Science Chapter 8 Study Guide

Vocab

Core – The innermost layer of Earth

Crust – The outermost layer of Earth
Igneous Rock – The type of Rock that forms when melted rock from inside Earth cools and hardens
Mantle – A thick layer of rock between Earth’s crust and core
Metamorphic Rock – New rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or
chemicals
Mineral – A solid, nonliving material of specific chemical makeup
Rock Cycle – The continuous series of changes that rocks go through
Rock – A solid material that is made up of one or more materials
Sedimentary Rock – A type of rock that forms when sediment becomes pressed together and hardens
Sediment – Sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and the remains of once-living things
Lava – Molten rock that reaches Earth’s surface, such as when a volcano erupts
Magma – Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
Deposition – The dropping of sediment moved by water, wind, and ice
Erosion – The movement of rock material from one place to another
Weathering – The slow wearing away of rock into smaller pieces

Rock Types

Igneous Rock – Molten rock hardens

Obsidian- Is formed when molten rock cools quickly

Basalt- Makes up much of Earth’s crust beneath the oceans
Granite- Is molten rock that hardens in the crust

Sedimentary Rock – Bits of sand, rocks

Conglomerate- Formed from sediments of different sizes

Limestone- Some limestone forms when the remains of ocean animals become cemented
together
Shale- Formed from thin layers of clay. Shale is smooth and breaks easily into layers

Questions
What is the main cause of erosion? Water
How do metamorphic rocks form? Existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals
When given a diagram of the Earth, list the 4 layers. Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner
Core
Why do earthquakes occur? Sections of the crust come together, move apart, or slide past each other
What causes most mountains to form? Movement of sections of the Earth’s Crust
What kind of rock is obsidian? Igneous Rock
What are some rapid changes to the Earth’s surface? Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Landslides
What are some slow changes to the Earth’s surface? Weathering, Erosion, Deposition
What happens at a fault line? Pressure builds
What happens to the land near a volcanic eruption? Gets completely changed