࣏ѺঈԤࣺӣђ૖‫ܚ‬оϚ૖
၆ӵΙଔ้নӰȄ೻ਢঐѫौ‫װ‬ϣࣺፐए‫ޟ‬೺ᡝІԊ၆Ȃᔖ၎൷џо၌‫ؚ‬ΟȄ
ष࢐ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬୰ᚠȂԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃapache2_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_powerpc.deb ࣺ
‫ ܻ ٷ‬apache2-mpm-worker Ȃ apache2-mpm-prefork ‫ ޱ ܖ‬apache2-mpm-!
perchild έ‫ڏޟޱ‬ϛΙএȄӰԪԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ுौӑԊ၆೻έএ‫ڏޟ‬ϛΙএȄ೻
၇ Apache Ԥέᆍ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ஈ՗ᔬ࢐Ӱ‫௴ܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ӻώஈ՗዁ԒϚӣȂϚႆ೻Ϛӵ‫ר‬
ঈ౪ӵ‫ޟ‬ଆ፣ጒ൜Ȃ၏௑ོӵ 14.2.1 ω࿽၌ភȄ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/apache2$ sudo dpkg -i apache2_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_powerpc.deb
dpkgΚઌࠉᣂߓംᠲࠌ൓ apache2 ऱ๻ࡳՠ‫܂‬լ౨ᤉᥛΚ
ઌࠉ࣍
apache2 apache2-mpm-worker (= 2.0.55-4ubuntu2) | apache2-mpm-prefork (=
2.0.55-4ubuntu2) | apache2-mpm-perchild (= 2.0.55-4ubuntu2)ΤྥۖΚ
୚ٙ apache2-mpm-worker ᝫ޲‫ڶ‬๯‫ڜ‬ᇘΖ
୚ٙ apache2-mpm-prefork ᝫ޲‫ڶ‬๯‫ڜ‬ᇘΖ
୚ٙ apache2-mpm-perchild ᝫ޲‫ڶ‬๯‫ڜ‬ᇘΖ
dpkgΚ๠෻ apache2 (--install)ழ‫נ‬ᙑΚ
ઌࠉᣂߓംᠲ - ս‫آ‬๯๻ࡳ
‫ڇ‬๠෻ழ‫ڶ‬ᙑᎄ࿇‫س‬Κ
apache2
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/apache2$

ӰԪ‫ר‬ঈ҆໸ӑԊ၆ apache2-mpm-worker Ȃծԃ‫ݎ‬ձၐႆ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོี౪

apache2-mpm-worker άࣺ‫ ܻٷ‬apache2-commonȂՄ apache2-common ࣺ‫ٷ‬
ܻ apache2-utilsȄ‫ܚ‬о೻ਢঐ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆໷‫ו‬൷ौ࢐ӑ၆ apache2-utilsȂณࡣ
Ӕ၆ apache2-commonȂϞࡣӔ၆ apache2-mpm-workerȂശࡣԊ၆ apache2Ȅ
࿋ณζџоϚҢ٥ቄബྮȂџо‫ܚװ‬Ԥࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰܹӵӣΙএҬᓃȂณࡣആႆо
ήࡾхΙԩ‫ܚװ‬Ԥ deb ᔬԊ၆ȂѺ໷߯ζོ೎౩Ԋ၆໷‫ו‬Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg -i *.deb # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ؾ‬ᙕՀࢬ‫ ڶ‬deb ୚ٙᚾ
࿋ณശП߯‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐ആႆ apt ‫ف‬ಛԊ၆Ȃ೻ኺ‫ר‬ঈ೿‫װ‬೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇήၷ‫ڗ‬฽ᆅ഍
ϚҢȂѫौоήΙএࡾх൷Ӓഋ഍೩ۡԁ୨Ȋ
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-11

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install apache2 # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ Apache ጻ଄‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ
ӵԊ၆‫ܖ‬၌ଶԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂषԤႄ‫ڗ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ᒿᇲଉ਀‫ܒٷࣺܖ‬ՄᏲम‫ޟ‬ѶఁȂԤ
ਢঐџо஼‫װڙ‬Ѻ၆ΰў‫ܖ‬ІԊ၆ȄծԤਢঐȂ೻ᆍᢍΨ‫ݲ‬லலོഅԙ‫؁‬ӻ୰
ᚠȂ‫ܚ‬оߨ҆ौ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻ᆍПԒ๋‫ޱ‬Ϛ࡚ដ‫ٺ‬ҢȄԪ‫ݲ‬Ԥџ૖ོકᚽ‫ف‬ಛࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Ȃ
ณࡣӵήԩ‫ف‬ಛ apt-get upgrade ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ‫ف‬ಛџ૖ོདौၐ๿ўওඈȂծ࢐Ӱ
࣏ӑࠉ‫ޟ‬஼‫ڙ‬Ԋ၆ȂᏲम‫ف‬ಛՌଢ଼‫װ‬஼‫ڙ‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬٥‫ٲ‬ৈӇІԊ၆Ȃ‫پ‬ᅖٗ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬
ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Ȅ
‫ٺ‬ҢПԒ࣏ন‫ޟپ‬Ԋ၆ࡾхёΰ஼‫ڙ‬ᐇհ୤ኵȂՄ୤ኵџоԤԁඁএȂҢ೾ᘈ
Ⴄ໠Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃџоҢ୤ኵ --force-hold,bad-verify ‫پ‬ႀ‫ڗ‬џоᄇೝᚇۡи‫ؠ‬೽ႆᡛ
ᜌ‫ ޟ‬deb ৈӇୈԊ၆ȄՄߒ 5.2 ӖюΟΙ‫ٲ‬லҢ‫ޟ‬୤ኵȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆ dpkg
--force-help ‫پ‬Ο၌‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬୤ኵȄ

ߒ 5.2 DPKG ஼‫ڙ‬ᐇհ୤ኵ

ҍ಩់‫ט‬੡Ȃੲᑂணዴ௻ঝே֖Ȉ --force-<ணዴ>Ȃ<ணዴ>Ȃ...
ҍ಩់‫ט‬੡Ȃੲᑂணዴ௻ঝஃѤȈ --refuse-<ணዴ>Ȃ<ணዴ>Ȃ...
୤ኵ ᇳ݂
all ᕕӡ‫ݙ‬գϭԕߞ௻ۘў‫ޱ‬Ȅ
hold ᅆജዾୃऎ࠲ࢺ১ߐȞholdȟߞਇԆ་֖ᑆ֯Ȅ
not-root ‫ڹڹ׈‬ӡ߰Й࣏ rootȂϵႏᄦՉႅ‫ݕ‬ೊ୵ഹᢜȄ
overwrite ‫ڹ‬ӡ‫ݺ֋ڽ‬ՉႅਇԆߞᕫ੯ᚬሏۖ১ӎ៳‫ݺ‬ҩϘৎਇԆߞ
ᕫ੯Ȅ
bad-verify ‫ڹ׈‬ਇԆ഼ٟჅᢚ໠Ȃϵ௟ྻജՉႅȄ
depends-version ‫ݙد‬գԯߍӎփൄ՘ߞह‫ݑڶ‬யᛟರჅ‫ڭ‬ា᠈ՉႅȞҞକൄ
՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
depends ‫ݙد‬գ᝷࡭ߞह‫ݑڶ‬யᛟರჅ‫ڭ‬ា᠈ՉႅȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ
᛼ȟȄ
confnew ᗁ࣏‫ڹ‬ӡྲߍന‫ܠ‬ᕫ੯Ȃ‫ڭ‬Йԓ႙யȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
confold ᗁ࣏‫ڹ‬ӡ১գߞന‫ܠ‬ᕫ੯Ȃ‫ڭ‬Йԓ႙யȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟ
conflicts ᢰहТᎏॎߞਇԆϵକՉႅȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
5-12 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ҍ಩់‫ט‬੡Ȃੲᑂணዴ௻ঝே֖Ȉ --force-<ணዴ>Ȃ<ணዴ>Ȃ...
ҍ಩់‫ט‬੡Ȃੲᑂணዴ௻ঝஃѤȈ --refuse-<ணዴ>Ȃ<ணዴ>Ȃ...
୤ኵ ᇳ݂
overwrite-dir ӡ‫֋ڽ‬ϘৎਇԆߞᕫ੯ᚬሏ১ӎ៳‫ݺ‬ҩϘਇԆߞӫᔂȞҞକ
ൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
remove-reinstreq ׁ୵‫ڱڤ‬Ϙ‫ܠ‬ቮঋՉႅߞਇԆȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
remove-essential ׁ୵ዾୃऎদঋߞਇԆȞҞକൄ՘‫ڀ‬೚ྫ᛼ȟȄ
‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ڗ׺ޱ‬Ιএ deb ৈӇᔬȂѺ࢐ӵШ๋‫ޱ‬ᗙौཱི‫ޟ‬ጡឍᕗცή‫ܚ‬ጡឍȂӰ
Ԫԃጒ‫ܚٽ‬ҰȂԤ೨ӻ‫ގޟ‬ҏࣺ‫ٷ‬୰ᚠю౪ȂഅԙϚ૖Ԋ၆Ȅ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ sudo dpkg -i mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb
‫إ‬ቃໂཙང ࠌ‫ش‬
mplayer 2:0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4 (
mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb) ...
‫ڇإ‬ᇞᚘᜍཙངऱ୚ٙᚾ mplayer ...
dpkgΚઌࠉᣂߓംᠲࠌ൓ mplayer ऱ๻ࡳՠ‫܂‬լ౨ᤉᥛΚ
mplayer ઌࠉ࣍ libasound2 (>> 1.0.11)ΤྥۖΚ
ߓอᇙऱ libasound2 ऱठ‫ء‬ਢ 1.0.10-2ubuntu4.
mplayer ઌࠉ࣍ libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.1)ΤྥۖΚ
ߓอᇙऱ libatk1.0-0 ऱठ‫ء‬ਢ 1.11.4-0ubuntu1.
mplayer ઌࠉ࣍ libc6 (>= 2.4-1)ΤྥۖΚ
ߓอᇙऱ libc6 ऱठ‫ء‬ਢ 2.3.6-0ubuntu20.
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/apache2$

Ԫਢџоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬஼‫ڙ‬Ԋ၆Ȃ೻এਢঐོю౪࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲଉ਀Ȅᗶณ࢐
Ԋ၆ԙђΟȂ‫ٮ‬и೺ᡝԤΙۡ‫ޟ‬ᐠ౥џоғல‫ٺ‬ҢȞԤਢঐ฽၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇ‫فڷ‬ಛᕗ
ც৯౴ЊσਢȂᗙ࢐Ϛ૖‫ٺ‬ҢോȊȟȄծ೻ኺӵήԩ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟཱི؁‬ਢঐȂAPT ‫ف‬ಛ
࣏ΟՌଢ଼࡮ඈ‫ف‬ಛࣺ‫ޟܒٷ‬Ιम‫ܒ‬Ȃོ‫װ‬೻ኺඌཤ‫ޟ‬ৈӇւଶȄ
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-13

ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg -i --force-all mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb

ԃ‫ݎ‬ጂۡငႆ༞ཤࡣџо‫ٺ‬ҢȂ࣏Ալᡱ‫ف‬ಛӵЀ઻‫ޟ‬ਢঐ‫װ‬༞ཤ‫ޟގ‬ৈӇಋ
ଶȂџоҢоήПԒ‫پ‬ও‫׽‬ৈӇϱᕗცࣺ‫ގٷ‬ҏၥଉȄ
ࡾхȈ
ar x mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb

‫װ‬ৈӇᔬ၌໠Ȃձོี౪Ԥ debian-binaryȂcontrol.tar.gz ‫ ڷ‬data.tar.gz 3 এ

ᔬਰȄ‫ڏ‬ϛ control.tar.gz ॒೰कᓃৈӇ‫ޟ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ၥଉȄณࡣӔ‫ װ‬control.tar.gz ၌
໠‫ڗ‬ᖝਢ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȂձོี౪ԤΙএ control ‫ޟ‬МԅᔬȄձџо‫ װ‬Depends ٥এួ
՝‫׽‬ԙձौ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃџо‫ގװ‬ҏဴ‫׽‬ωȂ‫װ࢐ܖ‬ѺӒऄΟȄณࡣӔনࡌϚଢ଼‫ޟ‬ᔆ
ᕻԙ control.tar.gzȂӔҢ
ࡾхȈ
ar d mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb control.tar.gz

‫װ‬ন‫ ޟپ‬control.tar.gz ௃ deb ᔬऄΟȂശࡣҢ

ࡾхȈ
ar r mplayer_0.99+1.0pre8-0ubuntu4_powerpc.deb control.tar.gz

‫װ‬ඌཤ‫ޟގ‬कᓃᔬёӱўȄ೻ਢঐձོี౪Ȃཱི‫ޟ‬ৈӇᔬϐင‫ؠ‬Ԥࣺ‫ޟܒٷ‬୰
ᚠോȊ
‫ێ‬ᅁഺ࣏ӡ৒‫ؼ‬ਇԆ॔ᔂߞўՑҝ᝾Ⴥ DPKG ਇԆᇒನ‫ڀ‬೚Ȅ

5.1.4 DPKG ಋଶৈӇ

ಋଶৈӇԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍࡾхȂΙᆍ࢐ѫಋଶкแԒȂ೻ਢঐ၎ৈӇ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬོ੼ӵ‫ف‬
ಛϱȂԪਢ၎ৈӇ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘጆ൷ོ࢐ rc ΟȊѪѴΙᆍ࢐೿೩ۡᔬ഍ΙଔಋଶȄ
5-14 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

಑ΙᆍѫಋଶৈӇ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ๖‫ݎ‬ԃጒ‫ٽ‬ȂৈӇ‫ޑ‬ᄘᡐԙΟ rcȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg -r < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ฝೈ୚ٙ‫܀‬լฝೈ๻ࡳᚾ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ sudo dpkg -r filezilla
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ filezilla ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ dpkg -l | grep filezilla
rc filezilla 3.0CVS20060622 GUI
FTP client written in wxWidgets
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$

಑ΠᆍПԒಋଶΟแԒ‫ڷ‬೩ۡᔬȂձџоആႆ dpkg -l | grep <ৈӇӪᆎ> ў

ࢥࣼȂོี౪ϐင‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬कᓃΟমȊ๖‫ݎ‬ԃήȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg -P < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ฝೈ୚ٙࡉ๻ࡳᚾ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -P filezilla
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ filezilla ...
‫ڇإ‬堚ೈ filezilla ऱ๻ࡳᚾூ ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l | grep filezilla
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

5.1.5 DPKG ᇄ RPM ӓᇆ

ᗶณӵ Ubuntu ၇७ϐငඪ‫ټ‬Ο࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬ৈӇџо‫ٺ‬ҢȂծԤΙ‫ٲ‬୦ཾ೺ᡝѫԤ
ඪ‫ټ‬๝ RedHat Linux ‫ ܖ‬Fedora ้‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬RPM ѓ၆ৈӇȄ೻ਢঐ൷ሯौ alien
ю଻୨Ȋ๋‫ޱ‬ौඪᒺ᠞‫ޱ‬ȂҢ೻Ι‫ܣ‬ԙђ౥Ϛ࢐ԻϷϞΙԻോȊ
ॶӑौӑԊ၆ alien ೻এ೺ᡝ
 5.1 DPKG ৈӇᆓ౩แԒ 5-15

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install alien # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ alien
ᙏܾ‫ٺޟ‬ҢП‫ݲ‬Ԥή७ඁᆍȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo alien -i <.rpm ୚ٙᚾ> # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ೫ᚾ‫ټ‬੡ rpm ऱ୚ٙᚾ
ࡾхȈ
sudo alien -d <.rpm ୚ٙᚾ> # ‫ ނ‬rpm ऱ୚ٙᚾ᠏‫ ګ‬deb ୚ٙᚾ (Ꮑ૞ root ߪٝ)
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ sudo alien -d filezilla-3.0CVS20060622-2.ppc.rpm
filezilla_3.0CVS20060622-3_powerpc.deb generated

ࡾхȈ
alien -r <.deb ୚ٙᚾ> # ‫ ނ‬deb ऱ୚ٙᚾ᠏‫ ګ‬rpm ୚ٙᚾ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/deb$ alien -r filezilla_3.0CVS20060622_powerpc.deb
filezilla-3.0CVS20060622-2.ppc.rpm generated

5.1.6 ‫ڏ‬тலҢ‫ޟ‬ђ૖
‫ܖ‬೨ԤΡ‫ޱ๋ڷ‬ΙኺԤዓᘼȂདौΟ၌‫ف‬ಛΰ࢐֏ԤฒҢ‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ৲ȉкौོี
ҡ೻ᆍ୰ᚠ࢐Ӱ࣏࿋Ң apt-get ၆ԁΙৈ೺ᡝࡣȂѺོ໷߯‫ڒޟٷࣺװ‬Ԓ৲၆ଔ
‫پ‬Ȃծ࢐ӵ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-get ಋଶ٥ৈ೺ᡝਢȂ‫ٮ‬Ϛོ‫װ‬Ѻࣺ‫ڒޟٷ‬Ԓ৲ւଶȂ‫ܚ‬о
ശࡣ‫ف‬ಛོಣᑖ࡞ӻҢϚ‫ڒޟڗ‬Ԓ৲Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆ deborphan ‫پ‬ᄆࣼฒҢ‫ޟ‬
‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲Ȅ
Ԋ၆ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install deborphan # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ deborphan
5-16 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

‫ٺ‬ҢࡾхȈ
deborphan # ਷ᇬྤ‫ش‬ऱࠤ‫ڤ‬஄
# ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -s ࠐ᧩ਢൕୌԫଡ୚ٙ஄ࠐऱΔ-P ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙऱૹ૞ࢤΔ-z ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙՕ՛
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ deborphan -sPz
48 main/libs libglut3 optional
1641 main/libs wx2.6-i18n optional
712 main/libs libgnutls11 important
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

Ѻ‫ܚ‬Ӗю‫ޟپ‬ৈӇȂஅҏΰ࢐‫ف‬ಛϐငҢϚ‫ޟڗ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оџо‫ٺ‬Ң dpkg -P ў‫װ‬

ѺঈಋଶȄ
ԤΙ‫ٲ‬ৈӇӵԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂོՌଢ଼ເю‫پ‬ᄇၗ਱ᡱձ೩ۡΙ‫ٲ‬ᒵ໶Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ
postfix ೻এ໏Ӈթ݈ᏢȂҢ apt-get install postfix Ԋ၆ࡣȂོᡱձӵᄇၗ਱೩ۡ
Ι‫ٲ‬அҏ‫ޟ‬឴‫ܒ‬Ȅष‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬དौ१ཱི೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоആႆоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg-reconfigure < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ૹᄅ๻ࡳբᆖ‫ڜ‬ᇘऱ୚ٙ
Մலலོႄ‫ڗ‬ሯौ१ཱི೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᗙԤ xserverȂᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоή
ࡾх‫پ‬१ཱི೩ۡձຜๅ‫ف‬ಛ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ‫ڷ‬၌‫้࡙ݙ‬ᒵ໶Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg # ૹᄅ๻ࡳ xserver
೻এђ૖Ϛ࢐ᄇ‫ܚ‬ԤৈӇ഍ԤҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃѫᄇ٥‫ٲ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ڗ‬debconf ‫ޟ‬ৈӇϗ૖‫ٺ‬
ҢോȊ

5.2 ࢓ӽ /etc/apt/sources.list ௩‫ס‬ᐬվᅨ͑

๳‫ࣈڟ‬χປ
ॶӑौσড়ӱᏹΙήȂӵ಑Ιണ๋‫ޱ‬ԤඪЅ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲࣏ΟϚӣ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬
‫ޟ‬ሯؑȂ‫װ‬ৈӇ৲ܶԙ mainȂrestrictedȂuniverse ‫ ڷ‬multiverse ֑Ȋ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇ
 5.2 ও‫ ׽‬/etc/apt/sources.list ೩ۡᔬ‫پ‬ቨёཱི‫ޟ‬ৈӇྛ 5-17

ྛ೩ۡ൷࢐॒೰֙ວࠉᆒᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛौ௃঺၇‫ڥ׺پ‬ৈӇ‫ޟྛپ‬ӴПȄԤ‫ۢߨٲ‬П
ৈӇζོඪ‫ټ‬೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲‫ྛپ‬ᡱσড়Ԋ၆ৈӇ঵Ȋ
೻‫ࣺٲ‬ᜰ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ൷࢐ӵ /etc/apt/sources.list ၇७ോȊӑҢΙএձዣொ‫ޟ‬Мԅ
ጡᒮᏢ‫װ‬Ѻ҈໠ᕢᕢ֑Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # ቃ߻ᆄԫΔ٣ໂٝେ
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list # ၲࡨᒳᙀ
҈໠ࡣȂџоࣼ‫ڗ‬᜸խή७‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ֑Ȋή७٥এ೩ۡᔬ࣏Ο෵Ѝ‫ގ‬७ȂԤင
ႆΙ‫ٲ‬ᆠᙏȂ‫ܚ‬оԤџ૖‫ڷ‬ձ‫ޟ‬Ԥ฿ཌϚӣോȊԃ‫ݎ‬ӵΙ՗‫ޟ‬ശࠉ७࢐ # ೻൷
фߒ࢐ຝ၌Ȃζ൷࢐ᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ஠ོ‫܇‬౱೻՗Ȅ
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted

# deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe multiverse

# deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe multiverse

# deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports main restricted

# deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports main restricted

# deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports universe multiverse

# deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports universe
multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted

deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security universe

ӵ Ubuntu ϛȂႱ೩࢐‫ װ‬universeȂmultiverse ‫ ڷ‬backport ᜰഖ‫ޟ‬Ȃծ࢐Ԥ࡞

ӻԁҢ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝϚ࢐ӵ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ ޟ‬main ‫ ڷ‬restricted ϞϛȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ gcin ‫ ڷ‬pcmanx
้Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈӑ‫װ‬ຝ၌਌௬֑Ȋ‫ࡣ܁‬Ԥ‫ٲ‬ৈӇ‫ר‬ঈ஠‫ޢ‬௥Ң apt-get Ԋ၆ȂϚོ
5-18 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ӔѪѴᇳѺ࢐឴ܻ঺ΙএৈӇྛ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥႄ‫ڗ‬Ϛ૖၆‫ޟ‬Ȃ଄ுӔ‫پ‬ᔮࢥΙ
ή၎‫װ‬ຝ၌਌௬‫ޟ‬ӴПԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥ਌௬ോȊ
оή७೻এৈӇྛ‫پ‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted

ߒ 5.3 ৈӇྛ೩ۡᔬਿԒ
᜸࠮ кᐠ՝ည ‫ގ‬ҏ ѓ֤‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲
debȞϟ་֜ http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
ਇԆȟ
deb-src Ȟਇ http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
Ԇ১‫ܕ‬ᕫȟ
ԃߒ 5.3 ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ೻‫ڍ‬এৈӇྛџоᘪઽԙ೻Ѳএួ՝Ȃкᐠ՝ည٥এួџо೩
ည ԙ ᚔ ձ ՝ ည ശ ߖ ‫ ޟ‬Ӵ П Ȃ ‫ ٽ‬ԃ Ubuntu Taiwan ඪ ‫ޟ ټ‬
http://atp.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ ᜢ჋મȄՄ deb-src ‫ޟ‬٥Ι՗Ȃ࢐ඪ‫ټ‬ৈӇ‫ޟ‬
নۖጆ఼൐ȂषձϚሯौҢ apt-get ‫ف‬ಛў‫׺‬নۖᔬȂձџо‫װ‬Ѻຝ၌௬Ȅձџ
оӵԤཱི‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ‫ގװ‬ҏួ՝ΰ‫ ޟ‬edgy ‫׽‬ԙήΙ‫ีंޟގ‬фဴȂ٥ቄӔஈ
՗оήࡾхȂ٥ቄ൷ོᡐԙശཱི‫ގ‬ോȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ୚ٙ஄堚໢
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y # ၲࡨՂጻ‫ތ‬ᄅ୚్ٙ֒
Մ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ӴП᚞ѴԤ edgy-updatesȂedgy-backports ‫ ڷ‬edgy-securityȂ೻έ
‫ޟޱ‬ཎဎ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ಑Ιണϭಝ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ӴПԤᇳ݂ႆΟȂԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ןޱ‬ΟȂџоў
ᙚΙήȄ
ҥΰ७‫ޟ‬ೣࠌձζџоΟ၌‫ڗ‬೻‫ڍ‬՗ৈӇ৲೩ۡ
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe multiverse

‫ڏ‬ᄂџоᐌӫԙоήΙ՗Ȅ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-19

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted universe

multiverse

ඪᒺձȂؐԩ‫׽‬ႆ sources.listȂ഍ौӔஈ՗Ιԩоήࡾх‫఼ཱི؁پ‬൐ോȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ୚ٙ஄堚໢
࡚ដ᠞‫ޱ‬ȂϚौӵ sources.list ၇७౅ҢϚӣ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬Π໌՝ৈӇ৲Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ౅Ң
Debian ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲‫ ܖ‬Ubuntu ཱིᙟ‫౅ގ‬ҢȄӰཱི࣏ᙟ‫ގ‬ৈӇџ૖ོӰ࣏ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Ϛӣ
ՄᡱΙஂ೺ᡝϚ૖‫ٺ‬ҢȂࣥՍ‫فװ‬ಛཤ௮Ȅष࢐ձ჋๋‫ޱ‬ΙኺȂ൉᠍Ңശཱི‫ޟ‬೺
ᡝȂծάϚད‫ װ‬Ubuntu Ѐ઻‫ޟีंڗ‬กၐ‫ގ‬Ȃ٥џоՃኌ‫ޱ๋ڷ‬ΙኺȂ‫ װ‬deb-src
٥Ι՗‫ގޟ‬ҏ‫׽‬ԙกၐ‫ގ‬ȂณࡣՌϏ௃নۖጆ‫پ‬ጡឍȄ೻ኺџо௡‫ڙ‬ѫ൐સЀ઻
࢚Ιৈ೺ᡝȂϚོԤ౅Ң‫ގ‬ҏ‫ܚ‬ॊҡ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ

5.3 APT ĞAdvanced Package Toolğ

ፙ‫ ڗ‬Debian like ‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬Ȃശ࣏Ρ‫ܚ‬ᆎၾ‫ޟ‬൷࢐ APTȞAdvanced Package
ToolȟৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛȄѺџо࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ጣΰԊ၆೺ᡝ‫ٮ‬иՌଢ଼၌‫ٷؚࣺ‬
‫ܒ‬୰ᚠȂζџоᔓօ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ѐ઻‫ف‬ಛȂоЅ‫ٺ‬Ңᜰᗤԅཪ൶ҐԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇ้ђ
૖ȄѺ‫ۻ‬ቹ࢐о DPKG ‫پ‬ႀԙȂծѺ૖ᔓօ‫ר‬ঈ೎౩࡞ӻ‫ޢ‬௥‫ٺ‬Ң dpkg ‫ྮޟ‬ᅳ
ಠ࿽Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻এώ‫ڎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ौԁԁं‫ـ‬Ȅ

5.3.1 apt-cache ࢥၚџҢৈӇ

᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫װ‬೻Ι‫ف‬Ӗࡾхདԙ࢐᜸խ DPKG ࢥၚ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȂϚႆѺ‫࣏؁‬஼σȂџ
оବᄇᗙ‫ؠ‬ԤԊ၆‫ޟ‬೺ᡝհࢥၚȄ
೻࢐ശஅҏζ࢐ശலҢ‫ࡾޟ‬хȂ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆѺоᜰᗤԅ‫پ‬൶‫ײ‬དौԊ၆‫ޟ‬
೺ᡝȈ
ࡾхȈ
apt-cache search < ᣂ᝶‫>ڗ‬ # ൕ୚ٙᇷಛխ਷ᇬ‫ܶץ‬ᣂ᝶‫ڗ‬ऱ୚ٙ
5-20 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache search latex
auctex - An integrated environment for writing TeX/LaTeX documents
debiandoc-sgml - DebianDoc SGML DTD and formatting tools
doxygen - Documentation system for C, C++, Java, Python and other languages
doxygen-doc - Documentation for doxygen
hevea - translates from LaTeX to HTML, info, or text
ispell - International Ispell (an interactive spelling corrector)
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ҥܻ೻এПԒ‫ܚ‬ୈ‫ޟ‬ཪ൶࢐௃ৈӇၥଉ၇७൶‫ײ‬ȂՄϚ࢐ѫ௃ৈӇӪᆎȂ‫ܚ‬о
‫ڗײོ܁܁‬೨ӻϚ࢐᠞‫෈ܚޱ‬ఖ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȄ࢈‫ר‬ঈџоԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ๡Ң grep ‫پ‬
հΙ‫ٲ‬నӇཪ൶ോȊ
ᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳȂΰΙএ‫ٽ‬υཪ൶‫ڗ‬ඁ̈এ‫ ڷ‬latex ࣺᜰ೺ᡝȂԃ‫רݎ‬ঈ࢐དौ‫ ײ‬latex
ԅ࠮Ȃ٥൷џоԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬ёΰనӇȄ
apt-cache ჰന࣏݆ರЂЈ኷ߞȂ֭ grep ࣏գжЂЈ኷ȂՂ‫ְލ‬ঋ grep
ϵЙжЂЈ኷ȂҞѽҐϯ -i ߞணዴඊȊ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache search latex | grep font
latex-xft-fonts - Xft-compatible versions of some LaTeX fonts
tfm-arphic-bkai00mp - Arphic "AR PL KaitiM Big5" TrueType font TeX font metric
data
tfm-arphic-bsmi00lp - Arphic "AR PL Mingti2L Big5" TrueType font TeX font metric
data
tfm-arphic-gbsn00lp - Arphic "AR PL SungtiL GB" TrueType font TeX font metric data
tfm-arphic-gkai00mp - Arphic "AR PL KaitiM GB" TrueType font TeX font metric data
ttf2pt1-chinese - Chinese fonts encoding maps for ttf2pt1
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ष࢐ད൐સ‫ޟ‬ѫӵৈӇӪᆎϱоᜰᗤԅཪ൶Ȃ٥ቄџоၐၐࣼ೻এП‫ݲ‬ȄԪਢ
ཪ൶‫ޟڗ‬ৈӇོШၶЍȂζ൷࢐‫ܚ‬ு‫ޟڗ‬ৈӇӪᆎ഍Ԥѓ֤ᜰᗤԅോȊ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-21

ࡾхȈ
apt-cache -n search < ᣂ᝶‫>ڗ‬ # ൕ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠჼ༈ᣂ᝶‫ڗ‬
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache -n search latex
latex-ucs - support for using UTF-8 input encoding in LaTeX documents
latex-ucs-contrib - additional languages for latex-ucs
latex-ucs-dev - configuration source files for latex-ucs
latex-ucs-doc - documentation for latex-ucs
latex-ucs-uninames - full unicode character names for latex-ucs
‫א‬Հฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ڗײ‬དौԊ၆‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂծ࢐དौӑΟ၌࢚এৈӇ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ‫ڷ‬ϭಝȂџ
оആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬ு‫ڗ‬၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȈ
ࡾхȈ
apt-cache show < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙᇡาऱᇷಛࡉտฯ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache show wxvlc
Package: wxvlc
Priority: optional
Section: universe/graphics
Installed-Size: 1208
Maintainer: Sam Hocevar (Debian packages) <sam+deb@zoy.org>
Architecture: powerpc
Source: vlc
Version: 0.8.4.debian-1ubuntu6
Depends: vlc (= 0.8.4.debian-1ubuntu6), libc6 (>= 2.3.4-1), libcdio6, libgcc1 (>=
1:4.0.2), libiso9660-4, libstdc++6 (>= 4.0.2-4), libvcdinfo0 (>> 0.7.23)
Filename: pool/universe/v/vlc/wxvlc_0.8.4.debian-1ubuntu6_powerpc.deb
Size: 357804
MD5sum: 527a50e2f4f18d3109c831d2e6293c71
Description: wxWidgets frontend for VLC

VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG2, MPEG4,
5-22 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, mp3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs, and multimedia
streams from various network sources.

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

଄Ϛ଄ு‫ר‬ঈࠉ७ፙႆ sources.list ԤϷ deb ‫ ڷ‬deb-src ‫ڍ‬ᆍৈӇྛ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ϛ

಑Πএ൷࢐ѓ֤নۖጆၥଉ‫ޟ‬ৈӇྛȄ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾх‫ڥپ‬ுনۖጆၥ
ଉȂ‫ٽ‬ԃԤጡឍࣺ‫ٷ‬ৈӇ้ଉ਀ȄலலৈӇনۖጆѫԤΙএȂծ࢐࣏Οᡱ‫ٺ‬Ңџ
оᒵᐅሯौ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂጡឍࡣོ౰ҡኵএ deb џԊ၆Π໌՝ৈӇȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ binary ٥
Ιួ൷࢐कᓃԪၥଉ‫ޟ‬ӴПȈ
ࡾхȈ
apt-cache showsrc < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙ଺ࡨᒘઌᣂᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache showsrc wxvlc
Package: vlc
Binary: vlc-plugin-glide, vlc, vlc-plugin-alsa, vlc-plugin-svgalib,
vlc-plugin-ggi, vlc-plugin-esd, vlc-plugin-arts, vlc-plugin-sdl, wxvlc,
libvlc0-dev, mozilla-plugin-vlc
Version: 0.8.5.debian-2ubuntu1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/graphics
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 4.0), dh-buildinfo, quilt, nasm, yasm [amd64],
gettext, linux-kernel-headers (>= 2.5.999-test7-bk-7), firefox-dev,
libgl1-mesa-dev
ฃ
Architecture: any
Standards-Version: 3.7.2
Directory: pool/universe/v/vlc
Files:
ebfb04e8ca231a27e42c48b6d7c55c1d 1923 vlc_0.8.5.debian-2ubuntu1.dsc
9cb8acc0341e59b05bb00d10a504f0d1 14045323 vlc_0.8.5.debian.orig.tar.gz
f6edb80536f618f5eee4c9667bd02829 9809 vlc_0.8.5.debian-2ubuntu1.diff.gz

षौࢥၚ೺ᡝԊ၆‫้ܒٷࣺޟ‬ၥଉȂџоആႆоήࡾхࢥၚȄ‫ڏ‬ϛ Reverse
Depends фߒΟІөࣺ‫ܒٷ‬ȂѺӖю‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ഍࢐Ԋ၆ਢ഍ོӑ၆ೝࢥၚ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ
Dependencies фߒ๿Ԋ၆ೝࢥၚৈӇࠉȂ‫ܚ‬ሯौӑԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-23

ࡾхȈ
apt-cache showpkg < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙઌࠉࢤ࿛ઌᣂᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache showpkg wxvlc
Package: wxvlc
Reverse Depends: # ᇘຍࠄຌ᧯ຟᄎ٣ᇘ wxvlc ໝΜ
vlc,wxvlc
gvlc,wxvlc
gnome-vlc,wxvlc
Dependencies: # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ wxvlc ‫א‬ছΔຟ૞٣ᇘ‫א‬Հຌ᧯ࡋΜ
0.8.4.debian-1ubuntu6 - vlc (5 0.8.4.debian-1ubuntu6) libc6 (2 2.3.4-1) libcdio6
(0 (null)) libgcc1 (2 1:4.0.2) libiso9660-4 (0 (null)) libstdc++6 (2 4.0.2-4)
libvcdinfo0 (4 0.7.23) libwxgtk2.6-0 (2 2.6.1.2ubuntu2)
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

षឈுҢоΰПԒӖӟю‫ܒٷࣺޟپ‬ၥଉԤᘈ༄ȂџоၐၐࣼҢ೻এࡾхȄ೻
এࡾхѫོӖюԪ೺ᡝࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇȂ‫ٮ‬иҢШၶᙏ൐݂ᕣ‫ޟ‬ПԒӖӟю‫پ‬Ȉ
ࡾхȈ
apt-cache depends < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙઌࠉࢤ࿛ઌᣂᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache depends wxvlc
wxvlc
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: vlc
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libc6
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libcdio6
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libgcc1
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libiso9660-4
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libstdc++6
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libvcdinfo0
ࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএ: libwxgtk2.6-0
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ΰΙএጒ‫ؠٽ‬ԤӖюІөࣺ‫ޟٷ‬೺ᡝȂଶΟҢ apt-cache showpkg ‫پ‬ӣਢӖ

юࣺ‫ڷٷ‬Іࣺ‫ٷ‬ৈӇѴȂџоҢԪࡾхӖюІࣺ‫ٷ‬ৈӇȈ
5-24 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ࡾхȈ
apt-cache rdepends < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ᧩‫ق‬୚ٙ֘‫ٻ‬ઌࠉࢤ࿛ઌᣂᇷಛ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache rdepends wxvlc
wxvlc
Reverse Depends:
vlc
qvlc
kvlc
gvlc
gnome-vlc
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

џоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬Ο၌‫ف‬ಛৈӇ৲ΰᖂӓԤӻЍџҢ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȈ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache stats
ࢬ‫ڶ‬୚ٙऱ‫ټ‬ጠ 23606 (944k)
ཏຏ୚ٙΚ18259
ဠᚵ୚ٙΚ338
໢ဠᚵ୚ٙΚ1043
෗‫ٽ‬ဠᚵ୚ٙΚ187
؈᠋Κ3779
ࢬ‫ڶ‬լ‫ٵ‬ठ‫ ء‬19218 (922k)
ࢬ‫ژࠉڶ‬ᣂএΚ132990 (3724k)
ࢬ‫ڶ‬ठ‫ء‬/ᚾூᣂᜤΚ20688 (331k)
ࢬ‫ࠎ༼ڶ‬୚ٙኙᚨΚ3153 (63.1k)
Glob ‫ۭڗ‬٥ૠ:119 (1521)
ࢬ‫ڶ‬ઌࠉठ‫़ء‬ၴ:576k
Slack ़ၴ٥ૠ:113k
ࢬ‫ڶ‬อૠ৵ऱ़ၴ:6099k
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-25

5.3.2 apt-get ৈӇЀ઻ȂԊ၆‫ڷ‬ಋଶ

೻‫ف‬Ӗ‫ࡾޟ‬хȂσ྅ོ࢐ձ‫ٺ‬Ң Ubuntu ശலҢ‫֑ޟ‬Ȋ‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ؐޱ‬ЈԤު‫ުؠ‬
഍ོເΙήоήጒ‫پٽ‬Ռଢ଼‫ཱི؁‬ȂषԤԊӒ‫ޟܒ‬୰ᚠ Ubuntu ζོӵ಑Ιਢ໢ᔓ
ձ၌‫ڹؚ‬Ȋ‫ܚ‬о೻ቄԁҢ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂ‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬ԁԁᕢᕢ֑Ȋ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Հሉ :1 http://security.ubuntu.com dapper-security Release.gpg [189B]
Հሉ:2 http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw dapper Release.gpg [189B]
ฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Աᇞ୚ٙࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএխ ‫ګݙ‬ ...
Հ٨ऱ୚ٙຟല‫ޓ‬ᄅ:
gedit gedit-common gnome-about gnome-desktop-data gnome-games gnome-games data
gnome-panel gnome-panel-data
‫ޓ‬ᄅ ଡ୚ٙΔᄅ‫ڜ‬ᇘ ଡ୚ٙΔ‫ܔ‬ೈ ଡ୚ٙΔ‫׼‬լ‫ޓ‬ᄅ ଡ୚ٙΖ
18 0 0 0
ฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ॶӑȂ೻এࡾхϐငӵࠉ७ю౪ΟԁඁԩΟȂ᠞‫ޱ‬σ྅ϐင‫ޣ‬ၾӵཆიΟ֑Ȋ
Ϛႆӵ೻၇ғԒ‫ޟ‬ϭಝѺΙήȊ࿋‫ר‬ঈ‫ ཱི؁‬sources.list ࡣȂ൷ौҢ೻এࡾхӣ
؏‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲΰ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ఼൐Ȟpackage listȟȄ‫ޱܖ‬࿋Ιଲυ‫ؠ‬Ԥୈ೻এଢ଼
հਢȂζौ‫ཱི؁‬ΙήȂӰ࣏թ݈Ꮲΰ‫఼ޟ‬൐џ૖ϐင‫׽‬ᡐΟȄ୅೩ձ‫ؠ‬Ԥୈ೻এ
ଢ଼հȂՄ࡬ѽթ݈ᏢΰԤཱི‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃ٥൷ᆗձ apt-get upgrade ζϚོ‫ཱི؁‬
‫ڗ‬٥‫ޟގཱིٲ‬ৈӇോȊ๋‫ޱ‬এΡ‫ޟ‬ಬᄛ࢐ؐԩ apt-get upgrade оࠉ൷ོӑເΙ
ԩ apt-get updateȂІғζϚҢӻЍਢ໢Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅߓอ୚ٙ஄堚໢
೻এࡾхོ‫ ྱٷ‬/etc/sources.list ၇७‫ܚ‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬ৈӇྛў‫׺‬ৈӇ৲Ȃณࡣོ‫ࣺװ‬
ᜰၥଉԆӵ /var/lib/apt/lists/* ၇७Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆМԅጡᒮᏢࣼ‫ڗ‬Ҭᓃ၇ήӨ
ᔬਰ၇७‫ޟ‬ၥଉȊ
5-26 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

Ѐ઻Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ಑Ιᆍ࢐Шၶ߳ԈԊӒ‫ޟ‬Ѐ઻Ȅࡩঈᇳ‫ڹ‬ȉആႆоήࡾхȂѺӵ
Ѐ઻‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂϚོӰ࣏ौᅖࣺٗ‫ܒٷ‬Մଢ଼‫ڏڗ‬тৈӇȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ౪ӵ A ೺ᡝ࢐ 1.0 ‫ގ‬Ȃ
A ࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇ࢐ B ‫ ڷ‬CȄ౪ӵ‫ف‬ಛΰ၆Ο AȂ‫ܚ‬о࿋ณӰ࣏ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Մ၆Ο B ‫ ڷ‬CȄ
٥Ј A юΟཱི‫ ގ‬2.0ȂѺࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇ࢐ C ‫ ڷ‬DȂи D ‫ ڷ‬B ፐएȄ٥ቄषौ‫ޟཱི؁‬
ၗȂ༖҆ுौԊ၆ D иಋଶ BȄ೻ᆍ‫ཱི؁‬ПԒ࢐ϚོᔓձՌଢ଼ୈ‫ڗ‬೻‫ޟٲ‬ȂѺོ
ᔓձՌଢ଼೎౩٥‫ٲ‬Ϛོӵ‫ཱི؁‬ႆแϛଢ଼‫ڏڗ‬тৈӇ‫ޟ‬Ѐ઻ȄӰԪѺ࢐ࣺᄇԊӒ‫ޟ‬
‫ཱི؁‬Ȃծ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϚҢᐊЖȂष࢐ӵӣΙএ‫ގ‬ҏϱ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ sources.list ഍࢐ edgy
ਢୈԊӒ้‫ཱི؁‬Ȃஅҏΰ‫ف‬ಛᡐଢ଼ϚོЊσȂ‫ܚ‬оҢ೻ᆍ‫ཱི؁‬൷ஊΟോȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get upgrade‫ޓ‬ᄅ޲‫ڶ‬ઌࠉࢤംᠲऱߓอ୚ٙΔຏൄ‫ڇش‬ൄ๵‫ޓ‬ᄅ
#
# ૉਢ‫్֒ڶ‬ᚾழΔߓอᄎം‫܃‬ਢ‫ܡ‬ᒔࡳ్֒Ζ‫܀‬ૉᐊ‫ ڇ‬crontab ۞೯‫ޓ‬ᄅழΔ
# ຍᑌᄎৰլֱঁΔࢬ‫ףאױृᦰא‬Ղ -y ऱ೶ᑇࠐ۞೯‫ڃ‬࿠ yesΖ
# -s ᑓᚵ్֒Δ‫ڼ‬ழᄎྒྷᇢ్֒መ࿓Δ‫ࠀ܀‬լᄎኔᎾ్֒‫܃‬ऱߓอΖ

ष࢐௃ 6.06ȞdapperȟЀ઻‫ ڗ‬6.10ȞedgyȟȂ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ᡐଢ଼ൽ࡙џ૖࡞σȂԪ

ਢԤ‫ޟގཱིٲ‬ৈӇџ૖ሯौԤ᚞Ѵ‫ٷࣺޟ‬ৈӇȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ӱ࣏ຎᔣৈӇ
Ȟmetapackageȟࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇӪᆎ‫׽‬ᡐ้ȂԪਢ‫ف‬ಛЀ઻‫ޟ‬ਢঐሯौ೎౩ཱི‫ޟ‬ৈ
ӇԊ၆‫ڷ‬ᙟ‫ޟ‬ৈӇಋଶȂ٥এ൷ுौҢ೻ᆍЀ઻ПԒȄҥܻџ૖ོԊ၆‫ܖ‬ಋଶ‫ڏ‬
тৈӇȂӰԪ೻এП‫ݲ‬ԤΙᘈॳᓎȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade‫ޓ‬ᄅࢬ‫ߓڶ‬อ୚ٙΔૉ‫ڶ‬ઌࠉࢤംᠲঞᇞެΔ
#
# ૉਢ‫్֒ڶ‬ᚾழΔߓอᄎം‫܃‬ਢ‫ܡ‬ᒔࡳ్֒Ζ‫܀‬ૉᐊ‫ ڇ‬crontab ۞೯‫ޓ‬ᄅழΔ
# ຍᑌᄎৰլֱঁΔࢬ‫ףאױृᦰא‬Ղ -y ऱ೶ᑇࠐ۞೯‫ڃ‬࿠ yesΖ
# -s ᑓᚵ్֒Δ‫ڼ‬ழᄎྒྷᇢ్֒መ࿓Δ‫ࠀ܀‬լᄎኔᎾ్֒‫܃‬ऱߓอΖ

࿋Ѐ઻‫ڗ‬กၐ‫ގ‬ਢȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ԋ၆ཱིৈӇࡣȂζџ૖ӵӻᆍ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬Π໌՝ᔬ౅Ң
ਢȂོഅԙ‫ف‬ಛᒿᇲȞ೽லѫԤӵԊ၆กၐ‫ ޟގ‬Ubuntu ϗོีҡȟȄ೻এਢঐ
ོ౰ҡ࡞ӻᒿᇲଉ਀ȂณࡣᐌএৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ໠ۖ‫ش׺‬ȂԪਢ᠞‫ޱ‬σ྅ζོདौ
ᄭᚽႫသȊ‫ڏ‬ᄂ೻এਢঐџоԫ଻࿋ࣀ଻ᚂȂ࿋‫װ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛཤ௮ΟоࡣȂџ
оၐၐࣼоήѲএࡾх१ፒས଩‫ٺ‬ҢȂԤਢঐઍ‫ޟ‬૖௿ӱ‫پ‬ോȊ٥এ -f ‫ܚ‬фߒ‫ޟ‬
ཎဎ൷࢐ႄ‫ڗ‬ᒿᇲ‫ᝒܖ‬१‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬୰ᚠζўၐყওғȂ೻এ୤ኵӵ apt-get install
‫ ܖ‬apt-get remove ζџо‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-27

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ୚ٙ堚໢
sudo apt-get -f -y upgrade # ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᤉᥛ upgrade
sudo apt-get -f -y dist-upgrade # ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᤉᥛ dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg --configure -a # ૹᄅ๻ࡳհছ‫ڂ‬խឰ࿛ᝫ޲‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ړ‬ऱ୚ٙ
࿋᠞‫ޱ‬ौԊ၆೺ᡝਢȂጂۡΟৈӇӪᆎоࡣȂџо‫ٺ‬ҢоήࡾхȄѺᗙџо໷
߯ᔓձԊ၆‫ࣺޟٷࣺܚ‬ᜰৈӇ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ>
sudo apt-get install < # ۞೯‫ڜ‬ᇘࢬਐࡳऱ୚ٙ
# ᦰृ‫אױ‬ຘመ -y ሂመᒔࡳᇬംΖ-f ൎ૰ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᇢထଥ‫ڜإ‬ᇘΖ
# -s ᑓᚵ‫ڜ‬ᇘΔ‫ڼ‬ழᄎྒྷᇢ‫ڜ‬ᇘመ࿓Δ‫ࠀ܀‬լᄎኔᎾ‫ڜ‬ᇘࠩ‫ߓ܃‬อՂΖ
# ‫ڶ‬ழଢਬ୚ٙ‫ڜ‬ᇘᙑᎄΔ‫܀‬ਢ،ऱૹ૞ࢤৰ೏Δ‫ݺ‬ଚྤऄ‫ނ‬،‫ܔ‬ೈ৵
# ٦ૹᄅ‫ڜ‬ᇘΔ߷‫ݺ‬ଚ‫אױ‬ຘመ --reinstall ऱ೶ᑇࠐሒ‫ګ‬Ζۖ -d ऱ೶ᑇਢ
# ‫׽‬ᄎՀሉ deb ୚ٙΔ୚ٙᚾூലᄎ࣋‫ ڇ‬/var/cache/apt/archives ᇙ૿Ζ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install wxvlc
Հ٨ऱμᄅν୚ٙຟല๯‫ڜ‬ᇘΚ
vlc vlc-plugin-alsa
৬ᤜ(Suggested)ऱ୚ٙ:
ttf-thryomanes mozilla-plugin-vlc
ං៺(Recommended)ऱ୚ٙ:
videolan-doc
Հ٨ऱμᄅν୚ٙຟല๯‫ڜ‬ᇘΚ
vlc vlc-plugin-alsa wxvlc
‫ޓ‬ᄅ 0 ଡ୚ٙΔᄅ‫ڜ‬ᇘ 3 ଡ୚ٙΔ‫ܔ‬ೈ 0 ଡ୚ٙΔ‫׼‬լ‫ޓ‬ᄅ 0 ଡ୚ٙΖ
ฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ӵ 5.1.4 ࿽ඪ‫ڗ‬ȂҢ dpkg ಋଶ೺ᡝਢȂԤΙᆍ࢐ѫಋଶৈӇծϚಋଶ೩ۡᔬȂ

ԪਢৈӇ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘ࢐ rcȄѪѴΙᆍ࢐‫ׇ‬ӒಋଶȂζ൷࢐ৈӇ‫ڷ‬೩ۡᔬ഍஠ོೝಋ
ଶȊ‫ܚ‬оҢ APT ‫پ‬ಋଶৈӇζ࢐ԤϷ೻‫ڍ‬ᆍȄՄҢ apt-get remove ШҢ dpkg -r
‫ ܖ‬dpkg -R ᗙौП߯‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐Ȃ࿋ৈӇ A ࣺ‫ܻٷ‬ৈӇ BȂৈӇ B ࣺ‫ܻٷ‬ৈӇ CȂ
ष‫ר‬ঈौಋଶৈӇ CȂ‫ٺ‬Ң dpkg ‫ف‬ಛಋଶৈӇ C ਢȂོю౪ឌ֙Ȃ֙ວձӰ࣏
ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬ᒿᇲϚᡱձಋଶȄԪਢձுौ௃ A ৈӇȂB ৈӇณࡣ࢐ C ৈӇ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬໷‫ו‬
5-28 ಑ ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ
5

ᄚᄚ‫ޟ‬Ң dpkg ўಋଶȄष࢐௴Ң apt ‫ف‬ಛ‫پ‬ಋଶৈӇȂ٥ቄџо‫ޢ‬௥ಋଶ௬ৈ

Ӈ CȂи‫ف‬ಛོՌଢ଼ॎᆗࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Ȃζ‫װ‬ৈӇ A ‫ ڷ‬B ಋଶോȊ
ࡾхȈ
୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ>
sudo apt-get remove < # ۞೯ฝೈࢬਐࡳऱ୚ٙΔ‫܀‬ఎՀ๻ࡳᚾ
# ᦰृ‫אױ‬ຘመ -y ሂመᒔࡳᇬംΔ-f ൎ૰ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᇢထଥ‫إ‬ฝೈΖ
# -s ᑓᚵฝೈΔ‫ڼ‬ழᄎྒྷᇢฝೈመ࿓Δ‫ࠀ܀‬լᄎኔᎾฝೈ୚ٙΖ

ࡾхȈ
୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ۞೯ฝೈࢬਐࡳऱ୚ٙΔ‫׊‬ฝೈ๻ࡳᚾ
sudo apt-get --purge remove <
# ᦰृ‫אױ‬ຘመ -y ሂመᒔࡳᇬംΔ-f ൎ૰ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᇢထଥ‫إ‬ฝೈΖ
# -s ᑓᚵฝೈΔ‫ڼ‬ழᄎྒྷᇢฝೈመ࿓Δ‫ࠀ܀‬լᄎኔᎾฝೈ୚ٙΖ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -r wxvlc
dpkgΚ‫࣍ط‬ઌࠉംᠲऱᒴਚΔ լ౨๯‫ܔ‬ೈΚ
wxvlc
ઌࠉ࣍ wxvlc.
vlc
dpkgΚ๠෻ wxvlc (--remove)ழ‫נ‬ᙑΚ
ઌࠉࢤ‫נ‬ᙑ - ലլ‫ܔ‬ೈ
‫ڇ‬๠෻ழ‫ڶ‬ᙑᎄ࿇‫س‬Κ
wxvlc
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get remove wxvlc
Աᇞ୚ٙࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএխ ‫ګݙ‬ ...
Հ٨ऱ୚ٙຟല๯μ‫ܔ‬ೈνΚ
vlc vlc-plugin-alsa wxvlc
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ wxvlc ...
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ vlc ...
‫ܔڇإ‬ೈ vlc-plugin-alsa ...
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

࿋Ԋ၆ৈӇ‫فڷ‬ಛ‫ཱི؁‬ਢȂ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇོӑೝήၷ‫ ڗ‬/var/cache/apt/archives ‫ޟ‬

‫ڥפ‬ҬᓃȂณࡣӔೝԊ၆ȄӵԊ၆ࡣ೻‫ٲ‬኷Ԇ‫ޟ‬ৈӇϚོՌଢ଼ւଶȄ೻এҳཎҏ
‫ي࢐پ‬ԁΟȂ࢐࣏Ο࢚‫ٲ‬ᓜቶϚٗ‫ޟ‬ҢИџо‫ޢ‬௥ࢀٔ೻এҬᓃ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ৈӇᔬ‫ڗ‬
‫ڏ‬тᐠᏢȂՄϚሯौ१ཱིήၷȄծषձឈு೻‫ٲ‬ᔬਰЊћު໢ȂϚሯौӔ߳੼Ȃ
џоՃኌ‫װ‬ѺঈಋଶȄಋଶ‫ޟ‬ПԒԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ಑Ιᆍ࢐‫ׇ‬ӒಋଶȂ಑Πᆍ࢐߳੼࿋
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-29

ࠉ‫ف‬ಛΰҢ‫ޟڗ‬ৈӇȂՄѫւଶᙟ‫ޟގ‬Ȅ๋‫ޱ‬এΡ࢐ད‫ڗ‬൷ོў apt-get clean

ΙήȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get clean # ฝೈࢬ‫ڶ‬ऱ୚ٙᑉ‫ژ‬ᚾ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get autoclean # ฝೈ៱ठऱࢬ‫ڶ‬୚ٙᑉ‫ژ‬ᚾ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@www:~$ ls /var/cache/apt/archives/
apache2-common_2.0.55-4ubuntu2.1_i386.deb
apache2-mpm-prefork_2.0.55-4ubuntu2.1_i386.deb
firefox_1.5.dfsg+1.5.0.5-0ubuntu6.06_i386.deb
ฃ
dbtsai@www:~$ sudo apt-get clean
dbtsai@www:~$ ls /var/cache/apt/archives/
lock partial
dbtsai@www:~$

அҏΰΟ၌оΰϱৠȂலҢ‫ ޟ‬apt-get ђ૖ᔖ၎‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠΟȄѺᗙԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᜰܻ

ήၷনۖጆ‫ڷ‬௃নۖጆ‫ޢ‬௥ጡឍԙৈӇ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȂӰ࣏࢐໌໦иߑᏰ‫ޱ‬ϚலҢ‫ڗ‬Ȃ
‫ڷ‬೻᜞ζฒ‫ݲ‬ԙ࣏࡞೿ೱ‫ޟ‬ണ࿽Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬஠೻‫ٲ‬؅ਟᐿҳ‫ ڗ‬5.5 ࿽Ȅ

5.3.3 apt-file оᔬਰ‫ײ‬ৈӇ

ӑࠉඪႆȂџоആႆ dpkg -S ‫پ‬Ң‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ࢥپ‬ၚ࢐঺এৈӇඪ‫ޟټ‬Ȅծ
೻এПԒ࢐ବᄇϐငԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇϗԤਝȄႄ‫ڗ‬оήᄞቑਢȂ೽ல࢐ીЍᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԋ၆
‫ޟ‬ৈӇ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ޟټ‬ᔬਰȂԪਢ dpkg -S ൷՗Ϛ೽ΟȄ୅ԃ‫ר‬ঈӵጡឍแԒਢȂ‫ف‬ಛ
‫רڷ‬ঈܲࡪીΙஂ .h ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞᔬȂଶΟҢ google ‫࢐ײ‬٥এৈӇඪ‫ޟټ‬ȂᗙԤϧቄ
ᒲ‫ݲ‬༝ȉ඲এൟශȂዣொᆩᆓ‫ޟ‬ΡȂΙۡலலቸ shell script ‫پ‬ᆓ౩ՌϏ‫ޟ‬кᐠȂ
Ԥਢঐོ‫ה‬ఖ‫װ‬Ι‫ٲ‬कᓃᔬ E-Mail ‫ڗ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ழဴȂо߯ඡණ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ
೽லӵ shell script ၇७‫ר‬ঈ഍଩ӫ mail ೻এࡾх‫پ‬ச߬Ȃծ࢐᠞‫ีོޱ‬౪ӵ
Ubuntu ϱȂႱ೩ਲ਼ҏ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೻এࡾх୭ȊҢ apt-cache search mailȂю౪ΟΙσ
5-30 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ஂৈӇȂЈ୭Ȋ።‫ޣ‬ၾौ၆٥এ୭Ȋ೻ਢঐ೻এђ૖൷࡞ԤҢȂ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆϐ
‫ޟޣ‬ஈ՗ᔬȃМӇȃ‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲ȃ኿ᓞᔬ้Ңᔬਰ‫ײپ‬ৈӇോȊ
ॶӑौԊ၆ apt-file ೻ৈแԒȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install apt-file

᜸խܻ apt-get ȂѺӵߑԩ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਢঐζौ‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲӣ؏‫ܚ‬ԤৈӇ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ఼

൐ȂՄѺਲ਼ᐃ‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲ఼൐ζ࢐ sources.list ോȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-file update

೻ЛแԒၼհ‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐‫ܚװ‬ԤৈӇ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰӖߒ‫׺‬ю‫پ‬ȂณࡣШᄇ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ࢐оᔬ
ਰၯ৷ёΰᔬӪୈ࣏ೝᜰᗤԅШᄇ‫ޟ‬ԅ՛Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
ᣂ᝶‫>ڗ‬
apt-file search < # ‫א‬ᣂ᝶‫ڗ‬ჼ༈୚ٙ
# ᦰृ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -l ࠐ‫ق᧩׽‬୚ٙΔۖլ᧩‫ق‬ᚾ‫ټ‬Δլመਝྥਢ‫א‬ᚾ‫ބټ‬୚ٙΔ
# ᅝྥਢ᧩‫ق‬ᚾ‫ֺټ‬ለֱঁ೺Μ‫ڂ‬੡ਢኙᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠֺኙΔࢬ‫א‬ቃ๻ਢ‫ڶ‬೴։Օ՛ᐊΔ
# ᦰृ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -i ऱ೶ᑇΔࠐլ։Օ՛ᐊໝΜۖ -F ‫אױ‬ᨃჼ༈ऱழଢᨃᣂ᝶‫ڗ‬
# ࡉ๯ֺኙኙွ‫ݙ‬٤‫ٽܭ‬Ζ

ॶӑၐၐࣼШၶৠܾཪ൶‫ڗ‬ғጂৈӇ‫ޟ‬ᜰᗤԅȂwx.hȄ೻࢐໠ีၮҁѮຜๅแ
Ԓ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ΙএߒᓞᔬȄ‫ۻྱٷ‬ή‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃு‫רޣ‬ঈሯौ၆‫ ࢐ޟ‬wx2.6-headersȄ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-file search wx.h
wx2.4-examples: usr/share/doc/wx2.4-examples/examples/samples/help/doc/wx.htm
wx2.4-headers: usr/include/wx/wx.h
wx2.6-examples: usr/share/doc/wx2.6-examples/examples/samples/help/doc/wx.htm
wx2.6-headers: usr/include/wx-2.6/wx/wx.h
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-31

ծष࢐჋ҏ࿽໠ᓞ٥এ‫ٽ‬υȂ‫ר‬ঈौ‫ ײ‬mail ೻ЛแԒӵ঺এৈӇȂҢΙኺ‫ޟ‬

ПԒཪ൶Ȃ൷խн‫ؠ‬Ԥ٥ቄԁၼΟȊ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-file search mail
a2ps: usr/share/a2ps/sheets/mail.ssh
abiword-help:
usr/share/AbiSuite-2.4/AbiWord/help/en-US/howto/howtomailmerge.html
abiword-help:
usr/share/AbiSuite-2.4/AbiWord/help/en-US/interface/dialogmailmerge.html
ฃመՂ‫۩ۍ‬ΜΜ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ձོี౪๖‫ݎ‬ԤΰԻএߡȊѫौၯ৷‫ܖ‬ᔬӪԤ mail ೻এᜰᗤԅ‫ޟ‬Ȃ഍ོೝཪ

൶ю‫پ‬Ȃଶߨձ࡞ԤञЖ‫ޟ‬ΙএΙএ‫ײ‬ȂϚณ೻ᆍၥଉ࢐‫ؠ‬ϧҢ‫ޟ‬Ȅ๘σഋӋ‫ޟ‬
ஈ՗ᔬ഍࢐ܹӵ /usr/bin ၇७Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈџоၐ๿ౠᔬਰ‫ޟ‬๘ᄇ՝ည࢐
/usr/bin/mailȂ೻ԩၐၐࣼҢѺ‫پ‬࿋ᜰᗤԅȄ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-file search /usr/bin/mail
courier-base: usr/bin/maildiracl
courier-base: usr/bin/maildirkw
esmtp-run: usr/bin/mailq
exim4-daemon-heavy: usr/bin/mailq
‫א‬Հฃ
maildir-filter: usr/bin/maildir-filter

೻ԩЍΟ࡞ӻΟȂѫԤኵ̈এȂծ‫ޟڗײ‬഍࢐ᜰᗤԅࡣ७џоёΰӈཎԅ՛Ȃ
‫ܚ‬оᗙ࢐Ϛ࢐‫ר‬ঈौ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȄ౪ӵџоၐ๿ёΰ -F ‫ޟ‬୤ኵȂᡱԅ՛‫ׇ‬Ӓғጂ‫ޟ‬
ШᄇȂ೻ኺ๎ਰ൷ю‫پ‬ΟমȊ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-file search /usr/bin/mail -F
mailutils: usr/bin/mail
mailx: usr/bin/mail
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$
5-32 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

೻ԩ൷࡞ғጂ‫ޟ‬ѫԤ‫ڍڗײ‬এȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоϷտҢ apt-cache show ўࣼࣼѺঈ

‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂Ȃณࡣ‫ؚۡ‬ौ၆঺ΙএȄӵ๋‫ޟޱ‬թ݈ᏢΰȂ‫࢐ר‬၆ mailxȂ೻ኺ൷૖ആ
ႆࡾх‫پ‬ச‫ف‬ಛकᓃᔬ‫߬ޟޱ๋ڗ‬጑ȂЎ‫ڏ‬ᄇ๋‫ޱ‬೻ᆍᆓΟ࡞ӻѮթ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬Ρ੫
տԁҢോȊ
ശࡣ೻এђ૖Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂ൷࢐᜸խ dpkg -LȂϚႆѺ૖ӖюᗙҐԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇ‫ܚ‬ѓ֤
‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-file list < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ٨‫נ‬୚ٙࢬ‫ܶץ‬ऱᚾூ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-file list wxvlc
wxvlc: usr/bin/wxvlc
wxvlc: usr/lib/vlc/gui/libwxwidgets_plugin.so
wxvlc: usr/share/applications/vlc.desktop
wxvlc: usr/share/doc/wxvlc
ฃ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

5.3.4 apt-key ߜᢒᆓ౩

ष᠞‫ޱ‬Ϛӵ Ubuntu ၇७‫ٺ‬Ң᚞Ѵ‫ۢߨޟ‬ПৈӇྛȂ‫ܖ‬ᄇܻৈӇԊӒ‫ؠܒ‬ᑹ፸
‫ޱ‬Ȃ೻Ιω࿽џо౱ႆȂϚོ෵Ѝᄇܻࡣ७Ᏸಬ‫ޟ‬೿ೱ‫ܒ‬ോȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ԥުӵӱ‫پ‬ᄚ
ᄚࠢᔁ֑Ȋ
᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨ོԁ‫ۉ‬ȂUbuntu ࡩቄ૖߳ᜌӒжࣨ٥ቄӻѮ mirror મඪ‫ޟټ‬ৈӇϚ
࢐ငႆԤЖ‫ޟ‬ᓧࡊΣ߭‫׽؁‬Ȃ‫ޱܖ‬ᓧࡊՌϏ࢜ΙѮ mirror મȂӔҢ DNS ਎ࡻ‫ޟ‬
ПԒȂ‫װ‬ձЕᏲ‫ڗ‬тՌϏ࢜‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲ΰȂ‫ٮ‬ӵձ‫ف‬ಛ‫ཱི؁‬ਢ໷߯ේΣࡣߞȄ
ӵ Debian ‫ ڷ‬Ubuntu ௴Ң᛫ണ‫ޟ‬ПԒ‫پ‬၌‫ؚ‬೻এ୰ᚠȄ᛫ണџоᜌ݂೻‫ٲ‬ৈ
Ӈᔬ࢐ҥ Ubuntu ۢП‫ܚ‬юȂՄ‫ؠ‬ԤငႆտΡ‫ܚ‬ᑡ‫׽‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬и೻এ᛫ണ࢐ၭ๿ৈӇ
ΙଔເȂϚᆓເ‫঺ڗ‬Ιএ mirror મȂ഍ฒ‫׽ݲ‬ᡐ‫ޟ‬Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬೻এৈӇᔬೝԤЖΡρ
ও‫׽‬ёΣࡣߞȂ٥ቄ೻এ᛫ണ஠ོѶਝȂԪਢ APT ‫ف‬ಛ൷ོրտю೻এৈӇင
ႆΡড়‫׽‬ଢ଼ȂՄඪюឌ֙Ȅ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-33

‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬᛫ണȂ࢐ആႆߜᢒ‫ޟ‬ђ૖‫پ‬ႀԙȄ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ߜޟ‬ᢒԤ‫ڍ‬ହᢒୠȂΙହ࢐‫ؽ‬ᢒ
ȞPrivate KeyȟȂѪѴΙହ࢐ϴᢒȞPublic keyȟȂՄϴᢒ‫ؽڷ‬ᢒ࢐Ιᄇ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬
и࢐Ιଔ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ȅߜᢒё஝‫ޟ‬அᙃ࢐Ȃ࿋‫ר‬ঈҢ‫ؽ‬ᢒᄇΙࢲଉ਀ё஝ࡣȂ‫ר‬ঈѫ
૖Ңϴᢒ‫װ‬Ѻ၌໠ȂІϞԃԪȄӰԪ‫ڏ‬ᄂϴᢒ‫ؽڷ‬ᢒ‫ڏ‬ᄂӴ՝࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃ൷ࣼձ
ौ‫঺װ‬Ι‫װ‬࿋ԙϴᢒȂ঺Ι‫װ‬࿋ԙ‫ؽ‬ᢒȄ೻ᆍё஝ПԒ൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ߨޟ‬ᄇᆎԒ஝ጆ
‫ف‬ಛȄ࿋ณ᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨ོឈு‫܏ۉ‬Ȃ౩፣ΰ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޣ‬ၾΙ‫װ‬ϴᢒࡣȂᔖ၎࢐џоᆗю
Ι‫ؽװ‬ᢒ‫ڷ‬೻‫װ‬ϴᢒ֛ӫȂ೻ኺϚ൷ક၌Οიȉ‫ޟ‬ጂԃԪȂϚႆоΙ‫װ‬ᢒୠᆗю
ԙᄇ‫ޟ‬ѪѴΙ‫װ‬ᢒୠ࢐ඁнϚџ૖ӵԤ३‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ϱॎᆗю‫ޟپ‬Ȃо౪ӵ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ૖
ΨȂક၌Ι‫װ‬ଽ՝ϯ‫ޟ‬ᢒୠȂ഍ौኵ̈ԑ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻ᆍё஝‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫ܒ‬кौ
࢐‫ٷ‬ᒦܻ௃ϴᢒ௰ю‫ؽ‬ᢒ‫ޟ‬ॎᆗ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȅծ‫ؠ‬ԤΡ߳ᜌ݂Ј‫ޟ‬Ⴋသऋ‫׬‬Ϛ
ོएॴౡ໌Ȃഅԙџоӵӫ౩‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ϱક၌ߜᢒȂծҬࠉ೻ᆍё஝ПԒϫณ࢐
࡞џᎬ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
‫ר‬ঈԃդആႆ೻ᆍ‫ف‬ಛ‫໌پ‬՗ફ஝೽ଉ‫ڹ‬ȉᖞ‫ ٽ‬A ‫ ڷ‬B ौ໌՗ફ஝೽ଉȂՄ A
‫ ڷ‬B ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ഍ϐငϴշю‫پ‬Ȃ‫܄‬Ԫ഍‫ޣ‬ၾΟȄԪਢ A џоҢ B ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ‫װ‬ौ༈๝ B
‫ޟ‬ଉ਀ё஝ȂԃԪ೻ࢲଉ਀ѫԤҢ B ‫ؽޟ‬ᢒϗ૖၌໠ȂӰՄႀ‫ڗ‬ફ஝೽ଉ‫ޟ‬ौ
ؑȄӣ౩ȂB ौ༈ફ஝ଉ਀๝ AȂ൷Ң A ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒё஝ȂԃԪ൷ѫԤ A ૖၌໠೻ࢲ
МԅȄ೻ζ࢐࣏ϧቄ‫ؽ‬ᢒ࡞१ौΟȂ೻ᆍё஝ПԒԊӒ࡙൷ࣼ‫ؽ‬ᢒԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥ߳ᆓ
ԁȄᖂϞȂϴᢒџоϴշюўȂ๝ູӻΡ‫ޣ‬ၾζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȃծ‫ؽ‬ᢒ൷ौՌϏԁԁ߳
ᆓȂ๘Ϛ૖ѴࣉȄ
ӵৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛϛȂ௴Ң‫ޟ‬᛫ണ‫ف‬ಛё஝‫ޟ‬ད‫ࠉڷݲ‬७ફ஝೽ଉতԁІөȄष
ौጂۡᔬਰ࢐௃ۢП‫ޟپ‬ȂԪਢۢПಢᙑོҢ‫ؽ‬ᢒё஝Ȃ೻ਢѫԤϴᢒ૖ஊ၌
஝Ȅ࿋ Ubuntu Ң‫ؽ‬ᢒё஝ΙࢲМԅࡣȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џоҢ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒў‫װ‬Ѻ၌
໠‫پ‬Ȅծष࢐ᓧࡊ‫ؠ‬Ԥ Ubuntu ‫ؽޟ‬ᢒȂᓍ߯Ңএᢒୠё஝Ȃ٥ቄ‫ר‬ঈҢ Ubuntu
‫ޟ‬ϴᢒў၌஝Ȃོю౪ѶఁȄӰԪѫौ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ࢐ғጂ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ൷џоրᘞᔬ
ਰ‫ܖ‬Мԅ࢐֏࢐ҥ Ubuntu ۢПю‫ޟپ‬Ȅ
୰ᚠ࢐ആႆ‫ؽ‬ᢒё஝‫ޟ‬ᔬਰོᡐσȂиᓍ๿ᔬਰσωູσȂҢϴᢒ၌஝‫ޟ‬ਢ໢
ູ‫ߝູپ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ܚװ‬ԤৈӇᔬё஝࢐Ϛϸᄂሬ‫ޟ‬Ȅ೻၇Ԥএᡐ೽‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ࢐ᡱ‫ܚ‬
Ԥ‫ޟ‬ΡϚᆓԤ‫ؠ‬ԤϴᢒȂ഍џо‫ޣ‬ၾᔬਰϱৠȂζ൷࢐౪ӵৈӇᔬϚё஝Ȃѫौ
Ԥᒲ‫ݲ‬ጂۡ࢐ۢП‫ޟ‬൷ԁΟȄ೻൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬ኵ՝᛫ണ‫ف‬ಛȂџо߳ᜌၥਟ࢐ձ‫ܚ‬
እቸȂ᜸խܻ‫ר‬ঈ᛫ӪȂᗶณϱৠσড়഍ࣼ‫ڗޟ‬Ȃծ࢐џоҢ๋ၬ‫پ‬ᇯю࢐።᛫
Ӫ‫ޟ‬ȄП‫ר࢐ݲ‬ঈᄇܻौ᛫ണ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰհ൐ө hashȂ‫ٽ‬ԃҢ MD5 hashȂณࡣ‫װ‬
5-34 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

hashࡣ‫ޟ‬঄Ң‫ؽ‬ᢒё஝ȄՄᡛᜌ‫ޟ‬ΡѫौҢϴᢒጂۡ٥ࢲೝё஝‫ ޟ‬MD5 hash

࢐֏࢐ҥ‫ؽ‬ᢒ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬иџо‫װ‬Ѻ၌஝ࡣӔᄇМӇୈΙԩ MD5 hashȂԃ‫ڍݎ‬
এ hash ‫ޟ‬঄഍ΙኺȂ٥фߒ࢐ҏΡቸ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ؠ‬Ԥೝᑡ‫׽‬ႆȄ
ᄂሬΰ Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ࢐Ң MD5 ‫ڷ‬᛫ണ‫ف‬ಛ‫پ‬଩ӫୈᡛᜌȄ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬
ৈӇᔬ഍ོ౰ҡ MD5 hashȂ೻‫ ٲ‬MD5 ጆџоᔮࢥৈӇ࢐֏‫ׇ‬ᐌȂ࢐֏ೝ‫׽‬ႆȄ
࿋ৈӇೝও‫׽‬ႆՄ౰ҡΙኺ‫ ޟ‬MD5 ጆ࢐ඁнϚџ૖‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈџоҢԪ঄‫پ‬
ᡛᜌৈӇ‫ׇޟ‬ᐌ‫ܒ‬Ȅ౪ӵ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ࢐ԃդԊӒ༈ሎ೻‫ ٲ‬MD5 hash ঄ȂП‫ݲ‬൷࢐᛫
ണ‫ف‬ಛΟȄӵ APT ‫ف‬ಛϛȂ࿋‫ר‬ঈୈ apt-get update ਢȂོөৈӇ৲‫ڥ‬ு‫ڍ‬এ
ᔬਰȂRelease ‫ ڷ‬Release.gpgȄӵ Release ၇७ѓ֤ΟৈӇ৲‫ܚ‬Ԥ deb ৈӇ‫ޟ‬
MD5 hashȂՄ߳ራ Release ࢐‫ؠ‬ೝᑡ‫׽‬ႆ‫ޟ‬П‫࢐ݲ‬ആႆ Release.gpgȂζ൷࢐
᛫ണȄRelease.gpg ѓ֤ΟۢПᄇ Release ୈ൐ө hash ࡣӔҢ‫ؽ‬ᢒё஝‫ޟ‬ၥଉȄ
ӰԪ‫ר‬ঈџоҢϴᢒ‫پ‬ᡛᜌ Release.gpg ࢐֏ҥ‫ؽ‬ᢒ‫ܚ‬ё஝‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬Ң၌ю‫ޟپ‬ၥ
ଉӔᄇ Release ᡛᜌ࢐֏ೝᑡ๝ႆȄ
೻‫ٲ‬౩፣ӵၥώ‫ف‬஝ጆᏰ഍ौᏰΙᏰ෈Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻၇ѫ૖ᙏ౱‫ޟ‬ளႆȄ१ᘈ࢐ѫ
ौ‫ޣ‬ၾѺ૖߳ራձήၷ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᔬ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥೝᑡ‫׽‬ႆ‫ޟ‬൷՗ΟȄоή‫ר‬ঈौᇳ݂ᄂ୛
ΰौԃդᆓ౩ APT ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȄ
‫ר‬ঈӑӖю APT ‫ف‬ಛҬࠉԤ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒࣼࣼȂ࿋ณ Ubuntu ৈӇ৲‫ܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ϴᢒӵձ
Ԋ၆ԁ‫ف‬ಛࡣȂ൷ϐင၆ԁ୨Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-key list # ٨‫ נ‬APT ߓอࢬࠌ‫ش‬ऱֆᨤ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub 1024D/437D05B5 2004-09-12 # 1024D ‫ڼ‬᥏‫ז‬।ထ८ᨤᖑ‫ ृڶ‬IDΔ437D05B5 ‫ڼ‬᥏ਢ८ᨤ
ਐె
uid Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <ftpmaster@ubuntu.com>
sub 2048g/79164387 2004-09-12

pub 1024D/FBB75451 2004-12-30

uid Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <cdimage@ubuntu.com>
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-35

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ձོี౪ APT ‫ف‬ಛΰҬࠉԤ‫װڍ‬ϴᢒȂΙ‫࢐װ‬๝ӎᆅҢ‫ޟ‬ȂѪѴΙ‫࢐װ‬๝ৈ

Ӈ৲‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ȄՄ‫ר‬ঈ‫ف‬ಛҢுԁԁ‫ޟ‬Ȃཆიᗙौ၆ཱི‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ‫ڹ‬ȉலலߜᢒ഍ོ
೩ඁԑ‫߳ޟ‬Ԇ෈३ȂᗗջԤЖΡҢ຺઻Ⴋသ௃ϴᢒᆗю‫ؽ‬ᢒȄ೻ᆍߜᢒႆ෈‫ޟ‬௑
‫ל‬ӵ Debian ൷ีҡႆȂඁԑࠉ Debian ൷඲ႆߜᢒᏲम࡞ӻΡৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛฒ
‫ཱི؁ݲ‬Ȅ‫רޱܖ‬ঈலலёΣএΡ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲Ȃтঈ࿋ณ‫ؠ‬Ԥ Ubuntu ‫ؽޟ‬ᢒȞ೻џ
࢐ Ubuntu ശ߳஝‫ٱޟ‬௑‫ڹ‬ȊȟȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ൷ฒ‫ݲ‬ᡛᜌ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇ৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬
о‫ר‬ঈ൷ுौЙଢ଼‫ࣺװ‬ᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ၆ΰўȄ
‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫࡞ޱ‬൉᠍ӵ‫ ޟר‬Ubuntu ΰёΰ Debian unstable ‫ ڷ‬experiment ‫ޟ‬নۖ
ጆৈӇྛȂ೻ኺ‫ר‬џоആႆৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼ጡឍശཱི‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ࿋ณӵ Ubuntu
၇७‫ؠ‬Ԥ Debian ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȂԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃོ౰ҡᒿᇲଉ਀Ȅ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org.tw/debian experimental main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org.tw/debian unstable main

deb http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted

deb-src http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main multiverse

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update

Հሉ :2 http://ftp.debian.org.tw unstable Release.gpg [189B]
Հሉ:9 http://ftp.debian.org.tw unstable Release [38.3kB]
խၴฃ
W: GPG error: http://ftp.debian.org.tw unstable Release: The following signatures
couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY
010908312D230C5F

W: ‫ش‬ψapt-get -f installωਐ‫ࢨח‬๺౨ଥ‫إ‬ຍࠄംᠲΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

Ԫਢ‫ف‬ಛܲࡪ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ϴᢒȞNO_PUBKEY 010908312D230C5FȟȄ‫ܖ‬೨᠞‫ོޱ‬
ឈு‫܏ۉ‬Ȃϴᢒ٥ቄ฻Ϛ࢐Ιήυ൷ོೝક၌Ο༝ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ٥Ϛ࢐ϴᢒȂՄ࢐ߜᢒ
5-36 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ࡾ઴‫ޟ‬ശࡣ 16 ጆȄΙૡଽ՝ϯ‫ߜޟ‬ᢒȂϴᢒσωོԤ 2K оΰȂ೻ኺषौ๝տΡ

ϴᢒଶߨ࢐Ңᆄа༈ȂϚณฒ‫࡞ݲ‬ৠܾ༈ሎȄདདࣼ 2K џоकᓃΙνӻএϛМ
ԅडȊᖂϚ૖୴๝տΡ᠙֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬оԤΡ൷ད‫ڗ‬ΙএҺ඲ϴᢒ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂցҢ key
server ‫پ‬༈ሎȄ‫ר‬ঈӑᄇߜᢒ‫ڥ‬੫኉঄Ȃு‫ڗ‬Ιಢߜᢒࡾ઴ȂԤ 40 ጆȂؐΙጆ
഍࢐௃ 0 ‫ ڗ‬FȂӧϲ໌՝ߒҰȄณࡣ‫ר‬ঈџо‫װ‬ϴᢒΰ༈‫ ڗ‬key serverȂ‫ڏ‬т
ΡѫौᏵߜᢒࡾ઴൷џоήၷȂ೻ኺ൷၌‫ؚ‬ΟྮΡ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒҺ඲୰ᚠȄ
‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ߜޟޱ‬ᢒ࢐ DSA + Elgamal 4096bitsȂՄ‫ޟר‬ᢒୠၥଉԃήȈ
๋‫ߜޟޱ‬ᢒȈ
pub 1024D/91AFDF6C 2006-08-02
८ᨤਐె = A612 E53D DE36 5627 4F60 665D 2451 ACB6 91AF DF6C
uid Dung-Bang Tsai (dbtsai) <dbtsai@gmail.com>
sub 4096g/A1F68A40 2006-08-02

๋‫ޱ‬౰ҡΟߜᢒࡣȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ 1024D/91AFDF6C ࢐‫ר‬ঈശலҢ‫ޟ‬Ȅࠉ७‫ޟ‬

1024D ࢐௃๋‫ޟޱ‬Ӫυ‫ ڷ‬E-Mail ᆗю‫پ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ User IDȄࡣ७‫ ޟ‬91AFDF6C
࢐ߜᢒࡾ઴ࡣΤጆȄᐌএಢӫଔ‫پ‬൷࢐ձ‫ߜޟ‬ᢒ IDȄ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ϴᢒϐငΰ༈‫ ڗ‬key server ΰȂ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆߜᢒࡾ઴ࡣΤጆήၷ‫ڗ‬၎ߜ
ᢒ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬ήၷ๋‫ޟޱ‬ϴᢒȈ
ࡾхȈ
gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys < ८ᨤਐె>
# ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ‫אױ‬ᙇᖗࠡ‫ה‬ऱΔຍࠄ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴຟᄎյઌ‫ޡٵ‬Ζ
# ࢬ‫ א‬eu ‫אױ‬ང‫ ګ‬us cz de ࿛Ζ
# ۖ८ᨤਐె່֟૞ 8 ᒘΔࢨ 16 ᒘΔՈ‫ݙאױ‬ᖞऱ‫ ش‬40 ᒘࠐՀሉֆᨤΖ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 91AFDF6C
gpg: ‫ڇإ‬ᓮ‫ޣ‬८ᨤ ۞ ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ
91AFDF6C hkp wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net
gpg: ८ᨤ 91AFDF6C: ֆᨤ "Dung-Bang Tsai (dbtsai) <dbtsai@gmail.com>" բ๯ႪԵ gpg:
᜔٥๯๠෻ऱᑇၦ: 1
gpg: բႪԵ: 1
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ gpg --list-key
/home/dbtsai/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-37

-------------------------------
pub 1024D/91AFDF6C 2006-08-02
uid Dung-Bang Tsai (dbtsai) <dbtsai@gmail.com>
sub 4096g/A1F68A40 2006-08-02
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ӱ‫ڗ‬кᚠȂ‫ר‬ঈӑࠉፙЅौήၷ Debian ৈӇ৲‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȂਲ਼ᐃᒿᇲଉ਀

NO_PUBKEY 010908312D230C5FȂࡣ७٥Ι՛൷࢐ߜᢒࡾ઴Ȅ‫ר‬ঈџоຮΰശ
ࡣ 8 ጆȂ‫ ޱܖ‬16 ጆ‫پ‬ήၷȄ
഼௱գԴ‫ڹ‬ӡࠛᣑߞϠൌྻϯཇҁߞгᣑۖ֨‫އ‬ᐡϯȂॶૌߞٟգϯ
ཇߞ႖ȂබӅ༷۶ႍਇԆ਱ߞᇯ᠕߰૶ۤȄ
‫ڥ‬ு Debian ৈӇ৲ϴᢒȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys
010908312D230C5F
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ gpg --list-key
/home/dbtsai/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
-------------------------------
pub 1024D/2D230C5F 2006-01-03 [ መཚ: 2007-02-07]
uid Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (2006) <ftpmaster@debian.org>

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ҥܻ APT ‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ϴᢒӖߒ‫ ڷ‬gpg ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒӖߒ࢐Ϸտᐿҳ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬

о౪ӵौ‫ װ‬gpg ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒ༘ю‫ ڗ‬APT ‫ف‬ಛȄԃоή༘ю Debian ϴᢒ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
ࡾхȈ
gpg --armor --export < ८ᨤਐె> | sudo apt-key add - # Ⴊ‫נ‬ֆᨤࠩ APT
஠ততήၷ‫ ޟ‬Debian ϴᢒ༘Σ APT ‫ف‬ಛȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ gpg --armor --export 010908312D230C5F | sudo apt-key add -
gpg: ޲‫ࠩބڶ‬ٚ۶ኧࢍॾٚऱ८ᨤ
OK
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
5-38 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

--------------------
pub 1024D/437D05B5 2004-09-12
uid Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <ftpmaster@ubuntu.com>sub
2048g/79164387 2004-09-12

pub 1024D/FBB75451 2004-12-30

uid Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <cdimage@ubuntu.com>

pub 1024D/2D230C5F 2006-01-03 [ መཚ: 2007-02-07]

uid Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (2006) <ftpmaster@debian.org>

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ष࢐ӵթ݈Ꮲΰ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоቸ߬ўौȂѺོ๝ձт‫ޟ‬ϴᢒȂσ
मΰߝு჋оήጒ‫ٽ‬ΙኺȈ
ϴᢒጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2.2 (GNU/Linux)

mQGiBEO6XBMRBACFyOjxs17kkn0dnzRlMDHFZwcLR3A0xACvC97jbmSvuiH2J1Ku
R1JkFqCNGv3yzvtjfLMRrNfmIgitOOaPmjK4erQoXM2cyrHlsk/OXLM2aGcR8PGE
ฃ
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

᠞‫װޱ‬ѺԆԙМԅᔬ debian.asc оࡣȂџоആႆоήࡾх༘ΣȈ

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-key add debian.asc

ष࢐᠞‫ޱ‬ौւଶϴᢒȂџоആႆоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-key del < ८ᨤਐె>
࿋ณߜᢒ‫ٺޟ‬ҢϚѫӵ೻၇Ȃѫौ࢐ԤᜰܻԊӒ‫ޟܒ‬ഋӋȂ഍லலَ‫ڗ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ᖃ
ኇȂ‫ོޱ๋ࡣ܁‬ӵӨᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢሴ୿Ӕԩϭಝ‫ڗ‬ȂϚႆন౩σम൷ԃҏ࿽‫ܚ‬ఄ
क़‫ޟ‬Ȅ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-39

5.3.5 ‫ف‬ಛЀ઻ᇄ‫؁‬ଢ଼
‫ގ‬ҏ ໠ีфဴ ភюਢ໢
4.10 warty 2004 Ր 10 ѡ 20 џ
5.04 hoary 2005 Ր 04 ѡ 08 џ
5.10 breezy 2005 Ր 10 ѡ 13 џ
6.06 dapper 2006 Ր 06 ѡ 1 џ
6.10 edgy 2006 Ր 10 ѡ 26 џ

ӵ Ubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Debian ശ࣏Ρ‫ܚ‬ᆎၾ‫ޟ‬൷࢐ৈӇЀ઻‫ޟ‬П߯‫ܒ‬ȂඡණΟ೻‫׬ٲ‬

ѽȂоࡣ഍ϚሯौӔ१ཱིԊ၆Ȃ൷џоฒฮΙ‫ޢ‬Ѐ઻ήўȊ๋‫ޱ‬೻၇ᖞ‫ٽ‬ȂҬࠉ
‫فޟר‬ಛ࢐ 6.06ȞdapperȟȂՄ Ubuntu ϐငюΟശཱི‫ ގ‬6.10ȞedgyȟȂष‫ר‬
དौ‫ڗཱི؁‬ശཱི‫ގ‬Ȃौࡩቄᒲ‫ڹ‬ȉࣼ‫ׇ‬ΰ७ണ࿽‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃσ྅ϐင‫ޣ‬ၾौࡩኺୈ
Ο֑ȊϚႆ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ϚջौቘѥΙήЀ઻ਢঐሯौ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ޟ‬ಠ࿽ോȊ
ॶӑȂҢձശಬᄛ‫ޟ‬МԅጡᒮᏢўጡᒮ sources.list
ࡾхȈ
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

sources.list ও‫ࠉ׽‬ϱৠȈ
deb http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted
deb-src http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted
‫א‬Հฃ
Ҭࠉ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң dapper ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ܚװ‬Ԥ dapper ‫ޟ‬ӴП‫׽‬ԙ edgyȄ
sources.list ও‫ࡣ׽‬ϱৠȈ
deb http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted
deb-src http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted

deb http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted

5-40 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

deb-src http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted

‫א‬Հฃ
ও‫ׇ׽‬ΟоࡣȂᆧ௥๿ஈ՗ή७‫ڍ‬՗ࡾхȂ‫ٺ‬Ң dist-upgrade ‫ޟ‬নӰ࢐Ӱ࣏‫ގ‬
ҏϞ໢৯౴ЊσȂሯौՃኌӰࣺ‫ܒٷ‬Մ၆ཱིৈӇ‫ܖ‬ಋଶৈӇ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ堚໢ࠩ edgy ऱ୚ٙ஄
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # ԫࡳ૞‫ ش‬dist-upgrade ໝΜ
ष‫ࡣׇཱི؁‬ȂϚ۷ႄ‫ڗ‬ᒿᇲȂІ᙭‫ޟ‬ၐၐࣼоή 4 এࡾхȂᔖ၎ོԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᔓօ
঵Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ୚ٙ堚໢
sudo apt-get -f -y upgrade # ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᤉᥛ upgrade
sudo apt-get -f -y dist-upgrade # ሖࠩᙑᎄՈᤉᥛ dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg --configure -a # ૹᄅ๻ࡳհছ‫ڂ‬խឰ࿛ᝫ޲‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ړ‬ऱ୚ٙ
‫ف‬ಛЀ઻ࡣȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដᔮࢥ‫ف‬ಛΰ१ौ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣৈӇȞmetapackageȟ࢐֏ԆӵȂ
षϚԆӵ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ࡚ដЙଢ଼Ԋ၆ΰўȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣৈӇ࢐ᄂሬΰ‫ؠ‬Ԥϱৠ‫ޟ‬ȂѺ‫ޟ‬
հҢѫ࢐Ңࣺ‫پܒٷ‬೿๖‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳȂUbuntu Gnome ਹ७‫ގ‬ശ१ौ
‫ ޟ‬metapackage ൷ ࢐ ubuntu-desktop Ȃ ᠞ ‫ ޱ‬џ о Ң apt-cache show
ubuntu-desktop ўࣼѺ‫ڷܒٷࣺޟ‬ৈӇσωȄѺ‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬Ԥ஠ߖኵԻӻএȂ‫ܚ‬
ࣺ‫ޟٷ‬೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇ഍࢐ਹ७ΰ Gnome ᔖҢਢ‫ܚ‬ሯौӑԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ
ӵ‫ف‬ಛ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆‫ׇ‬оࡣȂmetapackage ‫ڏ‬ᄂџоւଶȂ‫ٮ‬Ϛོഅԙձ‫فޟ‬
ಛԤ‫ܚ‬ીഞȄծ१ᘈ࢐षӵୈ१σ‫؁‬ᡐਢȂԃ dapper ‫ ڗ‬edgy ȂԤџ૖೻‫ٲ‬
metapackage Ԥቨёཱི‫ٷࣺޟ‬ৈӇȂՄ࿋ձ‫فޟ‬ಛ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೻‫ ٲ‬metapackageȂོ
അԙ೻‫ཱིٲ‬ৈӇϚོೝԊ၆‫ڗ‬ȂӰԪཱི‫ޟ‬ђ૖ζོ෵ЍȄӰԪ๋‫ޱ‬ᇯ࣏
metapackage ᔖ၎ौ߳੼ӵ‫ف‬ಛΰȂᗶณ‫ف‬ಛषΙ‫ޢ‬ᆰࡻӵΙএ‫ގ‬ҏΰ‫ؠ‬ϧቄ
৯տȂծ࢐ӵୈ‫ف‬ಛ‫ގ‬ҏЀ઻ਢ࢐࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬Ȅ࣏Οጂۡ‫ف‬ಛ‫ؠ‬ԤӰ࣏Ϛџ‫ޟޣ‬ন
Ӱ‫װ‬೻‫ ٲ‬metapackage ‫י‬ҵȂ๋‫ޱ‬ಬᄛ࢐ӵ‫ف‬ಛ‫ގ‬ҏЀ઻ࡣᆧ௥๿ᔮࢥΙԩ
metapackageȂष‫ؠ‬Ԥ၆ΰў‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫װ‬Ѻঈ഍၆ΰ֑Ȋ
 5.3 APTȞAdvanced Package Toolȟ 5-41

ߒ 5.3.1 லҢ‫ ޟ‬metapackage ‫ڷ‬ᇭ‫ف‬ৈӇ

ϱৠ ৈӇӪᆎ
Ubuntu Gnome ੸ব ( metapackage ) ubuntu-desktop
Ubuntu KDE ੸ব ( metapackage ) kubuntu-desktop
Ubuntu XFCE ੸ব ( metapackage ) xubuntu-desktop
௄ӎКћњ෯ໍᕢਇԆȄह‫ڶ‬ᓮϢ‫ޱ‬ѽф Firefox ۶ language-support-zh
OpenOffice ຈߞКћᚙ៌Ȅ ( metapackage )
zh_TW.UTF-8 ۶ zh_CN.UTF-8 ߞ locale ሬ‫ڀ‬њ෯Ȅ language-pack-zh
( ᅁᢜਇԆ )
Ubuntu Gnome ੸বКћᚙ៌ ( ᅁᢜਇԆ ) language-pack-gnome-zh
Ubuntu KDE ੸বКћᚙ៌ ( ᅁᢜਇԆ ) language-pack-kde-zh

‫ٽ‬ԃȂ๋‫ٺޱ‬Ң Gnome ਹ७Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ོޱ‬ӵ dist-upgrade оࡣȂஈ՗оήࡾ

х‫پ‬ጂᇯ ubuntu-desktop ࢐֏ԆӵȄ࿋ณ‫ف‬ಛΰषϐငԆӵ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ོՌଢ଼‫܇‬౱Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ Gnome ோ૿ऱ metapackage
லலԤΡҢ metapackage ‫ޟ‬ПԒӵ server ‫ގ‬ΰ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ၆ຜๅᕗცȂծ࢐
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ีོޱ‬౪ϛМϚَΟȂζ‫ؠ‬ԤᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ȂᡐԙӒ़М‫ߡގ‬Ȋ೻ਢঐϚҢᐊЖȂ
ѫौ၆ΰϛМЛධ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ൷џо၌‫ؚ‬୨ȊԤਢঐӵ‫ف‬ಛ dist-upgrade ࠉȂϛМ‫ޟ‬
metapackage ζོೃӪ‫ּڏ‬ϚَȂᏲमЀ઻ࡣԤ‫ٲ‬ৈӇོીϛМᙚឍȂζџо
ആႆ೻এПԒ၌‫ؚ‬ȄՄ೻၇‫ޟ‬ጒ‫࢐ٽ‬о Gnome ϛМ‫ف‬ಛ࣏кോȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install language-support-zh # ‫ڜ‬ᇘൄ‫ش‬խ֭֮གऱ metapackage
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh # ‫ڜ‬ᇘխ֮ locale ፿ߓ֭ག
sudo apt-get install language-pack-gnome-zh # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ Gnome խ֮៬᤟

ԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ࢐Ң Gnome ‫ޟ‬Ȃџоԃߒ 5.3.1 ўᄆࣼौԊ၆঺এৈӇȂष࢐‫ٺ‬Ңӻ

ᆍਹ७‫ޟ‬Ȃџоؐএ഍ў๝Ѻ၆ΙήȊ
5-42 第 章 套件管理系統
5

5.4 視窗模式的套件管理程式 Synaptic

Synaptic 是一個基於 APT 的前端視窗套件管理程式（ front-end），因為它是

基於 所開發，所以幾乎 APT 系統裡面的所有功能，都可以直接用 Synaptic
APT
來取代喔！更強大的是，它可以直接用滑鼠選擇要安裝的軟體，並且將軟體分
類，找到想要安裝的軟體後，「標記為安裝」後再按「套用」，這時候它就會
自動安裝下載，再也不用辛苦找套件名稱、再執行 apt-get install，因為它是
APT 的 front-end ，所以它所使用的套件庫也是 sources.list 喔！

啟動的方式可以透過桌面上的選單，從系統→管理→Synaptic 套件管理程式來
執行，或很簡單的在文字終端機下打以下指令：
指令：
sudo synaptic

然後讀者可以看到如圖 5.4.1，讀者可以開始東玩玩西玩玩去認識它啦！它已
經是用視窗圖形介面，所以不像用文字介面的套件管理系統一樣冷僻，應該讀者
玩一玩就可以很快上手的。

圖 5.4.1
 5.4 視窗模式的套件管理程式 Synaptic 5-43

如同文字模式的 去更新套件庫的清單，
apt-get update 相同的功能在 Synaptic

面板上的「重新載入」，按了那個按鈕後，如圖 ，就會自動更新套件庫清單。 5.4.2

圖 5.4.2 更新套件庫清單

若要做同等於 的系統更新，可以按面板上標記所有升級，它
apt-get upgrade

就會在各個需要升級的套件上給與標記，如圖 。此時系統還沒有實際的升 5.4.3

級，你還可以對其他要安裝或異動的套件作標記，最後在按下套用，如圖 ， 5.4.4

那麼系統就升級好了，也會對你剛剛額外的異動與安裝作處理喔！

圖 5.4.3 標記所有升級
5-44 第 章 套件管理系統
5

圖 5.4.4 套用剛剛所作的標記

而 有個特色，不論是你勾選了要安裝或要移除的套件後，它都只會
Synaptic

把這些狀態標記起來，而不會選了以後就馬上執行。必須要如圖 按下「套 5.4.4

用」才會真的安裝，移除或升級。這樣有幾個好處，讀者可以指定幾個操作後，
再一次執行，效率上會比較好，並且最後還可以再作一次檢查，看看有沒有選錯
的，然後再套用。
若要安裝軟體也很簡單，你可以從分類裡面去找你想要的軟體，也可以用搜尋
的功能。筆者就舉個很簡單的例子，點選「編輯」裡面的「搜尋」，就可以用關
鍵字尋找套件。找到你要的軟體後，在上面按著就可以如圖 選擇標記為安 5.4.5

裝。你還可以繼續做一些安裝或移除的操作，最後確定了，按下「套用」就會幫
你裝到系統上。
 5.5 從原始碼建立套件 5-45

圖 5.4.5 標記 wxvlc 為安裝

用同樣的方法，也可以移除程式，在標記的時候也有 remove 或 purge 模式可

以選擇，詳細方法，就讓讀者自己品味了喔！它有用 GUI 管理 sources.list 的功
能，也有管理金鑰等選項，有興趣的讀者可以到「設定」裡面去瞧一瞧，應該是
不會太難才是。

5.5 從原始碼建立套件
做為玩 GNU/Linux 的人，免不了要常常去把玩原始碼，自己從原始碼建立套
件。原因或許是因為某個套件還沒有被打包進套件庫，也許是出了新版，但是套
件庫還沒有更新，也有人是因為想要自己編譯套件取得最佳化執行效率。但不幸
的是，這是非常枯燥煩瑣的過程，要自己注意編譯時的函式庫和標頭檔等問題，
所幸這些問題都被 Debian 漂亮的解決了（Ubuntu 也繼承了這個特性 ^_^）。
若是一套軟體的原始碼有支援 Debian 套件管理系統的規則，我們稱為那套軟
體已經 debianize 。但是不可能每套軟體上游（作者所釋出）的原始碼都已經
debianize ，所以 Debian 和 Ubuntu 都有專門的開發者幫這些自由軟體
debianize。debianize 的檔案呈現有點類似 RedHat 系列採用的 SRPM（Source
RPM）方式，裡面除了原始碼以外，還包含很多額外的資訊，告訴套件管理系統
在編譯前要先裝哪些標頭檔和套件，也寫著編譯好的套件，哪個檔案要裝到哪個
位置等資訊。
5-46 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ष೺ᡝনۖጆ࢐‫ޢ‬௥Лධ UbuntuȞdebianizeȟ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೺ᡝ tarball ၌ᔆᕻࡣོԤ

এ debian ‫ޟ‬υҬᓃȂ٥এҬᓃ‫ۻ‬ή൷ܹ࡞ӻѓ၆ৈӇਢ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȄ
ϐင Debianize ‫ ޟ‬gftp নۖጆ࢜ᄺȈ
root@ubuntu:/home/build/deb/gftp/gftp-2.0.18# ls
ABOUT-NLS config.guess src Makefile.in README.html
acinclude.m4 config.h.in debian install-sh mkinstalldirs THANKS
aclocal.m4 config.rpath depcomp intl NEWS TODO
ChangeLog configure gftp.spec Makefile.am README
ChangeLog-old configure.in gftp.spec.in
root@ubuntu:/home/build/deb/gftp/gftp-2.0.18# ls debian/
changelog gftp-common.dirs gftp-gtk.links gftp-text.postinst
compat gftp-common.docs gftp-gtk.menu gftp-text.prerm
control gftp-common.install gftp-text.install rules
root@ubuntu:/home/build/deb/gftp/gftp-2.0.18#

࿋ആႆ apt-get source ‫ڥ‬ு೺ᡝনۖጆਢོԤ 3 এᔬਰȂΙএ࢐೺ᡝΰ෬‫ޟ‬ন

ۖጆȞorig.tar.gzȟȂ೻џо࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ debianizeȂΙএ࢐ওғᔬȞdiff.gzȟȂџо
ӵΰ෬নۖጆёΰ debianize ਢ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰၥଉȂdsc ᔬѓ֤ΟᄇৈӇ‫ޟ‬ජक़
‫ڍࠉڷ‬এᔬਰ‫ ޟ‬MD5 hash ঄Ȅӵ RedHat ၇७Ȃ೻ 3 এၥଉ࢐ಛΙѓӵΙএ
SRPM ᔬȄ

5.5.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-get ‫پ‬௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ

ശᙏ൐‫ڥ‬ுϐင debianize ‫ޟ‬ৈӇনۖጆ൷࢐ആႆ apt-get sourceȄՄи APT
‫ف‬ಛࣥՍ૖ᔓձୈ‫ڗ‬Ԋ၆ࣺᜰጡឍ‫ܚ‬ሯৈӇȄ೻এ‫׬‬ѽ๋‫ޱ‬லலҢӵ‫ڷ‬໠ี‫ގ‬
Ubuntu оЅ Debian experiment ৈӇ৲নۖጆ౅Ң‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬ȄӰ࣏‫ޢ‬௥၆೻‫ٲ‬Ϛ
࢐ବᄇձ‫ف‬ಛ‫ܚ‬ጡឍ‫ޟ‬ৈӇ࡞ৠܾഅԙ‫ف‬ಛཬᚽ‫ޱܖ‬ৈӇϚ૖ஈ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻࢐ᡱ
ձ‫ف‬ಛഋӋЀ઻‫ޟ‬ശԁПԒমȊ
๋‫ޱ‬൷оጒ‫پٽ‬၌ភԁΟȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵቸ೻Ι࿽‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ‫ٺ‬Ң Ubuntu dapper ၇७
‫ܚ‬ѓ֤‫ ޟ‬inkscape 0.43 ‫ގ‬Ȅ೻ৈ೺ᡝ࢐ Linux ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ө໔ᛲყՌҥ೺ᡝȂҏਪ
࡞ӻყ഍࢐ҢѺห‫ڹޟ‬ȊҬࠉശཱི‫ގޟ‬ҏ࢐ 0.44ȂѺԤЛධ๋‫ޱ‬ჲ൴оؑ‫ޟ‬ყቹ
ђ૖Ȅ೻ਢঐ๋‫࢐ޱ‬џо‫ ׺‬tarball ή‫پ‬ጡឍԊ၆Ȃծ࢐೻ኺ൷ฒ‫ݲ‬ցҢৈӇᆓ౩
‫ف‬ಛ‫پ‬ᆓ౩Ȅ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬ौ‫װ‬Ѻ௃নۖጆጡឍԙΠ໌՝ Ubuntu ৈӇȂ೻ኺৈӇᆓ
 5.5 ௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ 5-47

౩‫ف‬ಛ൷џо௡ᆓΟȄԪਢ๋‫ޱ‬άี౪ Ubuntu Edgy ၇७Ԥѓ֤ 0.44 ‫ގ‬Ȃծ࢐

Ѻ‫ޟ‬Π໌՝ᔬӰ࣏ጡឍᕗცϚӣ‫ܚ‬оฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ๋‫ޱ‬Ҭࠉ‫فޟ‬ಛၼհȂӰ࣏Ԫਢ
edgy ᗙ࡞ϚᛧۡȂ๋‫ޱ‬ζϚད‫װ‬ᐌএ‫ف‬ಛЀ઻‫ ڗ‬edgyȄܻ࢐๋‫ װޱ‬sources.list
၇७‫ ޟ‬deb-src ‫׽‬ԙ edgy ‫ޟ‬Ȃ҈ᆗ௃೻၇‫ڥ‬ுϐင debianize ‫ޟ‬নۖጆ‫࡚پ‬ҳ
ৈӇȄ೻ᆍ‫׬‬ѽζџо਌‫پ‬ҢӵጡឍԊ၆ Debian deb-src ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ӵ
Debian ‫ ޟ‬experiment ၇७Ԥ࡞ӻ຺ཱི‫ޖޟ‬ཎџо‫^_^ ޖ‬Ȅ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃӵ 6.06 dapper ‫ۻ‬ήጡឍ 6.10 edgy ‫ ޟ‬inkspace ৈӇȈ

dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list # ‫ ނ‬deb-src ᇙ૿ऱ dapper
‫ګޏ‬ edgy
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ sudo apt-get update # ‫ޓ‬ᄅ୚ٙ堚໢
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ sudo apt-get build-dep inkscape # ۞೯‫ڜ‬ᇘᒳ᤟ inkscape
ࢬᏁ୚ٙ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ sudo apt-get -b source inkscape # Հሉ଺ࡨᒘࠀ‫׊‬ᒳ᤟
# ‫ڼ‬ழૉ޲‫ڶ‬ᙑᎄΔᚨᇠբᆖၲࡨᒳ᤟ԱΔຍழଢ‫ױ‬౨૞ԫೄ՗ழၴΔ
# ‫אױ܃‬ᤉᥛᦰ‫ء‬஼Հ‫װ‬Δࢨ‫װ‬໘ଡ࠼೽ٖஒΜ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ ls
inkscape-0.44 inkscape_0.44-1_powerpc.changes
inkscape_0.44-1.diff.gz inkscape_0.44-1_powerpc.deb
inkscape_0.44-1.dsc inkscape_0.44.orig.tar.gz
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ sudo dpkg -i inkscape_0.44-1_powerpc.deb # ‫ڜ‬ᇘଶ೚‫ړ‬୚ٙ
षձӵ apt-get build-dep ਢю౪ᒿᇲȂџ૖࢐Ӱ࣏၎ৈӇጡឍࣺ‫ߒޟٷ‬ᓞᔬ‫ڷ‬
‫ڒ‬Ԓ৲ШၶཱིȂՄ೻‫ٲ‬ጡឍࣺ‫ٷ‬ৈӇ࢐௃ deb ೻এৈӇྛήၷԊ၆ȂӰԪོഅԙ
‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ٷࣺޟގཱིڗ‬ৈӇՄฒ‫ݲ‬ᅖٗጡឍ‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ܒٷࣺޟ‬Ȅषձ‫ ޟ‬deb ‫ ڷ‬deb-src ഍
࢐ӣΙএ‫ގ‬ҏȂ൷ΙۡϚོю౪೻ᆍᒿᇲȂ൷ᆗ࢐ϚӣȂю౪ᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬ᐠ౥ζϚଽȄ
೻এਢঐџоӑ౱ႆ೻এ؏᡽Ȃӑ‫ڥ‬ுনۖጆȂณࡣӔ฿ཌЙଢ଼ও‫׽‬ጡឍࣺ‫ܒٷ‬
ೣࠌȄᄂሬΰ inkscape 0.44 Ңоΰ‫ޟ‬П‫࢐ݲ‬ጡឍϚଔ‫ޟپ‬Ȃོႄ‫ڗ‬೻၇‫ܚ‬ᇳ‫ޟ‬
୰ᚠȂϚႆσഋӋ೺ᡝҢΰ७‫ޟ‬ПԒ഍џоԙђ࡚ҳৈӇȄ
оή࢐Ұጒ࿋ΰ७‫ܣޟ‬೚՗Ϛ೽ਢȂҢЙଢ଼‫پ‬ୈಠഋ hack ওғ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃinkscape ጡឍࣺ‫ܒٷ‬ওғ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ Հሉ଺ࡨᒘ
apt-get source inkscape #
# ‫ ڶ‬-b ऱ೶ᑇ‫ז‬।Աߓอᄎ‫ڇ‬Հሉ‫ࡨ଺ݙ‬ᒘ৵۞೯ᒳ᤟Δ޲‫ڶ‬ऱᇩ‫׽‬ᄎՀሉ଺ࡨᒘΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ ls -l
5-48 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ
᜔ૠ 9367
drwxr-xr-x 9 dbtsai dbtsai 2032 2006-08-04 19:44 inkscape-0.44
-rw-r--r-- 1 dbtsai dbtsai 22041 2006-06-28 01:17 inkscape_0.44-1.diff.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 dbtsai dbtsai 948 2006-06-28 01:17 inkscape_0.44-1.dsc
-rw-r--r-- 1 dbtsai dbtsai 9549500 2006-06-28 01:17 inkscape_0.44.orig.tar.gz
# ಖլಖ൓ԫଡ debianize ऱ଺ࡨᒘ୚ٙ૞‫ ڶ‬ଡᚾூࡋΛ3 Δ Δ
diff.gz dsc orig.tar.gz
# ۖࠌ‫ ش‬apt-get source ᄎ۞೯‫ ނ‬orig.tar.gz ᇞၲΔࠀ‫ ش׊‬patch ‫ ނ‬diff ‫ؚ‬Ղ‫װ‬Ζ
# ᇞၲ଺ࡨᒘ‫ؚ׊‬Ղ patch ৵ข‫س‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕ inkscape-0.44 ‫ݺ‬ଚຏൄጠ੡ build treeΖ
# ૉਢ‫܃‬ਢऴ൷‫ڇ‬ጻሁՂ࠷൓ຍ 3 ଡᚾூΔ‫شאױ܃‬
# dpkg-source -x inkscape_0.44-1.dsc ࠐ‫ނ‬ᚾூᇞၲࠩ inkscape-0.44
# ૉ‫܃‬ຑ dsc ᚾຟ޲‫ڶ‬Δ߷‫ אױ‬tar xvf inkscape_0.44.orig.tar.gz ᇞၲ଺ࡨᒘΔ
# ٦‫ ش‬zcat inkscape_0.44-1.diff.gz | patch -p0 ࠐ‫ؚ‬Ղ debianize patchΜ
# ່৵߷ଡ‫ ؚ‬patch ऱ೯‫܂‬ኔᎾՂ༉ਢ‫ࡨ଺ڇ‬ᒘ‫ؾ‬ᙕՀข‫ س‬debian ຍଡ՗‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ
# ۖ‫ش‬๠༉ਢஞࠐધᙕ‫ץ‬ᇘ୚ٙऱᇷಛΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp$ cd inkscape-0.44/
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp/inkscape-0.44$ dpkg-checkbuilddeps # ᛀ਷Ꮑ૞ऱࠤ‫ڤ‬஄
dpkg-checkbuilddeps: Unmet build dependencies: libart-2.0-dev (>= 2.3.10)
libgc-dev (>= 1:6.7-1) libglib2.0-dev libgnomevfs2-dev libgtk2.0-dev (>= 2.0.6-1)
libgtkmm-2.4-dev liblcms1-dev libpango1.0-dev libperl-dev libpng12-dev
libpopt-dev libsigc++-2.0-dev (>= 2.0.16-2)
# ࢨृ‫אױ܃‬ऴ൷઎ ᇙ૿ऱ
debian/control Δࠀ‫ނ‬ຍࠄ୚ٙᇖᏘΜ
Build-Depends
# Ո‫ شאױ‬apt-cache showsrc <୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> ࠐ࠷൓ᒳ᤟ࢬᏁऱ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp/inkscape-0.44$ sudo apt-get install <ࢬֶ౒ऱ୚ٙ>
# ຍᇙ‫ނאױ‬Ղ૿ᛀ਷ऱ࿨࣠ऴ൷਒ߦ၀ՂΔಖ൓૞‫ނ‬ठ‫ء‬ऱ‫װֱچ‬ൾΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/temp/inkscape-0.44$ dpkg-buildpackage
# ‫ڼ‬ழ‫܃‬ᄎ‫נ‬෼ᙑᎄΔߓอࣄৼ լജᄅΔ޲ᣂএΔ‫׽‬૞‫ނ‬
libgc-dev debian/control
# ᇙ૿ libgc-dev ৵૿ठ‫ء‬ਐࡳऱ‫ޏֱچ‬՛ԫរΔࢨृ೓౤ખԱΜྥ৵‫ૹڇ‬ᄅԫ‫ڻ‬
# dpkg-buildpackageΔ࿛ᒳ᤟‫ګݙ‬৵Δᚨᇠ‫ڇ‬Ղԫᐋ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ ڶ‬deb ୚ٙᚾΔ٦‫ش‬
# dpkg -i ‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ױܛ‬Ζ

࿋ณձџоӵও‫ ׽‬deb-src ‫ڏڗ‬т‫ގ‬ҏоࠉȂӑୈ apt-get build-dep ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼հȂ

೻ኺΙۡϚོю౪ᒿᇲଉ਀ȄณࡣӔও‫ڗ׽‬ശཱི‫ ޟ‬deb-src ࡣ‫ڥ‬ுনۖጆȂӔ‫پ‬
ၐ ၐ ࣼ dpkg-buildpackage ી ϧ ቄ Ȃ ‫ ঺ ޱ ܖ‬၇ ‫ ގ‬ҏ Ϛ ӫ ሯ ौ ও ‫׽‬
debian/controlȄ೽ல೻ኺོШၶЍጡឍࣺᜰৈӇሯौЙଢ଼Ԋ၆Ȅ
ष࢐ձ‫فޟ‬ಛϞࠉ‫ؠ‬ԤҢ೻ᆍПԒ࡚ҳৈӇႆȂՄи಑ΙԩҢ apt-get
build-dep ൷ѶఁȂ٥ቄሯौӑЙଢ଼Ԋ၆அҏ‫ޟ‬ጡឍৈӇȂ‫ۻ‬ήࡾхོᔓձԊ၆
gcc compilerȂmake ‫ ڷ‬dpkg-dev ้அҏ‫ޟ‬แԒ໠ีᕗცȄ
 5.5 ௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ 5-49

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install build-essential

࣏ΟᡱࡾхШၶৠܾࢥၚȂ‫ۻ‬ή๋‫ޱ‬ᙏ൐‫ܚװޟ‬Ңႆ‫ࡾޟ‬хএտӖю‫پ‬ΙԩȂ
Մ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬Ң‫ݲ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵጒ‫ٽ‬ϛΟ၌Ȅ
‫ڥ‬ு೺ᡝনۖጆȈ
sudo apt-get source < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ> # ‫ףאױ‬Ղ -b ‫࠷ڇ‬൓৵ᒳ᤟Ζ
Ԋ၆ጡឍԪৈӇ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȞ೽ல࢐ߒᓞᔬ‫ڒܖ‬Ԓ৲ȟȈ
sudo apt-get build-dep < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ>
࡚ҳ debianize ‫ޟ‬নۖᔬПԒȈ
dpkg-source -x <dsc ᚾூ‫ټ‬ጠ> ᇞၲ୚ٙ଺ࡨᒘࠀ‫ ؚ׊‬patch
#
# ຍ೯‫܂‬٥Ꮑ૞ dscΔorig.tar.gz ࡉ diff.gz 3 ଡᚾூΖ،٣‫ ނ‬orig.tar.gz
# ᇞၲ৵‫ؚڇ‬Ղ diff.gz ຍଡ patch

࿋‫ؠ‬Ԥ dsc ᔬਢȂ࡚ҳ debianize ‫ޟ‬নۖᔬПԒȈ

tar xvf <orig.tar.gz ଺ࡨᚾᚾ‫>ټ‬ # ᇞၲ୚ٙ଺ࡨᒘ
zcat <diff.gz patch ᚾᚾ‫ | >ټ‬patch -p0 # ‫ؚ‬Ղ debianize ऱ patch
໠ۖጡឍৈӇȈ
dpkg-buildpackage # ‫ؘ‬ႊ‫ڇ‬ຌ᧯଺ࡨᒘऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕՀച۩ໝΜ
# ‫ף‬Ղ ‫אױ‬լ‫ ش‬sudo ࢨ‫ ش‬root ᒳ᤟Δ‫܀‬Ꮑ٣‫ڜ‬ᇘ fakeroot ຍଡ୚ٙ
-rfakeroot
# ‫ף‬Ղ -uc ‫אױ‬լ‫ڇ‬୚ٙՂ᡽‫ټ‬Δ -b ‫׽‬ข‫س‬୚ٙᚾΔլᄎ‫ࡨ଺ނڇ‬ᒘ‫ץؚ‬ԫ‫ڻ‬Ζ

5.5.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң apt-build ‫࡚پ‬ҳശ‫ٹ‬ϽৈӇ

Ԥ‫ٲ‬Ρ‫ܖ‬೨ོဏ኎ gentoo ‫ ޱܖ‬BSD ‫ف‬Ӗհཾ‫ف‬ಛȂѺϰ೨‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џоᄇ‫ف‬ಛ
ΰ‫ޟ‬ৈӇୈശ‫ٹ‬ϽȄՄ Ubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Debian ࣏ΟᐠᏢ‫ࣺޟ‬ৠ‫ܒ‬ȂႱ೩ৈӇ࢐ᄇ 368
ጡឍȂ೻ӻӻЍЍζཬѶΟΙ‫ٲ‬ਝ૖ȂШၶଔ‫پ‬σमΰོШ gentoo ೻ᆍᄇᐠᏢ
࡙ྃശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫ ޟ‬Linux ี՗‫ގ‬Ȃσ྅ོᄚএ 10% ‫ ڗ‬20%Ȅ
ծ࢐᠞‫ޱ‬տѶఖȂUbuntu ‫ ڷ‬Debian ‫ڏ‬ᄂԤඪ‫ټ‬ᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ռ՗ጡឍശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫ޟ‬ђ
૖Ȃҥܻጡឍਢ໢າਢ೨δȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដ࢐Ңӵᜰᗤ‫ޟ‬ৈӇΰȄ‫ٽ‬ԃலΰᆩ‫ޟ‬џо
5-50 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ FireFoxȂ‫ޱܖ‬ӵթ݈Ꮲ‫ٺ‬Ңџоശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ Apache ้Ȅ೻၇ौඪᒺ᠞‫ޟޱ‬

࢐ȂԤਢঐՌॏ‫ޟ‬ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻแ࡙‫ޟי‬ЊႆЬ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོᡱแԒฒ‫ݲ‬ጡឍ‫ܖ‬ฒ‫ݲ‬ஈ՗
ോȊ
ॶӑौԊ၆ apt-buildȂആႆ೻এแԒ‫پ‬ႀԙጡឍৈӇശ‫ٹ‬ϽȊ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install apt-build

Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂོ໌Σ೩ۡห७ȂՄ಑Ιএ೩ۡᒵ໶೩ۡ࢐নۖጆήၷ՝ညȂᒵ
ᐅႱ೩‫ޟ‬՝ည։џȄ಑Πএ೩ۡ࢐ጡឍࡣৈӇौܹӵ঺၇Ȃ೻ζ௴ҢႱ೩։џȄ
ณࡣ‫ف‬ಛོ୰ᚠձ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻแ࡙Ȃ࡚ដ࢐ᒵ MediumȂӰ࣏Ԥਢঐ Strong
ོю౪ᛧۡ‫ܒ‬୰ᚠȄӔήΙএᒵ໶࢐ौϚौ‫װ‬ጡឍࡣ‫ޟ‬ৈӇܹΣҏӴᆒ‫ޟ‬ৈӇྛ
ϱȂ࿋ณᒵᐅ yesȂଶߨձौЙଢ଼Ԋ၆ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻࡣ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȄശࡣѺོ୰ձ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ҁ
ѮȂձџоᒵᐅಒӫձᐠᏢ‫ޟ‬ҁѮȄष࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоᒵᐅԩΙ઻‫ޟ‬Ȃ٥‫ؠ‬Ԥ
ᜰ߽Ȅ
ष࢐ձདौ१ཱི೩ۡ apt-build ᒵ໶ȂџоആႆоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg-reconfigure apt-build

࿋ณձζџо‫ޢ‬௥ও‫׽‬೩ۡᔬȂ‫ڏ‬՝ညӵ /etc/apt/apt-build.conf
ও‫ ׽‬apt-build ೩ۡᔬȈ
build-dir = /var/cache/apt-build/build # Հሉऱ଺ࡨᚾࡉᒳ᤟‫ۯ‬ᆜ
repository-dir = /var/cache/apt-build/repository # ᒳ᤟‫ړ‬୚ٙ‫ۯ‬ᆜ
Olevel = -O2 # ᒳ᤟່ࠋ֏࿓৫Δ -O3 ਢ່ൎऱΔ‫ױ܀‬౨լ᡹ࡳ
mtune = -mtune=althlon64 # ຍଡଖࡉ‫܃‬ऱਮዌ‫ڶ‬ᣂΔ‫ૹط៶אױ܃‬๻ apt-build
options = # ࠐ‫᧢ޏ‬Δࢨ‫ڇ‬ጻሁ਷ᇬΖ
make_options = " "
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

Ϛջ߹‫ޟ‬Ȃॶӑौ‫ཱི؁‬ৈӇ఼൐Ȅ
 5.5 ௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ 5-51

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-build update

षձौ၆ΙএཱིৈӇȂиശ‫ٹ‬ϽጡឍȂџоആႆоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-build install < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ>
ष࢐ϐငԊ၆ႆ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂሯौ१ཱིശ‫ٹ‬ϽጡឍȂџоആႆоήࡾхȈ
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-build --reinstall install < ୚ٙ‫ټ‬ጠ>
apt-build ‫ف‬ಛζԤඪ‫ټ‬᜸խ BSD ٥ᆍᐌএ‫ف‬ಛ१ཱིጡឍȂϚႆ೻ϚΙۡ૖ԙ
ђȂζџ૖Ᏺम‫ف‬ಛཬᚽȄԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џоკၐࣼࣼȄ
ࡾхȈ
sudo dpkg --get-selections | awk '{if ($2 == "install") print $1}' >
/etc/apt/apt-build.list
# ଈ٣‫ߓނ‬อփࢬ‫ڜڶ‬ᇘऱ୚ٙ堚໢Ⴊ‫נ‬Δຍࠄ୚ٙലᄎૹᄅᒳ᤟
sudo apt-build world # ၲࡨ٤ߓอᒳ᤟ΔᚨᇠᏁ૞౛ଡ༓֚ ^_^

๋‫ޱ‬ौඪᒺձ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬ՌϏጡឍৈӇ‫ڷ‬ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫׬ޟ‬ѽ࢐ϚΙۡ૖ԙђȂԤџ
૖ོྒᚽձ‫فޟ‬ಛȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձौკၐ‫ޟ‬ၗȂሯौՌϏ‫ܛ‬ᐊࡣ‫ݎ‬ോȊ

5.5.3 ‫ٺ‬Ң auto-apt ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼ᅖٗ tarball ࣺ‫ܒٷ‬

ᄇܻ٥‫ؠٲ‬Ԥ debianize ‫ޟ‬แԒȂष‫ר‬ঈौЙଢ଼௃ tarball ጡឍȂ‫࢐܁܁‬஠೺ᡝ
নۖጆ၌໠ࡣȂ‫ٺ‬ҢоήПԒጡឍ‫ٮ‬иԊ၆Ȅ
./configure # ๻ࡳຌ᧯ઌᣂᇷಛࠀᛀ਷ਢ‫ܡ‬የߩᒳ᤟යٙ
make # ၲࡨᒳ᤟
sudo make install # ‫ڜ‬ᇘࠩߓอ

ծ࢐லலོӵ configure ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ࿦‫ڗ‬ીЍጡឍࣺᜰৈӇ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄиϚ۷‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ

லலѺᡗҰю‫پ‬ીЍ‫ޟ‬ৈӇོ‫ ڷ‬Ubuntu ‫ڼ‬ӪϚӣȄ‫ܚ‬оӎ࢐ӵ၄೻‫ݍٲ‬ՙ൷ौ
ૉ௬࡞ӻਢ໢ΟȄ
5-52 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

Ԫਢџоആႆ auto-apt ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼Ԋ၆௃ tarball ጡឍ೺ᡝ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȄ

ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install auto-apt

‫ ཱི؁‬auto-apt ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫఼ޟ‬൐
ࡾхȈ
sudo auto-apt update

೻এਢঐձџоҢоήП‫ پݲ‬configureȂषႄ‫ڗ‬ીЍ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂѺོѪѴၰю
Ιএຜๅ୰ձ࢐֏ሯौԊ၆Ȅ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
auto-apt run ./configure # ૉ configure ሖࠩ౒֟ऱ୚ٙΔᄎ۞೯ᇬം૞լ૞ᇘ
make
sudo make install

᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо଩ӫήΙω࿽‫ ޟ‬checkinstall ‫پ‬౰ҡ deb ৈӇᔬȄ

5.5.4 ‫ٺ‬Ң checkinstall ‫پ‬௃ tarball ࡚ҳৈӇ

ौ‫ װ‬tarball ‫ޟ‬নۖጆᄕ‫ ۻ‬debianize ‫ڏ‬ᄂᢍബྮ‫ޟ‬ȂሯौӑՌଢ଼౰ҡΙ‫ٲ‬ৈӇ
ၥଉኺ‫ގ‬ȂณࡣᗙौӔಠഋও‫׽‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬о೻၇๋‫ޱ‬Ϛፙ೻ᆍПԒȂ‫׽‬ԙఀσড়‫ٺ‬Ң
Шၶᙏ൐‫ ޟ‬deb ৈӇᔬѓ၆ПԒȄ࿋ณΙএৈӇषौ໌ΣۢП൷ுौӑ
debianizeȂζ࢐‫װ‬ৈӇѓԙ deb ‫ޟ‬ശғಛПԒȂष᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥᑹ፸Ȃџо‫ڗ‬ᆩၯΰ
൶‫ ײ‬HOWTOȄ
ॶӑሯौӑԊ၆ check install
ࡾхȈ
sudo apt-get install checkinstall
 5.5 ௃নۖጆ࡚ҳৈӇ 5-53

೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ᖞᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥೝ҈ѓ໌ўৈӇ৲‫ ޟ‬FileZilla 3.0CVS beta ‫پ‬հ࣏ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅॶ

ӑӵᆩၯΰ‫ڥ‬ுശཱི‫ޟގ‬নۖጆȂ‫ٮ‬и஠Ѻ၌ᔆᕻȄԃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃত໠ۖ௃༈ಛ‫ޟ‬
configure ໠ۖȂष೻၇षีҡᒿᇲȂџо଩ӫ auto-apt ‫پ‬Ԋ၆ጡឍ‫ܚ‬ሯৈӇȄ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/filezilla-3.0cvs20060708$ ./configure
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/filezilla-3.0cvs20060708$ make # ၲࡨᒳ᤟
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/filezilla-3.0cvs20060708$ checkinstall
checkinstall 1.5.3, Copyright 2001 Felipe Eduardo Sanchez Diaz Duran
This software is released under the GNU GPL.

The package documentation directory ./doc-pak does not exist.

Should I create a default set of package docs? [y]: n
# ຍᇙം‫ݺ‬ଚ૞լ૞৬‫֮م‬ٙऱໂٝΔԫ౳ਢլ‫ش‬
Please write a description for the package.
End your description with an empty line or EOF.
>> Filezilla ftp client
>>
# ຍᇙ‫אױ‬ᨃ‫ݺ‬ଚᙁԵኙ࣍ຌ᧯ऱ១໢ᎅࣔ
This package will be built according to these values:

0 - Maintainer: [ root@ubuntu ]
1 - Summary: [ Filezilla ftp client ]
2 - Name: [ filezilla-3.0cvs20060708 ]
3 - Version: [ 3.0cvs20060708 ]
4 - Release: [ 1 ]
5 - License: [ GPL ]
6 - Group: [ checkinstall ]
7 - Architecture: [ powerpc ]
8 - Source location: [ filezilla-3.0cvs20060708 ]
9 - Alternate source location: [ ]

Enter a number to change any of them or press ENTER to continue:

# ຍᇙ‫אױ‬ᙇᖗᑇ‫ޏޓࠐڗ‬୚ٙઌᣂᇷಛΔૉլ૞‫ޏޓ‬༉ਊ ENTER
5-54 ಑ 5 ണ ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ

dbtsai@ubuntu:~/filezilla-3.0cvs20060708$ ls *.deb
filezilla-3.0cvs20060708_3.0cvs20060708-1_powerpc.deb
# ึ࣍ႉ‫ܓ‬ข‫س‬ deb୚ٙᚾ೺Μૉ૞‫ڜ‬ᇘ༉‫ش‬ dpkg -iେΜ
ԃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃᐌএ؏᡽‫ڷ‬༈ಛΰ‫ٺ‬Ң tarball ၆೺ᡝ৯ϚӻȂѫϚႆശࡣ‫ ޟ‬make
install ‫׽‬ԙ checkinstall ՄϐমȊ
 Ձ஛௩‫ס‬Ⴤझ৖ቡम

σড়Ԋ၆ԁΟ‫ف‬ಛࡣȂΙོۡདौӑ‫װ‬லҢ‫فޟ‬ಛᕗც೩ۡԁȂ೻ኺϗོԤ๲
ᎌ‫ޟ‬ώհᕗცȄ‫ܚ‬оҏണོϭಝΙ‫ٲ‬லҢ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝ៮ଢ଼೩ۡ‫ڷ‬፡ᐌȂѓ֤Οᆩၯ೩
ۡȃᡗҰњ೩ۡȃӟߒᐠԊ၆‫ڷ‬ತᆒᐠѴᢎ‫ޟ‬፡ᐌȂࣥՍఀσড়ԃդ໠ం฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬
DMA ዁Ԓ‫پ‬ёഀ้‫׬‬ѽȄ᠞‫ޱ‬џоྱ๿ጒ‫ ٽ‬step by step ‫ޟ‬ᐇհȄ

6.1 Ⴉ཯௩‫ס‬
๋‫ޱ‬ᇯ࣏‫ ޖ‬Linux ൷ΙۡौԤᆩၯȂԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥᆩၯ‫ޟ‬ၗȂLinux ൷Ιᘈ഍Ϛԁ
‫ޖ‬୨Ȋ࣏ϧቄ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ٽ‬ԃ Ubuntu ശ஼σ‫ ޟ‬APT ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛ൷ौԤᆩၯ‫ޟ‬଩ӫȂ
‫ ޱܖ‬Linux ശ᏾ߝ‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲሴ୿Ϛ࢐ζ‫ڷ‬ᆩၯ‫׶‬ΰᜰ߽იȊ‫ܚ‬оᆩၯ࢐ Ubuntu
Ϛџо‫ܖ‬ી‫ޟ‬ђ૖‫ڹ‬Ȋ
ߑᏰ Linux ‫ޟ‬Ρџ૖ᗙᄇᆩၯ࢜ᄺϚዣொȂՄ೻‫ٲ‬ᆩၯ‫ޟ‬அҏ‫ޣ‬ᜋᄇܻ‫ޟࡣ܁‬
ᏰಬԤΙۡ‫ޟ‬१ौ‫ܒ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ོޱ‬ӑ฿ཌϭಝΙήᆩၯ྅ौȄծ೻Ϛ࢐Ιҏடߞ
ᖿᆩၯ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ਪȂ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬ѫོ௤ଆ‫ڗ‬٥‫ٲ‬Ᏸಬҏਪ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬Ⴑര‫ޣ‬ᜋȄ
6-2 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

௥ή‫پ‬ϗོ໠ۖఀ᠞‫ޱ‬ԃդᄂሬ೩ۡᆩၯ้Ȅҥܻ࡞ӻΡ࢐‫ װ‬Linux ࿋ԙթ݈

Ꮲ‫ٺپ‬ҢȂ೻ਢঐலலϚོԊ၆ყ‫ל‬ϭ७Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵࡾхӖᐇհᆩၯ೩ۡᗙ࢐ԤԆ
ӵ‫҆ޟ‬ौȄӰԪ๋‫װޱ‬ຜๅϭ७೩ۡᆩၯ‫ڷ‬Мԅϭ७‫ޟ‬೩ۡП‫ݲ‬Ϸ໠‫پ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џ
оຜሯौ‫ंپ‬᠞Ȋ

6.1.1 ᆩၯ྅፣
Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯ࢜ᄺ
Ԟ෈ୢ୿ᆩၯȞLocal Area Network, LANȟ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺ࢐‫ؠ‬ԤಛΙ‫ޟ‬኿ྥȂഅԙΟ
Өড়‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ౰ࠢѫ૖‫ڷ‬Ռড়‫ޟ‬౰ࠢྜ೽Ȃ٥ਢঐζϚ౾՗ᆩሬᆩၯȂആႆ኿ྥ‫ޟ‬
TCP/IP ‫پۡڞ‬ᐝ௥Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ࢜ᄺȂ೻‫ٺ‬ுᆩၯ௰ኄ౰ҡΟ࡞σ‫ߢޟ‬ΨȄࡣ‫پ‬
ӒᓃȞXeroxȟȃ़੫ᅭȞIntelȟ‫ڷ‬ज़ӡӻȞDigitalȟӓӣ௰юΟΚЊᆩၯȞEthernetȟ
೻ᆍୢ୿ᆩၯೣਿȂҥܻ኿ྥϽиۣ߯ȂӰԪٞഀ‫ࢺޟ‬՗ଔ‫پ‬Ȋ೻ਢঐσড়லӵ
Ethernet ΰເ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ‫ۡڞ‬ᗙ࢐டԤೣਿȂԃ Novell ‫ ޟ‬IPX ‫้ۡڞ‬ȂϚ࢐ TCP/IPȄ
ᗶณ೻ᆍ‫ٺ‬Ң዁ԒϚ૖ၮᆩၯ࢜ᄺྜ೽ȂծӰ࣏σড়഍ҢΚЊᆩၯȂ‫ܚ‬оζ‫ؠ‬Ԥ
ၮ࢜ᄺ‫ྮޟ‬඘ԆӵȊ
ӰԪএΡႫသҬࠉலҢ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯ࢜ᄺȂ൷࢐ΚЊᆩၯȊலҢ‫ޟ‬ΚЊᆩၯᄂᡝ
Ⴋၯ࢜ᄺԃყ 6.1Ȃ‫ר‬ঈலல‫װ‬ӨᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬೩ര௥‫ ڗ‬switch ‫ ޱܖ‬hub ΰȂ‫ל‬ԙ࢑
‫ޑ‬๖ᄺȄ࿋ณष࢐ switch ඨᅖΟȂ‫ר‬ঈᗙџоҢѪѴΙএ switch ௥ΰўȂ೻ኺ
൷‫ל‬ԙѪѴΙএ࢑‫࢜ޑ‬ᄺȄ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-3

ყ 6.1

٥ၥਟ࢐ࡩኺӵΚЊᆩၯΰ༈ሎȉ࡞ᙏ൐ȂषԤΙѮႫသौ༈ଚၥଉ๝ӣΙএ
ୢ୿ᆩၯΰ‫ޟ‬ѪѴΙѮႫသȂѺ൷ོө‫ܚ‬Ԥୢ୿ᆩၯΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသኄኬ
ȞbroadcastȟȂՄኄኬ‫ޟ‬ၥਟࡌѓளԤ MACȞMedia Access ControlȟAddressȂ
೻এ Address ࢐ؐএΚЊᆩၯњᐿΙฒΠ‫ޟ‬ᜋտጆȂӰԪୢ୿ᆩၯΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသџо
ਲ਼ᐃࡌѓ‫ ޟ‬MAC address ‫پ‬րᘞ࢐֏ौ௥ԝȂषϚ࢐ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬MAC addressȂ൷
‫װ‬೻এࡌѓҵణȄ೻এ MAC address Ԥ 6byteȂࠉ 3byte ࢐‫ڷ‬ᆩњϴѧԤᜰȂࡣ
3byte ࢐ᆩњҡ౰‫ဴוޟ‬Ȃ೻ኺ‫ ޟ‬MAC ঄౩፣ΰӒжࣨѫԤΙএോȊ

ծ࢐РࠉԤ࢚ড়кᐠ‫ݖ‬ኅ୦࡞ጙ༯Ȃҡ౰‫ޟ‬кᐠ‫ގ‬ΰϱ࡚ᆩњതณҢӣΙএ
MAC ঄Ȃ೻ོࡩቄኺ‫ڹ‬ȉष࢐ӵӣΙএୢ୿ᆩၯ‫ۻ‬ήȞӣΙএ switch ‫ ܖ‬hubȟȂ
࿋ӣ MAC ᆩњ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢΙଔώհਢȂོഅԙϚ‫ޣ‬ၾࡌѓौϚौ௥ԝ‫ޟ‬௑‫֟ݷ‬Ȋ೻
ਢঐᆩၯ൷ོ໠ۖϚғல୨Ȋ࿋ณष࢐ϚӵӣΙএୢ୿ᆩၯȂծ഍ӵᆩሬᆩၯ
ΰȂ೻ኺ൷‫ؠ‬Ԥᜰ߽ȂӰ࣏ᆩњጡဴѫҢ‫پ‬ӵୢ୿ᆩၯᄇ༈‫ٺ‬ҢോȊиࡌѓΰᆩ
њጡဴ࢐ܹӵ TCP/IP ಑ΙቹᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹȂႆΟ router ࡣȂMAC address ൷ོᡐ
ԙ router ‫ޟ‬ᆩњ୨Ȋ
Ӱ࣏௴Ңኄኬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ༈ሎၥଉȂӵԞ෈‫ٺ‬Ң hub ਢȂषЊӻΡӣਢኄኬ൷ོ౰
ҡၥਟ࿦ኡȞcollisionȟȄ࣏Ο෵Ѝ೻ᆍ௑‫ีޟל‬ҡȂΚЊᆩၯ‫ٺ‬ҢΟΙᆍᆎ࣏
CSMA/CD ‫׬ޟ‬೚ȂԪਢ࿋ΚЊᆩၯњौ༈ଚၥଉюўȂོӑ᠙ᆩၯΰԤ‫ؠ‬ԤΡ
6-4 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ӵኄኬȂष࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗϗོ‫װ‬ၥଉଚюȄषؐԩџо༈ᒯ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓЊσȂ೻ኺυտ
ѮႫသौ้࡞δȂӰԪΚЊᆩၯೣۡؐএࡌѓശσѫ૖Ԥ 1500byteȂ༈ᒯ‫ׇ‬Ο
൷၎඲ΡՄϚ૖Ι‫ޢ‬៧լ๿ᓜቶȄ೻এ঄൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬ശσ༈ᒯ൐՝ MTU
(Maximum Transmission Unit)Ȅ

‫ڏ‬ᄂΚЊᆩၯњઍғ༈ᒯ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝ਱࢜ȞframeȟȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂԤ 1526byteȂӻю‫ޟپ‬
26byte ࢐ܹ๿ӵ TCP/IP Ѳቹ࢜ᄺϛ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹߒᓞȂ೻၇७कᓃΟ‫ྛپ‬кᐠ
‫ ޟ‬MACȂҬӴкᐠ‫ ޟ‬MAC ้Ȅᐌএ frame ࢜ᄺџоҢყ 6.2 ‫ߒپ‬ҰȄ‫ܚ‬оΚЊ
ᆩၯњؐଚю 1526byte ઍғ૖Ң‫ޟ‬൷ѫԤࡣ७‫ ޟ‬1500byteȂ೻၇७ࡌ၆‫ޟ‬ၥਟ
џ૖࢐ TCP/IP ᆩၯቹࡌѓȄ࿋ณܹӵᆩၯቹ‫ޟ‬ၥଉϚΙۡ࢐‫ר‬ঈዣொ‫ޟ‬
TCP/IPȂζԤџ૖࢐ IPX ้ᆩၯ‫ۡڞ‬঵Ȋ

ყ 6.2

དདؐԩौ༈ᒯၥଉਢ൷ுୄή‫้پ‬ᆩၯ‫ؠ‬ΡҢΟϗ૖‫ٺ‬ҢȂ೻࢐ӻቄ‫ؠ‬Ԥਝ
౥‫ٱޟ‬௑֟Ȋܻ࢐൷፛ҡΟ switch ೻ᆍ‫ݍ‬ՙ‫ڥپ‬фԞ෈‫ ޟ‬hubȄswitch Ѻџо
Ռଢ଼कᓃ঺এඨЌ࢐ᄇᔖ঺এҬӴ MAC addressȂ࿋ࡌѓଚюўࡣȂ൷ѫଚ‫ڗ‬
ᄇᔖ‫ ޟ‬portȂϚሯौኄኬȄӰԪϚሯौୄή‫้پ‬ᐌࢲᆩၯኄኬ‫ׇ‬౳ϗ૖༈ᒯၥ
ଉȂ࢈џоདԙ switch ؐএ port ഍Ԥᐿҳ‫ޟ‬ᓜቶȄ
ᖑ݂‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ΙོۡདȂІғ౪ӵϚҢ้տΡኄኬ‫ׇ‬౳Ȃ೻ኺ࣏դϚ‫ װ‬MTU ё
σȂԃԪ੏າӵߒᓞࡌѓ‫ޟ‬Ш‫ٽ‬൷ོШၶЍȂՄи༈ᒯਢᔬਰ൷ϚҢϸസ٥ቄӻ
ӋȂ೻ኺϚ࢐Ԥਝ౥ӻΟიȊ‫ޟ‬ጂԃԪȂ౪ӵԤ‫ ٲ‬Giga ethernet ԤЛධ Jumbo
frameȂष଩ӫԤЛධ‫ ޟ‬switch ശσџо‫ װ‬MTU ໠‫ ڗ‬16000byte ‫ڹ‬ȊMTU ᡐσ
ᄇܻᆩၯਝ૖Ԥ࡞σ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪ȂЎ‫ڏ‬࿋༈ᒯσᔬਰਢϚҢϸസԙ٥ቄӻаȂณԝӔ
१ಢȂζЍΟ overhead ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ೻ਢঐོี౪ਝ૖Ԥ੫տ݂ᡗ‫׽ޟ‬ᡐ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
࿋ณѿ७ΰϚ࢐ѫԤΚЊᆩၯ೻ᆍ LAN ࢜ᄺȂᗙԤ IBM ‫ ޟ‬Token Ring ้Ȅԃ
ყ 6.3ȂѺ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝႫၯ࢐‫ܚװ‬ԤႫသ՛ԙΙএ༫୼Ȃ಑ΙѮႫသӑ‫ڥ‬ுีِ᠌Ȋ
᏿Ԥีِ᠌‫ޟ‬Ⴋသᆎ࣏਌‫ ڗ‬TokenȄ೻‫ٲ‬਌‫ ڗ‬Token ‫ޟ‬ႫသีِਢȂོ‫װ‬ौᇳ‫ޟ‬
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-5

ၗ‫ڷ‬ҬӴ MAC ቸӵ Token Packet ΰȂณࡣ‫᠌ِีװ‬༈๝ήΙ՝Ȅ೻Ι՝ত਌‫ڗ‬

ีِ᠌‫ޟ‬Ρོӑᔮࢥ Token Packet ΰԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥौ๝Ѻ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓȂԤ൷᠞‫ڥ‬ю‫఼ٮپ‬
ުቸ๝Ѻ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄϞࡣӔ‫װ‬དौᇳ‫ޟ‬ၗቸ‫ ڗ‬Token packet ΰȂӔ༈๝ήΙ՝Ȅ
Ӱ࣏Ѻ࢐༫୼‫ܥޟޑ‬ኢȂ‫ܚ‬оശᄚ༈Ι୼൷џоԝ‫ڗ‬ΟȄѺѫԤ਌‫ ڗ‬Token ‫ޟ‬Ρ
џоᖿၗȂи࢐Ιএ௥Ιএ༈ሎȂ࢈‫ؠ‬Ԥ࿦ኡ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ‫ܚ‬о Token Packet ູσ
ູԁȂϚณ๝ඁএΡีِࡣቸᅖΟϚ൷‫ؠ‬ு‫ޖ‬ΟȊӰԪ 16 Mbit/sec Token Ring
LAN ‫ ޟ‬MTU Ԥ 17914byte ٥ቄσ‫ڹ‬ȊσघШΚЊᆩၯ‫ ޟ‬MTU σ̈ॻоΰȄ

ყ 6.3

Ϛӣ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯौԃդྜ೽‫ڹ‬ȉᖞ‫پٽ‬ᇳȂEthernet ौԃդ‫ ڷ‬Token Ring

ྜ೽‫ڹ‬ȉѺঈ೿ MTU σω഍ϚΙኺΟȂ٥ࡩ૖༈ሎᄂᡝ frame ਱࢜ȉ೻ਢঐ൷
ौᎬ TCP/IP ೻ᆍᆩၯ‫ۡڞ‬୨Ȋҥܻ TCP/IP ೩ॎ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ۡ՝࣏ᆩሬᆩၯ
ȞInternetȟ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬оԤՃኌ‫ࡌڗ‬ѓོငႆϚӣ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯौԃդ೎౩‫ޟ‬ដᚠȄ
ᆩၯϷቹ྅‫܈‬
ፙ‫ ڗ‬TCP/IP ࢜ᄺȂϚջ߹‫ޟ‬൷Ιོۡፙ‫ ڗ‬OSI Μቹᆩၯ዁࠮Ȃ‫ ޱܖ‬TCP/IP ‫ޟ‬
Ѳቹᆩၯ࢜ᄺȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺ࢐‫װ‬ᆩၯ೎౩‫ޟ‬ಠ࿽‫ܪ‬ຫϽȂณࡣᐌ౩ю‫ޟپ‬Ιৈල
ᎌ‫ޟ‬዁࠮Ȃᡱ‫ר‬ঈ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬Ο၌ᆩၯྜ೽‫ޟ‬ϷώࢺแȄ࿋ߑ OSI Μቹ዁࠮࢐࣏Ο
࡚ҳюΙএᆩၯྜ೽‫ޟ‬኿ྥ‫ۡܚ‬ҳȂծӵઍғ໠ี೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬ਢȂѺџо࢐Ιএ୤
ՃȂϚΙۡઍ‫ޟ‬ሯौ‫࢜װ‬ᄺܶԙΜএȄ
‫ܖ‬೨᠞‫ޱ‬άོឈு‫܏ۉ‬Ȃ࣏ϧቄौ‫װ‬ᆩၯܶԙ٥ቄӻቹȂΙቹ‫ڍܖ‬ቹϚ൷ᙏ൐
ӻΟიȊ୅೩౪ӵᆩၯѫԤΙቹȂσড়഍‫ޢ‬௥ӵᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹώհȂ٥ቄؐৈᔖҢ
แԒ഍ौᒑՌў೎౩࡞ճ໦‫ޟ‬฽ᡝࡌѓ՗࣏ȂࣥՍᗙौՌϏ೎౩ࡌѓᙽଚ‫ޟ‬୰
6-6 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ᚠȂԃ‫ݎ‬ႄ‫ڗ‬Ϛӣ‫ ޟ‬LAN ࢜ᄺȂᔖҢแԒࣥՍौՌϏΰЬጣ೎၇ MTU ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȊ

ष჋ TCP/IP ೻ኺܶԙѲቹਢȂᔖҢแԒѫौ‫װ‬ၥਟᗽ๝༈ᒯቹȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ٱޟ‬௑഍
џоϚҢᆓ୨ȊӰ࣏‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ᆩၯቹ‫ۻ؁ڷ‬ή࡞ճ໦‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝ೿௥ቹ഍࢐հཾ‫ف‬ಛ
‫ڷ‬฽ᡝ‫ޢ‬௥ᆓ౩Ȃ೻ਢঐϚӣ࢜ᄺ LAN ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬୰ᚠ൷ོӵᆩၯቹೝհཾ‫ف‬ಛ೎
౩Ȃ‫پ‬ᎌᔖᄂᡝ೿௥ቹ‫ܚ‬૖၆‫ࡌޟ‬ѓσωȊ೻ኺᄇܻቸΙૡᔖҢ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ΡϚ൷ሆ
ᚬӻΟȂѫሯौ៫ԁᔖҢቹ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ‫ڷ‬༈ᒯቹौ๝ᇄ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞ։џȊ

ყ 6.4

௃ყ 6.4 џо࡞఼ཿ‫ޟ‬Ο၌‫ ڗ‬TCP/IP Ѳቹ࢜ᄺ‫ ڷ‬OSI Μቹ዁࠮ᄇྱ‫ޟ‬ഋ՝Ȅ

ԃӵ TCP/IP ࢜ᄺ‫ װ‬OSI ಑Ϥቹ‫ڗ‬಑ΜቹᐌӫԙᔖҢቹȂ‫ٮ‬и‫װ‬಑Ι‫ڷ‬಑Πቹᐌ
ӫԙᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹࣼ࡟Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬џо࡞఼ཿ‫ޟ‬௃ࡌѓ‫ޟ‬ѓ၆ҰཎყΟ၌‫ڗ‬Ȃӵ TCP/IP
࢜ᄺϛࡌѓ࢐ቹቹࡌ၆‫ޟ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ࡌѓ഍ོܹ‫ڗ‬ήΙቹѓ၆ଔ‫پ‬ȄӵᄂᡝႫၯ
༈ሎ‫࢐ޟ‬ശή७٥ΙቹȂ࿋Ⴋၯ‫װ‬ၥਟ༈ሎ‫ڗ‬ႫသࡣȂႫသӔംቹ၌໠Ȃր᠞
၎ቹ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞၥଉо߯ୈήΙ؏‫ޟ‬೎౩Ȋσमΰџо‫װ‬೻Ѳቹ࡞ᙏ౱‫ޟ‬Ңоήఄ
क़ᇳ݂Ȉ
TCP/IP ಑ѲቹȈᔖҢቹȞApplication LayerȟȈ၇७‫ޢ‬௥ܹӨᆍᔖҢ೺ᡝ
‫ޟ‬নۖၥਟȂџ૖࢐ᆩॲȂᔬਰ‫ ޱܖ‬FTP ้ၥଉȄณࡣ೻‫ٲ‬নۖ‫ޟ‬ၥਟོ
‫ޢ‬௥ܹӵήΙቹ༈ᒯቹѓ၆Ȅ
TCP/IP ಑έቹȈ༈ᒯቹȞTransport LayerȟȈ಑Ѳቹၥਟѓ၆໌‫ࡣپ‬Ȃ
ѺོӵߒᓞΰຜࡌѓҢഊ‫ڷ‬ᆍ᜸ёΙ‫ٲ‬ਟȊष࢐ TCP ߒᓞ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ོёΰ
Ҭ኿ port ‫ ྛپڷ‬port оЅΙ‫ٲ‬ᒿᇲᔮࢥጆ้Ȅष࢐ UDP ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ёΰҬ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-7

኿ port ‫ ྛپڷ‬port ้ߒᓞȄӰ࣏ port ‫ޟ‬ၥଉӵ೻၇Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈҢ iptables

᐀ port ൷ӵ೻ΙቹၼհോȊ
TCP/IP ಑ΠቹȈᆩၯቹȞNetwork LayerȟȈѺ‫װ‬༈ᒯቹ‫ޟ‬ၥਟѓ໌‫پ‬о
ࡣȂᗙོёΰ IP ߒᓞȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬IP ߒᓞ൷ѓ֤Ο‫ྛپ‬ᆒ‫ڷ‬ҬӴᆒ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯӴ
֭Ȃΰ७ζԤΙ‫ួٲ‬՝џоकᓃၯҥ՝ည‫ڷ‬ᐌএࡌѓσωȄᗙԤΙᆍ੫տ
‫ߒޟ‬ᓞ࢐ ICMPȂѺζԤ IP ၥଉȂծӻΟΙ‫ٲ‬ᆩၯ୎ᒿҢួ՝Ȃ‫ٮ‬иΰ७
ϚӔܹ UDP ‫ ܖ‬TCP ၥଉȄ೻Ιቹѓ၆ଔ‫ࡌޟپ‬ѓσωശσϚ૖຺ႆ
MTUȂष຺ႆ൷ོϸസԙШၶωӋȂԁᡱ‫ר‬ঈ้ή‫װ‬೻ቹࡌѓѓ၆‫ڗ‬ᄂᡝ
Ⴋၯϛ਱࢜Ȟframeȟ‫پ‬༈ሎȄζӰ࣏೻၇Ԥ IP ၥଉȂ‫ܚ‬оၯҥ‫࢐ؚ๊‬ӵ
೻ΙቹώհȂ‫ܚ‬оശ໨ࢌ‫ޟ‬ၯҥᏢѫौ೎౩‫ڗ‬೻Ιቹ൷ԁΟȄ
TCP/IP ಑ΙቹȈᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹȞNetwork Access LayerȟȈ‫װ‬಑Πቹѓ໌‫پ‬
ࡣȂຜ၎࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ᄂᡝႫၯ೩ॎ‫ڷ‬३‫ڙ‬Ȃёΰ၎ LAN ੫Ԥ‫ ޟ‬frame ߒᓞȂӔ
ଚ‫ڗ‬Ⴋၯΰ༈ሎȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ Ethernet ൷ོёΰ 26 byte ‫ ޟ‬frame ߒᓞӵ೻ΙቹȂ
၇ᓞජक़๿ӵୢᆩϛၥਟौ༈ሎ‫঺ڗ‬၇ȊζӰ࣏೻Ιቹᐿҳю‫پ‬Ȃϗ૖ஊ
࡞ৠܾ‫ޟ‬ആႆ TCP/IP ၮ LAN ೣਿ༈ሎၥਟȂ༉ौୈ‫ޟ‬Ϛႆ࢐ӵϚӣ LAN
࢜ᄺΰᄂհϚӣ‫ ޟ‬frame ։џȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬frame ࢐ӵӨএୢ୿ᆩၯϱ໌՗‫ސ‬
౩༈ଚ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ਱ѓȂ‫ܚ‬оؐΙᆍϚӣୢ୿ᆩၯ‫ ޟ‬frame ߝ‫ޟ‬ϚΙኺȂծ࢐
၇७ѓ၆‫ޟ‬ᆩၯቹ packet ၥਟਿԒ࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ോȊ
௃೻࢜ᄺΰ‫ר‬ঈџо࡞ৠܾౠюȂ࿋ࡌѓࢺΣႫသਢȂ࢐ӑࣼ಑Ιቹߒᓞ MAC
address ࢐Ϛ࢐ौଚ๝ҏᐠᆩၯњ‫ޟ‬Ȃष࢐‫ޟ‬ၗ൷௥ԝȂषϚ࢐൷‫װ‬ѺҵణȊณ
ࡣ‫ר‬ঈོࣼ಑ΠቹᆩၯቹߒᓞȂष࢐ҏᐠ IP ൷௥ԝȂषϚ࢐‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ଚ‫ڗ‬Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬
ၯҥᏢ၇Ȋ‫ڗ‬Ο಑έቹȂ‫ר‬ঈོ௃ߒᓞ‫ޣ‬ၾࡌѓᆍ᜸Ȃष࢐ TCP ‫ ܖ‬UDPȂ൷ོ
‫ྱٷ‬ҬӴ port ଚ๝ࣺᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝȄ୅‫רٺ‬ঈौ௃ҏᐠ‫װ‬ၥਟଚюўȂ٥ᔖ
Ң೺ᡝོ௃಑Ѳቹ‫װ‬ၥਟҵю‫پ‬Ȃณࡣငႆቹቹѓ၆Ȃѓ಑ΙቹࡣȂӔငҥᄂᡝ
ጣၯ༈ᒯȄ
ҥоΰଆ፣‫ר‬ঈ‫ޣ‬ၾ portȞ೽ଉஃȟ൷࢐ᄂհӵ༈ᒯቹΰȂџоདԙ IP ࢐ձ
ড়‫ߞޟ‬ถȂՄ port џо࢐ϚӣዂቹȄΙૡϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝོ‫ٺ‬ҢϚӣ‫ޟ‬Ⴑ೩
portȂߒ 6-1 ‫ ߒڷ‬6-2 ϷտӖюΟ TCP ‫ ڷ‬UDP லҢ‫ ޟ‬portȄ
6-8 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ߒ 6-1 லҢ‫ ޟ‬TCP port

݈୛Ӫᆎ TCP port ᇳ݂
FTP 21 FTP‫҄ۻ‬഼Ⴝ
SSH2 22 Ґ௜๳Ϣӡ
Telnet 23 BBS ‫ݕ‬ቈᇑ๳Ϣӡ
SMTP 25 E-Mail ๴୙
DNS 53 ᇨாԩᇍࣤ႙
WWW 80 ᇨ঱ᙱ᠓ӡ
POP3 110 ϭႶ E-Mail
HTTPS 443 Ґ௜ߞᇨ঱‫ܠ۝‬
ߒ 6-2 லҢ‫ ޟ‬UDP port
݈୛Ӫᆎ UDP port ᇳ݂
DNS 21 ᇨாԩᇍࣤ႙
DHCP Server 22 ֋ஜ୨၉ᇨႮೡᅗ֨‫އ‬ᐡ
DHCP Client 23 ֋ஜ୨၉ᇨႮೡᅗࢉїᇑ

Router ᇄ Gateway ྅‫܈‬

ӑࠉፙႆȂ࿋ၥਟೝࡌ၆‫ڗ‬ᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹਢȂ೻‫ٲ‬ၥਟѫ૖ആႆ LAN ࢜ᄺ༈ሎȄ
ծषौၮϚӣ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ၎ࡩቄᒲȉ೻এਢঐ൷џоࣼ‫ ڗ‬TCP/IP Ϸቹ๖ᄺ‫ޟ‬
ԁ೎Ȅ࿋ҏᐠौ༈ሎၥଉ‫ڗ‬Ϛӣᆩ୿‫࢜ܖ‬ᄺਢȂ‫ר‬ঈོആႆၯҥᏢȞrouterȟ‫پ‬
ႀԙ༈ሎȄ೽லၯҥᏢོԤ‫༵ڍ‬ᆩၯњȂ‫༵ڍ‬ᆩၯњϷտӵϚӣ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯȄ࿋
ҏᐠौଚюၥਟ‫ڗ‬ᆩ୿ѴਢȂҏᐠོӵᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞ༲ΰ၎ၯҥᏢ‫ڷ‬ҏᐠӣ
ୢᆩ‫ޟ‬ᆩњ MAC ঄Ȃծ࢐၎ࡌѓ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯቹߒᓞࠓϚ࢐၎ᆩၯњ‫ ޟ‬IP AddressȄ
೻ਢঐᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹΙོۡ‫װ‬၎਱࢜ଚ‫ڗ‬ԪၯҥᏢȂծၯҥᏢԝ‫ࡣڗ‬Ȃ၌໠‫ڗ‬ᆩၯ
ቹਢȂོี౪೻Ϛ࢐ौ๝ՌϏ IP ‫ߡޟ‬Ȋ‫ܚ‬оѺ൷ོ‫װ‬၎ࡌѓྱ๿ၯҥೣࠌଚ‫ڗ‬
ѪѴΙএᆩ୿‫ޟ‬ᆩњȂ‫ٮ‬ӵ٥၇१ཱིѓ၆ԙ၎ୢᆩ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬಑Ιቹ਱࢜Ȃ೻ਢঐ
frame ‫ ྛپޟ‬MAC ঄൷ོᡐԙၯҥᏢ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о MAC address ࢐ฒ‫ݲ‬ၮᆩ୿‫ޟ‬Ȅ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-9

࢈࿋‫ڍ‬ᆒୢᆩ࢜ᄺϚӣਢȂ‫ٽ‬ԃࡌѓ௃ MTU Шၶσ‫ ޟ‬LAN ༈‫ڗ‬Шၶω‫ ޟ‬LAN

ਢȂᐌএࢺแ࢐೻ኺȈframe ӑӵШၶσ MTU LAN ٥ᆒ router ᆩњȂ၌໠ࡌѓ
ࡣȂrouter ӵᆩၯቹี౪೻Ϛ࢐๝Ѻ‫ޟ‬ȂሯौӔᙽଚюўȄԪਢάོี౪ȂҬӴ
ᆒ MTU Шၶω֟Ȃ೻ਢঐ൷ོӵᆩၯቹϸസȞfragmentȟ೻‫ࡌٲ‬ѓȂԁᡱѺ‫ޟ‬
σωԤᒲ‫໌ܹݲ‬ўҬӴᆒ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯԆ‫ڥ‬ቹȄ࿋ณष௃Шၶω‫ ޟ‬MTU LAN ҵၥਟ‫ڗ‬
Шၶσ MTU LAN ൷ϚሯौϸസȂ൷џо‫ޢ‬௥‫ڗ‬ႀോȊ

ყ 6.5

ᆩၯᎍဋȞNetmaskȟ྅‫܈‬
٥ቄҏᐠᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသौࡩኺ‫ޣ‬ၾ B ᆩࢲႫသ‫ ޟ‬IP Ϛ࢐឴ܻՌϏ‫ޟ‬ᆩࢲȂሯौ
ᙽҺ๝ router ೎౩ȉ೻ਢঐ൷࢐‫ٷ‬ᒦܻᆩၯᎍဋȞnetmaskȟ‫ؚۡپ‬ȄؐএႫသ
഍ོ೩ۡѺᆩ୿‫ ޟ‬netmaskȂ‫ڷ‬ႢၾᏢȞgatewayȟȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬gatewayȂ೽ல࢐
router Ꭼߖձᆩ୿٥Ιᆒ‫ޟ‬ᆩњ IPȄ࿋ҏᐠौଚюࡌѓਢȂѺॶӑོ‫װ‬ҬӴ IP
‫ڷ‬ՌϏᆩၯ‫ ޟ‬netmask ୈၼᆗȂषு‫ߨ࢐ޣ‬ՌϏᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬ҬӴ IPȂ൷‫װ‬ၥਟ‫܁‬ၯ
ҥᏢȞgateway IPȟଚȂष࢐ӣᆩ୿‫ޟ‬Ȃ൷‫ٺ‬Ңୢᆩ༈ሎ‫ޟ‬ᐠ‫ڙ‬೎౩ȄӰԪᐌএ
Internet ࢐࡞ӻএୢ୿ᆩၯആႆၯҥᏢ೿௥ଔ‫ޟپ‬Ȃ࿋ၯҥᏢԝ‫ڗ‬Ϛ࢐๝ՌϏᆩ
୿‫ࡌޟ‬ѓਢȂ൷ོആႆၯҥೣࠌ᝷៉‫ڏ܁‬тᆩ୿சଚȄ
6-10 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ӫࡈ௱ӡߞ IP ੾Ց࣏ IPv4ȞVersion 4 of the Internet ProtocolȟȄIP

‫ێ‬ᅁ࣏Ϙৎ 32 ֜ЮߞᑋዴȂ֭ऎϞў࠮ୃᐸȂ‫ا‬ে‫د‬ҹ‫ݵ‬՘ 4 ৎ 8 ֜Юߞ
஡༡Ȃփُৎ 8 ֜Юѽ̈་֜‫ࠑڽ‬ӯҞѽం 0 ۖ 255Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽ‫ا‬েߞ IP බྻࠜ
ఀᄊഺዹ 192.168.1.25 Ȅ
٥ netmask ौࡩኺ‫ڷ‬ҬӴ IP ୈၼᆗȉष‫ڍ‬ᆒ‫ ޟ‬netmask ഍࢐ 255.255.255.0Ȃ
ၼᆗਢҏᐠ netmask ‫ڷ‬ҬӴ IP ོୈΠ໌՝ AND ᡒᒮၼᆗȂᆗю‫ޟپ‬๖‫ݎ‬൷࢐Ҭ
Ӵᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬фဴȂܻ࢐џоആႆ၎фဴրտ࢐֏឴ܻՌϏᆩࢲȄ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ॎᆗПԒџ
оࣼყ 6.6 ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ

ყ 6.6
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-11

ყ 6.7

ҥܻ IP ӵ଩ี‫ޟ‬ਢঐԤϷ Class AȂClass B ‫ ڷ‬Class C ೻έᆩࢲȂؐΙᆍ‫ޟ‬

Ⴑ೩ netmask ഍ϚΙኺȄClass A ࢐࡞σ‫ޟ‬ᆩࢲȂnetmask Ⴑ೩࢐ 255.0.0.0Ȃ
ζ൷࢐ᖂӓџоԤ 256^3 = 16777216 এ IPȄϚആႆၯҥᏢȂ೻ቄσ‫ޟ‬ᆩࢲོ
അԙਝ૖ϚԁȂ‫ܚ‬оலོҢ netmask ‫ޟ‬ᢎ‫܈‬ϸസԙυᆩၯȊҥܻ౪ӵ IP ϚஊҢ
ΟȂ೻ᆍ‫׬‬ѽζலலҢӵᏰ೚൐՝ȂᏰਮல‫װ‬Ιএ Class C ᆩࢲ‫ ޟ‬256 এ IP ܶ
ԙኵএυᆩၯȄᐌএ྅‫ڷ܈‬ҬӴ IP ‫ڷ‬ҏӴ netmask ШၶࣺӣȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࿋‫ר‬ঈ‫ؚۡ‬
Ο঺‫࢐ٲ‬ᆩ୿ѴࡣȂҢӣኺ‫ޟ‬ॎᆗПԒІ௰ю netmask ՄϐȂᆩၯΰζԤഀԙ
‫ޟ‬ϴԒџоৈȄӰ࣏೻Ϛ࢐ᖿᆩၯ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬டਪȂ‫ܚ‬оԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫࡚ޱ‬ដՌ՗୤Ճ
ࣺᜰਪᝲȄ
๋‫ޱ‬೻၇ᗙौፙΙήຎᔣ Private IPȄ೻ඁࢲ IP ࢐ೝ߳੼‫ޟ‬ȂӰԪ‫ޢ‬௥ആႆ೻
‫ ٲ‬IP ࢐ฒ‫ݲ‬ӵᆩၯΰ༈ଚၥਟ‫ޟ‬মȊ೻এਢঐ൷ี݂Ο NAT ‫׬‬೚Ȃആႆ NAT ‫װ‬
ϱഋຎᔣ IP ୃ၆‫ڗ‬Ѵഋ‫ޟ‬ઍᄂ IPȂ೻ኺၥਟ൷џо༈ଚ୨ȊиԪਢѴഋ‫ޟ‬ઍᄂ
IP ฒ‫ޢݲ‬௥೿ጣ‫ڗ‬ϱഋ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣ IPȂ೻ኺυᗙџо໷߯Ԥ٩Ьᕓ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃζџо၌
‫ ؚ‬IP Ϛٗ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ
6-12 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ
A Class private IP : 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255 ቃ๻ netmask 255.0.0.0
B Class private IP : 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.16.255.255 ቃ๻ netmask 255.255.0.0
C Class private IP : 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255 ቃ๻ netmask 255.255.255.0
‫ר‬ঈலҢ‫ ޟ‬IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᏢȂฒጣᆩၯϷ‫ٴ‬Ꮲ‫ڷ‬٩Ьᕓ้Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ᡱ‫ר‬ঈആႆຎᔣ
IP ΰᆩ঵Ȋ೽ல‫ר‬ঈ‫ٺ‬Ң೻‫ٲ‬ᐠᏢ഍ོ໷߯ంҢ DHCP ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃ೻ኺ೿ user ᆒ
ᆩၯಢᄘ഍ϚҢՌϏ೩ۡȄ
DNS ྅‫܈‬
ശࡣ๋‫ޱ‬о DNS ശ ࣏ ๖ ‫ ؂‬Ȅ ‫ ר‬ঈ ல ல ӵ ΰ ᆩ ‫ ޟ‬ਢ ঐ Ȃ ഍ ࢐ ҈
www.ubuntu.org.twՄϚོў҈Ѻ‫ ޟ‬IPȂ೻࢐Ӱ࣏ᆩၯΰԤΙᆍ DNS server ᔓ‫ר‬
ঈ‫װ‬ᆩ֭ᙽԙ IPȄ‫ܚ‬о DNS server ΙۡौҢ IP ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೩ۡȂϚณ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ོԤᚘ
ҡೖȂೖҡᚘ‫ޟ‬ҭࣽോȊ
᠞‫ޱ‬џоӱᏹΙήϧቄ࢐ IPȃrouterȃnetmask ‫ ڷ‬gateway Ϟ໢‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ้Ι
ή೩ۡ଻ΰ൷ོҢ‫ڗ‬ോȊ

6.1.2 ‫ٺ‬Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬೩ۡԤጣᆩၯ
ष᠞‫ޱ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ‫ف‬ಛԤ‫ٺ‬Ң IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᏢȂ٥σ྅൷ོ໠ DHCP Ռଢ଼‫ڥ‬ுᆩၯಢ
ᄘ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȅष᠞‫࢐ޱ‬Ᏸਮ൐՝‫ޱܖ‬୦Ң൐՝ȂԤ଩ี‫ ޟۡھ‬IPȂ٥ζ࡞ᎌӫҢყ
‫ל‬ϭ७‫پ‬೩ۡᆩၯȄծ࢐Ҭࠉ Ubuntu ‫ؠ‬ԤЛධ PPPoEȞPPP over Ethernetȟ‫ޟ‬
Ⴑ೩ყ‫ל‬ϭ७೩ۡȂଶߨձѪѴ၆಑έП೺ᡝȂϚႆ๋‫ོ࡚ޱ‬ដձ‫ޢ‬௥ҢМԅϭ
७೩ۡ ADSL ኦ௥ζ࡞ৠܾȊМԅϭ७‫ ޟ‬PPPoE ኦ௥ПԒȂོӵ 6.1.4 ϭಝ‫ڗ‬Ȅ
๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដߑᏰ‫ޱ‬Ȃୁ૒ີΙএۣ߯‫ ޟ‬IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᏢȂ೻ኺ൷Ԥ DHCP ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃࣸਢ
ࣸΨӻ୨Ȋषौ࢜મӔҢ DMZ ้ПԒ೩ۡȄ
ौ೩ۡᆩၯߨலᙏ൐Ȃѫौ໌Σਹ७ᒵ൐‫فޟ‬ಛ→ᆓ౩→ᆩၯȂณࡣ༲Σձত
তԊ၆ਢ‫ܚ‬ᒯΣ‫ޟ‬এΡழဴ஝ጆȂ൷џоࣼ‫ڗ‬ԃყ 6.8 ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ GUI ೩ۡϭ७Ȅ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-13

‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ‫ڥپ‬ுᆩၯಢᄘ

ყ 6.8

षձԤ IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ꮲ‫࢐ޱܖ‬Ң Cable modem ΰᆩȂѫौԃΰყ؏᡽ 3 ‫ޟ‬ӴПᒵᐅ

࣏ DHCP ։џȂ೽ல೿ DNS ้೩ۡ഍џоՌଢ଼௃ DHCP ‫ڥ‬ுോȊ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬ϗ࡚
ដσড়ີΙএ IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ꮲ࢐࡞ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬IP ᆩၯಢᄘ
षձ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ۡھ‬IPȂ٥ቄӵΰყ؏᡽ 3 ‫ޟ‬ӴПሯौᒵᐅ࣏‫ ۡھ‬IP Ӵ֭։џȄ೻
ਢঐ‫װ‬ᆩᆓ๝ձ‫ ޟ‬IP Ӵ֭ȂυᆩၯᎍဋȞnetmaskȟ‫ڷ‬ႢၾᏢӴ֭Ȟgatewayȟ
༲ΰўȄҥܻձ࢐Ң‫ ۡھ‬IPȂौ଄ுᗙौՌϏЙଢ଼೩ۡ DNS ‫ڹ‬Ȋԃყ 2Ȃ‫װ‬ᆩ
ᆓ֙ວձ‫ ޟ‬DNS ༲ΰў֑Ȋष࢐Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ༲ΰ 168.95.192.1 ‫ ܖ‬168.95.1.1
ζџоҢমȊ࡚ដ༲ΰ‫ڍ‬ಢȂ೻ኺ࿲Ιӵ‫ڏ‬ϛΙѮю୰ᚠࡣȂᗙ૖ᔓձࢥၚ
domain name ‫ ڷ‬IP ‫ᙽޟ‬඲঵Ȋ
6-14 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ყ 6.9

оΰ೩ۡԁࡣȂ൷ᔖ၎૖ғலΰᆩΟȄ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬Ӕ‫ڷ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ᖿΙ‫໌ٲ‬໦‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ೩
ۡ‫׬‬ѽȂषձ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫װ‬ණ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡശԁ࢐Ϛौଢ଼୨Ȋоջҏ‫پ‬џоΰᆩȂࠓ
ೝ‫ڗי‬೿ᆩၯ഍ю౪୰ᚠȄ

ყ 6.10
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-15

ԃყ 6.10Ȃ೻Ιএ೩ۡᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬Мԅϭ७‫ ޟ‬hostsȂ೻‫ٲ‬տᆎ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭џоϚആႆ
DNS ࢥၚȂ‫ޢ‬௥ᄇᔖ‫ ڗ‬IP Ӵ֭Ȅҥܻ IPv6 ࢐ήΙф‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ IP ‫׬‬೚Ȃ౪ӵᗙ‫ؠ‬
Ԥ໠ۖ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ڗࣼޱ‬Ԥ ip6 ‫ޟ‬տᆎួ՝Ȃ഍џоऄΟȊ೻‫ួٲ‬՝‫ ޟ‬IP Ӵ֭
ߝ‫רڷޟ‬ঈΙૡҢኵԅ‫ޟ‬ϚΙኺȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џտऄᒿΟȊѪѴӴ֭࢐ 127 ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࢐
ᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬ҏӴкᐠȂџտϚωЖऄ‫ڗ‬ΟȄ
ӵΙૡ೩ۡϱȂџо೩ۡкᐠӪᆎ‫ڷ‬ᆩ୿ӪᆎȂՄ DNS ೩ۡϱᗙԤཪ൶ᆩ୿
џо೩ۡȂ೻೽லӵ࢜મ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོШၶৠܾҢ‫ڗ‬Ȃ๋‫ོޱ‬ӵМԅϭ७೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ
၏ಠ၌ᇳȄ
ߒ 6-3 ყ‫ל‬ϭ७ᆩၯ೩ۡ‫ࣺڷ‬ᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬Мԅϭ७೩ۡᔬ
GUI ೩ۡ՝ည ᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬Мԅϭ७೩ۡᔬ
ȶാ።ȷШȶ៳‫ݑ‬ȷ ȃ ۶
( IP netmask gateway ) /etc/network/interfaces

ȶϘଠȷШȶѹᑟԩᇍȷ /etc/hostname

ȶϘଠȷШȶᇨாԩᇍȷ /etc/resolv.conf

ȶ ȷ
DNS ֨‫އ‬ᐡ۶ྩඵᇨா
( DNS ) /etc/resolv.conf

ȶѹᑟȷ Գ‫׬‬۶‫־‬ᇍᅆᕕ
( IP ) /etc/hosts

6.1.3 ‫ٺ‬Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬೩ۡฒጣᆩၯ
᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौӑጂۡձ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯවаϐင៮ଢ଼ଔ‫پ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬иԃ಑Πണଆ፣‫ޟ‬
firmware ζᔖ၎ौ၆ଔ‫پ‬ΟȊԃ‫ݎ‬ձີ٥‫ ٲ‬Ubuntu Ԥϱ࡚ firmware ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯ
њȂ൷‫ؠ‬Ԥ೻এྮ඘୨Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆࡾх iwconfig ‫پ‬ጂۡ࢐֏ғல៮ଢ଼Ȅ
षձ‫ٺ‬Ң Broadcom bcm43xx ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬වаȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ Apple ‫ ޟ‬ibookȂᗶณϱ࡚៮
ଢ଼แԒȂծ࢐Ⴑ೩࢐ીЍ firmware ‫ޟ‬মȊձџоήၷоή firmwareȂณࡣԊ၆
Ѻ֑Ȋ
http://www.cqis.ncku.edu.tw/~dbtsai/bcm43xx-firmware_1.1-0ubuntu1_all.deb
6-16 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

กၐฒጣᆩၯ࢐֏ԙђ៮ଢ଼Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ iwconfig
eth0 IEEE 802.11b/g ESSID:"phys" Nickname:"Broadcom 4306"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.432 GHz Access Point: 00:90:CC:B8:CF:2C
Bit Rate:11 Mb/s Tx-Power=10 dBm
RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Link Quality=100/100 Signal level=2/3 Noise level=185/100
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:583 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

ष࢐ձ iwconfig ‫ؠ‬Ԥࣼ‫ڗ‬᜸խΰ७‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȃ٥фߒ Linux kernel ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ڗ׺‬ձ‫ޟ‬

ฒጣᆩၯњȂ೻ਢঐ൷ઍ‫ޟ‬ബྮΟ XDȄձ೻ਢঐџоആႆ lspci ‫پ‬ᄆࣼкᐠ‫ݖ‬ϱ
࡚‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњ࠮ဴȂ‫ޱܖ‬ആႆ lsusb ‫پ‬ு‫ޣ‬ձ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௥ USB ฒጣᆩњ࠮ဴȄആ
ႆ೻‫ࡾٲ‬хȂձрಠ‫ײ‬ΙήԤᜰܻ wireless ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȃΰ७ᔖ၎Ԥ֙ວձ࠮ဴȄӔ
ആႆ಑Πണᒵᗊฒጣᆩၯ฽ᡝ‫׬ޟ‬ѽȂ‫پ‬ጂᇯ࢐֏ೝ Linux ЛධȂषϚЛධ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
џ૖൷ौ፜ձ඲ΙаΟȊ
ࢥၚձฒጣᆩၯњවаȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ lspci
ΘΘΘ ฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
0001:10:12.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless
LAN Controller (rev 03)
ΘΘΘ ฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

षձ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯњԤೝ‫ڗ׺‬Ȃζԙђ៮ଢ଼ΟȂ٥ቄ౪ӵกၐΙή࢐֏џо‫ڗ׺‬
அӴѮȊष࢐Ԥࢥၚ‫ڗ‬அӴѮȂձϐငඁн࢐ԙђ୨Ȋ
ࢥၚձџҢ‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯஅӴѮȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ iwlist eth0 scanning
eth0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 00:90:CC:B8:CF:2C
ESSID:"phys"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bg
Mode:Master
Channel:5
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-17

Encryption key:off
Bit Rates:54 Mb/s
Extra: Rates (Mb/s): 1 2 5.5 6 9 11 12 18 24 36 48 54
Quality=100/100 Signal level=-139 dBm
ΘΘΘ( ฃ )ΘΘΘ
ष࢐ձ iwconfig Ԥ‫ڗ׺‬ฒጣᆩၯњȂծ࢐ࡩኺ഍ scan Ϛ‫ڗ‬ᓜၾ‫ޟ‬ၗȂԤџ૖
࢐ձ‫๋ޟ‬଄࠮Ⴋသ࣏ΟࣸႫȂႱ೩࢐‫װ‬ฒጣᆩၯႫྛᜰഖ‫ޟ‬Ȋ೻ᆍ๋଄࠮Ⴋသ೽
லӵᐠυ٘ΰོԤฒጣᆩၯႫྛࡾҰᐷȂζԤฒጣᆩၯ໠ᜰዥᗤȂ҆໸ौࡸዥᗤ
ϗ૖҈໠ႫྛȂծ೻ዥᗤӵ Linux ΰ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥਝ‫ޟݎ‬ȂᏲमձฒ‫ݲ‬௭ජᓜၾȄ೻ਢ
ঐџо໌Σкᐠ‫ ޟ‬BIOS ፡ᐌȂᡱฒጣᆩၯႫྛΙ‫ޢ‬໠๿Ȃ೻ኺ൷ᔖ၎џо௭ජ
‫ڗ‬ΟȊ‫ޱܖ‬Ң iwconfig wlan0 txpower on ‫پ‬ၐၐࣼȊ
௥ή‫רپ‬ঈौ໠ۖԊ၆ყ࠮ϭ७‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯᆓ౩แԒȂ౪ӵӑ࡚ដձ‫װ‬Ԥጣᆩ
ၯ၆ΰ֑ȊϚณுौӑӵМԅϭ७೩ۡԁฒጣᆩၯȄ
Ԋ၆ყ‫ל‬ฒጣᆩၯᆓ౩ϭ७ȞGnomeȟȈ
sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

Ԋ၆ყ‫ל‬ฒጣᆩၯᆓ౩ϭ७ȞKDEȟȈ
sudo apt-get install knetworkmanager

Ԋ၆‫ࡣׇ‬ȂิюӔิΣ൷ོՌଢ଼ஈ՗୨Ȋ‫ޱܖ‬ձџоӵࡾхӖ዁Ԓ‫ޢ‬௥҈
nm-appletȂ൷ོю౪ᆓ౩ყҰ঵Ȋ

ყ 6.11
6-18 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ԃყ 6.11ȂѺཪ൶‫ڍڗ‬এฒጣᆩၯџо‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ྱٷ‬ձሯौᘈᒵȂ൷ོՌଢ଼೿ΰ
ўমȊԤ‫ٲ‬ฒጣᆩၯ࢐ᗴᙠ ESSID ‫ޟ‬Ȃഅԙཪ൶Ϛ‫ڗ‬Ȃձџоᒵᐅ೿௥‫ڏڗ‬т
‫ޟ‬ฒጣᆩၯȂณࡣӔᒯΣฒጣᆩၯӪᆎ‫ڷ‬ё஝ПԒ൷џо೿ΰ୨Ȋ
Ιૡ‫ڪ‬୫۹‫ޱܖ‬ഫ࿋഼้Ԥฒጣᆩၯ‫ޟ‬ӴП഍‫ؠ‬ԤҢё஝ȂѺঈ௴Ңழဴᇯᜌ
‫ޟ‬ПԒȄषձড়၇‫ޟ‬அӴѮԤё஝‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ཪ൶‫ޟڗ‬Ӫᆎࠉ७ོԤΙএᚇᓞყ
ҰȂᘈ໌ў൷ོौձᒯΣ஝ጆ঄Ȅ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដҢ WEP ൷ԁȂӰ࣏Ԥ‫ٲ‬ฒጣᆩњ‫ޟ‬
៮ଢ଼แԒᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥᛧۡ‫ޟ‬ᄂհ WPA ё஝Ȃਲ਼ᐃ๋‫ޟޱ‬กၐȂ‫ר‬೿ WEP ඁн഍‫ؠ‬Ԥ
୰ᚠȂծ࢐ WPA Ԥਢঐ࡞ϚᛧۡȊ
ौඪᒺ᠞‫࢐ޟޱ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ң network manager оࡣȂ࡚ដ /etc/network/interfaces
൷ϚौЙଢ଼೩ۡോȊ֏ࠌོᡱ network manager Ѷਝ঵ȊѺᗙԤΙএ੫౴ђ
૖ȂџоՌଢ଼րᘞձौҢԤጣᆩၯᗙ࢐ฒጣᆩၯȄ‫ٽ‬ԃձ౪ӵҢฒጣᆩၯȂณࡣ
ձӔ‫װ‬Ԥጣ‫ޟ‬௥ΰўȂѺོՌଢ଼ᔓձᙽ‫ڗ‬Ԥጣ‫ڥٮޟ‬ு IP ‫ڹ‬Ȋ‫ܚ‬о๋‫๋ޟޱ‬଄
࠮Ⴋသѫ၆ network managerȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬೩ۡ‫ר‬഍Ϛ೩ۡΟȂ೻ኺ࡞П߯֟Ȋ

6.1.4 ‫ٺ‬ҢࡾхӖ዁Ԓ೩ۡ ADSL PPPoE ኦ௥

‫ٺ‬ҢМԅϭ७ᐇհ‫پ‬೿ΰ ADSL Modem ኦ௥‫ڏ‬ᄂ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃѫሯौඁএ؏᡽൷
ԁ୨Ȋ
໌Σ PPPoE ೩ۡห७Ȉ
sudo pppoeconf

ॶӑѺོӖюձџо‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᆩၯϭ७Ȃᒵȶ࢐ȷ։џȄณࡣོԃყ 6.12 ௭ජ
ADSL ೩രȄ

ყ 6.12
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-19

௥ή‫ོپ‬ԃყ 6.13ȂѺོጂᇯձ࢐֏஠೩ۡᔬരӋȂӰ࣏Ѻ้Ιήོও‫ڗ׽‬Ȋ
ΙૡՄِ೻এϚҢരӋȂ‫ܚ‬оᒵȶ࢐ȷ։џȊ

ყ 6.13

ԃყ 6.14Ȃ೻၇ौᒯΣ ISP ๝ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴȄ೽லϛ๼Ⴋ߬‫ޟ‬ழဴ࢐ ID ဴጆᗙौ

ёΰ @hinet.netȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ84500000@hinet.netȂ೻ኺϗ࢐ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴমȊ೻এӨড়
ISP ഍ԤϚӣ‫ޟ‬հ‫ݲ‬Ȅ

ყ 6.14

ԃყ 6.15Ȃ೻၇ᒯΣ ISP ๝ձ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȄ

ყ 6.15
6-20 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ყ 6.16 ඪᒺձȂPPPoE ኦ௥ࡣȂΙૡོՌଢ଼‫ װ‬DNS Ӵ֭֙ວձȄ೻၇୰ձ࢐

֏ौ‫ װ‬DNS server Ռଢ଼ё‫ ڗ‬resolv.confȄ࿋ณौᒵȶ࢐ȷȂϚณձᗙौ᚞Ѵ೩
ۡ DNS թ݈Ꮲ֟Ȋ

ყ 6.16

ყ 6.17 ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫רڷ‬ঈӑࠉᆩၯ྅ौ‫ܚ‬ፙ‫ ޟ‬MTU ԤᜰȄӰ࣏ PPPoE ‫࢐ۡڞ‬அܻ

PPP ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оོӵᆩၯቹࡌѓёΰ PPP header 2byteȂณࡣ PPPoE ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬header
Ԥ 6byteȄՄӵ༈ᒯቹ TCP header ҢΟ 20byteȂᆩၯቹࢋԤ‫ ޟ‬IP header 20byteȂ
‫ܚ‬оശࡣ PPPoE џо਌‫ܹپ‬ၥਟ‫ޟ‬σω൷ѫ഻ή 1500-6-2-20-20=1452Ȃ೻এ
঄൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬MSS ΟȊӰԪषձ‫ ޟ‬MSS ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೩ۡ‫ ڗ‬1452 ٥ቄσȂԤџ૖ོӰ
࣏ࡌѓөѴ༈ሎਢȂོӰ࣏ЊσюϚўȂᏲम࢚Ι‫ٲ‬ᆩમฒ‫໌ݲ‬ΣȄ‫ܚ‬о೻এᒵ
໶Ιۡौᒵȶ࢐ȷমȊ

ყ 6.17

ყ 6.18 ࢐୰ձौϚौΙ໠ᐠ൷Ռଢ଼೿ጣȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоຜձ‫ޟ‬ሯौ‫ؚۡ‬୨Ȋ࿋ณ
ζ࢐џоЙଢ଼೿ጣ঵Ȋ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-21

ყ 6.18

౪ӵᔖ၎ϐငџоΰᆩ୨Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џоၐၐࣼ ifconfigȂོี౪ӻΟΙএ ppp ၆

ညോȊ
ࢥၚ ppp ၆ညȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/etc$ ifconfig
ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:59.113.0.1 P-t-P:59.113.0.254 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1492 Metric:1
RX packets:16632835 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12857901 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
RX bytes:1475487483 (1407.1 MB) TX bytes:2359850091 (2250.5 MB)
ΘΘΘ( ฃ )ΘΘΘ
᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾх‫ࢥپ‬ၚ PPPoE ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ
ࡾхȈ
plog

षձौЙଢ଼‫ װ‬ADSL ኦဴᘞጣȂџоആႆ೻এࡾхȄ

ࡾхȈ
sudo poff

षձौЙଢ଼ኦ௥ ADSL ΰᆩȂџоആႆоήࡾхȄ

ࡾхȈ
sudo pon dsl-provider
6-22 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

6.1.5 லҢ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯࣺᜰࡾх
กၐᆩၯࠢ፴
࿋ᆩၯю౪୰ᚠਢȂ‫ޱܖ‬ᘞᘞ៉៉Ȃ‫ר‬ঈலҢ ping ‫پ‬ᕣ၌ᆩၯஅҏ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄѺ
‫ܚ‬༈ଚ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓ࢐ ICMP ࡌѓȂ‫ٮ‬ौؑᄇПкᐠ๝ᇄӱᔖȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈலலོҢ೻‫ٲ‬
੫‫پܒ‬ு‫ޣ‬ᆩၯ‫ޑ‬ᄘȂ࢈೻এࡾхᄇᆩᆓՄِȂ਌‫ پ‬debug ᆩၯᒿᇲ࢐࡞ԁҢ
‫֟ޟ‬Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
೶ᑇ> <‫>ܿچ‬
ping <
# ‫אױܿچ‬ਢ IP ࢨृጻܿ
# -b ኙ broadcast IP ‫ ܂‬ping ऱ೯‫܂‬Δᄎኙᇠጻ੄ࢬ‫׌ڶ‬ᖲ ping
# -c ઎‫܃‬૞ኙᇠ‫ܿچ‬ຑᥛ ping ༓‫ڻ‬೺Μૉլ‫ף‬ऱᇩΔᄎԫऴ ping Հ‫װ‬
# -i ‫ ڻޢ‬ping ऱழၴၴሶΔ‫ ڶ׽‬root թ౨՛࣍ 0.2 ઞໝΜ
# -n ‫ ڇ‬ping ऱழଢլ೚ IP ֘਷Δຍᑌຒ৫ᄎֺለ‫ݶ‬Ζ
# -s ಬ‫װנ‬ऱ ICMP ৞‫ץ‬Օ՛Δቃ๻੡ 56 byteΔ‫ף‬Ղ 8 byte ऱ ICMP ।ᙰ
# ༉ਢ MSS ೺Μૉ૞઎ऱਢጻሁᐋՕ՛Δᝫ૞‫ף‬Ղ 20 byte ऱ IP ।ᙰ৞‫ץ‬Δ
# ࢬ‫ݺא‬ଚ‫ ྒྷڇ‬MTU ऱழଢΔ૞྇‫ װ‬28 թਢ ICMP ৞‫ץ‬Օ՛ໝΖ
# -M do ‫ ڇ‬ICMP ৞‫ץ‬Ղᑑಖ੡ Don't FragmentΔՈ༉ਢ‫ڇ‬ሁ‫ط‬խլ౨ࣈၲ৞‫ץ‬
# ൄ‫ྒྷڇش‬ၦ MTU հ‫ش‬Ζ
# -M dont ଶ‫ࡉړ‬Ղ૿լ‫ٵ‬Δ،‫ז‬।ထሁ‫ط‬ᕴ‫ނאױ‬ଅ‫ֺګࣈץ‬ለ՛‫ץ‬ऱΜ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ping -c 2 168.95.192.1 # ping խဎሽॾ DNS 5 ‫ڻ‬
PING 168.95.192.1 (168.95.192.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 168.95.192.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=248 time=43.1 ms
64 bytes from 168.95.192.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=248 time=42.0 ms

--- 168.95.192.1 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 41.920/42.663/43.385/0.587 ms

# 56(84) ߷ଡ‫ז‬।Ա ICMP ᇷற‫ ڶ‬56 byteΔ84 ਢጻሁᐋՕ՛Δ

# ਢ 56 + ICMP 8 + IP 20 = 84 byteΔຍଡࡉ MTU ਢጩࠩ‫ٵ‬ԫᐋऱ໢‫ۯ‬ໝΜ
# 64 byte ‫ז‬।Ա 56 + ICMP 8ΔՈ༉ਢ‫ڬ‬ೈ IP ।ᙰऱՕ՛
# ttl ‫ז‬।ထ৞‫ץ‬ᆖመ༓ଡ nodeΔ‫ޢ‬ᆖመԫଡ node ৵ TTL ᄎ྇ 1Δ،ऱದࡨଖ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-23

# ਢൕ 255 ၲࡨΔࢬ‫א‬။൷२ 255 ‫ז‬।ᆖመऱ router ࢨ bridge ။֟Ζ

ਢ‫ڃ‬ᚨழၴΔᅝྥਢ။࿍။‫ړ‬೺ΜՈ‫ז‬।‫܃‬ଚհၴऱጻሁणउৰ‫ړ‬Ζ
# time 43.1 ms

࿋๋‫ޱ‬ᆩၯю౪୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂོҢоή؏᡽‫پ‬ଶᒿȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џо୤ՃΙήȄ
ping 127.0.0.1Ȉ೻࢐ ping ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬loopback ၆ညȂष೿೻এ഍Ϛ೽‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
σ྅࢐ᐌএ Linux ᆩၯਯЖ഍Ԥ୰ᚠȂ೻ਢঐձσ྅ौӑᔮࢥՌϏ‫ޟ‬Ⴋ
သȊ
ping < ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬IP Ӵ֭> Ȉΰ७‫ޟ‬กၐ‫ؠ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೻এ೽லζϚོԤϧቄ
୰ᚠȂଶߨᆩၯњԤᒿᇲȄ
ping <gateway>Ȉࣼࣼୢ୿ᆩၯᄇѴ‫ ޟ‬router Ԥ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೽ȂཤϚԁ࢐ router
೻၇௮ΟȊ
ping 168.95.192.1 Ȉ೻࢐ϛ๼Ⴋ߬‫ ޟ‬DNS Ȅᗶณ‫ר‬กၐ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯϚΙۡ࢐
ϛ๼Ⴋ߬Ȃծ࢐ѺџᎬ‫࡞ܒ‬ଽȂல਌‫پ‬࿋ԙ‫ר‬กၐᄇຫȄष೻၇Ϛ೽‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
σ྅࢐ᆩၯᄇѴΟጣၯ࢈ራȂԃ ADSL ᘞጣ้Ȅष࢐ time ঄࡞ଽȂџ૖࢐
ୢᆩϱԤΡӵ‫ ׺‬BT ‫ ܖ‬P2P ᏲमᆩၯϚᛧȄ
ѪѴᗙԤΙএࡾхᄇܻ debug ᆩၯ࡞ԤҢȂ൷࢐ tracepath ୨Ȋலல‫ר‬ঈԤ‫ٲ‬
ᆩમџо೿Ȃծ࢚‫ٲ‬ᆩમ೿ϚΰўȂ೻ਢঐџоҢ೻এПԒ‫پ‬ᔮࢥ‫ڗ‬၎Ѯкᐠ‫ޟ‬
ၯҥԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȄѺ‫ޟ‬ন౩࢐Ң ICMP ёΰ ttl ў‫װ‬ငႆ‫ޟ‬ၯҥӒഋ‫׺‬ю‫پ‬ȄծӰ
࣏Ԥ‫ٲ‬ငႆ‫ޟ‬ၯҥོᚇ ICMPȂ‫ܚ‬оԤџ૖ເ‫ڗ‬ΙјོԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥӱᔖ‫ޟ‬ၯҥᏢȄ
ࡾхȈ
tracepath <‫>ܿچ‬
# -n ‫ ڇ‬tracepath ऱழଢլ೚ IP ֘਷Δຍᑌຒ৫ᄎֺለ‫ݶ‬

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ tracepath 168.95.192.1
1: 140.116.xx.xx (140.116.xx.xx) 0.195ms pmtu 1500
1: 140.116.xx.xx (140.116.xx.xx) 1.050ms
2: 140.116.xx.xx (140.116.xx.xx) 1.064ms
3: 140.116.xx.xx (140.116.xx.xx) 0.927ms
4: tn-cd-tanet-gw01.router.hinet.net (211.20.206.58) 1.555ms
5: tn-cd-c12r1.router.hinet.net (203.75.72.90) 1.028ms
6: tn-st-c12r11.router.hinet.net (220.128.26.34) 1.674ms
6-24 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

7: ty-fo-c12r11.router.hinet.net (220.128.8.6) asymm 10 7.307ms

8: tp-s2-c12r11.router.hinet.net (220.128.1.30) 8.058ms
9: tp-s2-c12r2.router.hinet.net (220.128.1.109) 8.465ms
10: tp-s2-c6r10.router.hinet.net (211.22.35.161) 7.719ms
11: 210.59.204.198 (210.59.204.198) 8.341ms
12: 210.59.204.210 (210.59.204.210) 7.215ms reached
Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 12 back 12

DNS ғІࢥၚ
௃ᆩ֭ࢥၚ IPȂ‫ר‬ঈΙૡᆎ࣏ DNS ғ၌Ȅषு‫ޣ‬Ο IPȂདौࢥၚѺ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭Ȃ
Ιૡᆎ࣏І၌ȄՄғ၌‫ڷ‬І၌џо࢐ϚΙኺȂӰ࣏‫ר‬ঈџоҧ፜࡞ӻএᆩ୿ᄇᔖ
‫ڗ‬ӣΙএ IPȂծ࢐І၌ጂौΰቹ൐՝ᔓձ೩ۡȊ‫ܚ‬оΙૡΡ࡞ЍԤᐠོ೩ۡІ၌
‫ޟ‬ȂѫԤடཾ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯҢИ ISP ϗོᔓձ೩ۡȄ‫ܚ‬оԤ‫ٲ‬ᔬ‫ޟֱ߬ڿ‬ПԒ࢐ࣼІ၌
ᆩ୿ȂӰོ࣏ี‫ޟֱ߬ڿ‬ඁн഍࢐௃٥ඁএІ၌ᆩ୿ю‫ޟپ‬ȄȄ
‫ٽ‬ԃ Ubuntu Ѯᢊમ www.ubuntu.org.tw ‫ޟ‬ғІ၌൷ϚӣȂձџо௃І၌ࣼ‫ڗ‬
ѺܹӵѮࠒᑪᆩϛЖ၇७Ȅ
ࡾхȈ
nslookup < ‫>ܿۯ‬ # ૉਢ‫ ף‬IP ऱᇩ༉ਢ֘ᇞΔૉ‫ף‬ጻܿऱᇩ༉‫إ‬ᇞ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ nslookup www.ubuntu.org.tw # DNS ‫إ‬ᇞ
Server: 168.95.192.1 # ࠌ‫ش‬ऱ DNS ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ
Address: 168.95.192.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www.ubuntu.org.tw
Address: 203.68.102.240 # ਷ᇬ‫ࠐנ‬ऱ࿨࣠
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ nslookup 203.68.102.240 # DNS ֘ᇞ
Server: 168.95.192.1
Address: 168.95.192.1#53

240.102.68.203.in-addr.arpa name = www.opensource.org.tw. # ਷ᇬ‫ࠐנ‬ऱ࿨࣠

Authoritative answers can be found from:
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-25

102.68.203.in-addr.arpa nameserver = mrtg.tnc.edu.tw.

102.68.203.in-addr.arpa nameserver = dns.tnc.edu.tw.
mrtg.tnc.edu.tw internet address = 163.26.200.2
dns.tnc.edu.tw internet address = 163.26.200.1

6.1.6 ࢥၚкᐠҬࠉ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ
ष࢐ձདौ‫ޣ‬ၾҬࠉкᐠΰԤ঺‫ ٲ‬port ‫݈ܖ‬୛ӵ listenȂџоᡱտΡ೿໌‫پ‬Ȃ
‫ܖ‬кᐠΰԤ঺Ι‫ٲ‬೿ጣȂџоആႆ netstat ‫پ‬ႀԙോȊ
ࡾхȈ
netstat
# -a ٨‫ڶࢬנ‬ຑᒵΔ‫ ܶץ‬TCPΔUDP ࡉ socket ຏಛ
# -l ٨‫נ‬ਢ‫׌‬ᖲ‫ ڇ‬Listen ऱຑᒵΔຏൄ੡‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴຌ᧯
# -n ‫ ڇ‬netstat ऱழଢլ೚ IP ֘਷Δຍᑌຒ৫ᄎֺለ‫ݶ‬
# -p ٨‫شࠌנ‬ᇠຑᒵऱຌ᧯‫ټ‬ጠࡉ PID
# -t ٨‫ נ‬TCP ຏಛຝٝຑᒵ
# -u ٨‫ נ‬UDP ຏಛຝٝຑᒵ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ netstat -tpnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7840/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9779/apache2
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5372/vsftpd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5355/sshd

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоு‫ޣ‬кᐠΰԤ঺‫ ٲ‬port ೝ҈໠ӵ ListenȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ೻Ѯ࢐๋

‫ޟޱ‬թ݈ᏢȂ‫ܚ‬оџоࣼ‫ڗ‬ඁএலҢ‫ ޟ‬port ഍ೝ҈໠୨Ȋ೻এҢ‫ پ‬debug ձ‫ޟ‬
թ݈Ꮲ࡞ԁҢȂζџо‫ޣ‬ၾҬࠉԤӻЍ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬ձ‫ޟ‬թ݈ᏢΰȄ
ࢥၚ೩ۡᆩၯњಢᄘ
๋‫ޱ‬ϐငӵ࡞ӻএϚӣ‫ޟ‬ൟӫϭಝ‫ ڗ‬ifconfig ೻এࡾхΟȂ೻၇ғԒ‫ڷޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬
ϭಝΙήȊѺ‫ޟ‬ђ૖࡞ӻȂѓ֤џоࢥၚҬࠉᆩၯњಢᄘȂ‫ޱܖ‬೩ۡΙ‫ݍٲ‬ՙȂ
6-26 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ר‬ঈ‫װ‬೩ۡᔬቸӵ /etc/network/interfaces ၇७ࡣȂζ࢐ആႆ ifconfig ўઍ

ғ೩ۡ‫֟ޟ‬Ȋ
ࡾхȈ
ifconfig <interfaces> <options>
# ‫شױ‬ऱ ‫ڶ‬ Δ ࡉ mtu ࿛ΔՈ‫ ףאױ‬IP address
options netmask broadcast
# ૉ‫ף‬Ղ down ࢨ up ऱᇩΔ༉ਢඔ‫ࢨش‬ᣂຨᇠጻሁᇘᆜໝΜ
# ੷۟‫ شאױ‬ifconfig eth1 hw ether 11:22:33:44:55:66 ࠐ‫ޏ‬ጻሁ‫ ׬‬MAC ‫׬‬ᇆ

ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:24:29:3C:BD
inet addr:192.168.0.141 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:112251 errors:0 dropped:72593 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:111636 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:88025996 (83.9 MiB) TX bytes:10474558 (9.9 MiB)
Interrupt:52 Base address:0x8000

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1352 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1352 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:21566778 (20.5 MiB) TX bytes:21566778 (20.5 MiB)

ԃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃձࣼ‫ڗ‬Οஅҏ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ೩ۡၥਟΟ֑Ȋ๋‫ޱ‬൷ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϭಝϚӣួ՝‫ޟ‬ཎࡦȄ
HWaddr ഺබ࣏ᇨႮҙ MAC addressȂ௄ӎϯഺ࣏ԑѵधᑾϘ๑ϟߞȂ֭
ְ࣏Ҟѽ൅Ⴥ ifconfig ৒‫ؼ‬Ȅ‫ڼ‬Ղӎ‫ڼ‬බ࣏ 00:11:24:29:3C:BDȄ
inet addr Դፑ‫ڼ‬Кߞ 192.168.0.141 බ࣏ eth0 ߞ IP ඊȊ
RX packets ҃ࠑϞᇨႮҙుӡࢢత՜ۖԺьৎࢋҒ
TX packets ҃ࠑϞᇨႮҙుӡࢢཇ୙ҍҝԺьৎࢋҒ
MTU ంᇨႮኸᇖ୓‫ڽ‬൵ЂࢋҒߞЂЈ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-27

٥এ lo ၆ည൷࢐‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬loopback ೩രȂѺலலҢӵкᐠϱഋ‫ ޟ‬TCP/IP แԒ

ྜ೽Ȃ൷Ϛሯौငႆᆩњ୨Ȋ‫ܚ‬оѺ‫ ޟ‬IP 127.0.0.1 லҢӵкᐠՌϏ೿‫ڗ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬
ਢঐҢȂиӰ࣏‫ޢ‬௥ӵкᐠϱ༈ሎȂMTU ൷ོ࢐ TCP/IP ‫ޟ‬౩፣ശσ঄Ȃ‫ܚ‬оਝ
౥ΰ‫پ‬ᇳོШ೿‫ ڗ‬eth0 ᗙԁ࡞ӻോȊ
ԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃifconfig ζџо਌‫ޢپ‬௥೩ۡ၎၆ည‫ ޟ‬IPȂծ଄ுᗙौѪѴҢ
route ёΰ gateway ോȊresolv.conf ‫ ޟ‬DNS ಢᄘζौѪѴ೩ۡȄ

೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬IPȈ
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 #๻ࡳ IP ࡉ netmask
sudo route add default gw 192.168.0.1 # ๻ࡳ gateway ሴሐᕴ

ᔮຜձ‫ޟ‬ၯҥߒ
ӵᆩၯ྅፣‫ޟ‬ӴП๋‫ޱ‬ඪႆȂҏᐠႫသ࢐Ң netmask ‫ࡌؚۡپ‬ѓ࢐Ϛ࢐ୢᆩ
ϱȂषϚӵୢᆩϱ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ོଚ‫ ڗ‬routerȞgatewayȟўᙽଚ‫ڏڗ‬тᆩ୿Ȅࠉ७
ఀᏰϛϐငଆ፣‫ڗ‬ԃդ೩ۡ IP ‫ ڷ‬netmaskȂ٥ route table ौӵ঺၇೩‫ڹ‬ȉ๎ਰ
൷ӵ route ೻এࡾхȄ
ࡾхȈ
route # -n ‫ ق᧩ڇ‬route table ழլၞ۩ IP ֘ᇞΔຒ৫ᄎֺለ‫ݶ‬
ၯҥߒጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

ԃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ೻࢐๋‫ޱ‬ӵ IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ꮲࡣ७‫ܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ၯҥߒȄ಑Ιএ Destination фߒΟ

ҬӴᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬фဴȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ಑Ιన࢐ 192.168.0.0ȂфߒΟୢ୿ᆩၯᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬໠ۖȂѺ
Ϛሯौငႆ gateway ൷џо‫ޢ‬௥௃ switch ೿‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оѺ‫ ޟ‬gateway ঄࢐ 0.0.0.0Ȅ
಑Ιన‫ ޟ‬genmask ‫ڏ‬ᄂ൷࢐ netmaskȂфߒΟ၎ᆩࢲ‫ޟ‬σωȄ
಑Πనೣࠌ‫ ޟ‬Destination ࢐ 0.0.0.0 и genmask ࢐ 0.0.0.0Ȅծӈդ IP ‫ڷ‬
0.0.0.0 ೻এ netmask ୈ AND ᡒᒮၼᆗȂҗሉ഍࢐ Destination ‫ޟ‬ᆩࢲ 0.0.0.0Ȃ
6-28 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

‫ܚ‬оѺфߒΟжࣨΰ‫ܚ‬Ԥᆩၯ IP ‫ޟ‬໱ӫȄ೻ཎ‫ڨ‬๿೻నೣࠌ֙ວႫသȂϚᆓҬ
‫ޟ‬Ӵӵ঺၇Ȃ഍ौ‫ ܁‬gateway ଚȄ
᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨‫܏ۉ‬Ȃ಑Πనೣࠌ܏܏‫ޟ‬୭ȊϚ࢐ᇳୢᆩѫौ‫ޢ‬௥೿ጣȂϚሯौင
ႆ gateway ༝ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐೻ኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࿋ࡌѓӵրտၯҥਢȂོӑ௃಑Ιన‫܁וٷ‬ή
րտȂ࿋ԙҳ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ൷ོଚюўϚӔրտȄ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻এ‫ٽ‬υϛȂଚ‫܁‬ୢᆩ‫ޟ‬
ࡌѓӵ಑Ιనೣࠌ൷ೝրտю‫پ‬ΟȂ࿋ณ൷ҢϚ‫ڗ‬಑Πన୨Ȋष‫ؠ‬Ԥ಑Ιనࡩ
ቄᒲȉ೻ਢঐႫသོ‫װ‬Ϛᆓୢᆩϱ‫ܖ‬ୢᆩѴ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓ഍ଚ‫ ڗ‬routerȂณࡣ router
ོᔓ‫ר‬ঈ‫װ‬Ҭ‫ޟ‬Ӵ࢐ӵୢᆩϱ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓӔଚӱ‫پ‬ȂϚႆ೻ኺΙ‫پ‬Ι‫܁‬Ȃᆩၯਝ૖
൷ϚԁΟȊ๋‫ޱ‬൷ႄႆ݉Є‫װ‬ՌϏᆩࢲ‫ ޟ‬netmask ೩ԙ 255.255.255.255Ȃӣ
Ᏸঈ഍ӵୢᆩϱ‫׺‬ԁஶ‫ޟ‬Ȃծтᗶณ೿ு‫ڗ‬Ȃࠓഀ࡙੫տᄚȂᖑ݂‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃձ
‫ޣ‬ၾনӰΟ༝ȉ
षձϚ࢐Ң೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ‫ ܖ‬GUI ϭ७೩ۡᆩၯȂ٥ route table ൷ौՌϏ೩ΟȂ
೻၇ϚՃኌσ࠮ᆩၯᕗცԤԁඁএϚӣ‫ޟ‬ၯҥȂौ‫ྱٷ‬ϚӣҬӴᆩ୿ᒵᐅၯҥ‫ޟ‬
௑‫ל‬ȂѫՃኌΙૡᕗცོҢ‫ޟڗ‬೩ۡȄ
ւଶၯҥጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo route del -net 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.0.1
# 0.0.0.0 ‫شאױ‬ defaultཙ‫ז‬Μ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџо‫ װ‬0.0.0.0ȞџҢ default ෇фȟ٥నၯҥւଶȄ࿋ᆩၯ

Ϛ೽ਢȂӑᔮࢥၯҥ೩ۡԤ‫ؠ‬ԤᒿᇲȂषԤᒿ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоҢоΰПԒ‫װ‬ѺऄΟȊ
ӔҢ௥ή‫ޟپ‬ПԒ१ཱི೩ۡၯҥ֑Ȋ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-29

ཱིቨၯҥጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo route add -net default gw 192.168.0.1
# ່৵‫ףאױ‬ ਐࡳ‫ش‬ຍ്ጻሁ‫׬‬Ζ
dev eth0
# ᅝֆ‫׹‬փຝ‫׼ڶ‬؆ԫଡ՛ጻ഑ழΔ‫شאױ‬
# add -net <‫ؾ‬ᑑጻ഑> <netmask> gw <gateway> ࠐਐࡳᇠጻ഑ऱ route tableΔ
# ່৵٦‫ף‬Ղ default ऱሁ‫ط‬Ζ
# ૉਢ૞ਐࡳ໢ຝ‫׌‬ᖲሁ‫ط‬ऱᇩΔ‫ شאױ‬add -host IP <netmask> gw <gateway>
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ‫ڥ‬ுձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯಢᄘ

࿋ᖝਢ‫ڗ‬Ιএ‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂձζϚད‫׽‬ଢ଼ᆩၯ೩ۡᔬȂ٥Ԥএᙏ߯‫ޟ‬П
ԒᡱձՌଢ଼‫ڥ‬ு IP ้ᆩၯಢᄘȄ
DHCP ࡾхȈ
sudo dhclient eth0 # ‫ڇ‬ጻ‫ ׬‬eth0 Ղ࠷൓ IPΔnetmaskΔgateway ࡉ DNS ๻ࡳ
೽ல‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯȂ഍ོՌଢ଼ඪ‫ܚټ‬Ԥ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȃ‫ܚ‬оΙծԙђ‫ڥ‬ு
IPȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ձϧቄ഍Ϛሯौ೩ۡΟȄषձौؐԩ഍Ң DHCPȂӵࠉ७ GUI ‫ޱܖ‬ή
Ιω࿽഍ԤϭಝȄ
6-30 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

6.1.7 ‫ٺ‬Ң༈ಛ೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೩ۡԤጣᆩၯ
ߒ 6-4 १ौ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ೩ۡᔬ
೩ۡᔬ ᇳ݂
/etc/network/interfaces ന‫ܠ‬ᇨႮ IPȃNetmask ۶ Gateway ‫ڹݕ‬ӡ DHCP ຈᇨ
Ⴎೡᅗ
/etc/resolv.conf ന‫ ܠ‬DNS ֨‫އ‬ᐡ۶ӎᑟߞᇨாԩᇍ‫ݕ‬ᇨாࣤ႙ԕࠑ
/etc/hostname ѹᑟԩᇍന‫( ܠ‬hostname)
/etc/hosts ࢙Ӳᔖᅗѹᑟԩᇍሃ IP ᅆᕕ
ߒ 6-4 ӖюΟӨএ१ौ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ೩ۡᔬȂ๋‫ޱ‬஠ོംΙ‫ޟ‬၌ភ‫ڏ‬ђ૖ᇄҢഊȄΙ
ૡ‫ؠ‬Ԥ੫੆ሯؑ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ೽ல೩ۡΟ interfaces ‫ ڷ‬resolv.conf ൷૖ᡱᆩၯғጂ‫ޟ‬ၼ
հȊष਌‫࢜پ‬મ‫ ࢜ޱܖ‬NAT ‫ޟ‬ၗȂhostname ‫ ڷ‬hosts ൷࡞१ौΟȂᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ
‫ོ܁܁‬Ᏺमᆩၯਝ૖࡞৯Ȅ
೩ۡᔬ interfaces

ॶӑ๋‫ޟޱ‬кᐠԤ‫ڍ‬аᆩၯњ eth0 ‫ ڷ‬eth1Ȅ୅೩಑Ιаौ೩ۡԙ‫ ۡھ‬IPȂ಑

Πаौ೩ԙ‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ‫ڥپ‬ு IP ಢᄘȄ೻এጒ‫ٽ‬஠ོҰጒ๝᠞‫ޱ‬Ο၌ԃդ‫ྱٷ‬
‫ר‬ঈ‫ܚ‬ජक़‫ٽޟ‬υ‫پ‬೩ۡᆩၯȄ᠞‫ޱ‬ौ೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬IP ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂөձঈ‫ޟ‬ᆩᆓ‫ڥ‬ு
ᆩၯ IP ֑ȊϚौ༄೩ۡോȊ‫ר‬ঈ‫ف‬ΰ൷ෆငԤএ࡞Јռ‫ޟ‬ఀ௲‫װ‬т‫ޟ‬кᐠ೩ԙ
140.116.xxx.1Ȃ٥Ѯতԁ‫רڷ‬ঈ‫ف‬ΰ‫ ޟ‬Web server Ιኺ IPȂ৛‫ר‬ঈᆩॲкᐠԁ
ඁЈ҈Ϛ໠Ȋശࡣ‫ڗײ‬ӏЙΟȂ٥՝ఀ௲ᗙᇳਪҏΰ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬൷࢐Ң xxx.xxx.xxx.1
ߡȊ࣏ϧቄтϚ૖Ңȉઍ࢐Ԥஊ Orz ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
౪ӵҢձശዣொ‫ޟ‬МԅጡᒮᏢ‫װ‬೩ۡᔬ҈໠֑Ȋ
ጡᒮ interfaces ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

೩ۡᔬ interfaces ϱৠጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

auto lo # ඔ‫ ش‬lookback ๻ໂΖࣹრΔᓮլ૞‫ޏ‬೯،Μ
iface lo inet loopback # ๻ࡳ lookback ๻ໂΖࣹრΔՈլ૞‫ޏ‬೯ࠩ،Μ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-31

auto eth0 # ඔ‫ ش‬eth0 ጻሁ‫׬‬Δૉ‫הࠡڶ܃‬ጻሁ‫׬‬Δ‫אױ‬ऴ൷

auto eth1 # ‫ڇף‬৵૿᧢‫ ګ‬auto eth0 eth1ʳ ࢨृᗑ‫ګم‬ԫ۩๻ࡳ
iface eth0 inet static # ๻ࡳ eth0 ຍ്ጻሁ‫׬‬੡ࡐࡳ ip
address 192.168.1.5 # ๻ࡳ IP ‫ܿچ‬
netmask 255.255.255.0 # ๻ࡳ՗ጻሁᔟᆝ
gateway 192.168.1.1 # ๻ሴሐᕴ
network 192.168.1.0 # ๻ࡳጻሁ‫ז‬ᇆΔլԫࡳ૞๻ࡳΔ‫ྤױڶױ‬Μ
broadcast 192.168.1.255 # ๻ࡳᐖᐾ‫ܿچ‬Δլԫࡳ૞๻ࡳΔ‫ྤױڶױ‬Μ
iface eth1 inet dhcp # ๻ࡳ eth1 ຍ്ጻሁ‫׬‬ൕ DHCP server ࠷൓ IP
‫ྱٷ‬ΰ७ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎ឈு࡞ᙏ൐֑Ȋ଄ுോȂlo ࢐ϱഋӱ୼Ң‫ޟ‬ຎᔣᆩၯ
೩രȂϚौўও‫ڗ׽‬ѺോȊᗙԤӵ೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬IP ਢȂnetwork ‫ ڷ‬broadcast ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐
џо௃ IP address ‫ ڷ‬netmask ௰ᆗю‫پ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻‫ڍ‬এ঄‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐џоϚҢ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬Ȃ
೻၇Ӗю‫࣏࢐پ‬Οቨёᇳ݂‫ׇޟ‬ᐌ‫ܒ‬Ȅ
೻၇೩ۡԁΟоࡣȂሯौ१ཱིంଢ଼ᆩၯϭ७Ȃ೻ኺϗ૖ᡱཱི‫ޟ‬ᆩၯಢᄘҡਝȄ
࡞ӻ᠞‫ོޱ‬ឈு‫ࡩ܏ۉ‬ቄ‫ׇ׽‬Οоࡣᆩၯ೩ۡ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫؁‬ᡐ֟ȊࣥՍԤΡӰԪ१ཱི
໠ᐠ‫ٺپ‬ᆩၯ೩ۡҡਝȄ଄ு୨ȂLinux ࢐ϚሯौԃԪல१ཱི໠ᐠȂѫौஈ՗о
ήࡾх൷џоᡱཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡҡਝ୨Ȋ
१ཱིంҢᆩၯϭ७Ȉ
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

ζџоѫ१ཱིంଢ଼൐Ιᆩၯ೩രȈ
sudo ifdown eth0 # ᣂຨ eth0 ຍଡᇘᆜ
sudo ifup eth0 # ඔ‫ ش‬eth0 ࠀൕ interfaces ᦰ࠷๻ࡳᚾ

೩ۡᔬ resolv.conf

๋‫ޱ‬Ԥႄႆ೩ۡԁΟᆩၯȂ݂݂ ping IP ོ೽Ȃծ҈ᆩ֭൷Ϛོ೽Ȋ೻࢐Ӱ࣏

‫ן‬Ο೩ۡ DNS թ݈ᏢΟȂᏲमᆩ֭Ϛ૖ആႆ DNS server ᙽԙ IPȄ
6-32 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ጡᒮ resolv.conf ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

೩ۡᔬ resolv.conf ϱৠጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

nameserver 168.95.192.1 # DNS รԫ‫׌؀‬ᖲ
nameserver 168.95.1.1 # DNS รԲ‫׌؀‬ᖲ

೽ல‫ר‬ঈಬᄛ೩ۡ‫ڍ‬Ѯ DNS кᐠȂᗗջ࿲Ι঺ΙѮ࢈ራΟȂᏲमձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯю

౪ϚғலȄ๋‫ޱ‬ಬᄛ࢐಑ΙѮ೩ۡՌϏ൐՝࢜‫ ޟ‬DNSȂ಑ΠѮџо೩ۡϛ๼Ⴋ
߬‫ ޟ‬168.95.192.1ȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ϛ๼Ⴋ߬‫ ޟ‬DNS ᄇϚᆓ঺၇‫ ޟپ‬ISP ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬഍ඪ‫ټ‬
݈୛Ȃ‫ٮ‬иࢥၚ࡞‫פ‬Ȅӵ೩ۡᔬϛȂശӻѫ૖೩‫ڗ‬έѮȄѺ‫ࢥޟ‬ၚПԒ࢐Ȃོӑ
ө಑ΙѮၚ୰Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬಑ΙѮ‫ؠ‬ԤӱᔖȂࠌՌଢ଼ө಑ΠѮࢥၚȄ
೩ۡᔬϛᗙԤ‫ڏ‬тџо೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ᒵ໶Ȃԃ search ‫ ڷ‬domainȂѺঈ‫ޟ‬ђ૖‫ڏ‬ᄂ࡞
௥ߖȄ‫ݧ‬ཎോȊѺঈ‫ڍ‬এѫ૖೩ۡΙএȂζ൷࢐೻‫ڍ‬এᒵ໶࢐ϣҌ‫ޟ‬Ȅषӣਢ೩
ۡӵ resolv.conf ၇७Ȃ൷оശࡣΙএԤਝോȊ
೩ۡᔬ resolv.conf ϛ‫ٺ‬Ң search ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
search bd-dvd.org emook.org
nameserver 168.95.192.1 # DNS รԫ‫׌؀‬ᖲ
nameserver 168.95.1.1 # DNS รԲ‫׌؀‬ᖲ
ԃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ search ϛ೩ۡΟ 2 এᆩ୿ȂԪਢ๋‫ ޱ‬ping www ‫ޱܖ‬೿ጣ‫ڗ‬
www ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོีҡϧቄ‫ڹٱ‬ȉॶӑѺོკၐҢ DNS ғ၌www.bd-dvd.orgȂषѺ
Ԇӵ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷‫ޢ‬௥ଚӱѺ‫ ޟ‬IP Ӵ֭Ȅष࢐ϚԆӵ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӔკၐwww.emook.orgȄ
ζ൷࢐Ѻོᄇձौғ၌‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭ӑёΰ search ϱ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ࢥၚȂष‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗϗོ‫ޢ‬
௥Ңձ๝Ѻ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭ࢥၚȄ೻এ‫׬‬ѽӵ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬ӣᆩ୿‫ޟ‬кᐠலலҢ‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈல‫װ‬Ռ
Ϗୢᆩ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿೩ӵ search ၇७Ȃ೻ኺυ൷ѫौ҈кᐠӪᆎ൷џо೿ΰ୨Ȋ
೻ Ԥ এ ી ᘈ Ȃ ष ձ ౪ ӵ ौ ೿ www.gmail.com Ȃ Ѻ ॶ ӑ ོ Ң DNS ғ ၌
www.gmail.com.bd-dvd-.orgȂष࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗӵ‫ࢥוٷ‬ၚήўȂശࡣϗོࢥၚ‫ڗ‬
www.gmail.comȄ‫ؠ‬ᒿȂ൷࢐٥ቄಏȊ‫ܚ‬оषձ search ၇७೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿Ϛ࢐ୢ
ᆩϱ‫ޟ‬ၗȂиձ‫ؠ‬ԤՌϏ‫ ޟ‬DNS serverȂ೻ኺυ೻‫ࢥٲ‬ၚ഍ོ‫ڗ‬Ѵ७‫ ޟ‬DNS ࢥ
ၚȂ‫ོٮ‬Ӱ࣏Ԥ࡞ӻሯौ search ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ՄᏲमࢥၚ࡞ӻԩȂԃԪᆩၯΰོ഍࢐
DNS ࡌѓՄᡱᆩၯਝ૖६ճȄ‫ܚ‬оձσ྅ζϚོདܹЊӻᆩ୿ӵ search ၇७Ȅ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-33

࿋Ԥ‫ڍ‬এоΰ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ӵӣΙএୢᆩਢȂ೩ۡᔬ၇७ࠉࡣ໷‫ו‬൷࡞१ौΟȂӰ࣏
Ѻོӑ try ࠉ७٥Ιএᆩ୿Ȃ‫ܚ‬о࡚ដӑܹкᐠҏ٘‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿Ȃ೻ኺυϗϚོཤ౅Ȅ
೩ۡᔬ resolv.conf ϛ‫ٺ‬Ң domain ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
domain emook.org
nameserver 168.95.192.1 # DNS รԫ‫׌؀‬ᖲ
nameserver 168.95.1.1 # DNS รԲ‫׌؀‬ᖲ
‫ٺ‬Ң domain ‫ޟ‬ၗඁн‫ ڷ‬search ΙኺȂϚႆѺѫ૖೩ۡΙএȂζ൷࢐кᐠҏ
٘‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ȂϚ૖Ӕёΰ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ȄѺࢥၚ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌ࢐‫ ڷ‬search ΙኺȂོ‫װ‬ձौࢥၚ
‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭ёΰ domain ၇७೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿Ȃശࡣϗོࢥၚ‫ڗ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭Ȅ೽ல๋‫࢐ޱ‬ಬ
ᄛ೩ۡ search ՄϚ೩ۡ domainȄ
೩ۡᔬ hostname ᇄ hosts

‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬ hostname ࢐‫ר‬ঈᔓкᐠ‫ޟڥ‬ӪυȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ԤΙѮкᐠ‫ޟ‬ᆩ࣏֭

ubuntu.emook.orgȂ٥ቄ ubuntu ࢐೻এкᐠ‫ ޟ‬hostnameȂՄ emook.org ࢐೻
এ к ᐠ‫ ޟ‬ᆩ୿ ȄӰ Ԫ hostname ࢐ Ι ۡ ‫ ؠ‬Ԥ .(dot) ಒ ဴ ‫ ޟ‬Ȃ Ԥ ‫ ٲ‬Ρ ོ ‫װ‬
/etc/hostname ೩ԙ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭ӪᆎȂ೻࢐Ϛᄇ‫ޟ‬মȊ

/etc/hostname ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ ڷ‬/etc/hosts Ԥ࡞σ‫ޟ‬ᜰ೿‫ܒ‬ȂӰ࣏‫ר‬ঈӵ hostname ѫ

೩ۡΟкᐠӪᆎȂծ‫ؠ‬ԤளԤᆩ୿ӪᆎȂ‫ܚ‬оषौࢥкᐠ‫ׇޟ‬ᐌᆩ֭ Fully
Qualified Domain NameȞFQDNȟȂ൷҆໸ौ‫ ڷ‬hosts ଩ӫȄՄ FQDN ‫ߒޟ‬ႀ
ПԒ࣏ȮкᐠӪ.ᆩ୿ӪȯȂ‫ܚ‬о ubuntu.emook.org ൷࢐ FQND ߒҰ‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ौ೩ۡ hostname ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃ‫ޢ‬௥‫ װ‬hostname ቸ‫ڗ‬೩ۡᔬ։џȄ
ጡᒮ hostname ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo gedit /etc/hostname

೩ۡᔬ hostname ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

ubuntu
6-34 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ҥܻ hostname ೻ এ ೩ ۡ ᔬ ࢐ ໠ ᐠ ਢ Ȃ ӵ ເ /etc/rcS.d/etc/rcS.d/
S02hostname.sh ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ‫װ‬Ѻ௃ /etc/hostname ၷΣ‫فڗ‬ಛȄ‫ܚ‬о࿋ও‫׽‬ႆ೩ۡ
ᔬࡣϚོ଻ΰҡਝȂଶߨ‫ٺ‬Ңоήࡾх‫ཱི؁‬Ȅ
‫ཱི؁‬ hostname ‫فڗ‬ಛȈ
sudo hostname -F /etc/hostname

ձџоԃоήጒ‫ࢥٽ‬ၚҬࠉ‫ ޟ‬hostnameȄ
ࢥၚ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ hostname Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname
ubuntu

࿋ࢥၚ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ ޟ‬FQDN ਢȂю౪оήᒿᇲȂ೽ல࢐Ӱ࣏ hosts ‫ ܖ‬resolv.conf ‫ؠ‬

೩ۡԁȊ
ࢥၚ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ FQDN Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname -f
hostname: Unknown host
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$

೻ᄇܻкᐠ࢜೩࡞१ौȂ‫ف‬ಛ࡞ӻ१ौ‫݈ޟ‬୛ԃ Apache ‫ ܖ‬MySQL ഍ሯौԤ

‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ ޟ‬FQDN ԆӵȂ֏ࠌོю౪ᒿᇲȄ࿋ձҢ hostname -f ўࢥၚ‫ف‬ಛ‫ ޟ‬FQDN
ਢȂ‫ف‬ಛོҢձ‫ ޟ‬hostname ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬Ӫᆎў‫ ڷ‬hosts Шᄇ‫ײپ‬юᆩ୿Ӫᆎ‫ל‬ԙ‫ׇ‬
ᐌ‫ ޟ‬FQNDȄष࢐ӵ hosts ၇७ШᄇϚю‫ޟپ‬ၗȂ‫ف‬ಛོӔ‫ ײ‬resolv.conf ၇‫ޟ‬
search ‫ ܖ‬domain ‫پ‬࿋ԙᆩ୿ӪᆎȄ

‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ౪ӵ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬/etc/hosts ߝுࡩቄኺȄ

ጡᒮ hosts ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo gedit /etc/hosts

೩ۡᔬ hosts ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.10 ubuntu.emook.org ubuntu
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-35

192.168.1.20 node1
192.168.1.21 node2
192.168.1.22 node3

ԃ hosts ጒ‫ٽ‬ᔬȂ๋‫ޱ‬಑Π՗࢐ҏᐠթ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ಑Πួ ubuntu.emook.org

࢐кᐠ‫ׇޟ‬ᐌӪᆎȂശࡣΙួ ubuntu ࢐кᐠӪ‫ܖ‬տӪȄ
ࡣ७ node1 ้࢐࣏Οᡱୢᆩϱຎᔣ IP ೿‫ڗ‬кᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐџоІ၌Ȃ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬І၌
࢐௃ IP ࢥၚкᐠӪᆎȄ࿋թ݈Ꮲ࢜ӵຎᔣ IP ϱȂՄຎᔣ IP ᆩࢲϱ‫ڏޟ‬тႫသौ
೿‫ڗ‬թ݈ᏢਢȂթ݈ᏢོӑკၐІ၌Ȃष hosts ၇७‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫װ‬೻‫ ٲ‬client ᆒ‫ޟ‬І၌
ቸΰўȂོഅԙթ݈ᏢკၐІ၌ծ၌Ϛю‫پ‬Ȃ೻ࢲਢ໢ོૉਢ೨δȊӰԪ࿋թ݈
Ꮲ‫ ڷ‬client ᆒ഍ӵຎᔣ IP ᆩࢲਢȂ࡚ដ‫ܚװ‬Ԥ client ‫ ޟ‬IP ё‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ ޟ‬hosts
ΰ֑Ȋ
ԙђ‫ࢥޟ‬ၚ‫ف‬ಛ FQDN :

dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname -f
ubuntu.emook.org
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname
ubuntu

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ࡚ҳΟғጂ‫ ޟ‬hostname ‫ ڷ‬hosts оࡣȂџоࢥၚ‫فڗ‬ಛ‫ޟ‬

FQDN ՄϚོԤᒿᇲȄष࢐᠞‫ࡩޱ‬ኺ‫י‬഍Ͼ଩Ϛଔ‫پ‬Ȃџо‫װ‬ᆩ୿ቸӵ
resolv.conf ‫ ޟ‬search ‫ ܖ‬domainȂѺӵശࡣઍ‫ޟ‬ฒ‫ݲ‬Ͼ଩ਢȂོҢ search ‫ܖ‬
domain ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ё‫ڗ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬hostname ‫לپ‬ԙ FQDNȂ೻ኺᖂШԤᒿᇲԁȊӵթ݈
ᏢϛȂ࡚ដौᡱ hostname ‫ ڷ‬hostname -f ഍૖ғலᡗҰȂ೻ኺϗϚོᡱ࢚‫ٲ‬
server ݈୛юᒿȄ

6.1.8 ‫ٺ‬Ң༈ಛ೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೩ۡฒጣᆩၯ
‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬ӑΟ၌ඁএฒጣᆩၯலҢ‫ࡾޟ‬хȄ๋‫ޱ‬ौඪᒺձ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃष࢐ձ‫װ‬ฒጣᆩ
ၯ೩ۡቸԫӵ interfaces ϱȂ٥ቄ network-manager ฒጣᆩၯᆓ౩แԒ൷ོѶਝ
মȊ๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐࡚ដձฒጣᆩၯ೻ᆍ‫ݍ‬ՙ൷Ң GUI ൷ԁ୨ȂଶߨԤ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬੫੆ሯؑȄ
6-36 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

಑Ιএࡾхӵฒጣᆩၯ GUI ٥၇ඪႆΟȂձџоҢоήࡾх‫پ‬௭ජџо‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬

ฒጣᆩၯȄ
௭ජฒጣᆩၯᓜၾȈ
sudo iwlist eth0 scanning

೩ۡฒጣᆩၯശ१ौ‫ࡾޟ‬х࢐ iwconfigȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆѺ‫پ‬Ο၌Ҭࠉฒጣᆩњ
‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȂष࢐ձौёΣΙএฒጣᆩၯȂџоҢоήࡾхȊ
ёΣฒጣᆩၯᓜၾȈ
sudo ifconfig eth0 up # ඔ‫ ش‬eth0 ຍ്ྤᒵጻ‫׬‬
sudo iwconfig eth0 essid phys key 123456789
# phys ਢ࿝ृ ऱAP essid Δᅝྥ‫܃‬૞ང‫ࢬ܃ګ‬ൿ༴ࠩऱ
# ৵૿ऱ key ༉ਢ WEP യᒘ೺Μ
೿ΰΟоࡣȂձџоആႆ DHCP ‫ڥپ‬ு IP Ӵ֭ȂԃоήࡾхȄ
Ռଢ଼‫ڥ‬ு Ȉ IP

sudo dhclient eth0

೽லฒጣᆩၯ‫ޟ‬ᕗც഍࢐‫ٺ‬Ң DHCPȄष࢐ձ஀ࡻ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоϚौҢ DHCPȂ

‫ٺ‬Ңоήࡾх‫ٺپ‬Ң‫ ۡھ‬IPȂϚႆԪਢձᗙौՌϏ೩ଢ଼ resolv.conf ‫پ‬ᡱ DNS џ
оғலၼհমȊ
೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬Ȉ IP

sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 # ๻ࡳ IP ࡉ netmask

sudo route add default gw 192.168.0.1 # ๻ࡳ gateway ሴሐᕴ
ؐԩ഍೻ኺ೩ۡ࢐࡞ബྮ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡџо‫ޢ‬௥ቸ‫ڗ‬
/etc/network/interfaces ၇७Ȋ

೩ۡฒጣᆩၯಢᄘ‫ڗ‬ interfaces Ȉ
auto eth0 # ඔ‫ྤش‬ᒵጻሁ๻ໂ
iface eth0 inet static # ๻ࡳ੡ࡐࡳ IPΔૉ૞ DHCP ‫׽‬૞‫ ނ‬staic ‫ ګޏ‬dhcp
wireless-essid phys # ๻ࡳྤᒵጻሁ‫ټ‬ጠ
wireless-key 123456789 # ๻ࡳྤᒵጻሁയᒘ
 6.1 ᆩၯ೩ۡ 6-37

address 192.168.0.150 # ૉ੡ DHCPΔ‫א‬ՀຟլᏁ૞๻ࡳΜ

netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1

6.1.9 ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻᆩၯњ MTU ᇄᜰ௬ IPv6

ᆩၯ྅፣‫ޟ‬ӴПԤፙႆ MTU ࢐௃ᆩၯቹ໠ۖᆗ‫ޟ‬ശσࡌѓσωȄӵΚЊᆩၯ
‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺϛȂ༈ଚ TCP ࡌѓശӻџоԤ 1460byte ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢቹၥਟȂծؐএࡌѓӵᄂ
ᡝᆩၯሯौҢ 1524byte ‫پ‬༈ሎȊζ൷࢐Ԥσ྅ 4% ‫ޟ‬ᓜቶ࢐੏າӵߒᓞ٘ΰȄ
ӵୢ୿ᆩၯ༈ଚࡌѓՄِȂ࿋ณ࢐ MTU ູσູԁȂѺ࿽ࣸ‫ޟ‬Ϛѫ࢐٥ 4% ߒ
ᓞσωȂӰ࣏࿋ MTU σਢȂሯौϸസ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓ൷ᡐЍȂԃԪᗙџо࿽ࣸ CPU ೎౩
ࡌѓ१ಢ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȅषձདौ‫ װ‬MTU ፡σȂձौӑጂۡձ‫ޟ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯ഍࢐Ң giga
ᆩၯњȂи switch ԤЛධ Jumbo frameȂՄиᆩࢲϱശԁϚौԤ 10/100 ‫ޟ‬
ethernet ᆩњȄ࢈೻ᆍശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫׬‬ѽ‫ڏ‬ᄂШၶᎌӫҢӵᄂᡛࡉȂ‫ޱܖ‬ҁ՗ၼᆗ
cluster кᐠȄӵ๋‫ޟޱ‬กၐȂ࿋‫ װ‬MTU ໠‫ ڗ‬9000 ਢȂଶΟࣸή 3%‫ߒޟ‬ᓞѴȂ
‫؁‬Ӱ࣏ࡌѓ෵Ѝ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃᆩၯҁ֯घԤ 10%ਝ૖‫׽ޟ‬๡Ȋծ‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐ؐΙ༵ giga
ᆩၯњ MTU ഍џоΰ‫ޟ‬ў 9000Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ޱ‬ਹΰ࠮ϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬giga ᆩњ MTU ശଽѫ
૖೩‫ ڗ‬7000Ȅ‫ܚ‬оശσ MTU ‫ޟ‬঄Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоᄚᄚ፡ΰўȂ໷߯กၐਝ૖Ȅ࣏Ο
ᗗջᆩၯюᒿȂ࡚ដᆩࢲΰ‫ܚ‬ԤႫသ‫ ޟ‬MTU ഍೩ԙΙኺমȊ
ࣙϘ‫ ڱ‬giga ᇨҙ MTU Ҟѽϯۖ 16000Ȃᡝ߰Ҟѽ֋ЎႏႏऻȊ
ও‫׽‬ᆩњ MTU Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 # ଥ‫ ޏ‬eth0 ጻ‫׬‬ऱ MTU ੡ 9000
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:24:29:3C:BD
inet addr:192.168.0.141 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:9000 Metric:1
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
ও‫ࡣ׽‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆ ifconfig ࣼ MTU ٥এួ՝Ȃᔖ၎ϐငᡐԙΟ 9000 Ο֑Ȋ
‫ࡣ׽؁‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬࿋ณོདौၐၐࣼᄂሬΰࡌѓ༈ᒯਢശσ MTU џо‫ڗ‬ӻЍȂ᠞
‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬กၐୢᆩϱ༈ሎ‫ ޟ‬MTU মȊ
6-38 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ᄆࣼᄂሬ༈ᒯਢ‫ޟ‬ MTU Ȉ
‫>ܿچ‬
ping -c 1 -s <payload byte> -M do <IP
# -M doᄎ‫ ڇ‬ICMP ৞‫ץ‬ᑑՂլ૞ fragmentationΔຍᑌሁ‫ط‬ᕴ༉լᄎᚥ‫໊֊܃‬৞‫ץ‬
# -c ऱᇩ‫ ္ܫ‬ping ‫׽‬૞ྒྷᇢԫ‫ڻ‬ୀΜ
# -s ೶ᑇ੡ ICMP payload Օ՛Δ‫ה‬ऱଖ੡ MTU ྇ൾ ICMP ।ᙰՕ՛ 28 ୀΜ
# ૉ‫܃‬ऱ MTU Օ՛๻੡ 1500Δ߷ଡ payload byte ༉ਢ 1472

ष switch ‫ڷ‬ᄇПкᐠ഍૖о MTU 9000 ώհ‫ޟ‬ၗȂଉ਀ԃήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ‫ݧ‬ཎȂ๝

‫ ޟ‬payload ঄ΙۡौԚ௬ 28 ോȊ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 1 -s 8972 -M do 192.168.0.30
PING 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30) 8972(9000) bytes of data. # 8972(9000) ੡ MSS(MTU)
8980 bytes from 192.168.0.30 : icmp_seq=1 ttl=250 time=1.12 ms
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

षୢᆩϛ switch ‫ޱܖ‬ᄇПϚЛධ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོԤоήጒ‫ޟٽ‬ᒿᇲଉ਀ȂԪਢ᠞‫ޱ‬

џоࢥၚ switch ࢐֏ЛධȂ‫ װޱܖ‬MTU ፡ωΙᘈࣼࣼȄ
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ping -c 1 -s 8972 -M do 192.168.0.30
PING 192.168.0.30 (192.168.0.30) 8972(9000) bytes of data. # 8972(9000) ੡ MSS(MTU)
From 192.168.0.141 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 9000)
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

ؐԩ഍ौ೩ۡ MTU ࡞ ബ ྮ Ȃ ‫ ܚ‬о ᠞ ‫ ޱ‬ζ џ о ‫ װ‬MTU ‫ޟ‬঄ቸ‫ڗ‬

/etc/network/interfaces ϛȂ೻ኺ໠ᐠ൷ོՌଢ଼೩ۡ MTUȄ

ӵۡᔬ interfaces ϱቸΣ MTU ঄Ȉ

iface eth0 inet static # ๻ࡳ eth0 ຍ്ጻሁ‫׬‬੡ࡐࡳ ip
pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 # ๻ࡳ eth0 MTU
address 192.168.1.5 # ๻ࡳ IP ‫ܿچ‬
netmask 255.255.255.0 # ๻ࡳ՗ጻሁᔟᆝ
gateway 192.168.1.1 # ๻ሴሐᕴ
iface eth1 inet dhcp # ๻ࡳ eth1 ൕ DHCP ࠷൓ IP
pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth1 mtu 9000 # ๻ࡳ eth1 MTU
 6.2 Ԋ၆ಒӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖᇄᡗҰњɯOpenGL ៮ଢ଼೩ۡ 6-39

౳തσഋϷ‫ޟ‬Ρ഍Ϛོӵড়၇Ң giga ᆩњ‫ ڷ‬switch ֑Ȋ๋‫ޱ‬೻၇ζᖿΙή

MTU ᄇܻ ADSL ‫ޟ‬ኇ៪Ȅҥܻ ADSL ‫ٺ‬Ң PPPoE ‫ۡڞ‬ȂՄ PPPoE ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞάོӻ
լΟ 8 byteȂӰԪӵΚЊᆩၯ࢜ᄺϛȂMTU ᡐԙΟ 1492Ȅष᠞‫ٺޱ‬Ң ADSL ኦ
௥‫ޟ‬ၗȂifconfig ൷ོࣼ‫ ڗ‬ppp ೩ര‫ ޟ‬MTU ࣏ 1492Ȅ
ࡌѓϸസϚ࢐ϧቄԁ‫ٱ‬௑ȂӰ࣏ router ‫ࡌװ‬ѓϸസΟоࡣȂष‫ڏ‬ϛΙএωࡌѓ
ᒿᇲȂ൷ሯौᐌѓ१༈Ȅष MTU σω࢐ 1500Ȃ࿋ငႆ MTU 1492 ‫ ޟ‬ADSL ጣၯȂ
ࡌѓ൷ོᡐԙ‫ڍ‬এȂΙএσω࢐ 1492byteȂѪѴΙএσω 48byteȂ಑Πএࡌѓ
ᄂሬΰ࢐ѫԤ 8byte ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȂ‫ڏ‬Ꮇ‫ ޟ‬40byte ഍࢐ߒᓞȊ೻࢐ӻቄ‫ؠ‬Ԥਝ౥‫ٱޟ‬
௑֟ȂΙծࡌѓငႆϸസȂଶߨ‫ڗ‬Ҭ‫ޟ‬Ӵ࢐Ϛོ१ಢӱў‫ޟ‬Ȋܻ࢐൷ԤΟ MTU
ၯ৷௤ષ (Path MTU Discovery) ‫׬‬ѽ‫پ‬ு‫ޣ‬ҏᐠ‫ڗ‬ᄇПႫသџҢ‫ޟ‬ശω MTUȂ
೻ኺ൷ᗗջΟࡌѓϸസ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄծ࢐ӵၯแϛԤ‫ ٲ‬router ϚЛධȂ‫ޱܖ‬ձᄇѴ‫ޟ‬
router ೩ॎϚ‫ي‬Ȃலல൷ོ౰ҡၯ৷௤ષᒿᇲȄԤ‫ٲ‬ΡҢ ADSL ਢȂNAT ϱႫသ
ོ೿Ϛΰ࢚‫ٲ‬ᆩમȂ‫ޱܖ‬ฒ‫ݲ‬༈ᒯᔬਰȂԪਢ൷џоЙଢ଼‫װ‬ձ೿‫ ڗ‬router ‫ޟ‬٥஻
ᆩၯњ MTU ‫׽‬ԙ 1492 ൷џо೿ΟȄ
ശࡣȂIPv6 ࢐ήΙф‫ ޟ‬IP ‫׬‬೚ȂҬࠉᗙӵᄂᡛϛȂծ࢐ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩ϐငԤ໠
ంΟȂ࣏Ο෵Ѝ‫ف‬ಛၥྛȂ࡚ដ‫װ‬Ѻᜰ௬֑Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫ޢ‬௥ӵ
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist ၇७ёΰ blacklist ipv6 ։џȄ

6.2 Њཆஒϫѱ΁ͮ‫ڟ‬य̖Ⴤ᝗ΰ͚ů
OpenGL ᛮ੝௩‫ס‬
୅ԃ᠞‫࢐ޱ‬Ԋ၆ PC ‫ގ‬ҏȂζ൷࢐ 32 ՝ϯ‫ ޟގ‬UbuntuȂႱ೩࢐‫ٺ‬Ң 386 ‫ޟ‬ਯ
ЖȂծӨ՝᠞‫ ޟޱ‬CPU Ϛџ૖࢐٥ቄᙟ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ོޱ‬ӑఀσড়ԃդЀ઻‫ڗ‬Ш
ၶಒӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖȂ‫پ‬ᕕு‫؁‬ԁ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖Ȅ
ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼П७Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ቸ‫ڗ‬೻၇ਢȂIntel ஠ 965 වаಢ‫ ޟ‬3D ᛲყњ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แ
Ԓ໠ܹ‫ܚ‬ԤনۖጆȄҬࠉϐငᐌӫ‫ ڗ‬Xorg ‫ޟ‬แԒጆ໠ีϛȄ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौᄇ Intel
๝ᇄଽ࡙‫ޟ‬ᢚප‫ ۡ޻ڷ‬ȞIntel ζჍҢषϓ Xorg ਯЖ໠ี‫ޱ‬ȟȄ
ᗶณ AMDȞATIȟ‫ ڷ‬Nvidia Ԥඪ‫ ټ‬Linux ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȂծ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥඪ‫ټ‬নۖጆȄ
Ӱ࣏ AMDȞATIȟ‫ ڷ‬Nvidia ‫ؠ‬Ԥඪ‫ټ‬নۖጆȂ‫ܚ‬оฒ‫ޢݲ‬௥ᐌӫ‫ ڗ‬Linux ‫ف‬ಛ၇
७Ȃ೻ᏲमலலོӵЀ઻‫ޟ‬ਢঐю౪ਯЖϚࣺৠ้௑‫ל‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬итঈ‫ٺ‬Ң‫׬ޟ‬ѽζ
6-40 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

෬ٖӵ GPL ௲᠌᜞ጢȄитঈѫඪ‫ټ‬кࢺҁѮ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȂԃ๋‫ٺޱ‬Ң PowerPC

тঈ൷‫ؠ‬Ԥඪ‫ټ‬Ȃᡱ๋‫ޟޱ‬Ⴋသඁн‫ؠ‬Ԥ 3D ёഀ‫ޟ‬૖ΨȄ೻‫ٲ‬୰ᚠ഍ོӵ៮ଢ଼
แԒ໠ܹনۖጆ၌‫ؚ‬Ȃ෈೨ Intel ‫ޟ‬໠๊ܹ౱૖ᡱ AMDȞATiȟ‫ ڷ‬Nvidia ૖ஊၭ
໌ȂԃԪΙ‫ོپ‬ᡱ Linux ӵਹ७ΰᔖҢ‫؁‬ёቶኄȄ

6.2.1 ᒵᐅᎌӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ
᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾхு‫ޣ‬ձ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬kernel ਯЖ‫ގ‬ҏȄ
ு‫ޣ‬Ҭࠉ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖҁѮȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ uname -r # ‫ڕ‬ᒤࠏΔ࿝ृ‫ؾ‬ছ‫ش‬ऱਢ 386 ठቃ๻ऱு֨
2.6.17-11-368

‫ר‬ঈџоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬ு‫ޣ‬џоҢ‫ޟ‬ਯЖҁѮԤ঺ඁᆍȄ
ு‫ٺܚޣ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖҁѮȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache search linux-image
linux-image-386 - Linux kernel image on 386. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-image-686 - Linux kernel image on Ppro/Celeron/PII/PIII/PIV. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-image-k7 - Linux kernel image on AMD K7. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-image-server - Linux kernel image on Server Equipment. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-image-2.6.15-14-386 - Linux kernel image for version 2.6.15 on 386 . # ኔ᧯ு֨
linux-image-2.6.15-19-386 - Linux kernel image for version 2.6.15 on 386. # ኔ᧯ு֨
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
ԃ᠞‫ޟڗࣼܚޱ‬Ȃ٥‫ ٲ‬linux-image-386,686,k7 ࢐ຎᔣৈӇȂᔓ‫ר‬ঈࣺ‫ڗٷ‬ശ
ཱི‫ޟގ‬ਯЖȄՄࡣ७٥‫ٲ‬Ԥ‫ގ‬ҏဴ‫࢐ޟ‬ઍғ‫ޟ‬ਯЖৈӇȂ፜Ϛौ‫ޢ‬௥Ԋ၆тঈ
মȂϚณϚོՌଢ଼Ѐ઻ਯЖ঵Ȋ
‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ޱ‬೻ѮႫသ‫ٺ‬Ң AMD K8 CPUȂծ࢐Ӱ࣏࢚‫ࣺٲ‬ৠ‫ܒ‬Ȟԃ Flash player,
win32codec ้ȟ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ‫ר‬ᒵᐅ‫ٺ‬Ң 32 ՝ϯ UbuntuȂ٥ቄ‫ר‬൷ሯौҢ K7 ٥
এਯЖ‫پ‬ശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ kernel ਝ૖Ȋ
Ԋ၆ཱི‫ޟ‬ਯЖȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install linux-image-k7
 6.2 Ԋ၆ಒӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖᇄᡗҰњɯOpenGL ៮ଢ଼೩ۡ 6-41

ष᠞‫࢐ޱ‬Ң Intel P4 ‫ف‬ӖȂ٥џоԊ၆ linux-image-686Ȅ‫ܖ‬ौ‫ٺ‬Ңܻ server

ҢഊȂ٥ቄ၆ linux-image-server ོᄇ server ‫ٺ‬Ңᕗცശ‫ٹ‬ϽȄ
ष᠞‫ٺ࢐ޱ‬Ң 64 ՝ϯ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ܖ‬PowerPC ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬UbuntuȂ٥ቄձζџоҢоΰ
ࡾх‫پ‬ӖюџҢਯЖȂ‫ٽ‬ԃӵ 64 ՝ϯ‫ގ‬ΰԤ linux-image-amd64-k8 ೻Ι᜸џо
၆‫ޟ‬ਯЖȄ

6.2.2 Nvidia ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆

Nvidia binary ៮ଢ଼แԒϐငϱ࡚ Ubuntu ၇ᓞȂϚሯौӵՌϏΰᆩήၷоЅ໌
՗ጡឍȄ
ॶӑौӑ၆៮ଢ଼แԒȄ
Ԋ၆ nvidia ៮ଢ଼แԒȈ
sudo nvidia-glx

಑Π؏࢐Ԋ၆ nvidia ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ዁ಢȂ೻‫ڷ‬ձ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖԤᜰȂζ൷࢐ΰΙω࿽

‫ܚ‬ඪЅ‫ޟ‬ਯЖҁѮ‫ގ‬ҏȄ
ձџоആႆоήࡾх‫ࢥپ‬ၚџо‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖ዁ಢȄծ‫ݧ‬ཎȂ೻‫ڷ‬၆ਯЖ࢐Ιኺ
‫ޟ‬ȂԤϷᄂᡝৈӇ‫ڷ‬ຎᔣৈӇȂषձ၆‫ڗ‬ᄂᡝৈӇ‫ޟ‬ၗȂՄਯЖԤ၆ຎᔣৈӇȂ
٥ቄ‫ޟཱི؁‬ਢঐԤџ૖ਯЖོЀ઻ծ࢐ nvidia ‫ܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖ዁ಢ‫ؠ‬ԤЀ઻ȂᏲमձ
‫ ޟ‬Xwindow ໠Ϛଔ‫پ‬Ȋ
ு‫ٺܚޣ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖҁѮȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache search linux-restricted-modules
linux-restricted-modules-2.6.15-26-686 - ................... # ኔ᧯ᑓิ୚ٙ
linux-restricted-modules-2.6.15-26-k7 - .................... # ኔ᧯ᑓิ୚ٙ
linux-restricted-modules-386 - Restricted Linux modules on 386. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-restricted-modules-686 - Restricted Linux modules on PII/PIII/PIV. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
linux-restricted-modules-k7 - Restricted Linux modules on AMD K7. # ဠᚵ୚ٙ
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
6-42 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ौᒵᐅΙএຎᔣৈӇȂи‫ڷ‬ਯЖࣺӣҁѮ‫ޟ‬၆ΰўȄձ೻၇ζџо໷
߯ጂᇯΙήȂਯЖ࢐֏ζԤ၆‫ڗ‬ຎᔣৈӇȂ१ᘈ࢐‫ڍ‬এ഍ሯौ࢐၆ຎᔣৈӇ
Ȟmetapackageȟ֏ࠌ࡞ৠܾӰ‫ގ‬ҏϚΙमՄюᒿȊ
о๋‫ޱ‬Ҭࠉ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬K7 ҁѮ࣏‫ٽ‬Ȃሯौ‫ٺ‬Ңоήࡾх‫پ‬၆዁ಢȄ
Ԋ၆ਯЖ዁ಢȈ
sudo apt-get install linux-restricted-modules-k7

௥ή‫پ‬ौᡱ៮ଢ଼แԒంҢȂ೻ԤέᆍПԒȂ௰ᙨձ‫ٺ‬Ң಑ΙএПԒȂषю౪ᒿ
ᇲ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӔ‫ٺ‬Ң ಑Π ᆍ‫ ܖ‬಑έᆍПԒ֑Ȋ‫ ڏ‬ᄂоήέᆍПԒ഍࢐ও ‫׽‬
/etc/X11/xorg.confȂ‫װ‬၇७ nv ٥Ιএ঄‫׽‬ԙ nvidia ՄϐȊ

ПԒΙȈ
ంҢ៮ଢ଼แԒȈ
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

ष᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏЙଢ଼ও‫׽‬ႆ /etc/X11/xorg.conf ‫ޟ‬ၗȂѺོю౪ᒿᇲଉ਀Ȃ೻ਢঐ

џоওғ md5sum ‫ޱܖ‬Йଢ଼೩ۡȄюᒿ‫ޟ‬নӰ࢐Ӱ࣏ձও‫׽‬ႆ xorg.conf ೻এᔬ
ਰȂᏲमѺ‫ ޟ‬md5 hash ঄‫فڷ‬ಛনӑ‫ޟ‬ϚΙኺȄ
ᒿᇲଉ਀Ȉ
Error: your X configuration has been altered.
This script cannot proceed automatically. If you believe that this
not correct, you can update the md5sum entry executing the following
command:
md5sum /etc/X11/xorg.conf | sudo tee /var/lib/x11/xorg.conf.md5sum
otherwise edit manually /etc/X11/xorg.conf to change the Driver section
from nv to nvidia.

षौ௴Ңওғ md5sum ‫ٮ‬иంҢ៮ଢ଼แԒ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂѫौ‫ٺ‬Ңоήࡾх։џȄ

ওғᒿᇲ‫ٮ‬ంҢ៮ଢ଼แԒȈ
sudo md5sum /etc/X11/xorg.conf | sudo tee /var/lib/x11/xorg.conf.md5sum
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
 6.2 Ԋ၆ಒӫձҁѮ‫ޟ‬ਯЖᇄᡗҰњɯOpenGL ៮ଢ଼೩ۡ 6-43

ПԒΠȈ
ष࢐དौЙଢ଼ంҢ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоጡᒮ /etc/X11/xorg.conf ೻এ೩ۡᔬȂѺඁ
нඡᆓΟ‫ܚ‬Ԥ X server ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȄ
೩ۡᔬ xorg.conf ϱৠȈ
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
Driver "nv" # ‫ނ‬ຍᇙଡ ‫ګޏ‬nv nvidia‫ܣ‬Μ
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

᠞‫ڗײޱ‬Ο Driver ၇७೩ۡ঄ nv ࡣȂ‫װ‬Ѻ‫׽‬ԙ nvidiaȂԆᔬ൷ԁ୨Ȋ

ПԒέȈ
ष᠞‫ޱ‬ᛅுও‫ ׽‬xorg.conf ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȂџоആႆ१೩ X server ਢȂџоᡱձᒵᐅ
฽ᡝ៮ଢ଼࠮ဴȂ೻ਢঐᒵᐅ nvidia ൷ԁ୨Ȋ
१೩ X server Ȉ
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆ࡣȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоҢȶCtrlȷ+ȶAltȷ+ȶBackspaceȷ‫پ‬१໠ձ‫ ޟ‬X
serverȂषձࣼ‫ڗ‬Ιএ࡞σ‫ ޟ‬Nvidia LogoȂ൷࢐Ԋ၆ԙђ୨ȊԤਢঐӰ࣏ਯЖ
዁ಢၷΣ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂོሯौ१ཱི໠ᐠȄ
࿋᠞‫ޱ‬໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ Xwindow ໠Ϛଔ‫پ‬Ȃᒿᇲଉ਀֙ວձ࢐Ӱ࣏ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬
ᜰ߽Ȃ٥ቄձџоӑҢȶCtrlȷ+ȶAltȷ+ȶF1ȷ໌ΣМԅϭ७ȂӔആႆоήП
Ԓᜰഖ៮ଢ଼แԒ‫ٮ‬१ཱིంଢ଼ XerverȄ
ᜰഖ៮ଢ଼แԒȈ
sudo nvidia-glx-config disable
# ࢨृᦰृՈ‫ނאױ‬ ऱ
xorg.conf nvidia ‫ ࠐڃޏ‬nvΔ༉լ‫ش‬Ղ૿߷ଡ೯‫܂‬Μ
6-44 ಑ ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ
6

१ཱིంଢ଼ X server:
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

೻ਢঐ൷ོоႱ೩‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ໌Σ XwindowȂԪਢձџо໠ۖ debug ΟȂ೽

லོԤᒿᇲনӰ࢐ kernel ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ڷ‬nvidia ዁ಢ‫ގ‬ҏϚΙኺȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоᔮࢥΙήȊ

6.2.3 AMD ATI Ȟ ȟᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆

ӵᄠገਢȂ๋‫ޱ‬І᙭ࡦՃࡣȂ‫װؚۡ‬೻ΙএഋӋ਌௬ΟȊAMDȞATIȟඪ‫ޟټ‬
ۢП‫ގ‬ҏ driver ߨலϚᛧۡȂ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏӵ࡞ӻᐠᏢΰ഍ོю౪୰ᚠȄശߖ AMD
‫ځ‬ᗊΟ ATIȂՄ AMD ‫࢐๊ࢇޟ‬Шၶᒑߖ໠ܹনۖጆȂҬࠉᗁ༈ AMD ϐင஠ ATI
ন‫ޟپ‬ᡗҰњ฽ᡝೣਿȂඪ‫ټ‬๝௃‫ ٱ‬X Window System ᄂୈ໠ี‫ ޟ‬Xorg ღ໥‫پ‬
እቸ៮ଢ଼แԒȂ‫ܚ‬оন‫پ‬шᅖ bug ‫ ޟ‬fglrx ៮ଢ଼แԒ༖ོ҆ೝ‫ܧ‬ణȄѪѴΙএন
Ӱ࢐ fglrx ៮ଢ଼แԒҬࠉϚЛධ AIGLXȂ‫ܚ‬оζฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ Linux ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң beryl + AIGLX
ເ 3D ਹ७Ȅ‫ܚ‬оҬࠉौӵ AMDȞATIȟ‫ޟ‬њΰເ 3D ਹ७Ȃѫ૖ആႆ໠ܹনۖ
ጆ‫ގ‬ҏ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȄ
Ҭࠉ໠ܹনۖጆ‫ ޟ‬AMDȞATIȟᡗҰවаಢ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒϐငԤϚᒿ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ȂՍ
Ѝӵ๋‫ ޟޱ‬ibook ΰџоആႆ໠ܹনۖጆ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒເ AIGLX + beryl ‫ ޟ‬3D ਹ
७Ȃиᗁ༈ AMD ஠ོЛࡻ೻এ៮ଢ଼แԒȂоࡣ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ߒ౪ᔖ၎ོ‫؁‬ԁȄҬࠉ໠
ܹনۖጆ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒШ fglrx ۢП‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒਝ૖ᗙौ৯Ȃծ࢐ӵࣺৠ‫ܒ‬ΰШၶ
ԁȂbug ζЍ࡞ӻȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇๋‫ޱ‬஠ོ‫׽‬ԙϭಝ໠ܹনۖጆ‫ގ‬ҏ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼ПԒȄ
ҥܻ೻ඁӇ‫ٱ‬௑഍࢐‫ޥ‬တতีҡ‫ٱޟ‬௑Ȃԃ beryl ௃ compiz ϷນȂATI ೝ AMD
ԝᗊ้้Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻၇഍࢐ᄠገࠉςᆧࡨও‫ޟ׽‬ȂषԤ౵ᅓϞ೎Ȃ൷ौ፜᠞‫ޱ‬፝֗
ӻӻѓొΟȄ
ҥܻ AMDȞATIȟ໠ܹনۖጆ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬3D ёഀ៮ଢ଼แԒԊ၆ПԒӵ಑ 20 ണȶBerl
3D Desktop ȷԤϭಝ‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻၇൷ϚӔᙵक़ΟȄ᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫ޢ‬௥୤Ճ၎ണ‫ޟ‬Ԋ
၆ПԒ೩ۡȄ
 6.3 ӟߒᐠ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ 6-45

6.3 ϟ‫ے‬ጠ‫ڟ‬௩‫ס‬
ԃყ 6.19Ȃ௃ᒵ൐ΰ‫فޟ‬ಛ→ᆓ౩→ғӵӖӟ໌ў೩֑ۡȊณࡣ൷‫ޢ‬௥ᘈཱིቨ
ӟߒᐠ։џȄ

ყ 6.19
௥ή‫پ‬ᔖ၎ོՌଢ଼‫ڗ׺‬ձӟߒᐠȂԃყ 6.20Ȃ‫ޢ‬௥ᘈήΙ؏൷џоΟȊ೻၇ζ
џоᡱձԊ၆ᆩၯӟߒᐠȂԃ‫ف‬ಛඪҰᐇհ։џȄ

ყ 6.20
ԃყ 6.21 ௥ή‫پ‬ᒵᐅձ‫ޟ‬ӟߒᐠ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ࠮ဴȂᒵᐅࡣȂ‫ޢ‬௥ήΙ؏֑Ȋ
6-46 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ყ 6.21

Ϟࡣ‫ޟ‬ᐇհ൷ԃԊ၆‫ف‬ಛ๝ձ‫ޟ‬ඪҰ೩ۡȂ้ོᗙџоӖӟกၐॲോȊԊ၆‫ׇ‬
ࡣȂձ൷џоҢ Firefox ‫ ޱܖ‬OpenOffice ้แԒӖӟձौ‫ޟ‬МӇΟȊ࢐Ϛ࢐࡞ᙏ
൐‫ڹ‬ȉ೽ல೿Ԋ၆ӎᆅ഍Ϛሯौܹ໌ў‫ڹ‬Ȋ

6.4 ቡጌத႒ጠĞterminalğ
࣏٘ Linux hackerȂΙོۡ໠ᐠ൷ӑ໠এ terminal ໠ۖᄭᄭ҈҈Ȃ൷ᆗ‫ؠ‬Ԥຜ
ๅϭ७ζ࢐ܑณՌுȄ‫ܚ‬о‫ װ‬terminal ‫يڗי‬ԁ‫ޟ‬ᕗც࢐ᄇώհਝ౥Ԥ࡞σ‫ޟ‬ᔓ
օȄ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬໠ۖϭಝԃդ‫װ‬Мԅತᆒᐠ‫י‬ு࡞๲ᎌȄ

6.4.1 ೩ۡӵຜๅ‫ۻ‬ή‫ ޟ‬GNOME ತᆒᐠ

೻࢐๋‫ޱ‬ശலҢ‫ ޟ‬terminal ϞΙȂԃყ 6.22Ȃ௃ᔖҢแԒ→ߣ឴ᔖҢแԒ→ತ
ᆒᐠ൷џоஈ՗Ȅ๋‫ޱ‬ಬᄛ‫פڗܜ‬௦ӖܹȂ೻ኺौంଢ଼൷࡞‫פ‬ഀমȊ
 6.4 ፡ᐌತᆒᐠȞterminalȟ 6-47

ყ 6.22

ѺႱ೩‫ޟ‬ԅᡝ๋‫ޱ‬ឈுϚԁࣼȂ๋‫࢐ޱ‬ಬᄛ‫װ‬Ѻ፡ᐌ‫ڗ‬σΙဴԅᡝȂ‫ٮ‬и࢐༃
‫ۻ‬ҩԅȄ᠞‫ޱ‬џо௃ጡᒮ→Ҭࠉ‫ޟ‬೩ۡಢӫ໌ў፡ᐌȄ‫ڏ‬тᗙԤ჋धශјആ݂Ȃ
‫ޱܖ‬Ң‫ۻ‬ყ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ೻൷๝᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏࠢ‫ڨ‬୨Ȋ

ყ 6.23
6-48 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

6.4.2 ೩ۡ shell ᚟Փ
σഋϷ‫ޟ‬ Linux ี ՗ ‫ ޟ ގ‬bash shell ิ Σ ࡣ ഍ ࢐ ߝ ೻ ኺ ‫ޟ‬
ȶdbtsai@ubuntu:~$ȷȂζ൷࢐ȶழဴ@hostname:Ҭᓃ$ȷȂ‫ܖ‬೨ձོ༼Њ൐
፡ΟȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ೻এ࢐џо፡ᐌমȊᐌএ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ᕗცᡐኵܹӵ PS1 ၇७Ȅ
নۖ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu PS1 ᕗც೩ۡџоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬ு‫ޣ‬Ȅ
ு‫ޣ‬ PS1 ᕗცᡐኵȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ echo $PS1
\u@\h:\w\$ # \u‫ז‬। usernameΔ\h ‫ז‬। hostnameΔ\w ‫ז‬।‫ؾ‬ᙕ
‫ܚ‬о‫ྱٷ‬ΰ७‫ޟ‬ᡒᒮȂձ൷џо࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ўও‫ࣼࣼ׽‬୨Ȋ
ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ও‫׽‬ PS1 ᕗცᡐኵȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ PS1="[\u@\h \W \$] "
[dbtsai@ubuntu ~ $]

ᖑ݂‫ޟ‬ձᔖ၎ี౪ΟȂӵࡇ֙ᕗცᡐኵਢȂѺѫོ‫װ‬ᐌএᕗცᡐኵ‫ޟ‬௡‫ࡾڙ‬х
‫ڥ‬ф௬Ȃ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬഍ྱலᡗҰю‫پ‬Ȅ
౪ӵौ໌໦ΙᘈȂёΰ᚟Փ௡‫ޟڙ‬ђ૖Ȅ‫ר‬ঈ௃Ιএ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬໠ۖȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ
ȶ\[\033[1;33m\]ȷ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬௡‫ڙ‬ጆȂ൷࢐ۡဎ௃೻Ϟࡣ‫ܚ‬ԤМԅӒഋ഍࢐༁ՓȄ
Մ 33m ൷࢐ۡဎ༁ՓȄ‫ר‬ঈᗙџо‫ٺ‬ҢऔՓȞ31mȟȂᆦՓȞ32mȟȂᙢՓȞ34mȟȂ
๙ՓȞ35mȟȂߧՓȞ36mȟ‫ڷ‬ҩՓȞ37mȟȄ࿋ณᗙԤ‫ڏ‬тџоҢ‫ޟ‬᚟ՓጆȂ
‫ܖ‬धශ᚟Փጆ้้ȂԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џоўࢥၚ bash ࣺᜰၥਟȄ
‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈၐၐࣼή७ጒ‫ޟٽ‬ਝ‫֑ݎ‬Ȋ
ிՓ PS1 ᕗცᡐኵ಑Ι‫ގ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ PS1='\[\033[1;33m\]\u@\h\w$ '

᠞‫ีོޱ‬౪ȂӒഋ഍ᡐԙ༁ՓΟडȊ೿҈‫ޟ‬ԅ഍࢐༁Փ‫ޟ‬Ȋઍ Orz ߡȊ೻࢐Ӱ

࣏ശࡣ‫ר‬ঈ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫װ‬ѺӔᡐӱԙҩՓԅȂ‫ܚ‬оശࡣӔёΰҩՓ‫ޟ‬௡ညጆ֑Ȋ
 6.4 ፡ᐌತᆒᐠȞterminalȟ 6-49

ிՓ PS1 ᕗცᡐኵ಑Π‫ގ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ PS1='\[\033[1;33m\]\u@\h\w$\[\033[1;37m\] '

೻ਢঐࣼଔ‫پ‬ғலӻΟȊѫԤࠉ७٥՛ shell ഋӋ࢐༁Փ‫ޟ‬Ȃ҈ю‫ޟپ‬ԅ࢐ғ

ல‫ޟ‬ҩՓȊӨ՝ᓧࡊΙۡϚོ٥ቄৠܾᅖ֑ٗȊ๋‫ޱ‬ඪ‫ޟ߲߆רټ‬೩ۡ๝᠞‫ޱ‬
კၐࣼࣼȂᛤܻӟ‫ޟڕ‬ᜰ߽Ȃฒ‫ݲ‬ᡱ᠞‫ޢޱ‬௥ࣼ‫ڗ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ΙۡौၐၐࣼমȊ
ձ஠ོདྷΰձ‫ ޟ‬shell ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
ҥܻ௶‫ޟގ‬ᜰ߽Ȃฒ‫҈ݲ‬ԙΙ՗Ȃᄂሬᄂᡛ‫ޟ‬ਢঐौ҈ԙΙ՗Ȅ
ிՓ PS1 ᕗცᡐኵ‫ׇ‬ԙ‫ގ‬Ȉ
PS1='\[\033[1;33m\]\u\[\033[1;37m\]@\[\033[1;32m\]\h\[\033[1;37m\]:\[\033[1;3
1m\]\w \[\033[1;36m\]\$ \[\033[0m\]'

षձौএΡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоё‫~ ڗ‬/.bashrc ၇७‫ޟ‬ശࡣΙ՗Ȃ೻ኺؐԩ໠ shell

൷ོՌଢ଼ۡဎԁՓிȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫~ ޟ‬/ ൷࢐ձ᠞‫ޱ‬এΡড়ҬᓃȂ‫ٽ‬ԃӵ shell ၇७Ȃ
҈ ~/ ོ‫ޢ‬௥Ңড়Ҭᓃ‫ڥ‬фȂ೻ኺП߯ӻΟȄ
ጡᒮএΡ‫ޟ‬ bashrc Ȉ
gedit ~/.bashrc ࢨृ gedit /home/െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ/.bashrc
षձ‫ה‬ఖ‫ܚ‬ԤΡႱ೩഍ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃ࡞ᄇϚଔȂ๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ‫ڗײؠ‬П‫ݲ‬ȊӰ࣏࿋ձ‫װ‬೩ۡ
ቸӵ /etc/bash.bashrc ၇७Ȃᗶณؐএ user ิΣ഍ོ᠞‫ޟڥ‬Ȃծ࢐ PS1 ӵ Ubuntu
ϱؐএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫~ ޟޱ‬/.bashrc ഍ӵӔ१ཱིۡဎΙԩȂ‫ܚ‬о೩ۡᗙ࢐ོೝശࡣ᠞‫ޟڥ‬
~/.bashrc ᇐႆўՄѶਝȊ‫ܚ‬о࡚ដՌϏ‫׽‬དौҢ‫ޟ‬ழဴ֑Ȋ஼फ़ϛዩζϚ࢐
Linux ‫ޟ‬ᆠડ঵Ȅ

6.4.3 ೩ۡ shell ‫ۻ‬ήலҢࡾхᕻቸ

१࡙‫ ޟ‬shell ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬σ྅ོვྮ҈ӻᎷ‫ޟ‬ԅ֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬഍ོ೩ۡΙ‫ٲ‬லҢ‫ޟ‬
aliasȂ‫پ‬ቨёώհਝ౥Ȅ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬alias ൷࢐տӪȂԃጒ‫ٽ‬ϛȂ‫ר‬ঈ೩ۡ alisa ll=`ls
-l` Ȃ٥Ϟࡣѫौ҈ ll ൷џо‫ڥ‬фࡣ७ ls -l ٥՛ࡾх୨Ȋ

ጡᒮএΡ‫ޟ‬ bashrc Ȉ
gedit ~/.bashrc ࢨृ gedit /home/െᇆ‫ټ‬ጠ/.bashrc
6-50 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

এΡ .bashrc ጒ‫ٽ‬
if [ "$TERM" != "dumb" ]; then eval "`dircolors -b`"
alias ls='ls --color=auto -h' # ຍᇙ‫ף‬Ղ -h ‫۞אױ‬೯ངጩ໢‫ࠩۯ‬Օ໢‫ۯ‬ୀΜ
alias dir='ls --color=auto –format=vertical'
alias vdir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
fi

# some more ls aliases

alias ll='ls -l' # ࠌ‫ݙش‬ᖞ٨‫ٱ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬
alias la='ls -A' # ٨‫ڶࢬנ‬ᚾூࡉ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ‫ܶץ‬ឆ៲ᚾ
alias l='ls -CF' # ։ᣊ٨‫נ‬լ‫ٵ‬᥆ࢤऱᚾூࡉ‫ؾ‬ᙕ
alias lm='ls -al | more' # ࠌ‫ ش‬more ࠐ։଄

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫װ‬Ԥຝ၌‫ޟ‬ӴП਌௬Ȃ‫׽‬ԙ‫ڷ‬ΰ७Ιኺ֑Ȋ࿋ณձζџо೩‫ڏ‬т
ࡾх‫ ޟ‬aliasȂ൷ёӵࡣ७൷ԁȄ

6.4.4 ೩ۡ framebuffer ၌‫ۻڷ࡙ݙ‬ή‫ޟ‬ϛМತᆒᐠ

๋‫ޱ‬ौඪᒺ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚߨٮ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњ഍Лධ‫ٺ‬Ң framebuffer ᒯюȂϚႆѿ७
ΰலَ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰњȂԃ ATIȂNvidiaȂ‫ ڷ‬Intel ᐌӫᛲყᡗҰњ้഍ᔖ၎ԤЛධȂՄ
и Ubuntu Ⴑ೩Ԥ҈໠ਯЖ‫ ޟ‬framebuffer ђ૖ോȊ
ӵթ݈ᏢϛȂ࣏Ο࿽ࣸၥྛȂ࡞ӻΡ഍Ϛ൉᠍၆ΰ Xwindow ȄծႱ೩ӵસ
console ‫ۻ‬ή‫ ޟ‬framebuffer Мԅ዁ԒȂ၌‫࡙ݙ‬ѫԤ 640x480Ȃ೻ቄω‫ޟ‬၌‫࡙ݙ‬
ӵ౪ӵ഍Ң LCD ‫ޟ‬ਢфϚஊȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈџоആႆӵ Grub ၇७‫ޟ‬୤ኵ፡ᐌ໠ᐠࡣ
‫ޟ‬Мԅ዁Ԓ၌‫࡙ݙ‬Ȅ
ߒ 6-5 Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬၌‫ڷ࡙ݙ‬Փிኵ‫ܚ‬ᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬೩ۡጆ
Փிኵ/၌‫ ࡙ݙ‬640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024
256 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x307

32K 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x319

64K 0x311 0x314 0x317 0x31A

16M 0x312 0x315 0x318 0x31B

 6.4 ፡ᐌತᆒᐠȞterminalȟ 6-51

ौও‫ ׽‬framebuffer ‫ޟ‬၌‫࡙ݙ‬Ȃሯौও‫ ڗ׽‬Grub bootloader ‫ޟ‬୤ኵȂ೩ۡᔬ

ӵ /boot/grub/menu.lst ၇७Ȅ
ጡᒮ‫ޟ‬ Grub ೩ۡᔬ Ȉ
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

೩ۡᔬ menu.lst ጒ‫ٽ‬

ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.15-26-k7
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.15-26-k7 root=/dev/hda3 ro quiet splash vga=0x31B
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.15-26-k7
savedefault
boot
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

ԃоΰ menu.lst ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ᠞‫ڗײޱ‬Ο᜸խ‫ޟ‬೩ۡഋ՝ࡣȂӵ kernel ശࡣ७୤ኵ

ёΰ vga=0x31BȂ೻ኺ൷ོҢ 1280x1024 16M color ‫ޟ‬዁ԒϞ console ϭ७Ȅ
᠞‫ޱ‬षौҢ‫ڏ‬т၌‫࡙ݙ‬Ȃџо୤Ճߒ 6-5Ȅও‫ࡣ׽‬Ȃ१ཱི໠ᐠ൷џоҡਝΟȄ
षձலலӵȶCtrlȷ+ȶAltȷ+ȶF1ȷસМԅತᆒᐠώհȂᔖ၎லலӵᐇհ‫ف‬
ಛࡾх‫ޟ‬ਢঐႄ‫ڗ‬ϛМଉ਀༄ጆ֑ȊଶΟҢ export LC_ALL=C ‫ܚװپ‬Ԥᒯю‫ޟ‬
ଉ਀‫׽‬ԙ़МоѴȂᗙџоആႆ jfbterm ӵМԅϭ७ήᡗҰϛМȂ๋‫ޟޱ‬թ݈Ꮲ
഍ོԊ၆ȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ӵ‫ؠ‬Ԥ Xwindow ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ή੫տП߯ȂѺџоᡗҰ UTF-8 ‫ޟ‬ϛ
МᔬӪȂԤᘈ჋ DOS ਢф‫ޟ‬আЈϛМȄ
Ԋ၆ jfbterm Ȉ
apt-get install jfbterm # ຍ‫ ڇץ‬universeΔૉլ౨ᇘΔᛀ਷ sources.list ‫ܣ‬Μ
࿋ձ໌‫ ڗ‬tty1 ζ൷࢐ࡸȶCtrlȷ+ȶAltȷ+ȶF1ȷȂҢձ‫ޟ‬ழဴิΣࡣȂѫौ
ᒯΣоήࡾхȂ൷џоࣼ‫ ڗ‬UTF-8 ϛМଉ਀Ȅ
ஈ՗ jfbterm Ȉ
jfbterm

଩ӫ jfbterm ‫ ڷ‬freambuffer ၌‫࡙ݙ‬೩ۡਝ‫ݎ‬ԃყ 6.24Ȅ

6-52 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

ყ 6.24

6.5 ቡጌഽႅჄώႅझ৖ hdparm

Ubuntu அܻࣺৠ‫ޟܒ‬Ճ໔ȂIDE ฽ᆅႱ೩࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ׇ‬Ӓശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃ DMA ‫ؠ‬
Ԥ໠Ȃ‫ޱܖ‬Ң 16bit I/O ้้Ȅ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ౪ӵఀσড়‫پ‬ඌཤΙᙚȊծԤџ૖Њႆ
ඌཤȂᏲमၥਟཬྒ‫ޱܖ‬࿋ᐠȄϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬ѫԤႄႆ࿋ᐠȂ‫ؠ‬ԤၥਟཬᚽႆȂ‫ܚ‬о
ӵΙૡ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬ήᔖ၎ᗙ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬Ȃծषю౪ϧቄᒿᇲȂॳᓎሯौՌϏ‫ܛ‬ᐊ
঵Ȋ೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡ‫׬‬ѽѫବᄇ IDE ฽ᆅȂᄇܻ SCSI ‫ ڷ‬SATA Ӱ࣏Ⴑ೩Ԥ໠ం DMAȂ
‫ܚ‬о‫ؠ‬Ԥ೻‫ٲ‬ᒵ໶џоҢȂϚႆࣱџоആႆ hdparm ‫پ‬กഀȊ
‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬DMA ༈ᒯ࢐࿋ၥਟौ༈‫ڗ‬଄ᏹᡝਢȂџо‫ޢ‬௥௃฽ᆅࢀٔႆўȂϚሯ
ौငႆ CPUȂ‫ܚ‬о࿋ณਝ౥ԁȂζџоࣸή࡞ӻ CPU ၥྛȄ
‫ר‬ঈӑࣼࣼ IDE ฽ᆅҬࠉ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȄ଄ுോȊ୤ኵ࢐ё฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬၆ညфဴȂ๋‫ޱ‬Ԥ
ӵ಑Πണଆ፣ႆΟȄ
‫ڥ‬ு฽ᆅಢᄘ Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/ $ sudo hdparm /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
multcount = 0 (off)
IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit)
unmaskirq = 1 (on)
using_dma = 0 (off)
keepsettings = 0 (off)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 16383/255/63, sectors = 58605120, start = 0
 6.5 ፡ᐌ฽ᆅᇄӎᆅਝ૖ hdparm 6-53

౪ӵ฽ᆅՍЍ഍ԤЛධ UDMA4ȞATA66ȟ‫ ޱܖ‬UDMA5ȞATA100ȟȂՄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ

‫ ޟ‬UDMA ൷࢐ Ultra DMAȂΙۡԤЛධ DMA modeȄATA66 ‫ ڷ‬ATA100 ࢐ҢШ
ၶಠ‫௶ޟ‬ጣȂ‫ڷ‬ӎᆅᐠҢ‫ޟ‬ϚӣȞӎᆅᐠ೽ல࢐ ATA33ȟȂϚႆтঈ࢐џоࣺৠ
‫ޟ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ௃ BIOS ு‫ޣ‬฽ᆅ࢐Ϛ࢐ ATA66 оΰȄ
ߒ 6-6 hdparm லҢ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ୤ኵ
multcount -m ഺৎৃٙ‫ܠ‬ϞԴُϘը I/O ஜ֯КȂҞѽబჅߞᇃ஡Ժ
ᄿȂփවѼ‫ݙ‬գߞ಩҃м๼ᇄൌЏ၃գњ෯ϞȄుӡߞ
႖ȂЂ७ϯҞѽኧҐ 5% ۖ 50% ߞབྷࣹవࣹ༓Ȅ഼௱ൌ
࣏നऎ -m16 ѽۤఀ൵‫ڸ‬ੜକȂփ -m0 ऎᝯൕЙӡȄ
IO_support -c ԧৎᓴ༵ఠۘϞ๼ᇄ෿ѯೡۖ PCI ߞཇᓮጀՑȄවѼ‫ݙ‬գ
ߞ IDE ႅ൯ൌକњ෯ 32 ֜ЮԢَཇᓮϞȂϵգᣌԺକњ
෯ 32 ֜ЮࠧԢَཇᓮȂࠧԢَཇᓮԴನᎢϯ࣏ѧԢَཇ
ᓮੜକՀȄჰന࣏ 16 ֜ЮཇᓮȂணዴऎ -c0Ȅ32 ֜Юࠧ
Ԣَཇᓮணዴ࣏ -c1ȂԢَཇᓮணዴ࣏ -c3Ȅ
using_dma -d ഺ࣏Ϙ‫ܠ‬ঋ༟ߞ஧Ȋ -d0 ᝯఫ DMA ཇᓮȂ-d1 Ӈ༟ DMA
ཇᓮȄ
UDMA ᛝҳணዴ -X ATA33 ࣏ -X66ȂATA66 ࣏ -X68 փ ATA100 ࣏ -X69Ȅ
cache ᡝۤเႏ -t เႏం๼ᇄ cache ᡝۤႤਫ਼ߞി࢘Ȃ഼௱ྻѧ -T ‫࢝أ‬Ժ
࢝ԺȂවѼ࣏ᅁᢜབྷࣹవߞി࢘Ȅ
๼ᇄᡝۤเႏ -T เႏం๼ᇄૌӒᡝۤႤਫ਼ി࢘Ȅ
๼ᇄೡᅗႎ೟Ⴄୈ -i ᢖӯ๼ᇄႎ೟ߞೡᅗന‫ৃܠ‬ȂՂԴ৹Ϙৎ UDMA mode
ຈȄ
ӵᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫؁‬ᡐ฽ᆅ୤ኵоࠉȂ‫ר‬ঈӑ‫پ‬กၐএਝ૖ࣼࣼȄ
กၐ฽ᆅਝ૖Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/ $ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
Timing cached reads: 848 MB in 2.00 seconds = 424.02 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 8 MB in 3.79 seconds = 2.11 MB/sec

๋‫ߒྱٷޱ‬ਿ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ೩ۡ฽ᆅ࣏оή୤ኵȂณࡣӔกၐΙԩ֑Ȋ
6-54 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ

೩ཱིۡ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ‫ٮ‬иกၐਝ૖Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:/ $ sudo hdparm -c1 -m16 -d1 -X68 /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
Timing cached reads: 928 MB in 2.00 seconds = 463.10 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 66 MB in 3.03 seconds = 21.78 MB/sec

ਝ૖ԁӻΟ֑Ȋ๋‫ޟޱ‬୤ኵඁн࢐ؐΙѮᐠᏢ഍џоৈҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձџо‫ޢ‬௥
਌ўҢ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȅष࢐ձ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ࢐ ATA100 ‫ޟ‬ၗȂᗙџо‫׽‬ԙ -X69Ȃᔖ၎Ԥ‫؁‬ԁ‫ޟ‬
ਝ૖ȄՄӎᆅᐠζџоҢࣺӣ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬ശ‫ٹ‬ϽȂϚႆ࡚ដѫ໠ం DMA ൷ԁȂषձ
ᖚυ࡞σζџоՌϏკၐ‫ڏ‬т୤ኵȄ
࿋ณ᠞‫ོޱ‬དौؐԩ໠ᐠ൷Ռଢ଼೩ۡԁȂ٥ቄԤ‫ڍ‬এПԒȂ಑Ιএ࢐‫װ‬೻এࡾ
хቸ‫ ڗ‬/etc/rc.local ၇Ȃӵ໠ᐠശࡣ൷ོՌଢ଼ஈ՗‫ڗ‬ΟȄՄӵ Ubuntu ၇७ԤΙ
এடߞܹ hdparm ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដܹӵ٥၇ȂོШၶԁᆰ៖Ȅ
Ѻ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬӵ /etc/hdparm.conf ၇७ȂѺԤႱ೩‫ޟ‬዁ಢϽᒵ໶џо೩ۡ୤ኵȂ
Ϛႆ๋‫ޱ‬ឈுІՄϚ‫ޢ‬ᢎȄѺശࡣζԤඪ‫ޢټ‬௥ command line ዁ԒȂџо‫ޢ‬௥
‫ װ‬hdparm ‫ޟ‬୤ኵቸΰўȄ
೩ۡᔬ /etc/hdparm.conf Ȉ
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
# ࠡኔຍᇙਢࠌ‫ֺش‬ለլ‫ڤإ‬ऱ‫܂‬ऄΔ‫ڤإ‬ऱֱ‫ڤ‬ਢଥ‫ ޏ‬/dev/hda { }߷ԫ᥏
# ᇙ૿ऱ೶ᑇΖ‫܀‬ਢ࿝ृᝫਢ໛ᦟऴ൷‫ף‬Ղ۞ա૞ऱਐ‫ח‬Δᦰृ‫ط۞אױ‬ᙇᖗΖ
#/dev/hda {
# mult_sect_io = 16
# write_cache = off
# dma = on
#}

# ٣‫ނ‬Հ૿ုᇞஞൾ‫ܣ‬Μ٦‫ף‬Ղუ૞ࠌ‫ش‬ऱ hdparm ਐ‫ח‬Ζ

command_line {
hdparm -c1 -m16 -d1 -X68 /dev/hda
}

# ૉ‫ࠟڶ‬ଡ‫א‬Ղ࿏጗Δࢨृਢ૞ଥ‫ޏ‬٠጗ᖲ೶ᑇΔ‫׽‬૞‫ݫڇ‬ԫଡᄅऱ command_line
# ੄ᆵ‫ױܛ‬Μಖ൓‫ޢ‬ଡ੄ᆵ‫׽‬౨๻ࡳԫଡ hdparmΜ
command_line {
 6.5 ፡ᐌ฽ᆅᇄӎᆅਝ૖ hdparm 6-55

hdparm -c1 -m16 -d1 -X66 /dev/hdb

}

Ⴑ೩ hdparm.conf ୤ኵོӵ໠ᐠࡣஈ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ও‫ ׇ׽‬hdpram.conf ࡣѫ

ौ१ཱི໠ᐠ൷џоҡਝȂζ൷࢐оࡣؐԩ໠ᐠ഍ོంҢ hdparm ёഀௌ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ᠞
‫ڥ‬ഀ࡙Ȅष᠞‫ޱ‬ौጂᇯততও‫ޟ׽‬୤ኵџоԃႱ෈‫ޟ‬ంҢ‫ؠܖ‬ԤᒿᇲȂоήጒ‫ٽ‬
஠Йଢ଼௃ hdparm.conf ᠞‫ڥ‬୤ኵ‫ٮ‬ంଢ଼Ȅ
Йଢ଼௃ hdparm.conf ంҢ hdparm Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/hdparm restart
* Setting disc parameters... [ ok ]
# ૉ᧩‫אق‬Ղಛஒ༉‫ז‬।൞ऱ ๻ࡳ‫إ‬ᒔΔૉ‫ڶ‬ᙑᎄऱᇩΔ
hdparm.conf
# ᛀ਷ԫՀ൞ऱ፿ऄਢ‫إܡ‬ᒔ‫ܣ‬Μ٣‫ڗ֮ش‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬ऴ൷‫ྒྷװ‬൞૞ऱ೶ᑇ!!ໝΜ
# ൷Հࠐ٦ऴ൷၀ࠩ hdparm.conf ᇙ૿ΖՕ୮່ൄ‫ح‬ऱᙑਢ‫ࠟڶ‬ଡ࿏጗Δ
# ᐊ‫ٵڇ‬ԫଡ command_line { } ೴੄Δಖ൓‫ޢ‬ଡ࿏጗૞ᗑ‫م‬ऱ೴੄ໝΜ
6-56 ಑ 6 ണ ‫ف‬ಛ೩ۡᇄਝ૖፡ਮ
 ග൅ᑗ࿪

Linux ΰ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗცϰ೨ӻϯϽȃџಢӫ‫෇ܖ‬඲‫ޟ‬ϭ७֕౪Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬ਹ७ᕗც‫ר‬
ঈᆎ࣏ Desktop EnvironmentȄՄ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬GnomeȂKubuntu ࢐
KDE Ȃ Xubuntu ࢐ XFCE ȄՄӨᆍ Windows Manager ഍ԤтঈՌϏ‫ޟ‬੫ՓȂ๋
‫ޱ‬೻၇ོ഍฿ཌϭಝΙήȂष᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥᑹ፸џоՌϏ၆ଔ‫ޖپ‬Ι‫ޖ‬Ȅ

7.1 X Server ຅ࡌ
σড়லலོ‫ װ‬X Window System ᙏᆎ࣏ XȂՄ X Window ԤϷ࣏ Client ‫ڷ‬
ServerȄӰԪӵ Linux ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ຜๅ‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ‫ ڷ‬MS Windows ‫ޟ‬৯࡞ӻȂ࢐Ιএଽ
࡙዁ಢϽик௃࢜ᄺ‫فޟ‬ಛȄX Server ॒೰ΟΙϸሯौ‫ڷ‬฽ᡝྜ೽‫ٱޟ‬௑Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ
ᛲᇧӨᆍห७࠮‫ޑ‬ᇄΰՓȂоЅ฽ᡝёഀ้้Ȃശࡣӵ‫װ‬ᄂሬ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ᡗҰӵӨᆍ
Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ϭ७ΰȂԃ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ᒉᄍ้Ȅ
‫ܚ‬Ԥӵ X Window ເ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ഍ᆎ࣏ X ClientȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ FirefoxȃOpenoffice
้้ȂՄ Window Manager ζᆗ࢐Ιᆍ X ClientȂѺۡဎΟΙ‫ٲ‬ຜๅᕗც‫ߝޟ‬
ࣺȂ‫ٽ‬ԃࡸ໖Ȃշශкᚠ้้Ȅ೻‫ ٲ‬X Client ೺ᡝོആႆ೽ଉ೽ၾ೿ጣ‫ ڗ‬X Server
ўୈശࡣᒯю‫ڗ‬೩രΰȂ‫ܚ‬оਲ਼ᐃ೻‫ٲ‬྅‫܈‬ȂX Server ‫ ڷ‬X Client џо࢐Ϛӣ
ႫသȄ
7-2 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

7.2 Ϩႍ˚ϣФቸ‫ڟ‬ X Window Manager

ԃӣࠉ७‫ܚ‬ᇳ‫ؐޟ‬ᆍ X Window ManagerȞоήᙏᆎ WMȟ഍ԤϚΙኺ‫ॳޟ‬ਿȂ
ӵ೻၇൷ϭಝඁএலَ‫ ޟ‬DE ‫ ܖ‬WMȄ
1. KDE
ӵ Kubuntu ‫ۻ‬ήႱ೩‫ ޟ‬KDE ࢐ᙢՓॳਿ‫ޟ‬Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬൷፜᠞‫ࣼޱ‬ඁ஻ყȂࣼࣼ
KDE Ԥϧቄ੫Փ֑Ȋ

೻࢐Ⴑ೩‫ ޟ‬KDE ਹ७ȂϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏԤও‫׽‬ႆΟȂШၶᙏϽ‫ގޟ‬ҏȂԃყ‫ܚ‬

َႱ೩‫ ޟ‬KDE ਹ७ΰȂϚ፣࢐ყᔬȃМӇᔬȃࣥՍ࢐ኇаᔬ഍џоઍᄂᡗҰȂ
Ϛႆყаஅҏΰོྱনҏ‫ޟ‬ᕻყᡗҰȂծ࢐‫ٮ‬ϚོনყσωᡗҰȂΙૡМԅᔬ‫ޟ‬
ၗࠌ࢐ᡗҰࠉඁ՗‫ࠉޟ‬ඁএԅȂՄኇаࠌ࢐ོ‫ڥ‬юаࢲϛ‫ޟ‬ყ࿋ყҰȂП߯ձᎧ
។Ȅ࿋ձಋଢ଼ձ‫ྤޟ‬Ⴣࡾ኿‫ڗ‬ή७‫ޟ‬ђ૖७‫ݖ‬ਢȂࠌ࢐оଢ଼ห‫ޟ‬ПԒᡗҰюӪ
ᆎȂᢍᅔ߫‫ޟ‬Ȅ

ყ 7.1 KDE ਹ७ᕗც

 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-3

٥ቄौ࢐ձ஠ྤჃࡾ኿ಋଢ଼‫ڗ‬ყΰ७‫ޟ‬ၗ‫ڹ‬ȂࠌོᡗҰσΙᘈ‫ޟ‬ყ঻ȊᗙԤΙ
‫ٲ‬၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈᔬӪȃᔬਰਿԒȃᔬਰσωȃও‫׽‬ਢ໢ȃ᏿Ԥ‫ޱ‬ȃ᠌३้
้ȂՄάоϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȞࡾॱዅȃኇаȃМԅᔬȃМӇᔬ้้ȟོԤ‫ڏ‬т‫؁‬၏ಠ
‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ፜୤Ճήყоყᔬୈ࣏ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ

ყ 7.2 ᡗҰᔬਰၥଉ
KDE ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐
௥ή‫پ‬ᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬KDE ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐֑Ȋήყ࢐ KDE Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐ӖߒȂ
ζџоও‫׽‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐Ȃ࢐ौоၰю‫ޟ‬ПԒᡗҰȂ‫࢐ܖ‬оଢ଼ห‫ޟ‬ПԒю౪Ȃ࿋ณζ
џо೩ۡഛኇ‫ڷ‬ആ݂࡙Ȅ
7-4 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.3 KDE ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐

KDE ᔬਰᖂᆓ Konqueror

Konqueror Ϛ༉џо࿋ᔬਰᖂᆓ‫پ‬ҢȂᗙџо࿋ Web BrowserȞᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲȟȃ
Samba clientȞᆩၯ޿᎑ȟȂࣥՍ࢐Ң‫پ‬᠙ॱዅζџоȂՄиᗙџо஠ձலഉ‫ޟ‬
ၥਟֶȃᆩॲȂёΣ‫ ڗ‬Konqueror ‫ޟרޟ‬ശདྷȂ࿋ณζԤ History ђ૖Ȃџо஠
ձശߖഉႆ‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶȃᆩॲ‫࢐ܖ‬Ⴋသ‫ײ‬ю‫پ‬Ȃζџо࿋ԙแԒᒵ൐‫ޟ‬ᘲ។ᏢȂࣥ
ՍζџоӵӣΙএຜๅ໠ϷॲȂઍ‫࡞ޟ‬П߯ȂՄиΙҢ൷ΰЙȄ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-5

ყ 7.4 Konqueror

KDE ௡‫ڙ‬ϛЖ
೻এ१ौ‫ޟ‬௡‫ڙ‬ϛЖȂџо೩ۡձࣼϚ‫ࣼڷڗ‬ு‫ޟڗ‬ӴПȄ‫ٽ‬ԃȈ
এΡ೩ۡȇਹ७ȃॱਝӻ൬ᡝȃᒵ൐ȃএΡᇄᛧ‫ؽ‬ȃᇭِȃ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ழဴ้Ȅ
฽ᡝȇᗤዺȃྤჃȃӟߒᐠȃႫԱႫྛȃኵ՝჋ᐠȃᓽԆ൬ᡝȃᡗҰᏢ้Ȅ
ᆩၯᇄ೿ጣȇᙢбȃ೿௥ȃϷ‫ٴ‬ȃᆩၯ೩ۡȃ݈୛้้Ȅ
‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩ȇР෈ᇄਢ໢ȃ฽ᆅᇄᔬਰȃԅ࠮Ԋ၆ȃิΣᆓ౩ȃ‫ف‬ಛ݈୛ȃ
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᇄတಢȄ
7-6 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.5 KDE ௡‫ڙ‬ϛЖ

ሉᆒު໢
џоᇄӨᆍ၆ည೿ጣ঻ȊϚᆓ࢐ᙢбȃᆩၯ݈୛ȃSambashares
Konqueror
Ȟᆩၯ޿᎑ȟ้Ȃѫौၭ๿؏᡽೩ۡ൷џо೿ΰ᠅Ȋ჋࢐ Samba clinet ζϚҢ
ϧቄ೩ۡȂѫौӵყҰᘈ‫ڍ‬ή൷џо໌Σᆩၯ޿᎑ȂӰ࣏ Samba ࢐ҢІಢឍ‫ޟ‬
ПԒȂўક၌ Windows ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ޿᎑Ȃ‫ܚ‬о։‫ٺ‬ձϚ‫ޣ‬ၾᆩၯ޿᎑‫ޟ‬တಢ IDȂѫ
ौӣΙএᆩࢲζΙኺџо໌‫ڗ‬տѮႫသ‫ܚ‬Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬ၥਟֶȂଶߨ࢐Ԥ೩஝ጆȄ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-7

ყ 7.6 Ң Konqueror ೿ΰӨᆍᆩၯ‫ܖ‬၆‫ڙ‬

ᓽԆ൬ᡝ
ӵ KDE ᒵ൐ਠԤএ‫ف‬ಛᒵ൐ȂϚѫџоᡱձᇄሉᆒު໢೿ጣȂᗙџоᒵᐅড়
Ҭᓃȃ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ҬᓃȂᗙԤᓽԆ൬ᡝџоᡱձП߯ᆓ౩Ⴋသΰ‫ޟ‬൬ᡝȂԃ฽ᆅȃ
windows ᆄୢȞԃ‫ݎ‬ӵԊ၆ਢձԤ௮ၷΰў‫ޟ‬ၗȟȃࣥՍ࢐ ipodȃᓍ٘ᆅ้Ȅ

ყ 7.7 ᆓ౩ձ‫ޟ‬ᓽԆ൬ᡝ
7-8 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

2. GNOME
Ubuntuΰ‫ ޟ‬GNOME ‫ޟ‬அҏ଩Փ࢐ᐘՓȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ GNOME ࣼଔ‫پ‬Ԥᘈ჋࢐ Mac
OS X ‫ޟ‬ཐឈȂ‫ܚ‬оσഋӋདྷҢ Apple ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ȃᙽ‫ ڗ‬GNOME ‫پ‬ζᢍ૖௥‫ޟڧ‬Ȃ
Ϛႆӵ೻၇൷ᙏ൐‫ࣼޟ‬Ιή GNOME ‫ޟ‬ਹ७଩ညȂӵή७‫ ޟ‬7.3 ണ࿽ོԤШၶ၏
ಠ‫ޟ‬ϭಝȄ
GNOME ਹ७‫ؾ‬

ყ 7.8 GNOME ਹ७ᕗც

௃೻஻ყ‫ ࣼپ‬GNOME ‫ޟ‬଩ညԤᘈ᜸խ Mac OS XȂѫϚႆή७‫ؠ‬Ԥ OS X ‫ޟ‬

Dock ՄϏȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձདौԤ᜸խ Dock ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐‫ޟ‬ၗζџоՌϏ၆Ȃΰ७‫ޟ‬ђ૖న
џоҢ‫ܹپ‬ձலҢ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝყҰȂоЅ‫פ‬ഀ‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼ᔖҢแԒȃᆩၯ՝ညȃSamba
client Ȟᆩၯ޿᎑ȟȂоЅᆓ౩ձ‫فޟ‬ಛ‫࢐ܖ‬೩ۡձ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗცȂ‫پ‬ႀ‫ڗ‬ᎌӫձ
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᕗცȂоඪଽҡ౰ΨȄ
GNOME ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐
GNOME ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐ζ࡞П߯঻ȊϚ፣࢐ϧቄ೺ᡝ၆ԁࡣ഍ོՌଢ଼ᔓձϷ᜸Ȅ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-9

ყ 7.9 GNOME ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐

՝ည
೻এᒵ൐џоᡱձᆓ౩এΡၥਟֶȃႫသȃCD/DVD ᇧհȃSamba clientȞᆩ
ၯ޿᎑ȟȂᗙԤ‫ܚ‬Ԥ೿௥‫ڗ‬ձႫသΰ‫ޟ‬൬ᡝȄ

ყ 7.10 x ՝ည
7-10 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

‫ف‬ಛ
೻এᒵ൐џоᡱձᆓ౩೩ۡႫသΰ‫ޟ‬σω‫ٱ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈਹ७ᕗც‫ޟ‬೩ۡȃф౩թ
݈ᏢȃႫသ฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂѓࢂႫԱႫྛȃྤჃȃᒉᄍ၌‫࡙ݙ‬ȃਹ७धශȃຜๅȃ
ԅ࠮ȃհཾ໦ࢲȃॱਝȃ‫ڥܪ‬Ԓ൬ᡝ้้‫ޟ‬Ȅᆓ౩‫ޟ‬ၗ‫ٽ‬ԃȈӓ‫ٴ‬ၥਟֶȃਢ໢
೩ۡȃ݈୛ȃᆄᆅᆓ౩ȃᆩၯȃᇭِЛධȃ‫ف‬ಛᅿ௡ȃоЅғӵӖӟ้Ȅ

ყ 7.11 ‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩ᑹ೩ۡ

ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ
அҏΰ GNOME ߣ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢџоҢ‫پ‬ΰ Samba clientȞᆩၯ޿᎑ȟȂ‫࢐ܖ‬
Ⴑ೩‫ ޟ‬CD/DVD ᇧհแԒζ഍࢐Ңᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȂ൷џоᐶᓃӎᆅΟȂѫौ஠ᔬਰ
഍ܹ໌ўȂณࡣԤΙএᐶᓃӎᆅ‫ ޟ‬icon ࡸήў൷џоΟȄ࿋ณ᠅Ȋӵձᘲ។ᔬ
ਰਢϚᆓ࢐ყа‫࢐ܖ‬ኇаȂζ഍ོоႱ។ყ‫֕پ‬౪঻Ȋ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-11

ყ 7.12 GNOME ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ

ყ 7.13 GNOME ߣ‫ ޟ‬CD/DVD ᐶᓃแԒ

7-12 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

3. XFCE
࢐Ιএ‫ׇ‬ᐌάሆ߯‫ ޟ‬Desktop ManagerȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ XFCE Ԥᘈ჋࢐ GNOME
XFCE
‫ޟ‬ᙏϽ‫ގ‬ȂϚႆΙᘈζϚོᒯ GNOMEȂ၎Ԥ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ιኺ഍‫ؠ‬ԤЍȂᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬ᙏ
൐‫ࣼޟ‬Ιή XFCE ਹ७ᕗც֑Ȋ
XFCE ਹ७‫ؾ‬

ყ 7.14 XFCE ਹ७ᕗც

ԃყ‫ َܚ‬XFCE ၭ GNOME ઍ‫ޟ‬ᢍ჋‫ޟ‬ȂѫϚႆ࢐Шၶሆ໔ϽȄࣺխ‫ޟ‬নӰ࢐

Ӱ࣏Ȃxfce ‫ړ‬ཎᒳྱ gnome ‫ޟ‬኿ྥ‫پ‬ቸȂ‫ٮ‬иӵእቸਢ೎೎‫ړ‬ཎࣺৠ gnomeȄ
ՄѴᢎ࡞ས࢐Ӱ࣏Ѻঈ഍࢐ gtk+แԒȂ഍‫ٺ‬Ң gtk+themeȂ೻࢐ gtk+ҏ٘‫ޟ‬੫
‫ܒ‬ȄѾΰُ࢐ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐Ȃᒵ൐ਠ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬నџоёΰձலҢแԒȂП߯‫פ‬ഀం
ଢ଼Ȃ൷჋ Firefox Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ωყԒȂѫौ஠ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐၇‫ޟ‬ყҰ‫ڗܜ‬ΰ७ўܹ։
џȄѡ᜞џо჋๋ਪΙኺ೩ည‫ف‬ಛᅿ௡೺ᡝȂᓍਢ‫ޣ‬ၾձ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ‫ݷޑ‬ȂήПώ‫ڎ‬
న‫ޟ‬ѾП࢐ᡗҰਹ७ყҰȂϛ໢ࠌ࢐ձғӵ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒȂѡ᜞ࠌ࢐ຎᔣਹ७
ᒵ൐ȂήП‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬నΙኺџо೩ညყҰȂ‫پ‬ంଢ଼แԒȄ
XFCE ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐
ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐ΙኺᙏዓȂՄиϷ᜸ζ‫ ڷ‬GNOME ৯ϚӻȄ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-13

ყ 7.15 XFCE ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐

XFCE ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ
‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲઍ‫࡞ޟ‬ᙏϽȂђ૖ζШၶЍȂસᆞ࢐Ң‫پ‬ᘲ។ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬
XFCE
оฒ‫ݲ‬ΰᆩȃᐶ CD/DVDȂϚႆంଢ଼ഀ࡙‫פ‬ȂᎌӫҢӵᙟ࠮‫ޟ‬ႫသΰເȄ

ყ 7.16 XFCE ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ

7-14 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

4. Enlightenment
࢐Ιএ࡞੫տ‫ ޟ‬Window ManagerȂо຺ሆ໔Ͻ‫ޟ‬ϭ७ȂᔖҢ
Enlightenment
ு࡬‫ڗ‬ԁ೎‫ޟ‬ຎᔣਹ७ȂEnlightenment ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣਹ७ζ࢐Ιኺџо೩ԙ࡞ӻএȂ
ࣥՍ࢐ձདौ‫װ‬ຎᔣਹ७᠋໠‫پ‬ᡐԙᐗ‫ޟޢ࢐ܖޟ‬഍џоȂά‫࢐ޱܖ‬ΙএғП࠮
၇ौϸԙඁএਹ७഍џоȂᗙԤᐿ੫‫ޟ‬ຜๅ၆ႺȂџо஠ຜๅᐌএԝଔ‫پ‬ᡐԙΙ
నȂՄиϱ࡚൷Ԥԁඁॳਿএџоᒵ඲Ȃຎᔣਹ७ᗙџо఼ཿ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰձؐএਹ७
‫ޟ‬ᕻყȂџоᡱձ఼ཿ‫ؐڗࣼޟ‬এਹ७‫ޟ‬แԒȂՄϚѫԤ਱਱ȄѪѴԃ‫ݎ‬ձႫသ
ΰӣਢԊ၆ GNOMEȃKDEȂEnlightenment ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӵ GDM ौᒵᐅ session ਢȃ
џоี౪άӻΟ‫ڍ‬এ session џоᒵ঻ȊӰ࣏ Enlightenment џоၭ KDE ‫ڷ‬
GNOME ᐌӫȂ‫ܚ‬оάོӻюΟ E-KDEȃE-enlightenment ೻‫ڍ‬এ sessionȄ

Enlightenment ਹ७‫ؾ‬

ყ 7.17 Enlightenment ਹ७ᕗც

Enlightenment แԒ
ζԤю឴ܻՌϏ‫ޟ‬ωแԒ঻ȊѺԤՌϏю‫ޟ‬ωਢមȃCPU ᅿ
Enlightenment
กȃᆩၯᅿกȃSWAP ॒ၷᅿกȃ‫ف‬ಛ॒ၷᅿกȂ้้‫ޟ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ਹ७ωแԒȄ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-15

ყ 7.18 Enlightenment ωแԒ

Enlightenment ‫פ‬ഀంଢ଼
ӵ Enlightenment ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ΰࡸѾᗤȂᒵᐅ಑Ι໶൷ོю౪லҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒᒵ൐Ȅ

ყ 7.19 Enlightenment லҢแԒᒵ൐

7-16 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

௃ຎᔣਹ७‫ܴپ‬ԣแԒ
џоӵѾήП‫ޟ‬ຎᔣਹ७Ȃࡸ๿ѾᗤܴԣωყҰȂџо௃ӈդ
Enlightenment
Ιএਹ७‫ޟ‬แԒȂܴ‫ڗ‬տ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ўȄ

ყ 7.20 ௃ຎᔣਹ७‫ܴپ‬ԣแԒ

5. ICEWM
࢐Ιএ຺ᙏϽ‫ ޟ‬Window ManagerȂШ Enlightenment ᗙौᙏϽሆ໔
ICEWM
঻ȊϚႆႱ೩‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗცϚ࢐࡞छȂՄиौ‫׽‬೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ၗΙۡौ‫ޢ‬௥ও‫׽‬೩ۡᔬ
ਰȄϚႆᗙ࢐ԤΡ‫ װ‬ICEWM ‫׽‬ு࡞ᅔ߫Ȃծ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң ICEWM ‫ޟ‬೽ல࢐໌໦‫ٺ‬Ң
‫ޱ‬ȂՄи‫ڏ‬ҁРᐇհσӻӵತᆒᐠᕗცή‫ׇ‬ԙȂёΰདौ፡ਮԙᎌӫՌϏ‫ޟ‬ᕗც
ᢍ߆ਢ໢‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оҁலζᘀЍࣼ‫ڗ‬ԤΡ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-17

ICEWM ਹ७‫ؾ‬

ყ 7.21 ICE ਹ७ᕗც

ԃყ‫ َܚ‬ICEWM ߒ७ΰࣼΰў‫ؠ‬ϧቄȂϚႆ၇७ᙠ‫ݍޟ‬ՙџӻ‫ࠪޟ‬Ȅ

ICEWM แԒᒵ൐
ICEWM џоԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐Ȃζོ஠ GNOMEȃKDE ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐ѓ໌ўȄ
7-18 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.22 ICEWM แԒᒵ൐

Ӱ࣏ጕൽ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ‫ܚ‬о኷ਢ൷ӑϚϭಝࡩቄ‫׽‬അ ICEWM ‫ޟ‬ਹ७ᕗცΟȂϚႆ

ष᠞‫ޱ‬ձԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬ၗȂζџоՌϏ‫ײײ‬ၥਟȂ‫ڏ‬ਢ ICEWM ‫ޟ‬೩ۡϚᜲȂࣺ߬ӵ
ձ‫ײ‬ၥਟ‫ޟ‬ӣਢȂོี౪࡞ӻ ICEWM ‫ޟ‬ᡙΡϞ೎Ȅ

7.2.1 ԃդӵ GDM ϸ඲Ϛӣ X Window Manager

໠ᐠࡣᗙ‫ؠ‬ᒯΣழဴਢȂӵ GDM ࡸή F10 ࡣོю౪ᒵ൐Ȃ೻ਢঐᒵᐅ
ubuntu
հཾ໦ࢲᒵ໶Ȅ
 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-19

ყ 7.23 ᒵᐅհཾ໦ࢲ

ณࡣོю౪հཾ໦ࢲᒵ൐Ȃ೻ਢঐᒵᐅձདौ‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager ։џȄ

ყ 7.24 ᒵᐅ X Window Manager

7-20 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

7.2.2 Ԋ၆ KDE
ҥܻԤ metapackageȞຎᔣৈӇȟ೻П߯‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂ‫پ‬ᔓ‫ר‬ঈᐌӫ KDE ਹ७ᕗ
ც‫ܚ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈϚ҆ή࡞ӻࡾх‫پ‬Ԋ၆ KDE Ȃѫौ஠ KDE ‫ޟ‬
metapackage ήࡾх၆ΟоࡣȂѫौ೩ۡඁএᒵ໶൷џо஠ KDE ၆ԁΟȄ

Ԋ၆ KDE ‫ ޟ‬metapackage
$ sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

σघོήၷ 133 MB ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ၌ᔆᕻԊ၆ࡣོੑૉᆄᆅघ 403 MB ‫ުޟ‬໢Ȅ

Ԋ၆ႆแϛႄ‫ޟڗ‬ᒵ໶
ӵԊ၆ႆོඪҰձȂ஠໠ۖ KDM ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ೻ਢঐࡸ Enter ։џȄ

ყ 7.25 ໠ۖ kdm ೩ۡ

௥ή‫ پ‬KDM ོ୰ձौᒵᐅ KDM ‫ ܖ‬GDMΔᗙ࢐ᒵ GDMȄ

 7.2 ӨᆍϚӣԤ፸‫ ޟ‬X Window Manager 7-21

ყ 7.26 ᒵᐅ GDM

Ϛႆ‫ٷ‬Ԋ၆໷‫ו‬ϚΙኺȂџ૖ᗙོႄΰ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬୰ᚠᒵ໶ȂԃȈོ୰ձ၌‫࡙ݙ‬Ȃ
೻൷ࣼձ‫ޟ‬ႫသᒉᄍȂџоЛධ‫ڗ‬ӻଽ‫ޟ‬၌‫࡙ݙ‬ΟȂ൷፜Ռ՗րᘞ঻Ȋ

7.2.3 Ԋ၆ XFCE
‫ ڷ‬KDE ΙኺѫौԊ၆ XFCE ‫ ޟ‬metapackage ൷џо᠅Ȋ
Ԋ၆ XFCE ‫ ޟ‬metapackage
$ sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
7-22 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.27 XFCE ิΣห७

7.2.4 Ԋ၆ Enlightenment
Ԋ၆ Enlightenment ζ࡞‫঻פ‬Ȋѫौ‫ޢ‬௥Ԋ၆ Enlightenment ։џȄ
$ sudo apt-get install enlightenment

Ԋ၆ਢོՌଢ଼ᔓձ‫ܚװ‬Ԥࣺ‫ޟٷ‬ৈӇ഍Ԋ၆ԁȄ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-23

ყ 7.28 ӵ GDM ᒵᐅ Enlightenment ิΣ

7.3 ჯᘋ GNOME અΏጇѰ

அҏᐇհዣ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоᡱձ‫פ‬ഀΰЙ঻Ȃԃ‫ཱི࢐ݎ‬Й‫ޟ‬ၗџоࣼΙήȄ
ϛᗤ։џຮΰ
ӵ Linux ‫ ޟ‬X ήȂѫौ஠ձདौ‫ޟ‬МԅҢྤჃᒵଔ‫پ‬ȂІҩࡣӵདຮΰ‫ޟ‬ӴП
ࡸήϛᗤȂ‫ྤ࢐ܖ‬Ⴣᅌᎈ։џຮΰȂϚႆ೻ᆍຮΰ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ၭ Ctrl+C ϚΙኺȂ
Crtl+C ‫ࡸ࢐ܖ‬ѡᗤፒᇧ࢐ຮ‫ڗ‬୘ຮᛩȂՄ೻এђ૖࢐‫פ‬ഀ኷ਢ‫ޟ‬ȂषІҩᒵଔ
‫پ‬ΟоࡣȂϚωЖӔᒵ‫ڗ‬տ‫ޟ‬МԅȂ൷ོѶਝȂѫԤശࡣೝІҩ‫ޟ‬МԅོೝຮΰȄ
ຎᔣਹ७
ԁԁ๡Ңձ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣਹ७џ࢐џоᡱώհਝ౥σσඪЀȄຎᔣਹ७‫ޟ‬Ң೎࢐ȂҢ
Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬ਢঐԤਢঐོ໠࡞ӻᒑๅȂலலຜๅོӻ‫ڗ‬ौᘈ‫پ‬ᘈўϗ૖‫ڗײ‬དौ‫ޟ‬Ȃ
٥ቄԃ‫ݎ‬џо‫ٷ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬൉ԁϷ᜸‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ٽ‬ԃȈΰᆩ᜸ܹӵӣΙএਹ७ȂಮЈ᜸ܹӣ
Ιএਹ७Ȃώհ‫ٱޟ‬௑ζѪѴܹΙএਹ७Ȃ೻ኺ࢐Ϛ࢐џоඪଽਹ७‫ٺޟ‬Ңਝ
౥ȂณࡣѪѴΙএਹ७ᗙџоҢ‫پ‬ႫኇζϚᒿ֑Ȋ
7-24 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ծ࢐ौ଄ுؐএ X Window Manager ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣਹ७੫‫࢐ܒ‬ϚΙኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥᑹ፸

‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоؐএ WM ഍ၐࣼࣼ঻Ȋ
ཱིቨωყҰ‫פ‬ഀంଢ଼
୅ԃϬЈ‫ר‬ঈ၆ΟΙএแԒȂ‫࢐ܖ‬དौও‫׽‬แԒ‫ޟ‬Ⴑ೩঄Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂџо‫ޢ‬௥ёӵ
ΰ७‫࢐ܖ‬ή७‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ӗ঻Ȋ፜ࣼоήҰጒȄॶӑӵΰ७‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ӖࡸΙήѡᗤȂᒵ
ёΣ७‫ݖ‬

ყ 7.29 ёΣཱིంଢ଼ωყҰ‫ޟ‬७‫ݖ‬

ณࡣོю౪ёΣ७‫ޟݖ‬ᒵ൐Ȃ፜ᘈᒵՌॏแԒంଢ଼Ꮲ

ყ 7.30 ёΣ७‫ݖ‬
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-25

௥๿ོю౪࡚ҳంଢ଼ყҰ‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐Ȃ೻၇๋๿о FileZilla3 ୈ࣏ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵӪ

ᆎ‫ר‬ঈᒯΣ FileZilla3Ȃ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ΙૡӪᆎ‫ڷ‬രຝџоϚҢᒯΣȂࣼএΡ൉ԁ᠅Ȋശ
१ौ‫ࡾ࢐ޟ‬х‫ޟ‬ӴПȂࡾхശԁ࢐༲ΰ FileZilla3 ஈ՗ᔬ‫ޟ‬๘ᄇၯ৷Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ޱ‬
ՌϏ‫ ޟ‬FileZilla3 ஈ՗ᔬၯ৷Ȃ/home/ducati/program/FileZilla3/bin/filezilla ༲ΰ
ўȂ೻ኺ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 7.31 ёΣӪᆎᇄၯ৷

Ϛႆ᠞‫ޱ‬ձᔖ၎ี౪ᗙ‫ؠ‬ԤყҰ֑Ȋ೻ਢঐᘈᒵ‫ؠ‬ԤყҰ‫ࡸޟ‬໖ȂᒯΣ
FileZilla3 ‫ ޟ‬ყ Ұ ၯ ৷ Ȃ /home/ducati/program/FileZilla3/share/filezilla/
resources/Ȃณࡣᒵ FileZilla3 ‫ޟ‬ყҰࡸጂۡ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 7.32 ёΣყҰၯ৷

௥๿ყҰ൷ོၭ๿ю౪᠅Ȋ
7-26 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.33 ю౪ყҰ

ณࡣࣼࣼӵ७‫ގ‬ΰ࢐Ϛ࢐ӻюΟཱི‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼ყҰ

ყ 7.34 ཱིంଢ଼ყҰю౪

ԊӒ‫ޟ‬ଝю USB Disk

ԊӒ‫ޟ‬ଝю USB Disk ࢐࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬ȂӰ࣏ԃ‫ؠݎ‬ԤԊӒଝю‫ޟ‬ၗȂၥਟ࡞џ૖
ϚོೝԆ໌ўȂ‫ܚ‬оҢ USB Disk ौଝю‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ፜଄ுौԊӒଝюȂ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ
ζலқ೻এᒿᇲȂலல‫ؠ‬Ԇ‫ڗ‬ၥਟ൷‫ܦ‬ю‫پ‬ΟȄ

ყ 7.35 ԊӒଝю USB Disk

 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-27

໠ంᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ
಑Ιԩ‫ٺ‬Ң GNOME ‫ ܖ‬KDE ‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ȂΙ໠ۖџ૖ོ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȂ๋‫ޱ‬
ՌϏ಑ΙԩҢ൷࢐೻ኺȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻၇ᗙ࢐ᇳΙήȂࡩቄ໠ం GNOME ‫ ڷ‬KDE ‫ޟ‬
ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȄ
1. ໠ం GNOME ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȂ՝ည--> এΣၥਟֶ ‫ ܖ‬ਹ७

ყ 7.36 GNOME ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ

2. ໠ం KDE ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȂ७‫ގ‬ΰ‫ف ޟ‬ಛᒵ൐--> ড়ҬᓃȞौӑᘈ໠‫ف‬ಛᒵ൐ȟ

ყ 7.37 KDE ᔬਰᘲ។Ꮲ

7-28 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

7.3.1 ও‫ิ׽‬Σห७ȞGDMȟ
‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ف‬ಛϛԤඁএџоᒵᐅ‫ิޟ‬Σห७ȂϚႆौ࢐Ϛ൉᠍ࡩቄᒲ‫ڹ‬ȉ࿋ณ൷ΰ
ᆩમў‫᠅ײײ‬Ȅӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈϭಝඁএᆩમȂ࢐ Linux user དྷҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃџо஠ձ‫ ޟ‬X
Window Manager ‫׽‬၆‫ޟ‬छछ‫ޟ‬ȂՄиϚᆓ࢐շශкᚠȃSplash Screenȃ GDM
ิΣห७ȃ‫ف‬ಛყҰȃਹ७धශ้Ȃ഍џоও‫׽‬Ȃ࿋ณ‫ڏ‬ᄂᗙϚѫԤ೻‫ٲ‬Ȃ჋࢐
ྤჃ෬኿ȃշශȃԅ࠮ζџоՌҥ‫؁‬඲Ȅ
KDE-LOOKȞhttp://www.kde-look.orgȟȈ୅ԃձ࢐ KDE ‫ޟ‬དྷҢ‫ޱ‬Ȃ፜ࣼ
೻এᆩમȄ
GNOME-LOOKȞhttp://www.gnome-look.org ȟȈ୅ԃձ࢐ GNOME ‫ޟ‬དྷ
Ң‫ޱ‬Ȃ፜ࣼ೻এᆩમȄ
XFCE-LOOKȞ http://www.xfce-look.orgȟȈ୅ԃձ࢐ XFCE ‫ޟ‬དྷҢ‫ޱ‬Ȃ፜
ࣼ೻এᆩમȄ
٥ቄ௥ή‫໌پ‬ΣғᚠȂࡩቄኺও‫ ׽‬GDM ‫ิޟ‬Σห७Ȃձџоᒵᐅ‫ف‬ಛႱп‫ޟ‬
ζџоȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ौΰ GNOME-LOOKȂ൶‫ײ‬ՌϏ൉᠍‫ޟ‬Ȃή७‫ٽޟ‬υ‫ר‬ঈҢΰᆩ‫ײ‬
‫ ޟڗ‬GDM Themes ‫پ‬ၐၐȄ
‫ ڗ‬GNOME-LOOK ᒵᐅѾ᜞‫ ޟ‬GDM Themes

ყ 7.38 GNOME-LOOK
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-29

1. ΰ GNOME-LOOK ‫ײ‬ՌϏ൉᠍‫ ޟ‬GDM Themes

Ң Sleek Dragon ೻এ GDM Themes ୈ‫ٽ‬υȂᆩ֭Ȉ
http://www.gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=25716

ყ 7.39 Sleek Dragon GDM Themes

2. ໠ۖԊ၆
ᒵᐅ download ήၷӱ‫پ‬ȂϚҢ၌ᔆᕻȂӑ໠ంও‫ิ׽‬Σห७‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȅ‫ف‬ಛ-->
ᆓ౩--> ิΣห७Ȅ
7-30 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.40 ิΣห७ও‫׽‬แԒ

ณࡣџ૖ོौձᒯΣழဴ஝ጆȂԃ‫ؠࠉݎ‬ӻδԤᒯΣႆΙԩȂ൷ϚོӔඪҰձ
ᒯΣȄ

ყ 7.41 ᒯΣழဴ஝ጆ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-31

ᒯΣࡣ௥๿ิΣห७ও‫׽‬แԒ൷ོ໠ంȂ೻ਢঐ‫ר‬ঈџоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂႱ೩ᗙԤ
ԁඁএ GDM Themes џоᒵ঻Ȋ٥ौࡩቄԊ၆௃ᆩၯΰήၷ‫ڹޟ‬ȉ
ॶӑࡸΙή AddȄ

ყ 7.42 ཱིቨήၷ‫ ޟ‬GDM Themes

ᒵᐅতϗήၷ‫ ޟ‬tar.gz ᔬਰ՝ည

7-32 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.43 ᒵᐅ GDM Themes .tar.gz ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ

ᒵԁࡣџоี౪ӻΟཱི‫ ޟ‬GDM ThemesȂᒵᐅΟоࡣᜰ௬ຜๅȄ

ყ 7.44 ཱི‫ ޟ‬GDM Themes

 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-33

3.กၐ࢐֏Ԋ၆ԙђ
௥๿џоิюࣼࣼ GDM Themes ࢐֏ೝ඲௬Ο

ყ 7.45 Sleek Dragon GDM Themes

೻ኺ൷σђ֙ԙ᠅Ȋ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬GDM Theme ζџоҢӣኺ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȅ

7.3.2 ও‫ิ׽‬Σႆแห७ȞSplash Screenȟ

ॶӑ‫ڹ‬Ιኺ‫ ڗ‬GNOME-LOOK ᘈᒵ Splash ScreenȂ‫ڗײ‬ՌϏ൉᠍‫ ޟ‬Splash
Screen ࡣȂџоӵᔬਰਠࡸѡᗤȂᒵᐅӵԪ၌ᔆᕻȄ
7-34 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.46 ၌໠ᔆᕻᔬ

ณࡣ஠ᔬਰ copy ‫ ڗ‬Splash Screen ‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶ

$ sudo cp ᚾூࢬ‫ڇ‬ᇷற݈/xxxx.png /usr/share/pixmaps/splash/xxxx.png
௥๿Ԋ၆ gconfȂ೻࢐࣏Οौও‫ ׽‬Splash image ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄
$ sudo apt-get install gconf

ณࡣӵ console ή໠ం gconf-editor

$ gconf-editor &

ณࡣᒵᐅ apps--> gnome-session--> optionsȂ௥๿ӵ splash_image ࡸѡ

ᗤȂᒵᐅও‫׽‬೩ۡᗤȂณࡣᒯΣձতϗ copy ႆў /usr/share/pixmaps/splash/ ‫ޟ‬
ყᔬӪᆎȂ჋࢐ splash/xxxx.png ։џȄ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-35

ყ 7.47 Ң gconf-editor ೩ۡ Splash image

ณ൷ิюӔิΣȂࣼࣼิΣϛ‫ޟ‬ห७࢐Ϛ࢐Ԥ‫׽‬ᡐ‫ڹ‬ȉ

ყ 7.48 ཱི‫ิޟ‬Σϛห७
7-36 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ԃ‫ิޟཱིޟࣼݎ‬Σϛห७ϛห७൷ ok ᠅Ȋԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥԙђ‫ޟ‬ၗȂԤџ૖࢐
ӵ gconf-editor ‫ ޟ‬Ӵ П ҈ ᒿ Ӫ ᆎ Ο Ȃ ‫ ࢐ ृ ܖ‬ᔬ ਰ ‫ ؠ‬copy ‫ڗ‬
/usr/share/pixmaps/splash/ ၇७Ȅ

7.3.3 ও‫׽‬շශкᚠ
1. ও‫ࣨ׽‬७଩Փ
‫ف‬ಛ--> ୑ԁ೩ۡ--> շශкᚠ ໠ంও‫׽‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ಑Ιএौᇳ‫࢐ޟ‬ও‫׽‬ᐌএϭ७
‫ޟ‬଩ՓȄ

ყ 7.49 ໠ంও‫׽‬շශкᚠ

Ⴑ೩൷ԤΙ‫ٲ‬଩Փџоᒵ᠅ȊζџоՌϏও‫׽‬೩ۡ঄
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-37

ყ 7.50 ও‫׽‬շශкᚠώ‫ڎ‬

ԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ൉᠍џо‫׽‬೩ۡ঄‫࢐ܖ‬ΰᆩήၷȂᆩ֭
http://art.gnome.org/

ӵᆩ֭ѡ᜞‫ޟ‬ᒵ൐Ӗᘈᒵ Application

ყ 7.51 ᘈᒵ Application
7-38 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ณࡣџоࣼ‫࡞ڗ‬ӻշශкᚠ଩Փ঻Ȋ‫װ‬൉᠍‫ޟ‬ήၷӱ‫پ‬

ყ 7.52 ήၷշශкᚠ଩Փ

௥๿ᒵᐅতϗήၷӱ‫ޟپ‬ᔬਰԊ၆

ყ 7.53 ਰ၆଩Փᔬਰ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-39

ณࡣᘈᒵշශкᚠ၏ಠ೩ۡȂณࡣᒵᐅࣨ७௡‫ڙ‬Ȃ‫ڗײ‬ձতϗ‫ܚ‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬଩Փк
ᚠ֑Ȋ

ყ 7.54 ᒵᐅձ‫ࣨޟ‬७௡‫ڙ‬

೻ኺ൷џо᠅Ȋ
2.ও‫׽‬ຜๅ၆Ⴚ
‫ ڗ‬http://arg.gnome.org/ ᒵ Window Border
7-40 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.55 ᘈᒵ Window Border

ࣼ‫ڗ‬൉᠍‫ ޟ‬Window Border ൷ήၷყ‫֑پ‬Ȋ

ყ 7.56 ήၷ Window Border

ณࡣΙኺ໠ంշශкᚠও‫׽‬ώ‫ف ڎ‬ಛ--> ୑ԁ೩ۡ--> շශкᚠȂᘈᒵԊ၆շ

ශкᚠȂᒵᐅձতϗ‫ܚ‬ήၷӱ‫ޟپ‬ᔬਰȄ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-41

ყ 7.57 Ԋ၆ Window Border

Ԋ၆ԁࡣӔᘈᒵշශкᚠ၏ಠ೩ۡ--> ຜๅ᜞਱ȂᒵᐅձতϗԊ၆‫ ޟ‬Window

BorderȄ

ყ 7.58 ᒵᐅ Window Border

ᘈήў‫ޟ‬ӣਢ൷џоࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃຜๅ၆ႺϏင‫׽‬ᡐ᠅Ȋ
7-42 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

7.3.4 ও‫ف׽‬ಛყҰ
ձ࢐֏ᄇ‫ف‬ಛყҰࣼᑶΟ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ޱܖ‬ζϚ൉᠍‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ڹޟߣܚ‬ȉ٥ቄΙኺ‫ڗ‬
http://art.gnome.org ήၷ֑Ȋᘈᒵ IconsȄ

ყ 7.59 ᘈᒵ Icons

௥๿ζήၷ൉᠍‫ ޟ‬IconsȂᘈᒵ download ή७‫ޟ‬ԅኺȄ

ყ 7.60 ήၷ Icons
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-43

ήၷყ‫ࡣپ‬Ιኺ໠ం‫ف‬ಛ--> ୑ԁ೩ۡ--> շශкᚠȂᘈᒵԊ၆շශкᚠᒵᐅ

ձতϗ‫ܚ‬ήၷӱ‫ޟپ‬ᔬਰȄ

ყ 7.61 Ԋ၆ཱི Icons

௥๿ᘈᒵ շශкᚠ၏ಠ೩ۡ-->ყҰȂณࡣᒵᐅձতϗԊ၆‫ ޟ‬Icons ൷џо᠅Ȋ

ყ 7.62 ᒵᐅཱིყҰ
7-44 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ณࡣ໠ంᒵ൐‫࢐ܖ‬ᔬਰᘲ។ᏢȂࣼࣼყҰ࢐Ϛ࢐ᡐΟ‫ڹ‬ȉ

ყ 7.63 ᔮຜཱིყҰ

ཱིყҰᢍԁࣼ‫֑ޟ‬Ȋ

7.3.5 ও‫׽‬ਹ७धශ
ӑӵਹ७ΰࡸѡᗤȂᒵ‫׽؁‬ਹ७धශȄ

ყ 7.64 ‫׽؁‬ਹ७धශ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-45

ณࡣӵਹ७୑ԁ೩ۡᒵᐅёΣਹҀȂ஠ձ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ਹҀёΣ։џ

ყ 7.65 ёΣਹҀ

௥ή‫ࣼࣼپ‬ਹҀ࢐Ϛ࢐ཱི‫᠅ޟ‬Ȋ

ყ 7.66 ཱིਹҀ
7-46 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

7.3.6 Ԋ၆ਹ७ωแԒȞgDeskletsȟ
೻࢐এ࡞ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ωแԒȂџоᡱձᒵᐅԊ၆Ι‫ٲ‬ωแԒܹӵਹ७ΰȂԃᅿก‫ف‬
ಛ‫ ޟ‬CPUȃRAMȃSWAP ‫࡙ྣޟ‬Ȃ‫ٺ࢐ܖ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ԻϷШ้้‫ޟ‬ȂζԤЈ੉‫ݷޑ‬ȃ
ॱዅኬܹȃω࠮ώ‫ڎ‬७‫ݖ‬Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬ωώ‫ ڎ‬gDesklets ഍ԤᔓձୈϷ᜸ȂѫौձԊ၆
Ο gDeskletsȂ‫ྱٷ‬Ϸ᜸൷џо‫ߣڗײ‬ӫձሯؑ‫ޟ‬ωώ‫ڎ‬Ȃѫौӵωώ‫ޟڎ‬ყҰ
ᘈ‫ڍ‬ήྤჃ൷џо၆ΰў᠅Ȋ
1.Ԋ၆‫ٮ‬ంଢ଼ gDesklets
$ sudo apt-get install gdesklets

ᔖҢแԒ--> ߣ឴ᔖҢแԒ--> gDesklets

2.ᒵᐅ‫ٮ‬Ԋ၆ωแԒ
಑Ιԩ໠ం gDesklets ࡣȂོԤΙএଉ਀ඪҰȂࣼ‫ࡣׇ‬൷џо‫ޢ‬௥ᜰ௬Ȅ

ყ 7.67 ඪҰଉ਀

ณࡣ൷џоࣼ‫ڗ‬кแԒ᠅Ȋ௥๿ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ѿ᜞࢐แԒ‫ޟ‬Ϸ᜸ߒȂѡ᜞ࠌ࢐ӣ᜸‫ޟ‬ω
แԒȂձџоӵ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ωแԒᘈѾᗤ‫ڍ‬ԩஈ՗Ȃஈ՗ࡣ൷‫ײ‬এӴПᘛȂ‫ؠ‬Ԥᘛԁ
‫ޟ‬ၗȂӵωแԒΰᘈѾᗤ൷џоಋଢ଼‫ܖ‬೩ۡȄ
 7.3 ᇯᜋ GNOME அҏᐇհ 7-47

ყ 7.68 ᒵᐅձ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ωแԒ

٥ቄ௥ή‫ࣼࣼپ‬ਹ७Ȃ࢐Ϛ࢐ᡐு‫੉ࡕ؁‬ΟȂࡩቄ‫׽‬഍൉᠍ȂՄиᗙџоΰᆩ
‫ײ‬ωแԒԊ၆঻Ȋ

ყ 7.69 ‫׽‬၆ԁ‫ޟ‬ਹ७
ᗙᆗᢍᅔ߫‫ޟ‬ਹ७֑Ȋ
7-48 ಑ ണ ຜๅᕗც
7

7.4 ˛̜Ꭿʣ‫ٲ‬Њཆ௩‫ס‬
ӵ Linux ήϛМ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆Ȃ‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐Ι໠ۖ൷ ok ‫ޟ‬Ȃ։‫ ࢐ٺ‬ubuntu
Ι໠ۖζѫԤ၆ԁ SCIMȂծ࢐ौԃ‫ݎ‬དၐࣼࣼտ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝ‫?ڹ‬٥ቄԃ‫ݎ‬Ԋ၆
Ο࡞ӻϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ЕᔝȂौࡩቄ೩ۡ‫ר‬དҢ঺ΙএȂLinux ΰάԤϧቄᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ȉ
அҏΰ Linux லҢ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ЕᔝԤ SCIMȃGCINȃXCINȃOXIM ೻ඁᆍȂࡩቄ೩
ۡȃԊ၆‫ٺڷ‬ҢȂ൷፜௥ήўࣼ᠅Ȋ

7.4.1 ϧቄ࢐ im-switch

࢐ۢП‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ޟټ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝᒵᐅ‫ف‬ಛȂџоӖюձҬࠉ‫ܚ‬Ԋ၆‫ܚ‬Ԥ
im-switch
ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ЕᔝȂζџоՌଢ଼ᔓձϸ඲ᒯΣ‫ޟݲ‬ᇭ‫ف‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬ζ࡞ᙏ൐ȊϚႆտ
ᐊЖȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ ubuntu ΰกၐႆΟȄ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ѫሯौ၆‫ׇ‬Ο im-switch ϞࡣȂӵ ubuntu
ΰོՌଢ଼ᔓձၷΣ၎ᒯΣ‫ޟݲ‬೩ۡᔬȂѫሯौձҢ im-switch ‫پ‬ᔮຜԤϧቄᒯΣ
‫ݲ‬ȂоЅϸ඲൷џо᠅Ȋ೻এࡾхϚҢ superuser ൷џо‫ٺ‬ҢΟȄ
Ԋ၆ im-switch

$ sudo apt-get install im-switch

ӖюϏԊ၆‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬
$ im-switch -l

ᒵᐅϏԊ၆‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬
$ im-switch -s oxim

‫࢐ܖ‬
$ im-switch -s gcin

೻ࡾхོᔓձӵ ~/.xinput.d ࡚ҳΙএ೺೿๖Ȟsymbolic linkȟȂ‫ܚ‬о࿋ձ໌

Σ X ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ im-switch ོᔓంଢ଼ձ‫ܚ‬ᒵᐅ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ЕᔝȂ೻ਢঐԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐Ң
superuser ‫پ‬ᒯ command ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོᡐԙ࢐ᐌএ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂՄϚ࢐൐Ι user ΟȄ
 7.4 ϛМᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ԋ၆೩ۡ 7-49

ձζџоёΰ -z option ‫پ‬ᡐ඲ᇭ‫ف‬

$ sudo im-switch -z zh_TW -s oxim
$ sudo im-switch -z zh_HK -s oxim
$ sudo im-switch -z zh_CN -s oxim
$ sudo im-switch -z ja_JP -s oxim

7.4.2 scim ࿲୽ᇭِᒯΣแԒ

࢐ ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ϛМᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ȃζ൷࢐ᇳԃ‫ݎ‬ձԊ၆ਢџоӑ DHCP ‫ڥ‬ு
scim
ip ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ቄ ubuntu ൷ོՌଢ଼ᔓձ၆ԁϛМᒯΣΟȂ೿ԁҢ‫ཱིޟ‬ሗॱζ࢐Ռଢ଼
၆ΰў᠅Ȋ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬scim ߝϧቄኺ᠅Ȋ

ყ 7.70 scim

೩ۡ scim ӵωყҰΰࡸѡᗤȂᒵ ೩ۡ scim

ყ 7.71 ᒵᐅ೩ۡ scim

scim ‫ޟ‬೩ۡຜๅȄ
7-50 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

ყ 7.72 scim ೩ۡຜ

௥๿џоᒵᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝ--> Ӓ୿೩ۡȂ‫پ‬೩ۡདौёΣ‫ܖ‬ಋଶ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ȃѫौ
஠དҢ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫҈ݲ‬ϻ൷џоҢ᠅Ȋտ‫ן‬Ο೩ۡ‫ׇ‬ौӵωყҰࡸѡᗤȂ१ཱི᠞‫ڥ‬೩
ۡ঄঻Ȃԃ‫ޟཱིݎ‬೩ۡ঄ϚᆓҢ‫ޟ‬ၗȂิюӔิΣΙԩ൷ԁΟȄ

ყ 7.73 ᒵᐅᒯΣ‫ݲ‬
 7.4 ϛМᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ԋ၆೩ۡ 7-51

7.4.3 gcin ϛМᒯΣแԒ

1. Ԋ၆ gcin
$ sudo apt-get install gcin

2. ϸ඲ gcin ࣏Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝ
$ im-switch -s gcin

௥ή‫پ‬ѫौิюิΣ൷џо‫ٺ‬Ң gcin ᠅Ȋ٥ቄ‫ר‬ঈ‫ࡩࣼࣼپ‬ቄ೩ۡЅ‫ٺ‬Ң

֑Ȋӵ gcin ωყҰΰࡸѡᗤȄ

ყ 7.74 ᒵᐅ೩ۡ

௥๿ོю౪Ιஂ gcin ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᒵ໶Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоՌϏ‫ࣼࣼޖ‬Ȅ

ყ 7.75 gcin ೩ۡᒵ໶

7-52 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც

gcin ‫ٺ‬ҢσܾᒯΣ‫ޟݲ‬௑‫ݷ‬

ყ 7.76 gcin σܾᒯΣ

‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ᒵᐅȂџоӵᒯΣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐᘈᒵσܾȂ։џᒵᐅտ‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ȃ‫࢐ܖ‬
gcin
Ιૡ჋ Windows ή٥ኺϸ඲ζџоȂԃ‫ݎ‬ϛМᒯΣюϚ‫ޟپ‬ၗȂौ଄ுӑ໠ం
ձौᒯΣ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȂณࡣࡸ Ctrl + Space ։џȄ

ყ 7.77 ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ᒵᐅ

7.4.4 gcin Ϟ⭼ፈԽᒯΣ‫ݲ‬

ॶӑ‫ڹ‬Ȋձौྥര⭼ፈԽ‫ߒޟ‬ਿᔬȂӰ࣏⭼ፈԽ࢐୦ཾ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻
൷Ϛ૖ᇳӵ঺ήၷ᠅ȊϚႆձᗙ࢐џоҢΨ‫ ޟ‬google ΙήȂᔖ၎ᗙ࢐‫ײ‬ு‫ڗ‬Ȃ
ᔬӪ࣏ liu5.cinȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ձӵ Windows ၇‫ܚ‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ฒፈԽၥਟֶ၇џо‫ڗײ‬ȄϚႆ
ձήၷӱ‫ ޟپ‬liu5.cin ᗙौୈΙᘈωও‫׽‬Ȃ჋೻এኺυȄҢ gedit ‫پ‬໠ంȈ
$ gedit liu5.cin
%gen_inp # ုΚᚾூऱ່ছ૿
%ename liu5
%cname ྤᓚ‫ۏ‬
%selkey 0123456789
%keyname begin
 7.4 ϛМᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Ԋ၆೩ۡ 7-53

a ҝ
b Ҟ
~խၴฃ~
[ θ
] θ
%keyname end # ုΚᚾூছ૿ऱ‫ֱچ‬Δ࢓Հ‫ބ‬ԫរ༉‫אױ‬઎ࠩΖ
%endkey
%chardef begin
a ኙ
aa ՚
~խၴฃ~
]]v ο
]]v σ
%chardef end # ုΚᚾூ່Հֱ
೻၇ौ‫ݧ‬ཎȊ#‫ޟ‬ຝ၌Ϛџо҈໌ў঻Ȃ௃ windows ၇਌ю‫ ޟپ‬liu5.cinȂࠉ
७ԤΙஂ # ‫װ‬Ѻў௬Ȃ Ӕ‫࢐پ‬ӵ %keyname end ‫ޟ‬ή७ёΰ %endkeyȂ‫׽‬೻
‫ڍ‬এӴПࣼଔ‫پ‬൷‫ڷ‬ΰ७ΙኺΟȄ٥ቄ௥ή‫پ‬ौ஠ liu5.cin ೻এᔬਰȂᙽ඲ԙ࣏
ᎌҢձ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ጡጆȂUbuntu ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң UTF-8Ȃծ࢐ձ௃ᆩၯΰήၷӱ‫࡞ޟپ‬Ԥџ
૖࢐ big5Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫׽ޱ‬ႆ liu5.cin ࡣȂџоҢ೻এࡾх‫ᙽپ‬ᔬȄ
$ iconv -f big5 -t utf-8 liu5.cin > liu5-utf8.cin

ณࡣོ౰ҡΙএ liu5-utf8.cin ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂณࡣ‫ר‬ঈџоҢ gcin2tab ೻এࡾхȂ‫پ‬

஠ liu5-utf8.cin Ӕᙽԙ gcin џоҢ‫ ޟ‬tab ᔬਰȄ
$ gcin2tab iu5-utf8.cin

௥๿‫װ‬ΰএ؏᡽౰ҡ‫ ޟ‬liu5-utf8.gtab cp ‫ڗ‬/usr/share/gcin/table/ ၇Ȅ

$ sudo cp liu5-utf8.gtab /usr/share/gcin/table/

௥๿ও‫ ׽‬gtab.list ೻এᔬਰ

$ sudo gedit gtab.list

‫׽‬ԙ჋೻এኺυȈ
փᒘ 0 -
ପᕂ 1 cj.gtab cj.png
ପն 2 cj5.gtab cj5.png
7-54 ಑ 7 ണ ຜๅᕗც
#᎘ᠾ 2 ez7.gtab
ࣹଃ 3 - juyin.png
#൅ᓳᆕ਋ 4 jyutping.gtab
#ᑑរପᕂ 4 cj-punc.gtab cj-punc.png
਋ଃ 5 pinyin.gtab pinyin.png
ဲଃ 6 - tsin.png
Օ࣐ 7 dayi3.gtab dayi3.png
#۩٨ 8 ar30.gtab ar30.png
⭶ᓚ‫ ۏ‬9 liu5-utf8.gtab
#⭶ᓚ‫ ۏ‬9 liu55.gtab
#⭶ᓚ‫ ۏ‬9 liu57a.gtab
#⭶ᓚ‫ ۏ‬9 noseeing.gtab noseeing.png
១࣐ - simplex.gtab simplex.png
ֲ‫ = ڤء‬kana-nippon.gtab kana-nippon.png
greek ` greek.gtab greek.png
#latin-letters ` latin-letters.gtab latin-letters.png

१ᘈ࢐⭼ፈԽ٥ඁ՗Ȃѫ૖ԤΙএ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥຝ၌‫ޟ‬Ȟ#ԅဴ൷࢐ຝ၌ȟȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬
഍ौҢ # ԅဴຝ၌ଔ‫پ‬Ȅ⭼ፈԽࡣ७‫ ޟ‬9ȂߒҰ‫ٺ‬Ң Ctrl + Alt + 9 ൷џоѩю
⭼ፈԽᒯΣ‫ٺپݲ‬ҢȂՄ 9 ‫ࡣޟ‬७࢐ᔬਰӪᆎȂौ‫׽‬ԙၭձতϗ cp ‫ڗ‬
/usr/share/gcin/table/ ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰӪᆎΙኺȄ१ཱིิΣ൷џоҢ⭼ፈԽᒯΣ‫᠅ݲ‬Ȋ

ყ 7.78 gcin Ϟ⭼ፈԽᒯΣ‫ݲ‬

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձϚ࢐Ң gcin ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ፜ӑҢ im-switch ᒵᐅࡣȂӔิюิΣȄ

$ im-switch -s gcin
 Ⴉ཯ᐖ΢ുВ

ԤΡᇳȈȶLinux ‫ؠ‬ԤΟᆩၯ൷้ܻ‫ؠ‬ԤҢȷȂҥԪџ‫ޣ‬ᆩၯᄇ Linux ‫ޟ‬१ौ

‫ܒ‬൷ၭ‫ר‬ঈؐЈ഍ौെЫΙኺȄ‫ڏ‬ᄂ Linux Ϛ༉џоҢ‫پ‬࿋ server ‫࢐ܖ‬ਹ७ᕗც
‫ٺ‬ҢȂᗙԤ೨ӻҢഊȂ჋࢐൸ΣԒ Linux SystemȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈLinux Йᐠȃড়Ⴋȃᘈ
୮ᐠȃDVD ᓃܹ೩ര้Ȃ഍џоࣼு‫ڗ‬ȄϚႆӵ೻၇࿋ณौϭಝΙήҢܻ Internet
ΰ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒȂШПᇳӵ Windows ΰ‫ר‬ঈџоࣼ‫ ڗ‬IEȃmsnȃOutlookȃBTȃ
Skype ้้‫ޟ‬ᆩၯᔖҢแԒȄ

Linux ΰζԤ೨೨ӻӻ჋࢐೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒȂϚႆᔖҢแԒ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎϚΙۡ‫ڷ‬
Windows ΙኺȄ Linux ‫ޟ‬ყ࠮ϭ७‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐Ш Windows ᗙौՂ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂӵоࠉᗙ
‫ؠ‬Ԥ Windows ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ Linux ൷Ԥყ࠮ϭ७ΟȂѫ࢐оࠉ Linux ‫ޟ‬ყ࠮ϭ७ၶϚ‫ׇ‬
ᐌȂՄиӵ٥এਢфႫသζϚ჋౪ӵ೻ቄලЅȂёΰ Linux Σߞ‫ߞޟ‬ᘤၶଽȂ‫ܚ‬
ооࠉ‫ ޟ‬Linux user ࡞ЍȂ‫؁‬տᇳࣼ‫ ڗ‬Linux ‫ޟ‬ყ࠮ϭ७ΟȂ‫ܚ‬о Linux ΰԤ࡞
ӻ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒ഍࢐ Linux নഺ‫ޟ‬Ȃи഍Ш Windows ԁҢ࡞ӻȂЎ‫ڏ‬ᗙԤ᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬
੫੆ђ૖ȊϚႆ࿋ณζԤӵ Windows ࣼு‫ޟڗ‬೺ᡝȂӣਢζԤᎌҢܻ Linux ‫ޟ‬
‫ގ‬ҏȄ٥௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ൷‫ࣼپ‬ӵ Linux ήԤϧቄலҢ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯแԒ֑Ȋ
8-2 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

8.1 Ⴉࡲᔲᛔዢ FireFox

hey Ȋ೻এ຺ԤӪ‫ ޟ‬web browserȂ೿ Windows user ഍ӵҢȄFirefox ԤӪ࢐
Ӱ࣏ᙏ൐ԁҢȂᗙԤ࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬ᘗшৈӇȂ࿋ณӵ Linux ΰ࢐ΙۡԤ‫᠅ޟ‬Ȋӵ Ubuntu
GNU/Linux ΰႱ೩࢐၆ԁ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻၇൷ϭಝΙή Firefox ‫ ޟ‬Flash playerȃ
JAVA RuntimeȃAdobe Reader PDFȃMplayer pluginȃTotem gstreamer plugin ȃ
Totem xine plugin оЅ Firefox ҏ٘ԁҢ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௮Ȅ

ѫौᘈѾΰП‫ޟ‬Ӵ౨ყҰᘈᒵ൷џоஈ՗ΟȄ

ყ 8.1 Firefox ໠ం yahoo ॶॲ

 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-3

Firefox ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ਪᡆᆓ౩

ყ 8.2 Firefox Bookmark managegr

୅षձ‫ ޟ‬Firefox ࢐़Мϭ७‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоആႆоήࡾх‫پ‬ᡐԙϛМ‫ڹޟ‬Ȋ

sudo apt-get install mozilla-firefox-locale-zh-tw

8.1.1 Flash Player Ԋ၆

ӵ Ubuntu ၇७‫ ޟ‬multiverse Ԥѓ Flash player Ȃ‫ܚ‬оৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛौ‫װ‬
multiverse ҈໠ോȊӵԊ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂѺོ୰ձौϚौΰᆩήၷȂ൷ᒵ Yes ൷ԁ୨Ȋ
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ flash player
sudo update-flashplugin # ‫ڜ‬ᇘࠩ firefox Ղ
௥๿໠ం yahoo ॶॲࣼࣼ Flash Player ࢐Ϛ࢐၆ԁΟȄ
8-4 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.10 กၐ Flash Player

࢐Ϛ࢐࡞ᙏ൐‫ڹ‬ȉ

8.1.2 JAVA Runtime Environment Ԋ၆

౪ӵȂӵ ubuntu Ԋ၆ JAVA Runtime Environment ઍ‫࡞ޟ‬ᙏ൐П߯Ȋ௃Ϭԑ‫ޟ‬
5 Т 16 Рࡣ൷ϚҢ‫ ڗ‬sun ‫ޟ‬ᆩમήၷ JDK ‫ ܖ‬JRE ӱ‫پ‬၆ΟȂѫौ apt-get ൷џ
о୨Ȋ
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

೻এଢ଼հџᡱձήၷ 83MB ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰӱ‫پ‬Ԋ၆ȂԊ၆‫ޟ‬ႆแϛོԤ௲᠌న෡‫ޟ‬ഋ

ӋȂѫौᒵᐅӣཎ൷џо᝷៉Ԋ၆แ‫ו‬Ȃjre ‫ ڷ‬java plugin ၆ԁ൷Ԥ JAVA Runtime
Environment џо‫ٺ‬ҢΟȂ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ‫ ڗ‬java ۢП‫ޟ‬กၐᆩॲกၐࣼȈ

http://java.com/zh_TW/download/help/testvm.xml

Ԋ၆ԙђ‫ޟ‬ၗӵᆩॲ၇‫ޟ‬กၐ JVM ή७ོԤ JAVA ყҰၭձᇳձ‫ ޟ‬OS typeȃ

kernel version оЅ JAVA ‫ގޟ‬ҏ঻Ȋ
 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-5

ყ 8.11 JVM กၐᆩॲ

8.1.3 Adobe Reader PDF Ꭷ᠞แԒѴ௮

ौ၆ adobe reader Ң Firefox ‫ޟ‬ၗȂUbuntu Ϗငᔓձѓ໌ўΟȂณࡣ‫ר‬ঈѫ
ौӔ၆ cmap-adobe-cns1 џоᡱ adobe ᔓձၷΣϛМԅ࠮Ȅ
Ԋ၆ mozilla ‫ ޟ‬adobe reader Ѵ௮ȂҢή७೻এ command ‫ف‬ಛོՌଢ଼Ӵᔓձ
‫ װ‬adobe ‫ޟ‬кแԒৈӇȞacroreadȟ๝Ԋ၆ଔ‫پ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оོήၷ 55.8MB ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȈ
$ sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread

Ԋ၆ԁࡣȂζϚҢ१໠ FirefoxȂѺོՌଢ଼ᔓձ‫ װ‬Adobe reader Ѵ௮ၷΣȂ಑

Ιԩ໠ం pdf ᔬਢȂོӑ୰ձ࢐֏ौӣཎ௲᠌Ȃࡸή AccpetȄ
8-6 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.12 ࢐֏ӣཎ adobe lincense

௥ή‫پ‬൷ོю౪Ң firefox ໠ం adobe reader plugin ᠞‫ڥ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬pdf ᔬ᠅Ȋ

ყ 8.13 Ң Firefox ࣼ PDF

 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-7

ԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ϛ૖໷ց‫ޟ‬໠ం PDF ᔬȂԤџ૖࢐Ѝ၆Ο cmap-adobe-cns1Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ

஠Ѻ၆ΰў֑ ^ ^
$ sudo apt-get install cmap-adobe-cns1

8.1.4 Mplayer ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢѴ௮

ഉᆩ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂலலོႄ‫ڗ‬Ԥᆩॲϱ൸ኇаȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձоࠉ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң WindowsȂIE
ོՌଢ଼ᔓձ‫ڳ‬ѩ Windows media player ю‫پ‬ᔓձኬܹᆩॲ၇‫ޟ‬ኇаȂ‫ܚ‬оϬЈ
‫ר‬ঈौୈ‫ޟ‬ζ࢐Ιኺ‫ٱޟ‬௑Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоҢ apt-cache search “mplayer”Ȃོี౪
ԤΙএѩୈ mozilla-mplayer - MPlayer-Plugin for Mozilla ‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂᗙ଄ு‫ר‬ঈ
ӵࠉ७Ԥᇳႆ firefox ࢐ based on Mozilla ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о၆ΰ mozilla-player ࡣ firefox
ζџоҢ Mplayer ‫پ‬ኬܹᆩॲϛ‫ޟ‬ኇа঻Ȋ
Ԋ၆ mozilla-mplayer
$ sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

೻ኺυ൷џоኬܹᆩॲϛ‫ޟ‬ኇа᠅Ȋ

ყ 8.14 ኇа᠞‫ڥ‬ϛ
8-8 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.15 ኇаኬܹϛ

8.1.5 Totem Gstreamer ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢѴ௮

Firefox‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢԤ೨ӻᆍ Totem Gstreamer ζ࢐‫ڏ‬ϛΙএȂџо‫ྱٷ‬
ሯؑ‫࢐ܖ‬൉ԁᒵᐅΙᆍ‫پ‬Ң։џȂծ࢐ԃ‫ݎ‬ձԤࣼႆήΙএӻ൬ᡝണ࿽൷‫ޣ‬ၾ
Totem ‫ޟ‬ኬܹЕᔝӣΙਢ໢ѫ૖ҢΙএȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձϞࠉ࢐၆ totem-xine ‫ܖ‬
mozilla-mplayer ࿋ Firefox ‫ޟ‬ኬܹᏢȂ٥ቄԊ၆ totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂौӑ஠ totem-xine-firefox-plugin ‫ ڷ‬mozilla-mplayer ಋଶȄ
$ sudo apt-get remove totem-xine-firefox-plugin mozilla-mplayer

Ԋ၆ totem-gstreamer ‫ ڷ‬totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
$ sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer

٥ቄ௥ή‫ װپ‬totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin Ԋ၆ΰў

$ sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

Ӕ‫پ‬Ιኺ໠ంԤϱ൸ኇа‫ޟ‬ᆩॲၐၐȂᗶณኬܹϭ७ᗙ࢐ၭ
Totem-xine-firefox-plugin Ιኺ࢐ TotemȂѫϚႆ࢐ኬܹЕᔝϚΙኺȄ
 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-9

ყ 8.16 Totem Gstreamer ӻ൬ᡝኬܹѴ௮

8.1.6 Totem xine ӻ൬ᡝኬܹѴ௮

ौ‫ٺ‬Ң Totem-xine-firefox-plugin ࿋ձ‫ ޟ‬Firefox Multimedia pluging ࠉȂձ҆
ሯौӑ஠ totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin ‫ ڷ‬mozilla-mplayer ಋଶ௬ȂϚณձ၆
Ο Totem-xine-firefox-plugin ࡣȂFirefox ӵኬܹᆩॲΰ‫ޟ‬ኇаਢȂᗙ࢐ΙኺོҢ
Mplayer ‫ ܖ‬Totem-gstaram-firefox-plugin ‫پ‬ኬܹȄ

ಋଶ Totem-gstaram-firefox-plugin ‫ ڷ‬mozilla-mplayer
$ sudo apt-get remove totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin mozilla-mplayer

Ԋ၆ Totem-xine-firefox-plugin
$ sudo apt-get install totem-xine-firefox-plugin

௥ή‫پ‬໠ంΙএԤϱ൸ኇа‫ޟ‬ᆩॲ֑Ȃ೻ᆍᆩॲ೽லџ૖ོӵଆ፣ୢࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃौ
፜᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏ‫ࣼࣼײ‬Ȃӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬Ңੲᆩΰ‫پޟ‬ୈҰጒყаȄ
8-10 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.17 Totem xine ӻ൬ᡝኬܹѴ௮

8.1.7 Ι‫ٲ‬ԁҢ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௮
ࣺ߬࡞ӻΡ഍Ңႆ Mozilla Firefox ࡣȂ഍ឈுѺ٥џо‫؁‬඲‫ޟ‬շශкᚠ‫࡞ڷ‬ӻ
ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ᘗшৈӇ࡞෕Ȃ٥ቄ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ൷‫ࣼپ‬ԤϧቄᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ȶᘗшৈӇȷ֑Ȋ
1. ӣ؏ձϚӣႫသΰ‫ ޟ‬BookmarksȈBookmarks Synchronizer 3
೻࢐এ຺П߯‫ޟ‬ਪᡆȄӣ؏೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ন౩࢐஠ձ‫ ޟ‬bookmarks ΰ༈‫ڗ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ
ު໢Ȃ‫ڏ‬џоᎌҢ‫ޟ‬༈ᒯ೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ԥ FTPȃHTTPȃHTTPSȂ‫ܚ‬оџоցҢձϐ
Ԥ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯު໢Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃȈISP ኅ୦ඪ‫ټ‬๝ձ‫࢐ܖޟ‬Ᏸਮ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲު໢Ȃоή‫ר‬ঈҢ FTP
‫پ‬ୈ࣏Ұጒ
Ԋ၆ Bookmarks Synchronizer 3
ᆩ֭ https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/1989/ ᘈᒵ install nowȂ‫ۢڗ࢐ܖ‬Пᆩ
મ search Ιή bookmarks synchronizer
 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-11

ყ 8.18 Bookmarks Synchronizer 3 ॲ७

ήၷ‫ོࡣׇ‬ю౪Ιএωຜๅ୰ձ࢐֏ौԊ၆ Bookmarks Synchronizer ፜ᘈᒵ

Ԋ၆

ყ 8.19 Ԋ၆ bookmarks synchronizer

8-12 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ࡸή‫ پ‬Firefox ོौؑձ१ཱིంଢ଼ Firefox ‫ׇپ‬ԙ Bookmarks Synchronizer

Ԋ၆

ყ 8.20 १ཱིంଢ଼ Firefox

೩ۡ bookmarks synchronizer 3
௥ή‫پ‬१ཱིంଢ଼ Firefox ࡣ፜ᘈᒵ ώ‫ڎ‬--> ᘗшৈӇ

ყ 8.21 ᘗшৈӇᒵ໶
 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-13

ณࡣᒵᐅ bookmarks synchronizer 3 --> ୑ԁ೩ۡȂ‫پ‬೩ۡձ‫ޟ‬кᐠӪᆎ‫ڷ‬

ழဴ஝ጆȄ

ყ 8.22 ೩ۡձ‫ ޟ‬host name ‫ڷ‬ழဴ஝ጆ

ᒵᐅ FTPȂ௥๿ᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬кᐠӪᆎȃழဴȃ஝ጆȂณࡣӔ஠ή७‫ޟ‬Ѳএᒵ໶҈
ϻȂ഍҈ϻ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོӵձ໠ం Firefox Ռଢ଼ήၷ BookmarkȂоࡣᜰഖ Firefox ਢ
ོΰ༈ BookmarkȄ೩ۡԁΟौࡸΙή Apply (Ctrl + S)Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬џоࡸή Upload
஠ձ‫ ޟ‬Bookmark ΰ༈‫ڗ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬FTP кᐠўȄ

ყ 8.23 Bookmark ΰ༈ϛ

ณࡣѪѴΙѮौӣ؏ Bookmarks ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသζ࢐ྱΙኺ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬஠ bookmarks

synchronizer 3 Ԋ၆ΰў։џȂѫौࡸή Download ൷џоӣ؏ձ‫ ޟ‬Bookmarks
ΟȄ
8-14 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

2. ‫پ‬ΰ IRC ಮЈўȈChatZilla

ቜቜȊҢ Firefox ζџоΰ IRC ಮЈȂ࡞П֑߯ȊᡱձϚҢӔӻ໠ΙএแԒ൷
џоΰ IRC ಮЈȊ
Ԋ၆ Chatzilla
ᆩ֭ https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/16/ Ιኺᘈᒵ install now

ყ 8.24 Chatzilla Ԋ၆ᆩॲ

ᘈᒵࡣΙኺᘈᒵ ҳ‫ړ‬Ԋ၆

ყ 8.25 Ԋ၆ Chatzilla
 8.1 ᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ FireFox 8-15

Ӕ‫پ‬൷१ཱིంଢ଼ Firefox

ყ 8.26 १ཱིంଢ଼ Firefox ‫ׇ‬ԙ chatzilla Ԋ၆

௥๿џоӵᆩ֭Ӗΰ҈ΰձད೿ΰ‫ ޟ‬irc server ‫ٽ‬ԃȈirc://irc.freednode.net

‫ܖ‬๿ζџоᘈᒵ ώ‫ڎ‬--> chatzilla ‫پ‬ంଢ଼

ყ 8.27 ంଢ଼ Chatzilla
8-16 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

೿ΰ IRC server ࡣџоӵή७‫ޟ‬ᄇၗ਱ᒯΣձདёΣಮЈ‫ ޟ‬channel ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

/j #ubuntu-tw

ყ 8.28 ೿ΰ ubuntu-tw

೿ΰў୨Ȋ࢐Ϛ࢐࡞П߯‫ڹ‬ȉ

ყ 8.29 Chatzilla ಮЈห७

 8.2 E-Mail ԝ߬೺ᡝ 8-17

೩ۡ Chatzilla
٥ቄौ࢐‫ר‬ঈ೿ΰў‫ ޟ‬channel ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң big5 ጡጆ‫ޟ‬ၗौࡩቄ೩ۡ‫ڹ‬ȉᙏ൐‫ޟ‬
ᇳ݂ΙήȂᘈᒵ Chatzilla ѡΰП‫ ޟ‬Chatzilla--> Preferences

ყ 8.30 ೩ۡጡጆ

ӵձёΣႆ‫ ޟ‬server ‫ ࢐ܖ‬channel ᒵᐅ GeneralȂณࡣӵ character encoding

ᒯΣ big5 ։џȄ٥ቄԃ‫רݎ‬ঈདᡱ Chatzilla ໠ంࡣȃՌଢ଼ၷΣ‫ר‬ঈདΰ‫ ޟ‬IRC
server ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџо೻ኺυୈȈΙ໠ۖΙኺ‫ װ‬Preference ѩю‫ࡣپ‬ᒵ Global
Settings--> Startup Ȃ ณࡣή७Ԥএ Add icon ࡸήࡣȂᒯΣձདौ startup ‫ޟ‬
server ൷џоΟȄ

8.2 E-Mail Н۬௺᝝

Linuxΰ࢐֏Ԥ჋ Outlook Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ԝ߬೺ᡝ‫ڹ‬ȉ๎ਰ࢐Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ȃ௥ή‫ོپ‬ϭಝ‫ڍ‬
এ E-Mail ԝ߬೺ᡝȂThunderbird ‫ ڷ‬Evolution ‫ڏ‬ᄂᐇհ೩ۡΰ഍‫ ڷ‬Outlook ৯
ϚӻȂџо೩ۡ࢐֏ё஝ȃ߬ӇϷಢȃ࢐֏߳੼߬Ӈӵনҏ‫߬ޟ‬጑၇Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬ᡱ
‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼࣼپ‬அҏ‫ޟ‬ழဴ೩ۡȄ
8-18 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

8.2.1 Thunderbird Ȟѓ֤ RSS feed ȟ

Thunderbird࢐ Mozilla ӣ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂϚႆ Thunderbird ҬࠉѫԤᙏᡝϛМ‫ޟ‬
‫ގ‬ҏȞϞ‫ܚ‬оԊ၆ zh-cn ᙚឍᔬ‫ޟ‬নӰȂ࢐Ӱ࣏ۢП‫ؠ‬Ԥԝᓃ zh-tw ‫ޟ‬ᙚឍȟȂ
Thunderbird ‫ޟ‬੫ՓѓࢂȈ᡹ࣀ‫ֱڿޟ‬໏Ӈ௡‫ڙ‬ȃRSS Ꭷ᠞ȃџоήၷձ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬
E-Mailȃ߳Ԇཪ൶ձ‫ ޟ‬Mailȃ߬ӇϷಢȃᗴ‫߳ؽ‬៖Ȃӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ൷о Gmail ࣏‫ٽ‬
ϭಝΙήԃդҢ Thunderbird ‫پ‬ԝ Gmail ‫߬ޟ‬Ȅ
ంଢ଼ Gmail POP ђ૖
http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13273

Ԋ၆ Thunderbird
$ sudo apt-get install thunderbird-locale-zh-cn

၆ԁΟоࡣџоӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> Thunderbird ‫ٮڗײ‬ంଢ଼ȂΙ໠

ོۖ୰ձौҢϧቄПԒ‫࡚پ‬ҳΙএழဴ‫ٺپ‬Ң ThunderbirdȂ‫ר‬ঈᒵ಑Ιএ Ⴋυ
໏Ӈழဴ ࡸήΙ؏Ȅ

ყ 8.31 ҢϏԤ‫ ޟ‬E-Mail ໠ం

 8.2 E-Mail ԝ߬೺ᡝ 8-19

௥ή‫پ‬ᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬Ӫԅ‫ڷ‬ழဴӪᆎȂ௥๿ࡸήΙ؏Ȅ

ყ 8.32 ᒯΣӪԅழဴ

Ӕ‫پ‬ᒯΣ pop3 ‫ ڷ‬smtp թ݈Ꮲᆩ֭ȞҢ‫پ‬ԝ߬‫߬ีڷ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ȟȂ௥๿ࡸήΙ؏Ȅ

ყ 8.33 ᒯΣ pop3 ‫ ڷ‬smtp

8-20 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ณࡣᒯΣձӵ Gmail ‫ޟ‬ழဴζѓࢂ“@gmail.com”Ȃ೽ல഍࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȅ

ყ 8.34 ᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬ழဴ

௥๿ᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬ழဴၥଉȂ೻၇ࣼདྷ҈ϧቄ഍џоȄ

ყ 8.35 ழဴၥଉ

ᡛᜌΙήၭতϗᒯΣ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ࢐Ϛ࢐ΙኺȂԃ‫ؠݎ‬୰ᚠ൷џоࡸ‫ׇ‬ԙ᠅Ȋ
 8.2 E-Mail ԝ߬೺ᡝ 8-21

ყ 8.36 ᡛᜌழဴၥଉ

Ϛႆ೻ኺυᗙ࢐Ϛ૖ԝ߬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈᗙौ೩ۡΙή port ‫ڷ‬೿ጣПԒȄ፜‫ٷ‬ήყ஠

port ‫׽‬ԙ 995ȞϚႆϚ࢐ؐএ E-Mail server ഍࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौՌϏࢥΙ
ήձ‫ ޟ‬Mail serverȟȄӑ஠ழဴ೩ည‫ޟ‬ຜๅѩю‫پ‬Ȃጡጠ--> ໏Ӈ/ཱིᆸழИ೩ညȄ

ყ 8.37 ழဴ೩ည
8-22 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

஠ port ‫׽‬ԙ 995ȃ೿ጣПԒ sslȄ

ყ 8.38 ‫ ׽‬port ᇄ೿ጣПԒ

೻ኺ൷џоԝ߬᠅Ȋձζџоӻ೩ඁএழဴȂ೻ኺυ൷ϚҢؐԩ഍ौເϚӣᆩ
ॲўԝ߬Ȅ

8.3 ҉ढ௽ਉ௺᝝
ӵ೻এᆩၯၥଉีႀ‫ޟ‬ਢфȂඁн࢐ΡΡ഍ོ‫ٺ‬Ңᆩၯ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ‫پ‬ᖒ๜‫܄‬
ԪȄਢήȂӵ Windows ᕗცήശࢺ՗‫ޟ‬൷࢐ MSN ‫ ڷ‬yahoo ௰ю‫ޟ‬։ਢ೽Ȅᗶ
ณ yahoo ෆ௰ю‫ ܖ‬Linux ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬։ਢ೽ȂϚႆ၆ΟоࡣឈுϚ࢐࡞໷ЙȂࡣ‫پ‬ά
१ӱ gaim ‫ޟ‬ᛄܲȄ٥ Linux user ഍࢐Ңϧቄኺ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ೿ΰ msn ‫ڷ‬։ਢ೽‫ڹ‬ȉശ
லَ‫ޟ‬Ιۡ࢐ Gaim ΟȂՄи Gaim Лධ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ϛ࢐ѫԤ msn ‫ڷ‬։ਢ೽Ȃᗙ
Ԥ IRCȃICQȃGroupWiseȃJabberȞџоҢ‫ پ‬Google TalkȟȃNapster ೻ቄӻȊ
ࣼுಁ߆ኩ༄ΟȂᗙԤ aMSN ζ࡞லَോȊϚႆ aMSN ѫ૖‫ٺ‬Ң MSN ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫ڞ‬
ۡȂ௥ή‫پ‬፜๋ࣼ‫רޱ‬৐৐ၾ‫֑پ‬Ȋ
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-23

8.3.1 Gaim Лධശӻ೽ଉ‫ޟۡڞ‬։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ

Gaim ࢐Ιହ࡞੫տ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ೺ᡝȂЛධࣺ࿋ӻ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬ȂѓࢂԤ AIM/ICQȃ
GroupWiseȃIRCȃJabberȃMSNȃSIMPLEȃYahooȃZephyrȂࣺ࿋ӻ֑Ȋ௥ή
‫ޱ๋پ‬஠ϭಝΙήσ྅‫ޟ‬ђ૖оЅ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒ้้ȂᗙԤΙ‫ٲ‬੫տ‫ޟ‬ђҢȄ
࡚ҳழဴ
Ӱ࣏ Gaim ࢐Ιএ஠࡞ӻ‫ۡڞ‬ಛΙ‫ޟ‬Ιএࠉᆒϭ७Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈϚ҆ЊᐊЖӵ࡚
ҳழဴਢོԤᖅᚕ‫ޟ‬ᒵ໶ȂІϞѫौӵ࡚ҳਢᒵᐅ‫ר‬ঈौ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ȅӵᒵᐅ೽
ଉ‫ۡڞ‬ਢȂሯຜձ‫ܚۡڞ‬ሯ‫ޟ‬ၥଉՄ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ
௥ή‫پ‬໠ం GaimȂᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> Gaim ᆩၯ։ਢ೽Ȃᘈᒵழဴ఼
൐--> ཱིቨȂ൷џоᒵᐅձདौ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ȃԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗζџоӵкแԒ၇‫ޟ‬
ழဴ--> ཱིቨ/ጡᒮ ‫ڗײ‬Ȅ௥ή‫ཱིࡸپ‬ቨ‫پ‬ёழဴ֑Ȋ

ყ 8.47 Gaim ཱིቨழဴ

ӵิΣᒵ໶‫ޟ‬ӴПӑᒵᐅΙή೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ȃ୅೩೻ԩ‫ר‬ঈདཱིቨ‫࢐ۡڞޟ‬
MSNȂ൷ӵ೻၇ᒵ MSN
8-24 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.48 ‫ٺ‬Ң MSN ೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬

༲ԁձӑࠉϐԤ‫ ޟ‬MSN ழဴ஝ጆȂζџо‫ٺ‬ҢԁЄყҰ঻Ȋ

ყ 8.49 ༲ԁձ‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆ

୅ԃདौቨё Yahoo ழဴȂζ৯ϚӻԃήყȄ

 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-25

ყ 8.50 ཱིቨ‫ ޟ‬yahoo ழဴ

ཱིቨԁΟоࡣ൷џоӵழဴ఼൐၇ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ο

ყ 8.51 ཱིቨԁࡣོӵழဴ఼൐၇ю౪

᠞‫ޱ‬џоࣼ‫ڗ‬ӵ఼൐၇ӻΟতϗཱིё‫ ޟ‬MSN ழဴȂӓԤέ໶ၥଉȈழဴȃం

ଢ଼‫ڷ‬೽ଉ‫ۡڞ‬Ȃѫौӵձདΰጣ‫ޟ‬ழဴਠ‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼҈ϻ൷џоΰጣ᠅Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо
ቨё‫ڍ‬এϚӣ‫ۡڞޟ‬ȂԁЄ఼൐‫ڷ‬ಮЈຜๅ഍࢐ᐌӫӵΙ༵‫ޟ‬ȂᢍП߯‫ޟ‬ཐឈȄ
8-26 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.52 ᐌӫԒ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ఼൐

ყ 8.53 ᐌӫԒ‫ޟ‬ಮЈ఼൐
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-27

‫ڏ‬ᄂ Gaim ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ϚѫԃԪȂѺᗙԤоήᓺᘈȈ

1. Ң Gaim ิΣ MSN ਢȂտΡ‫װ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ຜๅᜰΟζོԤ։ਢଉ਀ӵಮЈຜๅϛ
ю౪Ȅ
᚞ߍႬྲߍ 2.0 ҍ಩ߞୈਿЙϘዹȂЙჅୈਿԯऎЙ࣏࢝࿤ፁȂҪକ
ညணւӡȄ
2. ࿋ձΰጣਢȂGaim џоӑඪ‫ڥ‬ձԁЄ‫ྱޟ‬аП߯Ꭷ។ȄՄи୅ԃձ࢐಑
Ιԩ‫ٺ‬Ң Gaim ձ‫ܖ‬೨ོࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȉ঻Ȋ೻এΡϚ࢐‫ؠ‬ΰጣ༝ȉџ࢐ Gaim ጂ
џоඪ‫ڗڥ‬т‫ޟ‬ԁЄყҰȄ٥൷ߒҰձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ࢐ᗴ٘ΰጣ‫᠅ޟ‬Ȋ
3. Gaim џоᗴ٘ಮЈȊቜቜȊ೻ђ૖ᗶณ‫ؠ‬ԤϧቄȂϚႆԤਢঐ࢐ᅖԁҢ
‫ޟ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоၐၐၭ݉ЄಮЈਢȂ஠ Gaim ‫ ޟ‬MSN ‫ޑ‬ᄘᡐԙᗴོ٘ีҡ
ϧቄ‫ڹٱ‬ȉϚႆࠉඪ࢐ौӑᇄ݉ЄಮΟЈ‫ٮ‬иᄇПԤӱ᙭ձϗџоȄ
4. Gaim џоᡱձ‫ޣ‬ၾձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ࢐Ϛ࢐஠ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴ௃т‫ޟ‬ԁЄ఼൐ϛւଶ
ΟȊ೻এђ૖џо‫ޢ‬௥ӵձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ఼൐ϛี౪Ȃѫौձࣼ‫ڗ‬ԁЄ఼൐ΰ‫ޟ‬
ԁЄყҰ࢐҈ΰΙএऔՓ‫ ޟ‬X ȂԪ։࢐ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴӵձԁЄ‫఼ޟ‬൐ϛ๝ւ
ΟȄԃ‫࢐ݎ‬೻ኺȂ‫פ‬ᘈў‫ײ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ԁ݉ЄಮΙಮ֑ȊϚณտΡོо࣏ձ‫ן‬Ο
т঻Ȋ
5. Gaim џоആႆଶᒿຜๅࢥᡛձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ࢐Ϛ࢐஠ձࡌᚇȉ๋‫ޱ‬ζ࢐ӵᆩၯ
ΰ໣ഉਢࣼ‫ڗ‬ᙟМണՄี౪‫ޟ‬ȂϚႆ๋‫ؠٮޱ‬ԤၐႆȂԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џо
ၐࣼࣼ঻Ȋ
6. ϚҢ၆Ѵ௮൷џоՌ՗೩ۡձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄኹᆎȄ
7. ਐਔԁЄ‫ޑ‬ᄘȊ‫ٽ‬ԃȈԁЄ‫ิޟ‬юȃิΣȃᚔ໠ȃ໣ညȂζџо೩࢚ۡএ
ԁЄ‫࢐ܖ‬ӻএԁЄΰጣਢȂՌଢ଼༈ଉ๝ԂȄ
8. ‫ڥ‬ுձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄၥଉȊӵԁЄ఼൐ΰࡸѡᗤџَȄᘈᒵࡣџоี౪ձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄ
ෆӵ MSN ۢПᆩમΰෆင҈ႆ‫ޟ‬Ռ‫ר‬ϭಝȄ
ϚႆӔ‫ׇ‬छ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝᗙ࢐ԤΙ‫ٲ‬ીഞȈ
1. Ϛ૖ࣼ‫ڗ‬ԁЄ MSN ‫ޟ‬಑Πএ‫ޑ‬ᄘȄ
2. ԁЄ‫ ޟ‬MSN Space Ϛ૖ӵ఼൐ϛᘈᒵȄ
8-28 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

3. yahoo‫ޟ‬ԁЄ‫ޑ‬ᄘӰ࣏ጡဴ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ᡗҰю‫࢐پ‬༄ጆȄ
4. Ϛ૖‫ٺ‬Ңຜଉ‫ڷ‬ᇭॱಮЈȄ

8.3.2 skype ҬࠉᆩၯႫၗ‫ޟ‬ሴӑ‫ޱ‬

ӵ೻ᆩၯၥଉีႀ‫ޟ‬ਢфȂՌณԤӵᆩၯΰ෇фΙૡႫၗ‫ޟ‬೽ଉПԒȂ൷࢐ᆩ
ၯႫၗȄՄ skype ࢐ҬࠉӒжࣨശӻΡҢ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯႫၗȂณՄོഅԙ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ζ
࢐Ӱ࣏Ѻᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϭ७ȂଶΟџоҢᇭॱಮЈϞѴȂᗙџоҢኇ჋೽ၗȊ‫ٮ‬иӵӨ
এலَ‫ ޟ‬OSȞհཾ‫ف‬ಛȟΰ഍џоࣼு‫ ڗ‬skype ‫ᙹޟ‬ኇȂӵ LinuxȃWindows
оЅគ‫ݎ‬Ⴋသ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛΰ഍ࣼு‫ڗ‬Ȅskype ᔖ၎࢐ོΰᆩ‫ޟ‬Ρσ྅഍ོҢΟȂ
‫ܚ‬оӵ೻၇൷ᙏ൐ϭಝΙήђ૖൷ԁȂ१ᘈܹӵࡩቄӵ Linux ΰ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
Ԋ၆ skype
ҥܻ Skype ӵ Ubuntu ၇७ᗙ‫ؠ‬ԤȂ‫ܚ‬оौՌϏӵ sources.list ၇ёΰ‫ۻ‬ή೻
՗ৈӇྛȂณࡣӔ apt-get update ֑Ȋ
deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free

໠ۖԊ၆୨Ȋ
$ sudo apt-get install skype

ϚႆȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձौӵ Skype ၇ᒯΣϛМȂ҆ሯौӔ၆ΰ qt-immoduleȂՄи೻၇

ሯ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫࢐ޟ‬ձ၆‫ޟ‬ᒯΣ‫ݲ‬Еᔝ qt-immodule ζϚΙኺȂscim ‫ ࢐ޟ‬scim-qtimm џ
оҢ apt-cache search ΙήȄ
ducati@X20:~\$ sudo apt-cache search qt-immodule
scim-qtimm - SCIM context plugin for qt-immodule

Ԋ၆ scim ‫ ޟ‬qt-immodules
$ sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm

search gcin ‫ ޟ‬qt-immodules ӑ search ΙήȂၭতϗ‫ ޟ‬search scim ‫ޟ‬৯

ϚӻȄ
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-29

search ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬Ȉ
gcin-qt3-immodule - QT input method module with gcin as backend
gcin - a input method platform, supports GTK/QT immodule and XIM
gcin-table-sakura - Big-5 Nippon Kana IM table for gcin
gcin-tables-cn - Simplified Chinese IM tables for gcin
gcin-tables-kr - Korean IM tables for gcin
gcin-table-boshiamy - a installer for Boshiamy input method of gcin

џоี౪ӪᆎϚΙኺȄ
Ԋ၆ gcin-qt3-immodule
$ sudo apt-get install gcin-qt3-immodule

௥ή‫پ‬໠ం Skype ‫پ‬ၐၐȂᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> SkypeȄ

ყ 8.64 Skype

ҢনҏϐԤ‫ޟཱི࢐ܖ‬ழဴิΣȂᔬਰ--> ཱི٘ӋิΣ
8-30 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.65 ϐԤழဴิΣ

ყ 8.66 ҧ፜ཱི‫ޟ‬ழဴ
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-31

ҧ፜ཱི‫ޟ‬ழဴӵ೻ᒯΣ

ყ 8.67 new account

Ӕ‫پ‬൷࢐ิΣࡣ‫ޟ‬ห७

ყ 8.68 ิΣࡣห७
8-32 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.69 ᄇၗ਱

ყ 8.70 ኬю
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-33

ყ 8.71 ೽ၗ଄ᓃ

8.3.3 Ekiga Лධ ‫ޟۡڞ‬ᆩၯຜଉႫၗ

SID

Ekiga ࢐ ubuntu ϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ᆩၯຜଉႫၗȂջາϚҢᓀՄиԊ၆ᙏ൐Ȃຝыਢζ

ϚҢᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬၏ಠၥਟȂѫौ email ‫ڷ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬ID ൷џоΟȄᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ
--> EkigaȂ಑Ιԩంଢ଼ࡣོΙ؏Ι؏‫ޟ‬ЕᏲԊ၆ຝыȄ

Ԋ၆ Ekiga
$ sudo apt-get install ekiga
8-34 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

໠ۖ಑Ιԩ೩ۡ

ყ 8.72 ॶԩ೩ۡօ౩

ᒯΣձौᡗҰ๝տΡࣼ‫ޟ‬Ӫԅ

ყ 8.73 ᒯΣۗӪ
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-35

ຝы‫ڥٮ‬ுձ‫ ޟ‬ekiga.net SIP ջາழဴ

ყ 8.74 ໠ۖຝы

ᘈᒵ subscribe ຝы

ყ 8.75 ຝыழဴ
8-36 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ᒯΣձ‫ۗޟ‬ӪȃemailȃਢୢᗙԤழဴӪᆎоЅ஝ጆ

ყ 8.76 ᒯΣຝыၥଉ

ӣཎన෡‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ஠ I Accept ҈ϻȂณࡣᘈᒵ Register

ყ 8.77 ࢐֏ӣཎన෡
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-37

௥๿ོю౪ΙএᗂᗂձԊ၆‫ޟ‬ᆩॲ

ყ 8.78 ຝы‫ׇ‬ԙ

ณࡣ‫ڗ‬ձততຝыਢᒯΣ‫ ޟ‬email ‫ޟ‬ӴПంଢ଼ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴȂџоӵ 24 ωਢϱం

ଢ଼ழဴȂᘈശή७ശߝ‫ޟ‬٥এᆩ֭Ȅ

ყ 8.79 ంଢ଼ழဴ
8-38 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ంଢ଼‫ׇ‬ԙࡣོю౪Ιএ৾൉ձ‫ׇ‬ԙంଢ଼‫ޟ‬ᆩॲ

ყ 8.80 ‫ׇ‬ԙంଢ଼ழဴ

௥๿‫ר‬ঈӔӱ‫ڗ‬೩ۡօ౩ȂᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆȂࡸήΙॲ

ყ 8.81 ᒯΣழဴ஝ጆ
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-39

ᒵᐅᆩၯ೿ጣ‫ޟ‬᜸࠮

ყ 8.82 ೿ጣ᜸࠮

ณࡣ Ekiga ོՌଢ଼ᔓձ୎ก NAT

ყ 8.83 NAT ᜸࠮
8-40 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ᒵᐅॱਝᆓ౩แԒȂubuntu Ⴑ೩࢐ ALSAȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈҢ ALSA ൷џоΟ

ყ 8.84 ॱଉᆓ౩ষ

ᒵᐅॱଉ၆ညȂкौ࢐ॱଉᒯю೩ԙ Default ൷џоΟ

ყ 8.85 ॱଉ၆ည
 8.3 ։ਢ೽ଉ೺ᡝ 8-41

೩ԙђࡣࡸกၐȂ‫ؠ‬୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ၗџо᠙‫ڗ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ᖐॱȂϚႆഫպॳᖐॱौӑ፡
σȂ֏ࠌᖐॱܹю‫࡞ོپ‬ωȄ

ყ 8.86 ᓃܹॱกၐ

ζџоҢኇ჋ᄇၗȂ‫ܚ‬оᒵᐅ࢐ձ‫ޟ‬ຜଉᆓ౩แԒȂΙૡ‫ݷޑ‬Ң V4L ൷
Ekiga
џоΟȄ

ყ 8.87 ຜଉᆓ౩ষ
8-42 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ؠ‬၆ຜଉȂEkiga ஠‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬၆ည

ყ 8.88 ຜଉᆓ၆ည

ತܻ೩ۡ‫ׇ‬ԙ୨ȊࡸৈҢ൷џо໠ۖಮЈΟȄ

ყ 8.89 ೩ۡ‫ׇ‬ԙ
 8.4 ᆩၯಮЈแԒ 8-43

‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϭ७ȂѫौӵߝП‫ޟל‬਱਱ᒯΣձԁЄ‫ޟ‬ழဴȂࡸήѡ᜞ωඨ
Ekiga
ᓞ‫ޟ‬ყҰ։џኦဴ๝ձ‫ޟ‬ԁЄȄ

ყ 8.90 Ekiga

8.4 Ⴉ཯ம̈ുВ
౪ӵᆩၯ೿ጣ‫ޟ‬ලЅࣥՍ࢐ШႫၗາᗙۣ߯ΟȂӰ࣏ᆩၯາσӻ഍࢐Т‫ۡھ‬
‫ڙ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оԤ࡞ӻᆩၯ೽ଉ೺ᡝζ࡞ලЅΟȄӵ Linux ‫ޟ‬жࣨϛ IRC ࢐Ϛџ‫ܖ‬ી‫ޟ‬Ȃ
‫ٱ‬ᄂΰ࡞ӻ Linux ‫ޥ‬တȃቸแԒ‫ޥޟ‬တȃՌҥ೺ᡝ‫ޥ‬တȃࣥՍ࢐࡞ӻӣԁོȂζ
഍ོӵ IRC channel ໣ಮ҈‫࢐ܖ׌‬ಮғ‫ٱ‬ȃ፜ఀ୰ᚠ഍ོҢ IRC ‫پ‬ୈྜ೽‫ޟ‬ᆓ
ၾȂѪѴ࿋ณᗙԤ BBS ୨Ȋᗶณ๋‫ٮޱ‬Ϛ࢐࡞லΰ BBSȂծ࢐ϬЈΙۡौϭಝ
Ιή PCMan ӑҡቸ‫ ޟ‬PCManX Ȃ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ൷‫ࡩࣼࣼپ‬ቄҢ Xchat ‫پ‬೿ΰ
ubuntu-twȂᗙԤҢ PCManX ΰ BBSȄ

8.4.1 PCManX ɯՌҥ‫ޟ‬ BBS ೿ጣ೺ᡝ

PCManX ࢐এ࡞ԤӪ‫ ޟ‬BBS ೿ጣ೺ᡝȂӵ Windows ΰζࢺ༈೨δȂ೿๋‫ޱ‬Ϛ
࢐Ң Linux ‫ޟ‬ԁЄζӵҢȄП߯‫ޟ‬ϭ७оЅџоՌଢ଼ᔓձᙽ big5 ጡጆȂӵ Linux
ΰҢ PCManX ‫پ‬೿ BBS ࢐ӔԁϚႆ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȄ
8-44 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

Ԋ၆ PCManX
$ sudo apt-get install pcmanx-gtk2

ஈ՗ PCManXȂᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> PCManX

ყ 8.91 PCManX

ᗙԤ࡞ӻђ૖঻Ȋ‫ڕ‬ΔՌଢ଼ӱ᙭ᐠᏢΡȃ‫ޟר‬ശདྷȃԅ࠮೩้้ۡȄՄиᗙԤ
٩໣ညђ૖ᡱձϚོೝթ݈ᏢᘞጣȄ

ყ 8.92 મѮ೩ۡ
 8.4 ᆩၯಮЈแԒ 8-45

ყ 8.x Ι೩ۡ

ζԤ࡞П߯‫ޟ‬મѮӖߒ‫ټ‬ձ൶‫ٺײ‬Ң

ყ 8.93 મѮӖߒ

8.4.2 Xchat ɯџ೿ΰଽЙಀӻ‫ޟ‬ IRC ಮЈࡉ

Xchat ζΙ‫ ࢐ޢ‬Linux ΰԤӪ‫ޟ‬ಮЈ೺ᡝȂΰ७Ԥ࡞ӻ‫ ޟ‬Linux user group о
ЅՌҥ೺ᡝ‫ޥޟ‬တ‫ڷ‬แԒȂIRC Ι‫࢐ޢ‬Ԥ೨ӻଽЙᆹ໱‫ޟ‬ӴПȂϚᆓ࢐ΰў҈‫׌‬
ಮЈ‫࢐ܖ‬୰୰ᚠ഍࢐এ࡞ԁҺࢺ‫܄‬Ԫཎَ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂоήҰጒࡩቄҢ Xchat ‫پ‬೿ΰ
#ubuntu-twȄ
8-46 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

Ԋ၆ Xchat
$ sudo apt-get install xchat

ంଢ଼ Xchat
ᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> XchatȂ໠ంࡣོԤΙএӖߒ‫ڷ‬೩ۡձኹᆎ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂ
Linux ‫ޥޟ‬တσഋӋ഍࢐ӵ FreeNode ΰȂubuntu ζ࢐Ȅ

ყ 8.94 ೩ۡୡᆎ‫ڷ‬ᒵᐅ IRC server

೩ۡԁࡣȃࡸ೿௥Ȃ௥๿ོ୰ձདौёΣ঺এ channelȂ೻এਢঐ‫ר‬ঈџоᒯ
Σ #ubuntu-tw ঻Ȅ
 8.4 ᆩၯಮЈแԒ 8-47

ყ 8.95 ёΣ ubuntu-tw

௥ή‫پ‬൷џоၭಀӻଽЙಮЈ҈‫׌‬୨Ȋ

ყ 8.96 #ubuntu-tw channel

‫ר‬ঈζџо‫ ڗ‬Tossug ‫ ޟ‬channel ўഉഉȂ஠ Tab ϸ඲‫ ڗ‬FreeNode ࡣᒯΣ /j

#ubuntu-twȂ೻এࡾх‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ࢐ᇳ join ubuntu channelȄ
8-48 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.97 ёΣ tossug channel

ӵ tossug channel ၇ಮЈ

ყ 8.98 #tossug channel

 8.5 ᔬਰ༈ᒯ೺ᡝ 8-49

8.5 ᐬरจᎯ௺᝝
ᔬਰ༈ᒯ࢐Ιۡौ‫ޟ‬୨ȊϚ‫ޣ‬ၾձ࢐֏Ԥ୐୐ҢᏰਮ‫ޟ‬ᓜቶ‫پ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬င
ᡛ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫݉࢐ޱܖ‬Є࢜๝ձҢ‫ڹޟ‬ȉᜰܻ೻এȂ๋‫רޱ‬ই࢐ԤਢঐོҢ‫پ‬ήၷኇа
‫ॱ࢐ܖ‬ዅϧቄ‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ר‬ঈ‫ڍࣼࣼپ‬এ FTP clientȂΙএ࢐ gFTP Ղถ‫ ޟ‬FTP clientȂ
ད࿋ߑত‫ ޖ‬Linux ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ‫ר‬ζ഍࢐Ң೻এȂӔ‫ ࢐پ‬Filezilla ཱིΙф‫ ޟ‬FTP clientȂ
࣏Οٖө୽ሬϽȂ౪ӵσഋӋ‫ ޟ‬Linux Ⴑ೩ጡጆ഍࢐Ң UTF-8ȂϚႆौ࢐೿ΰ‫ޟ‬
FTP મѮष࢐ Big5 ‫ڹ‬ȉ٥Ң Filezilla ൷ᄇ୨ȊԁࣼԁҢάП߯Ȅ

8.5.1 Linux ΰՂถ‫ ޟ‬೺ᡝɯ FTP gFTP

Ԋ၆ gFTP
$ sudo apt-get install gftp

೻ኺ൷ԁΟȂ‫ڏ‬тԤέএࣺ‫ޟٷ‬೺ᡝོՌଢ଼Ԋ၆Ȃ‫ܚ‬оᖂӓԤѲএ೺ᡝΙଔԊ၆Ȅ
௥ή‫پ‬௃ᒵ൐ѩю‫پ‬ȂᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> gFTP

ყ 8.99 gFTP
8-50 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬Linux મѮ

ყ 8.100 ϱ࡚મѮ

Ѿ᜞࢐ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȂѡ᜞ࠌ࢐ FTP server ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȂѫौᘈᒵ‫ڍ‬এຜๅϛ໢‫ޟ‬ጐ

ᓞ൷џоΰ༈‫࢐ܖ‬ήၷᔬਰΟȄ

8.5.2 FTP ‫ޟ‬ѪѴΙএԁᒵᐅɯ Filezilla

๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏலོ‫ ڗ‬big5 ‫ޟ‬મѮўഉഉȂծ࢐Ιૡ‫ ޟ‬gFTPȂ࢐‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ݲ‬ΰ big5 ᆩ

મȞष࢐ PCMan patch ႆ‫ޟ‬൷џоȟȄᗶณҬࠉ‫ ޟ‬Filezilla 3 for Linux ᗙ࢐กၐ
‫ގ‬Ȃծ࢐၎Ԥ‫ޟ‬ђ૖഍Ԥ୨Ȋ
FileZilla 3 beta ᆩ֭
http://filezilla-project.org/nightly.php

џоҢ೻এᆩ֭ӑ஠ FileZilla3.tar.bz2 ‫׺‬ή‫پ‬Ȃ၌ᔆᕻ‫~ ڗ‬/program ή൷џ

оஈ՗ Filezilla3 ΟȄ
 8.5 ᔬਰ༈ᒯ೺ᡝ 8-51

ήၷ‫ٮ‬Ԋ၆ FileZilla 3 beta

ӑӵড়Ҭᓃ၇࡚Ιএ program ‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶȂ࣏ΟП߯ᆓ౩Ȃณࡣήၷ‫ ڗ‬program
၌໠Ȃоή࣏ತᆒᐠᐇհห७Ȉ
mkdir program
cd program/
wget -c
http://filezilla-project.org/nightlies/2006-08-06/i386-linux/FileZilla3.tar.b
z2
tar xvf FileZilla3.tar.bz2

၌໠ࡣџоࣼ‫ڗ‬ԤΙএ FileZilla3 ҬᓃȂFileZilla3 ‫ޟ‬ஈ՗ᔬ൷ܹӵ၇७‫ ޟ‬bin

ҬᓃȂ௥ή‫پ‬ӵತᆒᐠή൷џо‫ޢ‬௥ஈ՗᠅Ȋ
$ ~/program/FileZilla3/bin/filezilla &

ంଢ଼ࡣོԤএඪҰၭձᇳȂ೻࢐ beta ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ܚ‬оџ૖ོԤ bug ᇄΙ‫ॳٲ‬ᓎԆӵȂ

፜ϚौၭтঈܲࡪȂ೻၇Ϛौ౩ѺȂࡸጂۡ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 8.101 Important Information

แԒ൷ၭ๿໠ంΟȂौ࢐ձϞࠉԤ೩ۡ᠞‫ޟڥ‬ጡጆ࢐ big5Ȃ٥ቄོԤএ Error

ю౪Ϛ૖஠ᔬਰӪᆎᙽ඲ԙ UnicodeȂϚႆζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽ࡸήጂۡ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 8.102 Filezilla Error

FileZilla ൷໷ցஈ՗᠅Ȋ
8-52 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ყ 8.103 FileZilla

٥ቄ१ᘈ‫پ‬ΟȂࡩቄཱིቨમѮ‫ٮ‬ᡱ FileZilla џоՌଢ଼ᙽጡጆԙ big5 ‫ڹ‬ȉ໠ం

મѮᆓ౩ষȂᔬਰ--> મѮᆓ౩ষȂณࡣӔ೻၇ᘈཱིቨમѮȂ௥ή‫پ‬ᒯΣ server
‫ ޟ‬IP ՝֭Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ሯौழဴ஝ጆ‫ޟ‬ၗȂิΣ࠮Ԓ፜ᒵΙૡȄ

ყ 8.104 મѮᆓ౩ষ
 8.5 ᔬਰ༈ᒯ೺ᡝ 8-53

ณࡣӔϸ඲‫ڗ‬ԅጆ໱Ȃ‫ٺ‬ҢՌۡԅጆ໱Ȃ௥๿ᒯΣ Big5 ൷σђ֙ԙΟȄ

ყ 8.105 ೩ۡ᠞‫ ڥ‬big5

ณࡣࡸ೿ጣ൷џоήၷ‫ݍ‬ՙ୨Ȋ

ყ 8.106 ήၷ
8-54 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

8.5.3 Linux ΰ‫ޟ‬ FlashGet ɯ Downloader for X

‫ޟ‬ϭ७࡞჋ Windows ΰ‫ ޟ‬FlashGetȂ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒζ৯ϚӻȂ

Downloader for X
Մӵ ubuntu ΰԊ၆ζ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃζ࢐Ң apt-get ൷џоΟȄ
$ sudo apt-get install d4x

၆ԁࡣӵᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> Downloader for X ంଢ଼‫࢐ޱܖ‬ӵ console

ήᒯΣ d4x & ζџоஈ՗Ȅ
$ d4x

ყ 8.107 Downloader for X

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈџо‫ײ‬Ιএ഍࢐ყ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲ‫پ‬ၐၐȂ‫ר‬ঈѫौ஠དौήၷ‫ݍޟ‬ՙ‫ܖ‬ყ
ܴԣ‫ڗ‬Ѿΰُ‫ ޟ‬d4x ࢑࢑Ρωყ։џ
 8.5 ᔬਰ༈ᒯ೺ᡝ 8-55

ყ 8.108 ܴԣ‫ڗ‬ήၷୢ

௥๿ོю౪ήၷᄇၗ਱ȂϚႆ d4x ོՌଢ଼ᔓձήၷ‫ڗ‬ড়Ҭᓃή‫ ޟ‬MyDownloads

ყ 8.109 ήၷᄇၗ਱
8-56 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ও‫׽‬ήၷҬӴҬᓃȂ໠ం Queue--> PropertiesȂ௥๿ю౪ Options ᄇၗ਱Ȃ

‫ר‬ঈᒵᐅ Download ȂณࡣᒯΣձདौήၷᔬਰӱ‫ޟپ‬Ҭ‫ޟ‬ӴȄ

ყ 8.110 ও‫׽‬ήၷҬᓃ

Ϛႆ‫ڏ‬тᗙԤΙ‫ٲ‬ႆᘮђ૖้้ȂζџоՌϏၐၐࣼȄ

8.6 P2P ᐬर˷մ

‫ޟ‬ᔬਰϷ‫ٴ‬ПԒ࢐Ҭࠉᆩၯΰശலَ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೨ӻԃΙ‫ ٲ‬Bt ήၷ‫ޟ‬แԒȂ‫ܖ‬
P2P
࢐࡞ӻौпາ‫ॱޟ‬ዅήၷ೺ᡝζ࢐Ң P2P ‫ޟ‬ПԒ༈ᔬȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ Linux ΰջϚΟΙ
ۡζོԤ P2P ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ᠅Ȋ٥ቄ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈϭಝ‫ڍ‬এ Linux ΰ‫ ޟ‬P2P ೺ᡝȂࡩቄ
Ԋ၆೩ۡᇄ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

8.6.1 ԁҢ‫ ޟ‬ήၷแԒɯ BT Azureus

Ԋ၆ Azureus
$ sudo apt-get install azureus
 8.6 P2P ᔬਰϷ‫ٴ‬ 8-57

ณࡣӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ--> AzureusȂ൷џо໠ం᠅Ȋ௥ή‫ོپ‬ԤΙ೿

՛‫ޟ‬ඪҰȈ
ӑᒵᐅᇭِ‫ר‬ঈᒵ zh(tw) Ȃཎࡦ࢐ᖅᡝϛМȄ

ყ 8.111 ᒵᐅᇭِ

௥ή‫ޟپ‬଩ညᒵ໶ӑҢ Beginner

ყ 8.112 ଩ညᒵ໶
8-58 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ᒵᐅ೿ጣഀ౥‫ޟ‬ӴПȂҢ adsl/cable xxx/256 kbps ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 8.113 ᒵᐅ೿ጣഀ౥

ณࡣོඪҰձདҢ঺Ιএ port ‫پ‬೿ጣȂҢႱ೩‫ޟ‬൷џоȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ձौ‫׽‬ԙտ‫ޟ‬

ζџоȂᗙԤΙএกၐࡸ໖Ȃџоกၐࣼࣼձ‫ ޟ‬NAT port Ԥ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೽Ȅ

ყ 8.114 กၐ NAT port

 8.6 P2P ᔬਰϷ‫ٴ‬ 8-59

ശࡣ࢐ᒵᐅ .torrents ᔬਰौԆܹӵ٥၇Ȃ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដҢႱ೩঄։џȂП߯Рࡣ

‫ײ‬ᔬȄ

ყ 8.115 .torrents ᔬਰၯ৷

௥ή‫پ‬Ԥএ᠍ߔඪҰȂ‫ޢ‬௥ close ௬Ȅ

ყ 8.116 ᠍ߔඪҰ
8-60 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ณࡣ‫ר‬ঈџоҢ ubuntu ۢПඪ‫ ޟټ‬ubuntu bt ᆍυ‫پ‬ၐၐȄ

ᆩ ֭ http://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/6.06/ubuntu-6.06-
alternate-i386.iso.torrent

ήၷ‫ࡣׇ‬ȂӵкแԒМӇᒵ໶‫ޟ‬ήПȂԤΙএၥਟֶ஠Ѻ໠ంȂᒵᐅততήၷ
‫ ޟ‬.torrent ᔬਰȂ‫ٮ‬ᒵᐅԆܹӵ঺၇൷џоήၷΟȄ

ყ 8.117 ໠ం .torrent ‫ٮ‬ήၷ

BT ᔬਰήၷϛ᠅Ȋ
 8.6 P2P ᔬਰϷ‫ٴ‬ 8-61

ყ 8.118 ᔬਰήၷϛ

8.6.2 Linux ή‫ޟ‬ᚩᢝȞ eMule ȟแԒɯ aMule

aMule џоᇳ࢐ઍ‫ޟ‬ Ȃѫ࢐ Linux ‫ޟގ‬ӪԅϚΙኺՄϐȂ൷ԃӣ

eMule
apt-cache search amule ‫ޟ‬၌ភΙኺȂamule - aNOTHER eMule P2P Client Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get install amule

௥ή‫پ‬Ιኺ࢐ӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ᆩሬᆩၯ ၇‫ ڗײ‬aMuleȂ໠ంѺȄ௥๿ོࣼ‫ڗ‬

Ιএଉ਀ၭձᇳȂ೻࢐ձ಑Ιԩ‫ٺ‬Ң aMuleȂձџоആႆ঺এ irc channelȃоЅ
ᆩ֭ᇄंีღ໥ᖒᛮȂоЅӵ঺এ፣Ꮻӱൢ bug ้้Ȃࡸጂۡ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 8.119 aMule ଉ਀
8-62 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

໠ంࡣแԒ‫ޟ‬ѾΰُԤΙএթ݈ᏢȂਠ᜞ԤএᙢՓ‫ޟ‬ጐᓞࡸήўȂaMule ൷ོ
Ռଢ଼ᔓձ‫ཱི؁‬թ݈ᏢӖߒȄ

ყ 8.120 ‫ཱི؁‬թ݈ᏢӖߒ

௥๿‫ר‬ঈӵᔬਰኵശӻ‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲΰᘈ‫ڍ‬ή൷џо೿ጣȂณࡣӵή७‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲଉ
਀џоࣼ‫ߔ᠍ڗ‬ଉ਀ോȊ

ყ 8.121 ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ
 8.6 P2P ᔬਰϷ‫ٴ‬ 8-63

ณࡣกၐཪ൶ΙήȂࣼ࢐Ϛ࢐Ԥ‫ݍ‬ՙȂᜰᗤԅ ubuntu

ყ 8.122 ᜰᗤԅཪ൶

ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ισஂၭ ubuntu Ԥᜰ‫ޟ‬Ȃήၷ ubuntu 6.06 i386 ‫ ޟ‬DVD iso ᔬၐၐȂࡸ

ѡᗤ൷џоήၷΟȄ

ყ 8.123 ᔬਰ༈ᒯ
8-64 ಑ 8 ണ ᆩၯᔖҢแԒ

ζџо‫׽؁‬ήၷҬᓃോȊѫौӵแԒ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᘈ໠ຜๅ൷џо‫׽‬ΟȂ଄ுौӵᒵ
ᐅҬᓃ‫ޟ‬ӴП‫׽؁‬Ȅ

ყ 8.124 ‫׽؁‬ήၷҬᓃ
 ϻ౬᝝ᆇࡱ٠ቬ

ᇳᄂӵӴȂ๋‫ޱ‬ত໠ۖ‫ٺ‬Ң ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝᅖϚಬᄛ‫ޟ‬ȂԤ‫ݍٲ‬ՙौ೩ۡ
linux

Ԥ‫ࠌٲ‬ϚҢȄ࣏ϧቄ‫ ڹ‬Ӱ࣏ ‫ݍޟ‬ՙ൷࢐ᡱձᄥષ‫ײ‬юശᎌӫՌϏȃശԁҢ

? free

‫ޟ‬Ȃ೽லҢΰЙࡣϚོདӔўҢ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂӰ࣏ઍ‫࡞ޟ‬П߯ȂࣥՍџо‫ٺ‬ҢΙ
ᆍӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢࣼ‫ܚ‬ԤᔬਰਿԒ‫ޟ‬ኇॱΟȂоή൷ᡱ๋‫࣏پޱ‬σড়ϭಝԁҢ‫ޟ‬ӻ
൬ᡝኬܹᏢȂஅҏΰϷԙ᠙ॱዅ‫ޟ‬ȃኬܹኇа೻‫ڍ‬᜸‫پ‬ၭձϭಝȄ

9.1 ʙղᖞʹ‫ڟ‬ϻ౬᝝̛ರЊཆ
ቜቜȊԤΟ೻‫ܣٲ‬೚དࣼϧቄኇа‫࢐ܖ‬൬ᡝ഍Ϛ࢐ϧቄ୰ᚠ᠅ȊՄиџоΙ
ԩ၌‫ؚ‬Ϛ૖ࣼ ‫ ڷ‬ȃ ้้‫֨ޟ‬ᘙȄ
DVD wmv rmvb

9.1.1 ક၌࿲ඌ‫ ޟ‬DVD ኇаୢጆ

ࣺ߬σড়഍ԤႆΙᆍငᡛȂؐؐ࿋ձ໠໠ЖЖӴўનΟኇаӱ‫پ‬ғྥരᢎ፬
ਢȂࠓौձᒵᐅ ‫ޟ‬ኇаୢጆȊ‫ٮ‬иོඪҰձȶ፜ᒵᐅୢ୿ጆ ഻Ꮇᒵᐅԩ
DVD

ኵȅȅȅȷȄЈ୭Ȋ೻Ϛ࢐࡞ྮ༝ȉҥܻ࿲ඌ‫ޟ‬ΤσኇཾȂ࣏Ο٩Хู‫ގ‬ኇа‫ޟ‬
ࢺ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ װ‬ୢጆϷԙ ‫ ڗ‬Ȃ ՄѮᢊ឴ܻୢጆ ‫ޟ‬ӴПȄณՄӵ
DVD 1 6 3 Linux
9-2 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ኬܹ೺ᡝϚ૖၌ Ȟ‫᠌ގ‬ӰશȟȂ‫ܚ‬оᏲमѿ७ΰন‫ ޟގ‬ኇ

DVD CSS DVD

аІՄӵ ΰϚ૖ኬܹȂ࿋ณ೻Ӈ‫ٱ‬Ԟ൷ೝഅᆋΡတ‫ޟ‬ᓧࡊક၌ΟȄ
Linux

ҬࠉԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍП‫ݲ‬ȂП‫ݲ‬ΙၶϚՌଢ଼Ȃծ࢐ᓍ๿ ‫ގ׽‬ᔖ၎ࣱ૖‫ٺ‬ҢȂՄ ubuntu

П‫ݲ‬Ι࢐Ң ή‫ޟ‬ΙএՌଢ଼Ԋ၆
ubuntu ୈ‫ٱޟ‬௑‫ڷ‬П‫ݲ‬ΠࣺӣȄ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ script

ӑၐၐࣼП‫ݲ‬Ι֑ȊषѶఁΟӵၐၐࣼП‫ݲ‬ΠȄ
П‫ݲ‬ΙȈ
$ sudo sh /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh

П‫ݲ‬ΠȈ
$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/source.list

ёΣ
deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sarge main

೻࢐অҢ debian ‫ޟ‬ ȂՄ࣏ϧቄϚौҢΰ७ඪ‫ޟټ‬

source code binary ‫ڹ‬ȉ Ӱ
࣏‫࢐ר‬ӵ ubuntu ΰȂ‫ོܐ‬Ԥ ю୰ᚠȂи‫ר‬ lib࢐Ң notebook ibook g4 Ȃਲ਼ҏ‫ؠ‬
Ԥ binary package Ȅ
ณࡣ
$ sudo apt-get build-dep libdvdcss2

‫پ‬Ԋ၆ࣺᜰጡឍ‫ܚ‬ሯแԒȄ
౪ӵौ‫ڥ‬ு ΟȂ ‫ٮ‬иጡឍ
source code

$ sudo apt-get source libdvdcss2

‫ׇ׺‬ source code ࡣȂѺོՌଢ଼၌ᔆᕻȂӵ‫ޟר‬ᐠᏢΰӻΟΙএҬᓃ

libdvdcss-1.2.8

$ cd libdvdcss-1.2.8; dpkg-buildpackage

Ѻ൷ོ໠ۖጡឍ୨ȊȞҬᓃӪᆎџ૖ོϚΙኺോȂӰ࣏‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬ϚӣȟȄ
 9.1 Ι‫ٲ‬᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝЛධԊ၆ 9-3

ณࡣӔӱ‫ڗ‬ΰΙቹҬᓃȂᔖ၎Ԥඁএጡԁ‫ޟ‬ package ֑ȉ ൷၆ΰ֑Ȋ

$ sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss*.deb

ณࡣձ൷џоࣼғ‫ގ‬а୨Ȋ࡞ᒞ‫֑ږ‬ȂІՄู‫ޟގ‬ϚҢ٥ቄബྮ ...XD

9.1.2 Ԋ၆ Win32 Codecs ኇа၌ጆᏢ

ࣺ߬σড়ӵ ΰ഍ԤϚ૖ࣼ ኇаᔬ‫ޟ‬ငᡛȂή७‫ר‬ঈ஠ϭಝࡩቄԊ
Linux wmv

၆ Win32 ኇа၌ጆᏢȄԊ၆೻এኇа၌ጆᏢζџоᡱ‫ר‬ঈӵࣼ ‫࢐ܖ‬

Codecs rm

rmvbᔬ‫ޟ‬ਢঐၶ໷Ȟ‫ڏ‬ᄂҏ‫ׇ࢐پ‬ӒϚ૖ࣼ‫ޟ‬ȟȊՄи၆ΟϞࡣඁнӈդᔬਰ
ਿԒ‫ޟ‬ኇа഍џоࣼ঻Ȋ᠙ଔ‫࢐پ‬Ϛ࢐࡞ଜΡ‫ڹ‬ȉ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ൷ϭಝΙήࡩቄ
Ԋ၆ȄϚႆӵ೻၇ौ‫ݧ‬ཎΙήȂ೻এ ӵ࢚‫୽ٲ‬ড়࢐Ϛӫ‫ޟݲ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ңࠉ፜
Codecs

᠞‫ޱ‬ӑ‫ݧ‬ཎ࢐֏ӫ‫ݲ‬Ȃџ૖ོԤ௲᠌‫ތޟ‬ដоЅ߭᠌ᅸኌȄ
ӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ൷‫ޢ‬௥Ң ‫׺‬ Ѯᢊમ‫ ޟ‬ᔬή‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȅ
wget ubuntu .deb

$ wget -c http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubtw-testing/w32codecs/w32codecs_20050412-
0.4_i386.deb

࿋ձ‫׺‬ή‫ࡣپ‬൷џоӵҬࠉ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȃ୅ԃᇳձ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫׺‬Ϛή‫پ‬ȂԤџ૖࢐
ཱི‫ޟ‬ ᔬю‫پ‬Ο‫ܚ‬о‫׺‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ȂϚႆ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоӑΰ
codecs .deb ubuntu apt mirror

મࣼࣼԤ‫ؠ‬ԤюཱིᔬӔ‫׺‬Ȅᆩ֭ http://apt.ubuntu.org.tw/ubtw-testing/

၇७Ԥএσघ
w32codecs/ ‫ ޟ‬ᔬ൷࢐᠅Ȋ 13MB .deb

௥ή‫پ‬஠ ‫ ޟ‬ᔬ၆ଔ‫پ‬Ȃҥܻ‫ר‬ঈ‫׺‬ή‫ޟپ‬ᔬਰ࢐ ᔬ
win32codecs .deb .deb

‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈҢ ‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȋ dpkg

$ sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_20050412-0.4_i386.deb

௥ή‫پ‬։џၐၐ࢐֏૖ࣼ ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ։‫࢐ٺ‬নӑ‫ׇ‬ӒϚ૖ࣼ‫ޟ‬wmv .rm ‫࢐ܖ‬

ኇаᔬȂҢ๋‫ ޟޱ‬Ң‫ࣼپ‬ζ໷ӻΟȄ
rmvb x20
9-4 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

9.2 Mplayer ů Linux ˛̛ರశϻिВ‫௺ڟ‬᝝

ᆬ‫ع‬ዢ
ӵ
Mplayerΰ࢐࡞ԤӪ‫ޟ‬ኇаኬܹ೺ᡝȂϚծሆѽԁҢȂՄи‫ڎ‬Ԥᙏ൐
Linux

‫ޢ‬ឈϽ‫פޟ‬ഀᗤȂѫौሆࡸΙএࡸᗤ൷џоӈཎ௡‫ڙ‬ ‫ޟ‬ኬܹ՗࣏Ȃ‫ٽ‬ Mplayer

ԃȈ ࡸΙή൷џоᒵᐅΰΙএࢲဣ ȃ
PageUp ࠌ࢐‫ࡣ܁‬ΙএࢲဣȂΰ PageDown

࢐Ѳॻ‫ᙽפ‬ȃѡ࢐‫ᙽפॻڍ‬Ȃή‫ڷ‬ѾࠌІϞȂ ࠌ࢐ Ӓᒉᄍ้้Ȃࢋ f fullscreen

П߯άԁҢȊ

9.2.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң Mplayer ኬܹԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬avi ኇа

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձෆདӵ ΰኬܹኇаՄў‫ײ‬ႆၥਟ‫ޟ‬ငᡛ൷‫ޣ‬ၾѺӻԤӪ᠅Ȋђ૖
Linux

࡞஼σȂџоኬܹ‫ޟ‬ኇॱਿԒ຺ӻȂѓࢂ ้้Ȅኬܹ‫ޟ‬П
VCD DVD MPG RMVB

ԒџоҢყ࠮ Ȃζџоӵ UI ήኬܹ঻ȊϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬഍࢐ӵ

terminal ኬܹ terminal

࣏ӻȂ೻࢐ಬᄛ୰ᚠ୨Ȋӵ ήԊ၆‫ׇ‬џо‫ޢ‬௥ӵ ᔖҢแԒ ኇॱ

ubuntu --> -->

Mplayer Movie Player џо‫ޢ‬௥ஈ՗Ȅ

Ԋ၆кแԒ
$ sudo apt-get install mplayer-386

নࠌΰ࢐೻ኺԊ၆൷џоԤкแԒΟȂϚႆ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоҢ apt-cache search

ཪ൶ΙήѪѴ‫ޟ‬ৈӇԊ၆
$ sudo apt-cache search mplayer

mplayer - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux

mplayer-386 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-586 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-686 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-amd64 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-custom - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-doc - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (Documentation)
mplayer-fonts - Fonts for mplayer
mplayer-g4 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
 9.2 MplayerɯLinux ϛЛධശӻਿԒ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-5

mplayer-k6 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)

mplayer-k7 - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-nogui - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux
mplayer-powerpc - The Ultimate Movie Player For Linux (dummy package)
mplayer-skins - Skins for the Ubuntu mplayer Package
mozilla-mplayer - MPlayer-Plugin for Mozilla

‫ڏ‬ᄂᗙԤ࡞ӻ‫ގ‬ҏȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоᒵᐅᎌӫՌϏᐠᏢ‫ގޟ‬ҏ‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȅ
௥ή‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ιή ‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮оЅ ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௮֑Ȋ
mplayer mozilla

$ sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts ‫ڗ‬ী

$ sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer mozilla ऱ mplayer plugin
௥ή‫׽؁پ‬೩ۡᔬȂӑരӋΙήȄ
$ sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/bak.mplayer.conf

‫׽؁‬೩ۡᔬ
$ sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf

‫ײ‬Ιή೻Ι՗
vo=x11, # To specify default video driver

ณࡣ‫׽‬ԙ
vo=xv, # To specify default video driver

೻ኺஅҏԊ၆൷ ᠅ȊՄиџоӵ ok ᢎࣼᆩॲȂԤ൸Σኇаਢζџоኬ

mozilla

ܹ Лධ‫ޟ‬ኇаਿԒȄ
mplayer

௥ή‫໌پ‬ΣғᚠȂ‫ٺ‬Ң ኬܹԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬ኇаȄԅᄍᔬਿԒலَ‫ޟ‬

Mplayer avi

Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ಑Ιᆍ࢐ ȃ಑Πᆍ࢐ Ȃ‫ר‬ঈӑ‫پ‬ϭಝΙήԃդ௮ΰ ‫ޟ‬ԅᄍȂ

.srt .sub srt

୅ԃϬЈ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ႫኇᔬӪᆎ࢐ ȃԅᄍᔬ࣏ Ȃ໠ం

kill-b.avi ᔖҢ kill-b.srt mplayer

แԒ ኇॱ Mplayer Movie PlayerȄ

--> -->
9-6 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

ყ 9.1 Mplayer GUI MODE

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈӵ mplayer ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ൐ࡸྤჃѡᗤᒵ preferences Ȃࡸྱоή೩ۡ

஠ ೩ۡ᠞‫ڥ‬
Mplayer big5 ጡጆ‫ޟ‬ԅᄍᔬȃЅ ԅ࠮Ȃ൷џо஠ ጡጆ
truetype big5

‫ ޟ‬ԅᄍ௮ΰўȄ
.srt

ყ 9.2 ೩ۡ Mplayer ᠞‫ ڥ‬big5 ጡጆ‫ޟ‬ԅᄍᔬ

 9.2 MplayerɯLinux ϛЛධശӻਿԒ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-7

೩ۡԁࡣȂѫौ࢐ԅᄍᔬ‫ޟ‬ᔬӪ‫ڷ‬ኇаᔬ‫ޟ‬ᔬӪ࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃ։џоኬܹԤԅᄍ
ᔬ‫ ޟ‬ኇа᠅Ȋ
avi

ყ 9.3 ೩ۡ Mplayer ԅ࠮ᔬ

ԅ࠮ᔬζ೩ۡΙήȂᡱ Mplayer ᒵᐅձདौҢ‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮‫پ‬ኬܹᔬਰȄ

9.2.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң Mplayer ኬܹ DVD VCD

໠ం ᔖҢแԒ ኇ
Mplayer GUI Mode -->

ॱ Mplayer Movie PlayerȂณࡣӵ

-->

‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ൐ࡸྤჃѡᗤᒵȂ൷
mplayer

џоᒵᐅኬܹ ‫঻ ࢐ܖ‬ȂՄи
DVD VCD

ζџоᒵᐅኬܹ‫ޟ‬ᇭِȃԅᄍᇭِȃࢲ
ဣоЅӒᒉᄍ้้ȂᔖԤᅾԤȄ

ყ 9.4 mplayer ಠഋђ૖ᒵᐅ

9-8 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

षौҢ ࣼ ‫ޟ ࢐ܖ‬ၗȂӵђ૖ຜๅΰࡸѡᗤ։џᒵᐅȂଶΟ
Mplayer DVD VCD

Ԥ ȃ ้џоᒵᐅѴȂձᗙџо೩ۡኇаᔬਰ‫ྛپޟ‬ȃኬܹӖߒȃኬܹ
DVD VCD

ᆩ֭ȃϛ़Мԅᄍȃ‫֏࢐࢐ܖ‬Ӓᒉᄍ้഍џо೩ۡȄ࿋ณ᠅Ȃђ૖ϚѫԤ೻ኺȊ

ყ 9.5 DVD ԅᄍȃᇭِȃࢲဣᒵᐅ

ζџоᒵᐅԅᄍȃᇭِȃࢲဣ้้Ȃᔖ၎Ԥ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ιኺ഍ϚོЍȄ
᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоӵ conlose ήኬܹኇа
$ mplayer ᐙׂ‫ټ‬ጠ

ყ 9.6 ӵ conlose ήኬܹኇа

ყ 9.7 ࣼа‫ޟ‬ӣਢζџоӵ console ࣼ‫ڗ‬ኇа‫ޟ‬ၥଉ

ᄇΟȂ‫ר‬ඪᒺΙήȂषኬܹ ԤЫ‫ݰ‬઴‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоၐ๿֑ўҺᒿ҈໠
DVD

Ȟ ȟോȊ೻࢐Ӱ࣏Ԥ‫ ٲ‬ᓃᇧ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ࢐ҢҺᒿຜଉဴȂ‫ܚ‬оϗོ
Deinterlace DVD

ԤЫ‫ݰ‬઴‫ڹ‬Ȋ
 9.3 XINEɯϭ७᜸խ PowerDVD ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-9

9.3 XINEů˭࡭ᘸѭ PowerDVD ‫ڟ‬ϻ౬᝝ᆬ

‫ع‬ዢ
ѺԤԁҢ‫ޟ‬ᐇհϭ७ȊᗙԤ჋ ‫ޟ‬ϭ७ᡱΡឈு‫ٺ‬Ңΰζᢍҁܾߖ PowerDVD

Ρ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٺ‬Ң ኬܹ ‫ޟ‬ၗѫौ஠ӎᆅаܹΣࡣࡸΙএࡸ໖൷џоΟ঻Ȋ
XINE DVD

Ԋ၆ xine
Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ‫ר‬ঈौ೿ளԊ၆ ‫ޟ‬ xine Ȟ၌ጆᏢȟϗџоࣼ
codecs XviD codec

‫ޟ‬ኇаȂӰ࣏ ᔬོҢ‫ڗ‬Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬Ң
avi command‫پ‬஠ ‫ޟ‬
xine user interface ‫ڷ‬
၆ΰў
xine codecs

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs

Ԋ၆‫ڗ‬೻၇‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷џоࣼ ‫ ڷ‬ΟȂ࡞ᙏ൐֑Ȋ DVD VCD ubuntu ၆೺ᡝ൷࢐೻

ቄП߯ȂषौࣼԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬ኇа፜᠞‫ޱ‬௥ήўࣼȄ avi

ყ 9.8 xine user interface ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϭ७

9-10 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

xine ‫ޟ‬௡‫ࣨڙ‬७

ყ 9.9 xine controler

xine ‫ޟ‬ play list

ყ 9.10 xine playlist

9.3.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ኬܹԤԅᄍᔬ‫ ޟ‬avi ኇа

џо௮ၷ ਿԒ‫ޟ‬ԅᄍᔬȂծ࢐ӵҬࠉғல௑‫ݷ‬ήԊ၆ ࢐ϚོՌଢ଼
xine .srt xine

ᔓձ‫װ‬ԅᄍᔬ௮ၷΰў‫ޟ‬ȄӰ࣏ Ⴑ೩Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮࢐‫ؠ‬ԤϛМԅ࠮ȂϚႆ‫ר‬ xine

ঈ഍ᔓձՃኌ໌ў᠅Ȋ‫ܚ‬оџоϚ҆჋ᆩၯΰΙኺў‫׺‬ ή‫پ‬ጡឍ xine-lib

‫ᙽپ‬ԅ࠮ᔬȂѫौ‫ޱ๋װ‬ᔓձᙽԁ‫ޟ ޟ‬ϛМԅ࠮Ȃܹ‫ڗ‬
xine-fontconv xine

ȂณࡣӔ೩ۡড়Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬
/usr/share/xine/libxine1/fontsȂ൷џо .xine/config

௮ၷԅᄍࣼ ‫ޟ‬ኇа᠅Ȅ٥ቄӑ፜᠞‫ޱ‬஠๋‫ᙽޱ‬ԁ‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮ᔬӑ‫׺‬ή‫֑پ‬Ȋ
.avi

$ wget -c http://www.cqis.ncku.edu.tw/~dbtsai/xine-akai.tar.bz2
 9.3 XINEɯϭ७᜸խ PowerDVD ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-11

‫׺‬ή‫ࡣپ‬џо໠ంҬᓃຜๅ‫ޢ‬௥ӵᔬਰࡸѡᗤᘈᒵ၌ᔆᕻᔬਰȂ‫ޢ࢐ޱܖ‬௥ή
‫پ‬၌໠ᔬਰ
command

$ tar jxvf xine-akai.tar.bz2

၌໠ᔆᕻᔬࡣ஠၇७‫ޟ‬ᔬਰܹ‫ ڗ‬/usr/share/xine/libxine1/fonts
$ sudo cp akai-*.xinefont.gz /usr/share/xine/libxine1/fonts

௥ή‫پ‬ও‫׽‬ ~/.xine/concig

$ gedit ~/.xine/config

ӵ၇७ёΣ
# tiny small normal large very large huge
# ຍਢ‫ࠐش‬ኙᚨࠩଶթՀሉᇞᚘᜍ৵ऱքଡՕ՛ऱ‫ڗ‬ীΔ
subtitles.separate.subtitle_size:large
# ‫ش‬٤ᘛኟ઎ሽᐙ஁լ‫شڍ‬ ༉‫אױ‬ԱΔ‫࣠ڕ‬ᤚ൓լജՕՈ‫ شאױ‬huge ᇢ઎઎
large
subtitles.separate.vertical_offset:40
# ຍᇙਢ๻ࡳ‫᧯ڗ‬ᠦီ࿗່Հ૿ऱᢰᒵ၏ᠦΔ‫ृᦰ࣠ڕ‬ਢ‫ش‬٤ᘛኟ઎ऱᇩ஁լ‫ڍ‬ਢ 40
subtitles.separate.font:akai
# ຍਢଶଶ۞ૡऱ‫ڗ‬ী‫ټ‬ጠ
subtitles.separate.src_encoding:big-5
# ‫ڗ‬ীᒳᒘ‫ش‬ big-5ຏൄ‫ڇ‬ጻሁՂՀሉ‫ࠐڃ‬ऱຟਢ big-5

೻ኺυ൷џоࣼԤԅᄍᔬ‫ޟ‬ .avi ኇа᠅Ȋ

9.3.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ኬܹ DVD ‫ ڷ‬VCD

ᗙ଄ு‫ר‬ঈΰ७ᇳ‫ޟ‬༝ ࢐Ιএᅖ჋ ? ή ‫ޟ‬ϭ७঻Ȋ
xine windows powerDVD

Ϛႆ࿋ณ࢐ϚΙኺ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂՂᄂᇳত໠ۖ‫ٺ‬ҢԤᘈϚಬᄛȂϚႆ‫ٺ‬Ңႆඁԩࡣ൷
࡞ΰЙΟȂ࿋ณ џо࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ኬܹ ‫ ࢐ܖ‬ӎᆅȂӰ࣏άёΰΟ
xine DVD VCD ubuntu

Ռଢ଼Ӵᔓձ௮ၷΰձ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝ฽ᡝȞ‫ٽ‬Ȉ ӎᆅᐠȃ ᐶᓃᐠȃΙૡ‫ޟ‬ӎ DVD DVD

ᆅᐠȃᐶᓃᐠ้้‫ޟ‬ȟȄ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ձѫौ஠ӎᆅаܹΣձ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသࡣ໠ం ࡸ XINE

ήѺ‫ޟ‬ ȃ
DVD icon൷џоኬܹΟȂ፜ᘈᒵήყҢऔՓ਱਱ᒵଔ‫ޟپ‬Ӵ
VCD icon

П൷џо᠅Ȋ
9-12 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

ყ 9.11 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ኬܹ DVDȃVCD

षኬܹ DVD ԤЫ‫ݰ‬઴‫ޟ‬ၗȂौ‫ڷ‬ Mplayer Ιኺ҈໠ўҺᒿോȊ

9.3.3 GxineɯGnome ϭ७‫ ޟ‬xine ኬܹᏢ

ၭ ࣺШȂၶϚོ٥ቄፒᚕȄҢྤჃᘈ‫ڍ‬ή൷џоࣼ
Gxine xine DVD ȃ VCD ‫ܖ‬
ᔬਰȂᗙԤጣΰኄኬ঻Ȃή७࢐ ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆оЅᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϭಝȈ Gxine

Ԋ၆
$ sudo apt-get install Gxine

ᔖҢแԒ--> ኇॱ--> Gxine Movie Plyaer

ყ 9.12 Gxine
 9.3 XINEɯϭ७᜸խ PowerDVD ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-13

Gxine ኬܹ ȃ ζ࡞ᙏ൐঻Ȋ
DVD VCD

஠ File ೻এᒵ൐‫ܜ‬ή‫پ‬൷џоΟȄ

ყ 9.13 ᒵᐅौኬܹ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫࢐ܖ‬൬ᡝ

ᗙԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᢎࣼ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ‫ٽ‬ԃȈຜๅ‫ܹޟ‬
σᕻωȃԅᄍ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȃӒᒉᄍ‫ޟ‬዁Ԓ้
้Ȅ

ყ 9.14 Gxine ᢎࣼ೩ۡ

ζџоԝ᠙ጣΰኄኬ঻Ȃ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ᓜၾ
џоёΣ Ȅ
media mark

ყ 9.15 Gxine ᠙ጣΰኄኬ

9-14 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

9.4 VLCů཮΁ͮ‫ڟ‬ϻ౬᝝ᆬ‫ع‬ዢ
࢐Ιএ࡞ӻђ૖‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢȂ၆ԁࡣȂձདϚ‫ޟڗ‬ђ૖ζ഍ོԤȂ၌
vlc

ጆᏢζ࡞‫ׇ‬ᐌȂծ೩ۡแ‫࡞ו‬ᖅᚕ൷࢐ΟȇԁӵϚҢѪѴӔ໠ Ȃ‫ޢ‬௥ӵ console

೩ۡ Preference ൷џо೩ۡΟȂ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈौ೩ۡѲএӴПȂ‫ྱٷ‬ή७‫ޟ‬ყ
-->

Ұ೩ۡ൷џо᠅Ȋ

ყ 9.16 vlc ೩ۡ

9.4.1 Ռଢ଼୎กԅᄍᔬ

ყ 9.17 Ռଢ଼୎กԅᄍᔬ

ԃ‫ؠ ݎ‬Ԥᔓձ‫ڗײ‬ԅᄍᔬȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ԅᄍᔬ‫ؠ‬ԤၭኇаᔬܹӵΙଔ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
vlc

џоҢࡾۡ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂӵ‫ٺ‬Ңԅᄍᔬ‫ޟ‬ӴПᒯΣձ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ܚ‬ӵӴ։џȄ

9.4.2 ೩ۡՌ࠮ᔬ‫ڷ‬ԅᡝσω
ӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ‫ٺ‬Ңϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮։џȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ձདᒵᐅՌϏ൉᠍‫ޟ‬Ȃ१ौ‫࢐ޟ‬џоኬ
ϛМȂԅ࠮ᔬၯ৷ /usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic/ukai.ttf Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬೩ԅᡝσ
ωȂӰ๋࣏‫ޱ‬Ң ӧ‫ࣼپ‬ਢȂႱ೩‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮ԤᘈωȃོᕷጙࣼϚ఼ཿȂ‫ܚ‬о
x20 12.1

ӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬Ң 60 σω࢐৯Ϛӻ‫ޟ‬Ȃձζџо‫ٷ‬ՌϏ൉ԁ‫پ‬፡ᐌȄ
 9.4 VLCɯၮҁѮ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-15

ᄦ 9.18 ന‫࡭֋ܠ‬ᕫ۶ՄᢜЂЈ

9.4.3 ᒵᐅԅᄍਿԒ

ყ 9.19 ᒵᐅԅᄍਿԒ

ᡱ ࣏ձրտԅᄍᔬ࢐ϧቄਿԒȄ
vlc

9.4.4 ᒵᐅԅᄍጡጆ

ყ 9.20 ᒵᐅԅᄍጡጆ
9-16 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

Ӱ࣏೽லήၷ‫ޟپ‬ԅᄍᔬ഍࢐ Ȃଶߨ࢐ԤᙽᔬႆȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇‫ר‬ঈᒵᐅbig5 big5

ጡጆȄտ‫ן‬Οও‫ࡣׇ׽‬Ȃौ଄ுᓽԆ‫࢐ܖ‬१ཱི໠ం ঻Ȋ vlc

ყ 9.21 vlc ኬ avi ኇа

9.5 Totemůྱ௩‫ڟ‬ϻ౬᝝ᆬ‫ع‬ዢ
Totem ࢐ӵ
ήႱ೩൷၆ԁ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձԊ၆‫࢐ޟ‬
ubuntu ubuntu

ՄϚ࢐ ȃ ‫ޟ‬ၗȂႱ೩‫ޟ‬
kubuntu ၆ଔ‫پ‬൷ԤΟȂϚႆ‫ڹ‬Ȋӵ
xubuntu ubuntu CD

ձ‫ٺ‬ҢϞࠉ҆ሯौӑ࣏ ᒵᐅΙএኬܹЕᔝȂоή໌Σғᚠ᠅Ȋ
Totem

9.5.1 ‫ٺ‬Ң Gstreamer ࿋ኬܹЕᔝ

࢐Ιএ՛ࢺ‫ޟ‬൬ᡝ࢜ᄺȂҢ‫پ‬೎౩ӻ൬ᡝၥਟȄആႆ‫ٺ‬Ң೻এ‫ڒ‬Ԓ
GStreamer

৲ᔖҢแԒџоୈᖐॱ೎౩ȃᅋ࠷ᓃኇȄѺ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺ࢐‫ٺ‬ҢѴ௮‫ޟ‬ПԒၷΣ ‫ܚ‬о ,

ཱིၥਟ᜸࠮‫ܖ‬แ‫ו‬џҥᙏ൐Ԋ၆‫پ‬ቨёѴ௮ኬܹȄ‫ܚ‬оӵή७‫ר‬ঈौԊ၆Ι‫ٲ‬
‫پ‬೎౩‫ר‬ঈདࣼ‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝၥਟȄ
plugin

஠ Totem ‫ޟ‬ኬܹЕᔝ඲ԙ gstreamer

$ sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer
 9.5 TotemɯႱ೩‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-17

ณࡣҢ apt search Ιή‫ר‬ঈौ၆‫ ޟ‬plugin

ducati@X20:~$ apt-cache search gstreamer0.10-plugins | more
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base - GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps - GStreamer helper programs from the "base" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-dbg - GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good - GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-dbg - GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-doc - GStreamer documentation for plugins from the
"good" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad - GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-doc - GStreamer documentation for plugins from the
"bad" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-doc - GStreamer documentation for plugins from the
"base" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly - GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-dbg - GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-doc - GStreamer documentation for plugins from the
"ugly" set
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse - GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set
(Multiverse Variant)
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse - GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set
(Multiverse Variant)

ณࡣ‫҆װ‬ौ‫ޟ‬ ഍ӑ၆ΰўȞ ȃ ȃ ȟȂ࣏ϧቄौ‫װ‬

plugin good bad ugly plugin

၆ΰў‫ ڹ‬፜ࣼоήᇳ݂Ȉ
?

goodȈ၆ ࢐Ӱ࣏‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫᠌ގ‬୰ᚠΖඁн഍࢐ ௲᠌‫ޟ‬၌ጆᏢ‫ؠޱܖ‬

good GPL

Ԥ‫᠌ގ‬ᅸኌȂ џоኬܹ ȃ ȃ ȃ ȃ
good ȃ flac wav CD DV Smoke jpeg image

้ਿԒȄ
badȈᗶณџоኬܹȂծ࢐Ӱ࣏ҢଛөώแȂ‫ܚ‬оѺঈ‫ؠ‬Ԥᒲ‫ݲ‬਌‫ڗ‬ೣਿȂ
џ૖ӰԪԤ өтঈܲࡪȂᇄ‫ࡪܲڏ‬ȂϚԃඪ‫ ټ‬Ȅџоኬܹ‫ޟ‬൬
bug patch

ᡝᔬਰਿԒԤ Ȟ ȟȃ .datȃ ȃVCD Free AAC MOD GSM encoder/decoder

้้Ȅ
ugly Ȉ၎൬ᡝጡጆПԒ࢐Ԥடց३‫ڙ‬Ȃሯौငႆ௲᠌ϗ૖‫ٺ‬ҢȄҢ೻ᆍଛ
өώแ‫ޟ‬Й‫ݲ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬ϚΙۡ࢐‫ؐڇ‬এ୽ড়഍࢐ӫ‫ޟݲ‬Ȃџоኬܹ‫ޟ‬ਿԒԤ
้ਿԒȄ
MP3
9-18 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad

gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly

ՍЍΙۡौ‫ װ‬ȃ ȃ good bad ugly ၆ΰўȂ௥ή‫ڹپ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈӔ஠‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ codecs

Ȟ၌ጆѴ௮ȟ၆ΰў
plugin

$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3

gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mpegdemux

ёΰΰ७Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ᖂӓԤϲএ Ȃ೻ኺ൷ඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ኇаਿԒ഍џоࣼΟȄ
plugin

ᗙ଄ு‫ר‬ঈࠉ७၆‫ޟ‬ ༝ȉौҢ ‫ࣼپ‬ ೻᜸

win32codec totem-gstream wmv

‫ݍޟ‬ՙ଄ுौӑ၆
windows ࡣȂӔആႆ ‫پ‬ၷ
win32codec gstreamer0.10-pitfdll

Σ ϗџоࣼ঻Ȃശࡣ‫ר‬ঈᗙौӔ၆ΰ
dll gstreamer0.10-pitfdll

$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-pitfdll

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ‫پ‬ၐࣼࣼኬܹ .avi ‫ޟ‬ኇаࣼࣼ

ყ 9.22 totem-gstreamer ኬ avi

 9.5 TotemɯႱ೩‫ޟ‬ӻ൬ᡝኬܹᏢ 9-19

totem-gstreamer ኬ wmv

ყ 9.23 totem-gstreamer ኬ wmv

9.5.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң XINE ࿋ኬܹЕᔝ

‫ٺ‬Ң ࿋ ‫ޟ‬ኬܹЕᔝ൷ϚҢ೩ۡϧቄΟȂ೩ۡᔬѫौҢΰ७๋‫ޱ‬ቸ
xine totem

‫ޟ ޟ‬೩ۡ։џȂѫϚႆ
xine ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬܹӵၭ ϚΙኺ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂ
Totem-xine XINE

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ‫װ‬ ‫ޟ‬ኬܹЕᔝ඲ԙ
totem xine

$ sudo apt-get install totem-xine

೩ۡᔬ࢐೻Ιএ ~/.gnome2/totem_config ёΣၭΰԩΙኺ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄

$ gedit ~/.gnome2/totem_config

ёΣоή
# tiny small normal large very large huge
# ຍਢ‫ࠐش‬ኙᚨࠩଶթՀሉᇞᚘᜍ৵ऱքଡՕ՛ऱ‫ڗ‬ীΔ
subtitles.separate.subtitle_size:large
# ‫ش‬٤ᘛኟ઎ሽᐙ஁լ‫شڍ‬ ༉‫אױ‬ԱΔ‫࣠ڕ‬ᤚ൓լജՕՈ‫ شאױ‬huge ᇢ઎઎
large
subtitles.separate.vertical_offset:40
# ຍᇙਢ๻ࡳ‫᧯ڗ‬ᠦီ࿗່Հ૿ऱᢰᒵ၏ᠦΔ‫ृᦰ࣠ڕ‬ਢ‫ش‬٤ᘛኟ઎ऱᇩ஁լ‫ڍ‬ਢ 40
9-20 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

subtitles.separate.font:akai
# ຍਢଶଶ۞ૡऱ‫ڗ‬ী‫ټ‬ጠ
subtitles.separate.src_encoding:big-5
# ‫ڗ‬ীᒳᒘ‫ش‬ big-5 ຏൄ‫ڇ‬ጻሁՂՀሉ‫ࠐڃ‬ऱຟਢ big-5

9.6 RealPlayer
ԁΟ Ϛ᠅༜Ȋ‫ר‬ঈ଻ΰ൷‫װپ‬
~ realplayer ๝၆ΰў֑Ȅ
രຝ ‫ێ‬ᅁ Ubuntu Դ multiverse գҒȂЙჅߍӎѧႵ᚞ȂॶҞѽ‫ߞۦء‬႖Ȃ
ߡతӡ sudo apt-get install realplayerබҞѽႅϞȄ
1. ፜ӑ‫ڗ‬ realplayer ‫ۢޟ‬Пᆩમήၷ
ᆩ֭ http://www.real.com/ ձོี౪ ѡ᜞൷ԤΙএ for linux ‫ޟ‬ήၷᘈ ௥ή‫پ‬
,

ᒵ free download

2. Ԋ၆ Realplayer

Ӱ࣏‫ר‬ঈήၷӱ‫࢐ޟپ‬Ιএஈ՗ᔬȂ‫ܚ‬о‫᠌׽؁‬३ࡣџо‫ޢ‬௥ஈ՗Ԋ၆
$ chmod +x RealPlayer10GOLD.bin

‫᠌׽؁‬३ᡐёΰџஈ՗
$ ./RealPlayer10GOLD.bin

ஈ՗ӵҏҬᓃ၇‫ޟ‬ RealPlayer10GOLD.bin ೻এԊ၆ஈ՗ᔬȂή७࢐ӵ console

‫ޟ‬ஈ՗๖‫ݎ‬Ȅ
Extracting files for RealPlayer installation........................

Welcome to the RealPlayer (10.0.7.785) Setup for UNIX

Setup will help you get RealPlayer running on your computer.
Press [Enter] to continue...
 9.6 RealPlayer 9-21

‫ר‬ঈџоӵತᆒᐠຜๅࣼ‫ߔ᠍ڗ‬ଉ਀ ࡸή Enter

Enter the complete path to the directory where you want

RealPlayer to be installed. You must specify the full
pathname of the directory and have write privileges to
the chosen directory.
Directory: [/home/ducati/download/RealPlayer]:/home/ducati/program/RealPlayer

೻ਢঐོौձᒯΣձौԊ၆‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ ๋‫ޱ‬ಬᄛΰ഍ོӵড়ҬᓃήӔ࡚ΙএѪѴ ,

Ԋ၆೺ᡝҬᓃ ‫ ܖ‬Ϟ᜸‫ޟ‬ȂП߯Рࡣ᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏᆓ౩‫ܚ‬Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬
program bin Ȅ program

୅ԃ‫ר‬ঈདौԊ၆ӵ೻এҬᓃ /home/ducati/program

஠ོᡗҰ
You have selected the following RealPlayer configuration:

Destination /home/ducati/program/RealPlayer

Enter [F]inish to begin copying files, or [P]revious to go back to the previous

prompts: [F]: F

஠σቸ ̐๝Ѻࡸήў ю౪оήଉ਀൷ߒҰԊ၆‫ׇ‬ԙ᠅Ȋ

!

Copying RealPlayer files ....configuring mozilla...

Configuring realplay script...
RealPlayer installation is complete.
Cleaning up installation files...
Done.

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈོࣼ‫ڗ‬ program ҬᓃήӻΟΙএ RealPlayer ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ

$ ls

ࣼ‫ڗ‬ RealPlayer Ҭᓃ
$ cd RealPlayer}

໌ўࣼࣼԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥஈ՗ᔬџҢ !

$ ls
9-22 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

ducati@X20:~/program/RealPlayer$ ls
Bin common install.log LICENSE plugins README realplay.bak share
codecs doc lib mozilla postinst realplay realplay.bin

ԤडȊ‫ר‬ঈี౪ realplay ࢐ᆦՓ‫ࠤࠤ ޟ‬Ȋஈ՗֑ࣼࣼȄ

$ ./realplay &

ёΰ ҵ‫ڗ‬ & ஈ՗Ȅ background

ᅖᙏ൐ԁࣼ‫ޟ‬ȄϚႆ൷ѫԤΙ‫ٲ‬அҏኬܹ ᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃծ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐ಬᄛҢ rm

ࣼȂՂᄂᇳӵេេ‫ ޟ‬ΰࣼШၶϚོ ȂζԤ

Mplayer ้้‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȅ
x20 lag Favorites

ԃყ ή‫ޟ‬
9.24linux RealPlayer

ყ 9.24 RealPlayer
 9.7 beep-media-player 源自於 xmms 的 mp3 播放器 9-23

設定 realplayer 預設的瀏覽器

圖 9.25 設定 FireFox 為 RealPlayer 的預設瀏覽器

在 web browser：那一欄輸入 /usr/bin/firefox 就可以了。

9.7 beep-media-player 源自於 xmms 的 mp3

播放器
beep-media-player 是一個很好用的 mp3 player，之前要是有用過 xmms 的人
一定也會覺得不錯用！筆者也都是用這個，介面跟 Windows 下的 winamp 有點
類似。
安裝步驟
$ sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install beep-media-player

執行，在 colsole 下輸入或是 應用程式--> 影音--> beep-media-player 都可

以執行。
$ beep-media-player &
9-24 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

Ⱥџо‫ޢ‬௥҈ beep ณࡣࡸ ᗤ tab shell ོᔓձՌଢ଼‫װ‬ command ၄ቆȻ

ყ 9.26 beep-media-player

໠ం ࡣौ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоӵкแԒȞϚ࢐
beep-media-player4

playerlist ȟΰࡸѡᗤȂณࡣᒵᐅ Ȃӵ ᒵ
Preferences-->Plugins outpt eSound

Output plugin Ȅ

ყ 9. 27 ‫ ࣏׽‬esound ೎౩዁Ԓ
 9.8 Rhythmbox ԝᓃ CD ௡‫ ڙ‬ipod 9-25

ณࡣ‫ר‬ঈζџо‫׽؁‬೩ۡᡱтЛධ ϛМ঻Ȋ௥ή‫پ‬ζ࢐ΙኺӵкแԒΰ big5

ࡸѡᗤᒵ Preferences Plugins Plugins MediaȂณࡣӵ

--> --> --> Media plugin

၇ᒵᐅ
list: Ȃӵ‫୑ڏ‬ԁ೩ۡ၇‫ ޟ‬Ȃ஠
MPEG Audio Plugin Title Conver non-UTF8

҈ϻȂ௥ή‫ڹپ‬ѫौ‫רװ‬ঈདौ‫ޟ‬ጡጆᒯΣ൷џоΟȊ፜ӵ
ID3 tags to UTF8 ID3

Ȉ೻ួᒯΣ Ȅ
encoding big5

ყ 9.28 ᡱ beep-media-player џоᙽ big5

೻ኺ൷џо᠞‫ڥ‬ big5 ‫ޟ‬ϛМᔬӪΟȄ

9.8 Rhythmbox НᏃ CD ૡ֙ ipod

ζ࢐
Rhythmboxៀԁ൷Ⴑ೩Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೻এ೺ᡝ࡞П߯Ȃџо஠ձ൉᠍᠙
ubuntu

‫ޟ‬ ԝᓃ‫ڗ‬ձ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ၇ȂζџоҢ‫پ‬௡‫঻ ڙ‬Ȅҥܻ

Music CD ࢐ ipod Rhythmbox

Ң ࿋၌ጆᏢȂ‫ܚ‬оौ᠙ ‫ޟ‬ၗȂौ‫װ‬
gstreamer Ѵ௮၆ଔ‫پ‬ോȄmp3 gstreamer

೻‫ٲ‬Ѵ௮Ӫᆎӵ ‫ޟ‬ Еᔝ٥၇Ԥፙ‫ڗ‬Ȅ଄ுോȊႱ೩

totem gstreamer Rhythmbox

࢐Ϛ૖ܹ ‫ޟ‬Ȃ଄ு၆Ѵ௮Ȅ
mp3
9-26 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

ყ 9.29 Rhythmbox

ӵ ήԤএԁ೎൷࢐ ӵ Ѕ
Linux ΰȂ၇७‫ॱޟ‬ዅᔬਰ഍ོ߳
ipod Mac Windows

៖Մᗴᙠଔ‫پ‬Ȃծ࢐ӵ ή࢐‫ׇ‬Ӓࣼு‫ޟڗ‬Ȃѫौ஠ձ‫ ޟ‬௥ΰ

Linux ipod ubuntu

։ོՌଢ଼ᔓձ‫װ‬ ௮ၷଔ‫پ‬Ȃ໠ంਹ७ΰ‫ޟ‬
ipod ၥਟֶࡣȂॱዅ࢐ܹӵ ipod

၇७Ȃณࡣ‫ྱٷ‬ၥਟ၇‫ޟ‬ጡဴ௃ Ι‫ ڗޢ‬၇७൷࢐
iPod_Control/Music F00 Fxx

၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅΟȂԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ྱޱ‬๿ΰ७‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂Ȃ஠
ipod ‫ޟ‬٥ඁএ ၆ԁ gstream plugin

ࡣȂ൷џо໷ց‫ޟ‬Ң ‫پ‬᠙ ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅȃζџо஠၇ᓞ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰΙএ

Rhythmbox ipod

এ ‫ ڗ‬ΰȂॶӑ‫ר‬ঈϭಝࡩቄҢ
copy pc ‫پ‬௡‫ ڙ‬Ȅ Rhythmbox ipod

‫ٺ‬Ң Rhythmbox ‫پ‬௡‫ ڙ‬ipod

ӑ஠ ௥ΰ ࡣȂོ୰ձ࢐֏஠೻এ၆ည௮ၷଔ‫پ‬໠ంၥਟֶ‫࢐ܖ‬Ϛ
ipod ubuntu

ौȂ೻၇ौᒵᐅ௮ၷଔ‫پ‬൷џоࣼ‫ ڗ‬၇‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶȂณࡣ໠ం ᒵ ipod Rhythmbox

ᐅ ॱዅ ཪ൶џಋଶ൬ᡝ ൷џоҢ
--> ௡‫ ڙ‬Ȅ Rhythmbox ipod
 9.8 Rhythmbox ԝᓃ CD ௡‫ ڙ‬ipod 9-27

ყ 9.30 ཪ൶џಋଶ൬ᡝ

ณࡣӵѾ᜞‫ྛپޟ‬ᘈᒵձ‫ޟ‬ ipod ყҰ൷џо᠅Ȋ

ყ 9.31 ipod ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅӖߒ

Ϛႆ೻ѫԤᙏ൐‫ޟ‬᠞‫ڥ‬ђ૖Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ձौ஠ ipod ‫ॱޟ‬ዅҢ೺ᡝ༘Σ‫༘࢐ܖ‬ю‫ޟ‬

ၗџо‫ٺ‬Ң ‫پ‬ୈȄ
gtkpod
9-28 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

‫ װ‬Music CD ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅരӋ‫ڗ‬Ⴋသ၇
‫ޢ‬௥ܹΣ Ȃ CD Ubuntu ོ࣏ձ໠ం Ȃ൷џоᒵኬܹ‫࢐ܖ‬Ꮀ‫᠅ڥ‬Ȋ
Sound juicer

ყ 9.32 ༘Σॱዅӎᆅ

᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо၆ gtkpod ‫پ‬ၐၐȄ

9.9 amaroK
‫ڏ‬ᄂȂ೻ඁএॱዅኬܹ೺ᡝ഍৯ϚӻȂ‫ܚ‬оӵԪᙏ൐ϭಝΙή ζџо amaroK

Лධ ‫ޟ‬ኬܹȂϚႆѺϚΙኺ‫࢐ޟ‬Ѻџо஠џಋଶ‫ޟ‬൬ᡝȞԃ ȟ‫ڷ‬ձႫ
ipod ipod

သ၇‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᐌӫӵΙଔȃζџоᐶԙ ȂѺ௡‫ޟ ڙ‬ПԒ࢐ձ໠ం CD ipod amaroK

ࡣ൷ོՌଢ଼ၷΣΟȂџоӵ ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȅ Media Device

 9.9 amaroK 9-29

Ң amaroK ᠞‫ ڥ‬ipod ϱৠ

ყ 9.33 amaroK ᠞‫ ڥ‬ipod

஠Ѿ᜞ ipod ‫ޟ‬ϱৠᒵۡࡣȂ‫ޢ‬௥‫ڗܜ‬ѡ᜞‫఼ޟ‬൐൷џоኬܹΟ

Ң amaroK ᠞‫ڥ‬Ⴋသ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅ

ყ 9.34 amaroK ᠞‫ڥ‬Ⴋသ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅ

9-30 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

དौኬܹ ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅѫौӵѾήПᒵᐅ
pc FilesȂณࡣӵѾΰП༲Σձܹॱዅ‫ޟ‬
ၥਟֶ։џȄ
Ң amaroK ஠Ⴋသ၇‫ॱޟ‬ዅᐶю‫پ‬

ყ 9.35 amaroK Ң amaroK ஠ॱዅᐶю‫پ‬

ѫौ஠ձ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᒵۡࡣࡸѡᗤᒵᐅ Burn ൷џоᐶю឴ܻձ‫ޟ‬ Music CD

9.10 ᆄᆬН᜙௺᝝ůDirectory Browser

Ğstreamtunerğ
࢐࡞ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ԝ᠙ኄኬ೺ᡝȂѺԤԁඁএમᇔ໱Ο࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ‫ॱޟ‬
streamtuner

ዅ᜸࠮оЅϚႆ‫ޟ‬ኬܹॱዅਿԒȂԝ໱ॱዅᓜၾ‫ޟ‬ᆩમԤ ȃ ȃ Xiph SHOUTcast

ȃ
Live365 ȃ ȃ
punkcast.com ȃ้้ȂӨᆍ᜸࠮഍ԤȂॱ
Google station basic.ch

ዅϱৠζ࢐Ϥ߆ΤߞȂᖞγѠ‫ڐ‬ȃᕒρȃ ȃࣥՍ१ߜ឴഍ԤȊ RAP Google station

၇Ԥ‫؁‬ӻ‫ޟ‬ಠϷȂձζџоӑӵ ၇ӑཪ൶ΙฬࡣӔ‫ ڗ‬ȃGoogle station Xiph

ȃ
SHOUTcast ȃ ᘈኬȄ௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ‫ࣼࣼپ‬ԃդԊ၆֑Ȋ
Live365 punkcast.com

$ sudo apt-get install streamtuner

 9.10 ኄኬԝ᠙೺ᡝɯDirectory BrowserȞstreamtunerȟ 9-31

ณࡣӵ ήஈ՗‫࢐ܖ‬
Terminal ΙήӔิΣ logout gnome ζџоӵȂᔖҢแԒ -->

ኇॱ streamtuner ζџоஈ՗Ȅ
-->

$ streamtuner &

ყ 9.36 Streamtuner

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈ‫װ‬Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ኬܹᏢ‫׽‬ԙ beep-media-player ֑Ȋࣼყᇳ࢈‫঻ٱ‬Ȋ‫ר‬ঈ

ӑᒵᐅ Edit Preferences
-->

ყ 9.37 Streamtuner Preferences

9-32 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

Ӕ‫רپ‬ঈ஠ xmms ‫ޟ‬ԅኺ‫׽‬ԙ beep-media-player ൷џоΟȄ

ყ 9.38 ೩ۡ Streamtuner ኬܹ࣏ beep-media-player

೻ኺυ൷৯Ϛӻ൷џоҢΟȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ђ૖൷፜ user Ռ՗ีථ֑Ȋ

9.11 ΢ Linux ߼ᆵѝྫග

೻এω࿽࢐ҥӌᚶ‫ش‬ዥЖඪ‫ټ‬Ȃӵ೻၇๋‫ߨޱ‬லཐᗂтӵԻԔϞϛȂ‫ުܪ‬ᐌ౩
т‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆๋଄ Ȅ ^_^

ኵ՝Ⴋຜଉဴ࢐஠Ⴋຜኇ჋ᖐॱငႆጡጆᔆᕻȂёΣ୎ᒿጡጆϞࡣีଚю‫ޟپ‬
ଉဴȄᇄΙૡ༈ಛ᜸ШଉဴࣺШȂ༈ಛ᜸Шଉဴৠܾ‫ڗڧ‬Ј੉ȂЈጣ‫ں‬൜‫ސ‬ᡝಋ
ଢ଼้้‫ޟ‬ϓᘙՄ౰ҡ‫׫‬ଢ଼Ȃᚕᘈ้้‫ޟ‬ᚕଉኇ៪ห७ࠢ፴Ȅኵ՝ႫຜӰ࣏ёΰΟ
ᒿᇲ୎กጆȂѫौଉဴ‫ྛپ‬ϚौЊ৯Ȃ഍џоࣼ‫ڗ‬ᇄ ห፴གछ‫ޟ‬ห७ോȄ DVD

Ѯᢊ‫ޟ‬Ϥড়ฒጣႫຜѮ ѮຜȂϛຜȂ๼ຜȂҕຜȂϴຜ ഍ϐငԤีଚኵ՝Ⴋ

( )

ຜଉဴȂؐএႫຜѮ഍ԤีଚέএϚӣ‫ޟ‬࿽ҬᓜၾȂ‫ܚ‬оᖂӓџоࣼ‫̈ڗ‬Ϥএջ
າᓜၾോȄ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬࿽ҬߒȂоЅ‫؁‬ӻᜰܻኵ՝Ⴋຜ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂџоӵѮᢊኵ՝Ⴋຜ
‫ޟོڞ‬ᆩમΰ७‫ڗײ‬ Ȅ
(http://www.dtvc.org.tw/)

೻এണ࿽ौఀσড়ԃդӵ ΰ७Ԋ၆ኵ՝Ⴋຜ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȂоЅ‫ٺ‬Ң
Linux Xine

‫پ‬ԝࣼኵ՝ႫຜȄ
 9.11 Ң Linux ࣼኵ՝Ⴋຜ 9-33

‫ྥࠉٱ‬ര
Ԋ၆ ᇄ
kernel header source ɯ ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒԤ೨ӻ഍ᗙӵ
DVB ΰ७ linuxtv.org

໠ีՄ‫ۦ‬Ґ໌ΣғԒ‫ޟ‬ kernel Ȃ࣏Οौ૖ጡឍ ៮ଢ଼Ȃሯौӑ၆ԁҬࠉ

DVB kernel

ࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ Ȅsource

$ sudo apt-get install linux-image-2.6.17-10-generic linux-headers-2.6.17-10

linux-headers-2.6.17-10-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic

Ԋ၆ԁϞࡣौҢཱི‫ޟ‬ kernel १ཱི໠ᐠȂζ൷࢐໠ᐠਢঐौ GRUB ᒵ

Ȅ
2.6.17-10-generic

Ԋ၆ Mercurial ώ‫ ڎ‬೻࢐Ң‫ڥپ‬ு
– linuxtv.org ΰ७‫ޟ‬แԒጆ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get install mercurial

Ԋ၆ gcc,make,automake – Ң‫پ‬ጡឍনۖጆ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-4.1 make automake1.9

ήၷ DVB ៮ଢ଼แԒᇄ೺ᡝ
mkdir ~/dvb ; cd ~/dvb
hg clone http://linuxtv.org/hg/v4l-dvb
hg clone http://linuxtv.org/hg/dvb-apps

ጡឍ DVB

cd ~/dvb/v4l-dvb
make;make install

೻ኺོጡឍԊ၆‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ module

ήၷ Firmware Ȟ໵ᡝȟ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬၆ည࢐ ϭ७‫ޟ‬Ȃ೽லᗙሯौήၷ
DVB Ȅ
USB ࢐ Firmware Firmware

Ң‫៮پ‬ଢ଼฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬แԒጆȂ೽ல࢐ܹӵ ၇७ȄϚႆ౪ӵኅ୦࣏Οԙҏо FlashROM

Ѕ౰ࠢσω‫ޟ‬নӰȂ‫װ‬໵ᡝհԙџоᓍਢၷΣ‫ޟ‬Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵ
‫ڗײ‬லَ‫ޟ‬ ၆ည៮ଢ଼แ
http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVB_USB USB

ԒȂоЅ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬໵ᡝȄ
9-34 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬
ႇ᧯Հሉጻీ
* http://thadathil.net:8000/dvb/fw/
* http://linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/

‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ޟר‬ Ⴋຜ෕‫ٺ‬Ң
Compro U500 DibCom 7700 වаȂӰԪሯौήၷ
೻এᔬਰȂήၷϞࡣܹ‫ڗ‬
dvb-usb-dib0700-01.fw ၇७Ȃ฿ࡣ៮ଢ଼
/lib/firmware

แԒၷΣࡣȂོՌଢ଼ཪ൶‫ٮ‬иၷΣ໵ᡝȄ
ၷΣ៮ଢ଼
ᡱ script Ռଢ଼ᔓձၷΣ‫ܚ‬Ԥጡឍԁ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼
cd ~/dvb/v4l-dvb
make load

Ϟࡣ҈ dmesg ᔖ၎൷ོࣼ‫ڗײڗ‬Ⴋຜњ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ο

Oct 23 22:49:40 linux kernel: usb 2-3: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd
and address 5
Oct 23 22:49:40 linux kernel: usb 2-3: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Oct 23 22:49:40 linux kernel: dvb-usb: found a 'Compro Videomate U500' in cold
state, will try to load a firmware
Oct 23 22:49:40 linux kernel: dvb-usb: downloading firmware from file
'dvb-usb-dib0700-01.fw'x20
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: dib0700: firmware started successfully.
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: dvb-usb: found a 'Compro Videomate U500' in warm
state.
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: dvb-usb: will pass the complete MPEG2 transport
stream to the software demuxer.
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: DVB: registering new adapter (Compro Videomate
U500).
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: DVB: registering frontend 0 (DiBcom
7000MA/MB/PA/PB/MC)...
Oct 23 22:49:41 linux kernel: MT2060: successfully identified (IF1 = 1220)
Oct 23 22:49:42 linux kernel: dvb-usb: Compro Videomate U500 successfully
initialized and connected.
Oct 23 22:49:42 linux usbmgr[2980]: vendor:0x185b product:0x1e78
Oct 23 22:49:42 linux usbmgr[2980]: class:0xff subclass:0x0 protocol:0x0

dmesg Ӗю‫ڗײ‬ DVB වа DiBcom 7000MA/MB/PA/PB/MC, tuner වа

MT2060 ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀Ȅ
 9.11 Ң Linux ࣼኵ՝Ⴋຜ 9-35

Ԋ၆ᓜၾߒ
cd ~/dvb/dvb-apps/
make

ӒѮᢊӨӴ‫ޟ‬ᓜ౥џоӵ೻၇‫ڗײ‬ Ȃ๋ http://ksc91u.googlepages.com/dtv.html

‫ޱ‬ζ࡚ҳΟოဎ‫ޟ‬ᓜၾߒܹӵ Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џо
http://ksc91u.googlepages.com/tw.txt

ήၷ‫پ‬Ϟࡣও‫׽‬ᓜ౥ ‫ޟ‬ഋӋ։џȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ ൷ӵࡣ७ёϲএ ԙ࣏

Freq 533 0

։џȄ‫װ‬ও‫׽‬ႆ‫ ޟ‬Ԇӵ
533000000 Ȅ tw.txt /tmp/tw.txt

௥ή‫רپ‬ঈᗙौҢแԒ௭ජ࿽Ҭߒ ೻ኺϗ૖ᡱ ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ , Xine

cd ~/dvb/dvb-apps/util/
./scan /tmp/tw.txt >~/.xine/channels.conf

Ӱ࣏௭ජю‫ޟپ‬ᓜၾߒ‫ؠ‬Ԥᒲ‫ݲ‬ᡗҰϛМȂІՄ࢐Ιஂ༄ጆȂ‫ר‬ঈџоЙଢ଼ጡ
ᒮ ೻এᔬਰȂ‫ؐװ‬Ι՗಑Ιএࠃဴ ࠉ७‫ޟ‬ᓜၾӪᆎও‫׽‬
~/.xine/channels.conf :

ԙ‫ר‬ঈࣼுᔗ‫ޟ‬фဴȂձζџо‫ٺ‬ҢϛМȂծ࢐ѫԤӵ ၇७ࣼ‫ ڗޟ‬Ӱ࣏ gxine ,

xineҬࠉᗙϚ૖ғጂᡗҰϛМȄও‫׽‬Ϟࡣႆ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰߝு჋೻ኺ
Ȅ ᓜၾӪᆎ࢐ ‫ޟ‬խн഍
hhttp://ksc91u.googlepages.com/channels.conf [xxxx]

࢐ުҩ‫ؠ‬Ԥᒲ‫ݲ‬ᢎࣼ‫ޟ‬Ȃџоᐌ՗ւ௬Ȅ

ყ 9.39 gxine ኬܹห७

9-36 ಑ 9 ണ ӻ൬ᡝኇॱ‫ݠ‬፬

‫ٺ‬Ң ਢঐȂџоҢྤჃᅌᎈ‫پ‬ᒵᐅΰήᓜၾȂᒵԁौࣼ‫ޟ‬ᓜၾϞࡣࡸѾ
gxine

ᗤϸ඲ȄζџоҢ ‫پ‬ΰήᙽѮȄPage Up/Down

оΰ࢐এΡӵ ΰ७Ԋ၆ኵ՝Ⴋຜ‫ޟ‬ႆแᇄ᠞‫ޱ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ȅ࿋ณ ‫ۦ‬Ԥԃ

Linux Linux

‫࢐ܖ‬
Kaffeine ้೺ᡝџоኬܹኵ՝ႫຜȂ
Mplayer џоᡗҰؐР‫ޟ‬࿽Ҭ Kaffeine

ਢ‫ߒړ‬ȂϚႆζΙኺ࢐༄ጆȂᗙौ้࡟ԤЖΡρ‫ޟ‬ওғȄ এΡࠌឈு‫ؠ‬ Mplayer

Ԥ ٥ኺП߯‫ޟ‬ϭ७џо‫ٺ‬ҢȄԃ‫ݎ‬ӵԊ၆ႆแϛႄ‫ࣥڗ‬ቄ୰ᚠ џо
Xine/Gxine ,

‫ڗ‬ ‫ ޟ‬Ȟ
LinuxTV Wiki ȟΰ७ࢥ
http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

ၚՌϏ‫ޟ‬Ⴋຜњ᜸࠮Ȅ‫࢐ܖ‬ζ᠍ߔ஠ӨӴԝଉ‫ݷޑޟ‬ӱൢᇄσড়Ϸ‫ٴ‬ଆ፣ോȄ
 ʙղဂ΢‫ڟ‬ᐖ΢௺᝝

ࣼႆΟࠉ७ϭಝ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯᔖҢแԒȃኇॱӻ൬ᡝȂ࢐Ϛ࢐ᗙឈுཎนҐᅾȉLinux
ΰԤყаᘲ។Ꮲ༝ȉ‫ר‬ौࡩቄᐶ CD/DVD ‫ڹ‬ȉᗙԤࡩቄୈᙏൢȃൢ֙ȄLinux ΰ
‫ޟ‬೻‫ٲ‬೺ᡝࡩቄ၆ࡩቄҢȂौϚौᓀ‫ڹ‬ȉ๎ਰ࢐ΙኺϚҢᓀ঻ȊՄиζ࢐Ιኺ
apt-get ൷џо၆ԁ᠅Ȋ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ПԒζ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃ൷፜᠞‫ޱ‬Ϛვ‫ޟྮڏ‬௥๿֑ࣼȊ

10.1 ࿧̰ᔲᛔჄሡᎮുВ
ӵ Linux ΰԤ೨ӻ‫ޟ‬ყаᘲ។แԒȂӵή७๋ਪོϭಝඁএᙏ൐ܾҢ‫ޟ‬ყаᘲ
។แԒȂᗙԤϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ყаጡᒮแԒΰGimpαȂGimp ࢐এ࡞ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ყаጡᒮแԒȂ
Ԥԃ windows ή‫ ޟ‬photoshopȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵቸ೻ҏਪਢζ࢐Ң Gimp ওყ঻Ȋ௥ή
‫پ‬൷፜ࣼࣼ೻‫ٲ‬แԒ‫ޟ‬அҏҢ‫ݲ‬ȂᇄԊ၆П‫ݲ‬Ȅ

10.1.1 Linux ϛ‫ ޟ‬photoshopɯGimp

࢐এᙏ൐ܾҢ‫ޟ‬ყаጡᒮแԒȂζ࢐ Ubuntu ϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ȂGimp ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ϭ
Gimp
७࡞ᙏ൐ԁҢȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵቸ೻ҏਪζ࢐Ң Gimp ‫پ‬ওყȂϚႆӰ࣏Ϛ࢐ौቸ Gimp
ఀᏰȂ‫ܚ‬о൷ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ϭಝΙή‫ٺ‬Ңϭ७Ȃ‫ޱ๋ڷ‬ওყਢ‫ޟ‬ୈ‫ݲ‬Ȅ
10-2 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

1.Ԋ၆ Gimp
ᆄԫձ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu ၇‫ؠ‬Ԥ GimpΔ፜‫ٺ‬ҢоήࡾхԊ၆Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get install gimp

2.‫ٺ‬Ңϭ७ᙏϭ
Gimp ‫ޟ‬໠ంϛห७Ȃত໠ంਢ Gimp ོၷΣแԒоЅѴ௮Ȅ

ყ 10.1 Gimp ᠞‫ڥ‬แԒϛ

௥๿໠ంࡣོԤωඪҰȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛདࣼџоӑᜰ௬Ȅ

ყ 10.2 Gimp ωඪҰ

 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-3

‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ӖȂஅҏΰ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ђ૖഍џ
Gimp
оӵ೻၇‫ڗײ‬ȂѓࢂȈ໠ంᔬਰȃኇ჋‫ޟ‬
ᕻܹȃ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ωყҰȃห๋᚟Փȃ๋
‫ڕ‬σωȃᐇհ؏᡽้้Ȅ

ყ 10.3 Gimp ώ‫ڎ‬Ӗ

ყ 10.4 Gimp ໠ంყа

10-4 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

3.ёΣӱඈ؏᡽
೻ኺџоᡱձୈᒿ‫ޟ‬ӴП१‫پ‬
ቨёђ૖ᒵ൐ȂࡸήωП༵ᒵ ёΣϷॲ--> ඈনकᓃ

ყ 10.5 ёΣඈনकᓃ

ณࡣӵѾ᜞‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬Ӗ൷ོю౪ඈনकᓃȂձ൷џоᒵᐅདӱඈ‫؏ޟ‬᡽ΟȄ

ყ 10.6 ᒵᐅඈনकᓃ

4.ᙏ൐‫ٺޟ‬Ңጒ‫ٽ‬
஠ᒵᐅጒ൜ජ᜞Ȃӵਪҏΰ‫ޟ‬ყаȂџоࣼ‫࡞ڗ‬ӻω਱਱‫ޟ‬኿ҰȂ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ೻၇
ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂؏᡽Ȅ
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-5

ӑᒵԁձौජ᜞‫ޟ‬᚟ՓȂӑᘈᒵࠉශ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬ӴПȄ

ყ 10.7 ᒵᐅࠉශ᚟Փ

ོю౪ᒵᐅ᚟Փ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȂᒵᐅձདौ‫ޟ‬᚟ՓȄ

ყ 10.8 ᚟Փᒵᐅຜๅ

ณོࠉශ᚟Փ൷ོᡐԙऔՓΟȄ

ყ 10.9 ࠉශ᚟ՓᡐԙऔՓ
10-6 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

௥๿Ңᒵᐅઐ‫ל‬ୢ୿ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃᒵԁձདජ᜞‫ޟ‬ӴПȄ

ყ 10.10 ‫ٺ‬Ңઐ‫ל‬ୢ୿ώ‫ڎ‬

ᘈᒵ ጡᒮ-->‫ٷ‬ᒵᐅୢ୿ජ᜞Ȅ

ყ 10.11 ‫ٷ‬ᒵᐅୢ୿ජ᜞

ณࡣོю౪೩ۡຜๅȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛདජ᜞‫ޟ‬ጣనЊಗȂџо೩ 3.0Ȅ

ყ 10.12 ೩ۡජ᜞ಗಠ
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-7

೻ኺυ൷џоජюಠಠ‫ޟ‬औ᜞ΟȄ

ყ 10.13 ජ᜞‫ׇ‬ԙ

5.‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶

ყ 10.14 ᒵᐅ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶
10-8 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.15 ᡗҰ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶

ყ 10.16 ყቹ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-9

ყ 10.17 ώ‫ޟڎ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶

ყ 10.18 ᄇၗП༵‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶
10-10 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.19 ኇ჋‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᒵ໶ȂџоҢ‫پ‬ᕻܹኇ჋‫ޟ‬σω঻Ȋ

10.1.2 ሆ߯‫פ‬ഀ‫ޟ‬ყ‫ל‬ᘲ។แԒɯGQview
Ԋ၆ Gqview
$ sudo apt-get install gqview

ంଢ଼ GqviewȂᔖҢแԒ--> छώᛲყ--> Gqview

ყ 10.20 Gqview
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-11

ყ 10.21 ყаӖߒᡗҰ

ყ 10.22 Ӓᒉᄍ዁ԒȂџоࡸ F ϸ඲
10-12 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.23 ܹσᡗҰ

ყ 10.24 ყаᔮຜђ૖ᒵ൐
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-13

10.1.3 ᙏܾ‫ޟ‬ኇ჋ᔮຜᏢɯGwenview
‫ޟ‬ᡗҰПԒ࢐ȂषձӵϏԤყа‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶ၇Ȃ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ყོᡐԙωᕻ
Gwenview
ყᡗҰȂೝᘈᒵ‫ޟڗ‬ყȂࠌོӵਠ᜞ᡗҰσΙᘈᘈ‫ޟ‬ყȂϚႆ Gwenview ᗙџо
ёΰѴ௮ȞpluginȟȂёΰ plugin ࡣџо஠ձ‫ޟ‬ყᔬᇧԙኇаᔬȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ᐶᓃԙ
CD/DVDȄ

Ԋ၆ Gwenview
$ sudo apt-get install gwenview

໠ం Gwenview ȂᔖҢแԒ--> छώᛲყ--> Gwenview

ყ 10.25 Gwenview
10-14 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.26 Ӓᒉᄍ዁ԒȂџࡸ F ᡐ඲

၆ΰ Gwenview plugingȂᡱ Gwenview џо஠ኇ჋ᐶԙӎᆅ

$ sudo apt-get install kipi-plugins

ณࡣџоӵ Ѵ௮--> ༘ю--> Archive to CD/DVDȂ༘юԙӎᆅ

ყ 10.27 ༘юԙ CD/DVD

 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-15

ζџо༘юԙ MPEG ኇаᔬȂѴ௮--> ώ‫ڎ‬--> Create MPEG Slide Show

ყ 10.28 ༘юԙ MPEG ᔬ

10.1.4 ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ყаᆓ౩แԒɯgThumb
Ԋ၆ gThumb
$ suod apt-get install gthumb

໠ం gThumbȂᔖҢแԒ--> छώᛲყ--> gThumb ყаᆓ౩ώ‫ڎ‬

10-16 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.29 gThumb

gThumb ‫ޟ‬Ӓᒉᄍ዁Ԓ

ყ 10.30 Ӓᒉᄍ዁Ԓ

Ң gThumb ౰ҡષЕყȂᕻܹఋᙽყаȃ‫׽؁‬Р෈
 10.1 ყаᘲ។ᇄጡᒮแԒ 10-17

ყ 10.31 gThumb ώ‫ڎ‬

gThumb ‫ ޟ‬slide ዁Ԓ

ყ 10.32 slide ዁Ԓ
10-18 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

10.1.5 Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬ყаᆓ౩แԒɯEye of GNOME

໠ం Eye of GNOMEȞeogȟ‫ޟ‬ПԒԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ಑Ιᆍ࢐ყаΰᘈ‫ڍ‬ήȂ಑Πᆍ
࢐ӵყΰࡸѡᗤȂᒵᐅ о“ყаᘲ។แԒ”໠ం

ყ 10.33 ໠ం Eye of GNOME

ყ 10.34 Eye of GNOME

 10.2 StarDictȞ࢑ሬឍдȟɯԁҢ‫ޟ‬ᙚឍ೺ᡝ 10-19

10.2 StarDict Ğ‫ޑ‬ᄬᚍ̴ğůЁ΢‫ڟ‬ᕚᚍ௺᝝

1.Ԋ၆ StarDict
$ sudo apt-get install stardict

2.໠ం StarDictȂᔖҢแԒ--> ߣ឴ᔖҢแԒ--> ࢑ሬឍд

ყ 10.35 StarDict

10.2.1 Ԋ၆Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬ
‫ ڗ‬StarDict ᆩમήၷԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬਰȈ
http://stardict.sourceforge.net/Dictionaries_zh_TW.php

ᒵᐅձད၆‫ޟ‬ԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬȂ଄ுήၷ़ᅕԅ‫ڷڐ‬ᅕ़ԅ‫ڐ‬ȂΙଔԊ၆ϗԤҢȄ
10-20 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.36 ήၷԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬ

ήၷӱ‫ࡣپ‬ӵ /usr/share/stardict/dict ၌ᔆᕻȂ‫ڍ‬এᔬਰ഍ौ঻Ȅ

$ sudo cp / ‫ࠢڗ‬ᚾࢬ‫ؾڇ‬ᙕ/‫ࠢڗ‬ᚾ.tar.bz2 /usr/share/stardict/dict/
၌ᔆᕻȂΙኺ‫ڍ‬এᔬਰ഍ौȄ
$ cd /usr/share/stardict/dict/ ; sudo tar jxvf ‫ࠢڗ‬ᚾ.tar.bz2
௥๿໠ం StarDictȂณࡣᒵᐅѡήُ‫ޟ‬᜝‫ڐ‬ᆓ౩Ȃџоࣼ‫़ڗ‬ᅕԅ‫ڷڐ‬ᅕ़ԅ
‫ڐ‬Ȃ഍Ԋ၆ԁΟȄ

ყ 10.37 ంҢԅ‫ڐ‬ᔬ
 10.2 StarDictȞ࢑ሬឍдȟɯԁҢ‫ޟ‬ᙚឍ೺ᡝ 10-21

ณࡣᒯΣ़МԅࣼࣼȂ࢐֏Ԥᙚឍுю‫پ‬ȄषϚ՗‫ޟ‬ၗ஠ StarDict १໠Ȅ

ყ 10.38 กၐԅ‫ڐ‬

StarDict Ԥ‫ڥ‬ຠ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃζ൷࢐ᇳѫौӵМԅΰҢྤჃᒵ‫ڥ‬Ȃ൷ོю౪։ਢᙚឍȄ

ყ 10.39 ‫ڥ‬ຠ

10.2.2 Ԋ၆Ρᖐีॱᔬ
ӑήၷघ 80 MB ‫ॱีޟ‬ᔬ
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/stardict/WyabdcRealPeopleTTS.tar.bz2?download

ήၷӱ‫ࡣپ‬၌໠Ȃณࡣ஠၌໠‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶ copy ‫ ڗ‬/usr/share/

$ tar jxvf WyabdcRealPeopleTTS.tar.bz2 ; sudo mv WaybdcRealPeopleTTS/ /usr/share
10-22 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

௥๿१໠ StardictȂ໠ం୑ԁ೩ۡȂณࡣӵਗ਼ଢ଼ຜๅ--> ᒵ໶--> ኆ౪ਢ൐ԅี

ॱȂ҈ϻ։џȄ

ყ 10.40 ‫ڥ‬ຠਢՌଢ଼ีॱ
Ϛႆ‫ٮ‬Ϛ࢐ؐএ൐ԅ഍Ԥีᖐ঻Ȋծ࢐லҢ‫ޟ‬൐ԅஅҏΰ഍ԤีॱȄ

10.3 ጶᏃ௺᝝
10.3.1 K3b KDE ɯ ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃ೺ᡝ
K3b ӵ Ubuntu ήႱ೩൷Ԋ၆ԁ᠅Ȋԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ؠ‬Ԥ K3b ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ፜ҢоήࡾхԊ၆Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get install K3b

џӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ኇॱ--> K3b ໠ంȂ಑Ιԩ໠ం K3b ਢȂK3b ོ୎กձ‫ޟ‬฽

ᡝȂо፡ᐌձ‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃഀ࡙Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ձԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬ᒵᐅȂџӵ೻၇‫׽؁‬Ȃ‫࢐ܖ‬ӵ K3b
໠ంࡣӵᐶᓃਢ೩ۡȄ

ყ 10.41 ೩ۡᐶᓃഀ࡙
 10.3 ᐶᓃ೺ᡝ 10-23

џоӵή७ᙢՓყ၇Ȃᒵᐅձདᐶᓃ‫ޟ‬ӎᆅ࠮ԒȂஅҏΰԤȈॱዅӎᆅȃၥਟ
ӎᆅȃၥਟ DVDȃፒᇧӎᆅȃᐶᓃ CD ࢎ჋ᔬȃᐶᓃ DVD ࢎ჋ᔬȄ

ყ 10.42 ᒵᐅདᐶᓃ‫ޟ‬ӎᆅЅᔬਰ࠮Ԓ

ᒵԁᐶᓃ࠮ԒࡣȂѫौ҈໠ձ‫ޟ‬ၥਟֶȂӵᔬਰΰᘈ‫ڍ‬ή։џёΣᐶᓃȄ

ყ 10.43 ёΣᔬਰ
10-24 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ᐶᓃ೩ۡЅ໠ۖᐶᓃ

ყ 10.44 ᐶᓃ

10.3.2 GnomeBaker Gnome ɯ ‫ۻ‬ήཱི‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃ೺ᡝ

Ԋ၆ GnomeBaker
$sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

џӵ ᔖҢแԒ --> ኇॱ --> GnomeBaker ໠ంȂ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒ‫؁‬ᙏ൐Ȃӵ

GnomeBaker ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬ӖΰȂ൷Ԥ೨ӻ‫ޟ‬ᐶᓃ࠮ԒџоᒵᐅȂᐶᓃӎᆅ‫࠮ޟ‬ԒȂၭ
K3b ৯ϚӻȄ
 10.4 Мਪ೎౩೺ᡝ 10-25

ყ 10.45 GnomeBaker

10.4 ̜प௎୩௺᝝
10.4.1 МӇᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Writer
๋ ‫ ޱ‬ӵ ቸ ਪ ਢ ζ ོ Ң OpenOffice.org Writer ‫پ‬ୈМਪ೎౩Ȅоή࢐
OpenOffice.org Writer ‫ޟ‬ѴᢎȄ
10-26 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.46 OpenOffice.org Writer

10.4.2 ၐᆗߒᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Calc

ၭ MS ‫ ޟ‬Excel ࡞჋ȂՄиђ૖ΰζ‫ؠ‬Ԥ҈‫׷‬Ԛ঻Ȋ

ყ 10.47 Openoffice.org Calc

 10.4 Мਪ೎౩೺ᡝ 10-27

10.4.3 ᙏൢᇧհ೺ᡝɯOpenOffice.org Impress

ᙏ൐ԁҢ‫ޟ‬ᙏൢ೺ᡝȂ௃ MS PowerPoint ᙽ඲ႆ‫پ‬ȂΙᘈ഍‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȂӔёΰ
Xgl ‫ޟ‬ၗȂൢ֙ਢఋᙽձ‫ޟ‬ਹ७Ȃ࢐Ϛ࢐࡞෕‫ڹ‬ȉ

Ι໠ۖζԤᙏൢᆠ᡹ȂЕᏲᇧհᙏൢȄᒵᐅौ໠ంᙟᔬ‫ཱི࢐ܖ‬ᔬȄ

ყ 10.48 ໠ཱིᔬਰ

ᒵᐅᙏൢኺԒ

ყ 10.49 ᒵᐅᙏൢኺԒ
10-28 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ᒵᐅ‫׹‬ኇаᡐ඲ПԒ

ყ 10.50 ‫׹‬ኇаᡐ඲ПԒ

໠ంᇧհᙏൢᔬ᠅Ȋ

ყ 10.51 OpenOfffice.org Impress

 10.4 Мਪ೎౩೺ᡝ 10-29

10.4.4 ࢺแყᇄყ‫ל‬ᛲᇧɯOpenOffice.org Draw

$ sudo apt-get install openoffice.org2-draw

໠ం OpenOffice.org Draw ਢȂձџоӑ໠ం OpenOffice кแԒȂӵ console

ήᒯΣ openoffice & Ȅ
$ openoffice &

ณࡣӵ໠ཱིᔬਰყԒਠ‫ޟ‬έُ࠮ࡸΙήȂᒵᛲყ൷џо໠ం OpenOffice.org
DrawȄ

ყ 10.52 ໠ం Draw
10-30 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.53 OpenOffice.org Draw

10.4.5 ПแԒጡᒮɯOpenOffice.org Math

Ԋ၆ OpenOffice.org Math
$ sudo apt-get install openoffice.org2-math

໠ం OpenOffice.org Math ਢȂձџоӑ໠ం OpenOffice кแԒȂ

ӵ console ήᒯΣ openoffice & Ȅ
$ openoffice &

ณࡣӵ໠ཱིᔬਰყҰਠ‫ޟ‬έُ‫ࡸל‬ΙήȂᒵϴԒ൷џо໠ం OpenOffice.org
MathȄ
 10.4 Мਪ೎౩೺ᡝ 10-31

ყ 10.54 ໠ం Math

OpenOffice.org Math

ყ 10.55 OpenOffice.org Math

10-32 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

10.5 PDF ᔲᛔുВ

10.5.1 Adobe Reader 7
Ԋ၆ Adobe Reader 7 оЅѴ௮
$ sudo apt-get install acroread acroread-plugins cmap-adobe-cns1

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬Adobe Reader ᡗҰϚΟРМԅ࠮Ȃ‫ڏ࢐ܖ‬т୽ড়‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮Ȃձџоӑ

apt-cache search ΙήȂԊ၆ձ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮Ȅ
ducati@X20:~$ sudo apt-cache search cmap-adobe
cmap-adobe-cns1 - CMaps for Adobe-CNS1
cmap-adobe-gb1 - CMaps for Adobe-GB1
cmap-adobe-japan1 - CMaps for Adobe-Japan1
cmap-adobe-japan2 - CMaps for Adobe-Japan2
cmap-adobe-korea1 - CMaps for Adobe-Korea1

໠ం Adobe Reader 7
ᔖҢแԒ--> ᒲϴ--> Adobe ReaderȂΙ໠ོۖ୰ձ࢐֏ӣཎ௲᠌న෡Ȃԃ
‫ݎ‬ӣཎ፜ᒵ Accept о໠ం Adobe ReaderȄ

ყ 10.56 Adobe Reader – License

 10.5 PDF ᘲ។แԒ 10-33

Adobe Reader 7

ყ 10.57 Adobe Reader 7

10.5.2 Evince ɯϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬PDF ᘲ។แԒ

໠ం EvinceȂӵ pdf ᔬΰࡸѡᗤȂᒵ о“МӇ‫پ‬ຜᏢ”໠ంȄ

ყ 10.58 ໠ం Evince
10-34 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

Evince

ყ 10.59 Evince

10.5.3 Kpdf
Ԋ၆ Kpdf
$ sudo apt-get install kpdf

໠ం KpdfȂᔖҢแԒ--> छώᛲყ--> Kpdf

ყ 10.60 Kpdf
 10.6 ᆩॲᇧհ೺ᡝɯNvu 10-35

10.5.4 Xpdf
Ԋ၆ Xpdf
$ sudo apt-get install xpdf xpdf-chinese-traditional

໠ం XpdfȂᔖҢแԒ--> छώᛲყ--> Xpdf

ყ 10.61 Xpdf

10.6 ႩࡲყѰ௺᝝ůNvu
Ԋ၆ Nvu
$ sudo apt-get install nvu

໠ం NvuȂᔖҢแԒ--> ೺ᡝ໠ี--> NvuȂΙ໠ۖ Nvu ོю౪ΙএωຜๅȂ

ၭձᇳ Nvu ໠ีΡষད‫ޣ‬ၾձԤήၷ NvuȂѫौࡸή OK ൷ོଚюΙএ ping ๝
тঈღ໥‫ޟ‬ႫသΰȂӵ೻၇ࡸ OK ൷џо᠅Ȋ
10-36 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.62 Ping Nvu Team

Nvu

ყ 10.63 Nvu

10.7 PCMan File Manager

೻࢐ PCMan σরቸ‫ ޟ‬File ManaerȂࣺ࿋ሆ߯ԁҢȂџᇳ࢐ബഠᗶωϤ᠚঍
ӒȂஈ՗ഀ࡙‫פ‬Ȅᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬PCMan File Manager Ԥϧቄ੫ᘈȈ
 10.7 PCMan File Manager 10-37

ሆ໔Ͻᇄ‫פ‬ഀ

џо၆ӵᙟᐠᏢΰ

Ϸॲᘲ។Ȟԃ Firefox Ιኺȟ

ԜԣᇄܹΣ‫ޟ‬Л௲

ᔬਰџоӵϷॲϛԜԣ

ᕻ฻᠞‫ڥ‬σ໔ၥਟֶ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢

ᔬਰᜰᖒ‫ܒ‬Лධ

ਪᡆђ૖

ᆄᆅᔬਰጡጆ‫ᙽޟ‬඲

ඪ‫ټ‬ყҰᇄҬᓃᐙ‫ޟ‬ᘲ។ПԒ

‫ ྱٷ‬FreeDesktop.org ‫ܚ‬ቸю‫ޟپ‬

ᙏዓՄԤᒑ‫ڷ‬Ψ‫ޟ‬ϭ७ȞGTK+ 2ȟ
ۢПᆩ֭ http://pcmanfm.sourceforge.net/
Ԋ၆ПԒ
ӵ /etc/apt/sources.list ёΰ
deb http://cle.linux.org.tw/candyz/Ubuntu/edgy i386/

ณࡣёΰ APT Key, ӵತᆒᐠήᒯΣ

$ wget http://cle.linux.org.tw/candyz/Ubuntu/candyz.key -O -| sudo apt-key add -

௥๿ update ‫ ٮ‬install
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install pcmanfm

ஈ՗ PCManFM
Ԋ၆ࡣџоӵᔖҢแԒ-->‫ف‬ಛώ‫ڎ‬-->PCMan ᔬਰᆓ౩แԒ‫ڗײ‬ஈ՗Ȅ
10-38 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ

ყ 10.64 PCMan File Manager

10.8 Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment

ሆѽ‫ ޟ‬Linux desktopЁLXDEΰLightweight X11 Desktop EnvironmentαȂ࢐
ҥ pcman ᇄ jserv ӫհ‫ޟ‬டਰȂᙤҥಢ၆Ι‫ٲ‬ሆѽ‫ޟ‬แԒȂඪ‫ټ‬ਹ७ཱིᒵᐅȄႱ
ӑ၆ԁΟϛМϭ७ȂԤཱིሗॱᒯΣ‫ݲ‬ȂԤ PCManX BBS ೿ጣแԒ้้ȄԊ၆П
Ԓᇄყаџо୤ՃȈ
Ң QEMU ዁ᔣ‫ޟ‬ПԒȈ
http://freesf.tw/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?viewmode=flat&topic_id=4863&forum=30

षձϐငԊ၆ԁ UbuntuȃDebianȂ‫ڏ࢐ܖ‬т Linux ‫ގ‬ҏζџо୤Ճ೻၇Ԋ၆Ȉ

http://lxde.sourceforge.net/install.html

ήყ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ၐ၆ LXDE ‫ޟ‬ኺυȂ၆ӵ IBM X20ȞPIII 600 RAM 192 MBȟᗙઍ

࢐໷‫ڹ‬Ȋ
 10.8 Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment 10-39

ყ 10.65 LXDE
10-40 ಑ 10 ണ Ι‫ٲ‬ᄂҢ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢ೺ᡝ
 ΢ Wine վઈї Windows ‫ڟ‬
ཽᐛჄുВ

11.1 wine ຅ណ
Wine ೻এॎห࢐ӵ 1993 ԑ‫ܚ‬໠ۖ‫ޟ‬Ȃҥ Bob Amstadt Ѕ Eric Youngdale ี
ଔ‫ޟ‬Ȃ࿋ߑ࢐࣏Οӵ Linux ΰџоஈ՗ Windows 3.1 ‫ޟ‬แԒȄ
ौஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬แԒ҆ሯौԤ DLL ᔬϗ՗ȂDLL ᔬ࢐ Windows ‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ৲Ȃ
ծ࢐ Windows ‫ ޟ‬DLL ᔬӻј‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ׇ‬Ӓϴ໠Ȃ‫؁‬տඪԤনۖแԒጆհ୤ՃȂ‫ܚ‬о
Лࡻ Wine ‫ޟ‬แԒ೩ॎৱ࢐ҢଛөώแϷ‫ٮݙ‬१ቸแԒȂ೻࢐࡞ᜲ‫ޟ‬ώհȂՄи
ΙོۡԤ࡞ӻᒿᇲ‫ ڷ‬bugȂWine ࣏Οौଡ Windows ΰ‫ޟ‬แԒȂ‫ܚ‬оོலலюཱི
‫ގޟ‬ҏȂWine άџоᆎ࣏ȶWine Is Not an EmulatorȷȂWine Ϛ࢐዁ᔣᏢȄϚ
ႆၗᇳӱ‫پ‬Ȃငω‫ך‬กၐႆ‫ޟ‬ཐឈȂҢ Wine ‫پ‬ເо DirectX ‫ܚ‬ቸ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛਢȂཐ
ឈШӵ Windows ΰஈ՗‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ᗙौԁȄԤΡᇳႆ Wine ൷჋࢐Ι༵ᘇπȂौᒑЙ
஠ Wine ਓԙձ൉᠍‫ޟ‬ኺυȂϚႆ Wine ‫ڏ‬ᄂϚᜲȂѫ࢐ᆩၯΰ࡞ЍԤ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ޟ‬ఀ
ᏰМണȂ഍࢐࡞ඹ༄‫ޟ‬Ȅӵ೻၇ᡱ๋‫ޱ‬ϭಝΙήȂIE ᇄ WoWȃSteam ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆๋
଄֑Ȋ
11-2 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

Wine ۢПᆩમȞhttp://www.winehq.org/ȟȈձџо‫ڗ‬೻၇ࣼࣼ Wine ‫ޟ‬

၏ಠϭಝȂоЅ Wine ‫ཱིޟ‬ᆸȄ
Wine ‫ ޟ‬.deb ᔬήၷᆩ֭Ȟ http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/archive/
index.htmlȟȈձџо‫ޢ‬௥ apt-get Ԋ၆Ȃծԃ‫ݎ‬ौ‫៳ޖ‬ᛚжࣨ፜୤Ճήএ
ω࿽‫ ޟ‬Wine ၆‫ݲ‬Ȅ
Wine џо၆ϧቄȉσഋӋձӵ Windows ΰࣼ‫ޟڗ‬லҢ೺ᡝȂ჋࢐ Officeȃ
MSNȃIEȃgames ้้‫ޟ‬഍џо၆Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоΰ Wine ‫ ޟ‬AppDB ᆩॲࣼ
ࣼȂџоӵ၇७‫ࣼࣼײ‬ձད၆‫ ޟ‬Windows programȂ၇७‫ݍޟ‬ՙઍ‫࡞ޟ‬
ӻȂྱ๿ᆩॲΰ‫ ޟ‬HOWTO ൷џо஠ Windows program ၆ଔ‫پ‬Ȅඁн࢐ ӵ
Windows ΰҢு‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ഍၆ுଔ‫پ‬ȂϚᆓ࢐ᆩॲ೩ॎȃ3D ᛲყȃแԒ೩
ॎȂ้้‫ޟ‬೺ᡝ഍૖၆঻Ȋ
Wine AppDBȞhttp://appdb.winehq.org/ȟ

11.2 ཆʰ IE
Ԥএ࡞П߯‫ޟ‬೺ᡝѩୈ IEs 4 LinuxȂџоᡱձ࡞П߯‫פ‬ഀ‫ޟ‬၆ΰ IEȂՄиσഋ
Ӌ Wine ‫ގޟ‬ҏ഍ᎌҢȂIEs 4 Linux ࢐এՌҥ೺ᡝȂ‫ٺ‬Ң GPL ௲᠌Ȃᜰܻ GPL
௲᠌џоࣼ೻၇ http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txtȂϚႆ፜‫ݧ‬ཎ IE ࢐Ԥ‫ޟ᠌ގ‬
೺ᡝȂձ҆ሯौ௥‫ڧ‬௲᠌న‫
ٽ‬ȂIes 4 Linux ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲΰԤඪᒺձȂ‫ٺ‬Ң IEs 4 Linux
Ԋ၆ӈդཌ೺‫ޟ‬೺ᡝਢȂձ҆໸࢐ϐငᗊີ‫ࡻٮ‬Ԥ Windows ‫ޟ‬௲᠌Ȅ‫ؠ‬Ԥငႆ
௲᠌‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆࢐ႂ‫ޟݲ‬ȂՄи๋‫ޱ‬ᇄ IEs 4 Linux ஠Ϛ॒ӈդ‫ޟ‬೰ӈȄ

11.2.1 IEs 4 Linux

http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/index-zh.html

http://www.microsoft.com/msdownload/ieplatform/ie/license.txt
 11.2 ၆ΰ IE 11-3

Ԋ၆ IEs 4 Linux

ӑ‫ ڗ‬http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/archive/index.htmlȂήၷശཱི‫ގ‬ҏ‫ޟ‬
Wine Ԋ၆Ȃ‫ٷ‬оήࡾхȞԃ‫ݎ‬ձѫौԊ၆ IE ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ޢ‬௥ apt-get Ԋ၆ Wine ։џȂ
षདԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ‫ ࢐ܖ‬steam ‫ޟ‬ၗȂWine ᗙौӔ patch ႆϗ՗Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ฒ‫߳ݲ‬ᜌ
‫ڏ‬т೺ᡝ࢐֏ζौ patchȂӰ๋‫ޱ‬ѫԤ၆ႆ IEȃMSNȃ៳ᛚжࣨ‫ ڷ‬steamȟȂष
ձདӣਢԊ၆ IE ‫៳ڷ‬ᛚжࣨ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ࡚ដӑ୤ՃԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ‫ޟ‬ണ࿽Ȃ஠ Wine ၆
ଔ‫پ‬ȄौҢ IEs 4 Linux ၆ IE, ҆ሯौӑ၆ΰ Wine оЅ cabextractȄ
1. ၆ΰ Wine

ӵ೻၇џо‫ޢ‬௥ apt-get Ԋ၆Ȃ‫ڗ࢐ܖ‬ΰ७๝‫ ޟ‬.deb ᔬήၷԊ၆Ȅ

$ sudo apt-get install wine
$ sudo dpkg -i wine_VERSION.deb

ᗶณ apt-get ൷џоԊ၆ Wine ΟȂϚႆ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដᗙ࢐Ԋ၆ശཱི‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬WineȄ

2. ၆ΰ cabextract

$ sudo apt-get install cabextract

11.2.2 ήၷ IEs 4 Linux

http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/download.html

၌໠ IEs 4 Linux

$ tar zxvf ies4linux-VERSION.tar.gz

VERSION ࡾ‫࢐ޟ‬ձ ies4linux ‫ގޟ‬ҏ঻Ȋ

3. Ԋ၆ IEs 4 Linux

$ cd ies4linux-VERSION/ ; ./ies4linux

௥๿ོю౪ඁএωᒵ໶Ȉ
IE 6 will be installed automatically.
Do you want to install IE 5.5 SP2 too? [ y / n ]
11-4 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

And do you want to install IE 5.01 SP2? [ y / n ] # ຍࠟଡᙇႈຟऴ൷ਊ Enter

IEs can be installed using one of the following locales:
EN-US PT-BR DE FR ES IT NL SV JA KO NO
DA CN TW FI PL HU AR HE CS PT RU EL TR
Default is . Hit enter to keep it or choose a different one:
TW # ᙁԵ TW (‫ؘ‬ᏁՕᐊ )

By default, I will install everything at /home/ducati/.ies4linux

I will also install Flash 9 plugin and create Desktop shortcuts.
Is that ok for you? (To configure advanced options type n) [ y / n ]
#ਊՀ Enter, IEs 4 LinuxᄎՀሉࠀ‫ڜ‬ᇘ ࢬᏁऱᚾூΖ
IE

೻ኺ൷Ԋ၆‫ׇ‬ԙ᠅ȊՄиџоӵਹ७ΰࣼ‫ ڗ‬IEs 4 Linux ‫ޟ‬ყҰ

ყ 11.1 IE ყҰ
 11.2 ၆ΰ IE 11-5

ంଢ଼ IE

ყ 11.2 џо‫ޢ‬௥ࣼԤ Flash ‫ޟ‬ᆩમ

ࣼ IE only ‫ޟ‬ᆩમ

ყ 11.3 IE only ‫ޟ‬ᆩમ

11-6 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

11.3 ΢ Wine վཆʰѱ‫ڟ‬ᛳᗚ̶ߨ

ձ‫ࣼؠ‬ᒿȂ៳ᛚжࣨ‫ޟޟ‬ጂጂџоӵ Linux ΰ‫ޖ‬ȂՄи๋‫ޱ‬ឈுਝ૖ζШၶԁȄ
໌ Σ ғ ᚠ Ȃ џ о ӑ ‫ ڗ‬೻ এ ᆩ ॲ http://appdb.winehq.org/appview.php?!
iAppId=1922Ȃᒵᐅᎌӫ‫ގޟ‬ҏ୤ՃԊ၆Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ӵቸ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ៳ᛚжࣨϏင‫ڗཱི؁‬
1.12 ‫ގ‬ΟȂϚႆ๋‫߯ڗޱ‬ց୦۹ີᗙѫ૖ີ‫ ڗ‬1.11ȂϚႆԊ၆ΰ‫ڏ‬ᄂ഍৯ϚӻȂ
அҏΰџоᒵᐅശཱི‫ޟގ‬ᆩॲ୤ՃȂӰ࣏ Wine ོଡ๿៳ᛚжࣨເȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈौ
ᒵശཱི‫ ޟގ‬Wine Ȃ೿ patch ζོШၶཱིȂ๋‫ޱ‬ቸ೻এണ࿽ਢȂ࢐୤Ճ
http://appdb.winehq.org/appview.php?iVersionId=5606, ೻࢐ 1.12.x ‫ޟގ‬၆
‫ݲ‬Ȃᆩॲ၇Ԥ HOWTO, Ԋ၆ਢζџо୤ՃȂቸ‫࡞ޟ‬၏ಠȄᗶณ࿋ਢঐ๋‫߯ڗޱ‬
ց୦۹ີਢȂ៳ᛚжࣨ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ӎᆅѫԤю‫ ڗ‬1.11 ‫ގ‬ȂϚႆ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȋࣼ 1.12.x ‫ޟ‬
ᆩॲԊ၆ζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ၆ԁ៳ᛚжࣨࡣȂᡱѺՌϏ‫ཱི؁‬൷ԁΟȄϚႆ໠ۖࠉ፜୤Ճ
಑ϲണȂ஠ձᡗҰњ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ၆ԁȄоήϞජक़о wine-0.9.22 ‫ٽ࣏ގ‬ȂՍܻ
ཱི‫ގޟ‬ҏȂҥܻ‫ཱི؁‬ഀ࡙࡞‫פ‬ȂϚَுᎌҢਪϛඪ‫ޟڗ‬ПԒȄ

ყ 11.4 ៳ᛚжࣨ HOWTO

 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-7

11.3.1 ጡឍձட឴‫ޟ‬ Wine

಑Ι؏ build-dep

೻Ι؏࢐Ιۡौ‫঻ޟ‬ȊӰ࣏ौጂ้߳Ιή Wine џоጡឍԙђ໷ցԊ၆Ȅ

$ sudo apt-get build-dep wine

௥๿ࣼΙή gcc ࢐Ϛ࢐Ԥ၆ΰўΟȂᔖ၎ོю౪჋೻ኺ‫ގޟ‬ҏଉ਀

$ gcc --version
ducati@ubuntu:~$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20060928 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.1-13ubuntu4)
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

಑Π؏ get Wine source

$ apt-get source wine

ӵ೻၇ौ଄ு঻Ȋӵ঺এҬᓃή get source, ήၷӱ‫ ޟپ‬source code ൷ӵ঺Ȅ

჋๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ࢐ѪѴӔ࡚এҬᓃ wine-patch-build.debȂณࡣϗӵ၇७ get source, ೻
ኺШၶП߯ᆓ౩Ȃ‫׺‬ή‫ོࡣپ‬ՌϏ၌ᔆᕻȂོӻএҬᓃȂԃ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ‫׺‬ή‫ޟپ‬
source ࢐ 0.9.22 ‫ގ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оོԤএ wine-0.9.22 ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȂ‫ڏ‬тᗙԤέএᔬਰȄຝȈӵ
೻၇ौ‫ݧ‬ཎȂ‫׺‬ή‫ ޟپ‬source Ϛَு࢐ 0.9.22 ‫ގ‬ȂζԤџ૖࢐‫ޟཱི؁‬Ȅ
಑έ؏ ҈ΰ patch

ձџо஠ steam ‫៳ڷ‬ᛚжࣨ‫ ޟ‬patch Ιଔ҈ΰ঻Ȋ steam ‫ ޟ‬patch Ȃ

http://bugs.winehq.org/attachment.cgi?id=3432&action=viewȂ‫ޢ‬௥ήၷ‫ٮ‬Ԇ
ԙ steam.diff Ȃ ௥ ๿ ࢐ ៳ ᛚ ж ࣨ ‫ ޟ‬patch Ȃ http://stu.phys.ncku.edu.tw/
~tux1/wine-wow-0.9.21.diffȂஅҏΰ೻এ patch ࢐๝ nvidia ᡗҰњවа‫ ޟ‬user
Ң‫ޟ‬Ȃᗶณ࢐ 0.9.21 ‫ ޟ‬patch Ϛႆ 0.9.22 ΙኺᎌҢȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐ ATI ‫ڏܖ‬тኅถ
џоϚҢ၆ȄՄ೻‫ڍ‬এ patch ᔬȂौܹ‫ڗ‬ձতϗ‫׺‬ή‫ ޟپ‬wine-0.9.22 Ҭᓃ၇Ȃ
‫ٮ‬ӵ wine-0.9.22 Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ήᒯΣоήࡾхȄ
ducati@ubuntu:~/program/wine-patch-build.deb/wine-0.9.22$ patch -p1 <
wine-wow-0.9.21.diff
patching file dlls/winex11.drv/opengl.c
11-8 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

ducati@ubuntu:~/program/wine-patch-build.deb/wine-0.9.22$ patch -p1 <

steam.diff
patching file dlls/mshtml/htmltextcont.c

҈ΰ patch ࡣӑ‫׽‬Ιή changelogȂџо‫׽‬σΙ‫ڍ‬এ‫ގ‬ҏȂ೻ኺձӵ‫ཱི؁‬ৈӇ

‫ޟ‬ਢঐ Wine ϗϚོೝᇐ௬ȂӰ࣏ೝᇐ௬࡞ബྮȂ‫ר‬ঈՌϏጡ‫ ޟ‬Wine ࢐Ԥငႆ
patch ‫ޟ‬Ȃ୅ԃೝᇐ௬‫ޟ‬ၗȂ៳ᛚжࣨџ૖൷Ϛ૖‫ޖ‬ΟȂРࡣ៳ᛚжࣨζོ‫ཱི؁‬Ȃ
‫࢐ܖ‬юၥਟаζΙኺ࢐৯Ϛӻ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆П‫ݲ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо୤Ճ 11.3 ണ࿽‫ޟ‬಑
Ιএᆩ֭Ȃ‫پ‬၆‫ڏ‬т‫ގ‬ҏ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨȄchangelog ӵ wine-0.9.22/debian ၇७Ȃ
ձџоҢ gedit ‫پ‬ጡᒮȄ
ducati@ubuntu:~/program/wine-patch-build.deb/wine-0.9.22/debian$ gedit
changelog

ྥ৵ലรԫ۩ऱठ‫ء‬ᒳᇆΔ‫ޏ‬Օԫࠟଡᑇ‫ڗ‬Δ‫ء଺ڕ‬ऱਢ 0.9.22 ‫ ګޏ‬0.9.24

wine (0.9.24-0ubuntu1) edgy; urgency=low

* New upstream release (from upstream)

The usual assortment of MSI improvements.
.... ‫א‬Հઊฃ
಑Ѳ؏ build package

Ιኺ࢐ӵ wine-0.9.22 ҬᓃήȂ೻এႆแོ߆ᢍӻਢ໢‫ޟ‬Ȃ፜ञЖ้࡟Ȅ

$ sudo dpkg-buildpackage

ጡԁ‫ ޟ‬.deb ᔬོԤѲএȂོю౪ӵ wine-0.9.22 ‫ޟ‬ΰΙቹҬᓃ၇Ȅ

಑Ϥ؏ ၆ΰ Wine

ӑ‫ ڗ‬wine-0.9.2.2 ‫ޟ‬ΰΙቹҬᓃȂձџоࣼ‫ڗ‬ԤѲএ .deb ᔬȂՄи഍࢐ 0.9.24

‫ޟގ‬Ȃ഍‫װ‬Ѻ၆ΰў֑Ȋ
$ sudo apt-get install *.deb

11.3.2 ࡚ҳ .wine ၥਟֶ

$ winecfg
 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-9

೻এࡾхџоѩю wine ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ

ώ‫ڎ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬иӵձ‫ޟ‬ড়Ҭᓃή࡚ҳ
Ιএ .wine , ၥਟֶ၇७ོѓ֤
Ԥ “drive_c” ҬᓃȂณࡣ drive_c
၇७άོԤ “Program Files”,
“windows” ೻‫ڍ‬এҬᓃȂζ൷࢐
ᇳ “drive_c” ൷ ้ ӣ ܻ ࢐
Windows ၇७‫ ޟ‬ȶc:\ȷȄ

ყ 11.5 Wine Configuration

11.3.3 ήၷԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ ޟ‬ᔬ dll

ณ ࡣ ஠ Ԋ ၆ ៳ ᛚ ж ࣨ ‫ ܚ‬ሯ ौ ‫ ޟ‬dll ᔬ Ȃ ή ၷ ‫ ڗ‬ձ ড় Ҭ ᓃ ή

‫ ޟ‬.wine/drive_c/windows/system32 ೻এҬᓃ၇ȂӓԤέএȄ
mfc42.dll : http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/dll-files.shtml?mfc42
11-10 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

ყ 11.6 ήၷ mfc42.dll

riched20.dll : http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/dll-files.shtml?riched20

ყ 11.7 ήၷ riched20.dll
 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-11

riched32.dll : http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/dll-files.shtml?riched32

ყ 11.8 ήၷ riched32.dll

11.3.4 ໠ۖԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ
ӎᆅаܹΣࡣོю౪ӎᆅ၇‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ௥๿ӵ Installer.exe ΰࡸѡᗤȂ‫ٮ‬ᒵᐅȶо
Wine Windows Emulator ໠ంȷȄ‫࢐ܖ‬Ң console ‫ ڗ‬/media/cdrom0 Ȃᗙ࢐
/media/cdorm1 ၇७ᒯΣ wine Installer.exeȄ
11-12 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

11.3.5 ៳ᛚжࣨԊ၆แԒ

ყ 11.9 ໠ۖԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ

ࡸήўࡣौ้Ι‫ٲ‬ਢ໢Ȃϗོю౪Ԋ၆ห७ȂϚौо࣏࢐࿋௬Ο঻Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬ઍ‫ޟ‬
࡞δᗙ࢐໠Ϛଔ‫پ‬Ȃ൷१ཱི໠ᐠӔၐΙԩȄ௥๿ོю౪‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ӫघȂϚႆ഍࢐༄
ጆȂ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽ԃ‫ݎ‬ձᗙ࢐ӣཎ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ࡸήў֑Ȅ

ყ 11.10 ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ӫघ
 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-13

௥๿ོ୰ձौԊ၆ӵ঺এҬᓃȂҢႱ೩‫ޟ‬൷՗Ο‫ޢ‬௥ࡸԁȂծ࢐ौ‫ݧ‬ཎձ‫ޟ‬฽
ᆅު໢ஊϚஊȂԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ߳ᓎΙᘈȂശЍζौ 5.5 GBȄ

ყ 11.11 Ԋ၆Ҭᓃ

Ӕ‫پ‬൷࢐ᅞߝ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ႆแȂՍЍζौјωਢ֑Ȋ

ყ 11.12 ғӵԊ၆
11-14 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

Ԋ၆ԁོю౪ឌ֙Ȃᇳ࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥٗஊ‫ުޟ‬໢Ȃԃ‫ުݎ‬໢ᗙஊ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷տ౩ѺࡸԁȄ

ყ 11.13 ឌ֙Ԋ၆ު໢

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձӑࠉϏငԤӑጂᇯႆ฽ᆅު໢σωȂ٥ቄ‫ޢ‬௥ࡸήԁ։џȄ

ყ 11.14 ៳ᛚжࣨԊ၆‫ׇ‬ԙ
 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-15

௥ή‫ཱིپ‬ቨΙή೩ۡᔬȄ

11.3.6 ೩ۡо OpenGL ໠ంၽᔛ

ौӔ೩ۡΙή೩ۡᔬȂᡱ៳ᛚжࣨҢ OpenGL ‫ޟ‬዁Ԓஈ՗แԒȄ
$ gedit ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/World\ of\ Warcraft/WTF/Config.wtf

ຮΰоή೩ۡ
SET gxApi "opengl"
SET ffxDeath "0"

11.3.7 ॱਝ೩ۡ
ԃ‫ؠݎ‬Ԥॱਝ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӔёΰή७‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄Ȅ
SET SoundOutputSystem "1"
SET SoundBufferSize "150"

‫࢐ܖ‬
SET SoundBufferSize "232"

ࣼࣼձ‫ॱޟ‬ਝњ࢐Ϛ࢐Ԥೝ‫ڗ׺‬
$ lspci |grep Multimedia

0000:00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM

(ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC' 97 Audio Controller ( rev 02 )

ձ‫ॱޟ‬ਝњϚَுၭ๋‫ޟרޱ‬Ιኺ঻Ȅ

11.3.8 3D ёഀ
௥ή‫پ‬൷กၐࣼࣼ 3D ёഀԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥంଢ଼
$ glxinfo | grep rendering
direct rendering: No
11-16 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

೽லџ૖ོ‫ؠ‬ԤȂ٥࢐Ӱ࣏ .wine ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձ҆ሯौ१ཱིంଢ଼ gdm , ೻ኺ

direct rendering ϗོంଢ଼ᡐԙ Yes, ԃ‫ݎ‬೻၇࢐ Yes ‫ޟ‬ၗȂձџо‫ޢ‬௥ᘈਹ७ΰ
‫ޟ‬ყҰంଢ଼៳ᛚжࣨȄ
$ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop

೻ਢོѫԤМԅϭ७ȂᒯΣழဴ஝ጆࡣȂӵ console ήᒯΣ startx

$ startx

ณࡣ‫ڹ‬Ӕ໠ం console, ᒯΣ
$ glxinfo | grep rendering
direct rendering: Yes

೻ኺ direct rendering ൷ོᡐԙ Yes ᠅Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ᗙ࢐ No ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥фߒձ‫ޟ‬ᡗҰ

њ៮ଢ଼แԒџ૖࢐‫ؠ‬၆ԁȂ‫ ࢐ܖ‬3D ёഀ‫ؠ‬Ԥంଢ଼Ȃџо୤Ճ಑ϲണԊ၆Ȅ

11.3.9 ంଢ଼៳ᛚжࣨ
೻ਢঐ൷џоҢਹ७ΰ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨωყҰంଢ଼Ȃ‫࢐ܖ‬ӵ console ήᒯΣȈ
$ wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/World\ of\ Warcraft/WoW.exe

ყ 11.15 ៳ᛚжࣨంଢ଼ყҰ
 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-17

‫ݠ‬፬‫ׇ‬໠ൟଢ଼หࡣȂ‫ٮ‬ӣཎശತҢИ೨џ‫ڞ‬ដ‫݈ڷ‬୛న෡ࡣȂ൷ོю౪ิΣห
७୨Ȅ

ყ 11.16 ៳ᛚжࣨิΣห७

ήၷ‫ٮཱི؁‬१ཱིంଢ଼

ყ 11.17 ήၷ‫ཱི؁‬
11-18 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

ณࡣོю౪ኸഡήၷแԒȂήၷ‫ ཱི؁‬patch ᔬϛ

ყ 11.18 ኸഡήၷแԒ

ήၷ‫ࡣׇ‬໠ۖ‫ཱི؁‬Ӵყᔬᇄ‫ڏ‬тᔬਰϛ

ყ 11.19 Blizzard Updater

௥๿ོю౪ Gecko Installer, ᒵᐅ Install Ԋ၆

ყ 11.20 Gecko Installer

 11.3 Ң Wine ‫پ‬၆ΰձ‫៳ޟ‬ᛚжࣨ 11-19

௥๿ࡸή໠ۖၽᔛȂϚႆᗙौӔ‫ཱི؁‬Ιԩϗџо‫ޖ‬Ȅ

ყ 11.21 ໠ۖၽᔛ

ณࡣᒯΣ‫ׇ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆࡣȂ൷џо໠ۖӵ៳ᛚжࣨϛ‫ی‬Ⴛ୨Ȋyeah!

ყ 11.22 ၽᔛห७
11-20 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

ϚႆӰ࣏ Wine ᗙ࢐Ԥ bugȂ‫ܚ‬оӵၽᔛϛҢ scimȃgcin ᒯΣϛМོԤ୰ᚠȂ

‫ܚ‬о‫៳ޖ‬ᛚਢ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដձџоӑ၆ oxim ෇ҢȄ oxim .deb ᔬήၷᆩ֭Ȉ
ftp://140.111.128.66/odp/OXIM/Distribute/Ubuntu/ Ȃ ፜ ή ၷ Ȉ
oxim_1.1.1-0ubuntu1_i386.debȃ oxim-gtk2-immodule_1.1.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb ೻
‫ڍ‬এৈӇӱ‫پ‬Ԋ၆։џȂ‫ڏ‬тৈӇџо၆ζџоϚ၆Ȅ
Ԋ၆ oxim

$ sudo dpkg -i oxim_1.1.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i oxim-gtk2-immodule_1.1.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb

Ң im-switch ంҢ oxim

$ im-switch -s oxim

௥๿ิюิΣࡣȂ൷џоӵ៳ᛚжࣨϛᒯΣϛМΟ

ყ 11.23 ᒯΣϛМ
 11.4 Ң Wine Ԋ၆ Steam 11-21

11.4 ΢ Wine Њཆ Steam

அҏΰԊ၆ Steam ‫؏ޟ‬᡽Ȃ഍‫ڷ‬Ԋ၆៳ᛚжࣨ৯ϚӻȂӵԊ၆៳ᛚжࣨ‫ޟ‬ണ
࿽ਢȂԤᇳ݂ࡩቄ஠ Steam ‫ ޟ‬patch ๝Ԋ၆ΰўȄࡸྱ‫ׇ‬ΰ७‫؏ޟ‬᡽၆ԁ Wine
Ѕ IE ࡣȞӰ࣏Ԋ၆ Steam ਢȂሯौҢ‫ ڗ‬Mozilla ActiveX control , Մ‫ר‬ঈӵԊ၆
IE ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ོՌଢ଼၆ԁΟȟȂΰ७‫؏ޟ‬᡽഍ୈԁΟоࡣȂ߯ήၷ Steam ‫ܚ‬ሯौ
‫ޟ‬ԅ࠮ᔬ tahoma.ttfȂ೻এԅ࠮࢐ѓ֤ӵ Microsoft core fontsȂձџо௃ձғ‫ގ‬
‫ ޟ‬XP ၇਌ႆ‫پ‬ҢȂ‫࢐ܖ‬Ң google search Ιή tahoma.ttf keywordȂӟຫϛ಑
Ι๋ၥਟ၇൷‫ײ‬ு‫ڗ‬Ȃ‫~ ڗܹٮ‬/.wine/drive_c/windows/fonts/ ҬᓃήȂ൷џо
໌՗Ԋ၆᠅Ȋ
᠞ ‫ ޱ‬џ о ୤ Ճ http://www.linux-gamers.net/modules/wiwimod/index.php?
page=HOWTO%20Steam

11.4.1 Steam кแԒήၷ

ձџо‫ ڗ‬http://www.socgame.com.tw/ ೻এᆩમ‫ڗײ‬Ȃkeyword steamȄή
ၷӱ‫ޟࡣپ‬ᔬਰӪᆎȂᔖ၎ौ࢐ SteamInstall.exeȄ
Steam кแԒ : http://www.socgame.com.tw/gogogo.php?fid=58&url=1
Ԋ၆ Steam

ӑ‫ڗ‬ձήၷ Steam кแԒ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃήȂᒯΣ

$ wine SteamInstall.exe
11-22 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

ᒵᐅ़МԊ၆

ყ 11.24 ᒵᐅ़МԊ၆

࢐֏ӣཎ௲᠌

ყ 11.25 ࢐֏ӣཎ௲᠌
 11.4 Ң Wine Ԋ၆ Steam 11-23

ϛ໢౱ႆȂӔ‫پ‬ᒵᐅԊ၆ҬᓃȂႱ೩‫ޟ‬൷џоΟ

ყ 11.26 ᒵᐅԊ၆Ҭᓃ

Ιኺᒵ़М

ყ 11.27 ᇭِ
11-24 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ

໠ۖԊ၆

ყ 11.28 ໠ۖԊ၆
Ԋ၆ Steam ϛ

ყ 11.29 Ԋ၆ϛ
Steam ‫ཱི؁‬

ყ 11.30 ‫ཱི؁‬ϛ
 11.4 Ң Wine Ԋ၆ Steam 11-25

௥ή‫پ‬൷ࣼ᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃ࢐֏ौཱི࡚ழဴȂ‫ޢ࢐ܖ‬௥ิΣΟ

ყ 11.31 ཱི࡚ழဴ‫ޢܖ‬௥ิΣ

ҥ๋ܻ‫ޱ‬Й᜞‫ؠ‬Ԥ cs ‫ ޟ‬cd keyȂ‫ܚ‬оฒ‫ݲ‬ඪ‫ ټ‬CS ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛห७Ȃ༉ԪमᅇȄ

11-26 ಑ 11 ണ Ң Wine ‫پ‬ஈ՗ Windows ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛᇄแԒ
 Linux ཽᇅ౟

።ᇳ Linux ‫ؠ‬ԤၽᔛΛ‫ڏ‬ᄂ Linux џо‫ޟޖ‬ၽᔛ࡞ӻȂଶΟ Linux ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛȂ

‫ڏ‬ᄂζԤ࡞ӻ windows ၽᔛี՗ Linux ‫ގ‬ҏȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈEnemy TerritoryȄՄ‫ٱ‬ᄂΰ
Linux ζԤ዁ᔣᏢџо‫ޖ‬ȂϚႆӰ࣏೻এണ࿽࢐ Linux Games Δ‫ܚ‬оӵ೻၇൷ӑ
Ϛϭಝ᠅Μ٥ቄӵձ໠ۖᎧ᠞೻এണ࿽ࠉȂ࡚ដձџоӑ୤Ճ಑ϲണȂ஠ᡗҰњ
‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ၆ԁȂоጂ߳ၽᔛџо໷ցஈ՗Ȅ
12-2 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

12.1 PPracer 3D Ă όᖶ຤డ

೻෡ 3D ӌᚶྤഡȂ຺џདྷ‫ޟ‬ωӌᚶȂ࢐ Linux ΰ‫ޟ‬ՂၽᔛΟȂζџоҢ‫پ‬ก
ၐձ‫ ޟ‬3D ёഀȄ
Ԋ၆ПԒ
$ sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer

໠ం PPracer
ӵ console ήᒯΣ
$ ppracer

ყ 12.1 PPracer
 Ȃ ‫ޟ‬ωӌᚶᗉٙ
12.2 Tuxkart 3D 12-3

12.2 Tuxkart 3D Ă ‫ˉڟ‬όᖶᓉՙ

೻এζ࢐຺џདྷ‫ޟ‬ՂၽᔛȂԤፐ‫ږ‬ၰ‫ݖ‬ȂᗙԤЬጐࣕџৢ঻Ȋ
Ԋ၆ПԒ
$ sudo apt-get install tuxkart

໠ం Tuxkart
$ tuxkart

ყ 11.2 Tuxkart

12.3 Supertux Ăය঻ၴ୫ĉය঻όᖶĊ

ωਢঐΙۡ‫ޖ‬ႆ຺઻ᅴ౫֑ȉ Linux ήԤ຺઻ӌᚶȂ‫ޖ‬ଔ‫پ‬ΙۡϚ५ҡȂζџ
оᡐσ‫ڷ‬ҵЬ౨঻Ȅ
12-4 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

Ԋ၆ПԒ
$ sudo apt-get install supertux

ంଢ଼ Supertux
џоӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ၽᔛ--> SuperTuxȂంଢ଼঻Ȋ‫࢐ܖ‬ӵ console ంଢ଼Ȅ
$ supertux

ყ 12.3 SuperTux

12.4 Armagetron Ăᘸѭ௳ࡵௐ‫ ڟ‬3D ሣʰཽᐛ

ၽᔛП‫࢐ݲ‬ٙυଔເࡣȂ൷ོ‫ݼ‬๿ձເю‫ޟ‬ၯጣ౰ҡ൜ᕓȂณࡣौ‫װ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᄇЙ
൜՞൷ថΟȂϚႆᄇЙ഍࡞஼Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏၐ‫ޖ‬ΙήȂᗙᢍञ‫ޟޖ‬Ȅ
Ԋ၆ПԒ
$ sudo apt-get install armagetron

ంଢ଼ Armagetron
џоӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ၽᔛ--> ArmagetronȂంଢ଼Ȅζџоӵ console ήᒯΣ
 Ȃ ጣΰᏽٙၽᔛ
12.5 bzflag 3D 12-5

$ armagetron

ყ 12.4 Armagetron

ᐇհПԒ࢐о zȃx ‫پ‬௡‫ڙ‬ПөȄ

12.5 bzflag 3D Ă ሣʰዽՙཽᐛ

೻এᢍԤ፸‫ޟ‬ȂϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬ϚЊོ‫ޖ‬Ȃԁ჋࢐ौ཭ᄯυȂณࡣᗙौ‫װ‬ᄇЙཆ௬Ȃ
ϚЊԁΰЙȂԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џоၐၐ঻Ȋ
Ԋ၆ПԒ
$ sudo apt-get install bzflag

ంଢ଼ bzflag
џоӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ၽᔛ--> bzflagȂంଢ଼Ȅ‫࢐ܖ‬ӵ console ήᒯΣ
$ bzflag
12-6 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

ყ 11.5 bzflag

Ă
12.6 Tremulous 3D Online FPS
12.6.1 Tremulous ᙏϭ
೻࢐Ιএ‫ٺ‬ҢȮႪડϞᚎȯȞQUAKE3ȟЕᔝ‫ܚ‬ᇧհ‫ ޟ‬GAMEȂӣਢζ࢐Ռҥ
೺ᡝȂ๋‫ޱ‬ၐ‫ޟޖ‬๖‫ݎ‬ᗙϚᒿȂห७࡞ᅔ߫‫ޖ‬ଔ‫پ‬ζ࡞໷Ȃശ१ौ‫࢐ޟ‬џоΰ
Internet ‫ޖ‬Ȅၽᔛ‫ٱ࢈ٱޟ‬धශ๋‫ޱ‬Ϛ࢐࡞఼ཿȂϚႆ‫ݲޖ‬ၭ cs ᢍ჋‫ޟ‬ȂΙ໠ۖ
ौᒵᐅौ࿋ human ‫ ࢐ܖ‬alienȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձᒵ‫ ࢐ޟ‬humanȂ٥ᗙོԤ‫ڍ‬এᒵ໶Ȃ಑Ι
এ࢐༅ռџоΙ‫ޢ‬మ alienȂณࡣີΙஂԤ‫ݡ܏ޟؠޟ‬ᏢȂζџоີॴ՗Ꮲӵު
ϛॴȂ಑Πএ࢐ώռџоӵՌড়ᇐᐠᅁȂᚂᕛમ้้Ȅalien ζ࢐Ιኺџоᒵ‫ڍ‬
এȂՄ alien ᔖ၎࢐మູӻΡȂ൷ོᡐு‫؁‬஼‫؁‬σହȂζԤϷᙫᆍȂζџоᒵᐅ
ώᙫȂᇐΙ‫ٲ‬჋σ߯Ιኺ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȄ
 Ȃ
12.6 Tremulous 3D Online FPS 12-7

12.6.2 Ԋ၆ Tremulous

П‫ݲ‬Ι
ԃ‫ݎ‬ձҢ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu Ϛ࢐ 6.10 ‫ގ‬ҏȂџо‫ ڗ‬Tremulou ‫ۢޟ‬ПᆩમȂήၷശཱི
‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ᔬȂᆩ֭ http://tremulous.net/index.php?section=filesȂᒵᐅ .run ‫ ޟ‬Linux
ஈ՗ᔬȄ
ήၷӱ‫׽ࡣپ‬Ιήᔬਰ᠌३ȂณࡣԊ၆
$ chmod +x
tremulous-1.1.0-installer.x86.run ; ./tremulous-1.1.0-installer.x86.run

௲᠌

ყ 12.6 ࢐֏ӣཎ‫᠌ڧ‬
12-8 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

ӣཎ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷џо᝷៉Ԋ၆Ȃ௥๿ོ୰ձौԊ၆ӵ঺এҬᓃ

ყ 12.7 Ԋ၆Ҭᓃ

೻၇‫ ޟ‬binary path ҢႱ೩‫ޟ‬൷џоΟ

Ԋ၆໌࡙

ყ 12.8 Ԋ၆໌࡙
 Ȃ
12.6 Tremulous 3D Online FPS 12-9

໠ۖၽᔛ

ყ 12.9 ໠ۖၽᔛ

ၽᔛห७

ყ 12.10 ၽᔛห७
12-10 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

໠ం Tremulous
ӑ‫ڗ‬ձԊ၆ Tremulous ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃήȂณࡣᒯΣ
$ ./tremulous.x86

П‫ݲ‬Π
ӵ ubuntu 6.10 ‫ގ‬ҏџ‫ޢ‬௥ apt-get
$ sudo apt-get install tremulous

џоӵ ᔖҢแԒ--> ၽᔛ> TremulousȂ໠ం TremulousȄϚႆौ଄ு໠ۖၽ

ᔛࡣȂौ፡၌‫࡙ݙ‬ȂϚณၽᔛห७ོ࡞ωȂ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ࢐፡ԙ 1280x1024Ȅ

12.7 Enemy Territory ĂႩ཯ FPS ཽᐛ

ࣺᜰᆩॲ
http://www.mrbass.org/enemyterritory/

http://www.truecombat.us/tce.php?page=downloads

ᗙԤ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬Mods џоήၷ঻Ȋ჋࢐ TC:E ζϚᒿ‫ޖ‬Ȃ‫ ڷ‬cs Ιኺ࢐਌౪ф‫ݡ‬ᏢȄ

 12.7 Enemy Territory Ȃᆩၯ FPS ၽᔛ 12-11

ყ 12.11 Enemy Territory ήၷᆩॲ

For Linux ‫ޟ‬ήၷᆩ֭

http://mirrors-av.club-internet.fr/pub/games/nofrag/returntocastlewolfenstei
n/et-linux-2.60.x86.run

‫ڗ‬ձήၷԊ၆ᔬ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃήȂ௥๿ও‫׽‬ᔬਰ᠌३Ȃᡱᔬਰџоஈ՗
$ chmod +x et-linux-2.60.x86.run

໠ۖԊ၆
$ sh et-linux-2.60.x86.run

௥๿ሯौᒯΣ root ஝ጆȂ፜᠞‫ޱ‬ӑ೩ԁ root ஝ጆȂџҢ sudo passwd root ೩ۡȄ

ყ 12.12 ᒯΣ root ஝ጆ
12-12 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ

௥ή‫ޟپ‬ᒵ໶഍ࡸ Enter ൷џоΟȂณࡣ‫ڗ‬ᒵᐅԊ၆Ҭᓃ೻এᒵ໶ȂႱ೩࢐Ԋ

၆‫ ڗ‬/usr/local/games/ ‫ۻ‬ήȂ௥๿൷џоԊ၆‫ۻڗ‬୨Ȋ

ყ 12.13 ᒵᐅԊ၆Ҭᓃ

ၽᔛห७

ყ 12.14 Enemy-Territory
 12.7 Enemy Territory Ȃᆩၯ FPS ၽᔛ 12-13

໠ంၽᔛ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐ҢႱ೩‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆Ȃ፜Ң console ‫ ڗ‬/usr/local/games/enemy-territory/ Ҭ
ᓃήȂ௥๿ᒯΣ
$ et &

୅ԃၽᔛ໌՗ϛ‫ؠ‬Ԥᖐॱ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ፜‫ ڗ‬console ήϸ඲ԙ root

$ su

ᒯΣ root ஝ጆȂ௥๿ᒯΣȈ
# echo "et.x86 0 0 direct" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss

ԃ‫ݎ‬ᗙ࢐‫ؠ‬ᖐॱȂ٥ቄ१໠ᐠࡣӔஈ՗Ιԩၽᔛ։џȄ
12-14 ಑ 12 ണ Linux ၽዅൟ
 ୏ʣᑣཌ Ubuntu Ձ஛

ौ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu Linux ‫ف‬ಛ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂ༖҆ுሯौӑ‫ޣ‬ၾ‫ف‬ಛӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ

ເႆ঺Ι‫ࢺٲ‬แȂ೻ኺӵ‫ف‬ಛю౪ᒿᇲਢȂ‫ר‬ঈџо‫ࢺྱٷ‬แყրտ‫ف‬ಛ࢐ӵ঺
၇ю౪ᒿᇲȂ‫ײٮ‬юଶᒿПਰȄ‫ܚ‬о೻Ιണོӑᙏϭ໠ᐠ‫ࢺޟ‬แȂ௥ή‫װپ‬೻‫ٲ‬
ࢺแ‫ؐޟ‬Ιএಠഋଢ଼հ਌ю‫پ‬ᖿ၌ଆ፣Ȅ

13.1 ෠ጠ޺ു
அҏΰ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬Linux ี՗‫ގ‬໠ᐠࢺแ഍৯ϚӻȂԤ‫ٲ‬৯౴‫ޟ‬ӴПџ૖࢐೩ۡᔬ
ܹည՝ညϚӣȂ‫ޱܚ‬ᆓ౩‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬แԒϚΙኺȄϚႆσᡝΰᢎ‫࢐܈‬Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻
၇‫י‬ᔗ‫ޟ‬ၗȂоࡣौᏰಬտᆍ Linux ี՗‫ގ‬ζ࢐࡞ৠܾ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
࿋ႫသႫྛ໠ంਢȂ‫ف‬ಛོ‫װ‬௡‫᠌ڙ‬ӒഋҺ๝ BIOSȂՄ BIOS ོ໠ۖᄇ฽ᡝ
հᔮࢥ‫ٮ‬иߑۖϽȄ௥ή‫ پ‬BIOS ོў‫ײ‬฽ᆅ‫ ޟ‬MBRȞMaster Boot Recordȟᆄ
ୢ‫ޟ‬໠ᐠแԒȂ‫ٮ‬иўஈ՗ѺȊҥܻ MBR ‫ޟ‬σωѫԤ 512 bytesȂӵϬЈ‫ޟ‬ፒᚕ
ᔖҢ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ฒ‫ݲ‬ӵωω‫ ޟ‬MBR ܹΰ‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ ޟ‬bootloader ໠ᐠแԒȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ Linux
ΰശலҢ‫ ޟ‬bootloader GRUB ൷ܶԙ stage 1 ‫ ڷ‬stage 2Ȃ‫ڏ‬ϛ‫ ޟ‬stage 1 ൷ܹ
ӵ MBR ΰȄ࿋ stage 1 ΰ‫ ޟ‬bootloader ௃ BIOS ‫ڥ‬ு௡‫ࡣ᠌ڙ‬ȂѺོӑ៮ଢ଼฽
ᆅȂ௥ή‫پ‬௃฽ᆅϱ‫ ڗײ‬stage 2 ‫ޟ‬แԒȂ‫ٮ‬ஈ՗ stage 2 ‫ ޟ‬bootloaderȄ
13-2 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

Stage 2 ‫ ޟ‬bootloader ஈ՗ࡣȂོӑ‫ ײ‬/boot/grub/menu.lst ў‫ڥ‬ுџҢ‫ޟ‬ਯ

Ж‫فڷ‬ಛȄ௥ή‫پ‬ᡗҰ‫ٮ‬ᡱ‫ר‬ঈᒵᐅ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ਯЖ‫׽ޱܖ‬ԙ௃ Windows XP ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬
ᒵ൐Ȅष᠞‫ޱ‬ᒵᐅంଢ଼ Linux ‫ޟ‬ၗȂѺོ‫ ྱٷ‬menu.lst ϱ‫ޟ‬ਯЖᔬਰ՝ညўၷΣ
၎ਯЖࢎ჋ᔬȂ௥ή‫پ‬၎ਯЖོ໠ۖߑۖϽ฽ᡝ‫ ྱٷٮ‬fstab ‫װ‬၎௮ၷ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅ‫ܖ‬
‫ޱ‬ӎᆅᐠ้ᔬਰ೩ര௮ၷ໌‫پ‬Ȅ
࣏Ο෵ЍਯЖσωȂԤΙ‫ٲ‬฽ᡝ៮ଢ଼แԒོጡԙ዁ಢՄϚོӒഋ༬‫ڗ‬ਯЖ၇
७ȄԪਢ‫ف‬ಛᗙԤΙ‫ٲ‬᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ៮ଢ଼Ȃ‫ܚ‬оਯЖ൷ོ‫װ‬೻‫ٲ‬฽ᡝ‫ܚ‬ሯौ
‫ޟ‬዁ಢ၆ଔ‫پ‬ȄശࡣਯЖོஈ՗ /sbin/init ೻এแԒȂ೻এแԒོ᠞‫ڥ‬
/etc/inittab ၇७‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ‫ٮ‬и໌Σ runlevel Ȃເ‫ׇ‬೻‫ ٲ‬script ࡣȂ‫ف‬ಛϐငғ
Ԓ‫ޟ‬໠ᐠ‫ׇ‬ԙΟȄ

ყ 13.1

13.2 fstab ෠ጠႄႅ૮ཷჄ UUID ๳‫ޜ‬်

࢐Ιএ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐਯЖᔖ၎ौ௮ၷ঺‫ٲ‬฽ᆅϷസୢ‫ܖ‬ӎᆅ้้‫ޟ‬೩ۡ
fstab
ᔬȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈ໠ᐠࡣདौ‫ װ‬hda1 ௮ၷ‫ ڗ‬/Ȃhda2 ௮ၷ‫ ڗ‬/home ൷࢐‫װ‬೩ۡቸ‫ڗ‬
೻এᔬਰȄ༈ಛΰ‫ר‬ঈོӵ /etc/fstab ၇७‫ޢ‬௥ࡾۡ hdaX ௮ၷ‫࢚ڗ‬এҬᓃ‫ۻ‬ήȂ
ծ࢐ӵ Ubuntu Edgy ЕΣΟ UUID ‫ཱི࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂ೻џоᡱ࢚‫ٲ‬೺ᡝ Raid ้ᔖҢϚ
ོӰ࣏࢚Ѯ฽ᆅюᒿՄᏲम฽ᆅጡဴ‫׽‬ᡐȂഅԙ Raid ‫ف‬ಛᒿᇲȊ
 13.2 fstab ໠ᐠᆄᆅ௮ၷᇄ UUID ཱི࢜ᄺ 13-3

13.2.1 ࣏դЕΣ UUID ᇄཱི‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩ПԒ

ौፙ፣ UUID Е໌‫ཱི࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂ‫ר‬ঈ༖҆ுӑྣ࢈‫ཱིޣ‬Ȅӵоࠉ೩ۡ fstab ‫ޟ‬ਢ
ঐȂσमΰԃоήጒ‫ޟٽ‬ϱৠΙኺȄӵ၎೩ۡᔬϛȂ಑Ιএួ՝фߒΟ࢚এᆄᆅ
၆ညȂ಑Πএួ՝фߒΟ၎೩ര஠ौೝ௮ၷ‫ޟڗ‬՝ညȂ಑έএួ՝фߒ၎Ϸസୢ
‫ܖ‬၆ည‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᔬਰਿԒȄശࡣӵёΰΙ‫ٲ‬௮ၷ୤ኵ‫֏࢐ڷ‬໠ᐠਢौ fsck ᔮᡛ
‫ڷ‬രӋਢौϚौ dump ‫ڗ‬Ȅ
༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬/etc/fstab ೩ۡᔬȈ
# < ᚾூߓอ> < ඀ሉរ> < ௑‫>ڤ‬ < ೶ᑇ> <dump> <pass>
/dev/hda4 / reiserfs defaults 0 1
/dev/hda3 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda6 /home reiserfs defaults 0 2
/dev/hda5 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0

ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬೩ര࢐ SCSI ‫ ޱܖ‬SATA ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ೩രфဴ࢐ sdX ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬ȂѺོ‫ٷ‬

ྱ໷‫௶ו‬ӖήўȄ࿋঺ЈԤএ೩രю౪୰ᚠਢȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ܖޱ‬೨ོӑ‫װ‬Ѻ‫ܦ‬௬Ȃ೻ኺ
೩രфဴ໷‫ו‬ϚོԤުીȂՄ࢐ҥࡣ७‫ޟ‬ሎ၄Ȅ೻ਢঐ൷Ԥσബྮ୨ȂԪਢ fstab
၇७‫ޟ‬೩ۡ൷ོ‫ڷ‬ᄂሬ฽ᡝ‫ޟ‬೩ര՝ညϚΙኺȂᏲम‫ف‬ಛฒ‫ݲ‬໠ᐠȄ‫ܚ‬о IDE ฽
ᆅϚོႄ‫ڗ‬೻ᆍ୰ᚠȂ౳തؐΙএ IDE ඨዀ഍ᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬এտ‫ޟ‬фဴȄ
๋‫ޱ‬ӵоࠉᄂሬԤႄ‫ڷڗ‬೻ᆍ୰ᚠࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲȄ๋‫ޱ‬ন‫ޟپ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ٺ‬Ң SCSI
฽ᆅȂϞࡣႄ‫ުڗ‬໢ϚٗȂծ࢐Ӱ࣏ᄂᡛࡉ‫ؠ‬Ԥٗஊ‫ޟ‬ငາȂ‫ܚ‬о‫׽‬ԙ఺ё SATA
฽ᆅȄনҏ‫ ޟ‬SCSI ฽ᆅфဴ࢐ sdaȂծ࢐ӵԪ Server ΰϚ‫ޣ‬ၾ࣏ϧঈ SATA ‫ޟ‬
ᓺӑ᠌ШၶଽȂӵ၆ΰΟ SATA ฽ᆅࡣȂনҏ‫ ޟ‬SCSI ೩രᡐԙ sdbȂՄཱི‫ ޟ‬SATA
೩രфဴ࣏ sdaȄ೻ኺ‫ف‬ಛΰ fstab ࣥՍ࢐ GRUB ၇७‫ޟ‬၆ည՝֭഍ོю౪ᒿᇲȂ
ӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ོ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ਯЖȂ‫ف‬ಛю౪ᒿᇲȊ೻ᆍ୰ᚠζԤџ૖ีҡӵ೺ᡝ
Raid ‫ف‬ಛȂ࿋Ιᗻ฽ᆅ࢈ራࡣȂष‫࢈װ‬ራ‫ޟ‬฽ᆅܶή‫ؠࡣپ‬Ԥ඲ཱི‫ޟ‬Ȃџ૖ࡣ
७‫ޟ‬฽ᆅོሎ၄ΰ‫پ‬Ȃ१ཱི໠ᐠࡣ‫ف‬ಛོо࣏ࡣ७٥Ιᗻ࢐ཱི‫ޟ‬ଲӖҢ฽ᆅȂ‫ܚ‬
о‫ف‬ಛོўওඈ Raid ‫ف‬ಛȂԪਢོᏲमೝሎ၄ΰ‫ޟپ‬฽ᆅၥਟཬྒȄ
࣏Ο၌‫ؚ‬೻ᆍ୰ᚠȂUbuntu Edgy ໠ۖЕΣΟ UUID ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȂѺོӵؐএϷസ
ୢ‫ڷ‬฽ᆅ౰ҡΙএ୲Ι‫ޟ‬ᜋտጆȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ fstab ၇७ϚӔ‫ٺ‬Ң /dev/hdaX ‫ۡࡾپ‬
13-4 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

၆ညȂՄ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң၎၆ည‫ ޟ‬UUID ࿋ԙ၆ညфဴȂ࿋ณ‫ٺ‬Ң༈ಛ‫ޟ‬ПԒζ࢐џоೝ

ϰ೨‫ޟ‬ȂՄႱ೩Ԋ၆ԁࡣ࢐௴Ң UUID ‫ޟ‬ПԒȄ
ӵ edgy ЕΣ UUID ‫ ޟ‬/etc/fstabȈ
# <ᚾூߓอ> < ඀ሉរ> <௑‫< >ڤ‬೶ᑇ> <dump> <pass>
# ࠷‫ء଺ז‬ऱ hda4
UUID=956cab3e-a68b-45c0-9350-7f0da4810e02 / reiserfs defaults 0 1
# ࠷‫ء଺ז‬ऱ hda3
UUID=633055b1-7736-42ad-a73d-8e1f59b6737a /boot ext3 defaults 0 2
# ࠷‫ء଺ז‬ऱ hda6
UUID=9bd96654-3ac0-4027-9724-d6219fa17f82 /home reiserfs defaults 0 2
# ࠷‫ء଺ז‬ऱ hda5
UUID=af7a979a-a383-441c-a865-9efab61b8cce none swap sw 0 0

‫ܚ‬оӵ Ubuntu edgy оࡣȂ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џо௴Ңཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡПԒȂ‫ޱܖ‬༈ಛ‫݂ޟ‬ጂࡾ

ۡПԒȄ࿋ณȂӵ SCSI ϭ७‫ޟ‬฽ᆅϛȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដᗙ࢐௴Ң UUID ‫ޟ‬೩ۡП‫ݲ‬Ȅ
ࢥၚ฽ᆅ‫ ޟ‬UUIDȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ls /dev/disk/by-uuid/ -lh
ฃ
( ) 633055b1-7736-42ad-a73d-8e1f59b6737a -> ../../hda3
(ฃ) 956cab3e-a68b-45c0-9350-7f0da4810e02 -> ../../hda4
(ฃ) 9bd96654-3ac0-4027-9724-d6219fa17f82 -> ../../hda6
(ฃ) af7a979a-a383-441c-a865-9efab61b8cce -> ../../hda5

᠞‫ޱ‬џоࣼ‫ڏڗ‬ᄂ೻‫ ٲ‬UUID ོ soft link ‫ڗ‬၎฽ᆅȂ‫ܚ‬оџоആႆоΰࡾх‫پ‬

ࢥၚȄष‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬฽ᆅ໷‫׽ו‬ᡐΟȂѺζོӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐՌଢ଼‫װ‬೻၇‫ޟ‬ᄇྱߒ‫؁‬
ཱིȂӰԪϚོഅԙᆄᆅጡဴᒿ༄Ȅ

13.2.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң NTFS-3G ᠞ቸ NTFS Ϸസୢ

Ⴑ೩ Ubuntu Ԋ၆ࡣȂषԤ‫ ڗ׺‬MS Windows ‫ ޟ‬NTFS ϷസୢȂོ‫ٺ‬Ң kernel
၇७ϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬ntfs module ‫៮پ‬ଢ଼ȂծҬࠉ೻এ዁ಢᗙฒ‫ݲ‬ᄇ NTFS ϷസୢհቸΣ
‫ޟ‬ଢ଼հȂᏲम‫ٺ‬ҢΰߨலϚ߯Ȅ
ശߖԤΙৈ user space ‫ ޟ‬NTFS Ϸസୢ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒೝ໠ีю‫پ‬ȂᄂሬΰѺ‫ޟ‬
໠ี‫ ڷޱ‬kernel modules ٥এ៮ଢ଼แԒ࢐ӣΙ‫׳‬ΡȄӵ user space ΰ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แ
 13.2 fstab ໠ᐠᆄᆅ௮ၷᇄ UUID ཱི࢜ᄺ 13-5

ԒШၶԁଶᒿȂζШၶϚ࣏Ӱ࣏฿ཌ‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲ൷Ᏺम‫ف‬ಛ௮ΟȂӰԪтঈϗӑ໠ี
ю user space ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȄᗶณ kernel module ོԤШၶԁ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖Ȃծ࢐໠ีᜲ
࡙ШၶଽȂৠܾӰ࣏ΙᘈแԒጆ‫ޟ‬ᒿᇲᏲमਯЖ࿋ᐠȂ‫ܚ‬отঈӑବᄇ NTFS-3G
հ໠ีȂϞࡣོಋේ‫ ڗ‬kernel module ၇७Ȅ
ӵ๋‫ޟޱ‬กၐϛȂNTFS-3G ϐငԤϚᒿ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ȂиӵРல‫ٺ‬ҢΰߨலᛧۡȂЎ
‫࢐ڏ‬ӵ᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ңᚖ‫ف‬ಛ‫ݷޑޟ‬ήȂџо࡞ৠܾ‫ޟ‬ў᠞ቸ MS Windows ‫ޟ‬ϷസୢȄ
षௌ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ࢐ՌϏጡឍ‫ޟ‬ȂོӰ࣏ીЍΟ fuse ዁ಢȂՄฒ‫ٺݲ‬ҢоήПԒԊ
၆ȂԪਢ൷ሯौ௃নۖጆԊ၆Ȅ
௃ৈӇ৲Ԋ၆ NTFS-3GȞषௌ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң Ubuntu ϱ࡚‫ޟ‬Ȃ፜‫ٺ‬Ң
೻এП‫ݲ‬ȟȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g

௃নۖ‫ݲ‬Ԋ၆ NTFS-3GȞषௌ‫ޟ‬ਯЖ࢐ՌϏጡឍ‫ޟ‬Ȃ፜‫ٺ‬Ң೻এП
‫ݲ‬ȟȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ mkdir fuse && cd fuse
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse $ sudo apt-get build-dep fuse-source
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse $ apt-get source fuse-source # Հሉ଺ࡨᒘ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse $ cd fuse-2.5.3 # ຍଡ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ױ‬౨ᄎᙟठ‫᧢ۖء‬
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse-2.5.3 $ sudo dpkg-buildpackage # ၲࡨᒳ᤟ΔՕᄗ༓։ᤪ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse-2.5.3 $ cd ..
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse-2.5.3 $ sudo dpkg -i *.deb # ‫ނ‬ଶଶᒳ᤟‫ړ‬ऱ୚ٙᇘದࠐ‫ܣ‬
dbtsai@ubuntu:~/fuse-2.5.3 $ sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g # ‫ڜ‬ᇘ NTFS-3G
௥ή‫پ‬ও‫ ׽‬/etc/fstabȂᡱ‫ف‬ಛ‫ٺ‬Ң ntfs-3g ‫پ‬௮ၷ NTFS ϷസୢȄ଄ுौӑര
ӋΙή fstab оջԤ࿲ΙমȊ
ও‫ ׽‬/etc/fstabȈ
# ‫ڶࢬނ‬௑‫ڤ‬ਢ ntfs ऱଥ‫ګޏ‬੡ ntfs-3g, ࠀ‫׊‬࿑პଥ‫ޏ‬ԫՀ৵૿ऱ೶ᑇΖ
# ‫ ࣍ط‬ubuntu ਢࠌ‫ ش‬zh_TW.UTF-8 ऱ locale, ࢬ‫א‬ಖ൓‫ף‬Ղ‫װ‬Δլྥխ֮ᄎ‫נ‬լࠐΜ
# UUID=ฃ /media/hdb1 ntfs defaults,nls=utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 1 # ‫אނڕ‬Ղ௑
‫ڤ‬ऱ๻ࡳଖΔଥ‫ګޏ‬Հ૿ऱΔ༉‫אױ‬ኙ NTFS ᐊԵԱୀΜ
UUID=ฃ /media/hdb1 ntfs-3g defaults,locale=zh_TW.UTF-8,umask=007,gid=46 0 1
13-6 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

௥ή‫پ‬१ཱི௮ၷ฽ᆅ Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo umount -a && sudo mount -a

ष१ཱི௮ၷѶఁ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџ૖࢐Ӱ࣏၎ NTFS ᆄᆅԔ࿩ϛȂषઍ‫ײޟ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬ᒲ‫ݲ‬Ȃ

џо१ཱི໠ᐠȂᔖ၎൷џо໷ցӵ NTFS ቸΣ୨Ȋ

13.3 Runlevel ࢨ୩ַ௩‫ס‬

༈ಛΰ Linux ௴Ң SysV ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩዁ԒȂ‫װ‬໠ᐠौంଢ଼‫݈ޟ‬୛࡚ҳ೺೿๖‫ڗ‬
/etc/rcX.d ਢȂ໠ᐠࡣ൷ོ‫ ྱٷ‬inittab ौؑўஈ՗Ϛӣ‫ ޟ‬runlevelȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ inittab
षۡဎ໠ᐠࡣஈ՗ runlevel 5Ȃ٥ቄ‫ف‬ಛ໠ᐠࡣོӑўເ /etc/rcS.d ϱ‫ࡾޟ‬хȂ
௥ή‫پ‬ўஈ՗ /etc/rc5.d ϱ‫ࡾޟ‬хȄӰԪӵ Linux ϛषौ໠ᐠࡣՌଢ଼ంҢ࢚এ݈
୛Ȃ‫ר‬ঈѫሯौ‫װ‬၎݈୛‫ޟ‬ஈ՗ᔬ࡚ҳΙএ೺೿๖‫ ڗ‬/etc/rcX.d ၇७ȂՄ X ൷ຜ
ௌ‫ה‬ఖӵ঺‫ ٲ‬runlevel ంҢȂ‫ٽ‬ԃѫ‫ה‬ఖӵ runlevel 5 ంҢȂ٥൷ѫሯौ࡚ҳΙ
এ soft link ‫ ڗ‬rc5.d ։џȄ၏ಠϱৠ‫ר‬ঈࡣ७ӔҢጒ‫پٽ‬ᇳ݂Ȅ
Մ೻ᆍ SysV ‫ޟ‬ПԒϐင࡞ѠՂΟȂѺѫ૖‫ྱٷ‬٥‫ ٲ‬runlevel ϱ‫ ޟ‬link ‫ྱٷ‬໷
‫ו‬Ιএ௥Ιএўஈ՗ȄծӵϬРȂԤ‫݈ٲ‬୛࢐ሯौ࢚‫ڏٲ‬т݈୛ӑంҢࡣϗ૖൷
ంଢ଼ȂӰԪ‫ר‬ঈሯौ࡞рಠ‫ ۡ௶ޟ‬runlevel ϱ‫ޟ‬ஈ՗໷‫ו‬ȄζԤ‫݈ٲ‬୛ོ‫ڷ‬฽ᡝ
ԤᜰȂծ౪ӵ։ඨ։Ңζ࡞ࢺ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈฒ‫ݲ‬Ⴑ෈໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ٥‫ٲ‬฽ᡝ൷Ӓഋ
൷ᆱȂӰԪฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ runlevel ൷៮ଢ଼ࣺᜰ݈୛Ȅ‫ٽޟ࠮ڐ‬υ൷࢐ fstabȂӵ Linux
ϛོ‫ ྱٷ‬fstab ‫ޟ‬ϱৠў௮ၷ฽ᆅ้೩രȂծ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐҐ҆၎೩രϐင၆ΰўȄ
࣏Ο၌‫ؚ‬೻ᆍ୰ᚠȂUbuntu ௃ edgy ‫ܧ‬ణΟ init ೻ᆍంҢᐠ‫ڙ‬Ȃ‫׽‬ҢΟ upstart
‫پ‬ంҢ‫ܖ‬ୄХ೻‫݈ٲ‬୛Ȅծ࢐᠞‫ޱ‬ϚҢᐊЖȂӰ࣏жࣨΰԻϷϞΞ̈Ξ‫ޟ‬ਪ഍࢐
ఀ initȂԻϷϞΞ̈Ξ‫ޟ‬Ρζѫོ‫ٺ‬Ң initȂ‫ܚ‬о Ubuntu ‫ؠٮ‬Ԥ‫ޢ‬௥ҵణ init ‫ޟ‬
೩ۡПԒȂՄ࢐ആႆ upstart ‫پ‬዁ᔣ᜸խ init ‫ޟ‬՗࣏Ȅᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳȂӵ upstart ၇७
ЕΣ‫ٱ‬Ӈ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈ၆ΰΙএཱི‫ޟ‬฽ᆅȂ൷ོ៮ଢ଼௮ၷȂՄϚ࢐ӵ໠
ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐϗོՌଢ଼௮ၷȄӰԪӨᆍ‫ڏ‬т‫݈ޟ‬୛ζ૖Ң‫ٱ‬Ӈ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬ПԒ‫پ‬ంҢȂԃ
A ݈୛ौӑంҢ B ݈୛Ȃष B ݈୛ంҢࡣȂོ౰ҡ࢐ӇȂӰԪ A ݈୛ζၭ๿៮ଢ଼
ΟȄ࿋ณ೻‫ٱٲ‬Ӈ៮ଢ଼‫ޟ‬ПԒӵ edgy ᗙҢ‫ޟ‬ϚӻȂࣺ߬Ґ‫ོپ‬ᄚᄚ‫׽‬ԙ௴Ң೻
ᆍПԒȂζџоቨё໠ᐠഀ࡙Ȃ‫ٮ‬ᡱᆓ౩‫؁‬ёৠܾȄ
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-7

٥ቄӵ upstart ࢐ԃդ዁ᔣ init ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ڹݎ‬ȉкौ upstart ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬܹӵ

/etc/event.d ၇७Ȃ‫ר‬ঈࣼΙএ࡞ᙏ൐‫ٽޟ‬υȄ

/etc/event.d/rc5 Ȉ
# rc5 - runlevel 5 compatibility
#
# This task runs the old sysv-rc runlevel 5 (user defined) scripts. It
# is usually started by the telinit compatibility wrapper.
start on runlevel-5 # ࡳᆠ ‫ڇ‬
script runlevel 5 ழച۩
stop on shutdown # ࡳᆠ script ‫ڇ‬ᣂᖲழլച۩
stop on runlevel-2 # ࡳᆠ script ‫ ڇ‬runlevel 2 ழլച۩
stop on runlevel-3
stop on runlevel-4

script
set $(runlevel --set 5 || true)
if [ "$1" != "unknown" ]; then
PREVLEVEL=$1
RUNLEVEL=$2
export PREVLEVEL RUNLEVEL
fi
exec /etc/init.d/rc 5
end script

ӵ೻এጒ‫ٽ‬ϛȂ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң upstart ‫ٱޟ‬Ӈ៮ଢ଼‫پ‬዁ᔣ runlevel 5Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬џоࣼ‫ڗ‬ӵ

ጒ‫ٽ‬ᔬϛۡဎΟषौເ runlevel 5Ȃζ൷࢐໌‫ ڗ‬runlevel 5 ೻এ‫ٱ‬ӇȂ൷໠ۖў
ເ script ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂՄ٥၇७‫ࡾޟ‬х൷ོՌଢ଼ўເ /etc/rc5.d ၇७‫ޟ‬ϱৠȄ
௥ή‫ོپ‬ᄇ༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬init ‫ف‬ಛୈ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ϭಝȂҬࠉ Ubuntu ᐌএၼհ‫ޟ‬ПԒᗙ࢐
௴Ң init ‫ࣺޟ‬ৠ዁ԒȂՄ upstart ᗶณ‫ڥ‬фΟ initȂծ࢐ඁн Ubuntu ഍ၼհӵ init
ࣺৠ዁ԒȂ‫ܚ‬о༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬init ᗙ࢐ߨல१ौ‫ޟ‬ȄՄ upstart ‫ཱིޟ‬ђ૖ᛤܻҏਪ‫ޟ‬ጕ
ൽϚஊȂёΰҬࠉ‫ٱ‬Ӈ៮ଢ଼ᗙҢ‫࡞ޟ‬ЍȂ‫ܚ‬о൷ϚӻϭಝΟȄ೻এ‫ר‬ঈ‫ה‬ఖӵή
ԩ‫ގ׽‬ਢ૖ஊ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ϭಝȞ‫ڏ‬ᄂӰ࣏࢐ upstart তЕΣȂԤഋӋনӰζ࢐Ӱ࣏ᄠ
ገਢ໢‫ޟ‬୰ᚠ୨Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬տ҈‫ר‬೿Μȟ
13-8 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

13.3.1 init.d ϱ‫ޟ‬Өᆍթ݈Ꮲ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬ

ԃӣࠉ७ඪ‫ڗ‬ΟȂ໠ᐠਢ‫ف‬ಛོ‫ ྱٷ‬inittab ўເϚӣ‫ ޟ‬runlevelȂՄӵ٥‫ٲ‬
runlevel ၇७഍ѫ࢐೺೿๖‫ ڗ‬/etc/init.d ၇७Ȅ೻ኺԤএԁ೎Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоӵϚӣ
‫ ޟ‬runlevel ӓҢࣺӣ‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬȂ‫ܚ‬оᐌএ࢜ᄺџо࡞዁ಢϽȂ‫ٮ‬и࡞ৠܾ
ўও‫׽‬Ȅ
ॶӑ‫ר‬ঈўࣼΙή /etc/init.d ၇७‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ֑Ȋ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ls /etc/init.d/
apache2 killprocs rc
apport klogd rc.local
atd linux-restricted-modules-common rcS
bittorrent makedev README
bluetooth mdadm reboot
bluetooth.dpkg-old mdadm-raid rmnologin
checkroot.sh mountnfs-bootclean.sh ssh
console-setup mysql vsftpd
hdparm portmap waitnfs.sh
x11-common
ΘΘΘ ฃ ΘΘΘ
( )

᠞‫ีོޱ‬౪Ԥ‫ڷٲ‬թ݈Ꮲࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬௡‫ڙ‬ᔬȂζԤΙ‫فٲ‬ಛ݈୛Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆ೻
Ι‫ٲ‬ᔬਰ‫پ‬௡‫ڙ‬၎݈୛࢐֏ौஈ՗Ȅџоӵ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬࡣ७ёΰ୤ኵ start ‫پ‬ంҢ݈
୛Ȃ‫ ܖ‬stop ‫پ‬ୄХ݈୛‫ ޱܖ‬restart ‫پ‬१ཱིంଢ଼၎݈୛ȄζџҢ reload ‫پ‬ѫၷΣ
ཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ң force-reload ஼फ़ၷΣཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȄ࿋ณؐএ݈୛‫ܚ‬Лධ‫ޟ‬
୤ኵϚΙۡΙኺȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫ޢ‬௥ஈ՗၎௡‫ڙ‬ᔬᗙு‫ޣ‬Ԫ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬԤЛධ঺‫ٲ‬୤ኵȄ
௡‫ڙ‬ᔬᐇհጒ‫ ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start # ඔ‫ ش‬Apache
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop # ᣂຨ Apache
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart # ૹᄅඔ೯ Apache
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ /etc/init.d/apache2 # ൓व‫ڼ‬൳ࠫᚾࢬ‫شױڶ‬೶ᑇ
Usage: /etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-9

ӵ Ubuntu ၇७ᗙԤѪѴΙএПԒ‫پ‬ంҢ‫ޱܖ‬ᜰഖӵ/etc/init.d ၇७‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȃ೻

এПԒ๋‫ޱ‬ШၶЍ‫ٺ‬ҢȂӰ࣏‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ݲ‬Ң tab ᗤ၄ቆ݈୛ӪᆎȂ‫ܚ‬о҈ଔ‫پ‬ІՄШ
ၶᄚȄծ࢐೻এПԒ‫ޢڷ‬௥ᐇհ௡‫ڙ‬ᔬ࢐‫ׇ‬Ӓ้ਝ‫ޟ‬মȊ
‫ٺ‬Ң invoke-rc.d ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
# ،‫ףאױ‬ऱ೶ᑇࡉছ૿ࠌ‫ش‬൳ࠫᚾऱֱ‫ڤ‬ઌ‫ٵ‬ୀΜ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo invoke-rc.d apache2 start # ඔ‫ ش‬Apache

13.3.2 inittab Ⴑ೩ runlevel ቹ઻

ӵ໠ᐠࡣȂ‫ف‬ಛོӑ᠞‫ ڥ‬/etc/inittab ೻এ೩ۡᔬȂ‫فؚۡ‬ಛ้Ιή໌ў঺Ιএ
runlevelȄஅҏΰ runlevel џоད჋ԙ‫ف‬ಛඪ‫࡞ټ‬ӻᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬ώհ዁ԒȂ‫ר‬ঈѫ
ौϸ඲ runlevel ൷џоເϚӣ‫ ޟ‬runlevelȄ‫ڎ‬ᡝՄِ࢐‫ר‬ঈџоӵ runlevel 5 ం
Ңყ‫ל‬ϭ७Ȃrunlevel 3 ϚంҢყ‫ל‬ϭ७Ȃ٥ቄ‫ר‬ঈџоϷտӵ /etc/rc5.d ၇७
೩ۡంҢყ‫ל‬ϭ७ȂՄӵ /etc/rc3.d ೩ۡϚంҢყ‫ל‬ϭ७ȂϞࡣ‫ר‬ঈ൷џоᓍЖ
௑ও‫ ׽‬inittab ‫ؚۡ‬ήΙԩ໠ᐠ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң঺Ιএ runlevel ୨Ȋ
runlevel Ҭᓃ ᙏϭ
0 /etc/rc0.d ᝯᑟ
1 /etc/rc1.d ඏϠጀՑ
2 /etc/rc2.d Ժ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ጀՑ
3 /etc/rc3.d Ժ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ጀՑ
4 /etc/rc4.d Ժ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ጀՑ
5 /etc/rc5.d Ժ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ጀՑ
6 /etc/rc6.d দྲ༟ᑟ
ও‫׽‬໠ᐠਢႱ೩‫ ޟ‬runlevel ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ӑԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃጡᒮ /etc/inittab ֑Ȋ
13-10 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

/etc/inittab ϱৠȈ
# /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.
# ၲᖲ৵ᄎၞԵऱ runlevel
id:2:initdefault:

ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
ԃоΰϱৠȂӵ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ ޟ‬runlevel ࢐ 2Ȃ࿋ณௌџо‫׽‬ԙտ‫ ޟ‬runlevelȊ
ծ࢐षௌ‫׽‬ԙ 6 ‫ ޱܖ‬0 ོࡩቄኺ‫ڹ‬ȉ೻ਢঐ൷ᄞ୨Ȃ‫ف‬ಛོӵ໠ᐠࡣເ runlevel 0
ณࡣάՌଢ଼ᜰᐠȂ‫ޱܖ‬१ཱི໠ᐠȊ‫ܚ‬оϚौ‫׽‬ᒿমȊ‫ڏ‬ᄂ runlevel 0 ‫ ڷ‬6 ࢐ඪ‫ټ‬
‫ف‬ಛᜰᐠ‫ڷ‬໠ᐠਢ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ȅӵ Linux ϛඪ‫ ټ‬init ೻এแԒ‫׽پ‬ᡐҬࠉ‫ف‬ಛ‫ޟ‬
runlevelȄ

‫׽‬ᡐ‫ف‬ಛ‫ ޟ‬runlevelȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo init 0 # ၞԵ runlevel 0Δ࿛ய࣍ᣂᖲ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo init 6 # ၞԵ runlevel 6Δ࿛ய࣍ૹᄅၲᖲ
ӵ RedHat ‫ف‬Ӗ้‫ڏ‬т Linux ೽ல runlevel 3 ࢐Мԅ዁ԒȂrunlevel 5 ࢐ყ‫ל‬዁
ԒȂծ࢐ӵ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩ runlevel 2 ‫ ڗ‬runlevel 5 ࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȋζ൷࢐‫ װ‬inittab ‫׽‬
ԙ runlevel 3 ‫ٮ‬Ϛོ໌ΣМԅ዁ԒȊ೻ਢঐ‫ר‬ঈ൷ौࣼΙήᄂሬΰ runlevel ‫ޟ‬ၼ
հПԒΟȄ
ᢎࣼ runlevel 2 ‫ޟ‬ၼհПԒȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ls /etc/rc2.d/ -l
ฃ
( ) S10sysklogd -> ../init.d/sysklogd
ฃ S11klogd -> ../init.d/klogd
( )
(ฃ) S13gdm -> ../init.d/gdm
(ฃ) S20vsftpd -> ../init.d/vsftpd
(ฃ) S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
ΘΘΘ(‫א‬Հฃ)ΘΘΘ
ӵоΰጒ‫ٽ‬ϛȂ࣏Ο෵Ѝॲ७Ȃϐင਌௬Ι‫ٲ‬ΟȂᄂሬΰ᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎ོࣼ‫ڗ‬ඁ̈
এ೺೿๖‫ ڗ‬/etc/init.d ‫ޟ‬௡‫ڙ‬ᔬȄ೻‫ٲ‬೺೿๖‫ޟ‬ᔬӪ೽ல࢐ S ‫ ܖ‬K ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬и
ࡣ७ԤΙএኵԅȄष࢐ S ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ོӵ໠ᐠࡣ໌Σ runlevel 2 ਢஈ՗Ȃ໷‫ו‬
‫ࡣྱٷ‬७‫ޟ‬ኵԅҥω‫ڗ‬σంଢ଼Ȅӣኺ‫ޟ‬ष࢐ K ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོ‫ྱٷ‬ኵԅҥω‫ڗ‬σᜰ
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-11

ഖȄ೽லӵ runlevel 2 ‫ ڗ‬5 Ϛོࣼ‫ ڗ‬K ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ೻‫ٲ‬ᜰഖ݈୛‫ ޟ‬runlevel ೽

லѫӵ runlevel 0 ‫ ڷ‬6 ϛю౪Ȅӵ runlevel 0 ϛȂ᠞‫ีོޱ‬౪ӣਢԤ K ໠ᓞ‫ ڷ‬S
໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂԪਢ൷ོӑ‫ܚװ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬K ໠ᓞᔬਰເ‫ׇ‬ȂӔເ S ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȄ
षоΰ७೻এ‫ٽ‬υ‫پ‬ᇳȂ໌Σ runlevel 2 ࡣȂ൷ོ‫וٷ‬ంଢ଼ sysklogdȃklogdȃ
gdmȃvsftpd ‫ ڷ‬apache2Ȅ᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨‫܏ۉ‬Ȃ೻‫ ٲ‬runlevel ϱ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰϚ࢐‫ޢ‬௥೺೿
๖‫ ڗ‬init.d ၇७იȉ೻‫ٲ‬௡‫ ڙ‬script Ϛ࢐ሯौё୤ኵϗ૖ၼհȉ٥ቄ‫ޢ‬௥ўເ
runlevel ၇७೻‫ٲ‬ᔬਰȂᔖ၎࢐ฒ‫ݲ‬๝ᇄ୤ኵȂ‫ۡࡾޱܖ‬ौᜰഖ‫ޱܖ‬ంҢȂ٥‫ڗ‬
‫࢐ۻ‬ԃդၼհ‫ڹޟ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂӵເ runlevel ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ࢐ആႆ /etc/init.d/rc ೻এแԒў
‫ ײ‬runlevel ϱ‫ۻڗ‬Ԥ঺‫ٲ‬ᔬਰȂѺࣼ‫ ڗ‬S13gdm ൷ོՌଢ଼ᙚឍԙ /etc/init.d/gdm
startȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ runlevel ၇७ȂषᔬਰӪᆎ‫ڼ‬Ӫᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ོՌଢ଼ೝ‫܇‬౱Ȅ‫ר‬ঈ
฿ཌᘪઽΙή runlevel ‫ޟ‬ၼհೣࠌ֑Ȋ
1. ໌Σ runlevel ࡣȂӑஈ՗ᜰഖ‫ࡾޟ‬х (K ໠ᓞ)Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬ϗເంଢ଼݈୛‫ࡾޟ‬
х (S ໠ᓞ)Ȅ
2. Ϛ፣࢐ K ໠ᓞ‫ ޱܖ‬S ໠ᓞ഍࢐‫ྱٷ‬σωȂ௃ω‫ޟ‬໠ۖஈ՗Ȃ‫ٮ‬иኵԅџо
१᙭Ȅ
‫ܚ‬оष‫ר‬ঈདौӵ runlevel 3 Ϛौ໌Σຜๅϭ७Ȃ٥‫ר‬ঈौࡩኺୈ‫ڹ‬ȉ࡞ᙏ
൐Ȃ‫ר‬ঈӑ‫ װ‬runlevel 3 ໌Σຜๅϭ७‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼ऄΟȂ൷ႀԙ୨Ȋ
ӵ runlvel 3 ਢ໌ΣМԅϭ७Ȉ
# ٣ખԱຍଡ soft linkΔᑇ‫ױڗ‬౨ᄎ‫ڇ‬լ‫ٵ‬ठ‫ء‬ऱ Ubuntu ‫᧢ޏ‬Μ GDM ഗ‫ء‬Ղਢ
# ༼ࠎ X Window ऱ࿆Ետ૿Δࢬ‫ڇא‬ၲᖲழլඔ೯ຍଡऱᇩΔ༉޲‫ီڶ‬࿗տ૿೺Μ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo rm /etc/rc3.d/S13gdm
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ vi /etc/inittab
( ) ฃ
# ‫ނ‬ຍᇙऱ 2 ‫ ګޏ‬3ΔՀ‫ڻ‬ၲᖲ༉ऴ൷ၞԵ runlevel 3
id:2:initdefault:
ฃ
( )
# ૉ‫ڗ֮ڇ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬უ૞‫ڇ‬ၞԵီ࿗Δ‫אشאױ‬Հਐ‫ח‬
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start

ആႆоΰ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џоও‫׽‬ᡱ‫ف‬ಛ໠ᐠࡣႱ೩໌Σ runlevel 3Ȃ‫ٮ‬иϚོం

ଢ଼ຜๅϭ७Ȅ೻ᆍ‫׬‬ѽᄇܻթ݈ᏢՄِ੫տԤҢȂӰ࣏թ݈Ꮲඁн࢐࡞ЍҢ‫ڗ‬ຜ
ๅϭ७Ȃ‫װ‬ѺᜰΟџо࿽ࣸϚЍၥྛȂ࿋᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂӔҢ /etc/init.d/gdm
start ‫װ‬Ѻ҈໠Ȅ‫ޱܖ‬᠞‫ޱ‬དौ‫׽‬ӱԙ໠ᐠਢՌଢ଼ంҢ‫ޟ‬ၗȂζѫौ‫װ‬Ⴑ೩‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬
13-12 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

runlevel ‫׽‬ӱԙ 2Ȅ௥ή‫רپ‬ौӵήΙ࿽ଆ፣ԃդ‫ٺ‬ҢΙώ‫ڎ‬แԒ‫پ‬ᆓ౩ runlevel

Ҭᓃϱ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȄ

13.3.3 ᆓ౩࢚݈୛࢐֏໠ᐠࡣంҢ
ӵ Ubuntu ၇७ও‫ ׽‬runlevel ԤоήඁᆍПԒȄ
಑ΙᆍПԒ࢐Йώւଶ‫࡚ܖ‬ҳ೺೿๖Ȅ
಑ΠᆍПԒ࢐‫ٺ‬Ңϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬update-rc.d ӵМԅ዁Ԓ‫ۻ‬ήቨё‫ܖ‬ւଶ
runlevelȄ
಑έᆍПԒ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң sysvconfig ‫ٺپ‬Ңӎ෕዁Ԓ೩ۡ runlevelȂ೻แԒሯौ
᚞ѴԊ၆Ȅ
ശࡣΙᆍПԒ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң Ubuntu ϱ࡚‫ ޟ‬services-admin ೻এแԒӵຜๅ዁Ԓ
ή೩ۡȄ
оΰӨᆍПԒ഍џоႀ‫ࣺڗ‬ӣ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃौᒵᐅ঺ΙᆍПԒ‫پ‬೩ۡ runlevel ൷ࣼ
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬ಬᄛՄۡȄ಑Ιᆍ‫ٺ‬ҢЙώ‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐ᎌҢܻ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬GNU/Linux հཾ‫ف‬
ಛȂζ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ശலҢ‫ޟ‬ПԒϞΙȄശࡣΙᆍПԒᄇܻߑᏰ‫ޱ‬Մِџо࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬೩
ۡԁ runlevelȂ঄ு᠞‫ޱ‬კၐࣼࣼȄоή஠ོᄇ೻ѲᆍПԒ഍฿ཌհΙএϭಝȂ
᠞‫ޱ‬ᒵᐅௌശΰЙ‫ޟ‬ПԒ։џȄ
೻၇ᗙौඪᒺ᠞‫࢐ޟޱ‬Ȃও‫ ׽‬runlevel ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ࢐ও‫׽‬໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐႱ೩ంଢ଼‫݈ޟ‬
୛‫ܖ‬แԒȂӰԪӵ᠞‫ޱ‬ও‫ ׇ׽‬runlevel ࡣȂϚོҳ։ҡਝȂሯौ१ཱི໠ᐠࡣϗོ
ҡਝȄӰԪ୅೩᠞‫ װޱ‬/etc/rc3.d/S91apache2 ऄΟȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ң‫ڏ‬тώ‫ װڎ‬Apache2
௃ runlevel ಋଶȂѫԤӵήԩ໠ᐠਢϗϚོంҢ Apache2ȂՄϚ࢐‫ װ‬Apache2
௃ runlevel ಋଶࡣ໷߯൷ོᡱ၎݈୛ҳ։ୄХȊ‫ܚ‬оषौҳ։ୄХ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ሯौ
᚞Ѵӵஈ՗ /etc/init.d/apache2 stop ോȊӵቨёཱི‫ ޟ‬runlevel ζΙኺȂ၎݈୛Ϛ
ོҳ։ంଢ଼Ȃѫོӵήԩ໠ᐠਢႱ೩ంଢ଼ȂӰԪᗙ࢐ுौЙଢ଼Ң௡‫ ڙ‬script ‫װ‬Ѻ
ంҢমȊ
಑Πᘈौඪᒺ᠞‫࢐ޟޱ‬ȂႱ೩ Ubuntu ௃ runlevel 2 ‫ ڗ‬5 ഍࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȂՄ
Ⴑ೩ӵ inittab ࢐ເ runlevel 2Ȃ࡚ដ᠞‫ ࡻ߳ޱ‬runlevel 2 Ϛौ‫؁‬ଢ଼Ȃও‫ ׽‬runlevel
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-13

3 ้ȂԪਢौӱඈ‫ف‬ಛন‫ޑޟپ‬ᄘ൷ѫሯौ‫ װ‬runlevel ‫׽‬ӱ‫پ‬ԙ 2 ։џȊԃΰΙ

࿽‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃᡱ runlevel 2 Ԥຜๅϭ७Ȃծ࢐ runlevel 3 ໌ΣМԅϭ७Ȅ
Йώ࡚ҳ‫ܖ‬ಋଶ runlevel แ‫ו‬
ᢎࣼҬࠉԤ঺‫݈ٲ‬୛џоё‫ ڗ‬runlevel ၇७Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ls /etc/init.d/
alsa-utils festival mountnfs-bootclean.sh README
anacron gdm reboot apache2 glibc.sh
mysql hdparm networking
(‫א‬Հฃ )

௃оΰጒ‫ٽ‬ϛࣼ‫ޟڗ‬௡‫ ڙ‬script џоё‫ ڗ‬runlevel ၇७ᡱѺՌଢ଼ంҢমȊ

ᢎࣼ runlevel 2 ‫ޟ‬ၼհПԒȞ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬runlevel ζ࢐‫ٺ‬ҢࣺӣПԒȟȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ ls /etc/rc2.d/ -l
ฃ
( ) S10sysklogd -> ../init.d/sysklogd
ฃ S11klogd -> ../init.d/klogd
( )
(ฃ) S13gdm -> ../init.d/gdm
(ฃ) S20vsftpd -> ../init.d/vsftpd
(ฃ) S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
ΘΘΘ(‫א‬Հฃ)ΘΘΘ
ӵ runlevel 2 ϛಋଶ Apache2 Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo rm /etc/rc2.d/S91apache2

ӔԩඪᒺௌോȂಋଶΟоࡣȂ݈୛ᗙ࢐ӵເȂ೻এଢ଼հѫϚႆ࢐ᡱήԩ໠ᐠႱ
೩ஈ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬оषौᜰഖ݈୛ሯौЙଢ଼ஈ՗௡‫ ڙ‬script ўᜰഖ঵Ȋ
ӵ runlevel 2 ϛёΣ Apache2 Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/apache2 /etc/rc2.d/S91apache2

ёΣཱི‫ ޟ‬runlevel ࡣȂζѫϚႆ࢐ᡱ‫ف‬ಛήԩ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐႱ೩ஈ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬оौ଻

ΰంҢȂᗙ࢐ுौЙଢ଼ўంଢ଼মȊᗙԤࡣ७‫ޟ‬ኵԅശԁ࢐‫ڷ‬নҏ‫ޟ‬ΙኺȂӰ࣏ष
‫ޟ׽‬Шၶࠉ७‫ޟ‬ၗџоོӰ࣏‫ڏ‬тࣺ‫݈ޟٷ‬୛ᗙ‫ؠ‬ంҢȂᏲमంଢ଼ѶఁȄ‫׽‬Њࡣ
७‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ོᡱ၎݈୛Шၶఏంଢ଼ȂԤਢঐོኇ៪ࡣ७‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȅ‫ܚ‬о࡚ដ᠞‫ޱ‬ন
13-14 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

‫پ‬၎݈୛ҢӻЍဴጆȂϞࡣёΰў‫ޟ‬ਢঐζҢন‫֑ޟپ‬Ȋ࿋ณΙૡթ݈Ꮲ݈୛೽
ல࢐Ϛོႄ‫ڗ‬೻ᆍ୰ᚠȂӰ࣏‫܄‬ԪϞ໢࢐ᐿҳ‫ޟ‬Ȃծ࣏ΟᙱབଔَȂᗙ࢐Ңন‫پ‬
षௌϐငऄΟȂџоࣼࣼӵտ‫ ޟ‬runlevel ࢐ܹӵ঺၇Ȋ
‫ٺ‬Ң update-rc.d ‫پ‬ᆓ౩ runlevel

೻এแԒ࢐ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩൷ԤԊ၆‫ޟ‬ȂႱ೩࢐ও‫ޟ׽‬ਢঐོ௃ runlevel 0 ‫ ڗ‬6

഍‫ڗ׽‬Ȋ࿋ณζџоࡾۡᇳѫ‫࢚׽‬Ιএ runlevelȄ
ӵ‫ܚ‬Ԥ runlevel ϛёΣ Apache2 Ȉ
# ‫אڕ‬ՀᒤࠏΔ‫׽‬૞‫ ڇ‬-f ৵૿‫ף‬Ղࣚ೭‫ټ‬ጠ‫ױܛ‬Μ defaults ऱ೶ᑇਢᨃࢬ‫ڶ‬
# runlevel ຟ‫ף‬Ե‫ڼ‬๻ࡳΜา֨ऱᦰृԫࡳ‫ڶ‬࿇෼Δrunlevel 0, 1 ࡉ 6 ‫ף‬Եऱ
# լਢ S ඔ೯ਐ‫ח‬Δۖਢ K ၲᙰऱᣂຨਐ‫ח‬Μຍਢ‫ڂ‬੡‫ ڇ‬runlevel 0 ਢᣂᖲΔ
# ࢬ‫א‬ᅝྥ૞‫إ‬ൄऱ‫ ނ‬Apache ᣂຨ೺Μ‫ ڇ‬runlevel 6 Ոਢ‫ٵ‬ᑌऱ଺‫ڂ‬Ζ
# runlevel 1 ਢ໢Գᑓ‫ڤ‬Δլᄎඔ೯‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴΔࢬ‫א‬Ոਢ K ၲᙰऱΖ
#
# ‫ شאױ‬update-rc.d -f apache2 defaults 91 ࠐਐࡳ K ࡉ S ৵૿ऱᑇ‫ڗ‬ਢ 91Δ
# Ո‫ شאױ‬update-rc.d -f apache2 defaults 91 20 ࠐਐࡳ S ৵૿ਢ 91Δ‫ڇ‬
# runlevel 0, 1 ࡉ 6 ᇙ૿ऱ K ਢ 20Ζ
#
# ૉ‫ ނ‬defaults ང‫ ګ‬multiuser ऱᇩΔ༉‫׽‬ᄎ‫ ڇ‬runlevel 2 ࠩ 5 ‫ޓ܂‬೯Δ
# Ո༉ਢլᄎ‫ ڇ‬0, 1, ࡉ 6 ᇙ૿‫ף‬Ե K ၲᙰऱᚾூΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 defaults
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc1.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc6.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc2.d/S20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc3.d/S20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc4.d/S20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc5.d/S20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

ӵ‫ܚ‬Ԥ runlevel ϛಋଶ Apache2 ݈୛ Ȉ

dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20apache2
/etc/rc1.d/K20apache2
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-15

/etc/rc2.d/S91apache2
/etc/rc3.d/S91apache2
/etc/rc4.d/S91apache2
/etc/rc5.d/S91apache2
/etc/rc6.d/K20apache2

ࡾ࢚ۡএ runlevel ϛቨё Apache2 ంଢ଼‫ܖ‬ᜰഖ݈୛ Ȉ

# ‫א‬Հਐ‫ח‬ᄎ‫ ڇ‬runlevel 2 ࠩ 5 ข‫ س‬S91apache2Δᅝྥ‫אױ‬ਐࡳ‫׽‬૞ runlevel 2Δ
# ‫ڼ‬ழ‫׽‬૞‫ ނ‬3 4 5 ‫װ‬ൾΖࣹრ‫່ڇ‬৵૿૞‫ף‬Ղԫଡរ ( . )Δࠀ‫׊‬૞ࡉছԫଡᑇ‫ڗ‬
# ़ԫ௑Μ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 start 91 2 3 4 5 .
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
/etc/rc2.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc3.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc4.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc5.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

# ૉ૞ਐࡳ K ၲᙰऱᣂຨࣚ೭Δ‫אױ‬ຘመ‫א‬Հਐ‫ח‬Μຍଡਐ‫ח‬ᄎ‫ ڇ‬runlevel

# 0, 1 ࡉ 6 ৬‫ م‬K20apache2 ऱ soft linkΖಖ൓ࣹრ່৵ऱរΖ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 stop 20 0 1 6 .
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc1.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc6.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

# ‫א‬Ղࠟଡਐ‫ח‬Ո‫ګࠓٽאױ‬੡‫א‬Հԫ۩
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 start 91 2 3 4 5 . stop 20 0 1 6 .
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc1.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc6.d/K20apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc2.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc3.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc4.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
/etc/rc5.d/S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2
13-16 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

‫ٺ‬Ң sysvconfig ‫پ‬ᆓ౩ runlevel

ॶӑௌሯौӑԊ၆೻এแԒȄ
Ԋ၆ sysvconfig Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo apt-get install sysvconfig

ஈ՗ sysvconfig Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo sysvconfig

ყ 13.2 sysvconfig.png

ყ 13.3
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-17

ஈ՗ࡣོࣼ‫ڗ‬ԃყ 13.2 ‫ޟ‬ห७Ȅԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȂ‫ר‬ঈӑϭಝ಑Ιএᒵ໶‫ޟ‬ђ૖

(Enable or disable a service)Ȅ಑Ιএᒵ໶໌ўࡣȂོю౪ 13.3 ‫ޟ‬ห७ȂԪਢ᠞
‫ޱ‬џоӵௌདौంଢ଼‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬ΰ҈ΰ ( * )ȂԃԪ၎݈୛൷ོӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐంଢ଼Ȅ‫ݧ‬
ཎോȂ೻၇‫ܚ‬հ‫؁ޟ‬ଢ଼ོӣਢ‫؁‬ଢ଼‫ ڗ‬runlevel 0 ‫ ڗ‬6 মȊ௥ή‫پ‬ᒵᐅጂۡᚔ໠Ԫ
ห७Ȃԃήყᒵᐅ Finished ൷‫ׇ‬ԙ runlevel ‫؁ޟ‬ଢ଼୨Ȋ࡞ᙏ൐֑Ȋ

ყ 13.4

ყ 13.5
13-18 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ

षौΙ໶Ι໶ୈಠഋ೩ۡȂᒵᐅ Edit runlevels ࡣȂོԤԃყ 13-3-4 ‫ޟ‬ห७ю

౪Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоҢ delete ᗤ‫װ‬ΰ७‫ޟ‬ኵ঄఼ުȂ௥ή‫҈پ‬ΰՌϏौ‫ޟ‬঄Ȃԃ S91
้้ȂԃԪ၎݈୛൷џо໠ᐠਢႱ೩ంҢ୨Ȋषௌ‫װ‬т߳੼ުҩȂ൷ϚོంҢ
মȊ଄ுଝю೻এห७ࡣȂौᒵᐅ Finish ԆᔬോȄ
‫ٺ‬Ң services-admin ‫ޟ‬ყ‫ל‬ϭ७೩ۡ runlevel

೻এแԒႱ೩ӵ‫ف‬ಛϱ൷Ԥϱ࡚Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џо௃ᒵ൐ΰ‫ف‬ಛʖᆓ౩ʖ݈୛‫ڗײ‬Ȅ
ζџоԃоή‫ٺ‬Ңࡾхంଢ଼Ȅ
ஈ՗ services-admin Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo services-admin

ყ 13.6
 13.3 Runlevel ন౩‫ڷ‬೩ۡ 13-19

ყ 13.7

ஈ՗ࡣོю౪ყ 13.7Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоӵ೻၇ᄇএտ݈୛೩ۡంଢ଼‫ܖ‬Ϛంଢ଼Ȅծ࢐೻
၇‫ޢ‬௥ϻᒵ࢐ོᡱ runlevel 2 ‫ ڗ‬5 ഍ంଢ଼ȄӰԪ᠞‫ޱ‬џоࡸѡᗤȂᒵᐅ឴‫ܒ‬ȂԪ
ਢོࣼ‫ڗ‬ყ 13.7Ȅ೻၇᠞‫ޱ‬џоᄇএտ݈୛೩ۡӵ࢚এ runlevel ࢐֏ौంଢ଼Ȃо
Ѕஈ՗໷‫ו‬Ȅ
13-20 ಑ 13 ണ ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛ
 Ⴉࡲѩ‫و‬ዢĞLAMP ‫ޜ‬်ğ

࡞ӻΡϐင‫װ‬ȶΰᆩȷ࿋ԙȶഉᆩॲȷ‫ޟ‬фӪຠȂџَ Web ӵᐌএᆩၯᔖҢ

࢐լ࡞σ‫ޟ‬ΙഋϷȄӵᆩમ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭http://www.emook.orgலலࣼ‫ڗ‬ଔᓞ࢐ wwwȂ
٥ ൷ ࢐ World Wide Web Ȟ Ӓ ౨ ၥ ଉ ᆩ ȟ ‫ ޟ‬ᙏ ᆎ ঵ Ȋ ‫ ܚ‬о σ ড় ல ў
http://www.google.com.tw‫ܖ‬http://tw.yahoo.com഍࢐឴ܻ Web ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
ᓍ๿ਢф‫؏໌ޟ‬Ȃ௃ࠉᓗᄘᆩॲ‫׬ޟ‬೚ᄚᄚϚஊҢΟȂᓗᄘᆩॲીЍΟ‫ٺڷ‬Ң
‫ޱ‬ϣଢ଼Ȃѫ૖൐П७ඪ‫ټ‬ၥਟȄܻ࢐ଢ଼ᄘᆩॲ‫׬ޟ‬೚໠ۖፀࠏี৤Ȃԃଆ፣ୢȂ
੼ِ‫ڷގ‬ᆩၯሚ՗้้Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬ᆩમϚѫ૖ඪ‫רټ‬ঈၥਟȂᗙ૖ᡱ‫ר‬ঈᒯΣၥਟȂ
‫ٮ‬и‫ྱٷ‬แԒ೩ॎў೎౩೻‫ٲ‬ϣଢ଼‫ޟ‬ၥଉȄ
༈ಛ‫ޟ‬ᓗᄘᆩॲѫሯौᆩॲթ݈Ꮲ Apache ൷ஊΟȂѺ૖ඪ‫ټ‬ᆩॲ๝ᘲ។Ꮲആ
ႆ http ‫ۡڞ‬ᢎࣼȄծ໌؏‫ڗ‬ଢ଼ᄘᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂթ݈Ꮲ҆໸ौ೎౩‫ר‬ঈᒯΣ‫ܖ‬ौؑ
‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ࢈໸ആႆᆩॲแԒᇭِ‫پ‬೎౩೻‫ٲ‬ौؑȂ‫ٮ‬и‫װ‬೻‫ٲ‬ၥਟᓽԆӵၥਟ৲
၇७Ȃ‫ټ‬Ґ‫ٺپ‬ҢȄᆩॲᇭِҬࠉԤ࡞ӻᆍџоᒵᐅȂԃ PHPȃASPȃJSPȃPerl
‫ ڷ‬Python ้้ȂӨԤՌϏ‫ޟ‬੫ՓȂၥਟ৲џоᒵᐅ‫ޟ‬ζ࡞ӻȂԃ MySQL ȃ
PostgreSQLȃOrcale ‫ ڷ‬MS SQL ้้ȄҬࠉӵσഋϷ‫ޟ‬ϛω࠮ᆩમശࢺ՗‫࢐ޟ‬
‫ٺ‬Ң PHP ᇭِ଩ӫ MySQL ‫ٺ‬ҢȄPHP ɮ MySQL ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒ๘σӻኵ഍џоӵ
ᆩၯΰջາήၷ‫ڗޟ‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ࡞ӻΡདྷҢ‫ ޟ‬XOOPS ࢜મᐠȃwikipedia ೻ৈ wiki
14-2 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

೺ᡝ‫ ڷ‬phpBB ፣Ꮻଆ፣ୢ้แԒȂ഍࢐ջາ‫ ޟ‬PHP σ࠮фߒհȄUbuntu ϛМ

મζ࢐Ң೻‫ٲ‬೺ᡝўࡹ෱Ȃਲ਼ҏϚሯौቸ‫ڗ‬Ι՗แԒጆ൷џо࢜юடཾ‫ޟ‬ᆩમȄ
٥ϧቄ࢐ LAMP ‫ڹ‬ȉᖑ݂‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ιۡౠ‫ڗ‬ΟȂ൷࢐ Linux ɮ Apache ɮ MySQL
ɮ PHP ‫ܚ‬ಢԙ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼ᄘᆩॲ‫ف‬ಛȂ൷ᆎ࣏ LAMP ୨Ȋ೻ζ࢐Ҭࠉϛω࠮ᆩમћശ
ӻ‫࢜ޟ‬મПԒȄҥܻ೻ҏਪ‫ޟ‬१ᘈӵ၆ԁ LAMP ᕗცȂӰԪ၆ XOOPS ‫ڏޱܖ‬т
ᆩॲᔖҢ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ПԒ፜ՌϏΰᆩࢥၚȂѿ७ΰζԤ࡞ӻҏਪԤ၏ಠଆ፣Ȅ

14.1 LAMP Ⴉࡲѩ‫و‬ዢོѰࢨ୩

ᆩ֭ http://www.emook.org ‫ ޟ‬http фߒΟᆩॲ༈ᒯ‫ۡڞ‬ȂѺ࢐ Hypertext
Transfer ProtocolȞ຺Мҏ༈ᒯ‫ۡڞ‬ȟ‫ޟ‬ᙏቸȂ೻ۡဎΟ Server ‫ ڷ‬Client ഍ሯौ
‫ྱٷ‬೻এၽᔛೣࠌ‫ޖپ‬Ȃ೻ኺϗ૖ጂ߳‫܄‬Ԫϣ೽Ȅ೻এ༈ᒯ‫࢐ۡڞ‬ҥ W3CȞWorld
Wide Web Consortiumȟ೻এಢᙑ‫ܚ‬ᆰ៖‫ޟ‬ȂѺঈ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭࢐http://www.w3c.org/Ȅ
HTTP ၼհন౩࡞ᙏ൐Ȃᘲ។Ꮲӑө Server ඪюौؑȂӵौؑ၇७ԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᘲ។
Ꮲ๝ Server ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞȂԃ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᆒ‫ޟ‬ᘲ។Ꮲ‫ގ‬ҏȃᇭِ‫ڷ‬џо௥‫ޟڧ‬ᔆᕻጡጆ้
้Ȃณࡣ Server Ӕਲ਼ᐃ೻‫ٲ‬ौؑଚюӱᔖߒᓞ‫ڷ‬МӇϱৠȄ‫ݧ‬ཎȂClient ᆒඪю
‫ޟپ‬ौؑߒᓞϱ‫ٮ‬ϚΙོۡೝ௥‫ڧ‬Ȃौࣼ Server Ԥ‫ؠ‬ԤЛධՄۡȂ‫ܚ‬оശࡣᘲ
។Ꮲ௥ԝ‫ڗ‬ϱৠࡣᗙ࢐ਲ਼ᐃ Server ശࡣ๝Ѻ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞ၌ភോȊ‫ٽޟ࠮ڐ‬υ࢐ᘲ។
Ꮲө Server ᇳѺЛධᔆᕻਿԒ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲȂծ࢐ष Server ϚЛධ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོ౱ႆ೻এ
ौؑ‫ٮ‬иӵӱଚ๝ᘲ។Ꮲ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞΰϚོԤᆩॲೝᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂ‫ܚ‬оᘲ។ᏢΙۡ࢐
‫ٷ‬ᐃ Server ଚӱ‫ߒޟپ‬ᓞ‫پ‬ր᠞ၥਟȄ࿋ᘲ។ᏢϚЛධᔆᕻਢȂ٥ቄӵΙ໠ۖ
፜ؑ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞ൷ϚོԤᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ၥଉȂष Server ԤЛධᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ၗȂԪਢζϚོՌհ
к஻‫ޟ‬ᔆᕻᆩॲȂ‫ܚ‬оᘲ។Ꮲ‫ ڷ‬Server ആႆߒᓞ‫ޟ‬ၥଉ‫ྜپ‬೽࢐࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬Ȃӵ
೻এ؏᡽ȂᚖП஠ོ‫ڥ‬ுശσ‫ࣺޟ‬ৠ‫ܒ‬Ȅ
Ҭࠉӵ Linux ΰலَ‫ޟ‬ПԒ࢐଩ӫоήέৈ೺ᡝ‫پ‬ႀԙଢ଼ᄘᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȅ
ApacheȈѺ࢐ҬࠉӒ౨ᆩॲթ݈ᏢѿൟլԤ౥ശଽ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂҬࠉШཌ೺‫ޟ‬
IIS լԤ౥ᗙौଽέॻ‫ܚ‬ѾѡȊѺ࢐ҥ NCSA ‫ ޟ‬httpd 1.3 ࣏அᙃȂୈΟσ
໔‫ޟ‬ও‫ ڷ׽‬patchȂ‫ܚ‬оԤΡᔛᆎ೻࢐ A patchy ‫ގ‬Ȃᒙॱߖխ ApacheȄ
‫ڏ‬ᄂѺ‫ڼޟ‬Ӫ࢐௃ΙএӟӴԊഋဣ Apache ‫ޟ‬Ӫᆎ‫ޟپ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬иಢԙஅߜོ
 14.2 LAMP Ԋ၆࢜೩ 14-3

оՌҥ೺ᡝ‫࠮ޟ‬ԒၼհȄҬࠉӵσഋϷ‫ޟ‬ҁѮ഍џоஈ՗Ȃԃ MS
WindowsȃLinuxȃMacOSX ‫ ڷ‬FreeBSD ้Ȅ
PHPȈ೻࢐Ιᆍ‫ޢ‬ឍԒယҏᇭِȂкौᔖҢܻթ݈Ꮲᆒ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢแԒ‫ڷ‬ଢ଼ᄘ
ᆩॲ໠ีȄѺ‫ڼޟ‬Ӫ࢐௃ȶPHP: Hypertext Preprocessorȷ‫ޟ‬ሎᘪᕻቸՄ
‫پ‬ȄѺкौོೝ൸Σӵ HTML ΰӵ Web թ݈Ꮲΰၼ՗Ȃ࿋แԒೝᘲ។Ꮲ
፜ؑਢȂแԒོӵթ݈Ꮲΰஈ՗Ȃ๖‫ᙽོݎ‬ԙල೽‫ ޟ‬HTML МӇӱ༈๝
Client ᆒᘲ។ᏢȂ‫ܚ‬оᐌএࢺแӵ Client ᆒ࢐Ϛሯौॎᆗ‫ޟ‬ȊӰ࣏Ѻ࢐‫ޢ‬
ឍԒᇭِȂԤᓺ‫ޟؾ‬ၮҁѮ૖ΨȂ‫ܚ‬оඁнӵϚӣ‫فޟ‬ಛ഍џоၼհΙኺ
‫ޟ‬แԒጆȂഅ൷ΟӨᆍϚӣ PHP ᔖҢ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬ፀࠏี৤Ȅ
MySQLȈѺ࢐Ιএ໠ܹনۖጆ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ৲౰ࠢȂ໠ี‫ ࣏ޱ‬MySQL AB ϴѧȄ
ҥܻѺ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ϚᒿȂиᡝᑖωȂ‫ܚ‬оѺኄ‫ٺޟݿ‬Ңӵϛω࠮ᆩમϛȄѺϰ
೨ӨᆍϚӣ‫ޟ‬ၥਟܹӵၥਟ৲ϛȂณࡣҢϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᇭِ‫ࢥپ‬ၚȂᗶณђ૖ΰ
‫ؠ‬Ԥσ࠮୦ཾϴѧ໠ี‫ ޟ‬Oracle ‫ ڷ‬DB2 ้٥ቄ஼σȂծӰ࣏ඁнջາ‫ڷ‬
ђ૖ϐငٗஊϛω࠮ᆩમ‫ٺ‬ҢȂӰԪࢺ՗ଔ‫پ‬Ȅ
ӵ LAMP ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ᆩમϛȂ࿋ Client ө Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬Apache ौؑ೿ጣࡣȂष
Apache ี౪Ѻौؑ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲᔬ࢐ PHP እቸ‫ޟ‬ਢȂ൷ོӑଚ‫ ڗ‬PHP ‫ޢ‬ឍᏢўஈ՗Ȃ
षแԒጆ၇७Ԥሯौࢥၚၥਟ৲‫ޟ‬ӴПȂ൷ҥ PHP Еᔝ‫ ڷ‬MySQL ࢥၚၥਟȂณ
ࡣ PHP ‫װ‬൐સ‫ ޟ‬HTML ๖‫ݎ‬ଚӱў๝ ApacheȂശࡣӔҺ๝ Client ᆒ‫ޟ‬ᘲ។Ꮲᡗ
ҰӵᒉᄍΰȄ‫ܚ‬оӵࡊИᆒ࢐‫ׇ‬Ӓ‫ؠ‬Ԥஈ՗‫ڗ‬แԒ‫ޟ‬ȂѺѫϚႆ࢐‫װ‬թ݈Ꮲଚ‫پ‬
‫ޟ‬સᆩॲᡗҰ‫ڗ‬ሚᄍΰՄϐȂ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ॎᆗ഍࢐ӵթ݈Ꮲΰ‫ׇ‬ԙȂ‫ܚ‬оթ݈Ꮲΰζ
џоᒵҢϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲแԒᇭِȂԃ jspȃperl ‫ ܖ‬python ้Ȃ‫ׇ‬ӒϚོኇ៪‫ࡊڗ‬И
ᆒ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬Ȅ
14.2 LAMP Њཆ‫ޜ‬௩
౪ӵौ໠ۖҰጒԃդԊ၆ LAMPȂ೻‫ٲ‬ৈӇ஠ོ‫ޢ‬௥Ң APT ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛԊ
၆ȄӰ࣏ԊӒ‫ཱི؁‬୰ᚠȂ๋‫ߨޱ‬லϚ࡚ដթ݈ᏢࣺᜰৈӇ௃ tarball ՌϏጡឍԊ
၆Ȅ๋‫ޱ‬ᇯ࣏௃ tarball Ԋ၆‫ޟ‬ԊӒ‫ܒ‬ΙོۡШ௃ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛԊ၆‫پ‬ு৯ȂӰ࣏
ৈӇ৲၇‫ޟ‬แԒ഍ԤடΡӵᆰ៖ԊӒ‫ܒ‬ᅓࢾȂ௃ tarball ၆‫ޟ‬ၗȂձौՌϏலலў
ࣼᅓࢾϴ֙ȂΙૡΡᔖ၎Ϛོ٥ቄ༕഼֑Ȋоή๋‫ޱ‬஠ོം؏ᇳ݂ԃդԊ၆
ApacheȃPHP ‫ ڷ‬MySQLȄ
14-4 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

14.2.1 Apache2 Ԋ၆
Apache2 ‫ ڷ‬Apache1.3 ‫ف‬Ӗശσ‫ޟ‬ᡐϽ࢐ਝ૖‫׽ޟ‬๡ȂՄ೻‫׽ٲ‬๡൷࢐ആႆ
multiple child processes with multiple thread ‫پ‬ႀԙȄᗶณӵ PHP ‫ٺޟ‬Ңᕗც
ή࡚ដᗙ࢐Ң༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬multiple child processes with one thread ོШၶᛧۡȂծ
೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐฿ཌϭಝΙή‫ڏ‬т thread modelsȊӵ Apache2 ԤЛධέᆍ thread
modelsȂ೻‫ٲ‬዁ಢᆎ࣏ Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs)Ȅ
apache2-mpm-workerȈ೻࢐ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩ོԊ၆‫ޟ‬ৈӇȂѺၼհ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ
ོԤኵএ child processesȂؐএ processes ഍ོӔԤኵএ threadsȄҥܻ
ӣΙএ processes ϱ‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ thread ഍џоӓҢ଄ᏹᡝၥਟȂ‫ܚ‬оџо෵Ѝ
଄ᏹ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ٮ‬иቨёਝ૖Ȋծ࢐࡞ӻ಑έП‫ޟ‬ৈӇ‫ؠ‬Ԥ thread safeȂζ൷࢐
‫ؠ‬ԤՃኌ‫ ڗ‬muti-thread ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ‫ܚ‬оषເӵ worker thread model ‫ޟ‬
Apache ོ࡞ϚᛧۡȊ‫ٽ‬ԃ PHP ൷ϚЛධ thread safeȄ
apache2-mpm-prefork Κ೻࢐ശ༈ಛ‫ޟ‬዁ԒȂၼհਢོԤኵএ child
processesȂؐএ processes ഍ѫເΙএ threadȄӰԪؐএ thread ഍ᗵ឴
ܻϚӣ processes ϚོϣࣺϓᘙȂᗶณਝ૖ၶ৯иૉາШၶӻ଄ᏹᡝȂծ
࢐ᄇܻԤԊ၆Ι‫ٲ‬಑έП‫ޟ‬዁ಢਢᛧۡ‫ܒ‬ШၶԁȊ‫ٽ‬ԃԊ၆ PHP ਢΙۡ
ौҢ೻এ thread modelȂϚႆषӑ၆ Apache Ⴑ೩‫ ޟ‬mpm-worker ζ‫ؠ‬ᜰ
߽Ȃ୉σ‫ޟ‬ৈӇᆓ౩‫ف‬ಛོՌଢ଼ᔓձ඲ԙ mpm-prefork ‫ ޟގ‬ApacheȄ
apache2-mpm-prechildȈ೻এ‫ ڷ‬mpm-worker Ԥᘈ჋ȂϚႆѺϰ೨Ϛӣ
‫ ޟ‬processes ҢϚӣ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ஈ՗ȂҬࠉ೻ᗙӵ໠ีϛȂߨலϚᛧۡȊ
ϭಝ‫ׇ‬ΟоࡣȂ‫ר‬ঈџоആႆ metapackage ຎᔣৈӇ‫ װ‬apache2 ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬၆
ଔ‫֑پ‬Ȋ
Ԋ၆ Apache2Ȉ
sudo apt-get install apache2

ष᠞‫ޱ‬དौ݂ጂ‫ۡࡾޟ‬ौԊ၆ mpm-prefork ‫ގ‬ՄϚौႱ೩‫ ޟ‬mpm-worker ‫ގ‬

ҏȂџоആႆоήࡾхԊ၆Ȅ೻এ࢐ߨ҆ौ‫ޟ‬মȂӰ࣏ӵ၆ PHP ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོՌଢ଼
‫ װ‬worker ඲ԙ prefork ‫ގ‬Ȋ
 14.2 LAMP Ԋ၆࢜೩ 14-5

ࡾۡԊ၆ mpm-prefork ‫ ގ‬Apache2Ȉ

sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork

षौᜰഖ‫ܖ‬१ཱིంଢ଼ apache ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоആႆоή௡‫ ڙ‬script ႀԙȄ

ᜰഖ Apache2 ݈୛‫ܖ‬१ཱིంଢ଼Ȉ
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop # ೶ᑇ‫אױ‬ਢ restart ࢨ start ࿛
᠞‫ޱ‬ӵంଢ଼‫ޟ‬ਢঐषႄ‫ڗ‬оήᒿᇲଉ਀Ȃџ૖࢐/etc/hosts ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೩ۡԁȊ᠞‫ޱ‬
џо୤Ճ 6.1.6 ࿽ᜰܻ hostname ‫ ڷ‬hosts ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȄ
hostname ೩ۡᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬ឌ֙ଉ਀Ȉ
* Starting apache 2.0 web server... apache2: Could not determine the server's
fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName

ᗶณԤоΰᒿᇲծ apache ᗙ࢐џо‫ٺ‬ҢȂծ࢐џ૖ོӵຎᔣкᐠ‫ޟ‬ഋӋю౪

୰ᚠȄषғጂ೩ۡԁਢȂhostname ᔖ၎ᡗҰ၎кᐠ‫ޟ‬ӪᆎȂhostname -f ོᡗҰ
၎кᐠ‫ׇޟ‬ᐌ FQDN ӪᆎȂζ൷࢐кᐠӪᆎё୿ӪȄ
hostname ೩ۡᒿᇲ‫ޟ‬ឌ֙ଉ਀Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname
www
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ hostname -f
www.emook.org

Ԥᜰܻ໠ᐠࡣौϚौՌଢ଼ంଢ଼ Apache ࢐឴ܻ runlevel ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џо୤Ճ

಑̈έണᜰܻ runlevel ‫ޟ‬ଆ፣Ȅ
ӵԊ၆ԁ Apache ࡣȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоၐ๿Ңᘲ។Ꮲ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬кᐠၐၐ֑ࣼȊࣼ૖Ϛ૖
ғல೿ጣȂ၏ಠกၐ‫ר‬ঈ้‫ڗ‬Ԋ၆‫ ׇ‬PHP ӵΙଔกၐȄ

14.2.2 PHP Ԋ၆
Ҭࠉӵ Ubuntu ၇७Ԥඪ‫ ټ‬PHP4 ‫ ޱܖ‬PHP5 ‫ڍ‬ᆍϚӣ‫فޟ‬ӖȂҥܻ࢚‫ٲ‬ᙟ‫ޟ‬
แԒ‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ݲ‬ӵ PHP5 ၇७໷ցஈ՗Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौՌϏຜ௑‫ݷ‬ᒵᐅȄஅҏΰ PHP5
14-6 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

‫ޟ‬ஈ՗ਝ౥ོШၶԁȂиҬࠉσഋӋৈ၆ PHP ೺ᡝ഍џоӵ PHP5 ၇७ஈ՗Ȃ

ष᠞‫ޱ‬ԤՌϏ໠ี‫ޟ‬แԒฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ PHP5 ၇७ஈ՗Ȃ٥ቄ൷ሯौԊ၆ᙟ‫ ޟގ‬PHP4Ȅ
ߒ 14-2-1 PHP5 १ौ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰৈӇ
ৈӇӪᆎ ђ૖
php5 Չႅ PHP5 Ϙ‫ڱ‬ӅঋਇԆߞ metapackage
libapache2-mod-php5 Apache2 ߞ PHP5 ጀೡ
php5-gd PHP5 ߞᄦ‫؛‬हᝯጀೡȂ௱ӡ‫ݺ‬हᜨഺ᝷ߞ຀Ց
php5-mysql PHP5 ാ።ۖ MySQL Ⴄਫ਼਱ߞጀೡ
php5-mysqli ԢϯȂഺৎੜକѧႵՀȂ࣏֭գӡۖѧႵྲߞ APIȂ‫ݙ‬
ѽ MySQL Server ߍӎঋЂ‫ ݺ‬4.1 Ȅԯऎ Ubuntu ߞ
MySQL Џ၃࣏ 5.0 ϞȂ‫ݙ‬ѽՉႅഺϘৎ‫א‬Ȋ
php5-cli ࢝Ժ PHP ᠲϠះఀ኷ PHP ѧ bash shell script ᚎඏԺ
ϞȂՉႅഺৎȂබЯധְԴ shell script ႆব‫ڹ‬ӡ PHP
ߞሬ‫ޱ‬৭Ȋ
ԃߒ 14-2-1Ȃ೻‫࢐ٲ‬லҢ‫ ޟ‬php5 ৈӇȂष᠞‫ޱ‬ᗙԤ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ሯؑȂҢ apt-cache
search php5 ‫ײ‬Ιή֑Ȋ
Ԋ၆ PHP5Ȉ
sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-gd php5-mysqli

Ԋ၆ PHP4 ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೻၇൷ϚӔᙵक़ΟȂ‫ װ‬5 ‫׽‬ԙ 4 ൷џо୨ȊԊ၆‫ׇ‬оࡣȂ଄

ு१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache মȂ೻ኺϗོ‫ װ‬PHP ዁ಢၷΣ‫فڗ‬ಛ၇७Ȅ
१ཱིంଢ଼ ApacheȈ
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

ҥܻ Apache Ⴑ೩ܹညᆩॲ‫ޟ‬՝ည࢐/var/www ၇७Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈቸএᙏ൐‫ ޟ‬PHP

กၐแԒ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬PHP ࢐֏ғጂஈ՗Ȅ೻এแԒ஠ོᡗҰ PHP ‫ ڷ‬Apache ‫ޟ‬၏ಠ
ၥଉȄ
ጡᒮ /var/www/phpinfo.phpȈ
<? phpinfo(); ?>
 14.2 LAMP Ԋ၆࢜೩ 14-7

௥ή‫پ‬Ңᘲ។Ꮲ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬ձ server ΰ‫ ޟ‬phpinfo.php ֑Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎ོࣼ‫ڗ‬ԃყ

14-2-1 ‫ޟ‬ห७Ȃ೻фߒΟ᠞‫ ޟޱ‬Apache ‫ ڷ‬PHP ϐငғலၼհΟমȊ

ყ 14-2-1

ጂᇯғல‫ޟ‬ၗȂሂ‫ װפ‬phpinfo.php ւଶȂ၇७ԤΙ‫ٲ‬ձкᐠ‫ޟ‬ಢᄘ೩ۡȂџ

૖ོᡱᓧࡊඡණ‫ڗ‬ՄᄇԊӒ‫ܒ‬Ԥ‫ܚ‬ኇ៪঵Ȅ

14.2.3 MySQL Ԋ၆
Ԋ၆ MySQL ࡞ᙏ൐ȂӑҢоήࡾхԊ၆֑Ȋ
Ԋ၆ MySQLȈ
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

MySQL ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬஝ጆ‫فڷ‬ಛΰ‫࢐ޟ‬Ϸ໠‫ޟ‬ȂՄԊ၆ԁࡣႱ೩‫ ޟ‬MySQL root

஝ጆ࢐ު‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ר‬ঈ಑ΙӇ‫ٱ‬௑൷࢐ौও‫ ׽‬MySQL root ஝ጆȂϚณོ࡞Ӡᓎ
মȊ
ও‫ ׽‬MySQL ஝ጆȈ
sudo mysqladmin -u root -p password < ᙁԵ‫܃‬૞ऱᄅയᒘ>
14-8 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

ও‫׽‬஝ጆ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂѺོ୰ձন‫ޟپ‬஝ጆȂԪਢձࡸ ENTER ၰႆў։џȂӰ࣏

Ⴑ೩஝ጆ࢐ުҩ‫ޟ‬Ȋ
षձሯौ१ཱིంଢ଼ MySQL ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџо‫ٺ‬ҢоήࡾхȄ
१ཱིంଢ଼ MySQLȈ
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

षौᡱѺϚौӔ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐంଢ଼Ȃζ࢐ও‫ ׽‬runlevel ୨Ȋ᠞‫ޱ‬ՌϏў୤ՃΙή

ࣺᜰၥଉ֑Ȋ

14.3 Apache2 ௩‫ס‬

Debian ၇७‫ ޟ‬Apache2 ‫ڏڷ‬тี՗‫ޟގ‬ᆓ౩ПԒԤᘈϚӣȂӵ Debian ‫ޟ‬೩
ۡᔬϚӔ࢐༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬httpd.confȂՄ࢐ܹӵ apache2.confȂ‫ٮ‬и‫࡞װ‬ӻ዁ಢ೩ۡ‫ܖ‬
‫ޱ‬ຎᔣкᐠ೩ۡܶ໠‫ڗܹپ‬ӨՌ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȄ೻‫ٲ‬ᐿҳю‫ޟپ‬೩ۡᔬάџоആႆ
Debian ட឴‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬แԒంҢ‫ܖ‬ᜰഖȂᗶณ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬೩ॎᄇܻߑᏰ‫ོޱ‬ឈுШၶ֨
ᜲȂծ࢐षձӵೣგσ࠮ᆩમਢོี౪೻ኺ዁ಢϽ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ШၶП߯‫ޟ‬ȂՄ
Ubuntu ζ᝷‫ڗܛ‬೻এ੫‫ܒ‬Ȅ
‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬஠ོӑϭಝᐌএ‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬ᎈᄐȂณࡣᄚᄚ‫ޟ‬ዐ఼ಠഋ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ‫ה‬ఖ
᠞‫ޱ‬૖ᕣ၌‫ ڗ‬Ubuntu ၇७ Apache2 ᆓ౩ᆠᡜȄ

14.3.1 ‫ف‬ಛ࢜ᄺ
ӵ‫ڏ‬т‫ีޟ‬՗‫ގ‬ϛȂΙૡ࢐‫ܚװ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬೩ۡѓ֤ຎᔣкᐠȂంଢ଼ਢၷΣ‫ޟ‬዁ಢቸ
‫ ڗ‬httpd.conf ၇ ७ Ȅ ӵ Ubuntu ϛ ‫ װ‬σ ഋ Ϸ ‫ ޟ‬httpd.conf ‫ ݍ ޟ‬ՙ ಋ ‫ڗ‬
apache2.conf ၇७Ȃи‫װ‬ຎᔣкᐠ‫ڷ‬዁ಢ೩ۡάᐿҳю‫پ‬ȄџҢຎᔣкᐠ‫ޟ‬೩
ܹۡӵ /etc/apache2/sites-available/ ၇Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ϚంҢ‫ޟ‬ȂሯौୈΙ
এಒဴ೿๖‫ ڗ‬/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ ϗᆗ࢐ғԒంҢȄӣ౩ȂџҢ዁ಢࣺ
ᜰ೩ܹۡӵ /etc/apache2/mods-available/ ၇ȂᄂሬौంҢᗙ࢐ौ‫י‬Ιএ soft link
‫ ڗ‬/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/Ȅ
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-9

᠞‫ޱ‬џоད჋ԙ᜸խ runlevel ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃӵ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐເ‫ ڗ‬runlevel ၇७‫࢚ޟ‬Ι

এంଢ଼แԒȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ soft link ‫ ڗ‬/etc/init.d ၇७‫ޟ‬௡‫ڙ‬ᔬȂӰԪ‫ר‬ঈџо࡞ৠܾ
‫ؚۡ‬໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐौເ঺‫݈ٲ‬୛Ȅӵ Apache2 ‫ٺ‬Ң᜸խП‫ޟݲ‬ԁ೎࢐‫ר‬ঈџоও
‫ ׽‬sites-available ‫پ‬ቨёཱི‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠȂณࡣЙଢ଼ soft link ‫ ڗ‬sites-enabled ‫پ‬
ంҢȄ࿋٥Јौᜰഖ၎ຎᔣкᐠਢȂѫौऄΟ sites-enabled ၇७‫ ޟ‬link ൷џо
ᜰഖΟȂন‫ޟپ‬೩ۡᔬϚሯौଢ଼‫ڗ‬ȂषϞࡣདौӱඈ൷ѫሯौӔୈΙԩ soft linkȄ
Մ዁ಢంଢ଼ζ࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ন౩ȂԪਢџоӑӵ mods-available ၇७ቸԁϚӣ‫ޟ‬዁
ಢ೩ۡȂծ࢐ϚంҢȄषઍ‫ޟ‬ौంҢ೻‫ٲ‬዁ಢȂӔ soft link ‫ ڗ‬mods-enabled ‫پ‬
ంҢȄ
᜸խܻ runlevel ϛඪ‫ ޟټ‬update-rc.d ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼೎౩೻‫ٲ‬ಒဴ೿๖‫ޟ‬ώհȂӵ
Apache2 ϛζԤඪ‫ټ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ώ‫ڎ‬แԒ‫پ‬೎౩೻‫ٲ‬዁ಢ‫ܖ‬મѮంҢ‫ܖ‬ᜰഖȂϚሯौӔ
Ռ Ϗ Ң ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.load /etc/apache2/
mods-enabled/php5.load ంҢȄ௥ή‫ོޱ๋پ‬ӑϭಝ዁ಢంҢПԒӔϭಝຎᔣ
кᐠంҢПԒȄ
ശࡣ๋‫ོޱ‬฿ཌϭಝΙή Apache2 ‫ڏ‬т೩ۡᔬӵհϧቄȂᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬ӵҏ࿽ࣼ‫ࡣׇ‬
൷џо‫ ڗ׺‬Apache ࢜ᄺ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡᔬ‫ޟ‬ಠ࿽൷ོӵࡣ७ᄚᄚ‫ޟ‬၄ΰ‫پ‬Ȅ
ంଢ଼‫ܖ‬ᜰഖ mods-available ၇७‫ޟ‬዁ಢ
ࢥࣼџҢ዁ಢᇄంҢ዁ಢȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/apache2/mods-available/
auth_dbm.load deflate.load ssl.conf ssl.load
auth_ldap.load expires.load php5.conf suexec.load
cache.load ext_filter.load php5.load unique_id.load
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ls -l /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/
᜔ૠ 0
...ฃ... cgi.load -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/cgi.load
...ฃ... php5.conf -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.conf
...ฃ... php5.load -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.load
...ฃ... userdir.conf -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.conf
...ฃ... userdir.load -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.load
14-10 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈџоࣼ‫فڗ‬ಛϱԤ‫ڏ‬т᚞Ѵ‫ ޟ‬Apache2 ዁ಢџо‫ٺ‬ҢȂи

ӵԊ၆ࡣႱ೩ంҢ PHPȃҢИএΡᆩॲ‫ ڷ‬cgi ዁ಢȄ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ڗ‬೻‫ٲ‬ంҢ‫ޟ‬዁ಢѫϚ
ႆ࢐এಒဴ೿๖ᔬ‫ ڗ‬mods-availabe ၇७Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ѫौ‫װ‬Ѻւଶ൷ᜰഖ‫ٺ‬ҢȄष࢐
၎዁ಢԤ load ‫ ڷ‬conf ‫ڍ‬এᔬȂࠉ‫॒࢐ޱ‬೰᠞Σ၎዁ಢ‫ڒޟ‬Ԓ৲Ȃࡣ‫࢐ޱ‬၎዁ಢ
‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȂ‫ܚ‬оంҢ‫ܖ‬ւଶਢौ‫ڍ‬এ഍࡚ҳ‫ܖ‬ւଶಒဴ೿๖Ȅ
ᜰഖ PHP ዁ಢጒ‫ٽ‬ȞЙώւଶಒဴ೿๖‫ݲ‬ȟȈ
sudo rm /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.load
sudo rm /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

ంҢ PHP ዁ಢጒ‫ٽ‬ȞЙώ࡚ҳಒဴ೿๖‫ݲ‬ȟȈ
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.load
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.load
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.conf
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

଄ுോȂӵᜰഖ‫ܖ‬ంҢ዁ಢࡣȂौ१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache ോȊՄԃӣϞࠉඪ‫ޟڗ‬Ȃ

ӵ Ubuntu ၇७ᗙԤώ‫ڎ‬แԒџоՌଢ଼ᔓձᆓ౩዁ಢ໠ᜰ‫ޟ‬ಒဴ೿๖೩ۡȂ‫ר‬ঈ
౪ӵ‫پ‬ၐၐ֑ࣼȊ
ᜰഖ PHP ዁ಢጒ‫ٽ‬Ȟ‫ٺ‬Ңώ‫ڎ‬แԒȟȈ
sudo a2dismod php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

ంҢ PHP ዁ಢጒ‫ٽ‬Ȟ‫ٺ‬Ңώ‫ڎ‬แԒȟȈ
sudo a2enmod php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Մ๋‫ޱ‬Шၶ൉᠍ആႆώ‫ڎ‬แԒ‫پ‬ంҢ‫ܖ‬ᜰഖ዁ಢȂՍЍџоЍ҈࡞ӻԅȂζᗗ
ջ҈ᒿԅ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠমȊ
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-11

ంଢ଼‫ܖ‬ᜰഖ sites-available ၇७‫ޟ‬ຎᔣમѮ

ӵ Apache2 Ԋ၆ԁоࡣȂ‫ف‬ಛ၇७ѫԤΙএຎᔣમѮȂζ൷࢐Ⴑ೩ਲ਼Ҭᓃӵ
/var/www ‫ޟ‬٥এᆩમȄӵ Debian ‫ ڷ‬Ubuntu ၇७Ȃஅҏΰ࢐‫ܚװ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬મѮ഍࿋
ԙຎᔣᆩમ‫ࣼپ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оᆓ౩ΰོԤШၶԁ‫ޟ‬Ιम‫ܒ‬ȄՄоή‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ޱ๋࢐ٽ‬թ݈Ꮲ
ΰ७‫ޟ‬ȂଶΟႱ೩‫ޟ‬મѮоѴȂάӻΟΙএwww.emook.org.twຎᔣкᐠȂ೻ኺ
ӣΙএ Apache Server ൷૖ҢӣΙএ IP ݈୛ኵএᆩમȄ೻၇‫ޟ‬१ᘈӵܻᆓ౩મ
Ѯ࢐֏ంଢ଼ȄՄጒ‫ٽ‬ϛ‫ޟ‬಑ΠএຎᔣમѮ emook ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ࡚ҳ‫ޟ‬মȂ၏ಠ೩
ۡПԒȂོӵࡣ៉ണ࿽ඪЅȄ
ࢥࣼџҢમѮᇄంҢ‫ޟ‬મѮȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/apache2/sites-available/
default emook
root@www:/home/dbtsai# ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/
total 0
ฃ
... ... 000-cqis -> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
...ฃ... emook -> /etc/apache2/sites-available/emook

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈࣼ‫࢜ޟڗ‬ᄺ‫ڷ‬ಒဴ೿๖‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ڷ‬Ϟࠉᖿ዁ಢంҢᇄᜰഖΙኺȂ
‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫ٺ‬ҢЙώ࡚ҳ‫ܖ‬ւଶಒဴ೿๖Ȃ‫ޱܖ‬Ң Ubuntu ϱߣ‫ޟ‬ώ‫ڎ‬แԒȄ
Ԥਢঐӵ sites-enabled ၇‫ޟ‬ᔬਰࠉོԤኵԅȂ٥এ‫ؠ‬Ԥᜰ߽Ȅ‫ר‬ঈӵώ‫ڎ‬แԒ
၇७‫ܚ‬ё‫ޟ‬୤ኵӪᆎ࢐ sites-available ၇७٥Ι‫ٲ‬ോȊ
ᜰഖ emook મѮጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
sudo a2dissite emook
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

ంҢ emook મѮጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
sudo a2ensite emook
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

१ौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ
᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨ོ࡞ԁ‫ۉ‬Ȃӵ Ubuntu ၇७ຎᔣкᐠ‫ܖ‬዁ಢ‫ޟ‬೩ۡџо٥ቄ዁ಢϽȂ
‫װ‬Ϛӣђ૖‫ޟ‬೩ۡቸӵϚӣᔬਰȂӔ include ໌‫پ‬ȂᗗջΟ‫ܚ‬Ԥ೩ۡ഍ܹӵӣΙ
এᔬਰџоོ࡞༄‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂζ‫׽‬๡Οຎᔣкᐠቨё‫ܖ‬෵Ѝ‫ޟ‬ϚП߯Ȅ‫ڏ‬ᄂ Ubuntu
14-12 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

‫ ޟ‬Apache ‫ ڏ ڷ‬т ‫ ี ޟ‬՗ ‫ ގ‬Ι ኺ Ȃ ӵ ం ଢ଼ ‫ ޟ‬ਢ ঐ ࢐ ў ‫ ׺‬/etc/apache2/

apache2.confȂծ੫տ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃӵ Ubuntu ‫ ڷ‬Debian ‫ ޟ‬apache2.conf ԃоήϱৠȂ
Ԥ੫੆‫ޟ‬ӴПȄ
apache2.conf ၇७ႀԙ೩ۡђ૖Ϸᚔ‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȉ
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
# ᦰԵ mods-enabled ᇙ૿ࢬ‫ڶ‬೫ᚾ‫ټ‬ਢ load ࡉ conf ऱ๻ࡳᚾΖ
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
# ᦰԵ httpd.conf ሒ‫៱ࡉګ‬ठ apache ऱઌ୲ࢤΔࠀᦰԵ ports.conf ࠐਐࡳ
# Apache2 ࢬࠌ‫ش‬ऱຏಛകΖ
Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
# ᦰԵࠌ‫ृش‬ᠰ؆๻ࡳऱ๻ࡳᚾΔ߷Ꮦ༉լ‫ش‬ᐊ‫ ڇ‬apache2.confΔᄎֺለᖞᏘΖ
Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/[^.#]*
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
# ᦰԵ sites-enabled ᇙ૿ࢬ‫ڶ‬ဠᚵ‫׌‬ᖲ๻ࡳᚾΖ
Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/[^.#]*

‫ܚ‬оӵ᠞‫ ڥ‬apache2.conf ਢȂApache2 ོЕΣ mods-enabled ‫ ڷ‬sites-enabled

оЅ httpd.conf ‫ ڷ‬ports.conf ‫فڗ‬ಛϱȂ೻ζ࢐࣏ϧቄӵ Ubuntu џоୈ‫ڗ‬೩ۡ
ᔬђ૖Ϸᚔ‫ޟ‬নӰȄ
ߒ 14-3-1 Apache2 १ौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬᇄҬᓃ
೩ۡᔬ‫ܖ‬Ҭᓃ
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
/etc/apache2/mods-available/
ђ૖
ѹঋߞന‫ܠ‬ᕫȂҒ‫ף‬Ϟ‫ڀ‬೚ᑋᢜߞদঋന‫ܠ‬Ȃ‫ڭ‬
ԴႆবєϢ‫ێ‬ҁന‫ܠ‬ᕫȄ
ऎϞ՝ง೐Ϭўጀೡߞहਟ‫ݑ‬Ȃഺৎന‫ܠ‬ᕫ෩‫ڻ‬
ຜ‫ڱڤ‬ጀೡӡ apxs2 ‫֯ڽ‬ന‫ܠ‬ȄՂ FrontPage
Server බྻ‫د‬ന‫ܠ‬኷ԴഺႆȄ
‫ݙ‬գҞѽ‫ڹ‬ӡߞጀೡന‫ܠ‬ᕫൌྻ‫ݸ‬ԴഺႆবȂ‫ێ‬
К஘ᕫԩ࣏ load ߞ঑യႶϢ‫ۑ‬Ց਱Ȃ஘ᕫԩऎ
conf ࣏ႍጀೡߞന‫ܠ‬ᕫȄ
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-13

೩ۡᔬ‫ܖ‬Ҭᓃ
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/
/etc/apache2/sites-available/
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/
/etc/apache2/conf.d/
/etc/apache2/ports.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/apache2
/var/log/apache2/
/var/www
ђ૖
Ӥ‫ ݺ‬apache2.conf Ҫ include ഺৎӫᔂႆব‫ݙ‬գ
ߞ conf ۶ load ᕫȂԯթૌӒঋుӡႍጀೡߞ႖Ȃ
Ӆ༷ం mods-available ࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕۖթӫᔂȄ
ަྍԴ࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕ੡Ȃॶգ conf ᕫϵቮঋԢ੡
۶ load ᕫൌ࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕȄည๒ᡝ߰Ҟѽ‫ڹ‬ӡ
a2enmod ۶ a2dismod ‫ڽ‬ᇒನȄ
‫ݙ‬գҞѽ‫ڹ‬ӡߞໍᕢѹᑟന‫ܠ‬ᕫ‫ݸ‬၉഍Ȃᡝ߰Ҟ
ѽԴഺႆኧҐְߞໍᕢѹᑟȄ
ᅁቫϯ apache2.conf ྻుӡႍӫᔂܺϭ‫ݙ‬գന
‫ܠ‬Ȃԯթᡝ߰ቮঋం sites-available ࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕ
ۖթӫᔂȄϵҞѽ‫ڹ‬ӡ a2ensite ۶ a2dissite ᇒನȄ
ႆবҞѽ‫ݸ‬Ϙ‫ڱ‬ᡝ߰֋Ўߞᛝҳന‫ܠ‬ȂྻѧႵਟ
‫ݽ‬ᇒನȄ
‫ܠ‬၍ Apache2 Server ‫ڹݙ‬ӡߞ portȂჰന࣏ 80Ȅ
॔ᔂᕫ෈ᖖന‫ܠ‬Ȃညࣹ༓࢝Ђ੡ȂҞѽ৒‫ิڽؼ‬
ь࠲ՅงনȄ
ႍӫᔂܺϭՅ‫ݸ‬Ϟ Apache ߞԧᇌ॔ᔂᕫȄ
Apache2 ჰനߞᇨ঱‫ݸ‬၉഍Ȅ

ߒ 14-3-2 Apache2 १ौ‫ޟ‬ஈ՗ᔬ

ࡾх ђ૖
/etc/init.d/apache2 ఠۘ Apache ே֖Ȃ‫ݕ‬ᝯൕߞ scriptȄࢢবணዴҞ
ѽҐ startȂstop ‫ ݕ‬restartȄ
a2enmod ుஜணዴ‫ݙ‬ҐߞጀೡȂ১ನ࣏࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕۖ
mods-enableȄ
a2dismod ᝯൕணዴ‫ݙ‬ҐߞጀೡȂ১ನׁ࣏୵೑ၳാຕȄ
a2ensite ుӡணዴ‫ݙ‬ҐߞໍᕢѹᑟȂ১ನ࣏࢙Ӳ೑ၳാຕ
ۖ sites-enableȄ
a2dissite ᝯൕணዴ‫ݙ‬ҐߞໍᕢѹᑟȄ
apache2ctl -t ᕭࣤന‫ܠ‬ᕫ࣏‫׎‬գᓾሱ
apache2ctl -S ԕҍӫࡈ֨‫އ‬ᐡϯ‫ݙ‬գໍᕢѹᑟ
14-14 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

14.3.2 apche2.conf ೩ۡ
೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ᆠᒵӵ apache2.conf ၇७Шၶ१ौ‫ޟ‬ӴПȂ֙ວ᠞‫ޱ‬၎೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ཎဎ
‫ݧڷ‬ཎ‫ٱ‬໶Ȅӵ၎೩ۡᔬϛȂԤ࡞ӻೝຝ၌ଔ‫ޟپ‬ӴПᄂሬΰϐငϷᚔ‫ڏڗ‬тӴ
ПΟȂ‫ܚ‬оष‫ؠ‬Ԥ҆ौ‫ޟ‬ၗȂᏑ໔Ϛौ‫װ‬٥‫ٲ‬ຝ၌ଔ‫ݍޟپ‬ՙంҢমȊ
apache2.conf ၇७१ौ‫ޟ‬ӴПȈ
# Apache Server ๻ࡳᚾ࣋ᆜ๠
ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

# Client ‫ڍ‬Ն޲‫ڃ‬ᚨ༉ timeoutΔጻሁणኪլ‫ޏױړ‬ՕԫរΖ

Timeout 300

# KeepAlive ੡ਢ‫ܡ‬ၲඔຑᥛᓮ‫ޣ‬ऱ‫פ‬౨Δᅝ‫ؚ‬ၲழ‫ ڻޢ‬Client ጤ৬‫م‬ຑᒵ৵Δ

# ‫אױ‬૞‫ޣ‬ᑇଡᚾூΔۖլ‫ؘ‬૞ૹᄅ৬‫م‬ຑᒵΖ৬ᤜ‫ނ‬،‫ؚ‬ၲΔᄎ‫ֺڶ‬ለ‫ړ‬ऱய౨Ζ
# ۖ MaxKeepAliveRequests ਢ‫ ڻޢ‬Client ጤ৬‫م‬ຑᒵ৵Δ‫אױ‬૞‫່ޣ‬ՕऱᚾூᑇΔ
# ᦰृ๻‫ ګ‬0 ੡լૻࠫΔࢨृ‫ނאױ‬،๻೏ԫរΔ֠ࠡਢ‫ڇ‬ጻ଄ৰᓤᠧऱழଢΔ
# ய౨ᄎ‫ޏ᧩ࣔڶ‬࿳Ζຏൄ๻ 100 ࠩ 300 հၴբᆖৰജ‫ش‬೺Μ
# KeepAliveTimeout ਢᅝຑᥛᓮ‫ޣ‬ழΔClinet ጤ‫ڍ‬Ն޲‫ڇڶ‬ᤉᥛᓮ‫ޣ‬༉‫הނ‬ᔎՀᒵΖ
# ຍଡ໢‫ۯ‬ਢઞᤪΔլ૞ၲ֜ՕΔլྥᇷᄭ‫אױ‬ᄎ๯ຍࠄլᓮ‫ޣ‬ऱ Clinet ጤ‫۾‬ထΖ
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15

# StartServers ੡ Apache2 ඔ೯ழΔᄎඔ‫ش‬༓ଡ processesΔᦰृ‫אױ‬ຘመ ps -aux

# ࠐ᧭ᢞΖૉ‫܃‬ऱጻీੌၦৰՕΔ‫ޏאױ‬ՕԫរΔ‫܀‬ਢૉ‫ش‬ၦ޲‫߷ڶ‬ᏖՕΔᄎ௡၄
# ߓอᇷᄭΔຏൄቃ๻ऱ 5 բᆖৰജ‫ش‬ԱΖ
# MinSpareServers ‫ױ‬ၵᆜऱ່֟ processesΔຏൄຟᄎ๻ࡳऱࡉ StartServers ԫᑌΖ
# MaxSpareServers ່Օ‫ױ‬ၵᆜऱ processesΔૉ‫܃‬ऱጻీੌၦழՕழ՛Δ߷Ꮦຍଡଖ
# ‫אױ‬๻ՕԫរΔᝩ‫܍‬Գ‫ڍ‬ऱழଢ૞ၲᄅऱ processesΔ‫܀‬ਢ๻֜Օᄎᏺ‫ߓף‬อᇷᄭΖ
# MaxClients ່‫ڶאױڍ‬༓ଡড়֪ጤຑᒵΔቃ๻ऱ 20 ‫ڶ׏ۿ‬រ֟Δ‫܃ီאױ‬ጻీऱ
# ๵ᑓ‫ ࠩޏ‬200 ‫א‬ՂΖ‫܀‬ਢቃ๻լ౨၌መ 256Δૉ૞၌መऱᇩᏁ૞۞աᠰ؆‫ף‬Ղ
# ServerLimit ऱ೶ᑇΔࡳᆠ່Օ‫ڶאױ‬༓ଡ ClientΔຍଡଖ່Օࠩ 20000Δૉ
# ᝫ૞‫ڇ‬Օऱᇩ༉૞ଥ‫ࡨ଺ޏ‬ᒘऱࡳᆠΖ
# MaxRequestsPerChild ‫ޢ‬ԫଡ processes ‫֟ڍڶאױ‬ଡຑᒵᑇ૞‫ޣ‬Ζຏൄ๻‫ ګ‬0 ੡
# լૻࠫΖ
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 5
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-15

MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
# ServerLimit 3000 # ૉ MaxClient ૞Օ࣍ 256ΔᏁ૞‫ڶ‬ຍԫଡ೶ᑇΖ
MaxClients 20
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>

# ‫ڇ‬๻ࡳᚾփΔᝫ‫ הࠡڶ‬MPM ‫אױ‬ଥ‫ޏ‬Δ‫ ڕ‬worker ࡉ perchild ࿛Δ‫܀‬ຍࠄ‫ڶڇ‬

# PHP ऱᛩቼՀլᄎࠌ‫ࠩش‬Δࢬ‫אױृᦰא‬լ૞ጥ‫ה‬ଚΖ
# Apache2 Server ച۩ழࢬ‫ش‬ऱെᇆࡉᆢิΔૉ޲‫ڶ‬௽ܑऱ෻‫ط‬Δ‫אױ‬լ‫ޓش‬೯Ζ
User www-data
Group www-data

# ٤഑ऱᙑᎄધᙕᚾ࣋ᆜ๠Δଡܑဠᚵ‫׌‬ᖲऱ๻ࡳ‫ ڇאױ‬sites-available ‫׼‬؆ਐࡳΖ

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
# ਈಜΔ Տᆄլ૞‫ף‬Ղ‫װ‬Ζ‫ࠄڶ‬஼ᄎඒຍଡ૞‫ ګޏ‬Big5 ࠐ
AddDefaultCharset
# ᇞެ႖ᒘऱംᠲΔຍਢլ‫ړ‬ऱֱ‫ڤ‬Μຍଡֱ‫ڤ‬ᄎ‫ڇ‬।ᙰ༉ಬ‫נ‬ᎅຍଡጻ଄ਢ‫ش‬չᏖ
# ፿ߢᒳᒘΔ‫܀‬ਢૉ‫܃‬ऱጻ଄‫ ڶ‬big5 ࡉ utf-8 ෗‫ش‬ऱᇩΔ༉ᄎທ‫ګ‬ᙑᎄΜ
# ‫إ‬ᒔऱ‫܂‬ऄਢ‫ڇ‬ጻ଄ html փຟਐࡳᒳᒘΔ‫ڕ‬
# <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
# ৵૿߷ࠄ AddCharset ਢਐ‫֭אױ‬གऱᒳᒘΔቃ๻ຟ๻‫ړ‬ԱΔլ૞‫ޏ‬೯Ζ
#AddDefaultCharset Big5
AddCharset utf-8 .utf8
AddCharset big5 .big5 .b5

# ૉ޲‫ࣔڶ‬ᒔਐࡳጻ଄ᚾ‫ټ‬ΔApache2 ᄎࠉ‫אݧ‬Հႉ‫ࠐݧ‬ቫᇢಬ࿯ client ጤោᥦᕴ

DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml

14.3.3 ᆩમ೩ۡᔬ
ӵ apache2.conf ѫհΙ‫ٲ‬Ӓ୿‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂषौ೩ۡএտຎᔣкᐠ‫ܖ‬ᆩમ‫ޟ‬೩
ۡȂሯौও‫ޟ׽‬ӴП൷ӵ /etc/apache2/sites-available/ ၇७Ȅ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ӑϭಝ
ΙήႱ೩‫ޟ‬ᆩમ default ၇७‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂ᚞Ѵቨё‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠ೩ۡПԒ࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
Ⴑ೩ᆩॲ /etc/apache2/sites-available/default ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬᘝᒵȈ
NameVirtualHost *
<VirtualHost *>
14-16 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ
ServerAdmin dbtsai@localhost # ጻ଄ጥ෻ृ E-Mail
DocumentRoot /var/www # ጻ଄࣋ᆜऱ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ
# Options ᇙ૿‫ڶאױ‬๺‫ڍ‬೶ᑇΔ‫א‬Հലଡܑ១տΖ
# Indexes ʳ ᅝ Client ‫ބ‬լࠩ index.html ࿛ଈ଄ழΔ༉٨‫נ‬ᇠ‫ؾ‬ᙕࢍՀ
# ࢬ‫ڶ‬ᚾூΖ‫ڶڼڂ‬ԫរ‫ٲ‬ᙠࢤ‫ڇژ‬Δຏൄਢ৬ᤜᣂຨΖ
# FollowSymLinks ᨃ‫ڇ܃‬ᇠ‫ؾ‬ᙕࢍՀ‫ࠩ࠷ᦰאױ‬ฤᇆຑ࿨ࠩॺጻ଄௅‫ؾ‬ᙕփऱ
# ᚾூΖࠏ‫ڕ‬෼‫ڇ‬௅‫ؾ‬ᙕਢ /var/wwwΔ‫ݺ‬ଚ৬‫م‬ԫଡൕ
# /home/web ৬‫م‬ԫଡ soft link ࠩ /var/www/web ৵Δ
# ૉ‫ڶ‬ၲඔຍଡᙇႈΔթ౨ᦰ࠷ࠩ /var/www/web ऱփ୲Ζ
# MultiViews ༼ࠎ‫ٵ‬ԫଡጻܿ‫ڍڶ‬ഏ፿ߢऱ‫פ‬౨Ζ଺ࠐਢࠉᅃ Client ಬࠐ
# ऱ፿ߢೣ‫ ړ‬header ಬ‫ڃ‬լ‫ٵ‬፿ߢठ‫ء‬ऱጻ଄Ζࠏ‫ ڕ‬Google
# ༉ਢආ‫ش‬ຍጟֱ‫ڤ‬ሒ‫ٵګ‬ԫጻܿ‫ڍڶ‬ഏ፿ߢऱ‫פ‬౨Ζ
#
# AllowOverrideࡉ .htacces ‫ڶ‬ᣂΖ .htaccess ‫ڇאױ‬ጻ଄‫ؾ‬ᙕՀ࠷‫ז‬٤഑ऱ
# ጻీ๻ࡳΔຍᑌऱ‫ړ‬๠ਢ‫אױ‬ᨃԫ౳ࠌ‫ृش‬լ‫ ڶش‬root ᦞૻ༉‫אױ‬ଥ‫ޏ‬
# ೶ᑇΔࠌ‫ش‬ᐘࢤՈᄎֺለՕΖ،‫אױ‬๻ࡳऱ೶ᑇ‫אڶ‬Հ༓ଡΖ
# AuthConfig ‫ ڇאױ‬.htaccess ᇙ૿๻ࡳጻ଄ᎁᢞऱ‫פ‬౨
# Options ‫ ڇאױ‬.htaccess ᇙ૿ૹ๻ Options ᙇႈ
# All ‫א‬Ղࢬ‫פڶ‬౨ຟ౨‫ ڇ‬.htaccess ๯ૹ๻
# None լࠌ‫ ش‬.htaccess ࠐૹ๻᧢ᑇ
<Directory /var/www/> # ࡳᆠᇠ‫ؾ‬ᙕऱጻ଄ᦞૻ
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
# ๻ࡳ CGI ࿓‫ڤ‬ઌᣂ೶ᑇ
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
# ᙑᎄધᙕᚾ࣋ᆜऱ‫ֱچ‬
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
# ᙑᎄધᙕᚾऱધᙕᐋ్Δլ‫ٵ‬ऱ๻ࡳᄎ‫ڶ‬լ‫ٵ‬ऱધᙕ壄า৫Ζ
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-17

LogLevel warn
# ោᥦધᙕᚾऱ࣋ᆜ๠Δᇙ૿ધᙕԱ Client ጤᇡาᇷಛ
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined
ServerSignature On
</VirtualHost>

14.3.4 ቨёຎᔣкᐠ
ຎᔣкᐠ Virtual Host ‫ۡޟ‬ဎ࢐ΙѮ Apache кᐠџо೎౩຺ႆΙএ domainȂ
‫ٽ‬ԃԤ‫ڍ‬এᆩ֭഍ӣਢᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬၎кᐠ IPȂՄкᐠ૖‫ྱٷ‬ᆩ֭Ϛӣ๝ᇄϚӣ‫ޟ‬ᆩ
ॲȄ೻ᆍ‫׬‬ѽҢശӻ‫࢐ޟ‬кᐠюન୦ȂӰ࣏тঈϚџ૖๝ؐএ‫ܛ‬ન‫ޟ‬Ρএտкᐠ
ᇄ IPȂ‫ܚ‬оҢ೻ᆍПԒӵӣΙѮкᐠΰ࢜࡞ӻᆩમȄ
ᄂհ‫ޟ‬ПԒԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂΙᆍ࢐ IP BasedȂѪѴΙᆍ࢐ Host BasedȄ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬IP
Based ࢐၎кᐠԤ࡞ӻ‫ ޟ‬IPȂҢИ೿๖‫ڗ‬Ϛӣ IP ོԤϚӣ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬Ȃծ࢐೻ᆍП
Ԓԙҏ࡞ଽȂЎ‫࢐ڏ‬ӵҬࠉ IP ฻ી‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήȂծᓺᘈ࢐ᄇҢИᘲ។ᆒࣺৠ‫ܒ‬ശ
ԁȄHost Based ࢐Ϛӣᆩ୿ᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬ӣΙএ IPȂ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬೻‫ٲ‬Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ᆩ୿ོԤϚӣ
‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬Ȅ᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨ོ‫܏ۉ‬Ȃᄂሬ೿ጣϚ࢐‫ڷ‬ᆩ୿‫ؠ‬ᜰȂ٥ࡩኺႀԙ೻ᆍђ૖‫ڹ‬ȉ
଄Ϛ଄ு Client ‫ ڷ‬Server ྜ೽ਢȂӵ HTTP 1.1 ‫ۡڞ‬ϛೣۡ Client ौӵߒᓞଚю
Host ֙ວ Server ࢐ौ೿‫঺ڗ‬ΙএຎᔣкᐠȂӰԪ Server џо‫ٷ‬ᐃ೻এրۡौଚ
ӱ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲ࢐঺ΙএȄӰԪ‫ٺ‬Ң Host Based ‫׬ޟ‬೚҆໸ौᘲ។ᏢԤЛධϗ՗ȂҬ
ࠉඁнѿ७ΰ‫ܚ‬Ԥᘲ។Ꮲ഍ԤЛධΟȂ࢈౪ӵкࢺ‫ٺ‬Ң‫׬ޟ‬೚࢐ Host BasedȄ
᠞‫ޱ‬षौ࡚ҳཱི‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠȂॶӑौጂۡ‫࢐ޟ‬၎ᆩ୿ϐင೩ۡԁ DNS कᓃȂ
‫ٮ‬஠၎कᓃࡾөкᐠ‫ ޟ‬IPȄ๋‫ޟޱ‬ᕗც࢐ຎᔣкᐠ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭࢐www.emook.orgȂ
Մຎᔣкᐠᆩॲܹည‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐ /home/emookȄ
σഋϷຎᔣкᐠ‫ޟ‬ሯؑ࢐ Host BasedȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇‫ר‬ঈҰጒ‫ ࢐ޟ‬Host Based ‫ޟ‬
Virtual HostingȄҥܻႱ೩кᐠ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ default ϐင࢐࡞‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂ‫ר‬ঈ൷‫ޢ‬
௥ҢѺ‫پ‬࿋ጒҏ฿ཌও‫׽‬๝ຎᔣкᐠҢ֑Ȋ
ࢀೝጒҏȈ
cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
sudo cp default emook # ຍଡ emook ਢ࿝ृ۞ա࠷ऱΔᦰृ‫۞אױ‬աࡎ‫ټ‬
14-18 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

௥ή‫پ‬ጡᒮ೻এཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȄ
ཱི‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠ /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/emook ೩ۡᔬᘝᒵȈ
# NameVirtualHost * # ຍԫ۩૞ုᇞದࠐ
DocumentRoot /home/emook # ଥ‫ޏ‬ጻ଄࣋ᆜऱ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ
ServerName www.emook.org # ‫ף‬Եᇠဠᚵ‫׌‬ᖲࢬႜᦫऱጻ഑
<Directory /home/emook> # ଥ‫ࡳޏ‬ᆠጻ଄ᦞૻऱሁஉ
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>

ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳȂѫԤौ‫ ׽‬4 এӴПȂӑຝ၌௬ NameVirtuHost ࡣȂӔও‫ڍ׽‬এ‫ڷ‬ਲ਼

ҬᓃԤᜰ‫ޟ‬ၯ৷ȂᗙԤёΣཱི೩ۡ ServerNameȂ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ӴП഍џоϚሯौ‫؁‬ଢ଼Ȅ
ంҢཱི‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠમѮȈ
sudo a2ensite emook
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

14.3.5 ‫ٺ‬Ң mod_deflate ‫پ‬ᔆᕻᆩॲ‫ٮ‬࿽ࣸᓜቶ

ौё‫פ‬ᆩॲ᠞‫ڥ‬ഀ࡙Ȃџо௃ᘗшᆩમᓜቶ‫ޱܖ‬ድ٘ᆩॲ๿ЙȄծӵѮᢊᓜቶ
࡞ິ‫ޟ‬௑‫ל‬ήȂԃդ࿽ࣸᆩમ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᓜቶ‫پ‬ৠઽ‫؁‬ӻ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ΰጣ࢐‫؁‬१ौ‫ޟ‬ដ
ᚠȄԃσড়‫ޣܚ‬ၾ‫ޟ‬ȂસМԅᔬџоᔆᕻ‫ߨڗ‬லωȂσ྅࢐ন‫ ޟپ‬40%оήȂष
࢐ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩમоМԅ࣏к‫ޟ‬ၗȂంҢᆩॲᔆᕻσ྅џо࿽ࣸΙјоΰ‫ޟ‬ᓜቶȄᔆᕻ
ᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ԁ೎Ϛѫ࢐ձᆩમ࿽ࣸΙј‫ޟ‬ᓜቶȂᡱџоӣਢΰમ‫ޟ‬Ρኵԙ࣏‫ॻڍ‬Ȃζ
Ӱ࣏ᆩॲᔆᕻ໷߯ᡱҢИ‫פ؁‬ᘲ។ᆩॲ‫ڹ‬Ȋ࿋ณᔆᕻᆩॲζ࢐Ԥᚽ೎‫ޟ‬ȂѺོቨ
ёթ݈Ꮲ‫ ޟ‬CPU ೎౩॒ᐊȂϚႆӵᒋ໔ᓜቶ‫ ڷ‬CPU ೎౩ਢ໢ȂᆗΙᆗᗙ࢐ᔆᕻ
ᆩॲШၶӘᆗȄҬࠉ೻ᆍ‫׬‬ѽӵӨσᆩમ഍Ԥ‫ٺ‬ҢȂԃ Google ‫ ڷ‬Yahoo ้Ȅ
‫ܖ‬೨᠞‫ོܐོޱ‬ϚོԤΙ‫ٲ‬ᘲ។ᏢϚЛධȂ٥ଚႆўᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲོϚོᡱтঈ
Ϛ૖ࣼ‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂϚҢᐊЖȂӰ࣏ӵᘲ។Ꮲ‫ڷ‬թ݈Ꮲ፜ؑᆩॲ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞȂོ֙ວթ݈
Ꮲџо௥‫ޟڧ‬ᔆᕻਿԒȂӰԪ࿋ᘲ។Ꮲ‫ؠ‬ԤЛධᔆᕻਢȂթ݈ᏢϚོଚюငႆᔆ
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-19

ᕻ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲȂ‫ݷ‬иҬࠉѿ७ΰඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥкࢺ‫ޟ‬ᘲ។Ꮲ഍ϐငЛධᆩॲᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃ
ӰԪ๋‫࡚࢐ޱ‬ដσড়഍џо໠ంᆩॲᔆᕻ዁ಢȊ
ष᠞‫ޱ‬དौ‫ޣ‬ၾ࢚এᆩॲթ݈Ꮲ࢐֏ԤЛධᆩॲᔆᕻȂ҆໸ौ௃ᘲ។Ꮲ‫ڷ‬թ݈
Ꮲ‫ྜޟ‬೽ߒᓞր᠞Ȃծ࢐Ӱ࣏Ⴑ೩ Firefox ‫ؠ‬ԤЛධᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޣޱ‬ၾ೻‫ٲ‬ଉ਀Ȃ‫ܚ‬
оሯौԊ၆Ιৈ livehttpheaders http://livehttpheaders.mozdev.org ‫ޟ‬Ѵ௮Ȃष
ձѫ࢐ौంଢ଼ᔆᕻ዁ಢծϚད‫ޣ‬ၾ঺‫ٲ‬ᆩમԤඪ‫ټ‬ᔆᕻђ૖Ȃ೻এџоϚҢԊ
၆ȄԊ၆ࡣȂ೿‫ڗ‬ձདौกၐ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲȂӵ Firefox ၇७ᒵᐅȶώ‫ڎ‬ȷШȶॲ७ၥ
ଉȷШȶheaderȷџоࣼ‫ڗ‬ԃყ 14-3-1 ϱᡗҰ‫ߒޟ‬ᓞၥଉȄӵ኿଄ 1 ‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐
ᘲ។Ꮲ༈๝թ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ЛධᔆᕻਿԒȂ኿଄ 2 ࢐թ݈Ꮲ֙ວᘲ។Ꮲ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ᔆᕻਿ
ԒȄ࿋ᘲ។ᏢԤЛධȂծթ݈Ꮲ‫ؠ‬ԤЛධਢȂ٥ቄӵ኿଄ 1 এӴПᗙ࢐ΙኺȂծ
࢐኿଄ 2 ‫ޟ‬ӴП൷ϚོԤᔆᕻၥଉȂӰԪᘲ។Ꮲ൷ོҢ‫ؠ‬Ԥᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ПԒ೎౩Ȅ೻
এѴ௮ӣਢζ૖ு‫ޣ‬ᆩॲ‫ޟ‬σωȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоၐ๿ంҢᔆᕻ‫ؠڷ‬ԤంҢᔆᕻ‫پ‬Шၶ
ࣼࣼȂӵ๋‫ޟޱ‬ᆩॲϛȂॶॲ‫ؠ‬ԤᔆᕻԤ 6k ѾѡȂᔆᕻࡣσघѫ഻ή 1.7kȂσ
घᡐԙন‫ޟپ‬έϷϞΙȄ

ყ 14-3-1 րտ࢚ᆩॲթ݈Ꮲ࢐֏Ԥంଢ଼ᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ђ૖
ంҢᆩॲᔆᕻ዁ಢȈ
sudo a2enmod deflate
14-20 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

࿋ంҢΟᔆᕻ዁ಢࡣȂႱ೩ᆩॲᗙ࢐ϚོᔆᕻȂ҆໸ौՌϏࡾۡ঺‫ٲ‬᜸࠮‫ޟ‬ᔬ
ਰौᔆᕻȄ೻এ೩ۡџоܹӵӨএຎᔣкᐠ‫ޟ‬এտ೩ۡϱȞsites-availableȟȂ
ᡱϚӣ‫ޟ‬кᐠԤϚӣ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌȂ‫ޱܖ‬ՌϏቸΙএཱི‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬܹӵ conf.d ၇७Ȃ೻
এ൷ᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬ຜ௑‫ל‬ՌϏ‫ؚۡ‬Ȅ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬ಬᄛ࢐ܹӵ conf.d ၇७ᡱ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣ
кᐠџо‫ٴ‬Ң‫ڗ‬ᆩॲᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ԁ೎Ȅ
ጡᒮᔆᕻ዁ಢ೩ۡᔬ /etc/apache2/conf.d/deflate.confȈ
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# ᚘᜍ෷๻ࡳΖଖ‫אױ‬ਢ ࠩ Δଖ။Օᚘᜍ෷။೏Δጻ଄။՛Ζ
1 9
# ຏൄ๻੡ 5 ࢨ 6 ༉ജԱΔ٦೏༉ਢ௡၄ߓอᇷᄭΖ
DeflateCompressionLevel 6

# ‫࣍ط‬ቹᚾբᆖ‫ڶ‬ᚘᜍመΔ٦ᚘᜍய෷լ‫ړ‬Δࢨृ‫ ڕ‬MP3 ࿛ᚾூΔ٦ᚘᜍய෷

# լ೏Δࢬ‫ݺא‬ଚࣔᒔऱਐࡳୌԫࠄ௑‫ڤ‬૞ᚘᜍΜ௑‫ڤ‬٨।ᦰृ‫אױ‬೶‫ە‬
# /etc/mime.typesΖ‫ࠄڶ‬Գࠌ‫ش‬٤ຝᚘᜍऱ๻ࡳΔ‫׼ڇ‬؆ඈೈլ૞ᚘᜍऱᚾூΔ
# լመຍᑌৰ୲࣐‫ݱڶ‬ԱඈೈऱΔᖄીᚘᜍࠩॺ֮‫ڗ‬ᚾࠌ Server ய౨᧢஁Δࢬ‫א‬
# ࿝ृᝫਢ໛ᦟࠌ‫ش‬ଡܑਐࡳऱֱ‫ڤ‬Ζ‫א‬Հਢ࿝ृࢬ‫ش‬ऱփ୲Δᦰृ‫אױ‬೶‫شࠌە‬Ζ
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom_xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-php
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-fastphp
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-eruby
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/postscript

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# ๠෻ᚘᜍመጻ଄ᆖመ proxy ऱംᠲ
Header append Vary User-Agent
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
 14.3 Apache2 ೩ۡ 14-21

೻၇Ӕԩඪᒺ᠞‫ޱ‬ȂᆩၯΰԤ‫ٲ‬Ρ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ೣࠌ࢐ӑ೩‫ܚ‬Ԥᔬਰ഍ौᔆᕻȂณࡣ
Ӕ‫װ‬Ϛौᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ѪѴ೩ю‫پ‬ȄԪਢषձ‫ٽ‬Ѵ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೩‫ ڗ‬avi ᔬȂ೻ਢঐ࿋ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩમ
Ԥ໠ܹ೻᜸‫ޟ‬ᔬਰᡱΡήၷȂձ൷ᄞ୨Ȋ೻ᆍᔬਰᔆᕻ഍ौඁ̈ϷមȂૉາ CPU
ၥྛ࡞σȂᔆଔ‫پ‬ඁнϚོᡐωȂԪਢձ‫ޟ‬ᆩમІՄོ჋ᓹഀȊ‫ܚ‬о࡚ដձѫᔆ
ᕻМԅᔬਿԒ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȄ
१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache2Ȉ
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆϞࠉଆ፣‫ ޟ‬Firefox Ѵ௮ livehttpheaders ‫پ‬ጂᇯձ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲкᐠ࢐

֏ϐငంҢᔆᕻᐠ‫ڙ‬Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџо‫ٺ‬ҢΙ‫ࢺٲ‬໔ᅿ௡೺ᡝȂԃ MRTG ้้Ȃձ
ོี౪ձ‫ࢺޟ‬໔ᡐωσ྅ΙјমȊ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ζོ෵Ѝܲࡪᆩၯ࡞ᄚ୨Ȋ
᠞‫ޱ‬џо‫װ‬Өএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬᠞‫ڥ‬ᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ᔆᕻ౥ቸ‫ڗ‬कᓃᔬϛȂϞࡣζџоҢΙ‫ٲ‬ώ
‫ڎ‬แԒ‫پ‬Ϸ‫ݙ‬ᆩમᔆᕻࡣࢺ໔෵ЍӻЍȂ‫ڷ‬ᔆᕻ๊౱้໌໦ដᚠȄ
ҥܻ೻এकᓃᔬ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬौቸӵӨএຎᔣкᐠ೩ۡ၇७Ȃฒ‫ܹݲ‬ӵӒ୿ᡐኵ
၇Ȃծ࢐‫װ‬Ѻ‫ޢ‬௥ቸӵ sites-available ၇७ོ࡞༄Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫࢐ޱ‬ಬᄛ᚞Ѵቸӵ‫ڏ‬
тӴПȂӵҢ include ‫ޟ‬ПԒЕΣȄ೻ኺกၐ‫ׇ‬ԙࡣȂζџо‫ڥ‬ੑ೻এकᓃᔬक
ᓃ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃ‫پ‬࿽ࣸ‫ف‬ಛᔬਰު໢Ȅ
ጡᒮ /etc/apache2/DeflateNote.conf Ȉ
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
DeflateFilterNote Input instream
DeflateFilterNote Output outstream
DeflateFilterNote Ratio ratio
LogFormat '"%r" %{outstream}n/%{instream}n (%{ratio}n%%)' deflate

# ધᙕᚾ‫ۯ‬ᆜ๻ࡳ৬ᤜլ૞࣋‫ڇ‬ຍᇙΔຍᑌ‫ڍאױ‬ଡဠᚵ‫׌‬ᖲ٥‫ ش‬DeflateNote.conf
# ࠀ‫׊‬ધᙕᚾຟ։ܑધᙕࠩլ‫ٵ‬ऱ‫ֱچ‬Ζ
# CustomLog /var/log/apache2/deflate.log deflate
</IfModule>

௥ή‫پ‬ौ‫װ‬೻এђ૖ܹ‫ڗ‬ຎᔣкᐠ೩ۡ၇७Ȃጡᒮձौकᓃ‫ޟ‬ຎᔣкᐠ೩ۡᔬ
֑Ȋ
14-22 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

ጡᒮ /etc/apache2/sites-available/default Ȉ
<VirtualHost *>
# ‫ڇ‬ VirtualHost ৵૿‫ף‬Ղ‫א‬Հຍࠟ۩Ζ
include /etc/apache2/DeflateNote.conf # ֧Եᚘᜍ෷ધᙕ
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/deflate-default.log deflate # ๻ࡳધᙕᚾ࣋ᆜ‫ۯ‬ᆜ
೩ۡԁࡣȂ१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache2Ȃശࡣ໠ܹкᐠ๝‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬กၐȂႆΙࢲਢ໢ࡣȂ
᠞‫ޱ‬џоўϷ‫ݙ‬कᓃᔬȂࣼࣸή‫ޟپ‬ᓜቶԤӻЍȂӨᆍϚӣਿԒ‫ޟ‬ᔆᕻ౥࢐ӻ
ЍȂ࢐֏Ԥџоᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ᜸տ‫ؠ‬Ԥёΰў‫ܖ‬Ϛџᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬᜸տೝᔆᕻ‫ڗ‬ΟȂӔў
ಠഋ፡ᐌೣࠌȄ
ᢎࣼᔆᕻ౥कᓃᔬȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ more /var/log/apache2/deflate-default.log
"GET /cindex.php HTTP/1.1" 5558/26844 (20%)
"GET /pic/pic%20dll/c-paper1.gif HTTP/1.1" -/- (-%)
"GET /cindex.php?name=./c/project.htm HTTP/1.1" 9240/30380 (30%)
"GET /pic/title/c-program.gif HTTP/1.1" -/- (-%)
"GET /cindex.php?name=links.htm HTTP/1.1" 5281/24956 (21%)
"GET /pic/title/tlink.png HTTP/1.1" -/- (-%)
"GET /pic/lorp.gif HTTP/1.1" -/- (-%)

ԃ๋‫ޱ‬ᆩમȂඁн‫ܚ‬ԤસМԅᔬ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲᔆᕻࡣѫԤন‫ ޟپ‬25% ѾѡȂषՃኌ

ყᔬ‫ؠ‬Ԥᔆᕻ‫ޟ‬ၗȂσ྅ᓜቶџо࿽ࣸΙјȂ‫ٮ‬и CPU ၥྛσघӻএ 5% ՄϐȄ
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ζӱൢᆩમІᔖഀ࡙ᡐ‫פ‬ΟȊ଄ுോȂกၐ‫ׇ‬ΟоࡣȂ࡚ដ‫װ‬ᔆᕻ౥कᓃ
ᔬ਌௬ȂϚณ࡞լު໢Ȅ

14.3.6 ంҢএΡᆩॲ
ӵ Ubuntu ၇७ȂApache2 ‫ٺװ‬Ң‫ޱ‬এΡᆩॲᐿҳ‫ڗ‬Ιএ᚞Ѵ‫ޟ‬዁ಢ‫ڷ‬೩ۡ
ᔬȄӰԪौ໠ం‫ܖ‬ᜰഖ‫ٺ‬ҢএΡᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ђ૖࢐࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬Ȅ
ంҢএΡᆩॲȈ
sudo a2enmod userdir
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 14.4 PHP ೩ۡ 14-23

ᜰഖএΡᆩॲȈ
sudo a2dismod userdir
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

এΡᆩॲ‫ޟ‬೩ۡΙૡџоϚሯौও‫׽‬Ȃծ࢐Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬೩ۡԤంҢ IndexesȂζ൷
࢐ᘲ។Ꮲӵ‫ײ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬Ⴑ೩ᆩॲਢོӖю‫ܚ‬Ԥ၎Ҭᓃή‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬џоຜՌϏ
ሯौўও‫׽‬Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬೩ۡȄ೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ϱৠϐငӵ 14-3-2 Ԥ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ᇳ݂Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џ
о୤Ճ٥၇‫ޟ‬၌ភȄ
এΡᆩॲ೩ۡᔬ /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.confȈ
<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
# ‫ृشࠌڇ‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕࢍՀऱ public_html ੡ଡԳጻ଄‫ؾ‬ᙕ
UserDir public_html
# ᣂຨ root լ౨ࠌ‫ش‬ଡԳጻ଄
UserDir disabled root
#‫א‬Հਢቃ๻ऱଡԳጻ଄‫ؾ‬ᙕ๻ࡳΔૉᦰृ૞ଥ‫ګޏ‬լਢ࣋‫ ڇ‬public_html ऱᇩΔ# ૞‫ٵ‬ழଥ‫ ޏ‬UserDir
ࡉ ‫א‬Հऱ Directory ᇙ૿ऱ‫ؾ‬ᙕ‫ۯ‬ᆜΖ
<Directory /home/*/public_html>
AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
</Directory>
</IfModule>

೩ۡԁΟоࡣȂΙૡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џоӵՌϏড়Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ή࡚ҳ public_html ‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ‫پ‬

ԆܹᆩॲȂ‫ٮ‬иᘲ។Ꮲџоആႆhttp://192.168.0.183/~UserName/ ‫پ‬೿‫ڗ‬၎‫ٺ‬
Ң‫ޟޱ‬এΡᆩॲȂ‫ڏ‬ϛ UserName ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬ழဴȄ

14.4 PHP ௩‫ס‬

14.4.1 ೩ۡᔬ೩ۡ
଩ӫ Apache2 ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬PHP ዁ಢஅҏΰϚሯौӔও‫׽‬Ȃծ࢐Ԥ‫ٲ‬ᆩॲ࢐Ң ASP
style tagȂ‫ޱܖ‬Ԥ‫ٲ‬ᙟ‫ޟ‬แԒӵ༈ሎᡐኵ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ௴ҢӒ୿ᡐኵ‫ޟ‬ୈ‫ݲ‬Ȃծӵ PHP5
Ⴑ೩ϐငᜰഖӒ୿ᡐኵ༈ሎ‫پ‬ᗗջΙ‫ٲ‬ԊӒ‫ܒ‬୰ᚠȄ೻ਢঐषདौເ೻‫ٲ‬Ԟ෈‫ޟ‬
แԒȂ൷ுौՌϏও‫׽‬Ιή PHP ೩ۡᔬȄ‫ܚ‬о೻၇Ϛ૖ջ߹‫ޟ‬ौ฿ཌϭಝΙή
14-24 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

೩ۡᔬϱৠȄඪᒺ᠞‫ޱ‬ΙήȂӵ PHP ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ࢐‫ٺ‬ҢϷဴ ; ‫پ‬࿋ԙຝ၌‫ޟ‬໠ᓞȂ

᠞‫ޱ‬ϚौཤᒿΟমȊ
PHP ೩ۡᔬ१ौഋӋᘝᒵ /etc/php5/apache2/php.iniȈ
; ඔ‫ ش‬ASP style tagΔຏൄ‫ڰڇش‬ཚࠌ‫ ش‬FrontPage ၲ࿇ ASP ࿓‫ڤ‬ழΔ
; ‫ ?< ش‬phpinfo(); ?> ຍጟ tag ࠐ࠷‫ ?< ז‬phpinfo();?> ຍጟ‫إ‬๵ऱ tagΖ
asp_tags = Off

; ‫ޢ‬ଡ PHP ࿓‫່ڤ‬Օ‫אױ‬ച۩ऱழၴ (ઞ)ΔຏൄլᏁ૞‫ޏ‬೯Ζ

max_execution_time = 30

; ‫ ڻޢ‬PHP ࿓‫ڤ‬։࣫૞‫ޣ‬ऱᑇᖕࢬ౨ࠌ‫ش‬ऱ່Օழၴ (ઞ)Ζ

max_input_time = 60

࿓‫່ڤ‬Օ౨ࠌ‫ش‬ऱಖᖋ᧯़ၴΖ‫ࠄڶ࣠ڕ‬࿓‫ڤ‬Ꮑ૞ֺለ‫ڍ‬ऱಖᖋ᧯Δ
; PHP
; ‫۞אױ‬աࠩ 32M ࢨृ‫ޓ‬೏Ζ
memory_limit = 8M

; ඔ೯٤഑᧢ᑇΔຍਢৰլ‫ڜ‬٤ऱୀΜ‫܀‬ਢૉ‫ڰ܃‬ཚऱ࿓‫ ڇڤ‬POST ࡉ GET ऱ

; ᧢ᑇ޲‫ەڶ‬ᐞࠩຍଡംᠲΔ༉൓૞‫ނ‬، On ದࠐΖլመᇨᚪऱ৬ᤜ‫ ءބ܃‬PHP ऱ
; ஼ࠐ‫ݫ‬ᚩຍଡംᠲΔྥ৵ଥ‫إ‬࿓‫ڤ‬ᒘΖ࿝ृམᆖ๠෻መ‫شܓ‬ຍጟ bug ๯Եॿऱీ‫؀‬Δ
; ‫ؚߠױ‬ၲຍଡᙇႈऱ‫ڜ‬٤ࢤ‫ٲ‬୭ৰՕΔࢬ‫א‬৬ᤜլ૞‫ؚ‬ၲΖ
register_globals = Off

; ່Օ‫אױ‬ՂႚऱᚾூՕ՛Ζ
upload_max_filesize = 2M

଄ுও‫ ׽‬php.ini ࡣȂΙۡौ१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache2 Server ϗོҡਝমȊ

14.4.2 ‫ٺ‬Ң eAccerator ‫پ‬ёഀ PHP แԒ

ᗶณ PHP แԒጆ࡞ৠܾእቸȂԙ࣏ϛω࠮ᆩમശ‫ޟٹ‬၌‫ؚ‬ПਰȂծ࢐ѺϚ࢐
‫ؠ‬Ԥીᘈ‫ޟ‬Ȅҥܻ PHP ឴ܻ‫ޢ‬ឍԒᇭِȂ‫ܚ‬оӵஈ՗‫ޟ‬ਢঐሯौ‫ޢ‬ឍᏢ
Ȟinterpreterȟ‫װ‬แԒጆ։ਢᙚឍԙ࣏ᐠడᇭِȞopcodeȟȂ‫ܚ‬оਝ૖‫ؠ‬Ԥ٥‫ٲ‬
ሯौጡឍ‫ ޟ‬C++ ‫ ޱܖ‬Java ٥ቄ‫פ‬Ȋҥܻ࢐։ਢᙚឍԙ opcodeȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ PHP
Еᔝΰζ࡞ᜲശ‫ٹ‬ϽΙ‫ٲ‬ଟ୼๊౱้Ȃ೻ζ࢐ PHP ਝ૖Ϛᄔ‫ޟ‬ѪѴΙএনӰȄ
 14.4 PHP ೩ۡ 14-25

‫ܚ‬оѿ७ΰ൷ю౪ΟӨᆍёഀᏢȂџо‫ װ‬PHP ‫ޢ‬ឍࡣ‫ ޟ‬opcode ᓽԆଔ‫پ‬Ȃ

ϚሯौؐΙԩஈ՗഍ሯौӵ१ཱིᙚឍΙԩȂԪਢஈ՗ PHP ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖ོШ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң
ᗙौ‫פ‬Ȃζ൷࢐џоആႆёഀᏢ‫پ‬෵Ѝ PHP ӵթ݈Ꮲΰ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬CPU ၥྛȄਝ
૖ቨё‫ޟ‬ӻᄀ‫ڷ‬ᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ፒᚕ࡙ԤᜰȂᆩॲູፒᚕџоശ‫ٹ‬Ͻ‫ޟ‬ӴПູӻȂζџо
ࣸή‫ູپ‬ӻ։ਢᙚឍ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢Ȃࡸྱ๋‫ޟޱ‬ငᡛ࢐џоቨёσघ 10% ‫ ڗ‬400% Ѿ
ѡ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲթ݈Ꮲਝ૖Ȃζ൷࢐ϚՃኌᓜቶ୰ᚠ‫ޟ‬ၗȂӵࣺӣ‫ޟ‬฽ᡝၥྛџоҁ֯
ቨёσघΙॻ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ȅ
ശԤӪ‫ޟ‬୦ཾёഀᏢ൷࢐ Zend OptimizerȄՄ PHP Engine ζ࢐ҥӣΙϴѧᆰ
៖‫ޟ‬Ȅ၎ϴѧӵ PHP Еᔝ࢐௴‫ڥ‬໠ܹনۖጆ዁ԒȂᡱσড়഍џо‫ٺ‬Ң PHP ‫پ‬ቸ
ᆩॲȂ‫ٮ‬и௃݈୛ᇄёഀᏢ‫پ‬ᕕுϴѧ‫ޟ‬ցዜȄ࿋ณ၎ϴѧζ࢐ PHP ‫ޟ‬ਯЖᆰ
៖‫ޱ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оࣺৠ‫ڷܒ‬ਝ૖࢐ശԁ‫ޟ‬Ȃծ࢐ቋਿζ࢐ശິ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौ‫ڷ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ϸ
‫࢐ޟٴ‬໠ܹনۖጆПਰȄ
ඁԑࠉਝ૖ശԁ‫ ޟ‬PHP ёഀᏢ࢐ Turck MMCacheȂծ࢐၎ёഀᏢ‫ޟ‬հ‫ޱ‬ೝ
Zend ࡷُȂ‫ܚ‬о MMCache ൷ඁн൷‫ؠ‬Ԥี৤ΟȄࡣ‫پ‬ΙတΡ௥ήΟ MMCache
‫ޟ‬নۖጆȂ‫ٮ‬и१ཱི‫׽‬ቸȂԙҳΟ௥ή‫پ‬ौϭಝ‫ཱིޟ‬டਰ eAcceleratorȄ
ҥܻ eAccelerator Ҭࠉᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥೝ Ubuntu ԝᓃȂՄӵ Ubuntu ৈӇ৲၇७‫ޟ‬
MMCache ϚЛධ PHP 5Ȃ‫ܚ‬ооήҰጒ‫ר‬ঈ஠௃ tarball Ԋ၆Ȅ
ॶӑ௃http://www.eaccelerator.net/ ήၷনۖጆȂҥܻ eAccelerator ौ 0.9.5
оΰϗЛධ Ubuntu ϱߣ‫ ޟ‬PHP 5.1Ȃ‫ܚ‬о೻၇๋‫ٺޱ‬Ң 0.9.5-rc1 հ࣏ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ᠞
‫ޱ‬џоԊ၆ശཱི‫ގޟ‬ҏȄ
Ԋ၆ eAcceleratorȈ
# Հሉ଺ࡨᒘΔሁஉ‫ױ‬౨ᄎ‫ޓ‬೯Δᦰृ۞ա‫װ‬Հሉរ‫ܣތ‬Μ
dbtsai@www:~$ wget
http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5/eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1.tar.bz2

# ᇞᚘᜍ଺ࡨᒘ
dbtsai@www:~$ tar xvf eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1.tar.bz2

# ‫ڜ‬ᇘᒳ᤟ழࢬᏁऱ୚ٙࡉࠤ‫ڤ‬஄
dbtsai@www:~$ sudo apt-get install build-essential php5-dev
14-26 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

dbtsai@www:~$ cd eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1

# ข‫س‬ᒳ᤟ࢬᏁऱิኪ๻ࡳᚾ
dbtsai@www:~/eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1$ phpize
dbtsai@www:~/eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1$ ./configure

# ၲࡨᒳ᤟
dbtsai@www:~/eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1$ make
# ‫ڜ‬ᇘࠩߓอՂ
dbtsai@www:~/eaccelerator-0.9.5-rc1$ sudo make install

# ৬‫ م‬eaccelerator ࢬࠌ‫ش‬ऱᑉ‫ؾژ‬ᙕ
dbtsai@www:~$ sudo mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
dbtsai@www:~$ sudo chmod 0777 /tmp/eaccelerator

௥ή‫پ‬ौጡᒮ php.ini ‫ װ‬eAccelerator ‫ޟ‬዁ಢంଢ଼Ȅ᠞‫ޱ‬ѫሯौӵ php.ini ‫ޟ‬ശ

ࡣ७ёΰоήඁ՗൷џо୨Ȋ
ӵ /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini ശࡣ७ёΰоήඁ՗Ȉ
; ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
; ๻ࡳᚾᇞᤩᓮ೶‫ ە‬http://eaccelerator.net/wiki/Settings
extension="eaccelerator.so"
੡ ‫شࠌאױ‬ऱಖᖋ᧯Օ՛Δቃ๻ऱ 16 ‫ڶ‬រլജΔ‫אױ‬
; shm_size eAccelerator
; ‫ ࠩޏ‬64 ࢨ 128Δီ‫ࣚۻ܃‬ᕴՂऱಖᖋ᧯ۖࡳ
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
 14.4 PHP ೩ۡ 14-27

१ཱིంଢ଼ Apache2 ᡱতত‫ޟ‬೩ۡҡਝȈ

dbtsai@www:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

೻ኺυ൷Ԋ၆ԁΟমȊ௥ή‫پ‬џоกၐ‫ۻڗ‬ਝ૖ቨёӻЍȂӵཾࣨᆩॲթ݈
Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖࢐‫ٺ‬Ң Apache Benchmark (ab2) ೻এแԒ‫پ‬กၐȄҥܻ ab2 ོੑૉ௬
࡟กкᐠ‫ޟ‬ၥྛȂ‫ٮ‬иོᡱᐌএᆩၯ഍ᗍܻᖅԔ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȂ‫ܚ‬оձषौกၐձ‫ޟ‬թ
݈ᏢȂ፜ӵҏᐠΰ‫ޱܖ‬ӣΙএୢ୿ᆩၯϱกၐȂ೻ኺϗོԤғጂ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬ȄζӰ࣏
೻এแԒོੑૉ௬ඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥೝกၐкᐠ‫ޟ‬ၥྛȂ‫ܚ‬оषᄇߨձ‫ޟ‬кᐠกၐ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
џ૖ོೝຜ࣏ߢᘞԒȞDoSȟ‫׾‬ᔞȂ‫ܚ‬оտ༄ᄇߨငႆ௲᠌‫ޟ‬кᐠกၐോȊ
ab2 ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒȈ
# ຍଡᒤࠏ༉ਢኙᇠጻܿ࿇‫ נ‬5000 ଡᓮ‫ޣ‬Δࠀ‫ شࠌ׊‬20 ऱ thread
ab2 -n 5000 -c 20 http://xxx.xxx.xxx/index.php

ӵ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ‫ޟ‬กၐ๖‫ݎ‬ϛȂনӑթ݈Ꮲؐऌџоඪ‫ ټ‬11 এଢ଼ᄘ፜ؑȂԊ၆Ο

ёഀᏢࡣџоඪ‫ ټ‬32 এଢ଼ᄘ፜ؑȂσघቨёέॻ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲթ݈Ꮲਝ૖Ȃζ൷࢐ӵ
ӣኺӻ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ήȂџоघࣸήέϷϞΠ‫ ޟ‬CPU ၥྛȄ
ѪѴ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоആႆ 14-2-2 ၇७ඪЅ‫ ޟ‬phpinfo() ‫ڒ‬Ԓ‫پ‬ᕣ၌‫ ڗ‬eAccelerator
ϐငೝғጂ‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ȂԪਢོԃყ 14-4-1 ю౪ eAccelerator v0.9.5-rc1 ‫ޟ‬ԅ՛Ȅ

ყ 14-4-1

଩ӫϞࠉඪ‫ޟڗ‬ᆩॲМԅᔬᔆᕻ‫پ‬࿽ࣸᓜቶȂӵёΰ‫ٺ‬Ң eAccelerator ‫پ‬࿽ࣸ

೎౩ଢ଼ᄘᆩॲ‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ ޟ‬CPU ၥྛȂӵ๋‫ޟޱ‬এΡᆩમџоᡱശଽጣΰΡኵӵӻ
ΰέॻȂ೻ζ࢐ӵԤ३‫ޟ‬ၥྛϱᔆᄵюശԁ‫ޟ‬ਝ૖Ȅѓ֤Ӓ౨ശσ‫ޟ‬໠ܹনۖጆ
14-28 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

ᆩમhttp://sourceforge.net/ ഍‫ٺ‬Ң eAccelerator ΟȂ‫ڏ‬Ѻ‫ޟ‬ᆩમ‫࢐؁‬Ϛॎ‫ڏ‬ኵȄ

‫ٮ‬иᄇܻଆ፣ୢ‫ޱܖ‬Ι‫ٲ‬σ࠮‫࢜ޟ‬મᐠԃ xoops ้Ȃёഀਝ‫݂࢐؁ݎ‬ᡗȂᖑ݂‫ޟ‬
᠞‫࣏ޱ‬դϚ๝ѺΙএᐠོўკၐࣼࣼ‫ڹ‬ȉ

14.5 MySQL ௩‫ס‬

௃ 1995 ԑ MySQL ភю‫ڗ‬ᆩၯΰ๝σಀ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ‫ڗ‬౪ӵϐငႆΟ̈ඁএԑᓞȄ
ᓍ๿‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬Ρཕ‫پ‬ཕӻȂູ‫ູپ‬ԙዣȂѺζ໠ۖၮٗন‫پ‬σ࠮୦ཾၥਟ৲ѿൟȄ
Մন‫ޟپ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬ಢԙΟ MySQL AB ϴѧȂо݈୛‫ޱܖ‬୦ཾ௲᠌‫پ‬ᕕுϴѧ‫ޟ‬ց
ઉȄ၎ϴѧᡱ MySQL ᏿Ԥᚖ१௲᠌ȂΙএ࢐ GPL ௲᠌ȂΙএ࢐‫ؽ‬Ԥ೺ᡝ௲᠌Ȃ
ᡱΙૡಒӫ GPL ‫ݲ‬ೣ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢџо‫ޢ‬௥ӵᆩၯΰήၷ‫ٺ‬ҢȂषႄ‫ڗ‬୰ᚠȂџоՃ
ኌпາ๝ MySQL AB ϴѧ၌‫ؚ‬Ȅष࢐ौᐌӫ MySQL ‫پ‬հߨՌҥ೺ᡝ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ٥ቄ
MySQL AB ζԤ‫ؽ‬Ԥ೺ᡝ‫ޟ‬௲᠌џо፲๝ձȄ
Ӱ࣏୦ཾϽ‫ޟ‬ᜰ߽ȂMySQL ‫ޟ‬໠ี‫ޱ‬ӵԤߜາ‫ޟ‬໠ีᕗცήџоฒࡣ៫Ϟ኏
‫׽ޟ‬๡ MySQLȂҬࠉѺᅚᅚ᏿ԤΙ‫ٲ‬୦ཾၥਟ৲‫ܚ‬ሯौ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬ȂӰԪ༈ಛ‫ޟ‬ၥ
ਟ৲೺ᡝϴѧ໠ۖ‫ࡄڗڧ‬૏Ȃᄚᄚ‫ޟ‬ζ໠ܹтঈ‫ޟ‬౰ࠢӵ࢚‫ٲ‬నӇήջາ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ
‫ל‬ԙ‫ܒي‬ᝯ‫ތ‬Ȅ
ҥܻ SQL ࢐Ιߞᐿҳ‫ޟ‬Ᏸ୰Ȃӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ฒ‫ݲ‬၏ಠ‫ޟ‬ଆ፣Ȃஅҏΰ MySQL ‫ޟ‬
‫ݍ‬ՙሯौΙҏடਪϗ૖೽ዺᕣ၌ȂӰԪ೻၇ѫ૖๝᠞‫ޱ‬Ι‫࡞ٲ‬அᙃ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ
ࡩኺരӋ‫ڷ‬ও‫׽‬஝ጆ้้Ȅӵᆓ౩ၥਟ৲ΰȂषौ‫ٺ‬ҢМԅ዁Ԓ‫پ‬ᆓ౩‫ڏ‬ᄂ࡞Ϛ
П߯Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоՃኌԊ၆ phpMyAdmin ‫پ‬ᆓ౩Ȃ၏ಠ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒ፜୤ՃᆩၯΰМ
ണ‫ࣺޱܖ‬ᜰਪᝲȄ

14.5.1 ‫ן‬Ο‫ܖ‬ও‫ ׽‬MySQL ஝ጆ

ӵ Ubuntu ‫ ܖ‬Debian ‫ ޟ‬MySQL ഍ԤΙএ࡞੫੆‫ޟ‬ழဴ debian-sys-maintȂ೻
এழဴ࢐Ԋ၆‫ ׇ‬MySQL ࡣՌଢ଼౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬и᏿Ԥ‫ܚ‬Ԥ᠌३ȄѺ‫ޟ‬ழဴ‫ڷ‬஝ጆቸ
ӵ /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ၇७Ȅ࣏ΟԊӒӰશȂѺ‫᠌ޟ‬३࢐ 600Ȃζ൷࢐ѫԤ root
џоࣼ‫ڗޟ‬ѺȊҥܻ೻এழဴ‫ޟ‬஝ጆ࢐ᓍᐠ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ٮ‬ϚᎌӫҢӵᆩॲϛ‫ܖ‬
‫ڏޱ‬тғԒҢഊΰȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎‫װ‬೻এழဴ࿋ԙ௿ࡨҢ‫ޱܖ‬ᆓ౩‫ٺ‬ҢȄᗙԤΙএሯ
ौ᠞‫ݧޱ‬ཎ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬Ϛ૖‫ޢ‬௥‫ ׽‬debian.cnf ‫׽پ‬೻এழဴ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȂ೻࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥਝ
 14.5 MySQL ೩ۡ 14-29

‫ޟ‬ȊᄂሬΰѺ‫ޟ‬஝ጆ࢐ܹӵၥਟ৲Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձ‫׽‬Ο၎ᔬਰࡣᗙ࢐Ϛོӣ؏ӱၥਟ৲
၇७ȂUbuntu ‫װ‬஝ጆቸӵ٥এᔬਰસᆞ࢐ඪᒺ᠞‫ڷޱ‬௿ࡨ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬মȊषઍ‫ޟ‬ႁ
Ϛுϐौ‫׽‬Ȃ҆໸ও‫ ׽‬debian.cnf ࡣȂӔҢࡣ७ᖿ‫ޟڗ‬ПԒও‫׽‬၎ழဴ‫ޟ‬஝ጆ‫ڗ‬
ၥਟ৲Ȅ
debian.cnf Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo more /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint # එ৺‫ش‬െᇆ
password = bsP8stUuZRqKvhre # එ৺‫ش‬യᒘ
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint
password = bsP8stUuZRqKvhre
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

࿋‫ޣ‬ၾ࢚ழဴ‫ޟ‬஝ጆਢȂџо‫ٺ‬ҢоήПԒও‫׽‬Ȃ೻এПԒΙૡএΡ MySQL
‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ζџо‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
ӵ‫ޣ‬ၾনۖ஝ጆ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬ήও‫ ׽‬MySQL ஝ጆȈ
െᇆ> -p password <ᙁԵ‫܃‬૞ऱᄅയᒘ>
mysqladmin -u <
# ਊ ENTER ৵ᙁԵ଺ࠐऱ៱യᒘ

࿋ձϚ‫ޣ‬ၾনӑ‫ޟ‬஝ጆਢȂ‫ޱܖ‬஝ጆᒸѶ้้Ȃџо‫ٺ‬Ң௿ࡨழဴ‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆ
‫پ‬ও‫ڏ׽‬тழဴ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȄ࿋ձও‫׽‬ႆ debian.cnf ौ‫װ‬тӣ؏ӱၥਟ৲Ȃζџо‫ٺ‬
Ң೻ᆍПԒȄ
Ңࡨ௿ழဴ‫ ޱܖ‬root ழဴও‫ڏ׽‬тழဴ‫ ޟ‬MySQL ஝ጆȈ
# ૉࠌ‫ृش‬वሐ MySQL root യᒘழΔՈ‫ٵشࠌאױ‬ᑌֱ‫ࠐڤ‬ଥ‫הࠡޏ‬െᇆയᒘΖ
# ᅝࠌ‫ش‬එ৺െᇆழΔࠡኔ‫אױ‬լ‫ش‬ᙁԵെᇆࡉയᒘΔऴ൷‫אش‬Հਐ‫֧ח‬Ե debian.cnf
# mysql --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ mysql -u < එ৺െᇆ> -p

14-30 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ
Enter password: <---- ຍᇙᙁԵ‫ ڇ‬Debian.cnf ઎ࠩऱയᒘ
mysql> use mysql
# ‫א‬Հᒤࠏଥ‫ޏ‬ root യᒘ੡ abcdef Δ‫ٵ‬ᑌऱֱ‫הࠡޏאױڤ‬െᇆ # Ո‫ شאױ‬set password for
root@localhost = password('abcdef);
# լመຍଡਢࣔᒔਐࡳଥ‫׌ڇޏ‬ᖲ localhost ՂऱെᇆΖ
mysql> update user set password=password('abcdef') where user='root';
# ലᦞૻધᙕ‫ޓ‬ᄅ
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit

ശࡣΙᆍ௑‫ ࢐ל‬debian.cnf ၇७‫ޟ‬ழဴೃӪ‫ޟּڏ‬Ϛ૖ҢȂՄи root ழဴ‫ޟ‬

஝ጆζཤҵΟȂ೻ਢঐ൷ШၶബྮΟȊԪਢሯёΰࣸ౱ழဴᇯᜌ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ‫پ‬౱ႆழ
ဴᔮࢥ‫໌ٮ‬Σ MySQL ‫ف‬ಛϛȄ
࿋ϧቄழဴ஝ጆ഍Ϛ‫ޣ‬ၾਢȂও‫ ׽‬MySQL ஝ጆ‫ޟ‬ПԒȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop # ᣂຨ MySQL
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-table &
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ mysql
# ൷Հࠐ༉ࡉՂԫଡᒤࠏԫᑌΔᙁԵ SQL ਐ‫ࠐח‬ଥ‫ޏ‬യᒘΔഄԫլ‫ٵ‬ऱਢ
# ຍଡֱ‫ڤ‬ၞԵ MySQL ਢլ‫ش‬യᒘऱΜࣹრΔ‫ݙޏ‬৵૞᎔‫ݶ‬ᣂຨ MySQL
# ٦‫إش‬ൄऱֱ‫ૹڤ‬ᄅඔ೯Δլྥৰ୲࣐๯ԵॿΜ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown # ᣂຨ MySQL ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ
Enter password: <---- ᙁԵଶթ‫ݙޏ‬ऱയᒘ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start # ඔ೯ MySQL ‫ࣚۻ‬ᕴ

14.5.2 ၥਟ৲രӋ
ଶΟആႆ phpMyAdmin ‫پ‬Ңᆩॲϭ७രӋၥਟ৲Ȃலَ‫ޟ‬հ‫࢐ݲ‬രӋᐌএ
/var/lib/mysqlȂᗙন‫ޟ‬ПԒζ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃѫौࢀӱў։џȂ೽லོ଩ӫ crontab ۡ
ਢ‫װ‬၎Ҭᓃ tar ଔ‫پ‬Ȅ
‫ٺ‬Ң tar രӋ‫ׇ‬ᐌၥਟ৲Ȉ
sudo tar zcvf sql_backup.tgz /var/lib/mysql
 14.5 MySQL ೩ۡ 14-31

ծ࢐ആႆരӋ /var/lib/myqsl ‫ޟ‬Һ඲‫ܒ‬Шၶ৯ȂԤਢঐ඲‫ڗ‬Ϛӣ‫ގ‬ҏ‫ ޟ‬MySQL

кᐠџ૖ོϚࣺৠȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇๋‫ޱ‬Шၶல‫ װ‬SQL ၥਟ dump ‫ڗ‬ΙএМԅᔬ၇७Ȃ
೻၇७ᗙོѓ֤ᗙনၥਟ৲‫ ޟ‬SQL ࡾхȂ‫ܚ‬о࡞ৠܾள‫ڗ‬Ϛӣкᐠΰᗙন‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
‫ٺ‬Ң mysqldump രӋၥਟ৲Ȉ
# ࠌ‫אش‬Հਐ‫ شאױח‬root ߪٝໂٝ mysql ຍଡᇷற஄ࠩ filename.sql
# ૉ૞ᐊ‫ ڇ‬crontab ᇙ૿ࠌ‫ش‬Δ߷ᏖᙁԵ MySQL root െᇆऱയᒘਢৰ຾ᅀऱΜ
# ‫ڼ‬ழ࿝ृᄎ಻‫ ٽ‬--defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf
# ۞೯ᙁԵെᇆയᒘΖૉ૞ໂٝᖞଡᇷற஄ऱᇩΔᏁ૞‫ ش‬--all-databases ऱ೶ᑇΖ
mysqldump -u root -p --databases mysql > filename.sql

оήጒ‫ٽ‬஠ོЕΣ debian.cnf ‫پ‬ႀԙϚሯौᒯΣ஝ጆ‫ޟ‬രӋȂи஠‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ܚ‬Ԥ

‫ޟ‬ၥਟ৲഍രӋଔ‫پ‬Ȃӣਢζᔆᕻԙ gz ᔬȄӰ࣏ϚሯौᒯΣ஝ጆȂ࡞ᎌӫܹӵ
crontab ၇७Ռଢ଼ۡਢരӋȄdump ή‫ ޟپ‬SQL নۖᔬ࢐МԅᔬȂԤਢঐӵ༈ሎ
ਢོӰ࣏Ϛӣ‫ف‬ಛ඲՗้୰ᚠ‫װ‬ᔬਰཬྒȂ‫ܚ‬оᔆᕻଔ‫پ‬џоᗗջ೻এ୰ᚠȂи
σघོᡱരӋ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ෵Ѝ‫ڗ‬ন‫ ޟپ‬30% ѾѡȄ
‫ٺ‬Ң mysqldump ‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
# ‫א‬Հ‫۩ࠟڶ‬Δรԫ۩່৵૿ऱ \ ‫ז‬।ང۩Ζ‫࣠ڕ‬լ‫ \ ؚ‬Ո‫אױ‬Δ༉൷Հ‫ؚװ‬Δ
# լ‫ش‬ང۩ΖᦰृՈ‫ شאױ‬bzip ࠷‫ ז‬gzipΔᚘᜍ෷ᄎֺለ‫ړ‬Δլመᚘᜍ
# ழၴᄎ‫ڍ‬ৰ‫ڍ‬଍Μ

dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo mysqldump --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf \

--all-databases | gzip > backup.sql.gz

# ਷઎ໂٝᚾփ୲
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ zcat backup.sql.gz
-- MySQL dump 10.10
-- Host: localhost Database:
-- Server version 5.0.22-Debian_0ubuntu6.06.2-log ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘdbtsai@ubuntu:~
$

ΰ७‫ٺ‬Ң mysqldump ή‫ޟپ‬ၥਟ৲രӋᔬҏ፴࢐МԅᔬȂ٥‫ר‬ঈौԃդඈন

‫ڗ‬ၥਟ৲၇७ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ר‬ঈѫौ‫ٺ‬Ң mysql -u root -p < backup.sql ‫༘پ‬Σ၎Мԅ
ᔬȄႄ‫ڗ‬ᔆᕻႆ‫ޟ‬ၥਟ৲ᔬਰȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂၾ౩࢐Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ȄӰ࣏Ϟࠉᖞ‫ٽޟ‬υ࢐ᔆᕻႆ
14-32 ಑ 14 ണ ᆩॲթ݈ᏢȞLAMP ࢜ᄺȟ

‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӵоήጒ‫ٽ‬ϛ๋‫ٺޱ‬Ң zcat ആႆ stdin ଚ‫ ڗ‬mysql ೻এแԒȂ‫ٮ‬иցҢ

debian.cnf ၇७‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆ‫پ‬ႀԙϚሯौᒯΣ஝ጆ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȅ
஠ᔆᕻࡣ‫ ޟ‬backup.s ql.gz ၥਟ৲രӋᗙনጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ zcat backup.sql.gz | sudo mysql \
--defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

14.5.3 ໠ం port 3306 ᡱߨҏӴᆒкᐠ೿ጣ

࣏ΟԊӒ‫ܒ‬ӰશȂႱ೩ MySQL ࢐Ϛϰ೨ client ᆒ௃ߨҏᐠᆒ೿ጣࢥၚၥਟȄ
ӵႱ೩‫ޟ‬՗࣏ϛȂclient ᆒѫ૖ӵҏᐠആႆ /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ‫ڷپ‬
MySQL թ݈Ꮲྜ೽Ȃζ൷࢐ӵ༈ሎၥਟਢ࢐Ϛആႆ port 3306 Մ࢐ആႆ၎ socket
‫پ‬ඪ‫ټ‬ϱഋԆ‫ࢥڷڥ‬ၚȄ
ष᠞‫فޱ‬ಛ‫ޟ‬ೣგ࢐ MySQL кᐠᐿҳю‫پ‬ȂԪਢᆩॲкᐠ൷ሯौആႆ port
3306 ‫ ڷپ‬MySQL кᐠ೿௥Ȃ೻ਢঐ൷҆໸ӵ MySQL ΰ໠ం port 3306Ȅ‫ޱܖ‬
᠞‫ޱ‬དौᡱ၎ MySQL кᐠඪ‫ټ‬๝࡞ӻߨҏӴᆒ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ٺޱ‬ҢȂζሯौ҈໠ port
3306Ȅӵ҈໠ port 3306 ࡣȂ࡚ដ᠞‫ޱ‬ौ೩٩Ьᕓ‫پ‬३‫ڙ‬џоԆ‫ڥ‬၎ MySQL թ
݈Ꮲ‫ ޟ‬client ᆒ՝ညȂϚณ࡞ৠܾೝΣ߭Ȅ
ौ ᡱ ߨ ҏ Ӵ ᆒ ‫ ٺ‬Ң ‫ ޱ‬џ о ‫ ٺ‬Ң MySQL ѫ ौ ԃ о ή ጒ ‫ ٽ‬ў ও ‫׽‬
/etc/mysql/my.cnfȂᐌএႆแѫौຝ၌௬Ι՗Ȃ௥ή‫پ‬१ཱིంଢ଼ MySQL թ݈Ꮲ
ᡱཱི೩ۡҡਝȄ
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
# ုᇞൾՀԫ۩ࠐඔ‫چءॺش‬ጤ‫࠷ژ‬
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
 DHCP ѩ‫و‬ዢ

DHCPȞDynamic Host Configuration Protocolȟ࢐ौᡱ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᆒՌଢ଼‫ڥ‬ுᆩ

ၯಢᄘ೩ۡ‫ۡڞޟ‬Ȅ࿋‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң೻এ‫ۡڞ‬ਢȂᆩᆓሯौؐѮႫသ഍๝ᇄᆩၯ IPȂ
ӎ࢐ೣგ൷࡞ബྮΟȂՄиσഋӋ‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬೿ࡩኺ೩ۡ IP ഍Ϛσ఼ཿȂശࡣᗙ
ுौᆩᆓᒑՌю଻Ȅ
ӰԪആႆ DHCP Server ‫پ‬ᡱӨএ DHCP Client Ռଢ଼೩ۡԁᆩၯ࢐࡞Ԥਝ౥‫ޟ‬
‫ٱ‬௑Ȃᆩᆓ௃ԪϞࡣ൷ϚሯौΙѮΙѮ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᆩၯΟȂѺџоՌଢ଼଩ี࢚এᆩࢲ
‫ ޟ‬IPȂζџоҢ MAC Address ‫࢚ۡࡾپ‬ඁѮႫသ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ۡھ‬IPȄӵϴѧ‫ܖ‬ᏰਮȂ
оЅড়ϛ‫ٺ‬Ң IP Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ꮲ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼‫ڥ‬ு IPȂ഍࢐‫ٺ‬Ң DHCP ೻ኺ‫׬ޟ‬ѽȄ
ӵ࢜೩ࠉȂձᔖ၎ӑጂᇯձ‫ܚ‬឴‫ޟ‬ୢᆩ૖Ϛ૖ᡱձ࢜೩ DHCP ServerȄ࿋ন‫پ‬
ୢᆩΰϐငԤ DHCP ServerȂषձӔ࢜ΰ಑ΠѮȂོᏲम Client ᆒϚ‫ޣ‬ၾौ᠙٥
Ѯ଩ี‫ ޟ‬IPȂོഅԙᆩၯσ༄ോȊ
15-2 ಑ 15 ണ DHCP թ݈Ꮲ

15.1 DHCP ‫ོڟ‬Ѱ୩ባ

࿋ DHCP Client ौ‫ ڷ‬DHCP Server ‫ڥ‬ு IP ਢȂDHCP Client ᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೩ۡԁᆩ
ၯȂ٥ࡩኺ‫ ڷ‬DHCP Server ौ IP ‫ڹ‬ȉ଄Ϛ଄ுӵȶᆩၯ྅፣ȷ‫ޟ‬ӴПፙႆୢ୿
ᆩၯϱџоആႆኄኬ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ‫ࡌװ‬ѓҵ‫ܚڗ‬Ԥୢᆩΰ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ‫ڹ‬ȉDHCP Client ൷
࢐ցҢ೻ᆍПԒ‫پ‬೿௥ DHCP Server ‫ޟ‬Ȅᙏ൐‫ࢺޟ‬แԃήȈ
1. ॶӑ DHCP Client ҵюΙএ UDP ࡌѓȞDHCP DiscoverȟȂ၇७‫ ྛپ‬IP
‫ ڷ‬Port Ϸտ༲ 0.0.0.0ȃ68ȂҬӴ IP ‫ ڷ‬Port Ϸտ༲ 255.255.255.255ȃ67Ȅ
ณࡣ‫װ‬Ѻܹӵᆩၯቹѓ၆Ȃ‫ٮ‬ӵ਱࢜ߒᓞ༲ΰՌϏ‫ ޟ‬MAC Address ࡣȂ
ଚюўኄኬȄ
2. Ԫਢᐌএୢ୿ᆩၯ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ഍ོԝ‫ڗ‬೻এࡌѓȂծ࢐၌໠оࡣȂོี౪ҬӴ
࢐ 255.255.255.255Ȃ‫ܚ‬оΙૡ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ഍ོ‫װ‬೻এࡌѓҵణȄծ࢐࿋ DHCP
Server ԝ‫ࡣڗ‬Ȃོี౪೻࢐ौ๝Ѻ‫ޟ‬Ȃܻ࢐Ѻོ‫װ‬၎ࡌѓᐈଔ‫پ‬ȄϞࡣོ
Шᄇ‫ ޟྛپ‬MAC Address ࢐֏ӵ DHCP Server ΰԤ೩ۡौ๝ᇄ‫ ۡھ‬IPȂ
षԤ‫ޟ‬ၗȂࠌ‫ ྱٷ‬Server ΰ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄༈ӱ೩ۡ঄๝ Client ᆒȄष‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ
ོᒵ‫ڥ‬џีܹ IP ၇७ᗙ‫ؠ‬ԤΡҢ‫ ޟ‬IP ๝ Client ᆒȂ೻ਢঐ༈ӱ Client ᆒ
‫ࡌޟ‬ѓᆎ࣏ DHCP OfferȄ‫ݧ‬ཎমȂӵୢᆩϱѫौԤ MAC Address ൷џо
༈ଚࡌѓȂϚሯौ้‫ڗ‬೩ۡԁ IP ಢᄘȄ
3. ࿋ Client ԝ‫ ڗ‬Server ๝Ѻ‫ޟ‬೩ۡࡣȂོӑҢ ARP ᔮࢥ၎ IP ࢐֏ϐငԤΡ
‫ٺ‬ҢȂषϐငԤΡ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ Client ൷ོีΙএ DHCP Declient ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓ๝
ServerȂ֙ວ Server Ϛོ‫ٺ‬Ң၎ IPȂӔ१ཱི௃؏᡽ 1 ໠ۖौ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬IPȄष
Client ᆒกၐ࣏၎ IP ‫ؠ‬ԤΡҢȂོีΙএ DHCP Request ๝ Server ጂᇯ
‫ٺ‬Ң၎ᆩၯ೩ۡȄ
4. ശࡣ Server ԝ‫ ڗ‬DHCP Request ࡣȂServer ᆒོӔีΙএ DHCP Pack ࡌ
ѓȂጂᇯ๝ᇄ‫ ޟ‬IP નघҡਝȂԪਢϗ‫ׇ‬ԙᐌএ DHCP ‫ࢺޟۡڞ‬แȄ
5. ӵ؏᡽ 2 ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂServer ོ๝ Client ᆒΙএӫघਢ໢Ȃ࿋‫ٺ‬Ң຺ႆΟӫघ
ਢ໢൷ሯौ१ཱི៉घȂζ൷࢐Ӕ१ཱིເΙԩ DHCP ‫ࢺޟ‬แȄ೽ல࿋ Server
ᆒџоϷ଩‫ ޟ‬IP ࡞шٗਢȂ៉घོᓺӑ๝ӣኺ‫ ޟ‬IPȂष࿋ Server ᆒ‫ ޟ‬IP
Ң‫ࡣׇ‬Ȃџ૖ོฒ‫៉ݲ‬घȂ൷ሯौ௶໥้ঐΟȄ
 15.2 DHCP ᄂሬԊ၆ 15-3

15.2 DHCP ဂᄬЊཆ

ߒ 15-1 DHCP Server १ौ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰᔬਰ
ђ૖ ೩ۡᔬ
ఠۘ DHCP ుஜ‫ݕ‬ᝯൕߞ script ᕫ /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server
DHCP ന‫ܠ‬ᕫ /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
DHCP Client ૧ॗ॔ᔂᕫ /var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases
ौԊ၆ DHCP Server ࡞ᙏ൐ȂѫौᒯΣоήࡾх൷ԁΟȄ
Ԋ၆ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server

Ԋ၆‫ࡣׇ‬ȂѺོՌଢ଼‫ װ‬/etc/init.d/dhcp3-server soft link ‫ ڗ‬rc2.d ~ rc5.dȂζ

൷࢐໠ᐠࡣӵ೻‫ ٲ‬runlevel ϛ഍ོՌଢ଼ంଢ଼ DHCP թ݈ᏢȄ‫ٮ‬иོӵԊ၆‫ࡣׇ‬໷
߯ంଢ଼Ȃ࿋ณԪਢ೩ۡᔬᗙ‫ؠ‬Ԥ೩ԁȂ‫ܚ‬оంଢ଼ོѶఁȄӰԪ೩ۡԁ೩ۡᔬࡣȂ
᠞‫ޱ‬ሯौӔՌϏ१ཱིంଢ଼Ȅ
१ཱིంଢ଼ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

ంଢ଼ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start

ᜰഖ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server stop

ΰ७‫ࡾޟ‬хζџоҢ invoke-rc.d ‫ڥ‬фȂϚႆ๋‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐ಬᄛஈ՗ init.d ၇७‫ޟ‬௡

‫ ڙ‬scriptȄ
१ཱིంଢ଼ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo invoke-rc.d dhcp3-server restart # ৵૿೶ᑇ‫אױ‬ਢ stopΔstart
15-4 ಑ 15 ണ DHCP թ݈Ꮲ

षौᡱѺ໠ᐠਢϚौՌଢ଼ஈ՗Ȃѫौւଶ rcX.d ၇७‫ ޟ‬soft link ։џȄ೻၇ඪ

ᒺ᠞‫௴ܚޱ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬update-rc.d ‫ޟ‬ПԒȄ
೩࣏ۡ໠ᐠਢϚौՌଢ଼ంଢ଼ DHCP ServerȈ
sudo update-rc.d -f dhcp3-server remove

೩࣏ۡ໠ᐠਢՌଢ଼ంଢ଼ DHCP ServerȈ

sudo update-rc.d -f dhcp3-server defaults

15.2.1 ีܹਗ਼ଢ଼Ԓ IP

Ӱ࣏ Ubuntu Ⴑ೩‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ࡞ߝȂ‫ܚ‬о೻၇‫ר‬ঈ‫װ‬ѺരӋࡣȂՌϏ௃ᓞ‫پ‬ቸ೩
ۡᔬོШၶП߯Ȅ
രӋন‫ ޟپ‬DHCP Server ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo mv /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf.bak

໠ۖቸཱི‫ ޟ‬DHCP Server ೩ۡᔬȈ

sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

೩ۡᔬ dhcpd.conf ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

# ຍଡ๻ࡳਢᅝ‫֪ش‬ᥛપࠌ‫ ش‬IP ழΔਢ‫ܡ‬૞ૹᄅᒔᎁᄅऱ DNS Server
# ࿯ড়֪ࠌ‫ش‬Δ‫ ࣍ط‬DHCP v2 լ֭གΔࢬ‫א‬੡Աઌ୲ࢤ଺‫ڂ‬৬ᤜ๻੡ noneΜ
ddns-update-style none;

# ቃ๻ऱ఺પઞᑇ (ຍᇙ‫אױ‬լ૞๻ΔՈ‫אױ‬ऴ൷๻ࡳ‫ڇ‬৵૿ऱ೴഑᧢ᑇᇙ)
default-lease-time 600;

# ່Օऱ఺પઞᑇ (ຍᇙ‫אױ‬լ૞๻ΔՈ‫אױ‬ऴ൷๻ࡳ‫ڇ‬৵૿ऱ೴഑᧢ᑇᇙ)
max-lease-time 7200;

# ๻ࡳጻ഑ domainΔᅝড়֪ጤ‫ࠩگ‬৵Δᄎ‫ ࠩף‬resolv.conf ᇙ૿

# ۖኔᎾ‫פ‬౨ᓮᦰृ೶‫ە‬ጻሁ๻ࡳ߷ԫᆏΔ‫ڼڂ‬ຍଡ๻ࡳਢ‫ྤױڶױ‬ऱΜ
# Ո‫אױ‬ຍᇙլᐊΔᐊ‫ڇ‬೴഑᧢ᑇᇙΖ
option domain-name "emook.org";
 15.2 DHCP ᄂሬԊ၆ 15-5

# ‫္ܫ‬ড়֪ጤ‫شࠌאױ‬ऱ DNS ServerΔড়֪ጤ‫ࠩگ‬৵Δ

# ‫۞אױ‬೯๻‫ ړ‬DNSΔຍଡ๻ࡳՈ‫אױ‬ᐊ‫ڇ‬೴഑᧢ᑇ
option domain-name-servers 168.95.192.1, 168.95.1.1;

# ࡉ dhcp log ᚾ‫ڶ‬ᣂΔᦰृ‫׽‬Ꮑ૞ᐊՂ‫ױܛװ‬

log-facility local7;

# ๻ࡳᇠጻ੄ऱᢝܑ‫ז‬ᇆ (NetID)Δଖ੡ᇠጻ੄รԫଡ IP
# netmask ༉ࠉᅃጻ੄Օ՛๻ࡳ‫ױܛ‬
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

# ๻಻࿇ऱ IP ᒤ໮Δ‫ڶאױ‬ᑇଡ
# ‫ڇ‬ຍଡࠏ՗Δല಻࿇ 10 ࠩ 20 ࡉ 35 ࠩ 45 ऱ IP
range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.20;
range 192.168.0.35 192.168.0.45;

# ๻ࡳࢬࠌ‫ش‬ऱ gateway (router)

option routers 192.168.0.1;

# ᐖᐾ‫( ܿچ‬broadcast)Δຍ‫אױ‬ൕ netmask ࡉ subnet

# ጻ੄ጩ‫נ‬Δࢬ‫ྤױڶױא‬Δ‫ڼ‬ଖ੡ᇠጻ੄່৵ԫଡ IP
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;

### ૉ٤഑᧢ᑇ‫ڶ‬๻ऱᇩΔ๻ࠩຍᇙ༉‫אױ‬ՠ‫܂‬Ա
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option domain-name "emook.org";
option domain-name-servers 168.95.192.1, 168.95.1.1;
### ᅝ٤഑᧢ᑇࡉ೴഑᧢ᑇຟ‫ڶ‬๻ࡳழΔ‫א‬ຍᇙऱ೴഑
### ᧢ᑇᚌ٣ࠌ‫ش‬
}

ҥܻ DHCP Server џ૖ඨ࡞ӻ༵ᆩၯњȂ݈୛ኵএᆩࢲȂ‫ܚ‬оԤ‫ٲ‬೩ۡ঄џ

оቸӵୢ୿ᡐኵϱȂϚҢୈӒ୿೩ۡȄServer ΰ‫ޟ‬ᆩњᔖ၎ौԤ DHCP Server
‫݈ܚ‬୛‫ޟ‬ᆩࢲ IPȂ࿋ DHCP Server ంଢ଼ᒿᇲਢȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоᔮࢥࣼࣼȂӵ ifconfig
ᆩၯњ၇७‫ ޟ‬IP ೩ۡ࢐֏Ԥӵ၎݈୛ᆩࢲϱȂϾ଩Ϛଔ‫࢐پ‬Ϛ૖ంଢ଼‫ޟ‬Ȅ
15-6 ಑ 15 ണ DHCP թ݈Ꮲ

‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ޟ‬Ⴑ೩નघਢ໢࢐࿋ Client ӵ‫ ڷ‬Server ौ IP ਢȂष Client ‫ؠ‬ԤඪюौؑȂ

൷Ң೻এਢ໢࿋નघਢ໢Ȅ࿋ Client ԤඪюШၶߝ‫ޟ‬ਢ໢ौؑȂശσϚ૖຺ႆശ
σનघਢ໢Ȅ
᠞‫ޱ‬೩ۡԁࡣȂ଄ு१ཱིంଢ଼ DHCP Server ݈୛Ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬џоആႆоήࡾхࣼ
‫ ڗ‬DHCP Server ઍ‫ޟ‬ӵၼհ‫ڹ‬Ȋ
ࣼࣼ DHCP Server ࢐֏ઍ‫ޟ‬ӵ݈୛Ȉ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo netstat -upln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address PID/Program name
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 21861/dhcpd3

᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоആႆનघकᓃᔬȂᕣ၌‫ڗ‬Ԥ঺Ι‫ٲ‬ᐠᏢ‫ ڷ‬DHCP Server ौ IPȄ

નघकᓃᔬȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ more /var/lib/dhcp3/dhcpd.leases

lease 192.168.0.44 {
starts 6 2006/08/19 14:36:59;
ends 6 2006/08/19 14:46:59;
tstp 6 2006/08/19 14:46:59;
binding state free;
hardware ethernet 00:11:24:29:3c:bd;
}

15.2.1 ีܹ‫ۡھ‬Ԓ IP

षौᄇ൐Ιкᐠ೩ۡ‫ ۡھ‬IP ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂζϚᜲȂ‫ר‬ঈӑጡᒮ೩ۡᔬ֑Ȋ

ጡᒮ DHCP Server ೩ۡᔬȈ
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

೩ۡีܹ‫ۡھ‬Ԓ IP Шਗ਼ଢ଼Ԓ IP ѫԤӻඁএ೩ۡՄϐȂࣺ߬ᄇ᠞‫ޱ‬ϚོЊᜲȄ

 15.2 DHCP ᄂሬԊ၆ 15-7

೩ۡᔬ dhcpd.conf ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option domain-name-servers 168.95.192.1, 168.95.1.1;
log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

ΘΘΘઊฃ௬೯ ๻ࡳ ΘΘΘ
( IP )
option routers 192.168.0.1;
}

# ๻ࡳ ubuntu ຍ‫؀‬ᖲᕴ࠷൓ࡐࡳ IPΔubuntu ਢ‫۞אױ‬ա࠷ऱ‫ټ‬ጠ

host ubuntu{
# ๻ࡳᇠᖲᕴऱጻ‫ ׬‬MAC Address
hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55;

# ๻ࡳ૞࿯ᇠᖲᕴऱ IP Address
fixed-address 192.168.0.150;
}

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ࿋ԤΙѮ client ‫ ޟ‬MAC Address ࢐ 00:11:22:33:44:55 ‫ٮ‬иө

DHCP Server ‫ڥ‬ு IP ਢȂServer ൷ོՌଢ଼๝Ѻ 192.168.0.150 ೻এ‫ ۡھ‬IPȄ᠞
‫ܖޱ‬೨ོឈு‫܏ۉ‬Ȃ၇७‫ؠ‬Ԥ netmaskȂgatway ้೩ۡȂᆩၯࡩቄོ೽ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂ
ӵ೻‫ۡھٲ‬଩ี IP ‫ޟ‬೩ۡࠉΙۡौӑԤ subnet ‫֙ࡇپ‬၎ᆩࢲ netmaskȃgateway
‫ ڷ‬NetID ้ಢᄘȄ
‫ܚ‬о࿋ձ೩ۡԁ଩ี‫ ۡھ‬IP ࡣȂषԤᒿᇲȂौᔮࢥΙήձ଩ี‫ ޟ‬IP ࢐֏ϐင
ӵ subnet ၇७Ԥӑࡇ֙၎ᆩࢲȄषѫौ଩ี‫ ۡھ‬IPȂϚौਗ਼ଢ଼ IPȂ٥ቄ subnet
ζौࡇ֙Ȃծ၇७‫ ޟ‬range ೩ۡџоࣸ౱Ȅ
೩ۡԁࡣȂ१ཱིంଢ଼݈୛Ȃ൷ᔖ၎џоғலၼհΟমȊ
15-8 ಑ 15 ണ DHCP թ݈Ꮲ
 Samba Server Ⴤ Windows
ˣߺ˷մᐬर

ӵ Linux ή‫ר‬ঈџоആႆ SambaȂ‫پ‬ၭ Windows Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȂζ൷࢐ᇳ Samba

џоᡱձӵ‫ٺ‬Ң Unix Like ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛਢȂҢ Samba ‫پ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȄSamba ‫ڏ‬ᄂ
࢐ SMB ‫ޟ‬ᕻቸȞServer Message BlockȟȂོ‫ڼ‬Ӫ࣏ SAMBA ࠌ࢐Ӱ࣏Ȃ࿋ߑ
SMB ‫ޟ‬แԒ໠ี‫࣏ޱ‬Οຝы୦኿‫ޟ‬নӰȄՄ Samba ၼҢ‫ ࢐ޟ‬NetBIOS over
TCP/IP ‫׬ޟ‬೚Ȃ೻এ‫׬‬೚ശԞ࢐ IBM ี৤ю‫ ޟپ‬NetBIOS ‫ގي׽ޟ‬ҏȂ٥࣏ϧ
ቄོፙ‫ڗ‬೻এ‫ڹ‬ȉӰ࣏ӵ Windows ή೩ۡᆩၯਢȂலலོࣼ‫ ڗ‬NetBEUI
ȞNetBEUI ࢐ NetBIOS Extened User Interface ‫ޟ‬ᕻቸȂ೻ζ࢐ NetBIOS ࡣ‫ޟپ‬
ี৤‫ގي׽‬ҏȂϚႆ‫׬‬೚ΰ࢐ϚЊΙኺ‫ޟ‬ȟȂՄཌ೺‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ࢜ᄺ၇࢐௴Ң
NetBEUIȂ‫ܚ‬о Samba џоആႆ NetBIOSȂӵ NetBIOS ࢜ᄺΰ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯၭ Windows
‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢྜ೽Ȅ
ᔬਰϷ‫࠮ޟٴ‬ᄘџоϷԙ‫ڍ‬ᆍ᜸࠮Ȃ಑Ιᆍ࢐Ϸ‫ ٴ‬Linux ၇‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ๝‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬Ⴋ
သȂ೻এ࢐ Samba Server ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȄ಑Πᆍ࢐ၭᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑၇‫ ޟ‬Win32 ႫသȂ
ौؑѺ‫ܚ‬Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬ᔬਰȄӵ೻এണ࿽๋‫ޱ‬஠ϭಝ Ubuntu ၇‫ޟ‬ӓ‫ٴ‬ၥਟֶȂആႆӓ
‫ٴ‬ၥਟֶ‫ޟ‬ყ࠮ϭ७஠ Samba Server ࢜೩ଔ‫پ‬Ȅ௥๿Ӕ၌ᇳ Samba ‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȂ
ᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬џоሆᚬ‫ޟ‬Ᏸོ Samba ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢȄ
16-2 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

ᜰܻ‫؁‬၏ಠ‫ ޟ‬Samba ‫ڼ‬ӪনҥȂᇄ Samba ‫ޟ‬ၼհন౩ȂоЅ‫؁‬ӻ‫ޟ‬ᔖҢȂџ

о୤Ճനরσߝᎆ‫ܚ‬ቸ‫ޟ‬МണȄനর‫ ޟ‬Linux ‫ܘؽ‬ຊ SAMBA server ᒧ
Ζ

16.1 ΢࿧‫࡭˭ܮ‬վཆʰ Samba server

᠞‫ޱ‬џо໠ం‫ف‬ಛ-->ᆓ౩-->ӓ‫ٴ‬ၥਟֶȂ‫پ‬Ԋ၆ NFSȃSMBȂԃήყȈ

ყ 16.1 Ԋ၆ SMBȃNFS

http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0370samba.php
 16.1 Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬၆ΰ Samba server 16-3

҆ሯᒯΣ‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩‫ޟޱ‬஝ጆо᝷៉Ԋ၆

ყ 16.2 ᒯΣ‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩‫ޟޱ‬஝ጆ

‫ف‬ಛғӵՌଢ଼ήၷৈӇ

ყ 16.3 ήၷৈӇϛ
16-4 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

‫ف‬ಛғӵԊ၆ SMBȃNFS

ყ 16.4! Ԋ၆ৈӇϛ

Ԋ၆‫ׇ‬ԙ‫ޢ‬௥ࡸήᜰഖ։џȂ௥๿ོю౪ຜๅ୰ձȂौϷ‫঺ٴ‬এၥਟֶȃоЅ
ҢϧቄПԒϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȄ೻၇‫ר‬ঈᒵ SMBȂณࡣζᒵᐅΙήौϷ‫ޟٴ‬ၥਟֶȄ
 16.1 Ңყ࠮ϭ७‫پ‬၆ΰ Samba server 16-5

ყ 16.5 Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬೩ۡ

೩ۡԁΟоࡣོю౪ή७೻এӓ‫ٴ‬ၥਟֶ‫ޟ‬ຜๅȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоѪѴӔቨёտ‫ޟ‬
Ҭᓃ঻Ȋ

ყ 16.6 ձ‫ܚ‬Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬ၥਟֶ

௥ή‫پ‬१ौ‫࢐ޟ‬೩ۡձ‫ ޟ‬SMB ឴‫ܒ‬Ȃ಑Ι໶࢐೩ۡശ१ौ‫ ޟ‬WorkgroupȞώ

հတಢȟȂ಑Π໶ࠌ࢐ WIN թ݈ᏢȄ๋‫ޱ‬ӵ೻၇ौ၌ភΙήȂWorkgroup ौΙ
ኺϗџоӵӣΙএတಢ၇Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȄWIN թ݈Ꮲ൷ौࣼձ‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu SMBȂӵ೻
এ Workgroup ࢐֏ौ࿋Ιএ ServerȂΙএ Workgroup ΙۡौԤΙএ ServerȂࣼ
16-6 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

ձ࢐ौҢ Ubuntu ‫پ‬࿋ ServerȂᗙ࢐ौҢ Windows ‫پ‬࿋ ServerȂ೻൷ौࣼձ

Workgroup ‫ܒޟ‬፴ΟȄҢ Linux ‫پ‬࿋ Server Ԥ࡞ӻԁ೎Ȃ಑Ιᘈ൷࢐ᛧۡȂ‫ٮ‬и
ШၶϚҢᐊЖᕸ‫ޟࢳ੾ڗ‬༌৛ȂՄиάџо 24 ωਢϚᜰᐠ‫ޟ‬ၼհȄ٥ቄौ࢐Ι
এ Workgroup ၇ϏငԤѮႫသ࢐ Server ‫ޟ‬ၗȂՄձѫ࢐ौήၷտѮᐠᏢ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂ
WIN թ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ᒵ໶џоϚҢ҈ϻȄ

ყ 16.7 ឴‫ܒ‬೩ۡ

٥ቄ೻ኺυ Samba Server ശஅҏ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ൷‫י‬ԁ᠅Ȅ

16.2 ௩‫ס‬պ΢‫ڱ‬઴༴ઝሆ
տࡨտࡨȊᗶณӵΰ७‫ޟ‬ω࿽‫ר‬ঈ೩ۡԁΟ SambaȂϚႆᗙौ࣏‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟޱ‬ழ
ဴёΣ‫ ڗ‬Samba ঻ȊёΣࠉौӑ‫ݧ‬ཎΙήȂ‫ר‬ঈौёΣ‫ ڗ‬Samba ၇‫ޟ‬ழဴȂӵ
‫ف‬ಛΰ࢐Ϛ࢐ζԤΟȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈӵ SMB Server ၇Ԥএழဴѩ ducatiȂ٥ቄ᠞‫ޱ‬
џоҢ೻এࡾх‫پ‬ёΣ ducati ೻এழဴȄ
ducati@ubuntu:~$ sudo smbpasswd -a ducati
Password:
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
 16.2 ೩ۡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ழဴ஝ጆ 16-7

ӑᒯΣ‫ف‬ಛᆓ౩‫ޟޱ‬஝ጆȂ௥๿ӵᒯΣ ducati ӵ Samba ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȂSamba ‫ޟ‬஝

ጆџоၭ ducati ೻এ user নҏ‫ޟ‬஝ጆϚΙኺȂӰ࣏ Samba ‫ޟ‬ழဴၭ‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ޟ‬ழ
ဴ࢐Ϸ໠ᆓ౩‫ޟ‬Ȅ೩ۡϚΙኺ‫ޟ‬஝ጆӣਢζџоቨёԊӒ‫ܒ‬Ȅ೻এࡾх࡞१ौ
঻Ȋ٥ቄ‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼࣼپ‬೻এࡾхᗙԤϧቄ୤ኵџоҢȄ
ducati@ubuntu:~$ smbpasswd -h
When run by root:
smbpasswd [options] [username]
otherwise:
smbpasswd [options]

options:
-L local mode (must be first option)
-h print this usage message
-s use stdin for password prompt
-c smb.conf file Use the given path to the smb.conf file
-D LEVEL debug level
-r MACHINE remote machine
-U USER remote username
extra options when run by root or in local mode:
-a add user
-d disable user
-e enable user
-i interdomain trust account
-m machine trust account
-n set no password
-w PASSWORD ldap admin password
-x delete user
-R ORDER name resolve order

௥ή‫پ‬џо໠ంΙѮ Windows ‫ޟ‬ႫသȂ‫ٮ‬೩ۡԁᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑Ȟ‫ݧ‬ཎȈώհ

တಢौΙኺȟȄ
Ң Windows ิΣ Samba Server
ณࡣӔ໠ంᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑ȂࡸΙήѡ᜞‫ޟ‬ᔮຜώհတಢႫသȂ൷џоࣼ‫ڗ‬
Ubuntu Samba Server ᠅ȂณࡣᒯΣழဴ஝ጆ൷џоΟȄ
16-8 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

ყ 16.8! Ң Windows ิΣ Samba

΢
16.3 Ubuntu ෌ʣ
Windows Ⴉ‫ڿ‬ኑ
ौҢ Ubuntu ‫پ‬᠞‫ڥ‬ᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑Ȃઍ࢐ΙӇ࡞П߯‫ٱޟ‬ȂࣥՍϚҢ၆ΰ SMB ൷
џоΟȄѫौ໠ం ՝ည-->ᆩၯթ݈ᏢȂ൷џо‫ޢ‬௥ࣼ‫ڗ‬ᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑၇‫ޟ‬ϱৠΟȄ

ყ 16.9 ᆩၯΰ‫޿ޟ‬᎑၇‫ޟ‬ϱৠ
 16.4 SAMBA ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰ೩ۡ 16-9

16.4 SAMBA ‫ߺڟ‬ᘰ௩‫ס‬

ࠉ७‫ޟ‬ω࿽഍ѫ࢐ Samba ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬೩ۡЅ‫ٺ‬ҢПԒȂ٥ቄԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬དौ‫౏؁‬
Σ‫ޟ‬Ο၌ Samba ᗙԤϧቄђҢȂ൷ौ௥๿ࣼήў᠅Ȋॶӑᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬Ο၌ Samba
‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬȈ
/etc/samba/smb.conf

‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ഍џоӵ೻এ೩ۡᔬ၇‫ׇ‬ԙȄ௥๿‫ࣼپ‬Ιή೻এ೩ۡᔬ၇
Samba
‫ޟ‬кौ୤ኵ࢐ୈϧቄҢ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

workgroup = MSHOME
#ຍԫ۩ਢ๻ࡳՠ‫܂‬ᆢิ
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
#‫ڇ‬ጻሁՂऱ॑ᔣ઎ࠩऱ‫׌‬ᖲ‫ټ‬ጠ ਢ
(%h host name ᧢ᑇ)
#### Debugging/Accounting ####

log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

#‫אױ‬ਐࡳ logᚾऱ‫ۯ‬ᆜ
# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 1000
#logᚾऱՕ՛Δ‫ א‬੡໢‫ۯ‬Δ0 ‫ז‬।޲‫ࠫૻڶ‬
Kb

####### Authentication #######

; security = user
#‫ڜ‬٤ࢤ࿛్Κ
# user ‫ז‬।ࠉᅃࠌ‫ृش‬ऱെᇆΔ‫אױ‬։಻լԫᑌऱᚾூ։ࠆᦞૻΖ
# share ‫ז‬।լ‫ش‬യᒘ༉‫אױ‬։ࠆٚ۶ᚾூፖᇷற݈Δਢ᥆່࣍լ‫ڜ‬٤ऱ࿛్Ζ
# server ‫ז‬।Ꮑຘመࠡ‫ה‬ऱ smb serverΕwin server ࠐ᧭ᢞെᇆയᒘΖ
16-10 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ

encrypt passwords = true

#യᒘႚᎠழਢ‫ףܡ‬യ
; guest account = nobody
# ຍਢ‫ࠐش‬ኙᚨ Ղ޲‫ڶ‬െᇆऱ userΔᦰृՈ‫ݫאױ‬ଡെᇆࠐอԫጥ෻޲‫ڶ‬െᇆऱ userΔ
Windows
# ૉլუ๻ࡳ༉๻‫ ګ‬nobody ‫ױܛ‬Ζ
invalid users = root
# ྤயऱࠌ‫ृش‬െᇆΔ‫ޢ‬ԫ‫؀‬ Ղຟ‫ ڶ‬rootΔೈॺਢ۞աଥ‫ޏ‬መΔ
Linux
# ‫ڇ‬ຍᇙല root ჄԵਢ੡Ա߻ַ‫֨ڶ‬ԳՓऱෲྒྷΖ‫༼א‬೏‫ڜ‬٤ࢤ
; unix password sync = no
ਢ‫ޡٵܡ‬ sambaፖߓอՂऱെᇆയᒘΔຏᅝਢ no Ζ
hosts allow = 192.168.100
# ૻࠫ‫࿆אױ‬Եऱ ipΔ‫ڕ‬Ղࢬ‫׽ق‬૞ਢ‫ ڇ‬192.168.100.x ຍଡጻ੄ऱ ip ຟ‫࿆אױ‬ԵΖ

client code page = 950

# ๻ࡳ፿ߓΔ950 ੡᜗᧯խ֮
#======================= Share Definitions =======================

writable = no
# ਢ‫אױܡ‬ᐊԵ
path = /home/ducati/heavenly
# ։ࠆऱሁஉ
read only = yes
# ਢ‫ܡ‬ഄᦰ
public = no
# ਢ‫ܡ‬ֆၲ։ࠆ
௥๿‫ר‬ঈџо‫ࣼپ‬Ιήতϗ‫ܚ‬ёΣϷ‫ޟٴ‬ҬᓃȂоড়Ҭᓃή‫ ޟ‬heavenly Ҭᓃ
ୈএ‫ٽ‬υᖿ၌Ȉ
 16.5 Samba Server ‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼ᇄᜰഖ 16-11

[Heavenly]
path = /home/ducati/Heavenly
available = yes
browsable = yes
public = yes
writable = no

তϗёΣϷ‫ޟٴ‬Ҭᓃџоӵ /etc/samba/smb.conf ‫ޟ‬ശή७ࣼ‫ڗ‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬оࣼ‫ڗ‬ၯ

৷࢐ /home/ducati/HeavenlyȂՄ೻এҬᓃџоᘲ។ȃԤϴ໠ȃծ࢐Ϛ૖ቸΣȄ
٥ԃ‫ݎ‬དौᡱ user ԤቸΣȞΰ༈ᔬਰȟ‫᠌ޟ‬३‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ڏ‬ᄂџоӵή७Ӕёΰ create
mode = 0666 Ȃ ӣ ኺ ‫ ޟ‬ζ ौ ӵ ತ ᆒ ᐠ ᒯ Σ chmod -R 666
/home/ducati/HeavenlyȂ೻ኺ೻এၥਟֶϗԤೝቸΣ‫᠌ޟ‬३Ȅζџоёΰ write
list = ducati Ȃ೻ኺυ൷ѫԤ ducati џоΰ༈ȞቸΣȟ‫᠌ޟ‬३ȂՄ‫ڏ‬тΡϚ՗ծ
࢐џоࣼȄ٥ቄζџо೩ۡѫԤ࢚‫ٺٲ‬Ң‫ޱ‬џоิΣȂҢ೻Ι՗ valid user =
ducati ёӵή७Ȃԃ‫ݎ‬ौӻቨё userȂѫौҢ೾ဴϷႤ։џȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈvalid user =
ducati , dbtsaiȂϚႆ೻ኺտ‫ ޟ‬user ൷೿ࣼ഍Ϛ૖ࣼΟȄоΰ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ഍џоຜএ
տ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃоЅ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ϸտ೩ۡȄ

16.5 Samba Server ‫ڟ‬ଂ੝Ⴤᘰఖ

࡞ᙏ൐ȊSamba ‫ޟ‬ంଢ଼ᔬԃήȈ
/etc/init.d/samba

Ԥ೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵџҢȈforce-reload | reload | restart | start | stop

‫ٽ‬ԃདौୄХ Samba Server ‫ޟ‬ၗȂџоӵತᆒᐠήᒯΣ
$ sudo /etc/init.d/samba stop
16-12 ಑ 16 ണ Samba Server ᇄ Windows ϣࣺϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ
 NFS ѩ‫و‬ዢ

NFSȞNetwork File Systemȟ࢐ҥ݇໨ȞSunȟശӑ໠ีȂѺ‫ޟ‬Ҭ኿࢐ᡱϚӣ

ᐠᏢ૖ஊၮҁѮӓ‫ࣺٴ‬ӣ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰၥྛȄᙏ൐‫پ‬ᇳȂџоࣼԙ࢐Ιᆍሉᆒ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬
ಛȄζӰ࣏ၮҁѮ‫ޟ‬Ҭ኿Ȃ‫ܚ‬оඁн‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬Unix Like ҁѮ഍Лධ NFSȂԃ IBM
AIXȃSun SolarisȃHP UnixȃGNU/Linux ‫ ڷ‬FreeBSD ้Ȃ഍џоആႆ NFS ‫پ‬ӓ
‫ٴ‬ᔬਰ‫ڷ‬ҬᓃၥྛȄҬࠉӵ MS Windows ΰᗶณԤ NFS Client џоԊ၆Ȃծඁ
н࢐୦ཾ೺ᡝȄ
‫ܚ‬оσড়லӵ Unix Like ‫ف‬ಛϛ‫ٺ‬Ң NFS ‫پ‬ӓ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰၥྛȄ‫ܖ‬೨᠞‫܏ۉོޱ‬Ȃ
࣏դϚҢ Samba ᆩ޿Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ȃ೻ኺ MS Windows ‫ ڷ‬Unix ഍џоϣࣺ೿ጣȉ೻࢐Ӱ
࣏ NFS ਝ૖Ш Samba ԁ࡞ӻȂ‫ܚ‬оலலӵҁ՗ၼᆗ‫઻຺ޟ‬Ⴋသ‫ޱܖ‬୦ཾσ࠮‫ف‬
ಛΰȂ‫ٺ‬ҢΙѮ NFS ServerȂ‫ڏ‬т Server ആႆӎᡊ೽ၾ೿ጣ‫ ڗ‬NFS ᔬਰթ݈Ꮲ
‫ڥ‬ுၥਟȄ
17-2 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

ყ 17-1

ԃყ 17-1Ȃᄂ୛ΰலல࢜ΙѮ NFS ServerȂ‫ٮ‬иΰ७၆Ԥᆄளᐠџоۡਢ‫ޟ‬

രӋᔬਰȄ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲ൷‫ װ‬NFS Server share ю‫ޟپ‬Ҭᓃ௮ၷଔ‫پ‬Ȃᄂሬΰ
‫ܚ‬Ԥᆩॲ‫ڷ‬ၥਟ้ᔬਰ഍࢐ܹӵ NFS Server ΰȂ೻‫ ٲ‬Server ൷ѫ൐સၼᆗᇄӱ
ᔖࡊИᆒ፜ؑȄ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬ԁ೎࢐‫ר‬ঈѫौᆰ៖ԁΙӋᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛ։џȂ‫ٮ‬иരӋ‫ڷ‬ၥ
ྛϷ଩ζོШၶৠܾȄζӰ࣏ NFS Server ೽ல‫ٺ‬Ң Raid ᆄᆅଲӖ‫ف‬ಛȂ‫ܚ‬оᐌ
এ࢜ᄺџоႀԙଽਝ૖иଽџᎬ‫݈ޟܒ‬୛Ȅ

17.1 NFS ོѰ୩ባ

NFS Ԥԁඁএ‫ގ‬ҏȂശཱི‫ ࢐ގ‬NFSv4ȄՄ NFSv1 ‫ ڗ‬NFSv4 ഍࢐ആႆ RPC ‫پ‬
ၼհȂ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ ޟ‬RPC (Remote Procedure Call) ࢐ሉᆒแ‫ڳו‬ѩȄ࿋ເΙএแԒਢȂ
၎แԒ‫ڳ‬ѩѪѴΙএแԒўୈ‫ٱ‬௑ณࡣ‫װ‬๖‫ݎ‬༈ӱ‫پ‬ᆎ࣏ Procedure CallȂ‫ܚ‬о
࿋ΙএแԒ‫ڳ‬ѩӵϚӣкᐠ‫ޟ‬แԒў೎౩‫ٱ‬௑‫ٮ‬༈ӱ๖‫ݎ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ൷ᆎ࣏ Remote
Procedure CallȄᄇܻ‫ڳ‬ѩտΡ‫ޟ‬แԒ‫پ‬ᇳȂѺོཐឈ‫ڗ‬ೝ‫ڳ‬ѩ‫ޟ‬แԒζ࢐ӵҏ
Ӵஈ՗‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ܚ‬о RPC Ԥএԁ೎൷࢐ӵቸแԒ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂѫौᆓԁ‫ڳ‬ѩ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ‫ר‬
ঈϚ҆ᄂሬў೎౩ᆩၯࡌѓ้ಠ࿽Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬ಠ࿽൷๝ RPC ‫ف‬ಛ೎౩։џȂ೻ኺแ
Ԓζོԁቸ࡞ӻȄ࢈ RPC แԒौ೎౩ሉᆒ༈ᒯ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂѫौቸԁ procedure call
‫ڳپ‬ѩሉᆒкᐠ‫ޟ‬แ‫ו‬᠞‫ܖڥ‬ቸΣ฽ᆅ։џȂ೻σσᙏϽ coding ‫࡙ᜲޟ‬Ȅ
NFS ‫ޟ‬ᄂհ൷࢐Ꭼ RPC ΟȂ‫ܚ‬о NFS ࢐Ϛ೎౩ᆩၯࡌѓ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂѺѫ௃ Client
‫ڳ‬ѩ Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬NFS procedureȂ‫ٮ‬и֙ວ၎ remote procedure དौཆიȂՄ
 17.1 NFS ၼհ౩፣ 17-3

ࡌѓᄂሬ‫ޟ‬༈ᒯ൷ആႆ኿ྥ‫ ޟ‬RPC ‫پۡڞ‬ႀԙȄ࢈ӵ NFS ‫ف‬ಛΰȂClient ᆒ‫ڷ‬

Server ᆒ഍ौԊ၆ RPC ‫ف‬ಛȂՄ RPC ӵ Linux ਯЖ၇ϐငԤϱ࡚Ȅ

ᄆࣼ‫ف‬ಛΰ‫ ޟ‬RPC แ‫ו‬Ȉ

# ৵૿‫אױ‬լ‫ף‬ጻܿΔ਷ᇬ‫ء‬ᖲ RPC ࿓‫ݧ‬
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ rpcinfo -p 192.1680.183
࿓‫ڤ‬ආ‫ش‬ऱ࠰ࡳຑ൷ॱ
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100005 1 tcp 806 mountd
100005 2 udp 803 mountd
100024 1 udp 887 status
100024 1 tcp 890 status
ΘΘΘ(ฃ)ΘΘΘ
౪ӵ‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬ፙፙ Portmap Daemon ೻এ݈୛Ȋ೽ல࿋Ιএ RPC แ‫ו‬ంଢ଼ਢȂ
षौ‫ٺ‬Ңᆩၯ༈ሎၥਟȂሯौӑԤএ port ֑Ȋ‫ܚ‬о portmap ൷࢐‫ װ‬RPC แ‫ו‬ం
ଢ଼ࡣȂ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬port कᓃଔ‫پ‬ȄӰԪ࿋ Client ᆒौ೿‫ ڗ‬RPC แ‫ࠉו‬Ȃོӑ೿‫ڗ‬
portmap ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬port 111ȂөѺࢥၚ၎ RPC แ‫ٺܚו‬Ң‫ ޟ‬portȄ
೻ਢঐ൷౰ҡΙএដᚠΟȂؐԩ RPC แԒө portmap ຝы‫ ޟ‬port џ૖഍ϚΙ
ኺȂ೻ኺഅԙ‫ר‬ঈ࡞ᜲቸ٩Ьᕓೣࠌў᐀‫ڏ‬тϚ໠ܹ‫ ޟ‬portȂ೻ζ࢐࣏ϧቄ‫ٺ‬Ң
RPC ਢலོᡱ‫ف‬ಛԊӒ‫ܒ‬Ϛ‫ޟٹ‬নӰȄҥܻ೻ᆍԊӒ‫ܒ‬ដᚠ NFS ‫ ڷ‬NIS ้‫ٺ‬Ң
portmap ‫ ޟ‬RPC ݈୛೽ல३‫ڙ‬ӵୢ୿ᆩၯϱ‫ٺ‬ҢȂࣥՍ‫ܚװ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң RPC ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢ
഍ܹ‫ڗ‬ຎᔣ IP ᆩࢲϱȂӔആႆ NAT ‫پ‬ᄇᔖѴഋᄂᡝ IP ‫ ޟ‬port ‫ڗ‬ϱഋຎᔣ IP ད
໠ܹ‫ ޟ‬portȄ
೻এ୰ᚠҬࠉӵ NFSv4 ϐင၌‫ؚ‬ΟȂζ൷࢐Ϛ҆Ӕആႆ portmap ‫پ‬ᄇᔖ port
‫ ڷ‬RPC แ‫ו‬ȂӰ࣏Ѻ‫׽‬ԙ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟۡھ‬port 2049 ๝ Client ೿௥ȂԪਢ٩Ьᕓೣࠌ
൷࡞ԁቸȂϚሯौՃኌ‫ ڗ‬NFSv3 Server ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬port ࢐Ϛ‫ۡھ‬Ȅ
NFSv4 ඪ‫ཱིޟټ‬ђ૖ѓ֤Ο‫ׇ‬ᐌ‫ ޟ‬Unicode ЛධȂԃӣ Samba ‫ ޟ‬CIFS ‫ۡڞ‬Ȃ
ོӵᔬਰ༈ᒯ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ௴Ң UnicodeȞUTF-8ȟ‫پ‬༈ᒯᔬӪȄᙟ‫ ޟގ‬NFSv3 ӵ༈ᒯ
ᔬӪਢȂ࢐ҢҏӴᆒ‫ ޟ‬locale ‫پ‬༈ᒯᔬӪȂζ൷࢐༈ᒯᔬӪনۖၥਟȄծ೻ོԤ
17-4 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

Ιএ୰ᚠȂԃ‫ݎ‬࿋ A ᐠᏢ‫ٺ‬Ң Big5 LocaleȂB ᐠᏢ‫ٺ‬Ң UTF-8 LocaleȂ٥ቄ‫ר‬

ঈ൷ฒ‫ݲ‬ആႆ NFSv3 ‫پ‬ғጂ༈ᒯϛМᔬӪȂӰ࣏ NFSv3 ѫ૖༈ᒯনۖ locale ‫ܚ‬
Ң‫ޟ‬ጡጆȂϚඪ‫ᙽټ‬ጆߡȊ‫ܚ‬оӵ௃ࠉ‫ڍ‬Ѯ Unix кᐠ҆໸ौ‫ٺ‬Ңࣺӣ‫ ޟ‬locale
ϗ૖ғጂ‫ޟ‬༈ᒯϛМᔬӪȄ
ծ࢐ӵ NFSv4 ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ౩፣ΰ௑‫ל‬൷‫׽‬ᢎΟȊ࿋ΙѮᐠᏢ Locale ࢐ Big5ȂѪѴ
ΙѮ࢐ UTF-8Ȃӵ༈ᒯᔬӪਢȂ഍ོӑᙽԙ UnicodeȞUTF-8ȟ༈ᒯȂ‫ڗ‬ҏӴࡣ
Ӕᙽԙ၎ᐠᏢ‫ٺܚ‬Ң‫ ޟ‬Locale ጡጆȄӰԪџо၌‫ؚ‬Ϛӣ locale Ϟ໢ϛМ༄ጆ‫ޟ‬
୰ᚠȄϚႆᙽጆ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂӰ๋࣏‫ܚޱ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ᐠᏢ഍‫ٺ‬Ң UTF-8Ȃ๋‫ؠޱ‬ԤᐠོўၐȂ
ष᠞‫ޱ‬Ԥკၐԙђ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ‫ה‬ఖџо‫ޱ๋ڷ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ιή ^_^Ȅ
NFSv4 ᗙԤ‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ᓺᘈȂ‫ٽ‬ԃቨёΟ༈ᒯё஝‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȞKerberos 5ȟȂӰԪζ
‫؁‬ᎌӫ‫ޢ‬௥ӵ Internet ΰၮϚӣᆩ୿࢜೩ NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬ClientȂϚ҆ᐊЖᡅ᠙‫ޟ‬
ԊӒ୰ᚠȄϚႆ೻ӵҏਪϛ‫ؠ‬Ԥଆ፣‫ڗ‬ȂԤᑹ፸‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬џоΰᆩ‫ײ‬ၥਟ‫ޱ๋ڷܖ‬
ଆ፣Ȅ
ӵ NFSv4 ᄇ‫ڏ‬т Unix кᐠ‫ޟ‬Лධ‫ܒ‬П७ȂIBM AIXȃSun Sloaris ‫ ڷ‬HP Unix
഍ϐင࡞ᛧۡ‫ޟ‬ЛධȂӰԪ NFSv4 ‫ڏڷ‬т Unix кᐠྜ೽Ҭࠉ഍ϐင‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȄ
ծ࢐Ҭࠉӵ Linux ਯЖΰ NFSv4 ϫณೝ኿Ұ࣏ EXPERIMENTALȂζ൷࢐ᗙӵᄂ
ᡛ໦ࢲȄ๋‫ޱ‬ՌϏ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬௑‫࢐ݷ‬ӵ Ubuntu dapper 2.6.15 ਯЖ‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȂծ࢐
ӵՌϏጡ‫ۢޟ‬П 2.6.17 ਯЖ client ᆒོϚᛧۡȂӔ‫ ڗཱི؁‬2.6.18 ൷‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠΟȂ
џَઍ‫ޟ‬ԤΙᘈᄂᡛ‫ܒ‬፴Ȅ
Ӱ࣏ѺԤё஝‫ޟ‬ђ૖‫ڷ‬ৠܾ೩ۡ٩Ьᕓ‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬Ȃӵ๋‫ޱ‬ᆓ‫ ޟ‬Server ࢐ӣਢ‫ٺ‬
Ң NFSv3 ‫ ڷ‬NFSv4ȄNFSv3 ਌‫پ‬ୢᆩϱ‫ٺ‬ҢȂNFSv4 ਌‫پ‬ऎູ٩Ьᕓ๝ਮѴ‫ޟ‬
Server ё஝೿ጣȄ‫ܚ‬оौ‫ٺ‬Ң NFSv4 ‫ ܖ‬NFSv3 ᠞‫ޱ‬ौՌϏՃ໔‫ڷ‬กၐȊ

17.2 NFS Server ̺ጠ௣࿒

೩ۡ‫ڏ‬ᄂ࢐ϚᜲȂᜲ‫࢐ޟ‬ၥྛϷ‫ޟٴ‬ೣგ‫᠌ڷ‬३೩ॎȄ೻এ࿲Ι‫יؠ‬ԁȂտΡ
Ԥџ૖џоᓍ߯ᄇձ‫ ޟ‬NFS Server Ԇ‫ڥ‬ၥਟȄ‫ܚ‬оӵ೩ۡࠉȂӑདདࣼौࡩኺ
ೣგᔬਰϷ‫֑ٴ‬Ȋ᠞‫ॶޱ‬ӑौད‫ ࢐ޟ‬NFS Server џоඪ‫ټ‬๝঺‫ ٲ‬Client ᐠᏢ‫ٺ‬
ҢȉஅҏΰѺϚඪ‫ټ‬ழဴᇯᜌ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ‫ܚ‬оѺ‫ٺ‬Ң IP ጒ൜‫پ‬௡ᆓ Client ᆒȄӔ
‫پ‬ձौՃኌϷ‫ٴ‬юў‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ᠌३୰ᚠȂ᠌३Ϸ଩ԤоήඁᆍПԒȄ
 17.2 NFS Server кᐠೣგ 17-5

1. no_root_squash Ȉ೻ᆍ᠌३೩ۡ൷ԤᘈӠᓎΟȊѺ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ࢐ष Client ᆒழ

ဴӵ Server ΰζԤ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ቄӵ Client ᆒᐇհ၎Ϸ‫ٴ‬ҬᓃਢȂོԤ၎ழဴ
ӵ Server ΰ‫᠌ޟ‬३ȄӠᓎ‫ޟ‬ӴП࢐ӵ࿋ Client ᆒ࢐ root ਢȂ٥ቄџоӣ
ਢ‫ڥ‬ு Server ΰӵϷ‫ٴ‬ю‫ޟپ‬Ҭᓃή‫ׇ‬ᐌ᠌३Ȅष࢐ Server ᆒ‫ؠ‬Ԥ၎ழ
ဴȂծ࢐ Client ᆒԤ၎ழဴਢȂ൷ོᡐԙҢ nobody ‫پ‬ᐇհ၎Ϸ‫ٴ‬ҬᓃমȊ
‫ר‬ঈ೽ல‫ٺ‬Ң root_squash ོШၶԊӒȂиငலོ଩ӫ NIS Ιଔ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
2. root_squashȈ೻এஅҏΰ‫ ڷ‬no_root_squash ΙኺȄϚӣ‫࢐ޟ‬࿋ Client ᆒ
Ң root ўᐇհਢȂ൷ོᡐԙୡӪ‫ ޟ‬nobody ᠌३Ȃ‫ܚ‬о൷ԊӒӻΟȂClient
ᆒζฒ‫ݲ‬ўୈσೣ዁‫ޟ‬કᚽȄ೽லོ଩ӫ NIS Ιଔ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ
3. all_squashȈ೻фߒΟϚᆓ Client ᆒҢϧቄழဴȂӵ၎Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ҭᓃ‫᠌ޟ‬३഍
ѫԤ nobodyȄӵ໠ܹ๝‫ܚ‬ԤΡ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ୡӪ NFS Server ೽லོҢ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬೩
ۡȄ
4. anonuid/anongidȈ࿋ Client mount ଔ‫ࡣپ‬ȂϚᆓҢϧቄழဴȂӵ၎Ҭᓃ
‫᠌ޟ‬३ѫԤ anonuid ࡾۡ‫ޟ‬ழဴᇄ anongid ࡾۡ‫ޟ‬တಢȄ࿋ձ‫ װ‬anonuid
‫ ڷ‬anongid ഍೩ԙ nobody ‫ ޟ‬id ਢȂ‫ڏ‬ᄂ‫ ڷ‬all_squash ԤΙኺ‫ޟ‬ཎဎȊ
Ճኌԁ᠌३୰ᚠࡣȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ᗙौՃኌ၎Ҭᓃ࢐ѫ૖᠞ (ro)Ȃ‫ޱܖ‬џо᠞ቸ (rw)Ȅ
࿋ौ໠ܹ๝σড়ѫ૖‫ݍ׺‬ՙȂ೻ਢঐ഍ོ଩ӫ ro ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȄष࢐଩ӫ NIS ᡱؐΙ
ഋᐠᏢ‫ޟ‬ழဴ‫᠌ڷ‬३഍Ιኺ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥џо‫װ‬ড়Ҭᓃ഍ܹӵ NFS Server ΰȂ‫ٺٮ‬
Ң rw ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ೻ਢঐϚӣᐠᏢџо॒೰Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ၼᆗђ૖Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃᆩॲ‫ ڷ‬Mail Server
้Ȃծ഍࢐ԆܹӵӣΙএᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛΰȄ
௥ή‫پ‬ौՃኌџо௮ၷ၎Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ҭᓃ‫ ޟ‬IP ጒ൜Ȃ೻Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍߒҰ‫ݲ‬ȂΙᆍ࢐‫ޢ‬௥
ቸΰѺ‫ ޟ‬IPȂ๋‫ޱ‬Ϛ࡚ដҢᆩ֭Ȟxxx.mook.orgȟ‫ޟ‬ПԒȂଶߨձ࢐ቸԫӵ hosts
၇७ȂϚณԤџ૖ོӰ࣏ DNS Server ೝ hack Ᏺमձ‫ ޟ‬NFS Server ζೝ‫׾‬ഞȊ
ѪѴΙᆍПԒ࢐Ңᆩ୿‫ߒޟ‬ҰПԒȄ‫ٽ‬ԃձདौᐌএ 192.168.1.xxx ‫ ޟ‬C Class
ᆩ୿഍џо೿ጣ‫ڗ‬၎Ѯ NFS ServerȂ٥ձџоቸԙ 192.168.1.0/24Ȅࡣ७‫ ޟ‬24
࢐ netmask 255.255.255.0 ‫ޟ‬ᙏቸȂ඲ᆗПԒ࢐‫װ‬၎ netmask ᙽԙΠ໌՝ࡣȂ௃
ࠉ७ኵႆ‫ࣼپ‬Ԥඁএ 1ȄԃؐΙএ 255 ഍ҥ 8 এ 1bit ಢԙȂ‫ܚ‬оᖂӓ 3 এ 255
൷࢐ 24 ΟȊॎᆗ๖‫࢐ݎ‬ᐌএ C Class ᙏቸ࣏ 24ȂB Class ᙏቸ࣏ 16ȂоԪ᜸௰Ȅ
೽லौϷ‫ڗٴ‬ᐌএᆩ୿ਢȂலོ‫װ‬кᐠӒഋܹӵ٩Ьᕓ၇७Ȃ೻ኺ NFS ‫ف‬ಛོ
ШၶԊӒȂϚณོ‫ޢ‬௥ࡾۡџоԆ‫ ޟڥ‬Client IPȄ
17-6 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

ҥܻ NFSv3 ‫ ڷ‬NFSv4 Server ഍࢐‫ٺ‬Ң exports ೻এၥྛϷ‫ٴ‬೩ۡᔬȂՄ NFSv4

ӻΟຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оषौ‫ڍ‬এӣਢ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬ၗȂौ‫ܚװ‬ԤϷ‫ޟٴ‬Ҭᓃ bind
‫ڗ‬ӣΙএυҬᓃήȂ࢈೻ਢঐ exports ‫ޟ‬ቸ‫ݲ‬ौ฿ཌ‫ݧ‬ཎΙήȂሯಒӫ NFSv4
‫ޟ‬ೣࠌȂ‫ٮ‬и bind ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌζौ଄ுቸ‫ ڗ‬fstab ၇७Ȃ೻‫ོٲ‬ӵ௥ή‫ ޟپ‬17.3 ࿽
ϛ၏ಠϭಝȄ

17.3 NFS Server ַ Client ുВЊཆ

Ԋ၆ NFS Server ѫौᒯΣоήࡾх։џȄ
Ԋ၆ NFS ServerȈ
sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

Ԋ၆ԁ server ࡣȂѺོ‫ װ‬portmapȂnfs-kernel-server ‫ ڷ‬nfs-common ‫וٷ‬ё

‫ ڗ‬runlevel ၇७Ȃषौ१ཱིంଢ଼ NFS ݈୛‫ޟ‬ၗȂζौ‫ྱٷ‬೻এ໷‫پו‬মȊ
षѫሯौ client ᆒ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃ٥ԃоήࡾхԊ၆Ȅ
Ԋ၆ NFS ClientȈ
sudo apt-get install nfs-common

षौ໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐႱ೩ϚौՌଢ଼ంҢ NFSȂ፜୤ՃȺ౏Σᕣ၌ Ubuntu ‫ف‬ಛȻ٥

ΙണȂ٥၇ᄇܻ runlevel ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩Ԥрಠ‫ޟ‬ϭಝȄ
Ӱ࣏ NFSv3 ‫ ڷ‬NFSv4 ‫ޟ‬೩ۡԤΙᘈϚΙኺȂ‫ܚ‬о၏ಠ೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ӴП๋‫ޱ‬൷Ϸ໠
‫پ‬ᖿȄ᠞‫ޱ‬ौ‫ٺ‬Ң NFSv4 ‫ ޱܖ‬NFSv3 ൷ሯौ‫ྱٷ‬ձ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯᕗც‫پ‬ຟեȄ
 17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬Client แԒԊ၆ 17-7

ߒ 17-3-1 NFS ࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬१ौ೩ۡᔬ

ђ૖ ೩ۡᔬ
ന‫ ܠ‬NFS Server ঋж‫ߞڳ‬ӫᔂሃᡋন /etc/exports
nfs-common ߞుஜന‫( ৃܠ‬NFSv4 ቮుӡ /etc/default/nfs-common
IDMAPD)
nfs-kernel-server ߞుஜന‫ৃܠ‬ /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server
ന‫ ܠ‬client ᇑҞѽ֋ஜభႶ NFS Filesystem /etc/fstab
idmapd ന‫ܠ‬ᕫ (NFSv4 Only) /etc/idmapd.conf

ߒ 17-3-2 NFS ࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬१ौࡾх

ђ૖ ࡾх
ఠۘ NFS Server ుஜ‫ݕ‬ᝯൕߞ script ᕫ /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server
ఠۘ NFS Client ۶ Server ԒԢߞहᝯ‫އ‬சుஜ‫ݕ‬ /etc/init.d/nfs-common
ᝯൕߞ script ᕫ
ఠۘ portmapper ుஜ‫ݕ‬ᝯൕߞ script ᕫȄ(NFSv4 /etc/init.d/portmap
ҞѽЙ‫ڹ‬ӡȂ࣏֭ showmount ‫ڶ‬๒‫ ڕ‬NFSv3 ‫۝‬
‫ܠ‬Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽ࢙៉Ӈ༟‫)א‬
৒‫ ؼ‬/etc/exports ࢢቮদྲ‫ྲـ‬ж‫ڳ‬ӫᔂ exportfs -rv
ᅅऻӎᑟӫࡈж‫ߞڳ‬ӫᔂ exportfs -v
ࣤ႙ႍѹᑟգ৹‫ڱ‬ӫᔂജж‫ڳ‬ҍ‫ڽ‬ showmount -e <ѹᑟ IP>
ࣤ႙ႍѹᑟգ৹‫ ڱ‬Client ᇑാϯ۶ѹᑟж‫ڳ‬Ⴄୈ showmount -r <ѹᑟ IP>

17.3.1 NFSv3 Server ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȞкࢺᛧۡ‫ގ‬ȟ

೩ۡ NFSv3 Server ശ१ौ‫ޟ‬൷࢐ /etc/exports ೻এ೩ۡᔬȂ‫ר‬ঈӑ‫י‬এᙏ൐
‫ޟ‬ጒ‫֑ࣼࣼپٽ‬Ȋ
17-8 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

Server ೩ۡᔬ /etc/exports ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

/home 192.168.0.0/24(rw,async,root_squash,no_subtree_check,insecure)
/tmp 192.168.0.0/24(rw,async,root_squash,no_subtree_check,insecure)
/opt 192.168.0.183(ro,root_squash,no_subtree_check,insecure)

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃexports ‫ޟ‬ਿԒ࢐಑Ιួ࣏ौϷ‫ޟٴ‬ҬᓃȂ಑Πួ࢐໠ܹ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬
Client кᐠȂശࡣȞrw,async,.....ȟ၇७ቸΙ‫ٲ‬୤ኵȄӵߒ 17-3-1-1 Ԥ NFS Server
ΰ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޟ‬᚞Ѵ୤ኵ၏ಠᇳ݂ȂԪጒ‫ٽ‬ϛ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ࢐๋‫ޱ‬ശலҢ‫ޟ‬Ȅӵ೻এ‫ٽ‬υϛȂ
Server Ϸ‫ٴ‬ю 3 এҬᓃȂࠉ‫ڍ‬এᡱ 192.168.0.0 ᆩࢲ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬Ⴋသ഍џ೿໌‫پ‬Ȃи
഍Ԥ᠞ቸ‫᠌ޟ‬३ȄശࡣΙএѫ૖ҥ 192.168.0.183 ٥ѮᐠᏢ೿໌‫پ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬ѫ૖᠞‫ڥ‬Ȅ
࿋೩ۡԁࡣȂᡱѺҡਝϚሯौ१໠݈୛ȂѫौҢоήࡾх։џȊ
१೩ Server Ϸ‫ٴ‬ҬᓃȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo exportfs -rv # ૹ๻։ࠆ‫ؾ‬ᙕ堚໢
exporting 192.168.0.0/24:/home
exporting 192.168.0.0/24:/tmp
exporting 192.168.0.183:/opt

dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ exportfs # ኘ઎‫ؾ‬ছ։ࠆ‫ؾ‬ᙕΔ‫ףױ‬ -v ᛧ൓‫ޓ‬ᇡาᇷಛ

/home 192.168.0.0/24
/tmp 192.168.0.0/24
/opt 192.168.0.183

Client ௮ၷ /home ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

# mount -t -o <඀ሉ೶ᑇ> nfs <Server IP>:<։ࠆ‫ؾ‬ᙕ> <mount point>
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.180:/home /NFS/home

# ᦰृՈ‫ࠉאױ‬ᅃ‫א‬Հᒤࠏࠌ‫ ش‬soft mode ‫࠷ᦰ᧢ޏ׊‬೴ჇՕ՛੡ 8192Ζ

sudo mount -t nfs -o soft,rsize=8192 192.168.0.180:/home /NFS/home

ԃ Client ௮ၷጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ר‬ঈѫሯौҢоΰࡾх൷џо௮ၷΰ Server ‫ޟ‬ሉᆒҬᓃ

‫ڗ‬ҏᐠ‫ ޟ‬mount point ΰȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џоՌϏҢӣኺ‫ޟ‬ПԒ‫پ‬௮ၷ tmp ‫ ڷ‬optȄ௮ၷ
ਢȂζџоёΰΙ‫ٲ‬௮ၷ୤ኵȂ୤ኵџо୤Ճߒ 17-3-1-2Ȃ೻‫ٲ‬୤ኵོӵ fstab
٥၇๝ю๋‫ޱ‬ശߝҢ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ᠞‫ޱ‬џо୤ՃࣼࣼȄ
 17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬Client แԒԊ၆ 17-9

षौࣼሉᆒԤ໠ܹ঺‫ٲ‬ၥྛџоඪ‫ټ‬௮ၷȂџо‫ٺ‬ҢоήПԒȄ
ᄆࣼሉᆒџϷ‫ޟٴ‬ҬᓃၥྛȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ showmount -e 192.168.0.183 # ‫شױ‬ -a ࠐ൓व‫ ֟ڍڶ‬Client ຑՂ
Export list for 192.168.0.183:
/export 192.168.0.0/24
/export/home 192.168.0.0/24
/export/tmp 192.168.0.0/24

ߒ 17-3-1-1 NFS Server exports १ौ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ

୤ኵ ђ૖
rw ႍж‫ڳ‬ӫᔂҞѽᡝ኷
ro ႍж‫ڳ‬ӫᔂҪକᡝۤ
secure ЙЯധ Client ‫ڹ‬ӡЂ‫ ݺ‬1024 ߞ Client ᇑ portȂϵබ࣏ం Server
ཇቍႤਫ਼ۖ Client ᇑߞӫԳ port ঋЈ‫ ݺ‬1024Ȃթ੡ Client ᇑ
Ϙ‫ܠ‬ঋ‫ڹ‬ӡ root ௳ၳЖକ mount ቈᇑ NFS ServerȄ഼௱ྻ࢙
៉‫ڹ‬ӡ insecureȄ
insecure Яധ Client ᇑ֋֖ٙ‫֋ܠ‬Ўᑟᐡ‫ڹ‬ӡߞ portȂຊ഼߰௱ൌྻന
ഺৎȂՂթࠧ‫ڹ‬ӡ root ௳ၳߞ clinet ᇑЖକ mount NFS ServerȄ
async ЯധࠧԢَ኷ϢႤਫ਼Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽੜକྻѧԢَ኷ϢՀȄ኷Ϣ੡ྻԐ
‫ୃۖݸ‬ᐸᢜȂຈ๼ᇄգߩᕫԓ኷ϢȊলᔍऎॶ Server ညᑟ‫ݕ‬Й
Ӓ௱ᝯᑟȂྻྫҵႤਫ਼Ȃ഼֭௱ Server ൌ࢝ᜦ‫ܠ‬Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽ࢙៉Ӈ
༟ᖔఀ‫ـ‬ՀߞੜକȊ
sync Ԣَ኷ϢȂੜକѧႵЙՀȄ
nohide ည export ҍ‫ی‬ৎӫᔂȂփ‫ێ‬КϘৎӫᔂ࣏ҩҳϘৎӫᔂߞЄӫ
ᔂȂ‫ڼ‬Ղ‫ا‬ে‫ڹ‬ӡໍᕢӫᔂߞ‫ڼ‬ЄȂթ੡‫ا‬ে mount ੲӫᔂ੡Ȃ
ྻ֋ஜ‫ݙد‬գЄӫᔂ mount ୓‫ڽ‬Ȅ࢙៉‫ڹ‬ӡഺৎᓴ༵ѧႵў
࠮Ȃэ‫ێ‬Դ NFSv4 գໍᕢӫᔂߞఐ‫؛‬Ȅ
hide ည mount ੲӫᔂ੡Ȃexport ҍߞЄӫᔂቮঋ֋Ў‫ށ‬ፁߞԓభႶȄ
subtree_check ညж‫ߞڳ‬ӫᔂ࣏ࣙৎᕫ੯‫ڀ‬೚ߞЄӫᔂȂᓴӡഺৎҞѽፁ‫ܠ‬ѭ
ӫᔂߞᡋনҞѽᢰ NFS Server ж‫ڹڳ‬ӡȄ
no_subtree_check ৣՀ۶ϯবߞहхȂԯऎЙஇᡋনเႏȂੜକѧႵՀȄ
fsid=0 ‫ܠ‬၍ NFSv4 КߞੲӫᔂȂҪକգϘৎȊ
17-10 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

୤ኵ ђ૖
root_squash ԴᡋনߞԳўգႎ೟ႋ៖Ȃ҃ࠑည client ӡ root ྻᢏ՘஠ԩᡋ
ন
no_root_squash ᝯఫ root_squash ґକȄ
all_squash Դ Client ‫ݙ‬գߞ‫ڹ‬ӡ߰ൌ࣏ᢏ՘஠ԩ‫ڗ‬Ԋ
anonuid ࢽ‫ܠ‬Դ Client Кᑆႍ֯ӫᔂߞᡋন௳ၳȂՂ‫ڹ‬ӡ anouid=0Ȃ
‫ڤ‬Դ Client ᇑЙᇒ࣏Ꭱൌգ຾ root ߞᡋনᑆႍ֯ӫᔂȄ
anongid ԢϯȂЙჅഺ࣏ࢽ‫ڹܠ‬ӡ߰၏ೡȄ

ߒ 17-3-1-2 NFS Client ௮ၷ१ौ‫ޟ‬୤ኵ

୤ኵ ђ૖
rsize ُըᡝۤߞЂЈȂჰന࣏ 1024 byteȂԴ஡ᇨаനЂϘᙇྻգѧ
ႵՀߞੜକȄ࣏֭ॶᇨႮߐ޶ЙՀ੡ȂനщЂхփྻᐱ७ӴҒ
দཇփੜକֲϭȄԴ஡ᇨϭȂຊ࢙߰៉‫ڹ‬ӡ rsize=8192Ȅ(Դ
NFSv4 ൵Ђ࢙៉ۖ 32768 byte)
wsize ُը኷ϢߞЂЈȂჰനϵ࣏ 1024 byteȄԴ஡ᇨϭຊ࢙߰៉ӡ
wsize=8192Ȅ(NFSv4 ൵Ђ࢙៉ۖ 32768 byte)
proto=udp ‫ڹ‬ӡ UDP ‫ڽܠ۝‬ཇᓮႤਫ਼ȂԴ஡ᇨКྻգѧႵՀߞੜକȄॶঋ
Ⴍ໸ Internet ߞ႖Ȃ‫ڹ‬ӡ proto=tcp ྻգѧႵՀߞ஍ᓾକϧȄ
bg భႶߞ੡৏‫ڹ‬ӡ०฀ጀՑȂϵබ࣏೐ϘըభЙϯҝ੡ȂӴۖ०
฀ᅙᅙႏȄ‫ݙ‬ѽည client ᇑభႶ኷Դ fstab ႆবȂϘ‫ܠ‬ঋӡ bgȂ
‫ݳྻࡋ׎‬ᅙ༟ᑟി࢘Ȅ
fg భႶߞ੡৏ӡࡈ฀ጀՑȂߡۖభႶϯϞЖា᠈໿‫ߞ־‬຀ՑȄৣ
Հ۶ bg ጀՑ࣏हхߞȂഺ࣏ჰനৃȄ
soft ည NFS Client ѽ soft భႶ Server ࢢȂॶᇨႮ‫ ݕ‬Server ҍ಩ய
ᛟȂൄ՘ Client ۶ Server ๑‫ޱ‬ཇᓮႤਫ਼੡ȂClient ྻϘߡᄘႏ
ۖ timeout ࢢᢖӯᓾሱ‫ڭ‬ѷஃѤᄘႏȄॶ‫ڹ‬ӡ soft mount ߞ႖Ȃ
ҞକྻԴ timeout ҍ಩੡ൄ՘Ⴄਫ਼ӴҵȂࣇϘଠЙ࢙៉‫ڹ‬ӡȄ
hard ഺ࣏ჰനৃȄॶӡ hard భႶ๼ᇄ੡ȂৣՀ۶ soft हхȂթ੡
Client ྻϘߡᄘႏാ።ۖ ServerȂॶ Server գ԰ᕕබា᠈ৣЖ
ߞᑆ֯Ȃॶٟգ԰ᕕ NFS Client ྻϘߡᄘႏȂթ੡๑‫ ޱ‬umount
‫ ݕ‬killȂ‫ݙ‬ѽ௱௱ྻ୨Ԫ intr ‫ڹ‬ӡȄ
 17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬Client แԒԊ၆ 17-11

୤ኵ ђ૖
intr ည‫ڹ‬ӡ hard భႶߞႤ࿚ timeout ࢢȂॶգࢽ‫ ܠ‬intr ҞѽԴ
timeout ࢢ‫د‬ҹКᙝఫȂഺᘖֺҍயᛟ੡‫ڀ‬೚ᑋৎജ NFS ᛆժȂ
࢙៉‫ڹ‬ӡȄ

17.3.2 NFSv4 Server ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȞᄂᡛ‫ܒ‬፴ȟ

ᗶณ NFSv4 Ԥ࡞ӻཱི‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃծ࢐ӵ kernel ϛᗙ࢐ೝ኿଄࣏ᄂᡛҢȂ‫ܚ‬оձԤ
џ૖ོႄ‫ڗ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ೃӪ‫ ޟּڏ‬bugȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ๋‫ཱི؁ޱ‬ਯЖ‫ ڗ‬2.6.17 ࡣȂี౪ NFSv4
Client ོೃӪ‫ޟ‬࿋௬ȂശࡣӔ‫ ڗཱི؁‬2.6.18rc4 ൷ғலΟȊՄ kernel ၇७ᜰܻ
NFSv4 ‫ޟ‬แԒጆάོШনۖंี൐՝ᗙौᄚΙᘈȂषձདौҢശཱི‫ ޟ‬NFSv4 แԒ
ጆȂџо‫ڗ‬http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/ ‫׺‬ശཱི‫ ޟ‬patchȄष᠞
‫הޱ‬ఖΙϸ഍‫ؠ‬୰ᚠȂϚདӔୈΙ‫ ٲ‬hackȂџоՃኌҢᛧۡ‫ ޟ‬NFSv3Ȅծषौӵ
Internet ༈ᒯȂ٥ቄ NFSv4 ‫ޟ‬ৠܾ೩ۡ٩Ьᕓᇄё஝‫ޟ‬੫‫ܒ‬џоՃኌΙήȊ
ҥܻ NFSv4 ‫ٺ‬Ң rpc.idmapd ೻এ daemon ‫پ‬೎౩ User IDȃGroup ID ‫᠌ڷ‬३
‫ޟ‬ᄇᔖȂ‫ܚ‬о೻এ daemon ӵ Client ᆒ‫ ڷ‬Server ᆒ഍ौంଢ଼Ȃ‫ٮ‬иሯौՌϏЙ
ଢ଼࡚ҳ೽ଉ pipe ๝ svc gssd subsystem ҢȂ೻‫ٲ‬ӵ Ubuntu ഍ሯौЙଢ଼೩ۡȄ
଄ு೻‫ٲ‬೩ۡΙۡौӵ Server ‫ ڷ‬Client ϷտୈႆΙԩমȂ೩ۡԁΟ൷ϚሯौӔ
ୈΟȊ
࡚ҳ pipe Ҭᓃ๝ NFSv4 ‫ٺ‬ҢȈ
sudo mkdir /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs

ёΣоή‫ڍ‬՗‫ ڗ‬/etc/fstab ᡱ rpc_pipefs ‫ ڷ‬nfsd fs ӵ໠ᐠՌଢ଼ mount

ଔ‫پ‬Ȉ
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs defaults 0 0
nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd nfsd defaults 0 0

ҥܻ‫ר‬ঈϚ१ཱི໠ᐠȂ࣏ΟᡱততёΣ‫ڍޟ‬՗ҡਝȂஈ՗оήࡾх֑ȊȈ
sudo mount rpc_pipefs
sudo mount nfsd
17-12 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

ጡᒮ /etc/default/nfs-commonȂ‫ װ‬NEED_IDMAPD ‫׽‬ԙ yesȈ

NEED_IDMAPD=yes

௥ή‫پ‬१ཱིంଢ଼ portmapȂnfs-kernel-server ‫ ڷ‬nfs-commonȂौ‫ޱ๋ྱٷ‬ή

७Ӗю‫ޟپ‬໷‫ו‬ᐇհോȊ
ᄇܻ Server ሯौ१ཱིంଢ଼೻έএ݈୛Ȉ
sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-common restart

ᄇܻ Client ሯौ१ཱིంଢ଼೻‫ڍ‬এ݈୛Ȉ
sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-common restart

೻ਢঐџо໠ۖ೩ۡ /etc/exportsȄஅҏΰ‫ ڷ‬NFSv3 ৯ϚӻȂѫϚႆӻΟຎᔣ

ਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬ȄNFSv4 ࣏ΟԊӒ‫ܒ‬୰ᚠȂЕΣΟ Pseudo Filesystem ‫ޟ‬ᐠ‫ڙ‬Ȃ೻
᜸խ HTTP Server ࢐௃‫ف‬ಛΰ‫࢚ޟ‬এυҬᓃ࿋ԙᆩॲ‫ޟ‬ଔۖҬᓃȞຎᔣਲ਼ҬᓃȟȄ
೩ۡᔬ /etc/exports ጒ‫ٽ‬Ι (Ϛғጂ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ)Ȉ
/home 192.168.0.0/24(rw,fsid=0,async,no_root_squash)
/tmp 192.168.0.0/24(rw,async,no_root_squash)

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ๋‫ װޱ‬home ‫ ڷ‬tmp Ϸ‫ٴ‬ю‫پ‬Ȃӑ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ ڗ‬fsid=0 ‫ޟ‬୤ኵȂ೻এ

୤ኵӵ NFSv4 ࢐Ԥཎဎ‫ޟ‬Ȋ೻ࡇ֙၎Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ҭᓃ࢐ਲ਼ҬᓃȂ‫ܚ‬оӵ NFSv4 Client
ᆒौ mount ਢȂሯौ mount -t nfs4 IP:/ /mnt/nfsȂՄϚ࢐༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬mount -t nfs
IP:/home /mnt/nfsȄ‫ܚ‬оӵ NFSv4 ‫ ڷ‬NFSv3 ശσ‫ޟ‬Ϛӣ࢐Ȃӵ v4 ौӑҢ fsid=0
ۡဎюΙএਲ਼ҬᓃȂζѫԤ٥এਲ਼Ҭᓃоή‫ޟ‬υҬᓃϗ૖ೝ௮ၷȂ๋‫ོޱ‬ӵ௥ή
‫پ‬Ңጒ‫پٽ‬၌ភȄՄຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃѫ૖ۡဎΙএȂषۡဎӻএ‫ޟ‬ၗȂོഅԙϚџႱ
෈‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȄ
Server १೩Ϸ‫ٴ‬ҬᓃȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ sudo exportfs -rv
 17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬Client แԒԊ၆ 17-13

Client ௮ၷ /home ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

sudo mount -t nfs4 192.168.0.183:/ /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv4 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.183:/home /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv3 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
᠞‫ޱ‬ᔖ၎Ԥ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫֑ڗ‬Ȋ௮ၷӣΙএ Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬/home ҬᓃȂӰ࣏ӵ Server ΰ
‫ ޟ‬exports Ԥࡾۡ /home ࢐ຎᔣਲ਼ҬᓃȞfsid=0ȟȂ‫ܚ‬о NFSv4 ሉᆒ௮ၷᘈ࢐
‫ ڷ‬NFSv3 ϚΙኺ‫ޟ‬ോȊӵ‫ר‬ঈ೻এጒ‫ٽ‬ϛೝ exports ю‫ ޟپ‬tmp ஠ฒ‫ݲ‬ӵ NFSv4
ϛೝ௮ၷȂӰ࣏ѺϚӵຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ήߡȊ‫ܚ‬о‫ٺ‬Ң NFSv4 ਢȂ‫ר‬ঈலலོ࡚
ҳΙএਲ਼ҬᓃȂณࡣ‫ڏװ‬ѺौϷ‫ޟٴ‬ҬᓃၥྛҢ mount --bind ௮ၷ໌‫پ‬Ȃԃоή
ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ࿋ณσড়Ϛོ‫ה‬ఖؐԩ഍ौୈ bind ‫ޟ‬ଢ଼հȂ‫ܚ‬о፜୤Ճ 17-3-3 ω࿽‫װ‬೩
ۡቸ‫ ڗ‬fstab ֑Ȋ
‫ٺ‬Ң bind ‫࡚پ‬ҳຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
sudo mkdir /export # ৬‫ م‬NFSv4 ։ࠆऱဠᚵ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕ
sudo mkdir /export/home # ‫ ڶࢬ࣍ط‬NFSv4 ։ࠆ‫ؾ‬ᙕຟ૞‫ڇ‬ဠᚵ௅‫ؾ‬ᙕࢍՀΔ
sudo mkdir /export/tmp # ࢬ‫א‬৬‫ م‬/home ࡉ /tmp ࠐ࿯ bind ‫ش‬Μ
sudo mount --bind /home /export/home
sudo mount --bind /tmp /export/tmp

೩ۡᔬ /etc/exports ጒ‫ٽ‬Π (ғጂ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ)Ȉ

/export
192.168.0.0/24(rw,fsid=0,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,root_squash)
/export/home
192.168.0.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,root_squash)
/export/tmp
192.168.0.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,root_squash)

‫׽‬ԙ೻ኺࡣȂ‫ר‬ঈӑ sudo exportfs -rv ᡱཱི‫ ޟ‬exports ҡਝȂ೻ϐင၌‫ؚ‬ຎᔣ

ਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂӰ࣏‫ר‬ঈ‫ٺ‬Ң bind ‫پ‬೿௥ /home ‫ ڗ‬/export/homeȂζ൷࢐೻‫ڍ‬
এҬᓃ࢐้ဎ‫ޟ‬Ȃ೻ኺೣგಒӫ NFSv4 ‫ޟ‬൐Ιຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬নࠌȂӣਢζџо
ӵ NFSv3 ϛೝ௮ၷȊ
Ϛ፣ Client ࢐ NFSv3 ‫ ܖ‬NFSv4Ȃӵ୤ኵёΰ nohideȂ೻ኺ Client ᆒ௮ၷΙএҬ
ᓃਢȂོՌଢ଼௮ၷ၎Ҭᓃή‫ڏ‬тџ௮ၷၥྛȂՄϚሯौ݂ጂ‫ٮۡࡾޟ‬ΙএΙএ௮ΰȄ
17-14 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

Client ௮ၷ /export ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ

sudo mount -t nfs4 192.168.0.183:/ /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv4 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.183:/export /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv3 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ࿋ Server ᆒԤ೩ nohide ਢȂClient ӵ NFSv4 ོՌଢ଼௮ၷ /tmp
‫ ڷ‬/home ‫ܖ‬ӵ NFSv3 ོՌଢ଼௮ၷ /export/home ‫ ڷ‬/export/tmpȂϚሯौӔѪѴ
೩ۡȄ
࿋ณζџо‫ޢ‬௥௮ၷυҬᓃȂԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ
Client ௮ၷ /export/home ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
sudo mount -t nfs4 192.168.0.183:/home /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv4 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.183:/export/home /NFS # ‫ ش‬NFSv3 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
ष᠞‫ٺޱ‬Ң showmount ўࣼ Server Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬ၥྛਢȂौ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫࢐ޟ‬೻এПԒᡗҰ
‫ޟ‬Ҭᓃ࢐ٖ NFSv3 ᙟ‫ۡڞޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о‫ؠ‬ԤՃኌ‫ڗ‬ຎᔣਲ਼ҬᓃȄ࢈‫ٺ‬Ң NFSv4 ௮ၷ
‫ݲ‬ሯौՌϏ‫ װ‬/export ў௬ോȊ
ᄆࣼሉᆒџϷ‫ޟٴ‬ҬᓃၥྛȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ showmount -e 192.168.0.183 # ‫شױ‬ -a ࠐ൓व‫ ֟ڍڶ‬Client ຑՂ
Export list for 192.168.0.183:
/export 192.168.0.0/24
/export/home 192.168.0.0/24
/export/tmp 192.168.0.0/24

‫ܖ‬೨᠞‫ོޱ‬ឈு‫܏ۉ‬ȂϚ࢐ᇳ NFSv4 Ϛሯौ portmap Οიȉ٥‫ר‬ঈࡩᗙ‫װ‬Ѻ

ంଢ଼‫ڹ‬ȉ‫ޟ‬ጂ࢐ϚሯौȂषձ‫װ‬ѺᜰΟ࢐џоғல೿ጣȂծ showmount ࢐ٖᙟ
‫ۡڞޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о൷‫ؠ‬ᒲ‫ ࣼݲ‬Server Ϸ‫ޟٴ‬ၥྛ୨Ȋ‫ܚ‬оषձҢϚ‫ ڗ‬showmount и
ϚҢ NFSv3Ȃџо‫ װ‬portmap ᜰΟȄ

17.3.3 ஠೩ۡቸ‫ ڗ‬fstab ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼௮ၷ֑Ȋ

ӵ Client ϛ‫װ‬௮ၷ೩ۡቸ‫ ڗ‬/etc/fstab ၇७Ȃᡱؐԩ໠ᐠ഍џоՌଢ଼௮ၷሉᆒ
‫ ޟ‬NFS Server ࢐࡞П߯‫ޟ‬Ȅӵ Server ϛष‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ڗ‬NFSv4ȂலலҢ bind ‫׬ޟ‬ѽ
 17.3 NFS Server ‫ ڷ‬Client แԒԊ၆ 17-15

ᇧഅΙএຎᔣਲ਼ҬᓃȂ೻‫ ٲ‬bind ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌζငலቸ‫ ڗ‬/etc/fstab ၇७Ȅ೻၇‫ޟ‬ଆ፣

᝷៉‫ݼ‬Ңࠉ‫ڍ‬ω࿽‫ޟ‬ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о᠞‫ޱ‬ौຜሯؑও‫׽‬মȊ
๋‫ޱ‬ӑଆ፣ԃդӵ Server ΰ໠ᐠࡣՌଢ଼‫װ‬ຎᔣҬᓃ‫ڷ‬ઍғ‫ޟ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬Ҭᓃ bind ଔ
‫پ‬Ȅॶӑጡᒮ Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬fstab ֑Ȋ
Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬/etc/fstab ጒ‫ٽ‬Ȉ
# <ࠐᄭ‫ؾ‬ᙕ> ʳ <‫ؾچؾ‬ᙕ> none bind 0 0
/home /export/home none bind 0 0
/tmp /export/tmp none bind 0 0

ԃоΰጒ‫ٽ‬Ȃӵ Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬fstab ശࡣ७ёΰ೻‫ڍ‬՗Ȃ໠ᐠࡣ൷ོՌଢ଼‫װ‬ձઍ

ғौϷ‫ޟٴ‬Ҭᓃ bind ‫ڗ‬ຎᔣၯ৷‫ۻ‬ήমȊ
ӵ Client ᆒौ೩ۡՌଢ଼௮ၷζ࢐ё‫ ڗ‬fstab ၇७Ȃԃоήጒ‫ٽ‬Ȅ
Client ೩ۡ /etc/fstab ‫پ‬Ռଢ଼௮ၷ NFS ServerȈ
# <Server IP>:<։ࠆ‫ؾ‬ᙕ> <඀ሉរ> nfs4 ࢨ nfs <೶ᑇ> 0 0

# ࠌ‫ ش‬NFSv4 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
192.168.0.183:/ /NFSA nfs4 proto=udp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,intr 0 0

# ࠌ‫ ش‬NFSv3 ࠰ࡳ඀ሉ
192.168.0.183:/export /NFSB nfs proto=udp,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,intr 0 0

೻এጒ‫ٽ‬ϛȂClient ӵ໠ᐠࡣོՌଢ଼ mount Server ΰ‫ ޟ‬/exportȄϚႆΙএ࢐

Ң༈ಛ‫ ޟ‬NFSv3ȂѪѴΙএ࢐ NFSv4ȂѺঈџоӣਢ‫ٺ‬ҢȄӔԩඪᒺȂѺঈ௮
ၷ‫ޟ‬Ϸ‫ٴ‬ҬᓃϚӣ࢐Ӱ࣏ NFSv4 Ԥຎᔣਲ਼Ҭᓃ‫ޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȅࡣ७‫ޟ‬୤ኵ᠞‫ޱ‬џо୤
Ճ‫ٺ‬ҢȂ๋‫ޱ‬กၐ೻ኺ‫ޟ‬୤ኵӵୢᆩਝ૖ོШၶԁȂ୤ኵ၏ಠᇳ݂ӵߒ 17-3-1-2Ȅ
षձও‫׽‬ႆ fstab ࡣȂϚདौ१ཱི໠ᐠȂџоആႆоήࡾх१ཱི‫ ྱٷ‬fstab ‫ޟ‬
ϱৠ௮ၷȄ
‫ ྱٷ‬fstab ‫ޟ‬ϱৠ१ཱི௮ၷȈ
sudo mount –a
17-16 ಑ 17 ണ NFS թ݈Ꮲ

षձौࣼҬࠉ‫ف‬ಛΰԤ঺‫ ٲ‬File system ೝ௮ၷΰ‫پ‬Ȃџоആႆ mountȂѺζ

ོӖюҏӴ฽ᆅ‫ޟ‬௮ၷ௑‫ל‬Ȅ
ᕣ၌ҬࠉԤ঺‫ٲ‬ᔬਰ‫ف‬ಛೝ௮ၷȈ
dbtsai@ubuntu:~ $ mount
ΘΘΘฃ ΘΘΘ
( )
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
192.168.0.183:/ on /NFS type nfs4 (rw,proto=udp,intr,addr=192.168.0.183)

ष࿋ձौ‫ڣ‬ၷ NFS FilesystemȂႄ‫فڗ‬ಛၥྛԔ࿩Մฒ‫ ݲ‬umountȂ೻ਢঐҢ

Lazy unmount ࡞ԤҢȄѺོ୎ก၎၆ည࢐֏Ԕ࿩Ȃ้‫ڗ‬Ԥުᔬ൷Ռଢ଼ᔓձ
umountȂ೽ல๋‫ོޱ‬଩ӫ force umount ‫ٺ‬ҢȄ

‫ڣ‬ၷ NFS FilesystemȈ

sudo umount -l -f /NFS # umount /NFS ຍଡ NFS Filesystem
ࣼ‫ڗ‬೻၇Ȃ᠞‫ ޟޱ‬NFS ‫ف‬ಛᔖ၎ζ࢜ଔ‫پ‬Ο֑ȊषԤ୰ᚠȂџоӑᔮࢥΙή
٩Ьᕓ೩ۡ࢐Ϛ࢐‫װ‬Ѻ᐀௬ΟȂषઍ‫ײޟ‬Ϛ‫ڗ‬নӰȂζ᠍ߔ‫ޱ๋ڷ‬ᖒ๜Ȃӵ૖Ψ
‫ܚ‬Ѕ‫ޟ‬ጒ൜ήџоϣࣺଆ፣Ȅ
 FTP ѩ‫و‬ዢ

೻এണ࿽ȂӰ๋࣏‫پޱ‬ϚЅቸȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ۏ‬ଊ๋‫ޟޱ‬ԁЄ Haway ‫پ‬ᔓԔȂζཐᗂ

Haway ‫ުܪ‬ቸΟ೻এണ࿽ȄϚณ൷ઍ‫ོޟ‬ሂϚΰҺገ‫ޟ‬Р෈ΟȄ

18.1 અᕃ FTP ຅؈
ӵᆩၯΰ‫ר‬ঈौᇄտΡϷ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȂଶΟᆩॲթ݈ᏢϞѴȂᗙԤΙᆍ൷࢐ᔬਰ༈
ᒯ‫ۡڞ‬ȞFile Transfer ProtocolȟȂᙏᆎ FTPȄցҢ FTP ‫پ‬༈ᒯᔬਰȂџо࡞ৠ
ܾӵϚӣҁѮϞ໢Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᔬਰȂϚ፣࢐ LinuxȃWindows ‫ ࢐ܖ‬MacȄত໠ۖӑ‫پ‬ᇯ
ᜋΙήϧቄ࢐ FTP ‫ۡڞ‬Ȉ࿋‫ר‬ঈӵᆩၯΰᘲ។ਢȂӵᆩ֭ഋӋ࢐ http:// ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬
࢐឴ܻᆩॲթ݈Ꮲ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫݈ޟټ‬୛ȂՄ ftp:// ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬՝ညȂ൷࢐ᔬਰթ݈Ꮲ‫ܚ‬ඪ‫ټ‬
‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȃᘲ។Ꮲོ‫ྱٷ‬Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ᆩ֭໠ᓞՄў೿௥Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬թ݈ᏢȂ‫ܚ‬оᙏ൐‫ޟ‬ᇳ‫ר‬
ঈѫौࣼᆩ֭‫ޟ‬໠ᓞȂ൷џо‫ޣ‬ၾҬࠉ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң٥Ιᆍ‫ۡڞ‬Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң ftp
client ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ filezillaȃcuteftp ้Ȃ٥൷Ιۡ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң ftp ‫ۡڞ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬оϚሯौ
ftp:// ໠ᓞȄ
18-2 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

Ο၌ FTP ϞࠉȂӑ‫پ‬ϭಝΙή TCP/IP ‫ޟ‬σ౱ၼհȂTCP/IP џ࢐Ιߞ౏༹‫ޟ‬Ᏸ

୰Ȃ߆‫ڍ‬έএጕൽᇳ‫ׇ‬٥࢐Ϛџ૖‫ޟ‬ȂѺ‫ޟ‬Ᏸ୰џоюΙᐌҏ‫ޟ‬ਪΟȊ‫ܚ‬о೻၇
๋‫ޱ‬ѫමᇳȈ‫ר‬ঈȶσ౱ȷ‫پ‬ᇳΙή TCP/IP ֑Ȋ^_^ȄؐΙѮႫသȂ೿ΰᆩሬ
ᆩၯȂ഍ོ଩ည‫ڗ‬Ιএ IP ೻এ IP ࢐ᐿΙฒΠ‫ޟ‬ȂՄؐΙএ IP ഍ོԤ 65535 এஃ
ȞportȟȂ௃Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ஃ໌Σ൷ོᄇᔖ‫ڗ‬Ϛӣ‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȃ҈এШПȂԃ‫ݎ‬ᆩሬᆩၯ൷
჋Ιనσ଻ၯȂσ଻ၯਠ᜞ོԤ࡞ӻ՞ড়ȂؐΙএ՞ড়഍ོԤᐿΙฒΠ‫ޟ‬՞֭Ȃ
ձџоӵձড়ߞ७၆ 65535 এߞȂؐΙএߞ໌Σࡣོٖ‫ ڗ‬65535 এࣺᄇᔖ‫ܘޟ‬
໢Ȅӵ೻၇Ȃσ଻ၯ൷჋ᆩሬᆩၯȂ՞ড়൷჋‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬এΡႫသȂ՞֭൷࢐ IPȂؐ
Ιএߞ൷჋ΙএஃȂؐΙএ‫ܘ‬໢൷჋Ιএ݈୛Ȃ‫ܚ‬оձ௃Ιএ IP ՝ည໌ΣȂٖ
Σࣺᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ൷џо೿௥‫ڗ‬Ιএ݈୛Ȃ‫ٽ‬ԃ೿ጣ՝ည IPȈ192.168.1.2 ஃȈ80
ߒҰ೿ጣ‫ ڗ‬192.168.1.2 ೻ѮᐠᏢ‫ ޟ‬http թ݈ᏢȂՄ FTP թ݈Ꮲ൷࢐ஃ 20 ‫ ڷ‬21Ȃ
ωܻ 1024 ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ഍ԤೣۡҢഊȂϚџ༄ҢȂ೽ல࢜೩թ݈Ꮲོ‫ٺ‬ҢႱ೩‫ޟ‬ஃȂ
ՄՌ՗೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ၗ഍ོ‫ٺ‬Ңσܻ 1024 оΰ‫ޟ‬ஃȄ
࿋‫ר‬ঈ໠ంΙএ FTP ೿ጣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂԃყ 18.1Ȃ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޟ‬ႫသོՌଢ଼ᔓ‫ר‬ঈ࡚ҳ
‫ڍ‬న೿ጣȂ‫ݧ‬ཎോȊ࢐‫ڍ‬న೿ጣȂ೻ၭΙૡ‫ޟ‬ᆩॲᘲ។࢐ϚΙኺ‫ޟ‬Ȃᆩॲᘲ។Ꮲ
ѫོցҢ Port 80 ‫࡚پ‬ҳ೿ጣȂՄ FTP ೿ጣོҥࡊИᆒ໠ంσܻ 1024 ‫ޟ‬ஃ‫پ‬೿
௥թ݈Ꮲ 20ȃ21 ‫ڍ‬এஃ‫پ‬༈ᒯȂ21 ஃᆎ࣏‫ڼ‬хஃȂ20 ஃᆎ࣏ၥਟஃȂӑ೿௥
‫ڼ࢐ޟ‬хஃȂ༈ଚ‫ ࢐ޟ‬ftp ‫ࡾޟ‬хȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫ר‬ঈӵᐇհ ftp ‫ޟ‬ਢঐԤȶΰΙॲȷȃ
ȶᘲ។Ҭᓃ఼൐ȷȃȶ‫׽‬ᡐώհҬᓃȷ้Ȃ೻᜸࠮‫ޟ‬ଢ଼հ഍࢐ӵ‫ڼ‬хஃ༈ଚ; Մ
఼൐ҬᓃȂᗙԤ‫ר‬ঈौ༈ၥᔬਰ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ൷࢐ആႆၥਟஃ༈ଚ࢐ҥթ݈Ꮲкଢ଼೿
ጣ‫ࡊڗ‬ИᆒȂ‫ܚ‬о‫ڍ‬এஃ഍҆໸໠ంȂϗ૖ంҢΙএғல‫ ޟ‬ftp ೿ጣȂ࡞ӻΡӵ
೩ҳ٩Ьᕓ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོ‫܇‬౱Ο 20 ஃՄ‫ؠ‬Ԥ໠ంȂӵԪ‫ה‬ఖσড়ӻ‫ݧ‬ཎȄ

ყ 18.1 FTP ೿ጣ
 18.2 кଢ଼ȞActiveȟ೿ጣ‫ڷ‬ೝଢ଼ȞPassiveȟ೿ጣ 18-3

18.2 ̺੝ĞActiveğ௿ሣַ௝੝ĞPassiveğ
௿ሣ
ΰ७ϭಝΟ ftp ‫ޟ‬Ιૡ೿ጣ࢐ആႆ‫ڍ‬এஃȂყ 18.1 ‫ܚ‬Ұ࢐кଢ଼೿ጣȂࡊИᆒႫ
သོҢ༄ኵ໠ంσܻ 1024 ஃณࡣ೿௥‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ ޟ‬21 ஃȂ࿋ࡊИᆒྥര௥ԝၥਟ
‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂོӔ໠ంΙএσܻ 1024 ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ࿋ณζ࢐༄ኵ‫ޟؚۡ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬и֙‫ޣ‬թ݈ᏢȂ
թ݈Ꮲ൷ོкଢ଼ആႆՌϏ‫ ޟ‬21 ஃ೿௥‫ࡊڗ‬Иᆒ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ೻࢐кଢ଼೿ጣȄծ౪ӵ࡞
ӻࡊИᆒ഍ོܹӵ NAT թ݈Ꮲ‫ۻ‬ήȂആႆᙽ֭‫ޟ‬ПԒᄇѴ೿ጣȂ೻ኺ൷ོഅԙ
୰ᚠȂкौ࢐Ӱ࣏࿋‫ר‬ঈആႆ NAT ᙽ֭‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂᄂሬ೿‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬՝ည࢐ NAT
кᐠ‫ޟ‬՝ညȂՄ‫ڼ‬хஃ࢐ҥࡊИᆒ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ؠ‬Ԥ୰ᚠȂၥਟஃ࢐ҥթ݈Ꮲᆒ
೿௥ӱࡊИᆒ൷ོ౰ҡ೿௥Ϛ‫ޟڗ‬୰ᚠȂӰ՝թ݈Ꮲᆒོკၐ೿௥ NAT кᐠȂ
ՄϚ࢐ࡊИᆒкᐠȂԃყ‫ܚ‬ҰȄ

ყ 18.2 NAT ή‫ޟ‬೿௥ᒿᇲ

၌‫ޟؚ‬П‫ݲ‬Ԥ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂϷտӵ NAT кᐠ‫ࡊ࢐ܖ‬ИᆒࠌΙ։џȂष࢐ձԤ᠌Ψᐇ

հ NAT кᐠȂՄতԁά࢐ Linux ‫ف‬ಛȂ٥ѫौ஠ ip_conntrack_ftp ᇄ ip_nat_ftp
೻‫ڍ‬এ዁ಢၷΣ։џȂष࢐ձতԁϚዣ Linux ‫ؠ࢐ܖ‬Ԥᐇհ NAT кᐠ‫᠌ޟ‬ΨȂ٥
џоკၐӵ FTP ࡊИᆒ೺ᡝϛ໠ంೝଢ଼೿ጣ։џȄততԤඪ‫ڗ‬ӵкଢ଼೿ጣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ
಑Ιএ໠ం‫ޟ‬೿ጣ࢐ҥࡊИᆒкଢ଼೿௥‫ڗ‬թ݈Ꮲ‫ڼޟ‬хஃȂՄ೻ኺ೽ႆ NAT ‫ޟ‬
೿ጣ൷ϚོԤ୰ᚠȂ‫ר‬ঈԃ‫ࣕݲ‬ᇧ஠ၥਟஃζ‫׽‬ԙҥࡊИᆒ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬թ݈ᏢȂ೻࢐
ೝଢ଼೿ጣȄ಑Ιԩ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ‫ٷ‬ᙟȂՄ࿋‫ר‬ঈौ༈ሎၥਟ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂࡊИᆒོ֙‫ޣ‬թ݈
Ꮲ‫ٺ‬Ң Passive ೿ጣȂթ݈Ꮲོ໠ంΙএσܻ 1024 ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ‫ٮ‬и้࡟ࡊИᆒ೿ጣȂ
೻ਢࡊИᆒ൷џоആႆ NAT кᐠғல‫ޟ‬೿ጣ‫ڗ‬թ݈ᏢȄ
18-4 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ყ 18.3 Active ೿ጣ዁Ԓ

ყ 18.4 Passive ೿ጣ዁Ԓ

ყ 18.5 Passive ऎູ NAT кᐠ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ

18.3 FTP ѩ‫و‬ዢ

٥‫ר‬ঈԃդ࢜೩Ιএ FTP թ݈Ꮲ‫ڹ‬ȊॶӑȂӑᕣ၌ΙήҬࠉӵ Linux ΰ७Ԥ঺
‫ٲ‬թ݈Ꮲ೺ᡝџоԊ၆Ȃӵ‫ྱٷ‬Ϛӣ‫ޟ‬ሯؑᇄ੫‫پܒ‬ᒵᐅձՌϏདौ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȄҬ
ࠉ Linux ΰ७Шၶ๿Ӫ‫ޟ‬σघԤȈ
 18.3 FTP թ݈Ꮲ 18-5

1. ۢПᆩॲ http://www.proftpd.org/
Proftpd
2. vsftpd ۢПᆩॲ http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
3. wuftpd ۢПᆩॲ http://www.wu-ftpd.org/
࿋ณᗙԤ‫ڏ‬т࡞ӻ‫ޟ‬೺ᡝȂؐএ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ᇄᐇհ഍ϚᅾࣺӣȂӵԪϚӖᖞоջ੏
າॲኵȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥᑹ፸џоӵᆩၯΰ‫ײײ‬ၥਟᔖ၎ོԤ࡞ӻȂ‫঺ڗ‬၇‫ײ‬ȉᔖ၎ϚҢ
ᇳΟ֑Ȋ ^_^Ȅ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ਌ proftpd ‫࣏پ‬Ө՝հҰጒԃդ࢜೩Ιএᔬਰթ݈ᏢȂ
ӑԊ၆ଔ‫֑پ‬Ȋ

18.3.1 Ԋ၆ȃิΣ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ӵ ubuntu ‫ۻ‬ήԤඪ‫ ټ‬Synaptic ೻এ೺ᡝ‫پ‬ᆓ౩‫ܚ‬ԤԊ၆ӵ‫ר‬ঈႫသ၇‫ޟ‬೺
ᡝȂஈ՗‫ف‬ಛʖᆓ౩ʖSynaptic ৈӇᆓ౩แԒȂ‫҈࢐ޱܖ‬໠ತᆒᐠȂஈ՗ sudo
synapticȂ௥๿‫ف‬ಛོौؑձᒯΣ஝ጆϸ඲ԙ root ٘Ӌ‫پ‬Ԋ၆‫ف‬ಛȄ
$ sudo synaptic
PasswordΚ
൷ོၰюԃήყ‫ޟ‬ห७

ყ 18.6 Synaptic
18-6 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

џоցҢΰП‫ޟ‬ȶཪ൶ȷࡸ໖‫ײ‬൶Шၶ‫פ‬ȂᒯΣ proftpd ൷џо‫ڗײ‬кौ‫ޟ‬แ

Ԓᇄ‫ڏ‬тࣺᜰৈӇȄ

ყ 18.7 ཪ൶ৈӇ

ཪ൶ࡣ‫ޟ‬๖‫ݎ‬σघԤȈ
1. proftpd кแԒ
2. proftpd-common ᆓ౩แԒ
3. profptd-doc ᇳ݂МӇ
4. profptd-ldap Лධழဴᇯᜌ‫ٺ‬Ң LDAP
5. proftpd-mysql Лධழဴᇯᜌ‫ٺ‬Ң MySQL ၥਟ৲
6. proftpd-pgsql Лධழဴᇯᜌ‫ٺ‬Ң PostgreSQL ၥਟ৲

๋‫࡚ޱ‬ដശЍζौԊ၆ proftpdȃproftpd-doc ೻‫ڍ‬এৈӇȂԃ‫ݎ‬Ԥሯौ੫੆‫ޟ‬

ழဴᇯᜌПԒȂ൷ӔԊ၆‫ڏ‬т‫ޟ‬ழဴЛධৈӇȄ

ყ 18.8 Ԋ၆ Proftpd
 18.3 FTP թ݈Ꮲ 18-7

኿଄‫ׇ‬ԙϞࡣȂᘈᒵΰП‫ޟ‬ȶৈҢȷȂོၰюጂᇯຜๅȂࡸήέُ‫ל‬џоጂᇯ
ҬࠉԤ঺‫ٲ‬೺ᡝሯौԊ၆ȂӔԩᘈᒵȶৈҢȷȂ൷џо஠ Profptd ๝၆ԁΟȄ

ყ 18.9 Ԋ၆ Proftpd

௥‫ޱ‬Ȃོၰю Proftpd ‫ޟ‬೩ۡຜๅȂᘈᒵήΙॲᐌএ‫ف‬ಛ൷ོ໠ۖԊ၆Ȅ

ყ 18.10 Profptd ೩ۡຜๅ

ஊᙏ൐֑Ȋΰक़࢐ყ‫ל‬ϭ७‫ޟ‬Ԋ၆ПԒȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬ubuntu ѫԤԊ၆Мԅϭ

७Ȃ٥ࡩቄᒲ‫ڹ‬ȉॶӑձิΣ‫ف‬ಛࡣȂ፜ϸ඲‫ ڗ‬root ٘ӋȈ
$ sudo su -
PasswordΚ
18-8 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ϞࡣџоցҢ apt ‫ࣺޟ‬ᜰࡾх໌՗Ԋ၆ȄԃҢ apt-cache џо൶‫ײ‬೺ᡝȂapt-get

џоԊ၆೺ᡝȂ࿋ณ‫ר‬ঈ‫ޢ‬௥਌ौԊ၆‫ ޟ‬Proftpd ҰጒȄ
# apt-cache search proftpd
proftpd - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon
proftpd-doc - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon (Documentation)
proftpd-ldap - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon (dummy transitional package)
proftpd-mysql - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon (dummy transitional package)
proftpd-pgsql - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon (dummy transitional package)
ftpd - FTP server
gforge-ftp-proftpd - Collaborative development tool - FTP management (using ProFTPd)
gproftpd - GTK+ configuration tool for proftpd
proftpd-common - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon

‫רڗײ‬ঈौԊ၆‫ޟ‬೺ᡝϞࡣȂ൷џоҢ apt-get install ‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȅ

# apt-get install proftpd
ᦰ࠷୚ٙ堚໢խ ‫ګݙ‬ ...
Աᇞ୚ٙࠉ‫ژ‬ᣂএխ... ‫ګݙ‬
[ ... ฃ ... ]
‫ڇإ‬ቃ٣๻ࡳ୚ٙ ...
ᙇխԱམ๯࠷௣ᙇᖗऱ୚ٙ proftpdΖ
(‫࠷ᦰڇإ‬ᇷற஄ ... ߓอ‫ؾ‬ছ᜔٥‫ڜ‬ᇘ‫ ڶ‬81087 ଡᚾூࡉ‫ؾ‬ᙕΖ)
‫ڇإ‬ᇞᚘᜍ proftpd (ൕ .../proftpd_1.3.0-9~dapper1_i386.deb) ...
‫ڇإ‬๻ࡳ proftpd (1.3.0-9~dapper1) ...
‫ڇإ‬ᄅᏺߓอࠌ‫ृش‬ψproftpdω...
‫ڇإ‬ᄅᏺᆢิ੡ψproftpdωऱᄅࠌ‫ृش‬ψ107ω(nogroup)Ζ
‫آ‬৬‫م‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕψ/var/run/proftpdωΖ
‫ڇإ‬ᄅᏺߓอࠌ‫ृش‬ψftpω...
‫ڇإ‬ᄅᏺᆢิ੡ψftpωऱᄅࠌ‫ृش‬ψ109ω(nogroup)Ζ
‫ڇإ‬৬‫م‬୮‫ؾ‬ᙕψ/home/ftpωΖ
ψ/usr/share/proftpd/templates/welcome.msgω ->
ψ/home/ftp/welcome.msg.proftpd-newω
* Starting ftp server proftpd - IPv6 getaddrinfo 'localhost' error: Name or service not known
[ ok ]

๋‫ޱ‬஠Ԋ၆ϛ‫ޟ‬Ι‫ٲ‬ଉ਀‫܇‬౱ΟȂѫ੼ήΙ‫ٲ‬१ौ‫ޟ‬ଉ਀ᡱ᠞‫ޱ‬Ꭷ᠞Ȃϛ໢џ
оࣼ‫فڗ‬ಛོᔓձՌଢ଼ቨёΙএ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ᇄတಢȂӪᆎ഍࢐ proftpd Ȃ‫ٮ‬иᔓձ࡚
 18.3 FTP թ݈Ꮲ 18-9

ҳΙএ /home/ftp ‫ޟ‬ҬᓃȂؐΙএ Linux ৈӇ഍ϚӒณࣺӣȂԤ‫ٮٲ‬Ϛོᔓձ࡚

ҳ‫ٺ‬Ң‫࢐ܖޱ‬ҬᓃȂौᓍᐠᔖᡐȂ^_^ȂശࡣΙ՗ԤΙএଉ਀࢐Ȉ
Starting ftp server proftpd - IPv6 getaddrinfo 'localhost' error: Name or service
not known

೻՗ߒҰ೻Ѯкᐠ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ٺ‬Ң IPv6Ȃ‫ܚ‬оӱᔖ೻এଉ਀๝ձȂ‫ؠ‬ᜰ߽Ȋ‫ר‬ঈԤ
IPv4 ൷ஊΟȄԊ၆ԁϞࡣȂձџо‫ٺ‬Ңӑࠉϭಝ‫ ޟ‬Filezilla ‫ิپ‬ΣกၐΙήȂӵ
Host ‫ޟ‬ӴПᒯΣ localhost оЅՌϏ‫ޟ‬ழဴ஝ጆȂ൷џоิΣত࢜೩ԁ‫ޟ‬թ݈Ꮲ
ΟȊ໠Ж֑ʂ

ყ 18.11 กၐ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ശஅᙃ‫ ޟ‬ProFTPD ‫ר‬ঈϐင࢜೩ԁΟȂձᔖ၎ζҢՌϏ‫ޟ‬ழဴၭ஝ጆิΣԙ

ђȂԃ‫ݎ‬ձད໠ܹ๝‫ڏ‬тΡ‫ٺ‬ҢȂѫሯौӵ‫ف‬ಛᔓт࡚ҳΙএழဴȂ‫ٮ‬и๝тձ
‫ ޟ‬IP ՝ညȂт൷џо೿ጣ໌‫پ‬ΟȂ೿ጣ໌‫ิོࡣپ‬Σড়ҬᓃϛȄᄇܻौ࢜મ‫ޟ‬
Ρ‫پ‬ᇳȂ፜Ꮡ໔‫ٺ‬Ң‫ ۡھ‬IP ‫࢜پ‬મȂӰ࣏ਗ਼ଢ଼ IP ོӵձؐΙԩ१ཱི໠ᐠ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ
ᡐଢ଼ IP ՝ညȂ٥ձ൷ौ१ཱིΙএΙএ֙ວձ‫ޟ‬ԁ݉ЄΟȄ
ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ‫ ޟ‬FTP དᡱӈդΡ഍џо໌‫پ‬Ȃ೻ᆍᆎ࣏ୡӪิΣȂ‫ٽ‬ԃձདौ‫ڥ׺‬
Linux ৈӇ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂџоิΣ ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw ဎԈσᏰ‫ ޟ‬FTP թ݈ᏢȂծϚ
18-10 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ሯौழဴᇄ஝ጆȄौ໠ం ProFTPD ‫ޟ‬ୡӪิΣȂ࡞ᙏ൐Ȃձѫौጡᒮ ProFTPD

‫ޟ‬೩ۡᔬ൷џоΟȂၯ৷՝ܻ /etc/proftpd ‫ۻ‬ήȂஈ՗Ȉ
$ sudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձಬᄛ viȂ‫װ‬ΰ७ࡾх‫ ޟ‬gedit ඲ԙ vi ൷ԁΟȂ҈໠ proftpd.conf ϞࡣȂ

‫װ‬෬኿ಋ‫ڗ‬ശή७ȂԤΙএୢ༵࢐᜸խ <Anonymous ~ftp> ໠ᓞ‫ٮ‬о
</Anonymous> ๖‫ޟ׎‬Ȃ೻এୢ༵‫ޟ‬೩ۡ൷࢐டߞ࣏ୡӪิΣ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ೩ညȂѫ
ौ࢐ୡӪิΣȂӒഋ഍ོ‫ڧ‬३ܻ೻၇‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼپ‬ඁ‫ޟ‬Шၶ१ौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȞо
# ໠ᓞ‫ߒޟ‬Ұຝ၌ȟȈ
<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
# ೳ‫࿆ټ‬ԵऱߪٝΚࢬ‫ڶ‬ೳ‫࿆ټ‬ԵऱຑᒵΔຟᄎ‫ش‬ຍଡ ftp ࠌ‫ृش‬ऱߪٝΖ
# ‫ شאױ܃‬cat /etc/passwd | grep ftp ຍଡਐ‫ࠐח‬ᛀ਷ ftp ࠌ‫ृش‬ऱઌᣂ๻ࡳΖ
Group nogroup
# ೳ‫࿆ټ‬ԵऱᆢิΚࢬ‫ڶ‬ೳ‫࿆ټ‬ԵऱຑᒵΔຟᄎ‫ش‬ຍଡ nogroup ຍଡᆢิΖ
UserAlias anonymous ftp
# ࠌ‫ټܑृش‬Κᅝ࿆Եߪٝਢ anonymous ऱழଢ࿛‫ ࣍ٵ‬ftp ຍଡߪٝΖ
RequireValidShell off
#ᛀ਷࿆Եृߪٝਢ‫إڶܡ‬ᒔऱ ShellΚᓮ‫ ش‬cat /etc/passwd | grep ftp ઎່৵ԫଡ # Shell
ऱ๻ࡳਢ‫ ڇژܡ‬/etc/shellsΔoff ।‫ق‬լᛀ਷Ζ
MaxClients 10
# ೳ‫࿆ټ‬Եऱ່ՕຑᒵᑇၦΚૻࠫ‫ٵ‬ழၴ౨ೳ‫࿆ټ‬ԵऱԳᑇΖ
# Limit WRITE everywhere in the anonymous chroot
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
# ຍᇙਢৰૹ૞ऱ๻ࡳΔ।‫ڶࢬق‬ೳ‫࿆ټ‬Ե(Ո༉ਢ ftp ߪٝ)ऱԳΔլ౨ᐊԵٚ۶ᇷறࠩ‫׌‬ᖲΔ
# Ո༉ਢլ౨ՂႚᇷறΔຍᇙਢ‫ڜ‬٤ࢤऱ๻ࡳΔૉॺ௽௘ൣउΔᓮլ૞࿯ೳ‫ټ‬ऱെᇆ‫ڶ‬ᐊԵऱᦞૻΔ
# ‫ڂ‬੡ຍᑌᙹড়‫אױ‬ຘመᐊԵച۩ᚾࠐԵॿሽᆰΔ֊ಖΜΜ
# <Directory incoming>
# # Umask 022 is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs
# # (second parm) from being group and world writable.
# Umask 022 022
# <Limit READ WRITE>
# DenyAll
 18.4 ProFTPD кौ೩ۡ 18-11

# </Limit>
# <Limit STOR>
# AllowAll
# </Limit>
# </Directory>
# ‫࣠ڕ‬ԫࡳ૞ၲඔೳࣔߪٝ‫אױ‬ᐊԵΔ߷༉ലՂ૿ຍ೴Ⴧऱ๻ࡳ‫ؚ‬ၲ(‫װ‬ೈ່ছ૿ԫଡ #)Δ
# ຍ੄ਢ๻ࡳ incoming ᇷற݈ਢ‫אױ‬ᐊԵऱΔຍଡ incoming ᇷற݈‫ ࣍ۯ‬/home/ftp
# ‫ؾ‬ᙕࢍՀΔ‫܃࣠ڕ‬უ۞ա৬‫ؾم‬ᙕΔࠏ‫ ڕ‬updateΔ߷༉‫< ګޏ‬Directory update>
# ༉‫אױ‬ԱΖ৬‫م‬/home/ftp/update ‫ؾ‬ᙕհ৵Δܑ‫ݱ‬Աല‫ؾ‬ᙕᖑ‫ृڶ‬ፖᦞૻ๻ࡳ‫إ‬ᒔໝΖ
</Anonymous>
# ೳ‫ټ‬೴Ⴧ࿨‫ޔ‬Ζ

18.4 ProFTPD ̺ࡌ௩‫ס‬

‫܏ۉ‬ȂΙૡΡ഍ོӑᖿ၌кौ೩ۡȂࡣ७ϗོᇳ݂ୡӪิΣ‫ޟ‬Ȃ๋‫ޱ‬এ‫܏܏ܒ‬
‫ޟ‬Ȃ፜Ө՝Ϛौϭཎ ^_^ȄততҢ gedit ҈໠Ο೩ۡᔬȂࣺ߬ձᄇΰјഋ‫ޟ‬೩
ۡζ࢐ߨலԤᑹ፸‫֑ޟ‬ȊΙኺ‫پ‬ᖿ၌ඁএ१ौ‫ޟ‬೩֑ۡȊ
ServerName "uBuntu"

ServerName ೩ۡ‫࢐ޟ‬࿋ Client ิΣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂौᡗҰ‫ޟ‬મѮၥଉȂ࿋ձҢ

Filezilla ิΣ ProFTPD ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂϚ‫ޣ‬ၾԤ‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ݧ‬ཎࣼ٥Ι՛ເ࡞‫ޟפ‬ଉ਀ȉ಑Ι
՗൷࢐ၭ೻এ೩ۡԤᜰȂ೻၇‫ר‬ঈ೩ۡԙ uBuntuȂ፜ࣼყ

ყ 18.12 ServerName ೩ۡ
ServerType standalone

ӵ Linux ‫ۻ‬ήȂ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬daemon แԒԤ‫ڍ‬ᆍంଢ଼‫ޟ‬П‫ݲ‬Ȃ಑Ιᆍ࢐݈୛ҏ٘Ι

‫ޢ‬೎ܻஈ՗‫ޑ‬ᄘȂ࿋Ԥ೿ጣ໌‫ޟپ‬ਢঐ൷ོ଻ΰ௥ЙȂᆎ࣏ Standalone ዁ԒȂ
18-12 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ѪѴΙᆍ࢐݈୛ҏ٘࢐ȶᆃ๿ȷ‫ޟ‬ȂՄོԤΙএф౩แԒ xinetd ф࣏௥ԝ೿ጣȂ

xinetd ԝ‫ڗ‬೿ጣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོȶѩᒺȷProFPTD ณࡣᙽЙ஠೿ጣҺ๝ ProFTPDȂᆎ
࣏ inetd ዁ԒȂ೻ኺԤϧቄϚΙኺ‫ڹ‬Ȅ Standalone ‫ޟ‬዁ԒแԒོΙ‫ޢ‬೎ܻஈ՗‫ޑ‬
ᄘȂོլҢ଄ᏹᡝၭ‫ف‬ಛၥྛȂծ࢐Ԥ೿ጣ໌‫ޟپ‬ਢঐџо࡞‫פ‬ഀ‫ޟ‬೎౩Ȅinetd
዁Ԓོആႆ xinetd ೻এแԒ‫پ‬ൔᒺ‫ڏ‬тแԒȂ‫ܚ‬ᒝ‫ڏޟ‬тแԒ‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ൷࢐ xinetd
џоӣਢᆓ௡࡞ӻএ daemonȂԃ proftpdȃsshd ้ȂՄѫሯौլҢΙӋၥྛȞ൷
࢐ xinetd ҏ٘ȟȂѫԤӵሯौ‫ޟ‬ਢঐϗོൔᒺࣺᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬แԒȂծζӰ࣏೻ኺȂ‫ܚ‬
о೿ጣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐོ฿ᄚȄԃ‫ݎ‬ձϚ‫ޣ‬ၾձ‫ޟ‬મѮौҢ঺ᆍ዁Ԓஈ՗Ȃ٥๋‫ޱ‬๝ձ‫ޟ‬
࡚ដ࢐Ȃࢺ໔σ‫ޟ‬મѮ‫ٺ‬Ң Standalone ዁ԒȂӰ࣏ौᓍਢ೎౩ཱི೿ጣȂՄࢺ໔
ω‫ޟ‬મѮȂ൷‫ٺ‬Ң inetd ዁ԒȂџо෵Ѝ‫ف‬ಛၥྛȄ
DisplayLogin welcome.msg

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձདӵտΡิΣમѮ‫ޟ‬ਢঐᡗҰΙ‫ٲ‬ၥଉȂ٥൷஠ϱৠቸΣড়Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ή‫ޟ‬
welcome.msg ၇७ȂӵิΣ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷ོᡗҰӵ٥Ι՛ເ࡞‫ޟפ‬ଉ਀ϛȂ๋‫࡚ޱ‬
ដܹΙ‫ߔ᠍ٲ‬ຠ൷ԁȂӰ࣏೻‫ٲ‬ଉ਀ᡗҰுЊ‫פ‬ΟȂ೽லσড়഍Ϛོ‫ݧ‬ཎ‫ޟ‬Ȅ
Port 21

೻࢐Ιএ࡞१ौ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂࠉ७‫ר‬ঈԤඪ‫ڗ‬ᜰܻȶஃȷ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂ೻এ೩ۡ൷࢐ᇳ
݂Ο ProFTPD ौ௥ԝ٥Ιএஃ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȄΙૡ‫پ‬ᇳ໠‫ޟ‬ஃ഍࢐ 21 ஃȂծζӰ࣏೻
ኺȂ࡞ӻᓧࡊ഍ོ‫ړ‬ཎў೿ጣ 21 ஃ‫پ‬კၐΣ߭ႫသȂ‫ܚ‬оԤ‫ٲ‬Ρོ஠тও‫׽‬ԙ
9999 ‫࢐ܖ‬ՌϏ൉དྷ‫ဴޟ‬ጆȂծও‫׽‬Ϟࡣौ଄ு֙ວտΡձ໠ܹ‫ޟ‬ஃോȊ
PassivePorts 49152 65534

ӵೝଢ଼዁Ԓ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂ࢐ Server ོ໠ంΙএᓍᐠ‫ޟ‬ஃȂ้࡟ Client ೿ጣȂԪ՗

೩ۡ೻এᓍᐠ‫ܚ‬໠ం‫ޟ‬ጒ൜ȄԤ‫ ٲ‬Server ོས଩٩Ьᕓ‫پ‬೩ۡԪ୤ኵȄ
User proftpd
Group nogroup

ஈ՗ ProFTPD ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ‫٘ޟ‬ӋᇄတಢȄ
Umask 022 022

೩ۡ Umask ࣏ 022Ȅ
AllowOverwrite on
 18.5 UTF8 ‫ ڷ‬Big5 18-13

Ԫ୤ኵ೩࣏ۡ on ߒҰ࿋༈ᒯᔬਰϐԆӵ‫ޟ‬ਢঐȂོ‫ޢ‬௥᙭ቸϚඪᒺȄ
RootLogin off

Ϛϰ೨ root ೻এழဴิΣթ݈ᏢȂ೻এ୤ኵष࢐‫ؠ‬Ԥ‫ޟ‬ၗȂՌ՗ёΰ։џȂџ

оᗗջᓧࡊցҢ FTP ‫پ‬ౠ root ‫ޟ‬஝ጆȄ.
DefaultRoot ~ Ducati

೻এ୤ኵߒҰ Ducati ೻এတಢȂ࢐တಢോϚ࢐‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ȃོ໌ΣȶchrootȷᕗცȂ

ѫ૖ӵՌϏ‫ޟ‬ড়Ҭᓃ‫ۻ‬ήࣀଢ଼Ȃฒ‫ݲ‬ᚔ໠ড়ҬᓃȂџо஠‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬ȶᜰȷӵΙএጒ
൜၇७ȄџоҢ ! ‫پ‬ІөᐇհȄ
‫ڏ‬т࿋ณᗙԤ࡞ӻ೩ۡȂ௃ http://www.proftpd.org ၇७џоࢥၚ‫ࣺڗ‬ᜰ‫ޟ‬ђ
૖ȂӨ՝᠞‫ޱ‬ौӻёցҢോȊ
ও‫ׇ׽‬೩ۡᔬϞࡣȂտ‫ן‬Ο१ཱིంଢ଼թ݈ᏢȄ
$ sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

ጂۡ ProFTPD ϐငӵஈ՗Ȅ
$ netstat -l | grep ftp
tcp6 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 38885 /var/run/proftpd/prof
tpd.soc

18.5 UTF8 ַ Big5

UTF8 ၭ Big5 ᔬਰጡጆ‫ޟ‬σᏽȂҬࠉӵ Linux ΰ७џоᇳ࢐ԃЬԃೋ୭Ȋ౪ӵ
џоᇳ࢐ utf8 ၭ Big5 ‫ᙽޟ‬඲෈ȄBig5 ࢐Ԟ෈‫ޟ‬ϛМጡጆȂՄ utf8 ࢐ཱི‫ޟ‬ϛМጡ
ጆȂԞ෈‫ ޟ‬Linux ഍Ιࡡ௴Ң Big5 ‫ޟ‬ጡጆȂՄ utf8 ࢐Ґ‫ޟپ‬ᗍ༖Ȃ჋๋‫ܚޱ‬Ԋ
၆‫ ޟ‬Ubuntu 6.06 ‫ޟގ‬Ⴑ೩ጡጆ࢐ utf8ȂՄ๋‫ޱ‬ԤϞࠉ࢜೩‫ ޟ‬FTP թ݈ᏢȂΰ७
൷࢐௴Ң Big5 ጡጆȂ೻ኺ᠙ଔ‫ܖپ‬೨Ϛ࢐ϧቄ୰ᚠȂ٥‫ר‬ঈ‫پ‬ၐၐ֑ࣼȊ๋‫ޱ‬
Ң‫ڏ‬т FTP ClientȞgftpȟ௃ utf8 ‫ ޟ‬ubuntu ิΣ big5 ጡጆ‫ ޟ‬FTP թ݈ᏢȂོю
౪ԃή‫ޟ‬ห७Ȅ
18-14 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ყ 18.13 Ϛӣጡጆ‫ ޟ‬FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ձџо఼ཿ‫ڗࣼޟ‬ѡП‫ ޟ‬Server ᆒ఼൐ϛМю౪Ο༄ጆ‫ޟ‬௑‫ݷ‬Ȅ೻൷࢐ᚖП
ጡጆϚΙम‫ܚ‬౰ҡ‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂՄ Filezilla џоሆᚬ၌‫ؚ‬Ϛӣጡጆ‫ܚ‬ள‫ޟپ‬୰ᚠȂ჋
ΰक़‫ޟ‬୰ᚠȂձ҆໸ӑጂۡ Server թ݈Ꮲ‫ޟ‬ጡጆȂԤΙএ࡞ᙏ൐‫ޟ‬กၐП‫ݲ‬Ȃ
൷࢐ցҢ Firefox ‫ิپ‬Σ FTP թ݈ᏢȂณࡣᘈᒵᔮຜʖᇭ‫ف‬ЅԅϯጡጆȄࣼ೻၇
‫ޟ‬೩ۡ࢐֏૖ғጂᡗҰ఼൐Ȃ‫ר‬ঈցҢ Firefox ӔԩิΣΰ७‫ޟ‬թ݈ᏢȂณࡣᔮ
ຜጡጆȄ

ყ 18.14 ցҢ Firefox ጂᇯጡጆ

 18.5 UTF8 ‫ ڷ‬Big5 18-15

൷џоጂᇯ Server ᆒ‫ޟ‬ጡጆ࢐ Big5 ‫ޟ‬Ȃ໠ం Filezilla ϞࡣᘈᒵᔬਰʖમѮᆓ

౩ষȂӵԪཱིቨ‫ר‬ঈശலҢ‫ ޟ‬FTP મѮȄ

ყ 18.15 Filezilla મѮᆓ౩ষ

ശࡣԤΙএᡆॲ࢐ȶԅጆ໱ȷȂӵԪ‫ר‬ঈџо஠ Server ᆒ‫ޟ‬ጡጆࡾ࣏ۡ Big5Ȃ

ϞࡣӔԩิΣ൷џоғலᡗҰ୨Ȃԃ‫ؠݎ‬೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ࢐೿ϛМ഍ϚོᡗҰ‫ޟ‬
ോȊȊ

ყ 18.16 Filezilla ԅጆ໱

18-16 ಑ 18 ണ FTP թ݈Ꮲ

ӔԩิΣࡣ൷џоғலᡗҰϛМΟȊ

ყ 18.17 Filezilla ϛМ‫ؠ‬୰ᚠ୨Ȋ

 ࿧‫ڟ࡭ߨ˽ܮ‬թ̬ᑓჄ
iptables ຅ណ

ᇳ‫ڗ‬Ο٩ЬᕓȂᡱ‫ר‬ད‫ڗ‬ӵ Ubuntu ΰȂ๋‫ޱ‬ෆҢႆΙএ GUI Firewall Ȉ

FirestarterȂᇳઍ‫ޟ‬ᢍП߯‫ޟ‬ȂՄиᢍᎌӫΙૡΡҢ‫ޟ‬Ȃആႆყ࠮ϭ७‫ޟ‬ПԒȂ
൷џоও‫ۻ׽‬ቹ‫ ޟ‬iptables ೣࠌȄϚႆӵ‫ٺ‬ҢࠉȂ᠞‫ޱ‬ᗙ࢐҆ሯᄇ‫ۻ‬ቹ‫ ޟ‬iptables
Ԥ‫ٲ‬Ο၌ȄՄ೻এണ࿽‫ڏ‬ᄂনҏ࢐‫پ‬ϚЅቸ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ܚ‬о๋‫ޱ‬൷‫ۏ‬ଊΟԁЄȶӌᚶ‫ش‬ȷ
ᔓԔቸȂӌᚶ‫ش‬ζ࡞ዥЖΙο൷๎ᔖΟȂӵ೻၇๋‫ޱ‬ौཐᗂΙήӌᚶ‫ޟش‬ዥЖȂ
ᡱ೻ҏਪ‫ׇ؁‬ᐌΟȄ٥ቄ൷‫ר‬ঈ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬Firestarter ই‫ۻ‬Ԥϧቄԁਟ‫ڹޟ‬ȉ

19.1 Linux թ̬ᑓ͒৖

Linux ᆩၯђ૖ϛശ஼σ‫ޟ‬੫Փ൷࢐ϱ࡚Ο iptables/netfilter ٩Ьᕓ‫ޟ‬ᐠ‫ڙ‬Ȅ
netfilter ࢐ Linux ਯЖϛ٩Ьᕓ‫࢜ޟ‬ᄺȂiptables ࠌ࢐Ң‫پ‬ᆓ౩٩Ьᕓೣࠌ‫ޟ‬ώ
‫ڎ‬Ȅ٥ Linux ‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓџоୈ‫ࣥڗ‬ቄђ૖‫?ڹ‬ӈդձ૖ད‫ޟ‬ю‫ޟپ‬ȂᗙԤ‫ڏ‬тձ
དϚю‫ޟپ‬Ȅѓ֤ࡌѓႆᘮȃࡌѓও‫׽‬ȃकᓃ੫ۡࡌѓ้้Ȅоήӑᙏ൐ϭಝΙ
ή Linux ਯЖ၇७ࡌѓ೎౩‫ࢺޟ‬แȂϞࡣӵϭಝԃդ‫ٺ‬Ң GUI ώ‫ ڎ‬Firestarter ‫پ‬
࡚ҳᙏ൐‫ޟ‬٩ЬᕓȄ
1 9-2 ಑ ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ
19 iptables ྅ᢎ

Kernel ϛ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓ೎౩ࢺแ
ᆩሬᆩၯϛȂΙএࡌѓ௃кᐠ A ีюϞࡣȂџ૖ငႆ೨ӻϛ໢‫ޟ‬ၯҥᏢϞࡣϗ
ོ‫ڗ‬ႀತᘈ BȄ

ყ 19.1 ࡌѓ‫ޟ‬೎౩ࢺแ

࿋ΙѮкᐠԝ‫ڗ‬Οᆩၯ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓȂོᔮࢥ೻এࡌѓ‫ޟ‬Ҭ‫ޟ‬Ӵ࢐Ϛ࢐ҏᐠ՝֭Ȃԃ
‫࢐ݎ‬Ȃࡌѓ൷ོငႆ iptables INPUT Chain ‫پ‬ᔮࢥȂณࡣҺ๝ OSI ᆩၯϷቹϛ‫؁‬
ΰቹ‫ޟ‬೽ଉ‫پۡڞ‬೎౩Ȅԃ‫ݎ‬Ϛ࢐Ȃ٥൷ོငҥ FORWARD оЅ POSTROUTING
Chain ‫پ‬ᔮࢥȂณࡣᙽଚюўȄ

௃ҏᐠีଚюў‫ࡌޟ‬ѓȂࠌོငႆ OUTPUT Ѕ POSTROUTING Chain ‫ޟ‬ᔮࢥ

ณࡣีଚȄ
࣏Οᡱ iptables ೣࠌ‫ޟ‬ᆓ౩‫఼؁‬ཿᙏ߯Ȃiptables Ϸ᜸Οέএ table ‫پ‬ᆓ౩ೣ
ࠌȂؐএ table ࠌџоѓ֤ӨՌ‫ ޟ‬ChainȂؐన Chain ࠌӖΟΙనΙన‫ ޟ‬ruleȄ
Table filter: ೻এ Table Ⴑ೩ѓ֤ΟέనೣࠌᗥȂ INPUT Ȃ FORWARD Ȃ‫ڷ‬
OUTPUTȄINPUT Ң‫پ‬ᔮࢥौଚႀҏᐠ‫ࡌޟ‬ѓȂFORWARD ᔮࢥငҥҏᐠᙽଚ‫ޟ‬
 19.2 ‫פ‬ഀ࡚ҳ٩Ьᕓɯ Firestarter 1 9-3

ࡌѓȂOUPUT ᔮࢥҏᐠ౰ҡีଚюў‫ࡌޟ‬ѓȄौӖюҬࠉ filter table ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌџ

оҢ iptables -LȄ
Table nat:ѓ֤έనᗥ PREROUTINGȂOUTPUTȂPOSTROUTINGȄ࿋Ιএࡌ
ѓ࢐ौ࡚ҳΙనཱི‫ޟ‬೿ጣਢঐȂ൷ོҺ๝ Nat Table ‫پ‬೎౩ȄTable nat ശலَ‫ڗ‬
‫ޟ‬Ңഊ൷࢐Ң‫࡚پ‬ҳ NATȞNetwork Address TranslationȟȂζ൷࢐ӵࡌѓ໌Σ
೻এ table ‫ޟ‬ਢঐ൷‫׽‬ᡐࡌѓ Header ‫ ޟ‬Source Address ‫پ‬ႀ‫ڗ‬ᆩၯ՝֭ୃ၆‫ޟ‬
ਝ‫ݎ‬ȄӖю table nat ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌџоҢ iptables -t nat -LȄ
Table mangleȈѓ֤Ο PREROUTINGȂPOSTROUTINGȂINPUTȂOUTPUTȂ
FORWARD ϤనᗥȄmangle ‫ޟ‬ҏཎ࢐‫ݍװ‬ՙ‫ښ‬࿥Ȃӵ೻၇‫ޟ‬ཎࡦ࢐Ң‫׽پ‬ᡐࡌ
ѓ‫ޟ‬ϱৠȂ‫ٽ‬ԃ‫׽‬ᡐ TTLȞTime To LiveȟȂ‫ ࢐ܖ‬TOSȞType of ServiceȟȄӖ
ю table mangle ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌџоҢ iptables -t mangle -LȄ

19.2 Ӥఀ‫ݚ‬γթ̬ᑓůFirestarter
Ԋ၆Ѕంଢ଼ :Ubuntu ѫौήࡾх apt-get install firestarter ։ོᔓձԊ၆ԁ
firestarter ΟȄ‫ٮ‬иζ೩ۡؐԩ໠ᐠਢঐོՌଢ଼ၷΣႱ೩‫࢐ܖ‬ձ‫ۡܚ‬ဎ‫ޟ‬ೣࠌȄ
Ԋ၆ϞࡣџоӵแԒ໱‫فޟ‬ಛแԒ၇७‫ ڗײ‬FirestarterȂԃ‫ݎ‬ஈ՗ਢঐϚ࢐о
rootȂࠌሯौᒯΣ root ஝ጆϗԤ೩ۡ٩Ьᕓ‫᠌ޟ‬३ോȊ

೩ۡᆠ᡹:಑Ιԩஈ՗‫ٺޟ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ȃџоӑ௃ᒵ൐ Firewall->Run Wizard ‫پ‬ஈ՗

೩ۡᆠ᡹ȄॶӑᒵᐅҢ‫پ‬ᄇѴ೿ጣ‫ޟ‬၆ညȂԃ‫࢐ݎ‬ୢ୿ᆩၯ൷ᒵᐅ eth0Ȃԃ‫࢐ݎ‬
‫ٺ‬Ң ADSL PPPoE ΰᆩ‫ޟ‬ၗ൷ौӵ ADSL ೿ጣ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘήᒵᐅ ppp0Ȅ
1 9-4 ಑ ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ
19 iptables ྅ᢎ

ყ 19.2 ᒵᐅ೿ጣ

௥ή‫پ‬ौᒵᐅᄇϱഋ‫ޟ‬ᆩၯ၆ညȂ‫ٮ‬и೩ۡ࢐֏ంҢ ICSȞInternet Connection

Sharing ȟ൷࢐ᡱտѮႫသџоആႆ೻ѮႫသΰᆩ୨ȊषौంҢ೻໶ђ૖Ȃձሯ
ौԤ‫ڍ‬஻ᆩၯњȂၯԃᄇѴ೿ጣҢ eth0Ȃᄇϱ൷ᒵᐅ eth1Ȃ֏ࠌ firestarter Ϛོ
ᡱձ᝷៉Ȅ

ყ 19.3 Ϸ‫ٴ‬ᆩၯ೿ጣ೩ۡ

൷೻ኺȂശࡣ‫װ‬๖‫ ݎ‬Save ଔ‫پ‬൷џоΟȄ٩Ьᕓంଢ଼ϞࡣȂ൷ོӵ Firestarter

‫ޟ‬кห७ࣼ‫ ڗ‬Status ή७‫ޟ‬ጐᓞყҰ
 19.2 ‫פ‬ഀ࡚ҳ٩Ьᕓɯ Firestarter 1 9-5

ყ 19.4 Firestarter ంଢ଼

ौୄХ٩ЬᕓȂӱඈശߑ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ൷ࡸώ‫ڎ‬Ӗΰ‫ޟ‬औՓ STOP ࡸ໖൷՗

᠅Ȋ
Firestarter ‫ٺޟ‬Ңϭ७Ϸ࣏έএ Tab
StatusȈᡗҰҬࠉ٩Ьᕓ‫ޑޟ‬ᄘȂ‫ٱ‬ӇኵҬȂӨএ၆ည‫ࢺޟ‬໔Ȃ‫ڷ‬Ҭࠉ‫ޟ‬
೿ጣȄ
EventsȈӖю‫ܚ‬Ԥೝ᐀ή‫ࡌޟپ‬ѓȂձџоӵӨএ‫ٱ‬ӇΰࡸѡᗤȂᒵᐅ ӣ
ཎ௃೻এ‫ ྛپ‬IP ໌‫ޟپ‬೿ጣȞ‫ڗ‬ҏᐠ‫ܚ‬Ԥ‫ ޟ‬portȟȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ӣཎ‫ܚ‬Ԥ೿ጣ‫ڗ‬
ҏᐠ೻এஃȞportȟ‫ޟ‬೿ጣȂ‫࢐ܖ‬ӣཎ೻এ‫ ྛپ‬IP ೿௥‫ڗ‬೻এ portȄ
1 9-6 ಑ ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ
19 iptables ྅ᢎ

ყ 19.5 Events Tab

Ȉ೻၇ᡱձՌॏೣࠌȂӵ Events Tab ‫ܚ‬հ‫؁ޟ‬ᡐζོᡗҰӵ೻၇Ȅ

Policy
ՌॏೣࠌȈ३‫ࢺڙ‬Σࢺю‫ޟ‬೿ጣȂџоҢ‫پ‬३‫ڙ‬ѴഋԆ‫ڥ‬ϱഋ‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȃ‫ܖ‬
࢐३‫ڙ‬ϱഋ‫ޟ‬ႫသᄇѴ‫ޟ‬೿ጣȞ‫ٽ‬ԃϚ૖Ң BTȃtelnet ้้ȟȄ
 19.2 ‫פ‬ഀ࡚ҳ٩Ьᕓɯ Firestarter 1 9-7

ყ 19.6 ३‫໌ڙ‬Σ೿ጣ

Firestarter ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄࢐ߢ᐀ӈդ໌Σҏᐠ‫ཱིޟ‬೿ጣȂӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈџо೩ۡҩӪ
൐Ȃϰ೨࢚‫ ٲ‬IP/Network ೿ΣȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ಑Ιួϰ೨ 140.121.185.201 ೻এ IP ‫ڷ‬
192.168.100.໠ᓞ‫ܚޟ‬Ԥ IP ೿ΣҏᐠȄ಑Πួ‫ޟ‬३‫ᝒ؁ڙ‬ਿȂଶΟ३‫ڙ‬೿Σ‫ޟ‬
IPȂζ३‫ڙ‬Ο೿௥ஃȄӵ೻၇‫ר‬ঈϰ೨ 140.123.101.໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬кᐠ‫ٺ‬Ңҏᐠ port 22
‫ ޟ‬ssh ݈୛ȂоЅϰ೨жࣨӨӴ೿‫ڗ‬ҏᐠ‫ ޟ‬port 4886Ȅ಑έួ࢐ Port-Forwarding
‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ୅‫רٺ‬ঈ࢐ΙѮ NAT ‫ޟ‬ႢၾᏢȂ‫ר‬ঈџо‫װ‬Ѵഋ೿໌‫ޟپ‬೿ጣᙽ௥‫ڗ‬
ϱഋ‫ޟ‬кᐠȄ
1 9-8 ಑ ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ
19 iptables ྅ᢎ

ყ 19.7 NAT Ұཎყ

ӵѴഋࣼ‫پ‬ѫ‫ޣ‬ၾΙѮ 14.1.23.5 ‫ޟ‬кᐠȂծ࢐೻Ѯ NAT Router ོ‫װ‬೿ጣᙽ‫ڗ‬

ϱഋӨѮᄇᔖ‫ޟ‬кᐠ 10.0.0.1~10.0.0.5 ΰȄ೻ቄୈ‫ޟ‬ԁ೎࢐Ȃϱഋ‫ޟ‬кᐠѫོ
ԝ‫ ڗ‬NAT Router ΰ७‫ܚ‬೩ۡ‫݈ޟ‬୛‫ޟ‬೿ጣȂӰԪϚҢᐊЖོϚωЖԤࣥቄ᚞Ѵ
‫݈ޟ‬୛ᎏ‫׾ڗ‬ᔞȄ‫ٽ‬ԃ୅೩ 10.0.0.1 ೻Ѯкᐠ॒೰ http port 80 ‫݈ޟ‬୛Ȃ൷ᆗт
ΰ७ζເΟ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬serviceȂζϚོԤѴഋ‫ޟ‬೿ጣ೿‫پ໌ޟ‬ȂӰོ࣏ೝ NAT Router
᐀ήȂӰԪζϚҢᐊЖ http оѴ‫݈ޟ‬୛ೝ‫׾‬ᔞȄ
३‫ڙ‬ᄇѴ೿ጣ
ᄇѴ೿ጣ‫ޟ‬३‫ڙ‬Ϸԙ‫ڍ‬ᆍȂ಑Ιᆍ࢐ϰ೨‫ܚ‬Ԥ೿ጣȂ᚞Ѵࡌᚇ‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ռॏ‫ޟ‬༃
Ӫ൐Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃࡌᚇ MSN Messenger ‫ ޟ‬port 1863 ‫ ࢐ܖ‬ftp ‫ ޟ‬21Ȅ
 19.2 ‫פ‬ഀ࡚ҳ٩Ьᕓɯ Firestarter 1 9-9

ყ 19.8 ༃Ӫ൐ጒ‫ٽ‬

࿱Х೿ጣ‫ ڗ‬207.48 ໠ᓞ‫ޟ‬ᆩમȂоЅ BTȃTelnet ݈୛Ȃ‫ڏ‬тܹ՗Ȅ

಑Πᆍ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ‫ᝒ؁‬ਿȂѫϰ೨‫ٺ‬Ң‫ޱ‬Ռॏ‫ޟ‬೿ጣȂ‫ڏ‬Ꮇ഍ࡌᚇȄ‫ٽ‬ԃȈѫ૖೿
ጣ‫ڗ‬Ѵഋ http port 80Ȅ
1 9-10 ಑ ണ ყ࠮Ͻࣨ७‫ޟ‬٩Ьᕓᇄ
19 iptables ྅ᢎ

ყ 19.9 ҩӪ൐ጒ‫ٽ‬

ѫϰ೨೿ጣ‫ ڗ‬Http ݈୛Ȅ

 Beryl 3D Desktop

3D ਹ७Ϗင࢐Ґ‫ޟپ‬ᗍ༖Ȃߖԑ‫پ‬ড়ҢႫသලႇЀ઻ȂՄиϚ࢐ড়ড়ИИ഍
ԤΙѮȂՄ࢐ড়ড়ИИ഍ԤԁඁѮȄΙૡΡড়၇σഋӋ഍࢐Ң WindowsȂծ࢐
Windows σ྅ζौԁඁԑϗོюཱི‫ގޟ‬ҏȂࣺ߬σড়഍ࣼᑶΟ֑ȉᗶณ
Windows ‫ޟ‬Ѵᢎ࢐џо‫ޟ׽‬ȂϚႆ૖‫ޟ׽‬ӴПᗙ࢐Ԥ३ȂϚ჋ Linux ‫ ޟ‬Window
Manager ٥ቄ‫ޟ‬᡹ࣀՌҥȂࣥՍ჋ jserv σর٥ኺՌϏቸΟΙএ Ȅ᠙Ρড়ᇳ 2007
ԑȂWindows ‫ف‬Ӗ‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛζौ௰юཱི‫ގ‬ҏΟȂ၏ಠ‫ޟ‬௑‫ؠޱ๋ݷ‬ў‫ݧ‬ཎȂϚ
ႆϚѴнᔖ၎࢐Ԥ 3D ‫ݍޟ‬ՙȂоЅആ้้݂࡙Ȅ࿋ณ᠅ʂ‫ר‬ঈ Linux ೻ቄӑ໌
‫ޟ‬հཾ‫ف‬ಛȂԞӵՙϯ 2005 ԑ൷ϏငԤΟ 3D ਹ७ȄՄ೻ 3D ‫ ޟ‬Window Manager
൷࢐ BerylȄ

20.1 Beryl ‫˧ސ‬ᅄĉ

Beryl ࢐Ιএ Window Manager ঙ Composite ManagerȞ᠞‫ܖޱ‬೨ᄇԪࣺ࿋५
ҡȂ೻ζ࢐ߖ‫ پ‬Xorg ี৤ඪю‫ཱིޟ‬྅‫܈‬Ȃᙏ൐‫پ‬ᇳȂcomposite manager ϰ೨
ᄇএտၥྛ‫ܖ‬ಠഋ‫֕ޟ‬౪հ፡ᐌȟȂցҢ AIGLX ฽ᡝᛲყёഀ‫׬‬೚ആႆ OpenGL
ᛲყᐇհȂหюձདौ‫ޟ‬੫੆ਝ‫֕ݎ‬౪ӵᒉᄍΰȂԃ 3D ਹ७ȃആ݂ȃᗙԤ‫׫‬ଢ଼
‫ޟ‬ਝ‫้้ݎ‬Ȅ
20-2 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

Лධ XGL/AIGLX ‫ ޟ‬3D Window Manager & Composite Manager ࢐ compiz

Ȟ౪ӵζᗙԆӵȟȂϚႆ compiz ࢐ Novell ӵᆓ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ޥ‬တ၇ԤΡᄇѺϚᅖȂ‫ܚ‬о
ࡣ‫ޥپ‬တ‫ޟގ‬Ϸນю‫ ࣏پ‬BerylȄXGL ‫ޟ‬ᛲყ‫׬‬೚ᆗ࢐Ιএႆ෮෈‫ޟ‬ПਰȂ௃ 2006
ԑ‫ ޟ‬9 Т‫ࡣۻ‬Ȃѫौ upgrade ႆࡣ compiz ൷௮௬ΟȂ٥࢐Ӱ࣏ӵԪϞࡣ‫ ޟ‬compiz
൷Ϸນ௬ȂᡐԙΟ BerylȂՄиЛධ AIGLX ೻এᄉཱི‫ޟ‬฽ᡝᛲყёഀ‫׬‬೚ȂՄ
AIGLX ζғԒᐌӫ‫ڗ‬ശߖ‫ ޟ‬Xorg ໠ีȄ‫ܚ‬оȂBeryl Ϛሯौԃ compiz Ιૡ‫ٷ‬ᒦ
ႆ෮‫ ޟܒ‬XGL ‫׬‬೚Ȃᗶณ Beryl ζ૖ӵ XGL ‫ޟ‬ᕗცήஈ՗ȄXGL/AIGLX ࢐ആႆ
࢜ᄺΰ‫ޟ‬ও‫׽‬ȂϗுоᡱҬઌડಋ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬ӵ X Window System ΰ֕౪Ȅ௥ή‫پ‬
൷ᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ ࣼࣼپ‬BerylȂѺ‫ࡩۻڗ‬ቄ၆ȉԤϧቄ੫౴ђ૖‫ڹ‬ȉ

20.2 Њཆ Beryl
ԃ‫ݎ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ң‫ ࢐ޟ‬ATI ᡗҰњ‫ޟ‬ၗȂ٥ቄौӑಋଶ xorg-driver-fglrxȞຝȈ೻এ៮
ଢ଼แԒ‫ڷ‬ϱ࡚‫ޟ‬ϚΙኺȂӵή७‫ ޟ‬ATI ៮ଢ଼แԒԤ၌ភȟȄӰ࣏Ҭࠉ ATI ۢП‫ޟ‬
៮ଢ଼แԒ࢐ figlxȂ‫ܚ‬оনኅ‫ ޟ‬driver ϚЛධ aiglxȄծ࢐ौເ aiglxȂ൷ौҢӵ xorg
7.1 ၇‫ ޟ‬opensource ‫៮ގ‬ଢ଼แԒ radeonȂϚႆਝ૖Шၶ৯Ȅ‫ܚ‬оҢ ATI ᡗҰњ
‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬ঈȂौӑҢ೻এࡾхಋଶ௬ ATI ۢП‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȄ
$ sudo aptitude remove xorg-driver-fglrx

20.2.1 ቨё಑έПৈӇ৲‫ྛپ‬
Ҭࠉ ኷ ਢ ᗙ ‫ ؠ‬Ԥ ೝ ܹ ‫ ڗ‬edgy ‫ ޟ‬ৈ Ӈ ৲ ၇ Ȃ ‫ ܚ‬о ‫ ר‬ঈ ौ ӑ ӵ
Beryl
ёΰৈӇ৲‫ྛپ‬ȂϚႆӵ‫ר‬ঈ໠ۖ೻এ؏᡽ࠉȂ‫ר‬ঈശԁӑ
/etc/apt/sources.list
‫ཱི؁‬Ιήਹ७ᕗცȂࡾх؏᡽ԃήȈ
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

‫ߞְڶ‬ Desktop Environment / Window Manager փ‫ܠ‬ȂҞѽ࣏

Ȃ
kubuntu-desktop xubuntu-desktop Ȅ
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-3

௥ή‫پ‬ও‫ ׽‬/etc/apt/sources.listȂ‫پ‬ቨё಑έП‫ޟ‬ৈӇ৲Ȅ࡚ដձӑരӋԁ
sources.listȄ
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

Ң gedit ໠ం sources.list
$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

ёΣоή‫ྛپ‬
deb http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/ edgy main

ԃ‫ݎ‬ձ࢐Ң 64 bit Ubuntu ‫ޟ‬᠞‫ޱ‬Ȃ፜඲ԙ೻Ι՗

deb http://compiz-mirror.lupine.me.uk/ edgy main-edgy main-edgy-amd64

ήၷ‫ٮ‬Ԋ၆ཱིৈӇ৲‫ ޟ‬Apt KeyȄ

$ sudo wget http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

ȶ-ȷ‫ࡣޟ‬७࢐σቸ‫ ޟ‬OȞዉȟȂϚ࢐ 0ȞႭȟ঻Ȋ

‫ཱི؁‬ৈӇ৲
$ sudo apt-get update

20.2.2 Ԋ၆ᡗҰњ៮ଢ଼แԒ
Ԋ၆ Nvidia වаᡗҰњ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ
ձ҆ሯӵ/etc/apt/sources.listȂӔёΣή७೻Ι՗
deb http://seerofsouls.com/ edgy contrib

ήၷ‫ٮ‬Ԋ၆ Nvidia driver ৈӇ৲‫ ޟ‬Apt KeyȄ

wget http://seerofsouls.com/keys/hawkwind.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

௥๿ᒯΣ
$ sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx ; sudo apt-get upgrade

೻ኺџоЀ઻‫ཱི؁‬ linux-restricted-modules ȃ linux-restricted-modules-

common ೻‫ڍ‬এৈӇȄ
20-4 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

ณࡣ᠞‫ޱ‬ശԁӑരӋΙή /etc/X11/xorg.conf
$ sudo nvidia-xconfig

೻ኺ൷ོ‫ཱི؁‬ձ‫ ޟ‬xorg.confȂณࡣጂۡႆձΰ७‫؏ޟ‬᡽഍ୈᄇΟȂཱི‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼
แԒԊ၆ࡣȂ፜१໠ᐠȄ
ATI & Intel වаᡗҰњ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒ
Ӱ࣏ ATI & Intel ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒԤϱ࡚ȂনӰ࢐ Intel ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒȂԤ‫ׇ‬Ӓ໠ܹন
ۖጆȂ‫ܚ‬о Intel ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒԤᐌӫ‫ ڗ‬Xorg ၇Ȅծ࢐ ATI ‫ؠٮ‬Ԥ໠ܹনۖጆȂՄ
и ATI ۢПߨ໠ܹྛۖጆ‫៮ޟ‬ଢ଼แԒฒ‫ݲ‬ເ AIGLXȂϚႆζԤΡᔓѺቸ Open
Source DriverȂѫ࢐ਝ૖ШၶϚԁȂծζԤᐌӫ‫ ڗ‬Xorg ၇Ȃ‫ܚ‬оѫौࡸྱ಑Ι
؏Ȃёΰ಑έПৈӇ৲ࡣȂԊ၆‫ ׇ‬Beryl ࡣ೩ۡΙή xorg.conf ൷џоҢΟȄ

20.2.3 Ԋ၆ Beryl
sudo apt-get install beryl emerald emerald-themes

Ӱ࣏ࣺ‫ޟܒٷ‬ᜰ߽Ȃ‫ڏ‬т‫ ޟ‬Beryl ࣺᜰৈӇོՌଢ଼၆ଔ‫پ‬Ȅ

20.2.4 ও‫ ׽‬xorg.conf
Nvidia වаᡗҰњ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ
ॶӑौও‫ ׽‬/etc/X11/xorg.confȄശԁരӋΙήձ‫ ޟ‬xorg.confȄ
$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

ёΣή७ಗᡝԅ‫ޟ‬ഋӋȂ‫پ‬ంଢ଼ Beryl ‫ޟ‬ђ૖Ȃौёӵ Section "Screen" ၇Ȃ

჋࢐೻এኺυȈ
ฃ
… …
Modes ฃ
"1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "832x624" "800x600" … …
EndSubSection # ଺‫ء‬༉‫ڶ‬ऱ
# Enable 32-bit ARGB GLX Visuals
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
EndSection # ଺‫ء‬༉‫ڶ‬ऱ
 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-5

ᗙԤ Section "Device" ौёΰ

Option "TripleBuffer" "true"

჋೻ኺ
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV17 [GeForce4 MX 420]"
Driver "nvidia"
Option "TripleBuffer" "true"
EndSection

‫ׇ׽‬Οоࡣ൷џо१໠ X ୨Ȋࡸή ctrl+alt+backspaceȂณࡣ१ཱིิΣȂ‫ܖ‬

࢐१ཱི໠ᐠζџоȄ
ATI වаᡗҰњ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ
ও‫ ׽‬/etc/X11/xorg.confȄശԁരӋΙήձ‫ ޟ‬xorg.confȄ
$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Device" ၇‫ ޟ‬DriveȂौ‫׽‬ԙ "radeon" ՄϚ࢐ "nvidia"ȂIdentifier ٥Ι

՗Ϛौ‫঻ڗ׽‬ȞຝȈIdentifier ٥Ι՗ϚΙۡၭ๋‫ޟޱ‬ΙኺȟȂ჋࢐೻এኺυȈ
Section "Device"
Identifier "ATI Technologies, Inc. M9+ 5C63 [Radeon Mobility 9000 (AGP)]"
Driver "radeon"
BusID "PCI:0:16:0"
Option "UseFBDev" "true"

௥๿ӵ೻ή७ёΣоή೩ۡȄ
Option "DRI" "true"
Option "ColorTiling" "on"
Option "EnablePageFlip" "true"
Option "AccelMethod" "EXA"
Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps"
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AGPFastWrite" "on"
EndSection #଺‫ء‬༉‫ڶ‬ऱ
Intel වаᡗҰњ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ
Ιኺও‫ ׽‬/etc/X11/xorg.confȄശԁരӋΙήձ‫ ޟ‬xorg.confȄ
20-6 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

ӵ Section “Device”ёΰȈ
Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true"

ӵ xorg.conf ‫ޟ‬ശή७ёΰȈ
Section "Extensions"
Option "Composite" "true"
EndSection

20.2.5 ంଢ଼ Beryl X Window Manager

१ཱིิΣࡣ໠ంΙএತᆒᐠȂ‫ࡸ࢐ܖ‬ή Alt ɮ F2 ᒯΣ beryl-manager ‫ܖ‬
beryl-start ൷џо work ΟȄ௥ή൷ᡱ‫ר‬ঈ‫ࣼࣼپ‬ȂBeryl ‫ۻڗ‬ԤϧቄԁҢ‫ޟ‬ђ૖
‫ڷ‬ዥᗤ֑Ȋ࿋ձ‫ ޟ‬Beryl work ࡣȂ಑Ιএձџоࣼ‫ޟڗ‬Ȃ൷࢐೻এంଢ଼ႆแȄ

ყ 20-1 ంଢ଼ Beryl
 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-7

௥ ๿ ձ џ о ӵ ѡ ΰ П Ȃ ‫ ڗ ײ‬Beryl
Manager ჋ ࢐ Ι ᗻ औ ᝘ ү Ȃ Beryl
Manager ࣺ࿋П߯Ȃџоᡱձ‫׽‬ᡐ Beryl
ࣺᜰ‫ޟ‬೩ۡȂ‫ٽ‬ԃȈBeryl ೩ۡᆓ౩Ȟџ
ಠഋ೩ۡ BerylȂ჋࢐ዥᗤ้้‫ޟ‬ȟȃᆦ
᝘үкᚠᆓ౩ᏢȞџоҢ‫پ‬೩ۡձ‫ޟ‬ຜ
ๅ၆Ⴚȟȃᒵᐅ Window Manager ้ђ
૖Ȃ࿋ձϚདంଢ଼ Beryl ਢȂζџо඲ӱ
নҏ‫ ޟ‬MetacityȂ‫ ࢐ܖ‬KDEȃXFCE ้
้‫ ޟ‬Window ManagerȄ ყ 20-2 Beryl Manager

Emerald Theme Manager ᆦ᝘үкᚠᆓ౩Ꮲ

ყ 20-3 Emerald Themer

ᗶณϱ࡚൷σघԤΠ̈ඁᆍ‫ ޟ‬theme џоᒵᐅȂϚႆ᠞‫ޱ‬ζџоΰᆩ‫ײ‬տ‫ޟ‬

theme ‫پ‬Ԋ၆Ȃᆩ֭http://www.gnome-look.org/Ȅ
20-8 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

Beryl HotKeys ᇄђ૖ᙏϭ

1. ϸ඲ຜๅ Alt + Tab

ყ 20-4 ϸ඲ຜๅਢȂᗙོ౰ҡᕻყП߯Ⴑ។Ȅ
2. ‫ ∬ݎ‬QQ ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬Ȃ‫ܜ‬ଢ଼ຜๅ։џȄ‫ࡸ࢐ܖ‬՞ Alt Ӕ‫׺‬՞ຜๅӈΙ՝ညȂ‫׺‬
Ϛ‫ڗ‬ശΰ७‫ޟ‬᜞਱ਢџоҢ೻‫ܣ‬Ȅ

ყ 20-5 ‫ ∬ݎ‬QQ ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬

 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-9

3. ϸ඲ਹ७ȂCtrl+Alt+ПөᗤȞΰήѾѡ഍џоȟȂ‫࢐ܖ‬஠ࡾ኿ಋ‫ڗ‬ਹ७‫ޟ‬
Ѿ‫ܖ‬ѡ᜞Ȃᅌଢ଼ྤჃᅌᎈζџоȄ

ყ 20-6 ϸ඲ਹ७
4. ՌҥఋᙽȂӑࡸ՞ Ctrl+Alt ณࡣӔᘈྤჃѾᗤȂ൷џоՌҥఋᙽձ‫ޟ‬ਹ७᠅Ȋ

ყ 20-7 Ռҥఋᙽ
20-10 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

5. ‫װ‬ຜๅ‫ڗܜ‬տ‫ޟ‬ਹ७Ȃࡸ՞ Ctrl+Alt+Shift ณࡣӔࡸПөᗤ։џȂ‫ܜ࢐ܖ‬

๿ຜๅ຺ႆձ౪ӵਹ७‫ޟ‬᜞ࣨζџоȄ

ყ 20-8 ‫װ‬ຜๅ‫ڗܜ‬տ‫ޟ‬ਹ७
6. ຜๅ‫ޟ‬ആ݂࡙Ȃӑࡸ՞ Alt ณࡣӔᅌଢ଼ྤჃ‫ޟ‬ᅌᎈ։џȄ

ყ 20-9 ຜๅ‫ޟ‬ആ݂࡙
 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-11

7. ‫ܚ‬Ԥਹ७ΰ‫ޟ‬ຜๅ഍௶ӖᐌቆȂࡸή F8Ȅ‫ࡾڷ‬኿ಋ‫ڗ‬ѾήПђ૖ΙኺȄ

ყ 20-10 ‫ܚ‬Ԥਹ७ΰ‫ޟ‬ຜๅ഍௶Ӗᐌቆ
8. ೻এਹ७ΰ‫ޟ‬ຜๅ഍௶ӖᐌቆȂࡸή F9Ȅ‫ࡾڷ‬኿ಋ‫ڗ‬ѡΰПђ૖ΙኺȄࡸ
՞ Alt ӔҢྤჃѾᗤȂ൷џо‫׺‬๿ຜๅ‫ޟ‬ӈդΙএӴПȄ

ყ 20-11 ௸໠ຜๅ
20-12 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

9. ᠋໠‫ܚ‬Ԥਹ७ȂCtrl + Alt + PageDownȄ

ყ 20-12 ᠋໠‫ܚ‬Ԥਹ७
10. ӒഋຜๅᕻωȂCtrl + Alt + DȄ

ყ 20-13 Ӓഋຜๅᕻω
 20.2 Ԋ၆ Beryl 20-13

11. F8 ࡣӔӒഋຜๅᕻωȄ

ყ 20-14 F8 ࡣӔӒഋຜๅᕻω

12. Ctrl + Alt + H ቶ࡙ӒᅖȂӔࡸΙԩᡐӱ‫پ‬Ȅ

13. Ctrl + Alt + V ଽ࡙ӒᅖȂӔࡸΙԩᡐӱ‫پ‬Ȅ
14. Ctrl + Alt + S ຜๅ௢ଔȂӔࡸΙԩᡐӱ‫پ‬Ȅ
15. ᡱ Beryl ᡐԙᄚଢ଼հȂࡸή Shift + F10 џоᡱ Bery ‫ޟ‬ਝ‫ݎ‬ᡐᄚȂӔࡸΙ
ԩ։џ࡮ඈȄ

20.2.6 ஠ Beryl ё‫ڗ‬հཾ໦ࢲ

೻ኺ൷џоΙ໌‫ ڗ‬X ൷Ԥ BerylȂՄϚҢӑ໌ў X Ӕ໠ BerylȄП‫ݲ‬Ȉᒵᐅ‫ف‬ಛ
-->୑ԁ೩ۡ-->հཾ໦ࢲ-->ߑ‫ٺ‬ంଢ଼แԒ --> ཱིቨȂёΰ‫ۻ‬ή೻Ι՗Ȉ
/usr/bin/beryl-manager

џ࢐ौ଄ு঻ȊBeryl ‫ ڷ‬DirectX ‫ޟ‬ၽᔛ࢐Ϛ૖Ιଔஈ՗‫ޟ‬Ȅ‫ٽ‬ԃȈWoWȃSteam

้Ȅ٥ቄ഻ή‫ޟ‬൷࢐‫ٷ‬᠞‫ޟޱ‬൉ԁȂ፡ᐌ Beryl ‫ޟ‬೩ۡ঄Ȃ‫ڏ‬ᄂᗙԤ࡞ӻ੫ਝџ
оҢȂζџо஠ Beryl ፡ᐌ‫؁ޟ‬ᄂҢȄ
20-14 ಑ 20 ണ Beryl 3D Desktop

ყ 20-15 Beryl Settings Manager

 Edgy ๳ᅨ͑‫ുڟ‬В

21.1 Tomboy Ё΢‫ڟ‬ോ਄Ώˎ֎

࢐೻ԩཱིቨ‫๋ޟ‬଄ώ‫ڎ‬ȂШо‫๋ޟ܁‬଄ώ‫ڎ‬ӻΟΙ‫ཱིٲ‬ཎȂџоᓍਢ
Tomboy
஠ད‫ޟڗ‬ᘈυ଄ή‫پ‬ϞѴȂζџоᓍਢୈ‫׽‬ᡐȂձџо๋࣏଄ёΰಗᡝȃఇᡝȃ
ւଶጣȂ१ौ‫࢐ޟ‬Ȋ೻এแԒџоᓍਢ஠ձ‫๋ޟ‬଄ᙽԙ HTML ‫ޟ‬ᔬਰȂζџо‫ޢ‬
௥௃ӟߒᐠΰӟю‫پ‬Ȃ‫࢐ܖ‬௃ᙟ‫߯ޟ‬న၇༘ΣၥਟȄ

ყ 21.1 Tomboy
21-2 ಑ 21 ണ Edgy ཱིቨё‫ޟ‬แԒ

Ԋ၆ПԒ
sudo apt-get install tomboy

21.2 F-Spot Photo Manager ߺᗩ႓୩ുВ

࢐௴Ң༘Σ‫ޟ‬ПԒᆓ౩Ȃζ൷࢐ᇳձџо஠དёΣࣺᛩ‫ޟ‬ყа༘Σ‫پ‬ୈ
F-Spot
ᆓ౩Ȃ࿋ณζџоՌଢ଼୎กձ‫ܚ‬௥ΰў‫ޟ‬ኵ՝჋ᐠȄ༘Σࡣձџо‫ޢ‬௥ӵ F-Spot
ও‫׽‬ყаȂ‫࢐ܖ‬࿋ԙ Show ყаแԒ‫پ‬ҢȂձζџо೩ۡ኿ᡆȂӒᒉᄍȃВᐷа
้้‫ޟ‬഍࢐அҏ‫ޟ‬ђ૖ȄF-Spot кौ࢐оР෈‫پ‬ୈყа‫ޟ‬Ϸ᜸Ȃ೻ኺџо࡞ԁϷ
ᒱ࢐ϧቄਢঐ౰ҡ‫ޟ‬ყȂՄϚҢў౩ོᔬӪȄ೻ኺࣼ‫پ‬ઍ‫࢐ޟ‬ΙএᢍП߯‫ࣺޟ‬ᛩ
ᆓ౩แԒȄ

ყ 21.2 F-Spot