Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Telecommunication System
Telecommunication System
Telephones
Telephone is telecommunication devices that transmits and receive sound, most commonly the
human voice. The telephone are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function
is to allow two people separated by large distance to talk to each other. It is one most common
appliances in the develop world, and has long be considered indispensable to business, households
and government. There is three type of telephone classification required before installing the phone:
a)Category 1-
-the building must have the height of for story building or more
b) Category 2-
c) Category 3-
Category 1 and 2 were mostly apply for the industrialize building or commercial building that used
more than 1 phone. The 3rd category was main suited for the residential usage. Requirement in
installing for residential area and multi-storey building for the spaces and facilities needed in a
building:
a) Lead-in pipes and the associated pipeline system, if applicable, within the development boundary
line;
(c) TER;
(d) Two cable trays are to be provided between telecommunication riser(s) and MDF room/TER
Telephone conduit
An example of MDF.
To cater for the provision of telecommunication services (e.g. broadband services provided over
fibre-based equipment or BCS), one TER shall be provided in every block of residential apartments,
condominiums and public housing other than the block where the MDF room is located. The room
also need to be air-conditioned and ventilated for safety purposed.
SDF
The definition is similar to TER but is compliances with both MDF and PABX system. The function of
the room:
Above picture show the example of SDF room and the requirement of the room to be air-
conditioned.
• Auto dialing
• Call park
• Call pick-up
• Call transfer
• Call waiting
• Conference call
Telecommunication Riser
The telecommunication riser is a compartment vertically aligned and usually beginning from the first
storey or basement and extending through to the topmost level of a multi-storey building. It is used
to accommodate telecommunication cables from the MDF room or TER to various floors of the
building. For residential buildings, two cable trays/cable ladders or metal trunking are required in the
telecommunication riser to facilitate the installation of cables. Telecommunication riser shafts must
be installed in a direct vertical line throughout the building.
Internet
The internet networking provides the whole building with network connection. It consist of modem
and main power supply to provide the electrical supply to the modem. The main power is almost as
the familiar to the switch board. The device need to place inside an air conditioned room for safety
purposed. The power supply of the modem is connected 24/7 without stopping. The modem is best
to be together with the telecommunication system(telephone) because it is closer to the network
line.
Ducts system
The duct can be used to carry both low-voltage electrical supplies and transmit calls for phones.
These low voltage circuits must be segregated inside the duct. There 3 types of ducts layout which
are:
1) Grid- this method provided adequate facility for telephone. Is used in open-plan offices. A
suitable spacing of the ducts is 1.5-2.5m,but other spacing may be used depending upon the
degree of flexibility required.
2) Branching – this method used a central feeder duct with branches to each window bay. The
branches may either terminate just short of the wall outlets, or extend to wall outlets. The
layouts provides reasonable flexibility for open plan office but is also used for portioned
office with the central feeder duct in corridor.
3) Perimeter- This method is the cheapest among others but does not provided the flexibility
obtained by the other two above layouts. A main feeder duct is located about 450mm from
outside wall with short branches taken from junction boxes to the wall outlets for telephones
and electrical supply.
Example of grid layout
The MENARA provide service room in level : 1,2,3,4,5,20,21,38,39,and 58. The generator
room is in the LG 3 where it has the HV consumer and TNB PMU 33KV/ 11KV system.The
distribution phases in this high building begin in the SDF room where the main cable from the
authority, TELEKOM is being connected straight to the MDF. The whole building
telecommunication system was observed by a group of technician inside the control room.
The control room was been operated by computer for constant updated information and
feedback. Basically for these building they used the branching layout, where the centre
feeder is connected directly to the telecommunication riser room.
Control room
The control room monitor the cctv and lift control and they also receive the emergency call
from the resident in case of trapping in the lift. They also monitor the building in case there
was any floor that caught on fire.
Telecommunication riser
Basically based on the plan the at least 1 telecommunication riser each floor and each wing.
This is easier for the technician to keep track on the MDF and the switch board or the
modem if any problem. The room have to be air-conditioned and ventilated for the safety
purposed.
SDF ROOM
The SDF room that compliance both the electrical and telecommunication wiring. In these room
there also the existing MDF placed. Both of the system were put together in these room for
maintaince purposed. In menara telekom the SDF function where put with the switchroom for the
better acess and maintance purpose.
Substation room
Picture above show the substation for the telephone exhange. (PABX) Because they
incorporate telephones, fax machines, modems and more, the general term “extension" is
used to refer to any end point on the branch. PABXs offer many other calling features and
capabilities .Different manufacturers providing different features in an effort to differentiate
their products. Common capabilities include (manufacturers may have a different name for
each capability):
• Auto dialing
• Call park
• Call pick-up
• Call transfer
• Call waiting
• Conference call
Internet netwoking
Picture above show the modem and the backup supply for the modem. The modem will be
functioning for 24/7 non-stop, the back supply needed if there’s any misfortune happen. The room
have to be conditioned and ventilated to make sure that the device would not heat up rapidly.
Cable tray
The cable tray functioned for the placing of electrical and telecommunication wiring. The purposed
to placed these wiring neatly. The telecommunication and electrical wiring can be place in similar
tray but separated in colour or conduit. The reason was for the identification of wire and its function
of the wiring. The colour of the conduit is orange colour, as for the tray in MENARA TELEKOM the
tray is a metal box, usually is steel because steel cannot be corroded or rust.
MBSA
Control room
SDF ROOM
T he picture above show the SDF room at the ground level of MBSA.
In the MBSA building the placing of telecommunication room is similar to the electrical system room.
This is for the safety and maintenance purposed and the placing and installing this wire need to be
easy in maintained, neatly, durable and flexible.
The telecommunication in the MBSA is in every floor. The location of the telecommunication
riser is near the electrical and the lift for the convenience of the technician and maintenance
purposed. The telecommunication riser is a compartment vertically aligned and usually
beginning from the first storey or basement and extending through to the topmost level of a
multi-storey building. It is used to accommodate telecommunication cables from the MDF
room or TER to various floors of the building. For residential buildings, two cable trays/cable
ladders or metal trunking are required in the telecommunication riser to facilitate the
installation of cables. Telecommunication riser shafts must be installed in a direct vertical line
throughout the building.