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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 1 Functions

Paper 1 4. (a) gf : x → x2 + 6x + 2
gf (x) = x2 + 6x + 2
1. The relation in the given graph can be represented g(x + 4) = x2 + 6x + 2
using the following arrow diagram.
Let x + 4 = u
A B
x=u–4
1 10
2 20 g(u) = (u – 4)2 + 6(u – 4) + 2
3 30 = u2 – 8u + 16 + 6u – 24 + 2
4 40 = u2 – 2u – 6
∴ g(x) = x2 – 2x – 6

Based on the above arrow diagram,

(a) the object of 40 is 3,
[
(b) fg(4) = f 42 – 2(4) – 6 ]
= f(2)
(b) the type of the relation is many-to-many =2+4
relation. =6
2. 5. Let g–1(x) = y
–4
g(y) = x
–3
–2
16 3y + k = x
9 x–k
2 y=
3 4 3
4 1 k
y = x–
3 3
1 k
(a) The above relation is a many-to-one relation. ∴ g–1(x) = x –
3 3
(b) The function which represents the above
relation is f(x) = x2. It is given that g–1(x) = mx –
5
6
3. f 2 (x) = ff (x) Hence, by comparison,
= f (px + q) 1 k 5 5
m = and – = – ⇒ k =
= p (px + q) + q 3 3 6 2
= p2 x + pq + q

It is given that f 2 (x) = 4x + 9

By comparison,
p2 = 4 pq + q =9
p =–2 –2q + q =9
–q =9
q = –9
The question
requires p < 0.

1
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Paper 2 2. (a) Let f –1(x) =y

f(y) =x
hx y
1. (a) f : x → –2 =x
x–3 2
hx y
f(x) = =x+2
x–3 2
y = 2(x + 2)
Let f –1(x) =y y = 2x + 4
f(y) =x ∴ f –1(x) = 2x + 4
hy
=x ∴ f –1(3) = 2(3) + 4 = 10
y–3
hy = x (y – 3) (b) f –1g(x) = f –1[g(x)]
hy = xy – 3x = f –1(3x + k)
3x = xy – hy = 2(3x + k) + 4
3x = y(x – h) = 6x + 2k + 4
3x But it is given that
y=
x–h f –1g : x → 6x – 4
∴ f –1 (x) =
3x f –1g (x) = 6x – 4
x–h
Hence, by comparison,
2k + 4 = –4
kx
But it is given that f –1(x) =, x ≠ 2. 2k = –8
x–2
Hence, by comparison, h = 2 and k = 3. k = –4
(c) hf(x) : x → 9x – 3
(b) [
gf –1(x) = g f –1(x) ] h[f(x)] = 9x – 3
=g
3x
x–2   
x

h – 2 = 9x – 3
2
1 x
= Let –2 =u
3x 2
(
x–2 ) x
=u+2
2
x–2
= x = 2u + 4
3x
gf –1(x) = –5x
h(u) = 9(2u + 4) – 3
x–2
= –5x = 18u + 33
3x
x – 2 = –15x2
2
15x + x – 2 = 0 ∴ h : x → 18x + 33
(3x – 1)(5x + 2) = 0
1 2
x = or –
3 5

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SPM Zoom-In
Form 4: Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations

Paper 1 4. x2 + 2x – 1 + k(2x + k) = 0
x2 + 2x – 1 + 2kx + k2= 0
1. 12x2 – 5x(2x – 1) = 2(3x + 2) x2 + 2x + 2kx + k2 – 1= 0
12x2 – 10x2 + 5x = 6x + 4 x2 + (2 + 2k)x + k2 – 1 = 0
12x – 10x2 + 5x – 6x – 4 = 0
2

2x2 – x – 4 = 0 a = 1, b = 2 + 2k, c = k2 – 1
–b  b2 – 4ac If a quadratic equation has two real and distinct
x=
2a roots, then b2 – 4ac > 0.
–(–1)  (–1)2 – 4(2)(–4) b2 – 4ac > 0
x=
2(2) (2 + 2k) – 4(1)(k2 – 1) > 0
2

1  33 4 + 8k + 4k2 – 4k2 + 4 > 0

x=
4 8k + 8 > 0
x = 1.6861 or –1.1861 8k > –8
k > –1

3 5 
2. Sum of roots = – 2 + – 3 = – 19
15
5. 3(x2 + 4) = 2mx
3x2 + 12 = 2mx
Product of roots = – 2 – 3  = 2
2
3x – 2mx + 12 = 0
3 5 5
a = 3, b = –2m, c = 12
The required quadratic equation is
x2 + 19 x + 2 = 0 If a quadratic equation has equal roots, then
15 5 b2 – 4ac = 0.

x2 – (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0

b2 – 4ac = 0
2
(–2m) – 4(3)(12) = 0
4m2 – 144 = 0
15x2 + 19x + 6 = 0 4m2 = 144
3. 3x2 + 4p + 2x = 0 m2 = 36
3x2 + 2x + 4p = 0 m = ±6
a = 3, b = 2, c = 4p
If a quadratic equation does not have real roots,
then b2 – 4ac < 0.

b2 – 4ac <0
2
2 – 4(3)(4p) <0
4 – 48p <0
–48p < –4
p > –4
–48
p> 1
12

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6. x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 7. x2 – (k + 2)x + 2k = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = –8 a = 1, b = –(k + 2), c = 2k
The roots are p and q. If one of the roots is α, then the other root is 2α.
Sum of roots = – b
a Sum of roots = – b
a
p + q = –2

p + q = –2
1

α + 2α = – –(k + 2)
1 
3α = k + 2
Product of roots = c
a α = k+2 … 1
3
pq = – 8
1 Product of roots = c
a
pq = –8
The new roots are 2p and 2q. 2α2 = 2k
1
Sum of new roots α2 = k … 2
= 2p + 2q
= 2(p + q) Substituting 1 into 2 :
= 2(–2)
 k +3 2 
2
= –4 =k
Product of new roots
= (2p)(2q) (k + 2)2 =k
9
= 4pq
= 4(–8) (k + 2)2 = 9k
= –32 k2 + 4k + 4 = 9k
k2 – 5k + 4 =0
The quadratic equation that has the roots 2p and (k – 1)(k – 4) =0
2q is x2 + 4x – 32 = 0. k = 1 or 4

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Paper 2 From 1 :
When m = 2,
1. (2x – 1)(x + 3) = 2x – 3 – k 6(2) = k – 3
2x2 + 6x – x – 3 = 2x – 3 – k k = 12 + 3
2x2 + 3x + k = 0 k = 15
a = 2, b = 3, c = k
The roots are –2 and p. 3. (a) 2x2 + px + q = 0
a = 2, b = p, c = q
Sum of roots = – b
a The roots are – 3 and 2.
2
–2 + p = – 3
2
Sum of roots = – b
–p = – 3 + 2 a
2
p
p = 1 –3 +2 =–
2 2 2
1 =– p
Product of roots = c 2 2
a
p = –1
–2p = k
2 Product of roots = c
a
 
–2 1 = k
2 2
– 3 2=
q
k = –2 2 2
q = –6
2. 2x2 + (3 – k)x + 8m = 0
a = 2, b = 3 – k, c = 8m (b) 2x2 – x – 6 = k
2
2x – x – 6 – k = 0
The roots are m and 2m.
a = 2, b = –1, c = –6 – k
Sum of roots = – b If the quadratic equation does not have real
a
roots, then b2 – 4ac < 0.
m + 2m = – 3 – k
2 When b2 – 4ac < 0,
2
(–1) – 4(2)(–6 – k) <0
6m = k – 3 … 1
1 + 48 + 8k <0
8k < –49
Product of roots = c 49
a k <–
8
m(2m) = 8m 1
2 k < –6
2m2 = 4m 8
m2 = 2m
2
m – 2m = 0
m(m – 2) = 0
m = 0 or 2
m = 0 is not accepted.
∴m =2

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 3 Quadratic Functions

Paper 1

1. f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 6
= 2(x2 + 4x + 3) p
–1 5

    + 3]
4 2 2
4
[
= 2 x2 + 4x +
2
–
2 Hence, the required range of values of p is
= 2(x2 + 4x + 22 – 22 + 3) p < –1 or p > 5.
= 2[(x + 2)2 – 1]
= 2(x + 2)2 – 2 5. 3x2 + hx + 27 = 0
∴ a = 2, p = 2, q = –2 a = 3, b = h, c = 27

2. From f(x) = – (x – 4)2 + h, we can state that the If a quadratic equation does not have real roots,
coordinates of the maximum point are (4, h). But it b2 – 4ac < 0
2
is given that the coordinates of the maximum point h – 4(3) (27) < 0
are (k, 9). Hence, by comparison, h2 – 324 < 0
(a) k = 4 (h + 18)(h – 18) < 0
(b) h = 9
(c) The equation of the tangent to the curve at its
maximum point is y = 9.
h
–18 18
3. (a) y = (x + m)2 + n
The axis of symmetry is x = –m.
But it is given that the axis of symmetry is Hence, the required range of values of h is
x = 1. –18 < h < 18.
∴ m = –1
6. g(x) = (2 – 3k)x2 + (4 – k)x + 2
When m = –1, y = (x – 1)2 + n a = 2 – 3k, b = 4 – k, c = 2
Since the y-intercept is 3, the point is (0, 3).
∴ 3 = (0 – 1)2 + n If a quadratic curve intersects the x-axis at two
n =2 distinct points, then
b2 – 4ac > 0
2
(b) When m = –1 and n = 2, (4 – k) – 4(2 – 3k)(2) > 0
y = (x – 1)2 + 2 16 – 8k + k2 – 16 + 24k > 0
Hence, the minimum point is (1, 2). k2 + 16k > 0
k(k + 16) > 0
4. (2 + p)(6 – p) < 7
12 + 4p – p2 – 7 < 0
–p2 + 4p + 5 < 0
p2 – 4p – 5 > 0 –16 0 k
(p + 1)(p – 5) > 0
Hence, the required range of values of k is
k < –16 or k > 0.

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Paper 2 (b) g(x) = –2x2 + 8x – 12 = –2(x – 2)2 – 4

 2  5 = 4
2
(a) f(x) = 2x2 + 10x + k 1 25 The maximum point is (2, –4).
When x = 0, y = –12 ∴ (0, –12)

= 2 x2 + 5x +
k
2  The graph of the function g(x) is as shown

 
25 25 k below.
= 2 x2 + 5x + – +
4 4 2
y
=2 x+[ 5 2 25
2
– 4
+
k
2 ] O (2, –4) x

 
5 2 25
=2 x+ – +k
2 2

(b) (i) Minimum value = 32

25 –12
– + k = 32
2
89
k =
2 3. y = h – 2x… 1
y2 + xy + 8 = 0 … 2
(ii) b2 – 4ac <0
2
10 – 4(2)(k) <0 Substituting 1 into 2 :
100 – 8k <0 (h – 2x)2 + x(h – 2x) + 8 = 0
– 8k < –100 h2 – 4hx + 4x2 + hx – 2x2 + 8 = 0
–100 2x2 – 3hx + h2 + 8 = 0
k>
–8
25 a = 2, b = –3h, c = h2 + 8
k >
2
If a straight line does not meet a curve, then
(c) Minimum point is –2  1
2 
, 32 . b2 – 4ac < 0
(–3h) – 4(2) (h2 + 8) < 0
2

9h2 –8h2 – 64 < 0

2. (a) g(x) = –2x2 + px – 12 = –2(x + q)2 – 4 h2 – 64 < 0
–2x2 + px – 12 = –2(x2 + 2qx + q2) – 4 (h + 8)(h – 8) < 0
= –2x2 – 4qx – 2q2 – 4

By comparison, –8 8 h
p = – 4q … 1 and –12 = –2q2 – 4
–2q2 = –8
q2 =4 Hence, the required range of values of h is
q = ±2 –8 < h < 8.

From 1 :
When q = 2, p = –4(2) = –8 (Not accepted)
When q = –2, p = –4(–2) = 8 (Accepted)
because p > 0 and q < 0)

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 4 Simultaneous Equations

Paper 2 From 3 ,
When x = 0.70156, y = 2 – 4(0.70156)
1. 2x – 3y = 2 … 1
= –0.80624
x2 – xy + y2 = 4 … 2
When x = –5.70156, y = 2 – 4(–5.70156)
From 1: = 24.80624
2 + 3y Hence, the solutions are
x= … 3
2 x = 0.70156, y = –0.80624 or
Substituting 3 into 2 : x = –5.70156, y = 24.80624 (correct to five
decimal places).
 2 +23y  – y 2 +23y  + y – 4 = 0
2
2

3. (a) Since (16, m) is a point of intersection of

(2 + 3y)2 – y(2 + 3y) + y2 – 4 =0 1
4 2 y = x – 2 and y2 + ky – x – 4 = 0, then
4
(2 + 3y)2 – 2y(2 + 3y) + 4y2 – 16 =0
x = 16 and y = m satisfy both the equations.
4 + 12y + 9y2 – 4y – 6y2 + 4y2 – 16 =0
7y2 + 8y – 12 =0 Therefore,
(7y – 6)(y + 2) =0 1
m = (16) – 2 = 2 and
6 4
y= or –2
7 m2 + km – 16 – 4 =0
22 + k(2) – 16 – 4 =0
From 3 :
2k = 16

6
When y = , x =
2+3 ( 76 ) = 16 k =8

7 2 7 (b) When k = 8,
1 1
2 + 3(–2) y= x–2…
When y = –2, x = = –2 4
2
y2 + 8y – x – 4 = 0 … 2
2 6
Hence, the points of intersection are 2 ,
7 7   From 1 :
and (–2, –2).
4y = x – 8
x = 4y + 8 … 3
2. 4x + y = 2 … 1
x2 + x – y = 2 … 2 Substituting 3 into 2 ,
y2 + 8y – (4y + 8) – 4 =0
From 1 : y = 2 – 4x… 3 y2 + 8y – 4y – 8 – 4 =0
y2 + 4y – 12 =0
Substituting 3 into 2 , (y – 2)(y + 6) =0
x2 + x – (2 – 4x) = 2 y = 2 or –6
x2 + 5x – 4 = 0 From 3 :
x = –5 ± 52
– 4(1)(–4) When y = 2, x = 4(2) + 8 = 16
2(1) When y = –6, x = 4(–6) + 8 = –16

= –5 ± 41 Hence, the other point of intersection,

2 other than (16, 2), is (–16, –6).
= 0.70156 or –5.70156

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 5 Indices and Logarithms

Paper 1 4. 5x = 32x – 1
lg 5x = lg 32x –1
1. 2 x + 3 + 2x + 16 (2x – 1) x lg 5 = (2x – 1) lg 3
= 2x.23 + 2x + 16
2x
2   x lg 5
x lg 5 – 2x lg 3
= 2x lg 3 – lg 3
= – lg 3
= 8(2x) + 2x + 8(2x) x(lg 5 – 2lg 3) = –lg 3
= (8 + 1 + 8)( 2x) –lg 3
= 17(2x) x =
lg 5 – 2 lg 3
x = 1.87
2. 3x + 3 – 3x + 2 =6
3 (33) – 3x (32)
x
=6 5. log10 (p + 3) = 1 + log10 p
27(3x) – 9(3x) =6 log10 (p + 3) – log10 p =1
(27 – 9)(3x) =6
18(3x) =6 
log10 p + 3
p  =1
3x = 6 p+3
18 = 101
p
3x = 1 p+3 = 10p
3 9p =3
3x = 3–1 1
x = –1 p =
3

3. m = 3a n = 3b 6. log2 y – log8 x =1
log3 m = a log3 n = b log2 x
log2 y – =1
log2 8
log3 
mn4
27  log2 y –
log2 x
=1
3 log2 8 = log2 23 = 3
= log3 m + log3 n4 – log3 27
= log3 m + 4 log3 n – log3 33 3 log2 y – log2 x =3
= a + 4b – 3 log2 y3 – log2 x =3
log2   =3
y3
x
y3
= 23
x
y3 = 8x
y3
x =
8

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 6 Coordinate Geometry

Paper 1 Hence, the area of ∆PQR

1 4 0 2 4
1. Let point A be (0, k). =
2 0 –3 5 0
AB = 10 1
= |–12 – (–6 + 20)|
(0 – 8) + (k – 7)2 = 10
2
2
64 + k2 – 14k + 49 = 102
= 1 |–26|
k2 – 14k + 13 = 0 2
(k – 1)(k – 13) = 0
= 1  26
k = 1 or 13 2
Based on the diagram, k < 7. = 13 units2
∴k=1
∴ A(0, 1) 4. (a) 2y = 3x – 12
At point L (on the x-axis), y = 0
2. (a) x + 2y + 6 = 0 2(0) = 3x – 12
x + 2y = –6 x =4
x 2y –6 ∴ L (4, 0)
+ =
(–6) (–6) –6 Intercept form: At point N (on the y-axis), x = 0.
x y x y
+ =1 2y = 3(0) – 12
+ =1 a b
(–6) (–3) y = –6
∴ N (0, –6)

 
(b) mMN = – –3 = – 1
–6 2 m = – y-intercept 2  2 
∴ M = 4 + 0 , 0 + (–6) = (2, –3)
x-intercept

(b) mLN = –6 – 0 = 3
Therefore, the gradient of the perpendicular 0–4 2
line is 2.
∴ Gradient of perpendicular line = – 2
Hence, the equation of the straight line which 3
passes through the point N and is Hence, the equation of the perpendicular
perpendicular to the straight line MN is line is
y = 2x – 3. y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y
3. x – = 1 y – (–3) = – 2 (x – 2)
4 3 3
At point P (on the x-axis), y = 0. 3(y + 3) = –2(x – 2)
x – 0 =1⇒x=4 3y + 9 = –2x + 4
4 3 3y = –2x – 5
∴ P is point (4, 0).
5. PA = PB
At point Q (on the y-axis), x = 0. (x – 1)2+ (y – 2)2 = (x – 0)2 + (y – 3)2
0 – y = 1 ⇒ y = –3 (x – 1) + (y – 2)2
2
= (x – 0)2 + (y – 3)2
4 3 x – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4
2
= x2 + y2 – 6y + 9
∴ Q is point (0, –3). –2x – 4y + 5 = –6y + 9
–2x + 2y – 4 =0
–x + y – 2 =0
y =x+2

10

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Paper 2 (c) A(–18, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, –6), D(–20, –6)
Area of ABCD
1. (a) y – 3x + 6 = 0 1 –18 2 0 –20 –18
At point B (x-axis), y = 0. =
2 0 0 –6 –6 0
0 – 3x + 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 1
∴ B is point (2, 0). = |–12 – (120 + 108)|
2
y – 3x + 6 = 0 = 1  240
At point C (y-axis), x = 0. 2
y – 3(0) + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = –6 = 120 units2
∴ C is point (0, –6).
y = 3x – 6 2. (a) (i) y – 3x + 6 = 0
mBC = 3 At point P (on the y-axis), x = 0.
y – 3(0) + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = –6
∴mAC = – 1 ∴ P is point (0, –6).
3
(ii) The coordinates of point S are
Let A(k, 0).  3+4 3+4 
4(0) + 3(7) , 4(–6) + 3(15) = (3, 3)

∴ mAC = – 1
3
(b) Area of ∆QRS = 48 units2
0 – (–6) = – 1
1 k 7 3 k = 48
k–0 3
2 0 15 3 0
–k = 18
15k + 21 – (45 + 3k) = 96
k = –18
12k – 24 = 96
∴ A is point (–18, 0).
12k = 120
(b) Let D (p, q). k = 10
Midpoint of BD = Midpoint of AC
(c) S(3, 3), Q(10, 0), T(x, y)
 2 2  
2 + p , 0 + q = –18 + 0 , 0 + (–6)
2 2  TS : TQ = 2 : 3
TS = 2
 2 +2 p , q2  = (–9, –3) TQ 3
3TS = 2TQ
Equating the x-coordinates, 9(TS)2 = 4(TQ)2
2 + p = –9 9[(x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2] = 4[(x – 10)2 + (y – 0)2]
2 9(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 6y + 9) =
4(x2 – 20x + 100 + y2)
p = –20 2 2
9x – 54x + 81 + 9y – 54y + 81 =
Equating the y-coordinates, 4x2 – 80x + 400 + 4y2
2 2
q = –3 5x + 26x + 5y – 54y – 238 = 0
2
q = –6
∴ D is point (–20, –6).

11

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 7 Statistics

Paper 1
∑fx 2 ∑fx


2

␴2 = –
1. After the given score are arranged in ∑f ∑f
ascending order, we have


2
10 132 318
= –
6 6 6 k k 9 10 10
Since the mode is 6, then k ≠ 9. = 1.96

For 7 to be the median, k = 8, as shown below. 4. Number 1 k 6 k + 3 11 13

6 6 6 8 8 9
Frequency 2 2 1 3 1 1
(a) 1 < k < 6 6 < k + 3 < 11
Median = 7
k = 2, 3, 4, 5 3<k<8
After two new scores, 7 and 10, are added to the k = 4, 5, 6, 7
original scores, the mean of the eight scores Taking into consideration both cases,
= 6 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 7 + 10 k = 4 or 5
8
= 7.5 (b) 1, 1, 4, 4, 6, 7, 7, 7, 11, 13

∑x
2. (a) x– = M Q3
n ∴ Q3 = 7
27 = 189
n Paper 2
n= 189
27 1. Cumulative
n =7 Mass (kg) Frequency
frequency
1.1 – 2.0 5 5
(b) ∑x 2 _
␴= —— – ( x )2 2.1 – 3.0 9 14
n
3.1 – 4.0 12 26
5278 4.1 – 5.0 8 34
= ——— – 27 2
7 5.1 – 6.0 6 40
= 25
(a) Frequency
= 5
12

3. x f fx fx2 10

30 3 90 2700 8
32 5 160 5120
6
34 2 68 2312
Sum 10 318 10 132 4

0 1.05 2.05 3.05 4.05 5.05 6.05

3.5 (Mode) Mass (kg)

Mode = 3.5 kg

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(b) The Q1 class is given by (a) Median = 46.5

 
n –F
T 40 = T 10 = 2.1 – 3.0 2
4 L+ c = 46.5
40 – 5 fm
Q1 = 2.05 +  4

 
(1) = 2.61 kg 26 + k– –11
9 2
39.5 + (10) = 46.5
k
The Q3 class is given by

 
26 + k– –11
T 3 (40) = T 30 = 4.1 – 5.0 2 (10) = 7
4 k

 
3
(40) – 26 26 + k – 11 = 0.7k
Q3 = 4.05 + 4 (1) = 4.55 kg
8 2
26 + k – 22 = 1.4k
Hence, the interquartile range 0.4k = 4
= Q3 – Q1 = 4.55 – 2.61 = 1.94 kg
k = 10
(c) New interquartile range
= Original interquartile range (b)
= 1.94 kg Mid-
Marks f fx fx2
point (x)
2. Cumulative
Marks f 20 – 29 4 24.5 98.0 2401.00
frequency
30 – 39 7 34.5 241.5 8331.75
20 – 29 4 4
40 – 49 10 44.5 445.0 19802.50
30 – 39 7 11
50 – 59 8 54.5 436.0 23762.00
40 – 49 k 11 + k
60 – 69 5 64.5 322.5 20801.25
50 – 59 8 19 + k
70 – 79 2 74.5 149.0 11100.50
60 – 69 5 24 + k
36 1692 86199
70 – 79 2 26 + k
∑fx 2


∑fx 2

Variance = –
∑f ∑f



2
86 199 1692
= –
36 36
= 185.42

(c) (i) New median = Original median + 10

= 46.5 + 10
= 56.5

(ii) New variance = Original variance

= 185.42

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 8 Circular Measure

Paper 1
2. ∠BOC = 20º = 20  3.142 rad
 
180
1. B C 15.36
OB = = 44 cm
π – 1.8
(
20  3.142
180 )
0.9 rad 0.9 rad s
A D r=
8 cm O 8 cm θ
∠BOC = π – ∠AOB – ∠COD
3. Area of the shaded region
= 3.142 – 0.9 – 0.9
= Area of sector OAB – Area of sector OXY
= 1.342 rad.
= 1  82  1.2 – 1  5  4
Area of sector BOC 2 2



= 1  82  1.342
2 1 2 1
rθ rs
= 42.94 2 2

= 38.4 – 10
= 28.4 cm2

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Paper 2 (c) Perimeter of the shaded region

1. = 2r sin θ + rθ
C 2


= 2(10) sin 1.982  + 10(1.982)
r

2
6 cm
= 16.73 + 19.82
8 cm M 8 cm
= 36.55 cm
A B
(r – 6) cm 3. D
r cm
O 4c
m

(a) MO = r – 6
C
In ∆OMB, using Pythagoras’ theorem, 4c
MO2 + MB2 = OB2 m
3 cm
(r – 6)2 + 82 = r2
1 1 A O B
MB = AB =  16 = 8 cm
2 2 5 cm 5 cm

(a) Since ∆ADB is inscribed in a semicircle,

r2 – 12r + 36 + 64 – r2 = 0
it is a right-angled triangle.
–12r + 100 = 0
r =8 1 In ∆ADB,
3
cos ∠ABD = 8
(b) In ∆BOM, 10
∠ABD = 0.6435 rad
8
sin ∠BOM =
81 (b) ∠AOD = 2  ∠ABD
3 = 2  0.6435 The angle at the centre
= 1.2870 rad is twice the angle at
sin ∠BOM = 24 circumference.
25
∠BOM = 1.287 rad. ∴ Length of the arc AD
∴ ∠AOB = 2  1.287 = 2.574 rad. = 5  1.2870
= 6.435 cm
(c) Area of the shaded region
(c) Area of ∆ODB
=1  81   
2
2.574 – sin 2.574r
2 3 = 1 83
= 70.71 cm2 2
= 12 cm2

2. (a) ∠BOA = π – 0.822 = 1.160 rad. Area of sector BOC

2
∴ ∠BOQ = π – 1.160 = 1.982 rad. = 1  52  0.6435
2
(b) Area of the shaded region = 8.04375 cm2
= 1 r 2 (θ – sin θ) Hence, the area of the shaded region
2
= Area of ∆ODB – Area of sector BOC
= 1 (10)2 (1.982 – sin 1.982 r ) = 12 – 8.04375
2
= 53.27 cm2 = 3.956 cm2

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 9 Differentiation

Paper 1 4. z = xy
z = x(30 – x)
1 z = 30x – x2
1. f (x) = = (5x – k)–2
(5x – k)2 dz = 30 – 2x
f ′(x) = –2(5x – k)–3 (5) dx
= –10 3
(5x – k) When z has a stationary value,
dz = 0
f ′(1) = 10 dx
–10 30 – 2x = 0
= 10
[5(1) – k]3 x = 15
(5 – k)3 = –1
d 2z = –2 (negative)
5–k =–1 dx2
k =6
Hence, the maximum value of z
2. y = (x + 1) (2x – 1)2 = 30(15) – 152
= 225
[ ]
dy = (x + 1) 2 (2x – 1)1 (2) + (2x – 1)2 (1)
dx
= (2x – 1)[4(x + 1) + (2x – 1)] 5. y= 1 = (2x – 5)–3
= (2x – 1)(6x + 3) (2x – 5)3
dy = –3 (2x – 5)–4 (2) = – 6
3. 3
y = 2x – 4x + 5 dx (2x – 5)4
dy = 6x2 – 4 δy ≈ dy
dx δx dx
Gradient at the point (–1, 7) δy ≈ dy  δy
dx
= 6 (–1)2 – 4
=2 = – 6 4  (3.01 – 3)
(2x – 5)
Equation of the tangent is = –6  0.01
[2(3) – 5]4
y – 7 = 2[x – (–1)]
= – 0.06
y – 7 = 2(x + 1)
y – 7 = 2x + 2
6. A = 2πr 2 + 2πrh
y = 2x + 9
= 2πr 2 + 2πr(3r)
= 8πr 2

dA = dA  dr
dt dr dt
= 16πr  0.1
= 16π (5)  0.1
= 8π cm2 s–1

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Paper 2 (b) When p = –3 and k = 4,

y = –3x3 + 4x
1. y = 12 – 13 = x–2 – x–3 dy = –9x 2 + 4
x x dx
dy = –2x – 3 + 3x – 4 = – 2 + 3 d 2 y = –18x
dx x3 x4 dx2
d y = 6x– 4 – 12x– 5 = 6 – 12
2

dx2 x4 x5 At turning points,

dy = 0
 
x4 dy + d y2 + x 2y + 5 = 0
2

dx dx dx
–9x2 + 4 = 0
x  – 2 + 3 + 6 – 12  +
4
x 3
x x 4
x 4 5
x2 = 4
9
x2  x1 – x1  + 5 = 0
2 3 x =± 2
3
–2x + 3 + 6 – 12 + 1 – 1 + 5 = 0
x x
When x = 2 ,
–2x + 15 – 13 = 0 3
x
  + 4 23  = 1 79
3
2
–2x + 15x – 13 = 0 y = –3 2
3
2x2 – 15x + 13 = 0
 3
d y = – 18 2 = –12 (< 0)
2
(2x – 13)(x – 1) = 0
2
dx
x = 13 or 1
∴  2 , 1 7  is a turning point which is
2
3 9
2. (a) y = px3 + kx
a maximum.
dy = 3px2 + k
dx
When x = – 2 ,
3
At (1, 1), x = 1 and m = dy = –5.
  + 4– 23  = –1 79
3
dx y = –3 – 2
3
∴ 3px2 + k = –5
 3
d y = –18 – 2 = 12 (> 0)
2
3p(1)2 + k = –5 2
3p + k = –5 … 1 dx
∴  – 2 , –1 7  is a turning point which is
The curve passes through point (1, 1). 3 9
∴ 1 = p(1)3 + k(1) a minimum.
p+k=1… 2

1 – 2 : 2p = –6 ⇒ p = –3
From 2 : –3 + k = 1 ⇒ k = 4

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3. V (b) L = 96x2 + 3888 = 96x2 + 3888x–1

x
4x m
5x m dL = 192x – 3888x–2 = 192x – 3888
E H dx x2

3x m y m At stationary point,
F G
dL = 0
D C
dx
6x m 3888
192x – =0
A 6x m B x2
(a) Volume of the cuboid = 5832 cm3 192 x = 3888
(6x)(6x)(y) = 5832 x2
36x2y = 5832 x 3 = 3888
x2y = 162 192
y = 162 x 3 = 20.25
x2
x = 2.73
L = Area of ABCD + 4 (Area of GBCH)
+ 4 (Area of VGH) d 2L = 192 + 7776x–3 = 192 + 7776 (> 0)
dx 2 x3
L = (6x)2 + 4(6xy) + 4  1 (6x)(5x) ∴ L is a minimum.
2
L = 36x2 + 24xy + 60x2
L = 96x2 + 24xy h
4. y= = h(1 + 2x)–2
L = 96x2 + 24x 162  
x2
(1 + 2x)2
dy = –2h(1 + 2x)–3 (2) = – 4h
L = 96x2 + 3888 (shown) dx (1 + 2x)3
x
δy = dy  δx
dx
– 8c = – 4h 3  c
3 (1 + 2x)
– 8c =– 4h c
3 [1 + 2(1)]3
– 8c = – 4hc
3 27
h = 8  27
3 4
h = 18

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 10 Solution of Triangles

Paper 2 2. (a) In ∆PQS, using the sine rule,

sin ∠QSP = sin 35º
1. (a) ∠UST = 180º – 65º = 115º 8 7
∠SUT = 180º – 43º – 115º = 22º
sin ∠QSP = sin 35º  8
7
In ∆UST, using the sine rule, sin ∠QSP = 0.65552
US = 9 ∠QSP = 40.96º
sin 43º sin 22º
∴ ∠PQS = 180º – 35º – 40.96º
US = 9  sin 43º = 104.04º
sin 22º
= 16.385 cm Hence, the area of ∆PQS
U = 1  8  7  sin 104.04º
2
22° = 27.16 cm2

(b) This problem involves the ambiguous case of

16

sine rule. The sketch of ∆QRS1 is as shown

.3
85

below.
cm

115° Q
65° 43°
R 7 cm S 9 cm T

10 cm
(b) In ∆USR, using the cosine rule, 7 cm 7 cm
UR2 = 72 + 16.3852 – 2(7)(16.385)cos 65º
UR2 = 220.5238 43°
UR = 14.85 cm R S1 S

In ∆QRS, using the sine rule,

(c) Area of ∆RSV = 41.36 cm2
1  7  12  sin ∠RSV sin ∠QSR = sin 43º
= 41.36 10 7
2
sin ∠RSV = 0.98476 sin ∠QSR = sin 43º  10
Basic ∠ = 79.98º 7
∠RSV = 180º– 79.98º sin ∠QSR = 0.974283
= 100.02º
Basic ∠ = 76.98º
R 7 cm S ∴ ∠QSR = 76.98º or ∠QS1R = 103.02º
100.02°
In ∆QS1R,
12 cm ∠RQS1 = 180º – 43º – 103.02º = 33.98º

In ∆QS1R, using the sine rule,

RS1 10
=
sin ∠RQS1 sin ∠RS1Q
V RS1 10
=
In ∆RSV, using the cosine rule, sin 33.98º sin 103.02º
RV 2 = 72 + 122 – 2(7)(12)cos 100.02º 10
RS1 =  sin 33.98º
RV 2 = 222.23064 sin 103.02º
RV = 14.91 cm = 5.737 cm

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 11 Index Numbers

Paper 2 (a) Supplement A

I2004 (based on 2002) = 115
1. (a) x  100 = 120
P2004
400 P2004
 100 = 115
 100
P2002
x = 480 I= P
2002
69
 100 = 115
P2002
y = 525  100 = 105
P2002 = 69  100
500
660  100 = 110 115
z P2002 = RM60.00
z = 600
(b) Supplement B
– I2006 (based on 2002)
(b) I = 115
P
(120  20) + 130m + (105  80) + (110  40) = 115 = 2006  100
P2002
20 + m + 80 + 40
P P
15 200 + 130m = 115 = 2006  2004  100
P2004 P2002
140 + m
15 200 + 130m = 16 100 + 115m = 130  120  100
100 100
15m = 900 = 156
m = 60
–
– (c) I 2004 (based on 2002) = 111
(c) I 2006 (based on 2002)
(115  3) + (120  2) + 105x = 111
–
= 100 + 25  I 2004 3+2+x
100 585 + 105x = 111
= 125  115 5+x
100 585 + 105x = 555 + 111x
= 143.75 30 = 6x
x =5
–
(d) Total yearly cost in 2006 (d) I 2006 (based on 2004)
= 143.75  5 500 000 = (150  3) + (130  2) + (120  5)
100 3+2+5
= RM7 906 250
= 1310
10
2. = 131
Health I2004 (based I2006 (based P
Weightage Thus, 2006  100 = 131
supplement on 2002) on 2004) P2004
P2006
A 115 150 3  100 = 131
300
B 120 130 2
P2006 = 131  300
C 105 120 x 100
P2006 = RM393

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 1 Progressions

Paper 1 4. T3 – T2 = 3
ar 2 – ar = 3
1. (a) T6 = 38 4r 2 – 4r = 3
2
a + 5d = 38 4r – 4r – 3 = 0
a + 5(7) = 38 (2r + 1)(2r – 3) = 0
a =3
r = – 1 or 3
2 2
(b) S9 – S3
5. 0.242424 …
= 9 [2(3) + 8(7)] – 3 [2(3) + 2(7)]
2 2 = 0.24 + 0.0024 + 0.000024 + …
= 279 – 30
= 0.24 a
= 249 1 – 0.01 S∞ =
1–r
= 0.24
2. (a) T2 – T1 = T3 – T2 0.99
2h – 1 – (h – 2) = 4h – 7 – (2h – 1)
= 24
h+1 = 2h – 6 99
h =7
= 8
33
(b) When h = 7, the arithmetic progression is 5,
13, 21, … with a = 5 and d = 8. 6. The numbers of bacteria form a geometric
progression 3, 6, 12, …
S8 – S3
The number of bacteria after 50 seconds
= 8 [2(5) + 7(8)] – 3 [2(5) + 2(8)]
2 2 = T11 = ar10 = 3(210) = 3072
= 264 – 39
= 225 Paper 2

T2 T3 1. (a) The volumes of cylinders are

3. =
T1 T2 πr 2h, πr 2 (h + 1), πr 2 (h + 2), …
x+2 = x–4 T2 – T1 = πr 2 (h + 1) – πr 2h
9x + 4 x+2
= πr 2h + πr 2 – πr 2h
(x = πr2
= (x – 4)(9x + 4)
x2 + 4x + 4 = 9x2 – 32x – 16
2
T3 – T2 = πr 2 (h + 2) – πr 2 (h + 1)
8x – 36x – 20 = 0 = πr 2h + 2πr 2 – πr 2h – πr 2
2x2 – 9x – 5 = 0 = πr2
(2x + 1)(x – 5) = 0
Since T2 – T1 = T3 – T2 = πr 2, the
x = – 1 or 5
2 volumes of cylinders form an arithmetic
progression with a common difference of πr2.

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(b) a = πr 2h, d = πr 2 2. (a) S2 = 150

T1 + T2 = 150
T4 = 32π a + ar = 150
a + 3d = 32π a (1 + r) = 150 … 1
πr 2h + 3πr 2 = 32π
r 2h + 3r 2 = 32 T3 – T2 = 45
r 2 (h + 3) = 32 … 1
ar 2 – ar = 45
ar (r – 1) = 45 … 2
S4 = 104π
4 (2a + 3d) = 104π
2 1 : a (1 + r) = 150
4a + 6d = 104π 2 ar (r – 1) 45
4πr 2h + 6πr 2 = 104π 1 + r = 10
2r 2h + 3r 2 = 52 r (r – 1) 3
r 2 (2h + 3) = 52 … 2
3 + 3r = 10r2 – 10r
2
10r – 13r – 3 = 0
: r 2(2h + 3) = 52
2
2
1 r (h + 3) 32 (2r – 3)(5r + 1) = 0
2h + 3 = 13 r = 3 or – 1
h+3 8 2 5
16h + 24 = 13h + 39
3h = 15 (b) For the sum to infinity to exist, – 1 < r < 1.
h =5 Thus, r = 3 is not accepted.
2
From 1 : Therefore, r = – 1
r 2 (5 + 3) = 32 5
r2 =4 From : 1
r =2
a 1– 
1
5
= 150 
a = 187 1
2
1
187
a 2
∴ S∞ = = = 156 1
 
1–r 1– –1 4
5

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 2 Linear Law

Paper 1 Paper 2

1. y = 2 + qx 1. (a) y = hxk
x
y = 2 +q log10 y = log10 (hxk)
x x2 1
y =2( 1 )+q log10 y 2 = log10 h + log10 xk
x x2 1 log y = log h + klog x
2 10 10 10

1 y
log10 y = 2log10 h + 2klog10 x
x2 x

log10 y = 2k log10 x + 2 log10 h

(1, 5) 5 = 2(1) + q
q=3
(b)
q=3
1 y x 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
x2 x
p = 2(3) + 3 y 142 338 660 1348 1995
p=9
(3, p) log 10 x 0.18 0.30 0.40 0.48 0.54
log 10 y 2.15 2.53 2.82 3.13 3.30
2. y
x =p The graph of log10 y against log10 x is as
k shown below.
y
lg x = lg p
k log10 y Graph of log10 y against log10 x
x
lg y – lg k = lg p 3.5

lg y – x lg k = lg p
3.0
lg y = x lg k + lg p
∴ Y = lg y, X = x, m = lg k, c = lg p 2.5 3.35 – 1.75
= 1.6

2.0
3. y – ax = b2
2

x x 1.55 1.5 0.55 – 0.06 = 0.49

2 3
xy – ax = b
xy2 = ax3 + b 1.0

(–1, 10): 10 = a(–1) + b … 1 0.5

(5, –2): –2 = a(5) + b … 2

O 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 log10 x

x3 xy2

1 – 2 : 12 = –6a
a = –2

From 2 : –2 = –2(5) + b
b =8

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(c) 2k = Gradient (b) (i) 1 x+p

=
2k = 3.35 – 1.75 y q
0.55 – 0.06
2k = 3.2653 1 = x+p Squaring both sides.
k = 1.63 y2 q
1 = 1x+ p
2 log10 h = Y–intercept y2 q q
2 log10 h = 1.55
log10 h = 0.775 Gradient = 4.6 – 2
h = 5.96 0.6 – 0.16
1 = 5.91
2. (a) q
q = 0.17
x 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8
y 0.78 0.60 0.54 0.50 0.44 0.42 Y-intercept = 1.1
1 p = 1.1
1.64 2.78 3.43 4.00 5.17 5.67 q
y2
p = 1.1
1
0.17
1 p = 0.19
y2 Graph of against x
y2
5.5
(ii) When x = 0.6, from the graph,
5.0
1 = 4.6
4.6 4.5 y2
y2 = 0.2174
4.0 y = 0.47

3.5

3.0 4.6 – 2 = 2.6

2.5

2.0
0.6 – 0.16 = 0.44

1.5

1.1 1.0

0.5

O 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 x

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 3 Integration

Paper 1 4. Area of the shaded region

2
k = y dx
1. 5
(y – 5) dy = 8 –1
2
k
= (x2 – 2x + 1) dx
[ y2 –5y = 8
2 5
] –1
2
= [ x3 – x + x]
3
2

 
2 2
k – 5k – 5 – 5(5) = 8 –1
2 2
k – 5k + 25 = 8
2 = 8 – 4 + 2 – – 1 –1 – 1
3 3  
2 2 = 3 units2
k2 – 10k + 25
= 16 Paper 2
k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
(k – 1)(k – 9) = 0 1. y
k = 1 or 9
y = –x3 – x
2 4
2. –1
3g (x) dx + 2
3g (x) dx
2 4
=3 [ –1
g(x) dx + 2
g(x) dx ] x
1O 2
4
= 3[ –1
g(x) dx ] P Q
= 3(20)
= 60

3. dy = x4 – 8x3 + 6x2 Area P

dx 0
y dx
 
 –1
4 3 2
y= x – 8x + 6x dx 0
= (–x3 –x) dx
   +c
5 4 3 –1
y = x –8 x +6 x 0
5
5
4 3
4
[
4
= – x – x
2

2 –1
]
y = x – 2x + 2x + c
4 3
5 =0– – (–1)
4
4
[– (–1)
2
2
]
Since the curve passes through the point = 1 + 1
4 2
1, – 1 45 , = 3
4

– 9 = 1 –2 + 2 + c Area Q
5 5 2
c = –2 0
y dx
2
Hence, the equation of the curve is = 0
(–x3 – x) dx
5
y = x – 2x4 + 2x3 – 2. 2

5 [ 4
= – x – x
4
2

2 0
]
4 2
=– 2 – 2 –0
4 2
= –4 – 2
= –6

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Hence, the total area of the shaded region (b) When h = 1 and k = 4, y = x2 + 4
= Area P + |Area Q|
y
= 3 + |–6|
4 y = x2 + 4

= 6 3 units2 P
4

2. (a) y = hx2 + k
dy = 2hx x =3
dx
4
At the point (–2, 8), the gradient of the
curve is – 4.
x
∴ dy = – 4 O 2 3
dx
Q
2hx = – 4
2h (–2) = – 4
– 4h = – 4
h =1 Volume generated, Vx
= Volume generated by the curve –
The curve y = hx2 + k passes through the Volume generated by the straight line PQ
point (–2, 8). (from x = 0 to x = 2)
∴ 8 = h(–2)2 + k 3

8 = 4h + k = π 0 y2 dx – 1 πr2h
3
8 = 4(1) + k 3

k =4 = π 0 (x + 4) dx – 1 π(4)2 (2)
2 2
3
3
= π 0 (x + 8x + 16) dx – 32 π
4 2
3
3
[ 5 3
= π x + 8x + 16x –
5 3
] 0
32
3
π

[
= π 3 + 8 (3)3 + 16(3) – 0] – 32 π
5
5

3 3
= 157 14 π units 3
15

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 4 Vectors

Paper 1 4. (a) If the vectors _a and _b are parallel, then

→ → a_ = hb_ (h is a constant).
1. (a) EA = 3 DC = 3 (12p
_ ) = 9p
_
4 4 2i_ – 5j
_ = h(ki_ – 3j
_)
→ → 2i_ – 5j
_ = hki_ – 3hj
_
(b) EQ = 1 ED
2
Equating the coefficients of _j
→ → → →

= 1 EA + AB + BC + CD
2  –3h = –5
h= 5
= 1  9p _
3
– 6r
_ – 9q
_ – 12p
2 _
Equating the coefficients of _i
= 1  – 3p _ – 9q_ 
_ – 6r hk = 2
2
5 k =2
→ → → 3
2. XY = XD + DY
k= 6
→ → 5
= 1 BD + 2 DC
2 3 (b) _a = hb
_
→ → →
2  3
= 1 BA + AD + 2 AB 5
_a = b_
3

= 1  –6b _  + (6b
_ + 2a
2 ) |a| 5
2 3 _ |b| = 3
= –3b_ + _a + 4b
_ |a| : |b| = 5 : 3
= _a + _b
→ → →
5. (a) AC = AB + BC
3. (a) _a + 1 _b + 2c
_ = 9i_ – 4j
5 _ + (–6i_ + mj_)
= 3i_ + (m – 4)_j
= 7j_ + 1 (10i_ – 5j_ ) + 2(–4i_ +_j )
5
→
= 7j
_ _ – _j – 8i_ + 2j
+ 2i _ (b) If AC is parallel to the x-axis, the
= – 6i_ + 8j coefficient of _j equals zero.
_
m–4 =0
m =4
1
(b) |a
_ + _b + 2c_ | = (–6)2 + 82 = 10
5
Hence, the unit vector in the direction of
1
_a + _b + 2c
_
5


= 1 –6i_ + 8j
10 _ 
= – 3 _i + 4 _j
5 5

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Paper 2 (c) Since the points O, T and S are collinear,

→ →
→ → → then, OT = kOS , where k is a constant.
1. (a) OT = OA + AT
→ → →
_ + 1 AQ
= 4x OT = kOS
3
→ → 8 _x + 2y = k [(6 – 6h)y + 16hx
_]
_ + 1 (AO + OQ )
= 4x 3 _ _
3
8 _x + 2y = k (6 – 6h)y + 16hkx
_
_ + 1 (–4x
= 4x _ + 6y
_) 3 _ _
3
8 _x + 2y = (6k – 6hk)y + 16hkx_
= 8 _x + 2y
_ 3 _ _
3

→ → → Equating the coefficients of _,

x
(b) OS = OQ + QS 8 = 16hk
→ 3
= 6y_ + hQP
→ → 1 = 6hk
= 6y_ + h(QO + OP )
→ → hk = 1 … 1
6
= 6y_ + h(QO + 4OA )
= 6y_ + h[–6y
_ + 4(4x
_)] Equating the coefficients of _y,
6k – 6hk = 2 … 2
= (6 – 6h) _y + 16hx
_
Substituting 1 into 2 :

 
6k – 6 1 = 2
6
6k = 3
k= 1
2

From 2 : hk = 1
6

2  
h 1 =1
6
h= 1
3

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→ → → → →
2. (a) (i) OM = 5 OB = 5 (14y
_) = 10y
_ (c) AK = AL + LK
7 7

→ →
– 1 _x + 7 _y = –2px
2 2
_ + 3 qx
_ + 10py
2 
_ + 7 qy
2
_ 
(ii) AK = 1 AB
4
→ → 2 2  2   2 
– 1 _x + 7 _y = –2p + 3 q _x + 10p + 7 q _y

= 1 AO + OB
4  –x
_ + 7y
_ = (–4p + 3q)x
_ + (20p + 7q)y
_
= 1  –2x _
_ + 14y
4 Equating the coefficients of _x ,
– 4p + 3q = –1 … 1
= – 1 _x + 7 _y
2 2
Equating the coefficients of _y ,
→ → 20p + 7q = 7 … 2
(b) (i) AL = pAM
→ →
  –20p + 15q = –5 … 5
1
= p AO + OM
+ 20p + 7q= 7 … 2
= p(–2x
_ + 10y
_) 22q = 2
= –2px + 10py
_ q= 1
11
→ →
(ii) KL = qKO 1
→ → From :

= q KA + AO  →
KA = –AK
→
 
– 4p + 3 1 = –1
11
= 1_x – 7_y – 4p = – 14
2 2
冧

11

= q 1 _x – 7 _y – 2x
2 2
_ p= 7
22
= q – 3 _x – 7 _y
2 2

= – 3 qx
_ – 7 qy
2 2 _

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WebsiteZI F505_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 30

SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 5 Trigonometric Functions

Paper 1 3. 3 tan θ = 2 tan (45º – θ)

1. 3 tan θ = 2  1tan+ tan45º45º– tantanθθ 

1 + p2

 11 +– tan θ
tan θ
1 θ
3 tan θ = 2
–p O
3 tan θ + 3 tan2 θ = 2 – 2 tan θ
3 tan2 θ + 5 tan θ – 2 = 0
sin (90º – θ) (3 tan θ – 1)(tan θ + 2) = 0
= cos θ tan θ = 1 or tan θ = –2
3
p
=–
1 + p2 When tan θ = 1 ,
3
3 Basic ∠ = 18.43º
2. – 10 tan x = 0
cos2 x θ = 18.43º, 198.43º
3 sec2 x – 10 tan x = 0
2
3(tan x + 1) – 10 tan x = 0 When tan θ = –2,
3 tan2 x + 3 – 10 tan x = 0 Basic ∠ = 63.43º
3 tan2 x – 10 tan x + 3 = 0 θ = 116.57º, 296.57º
(3 tan x – 1)(tan x – 3) = 0
∴ θ = 18.43º, 116.57º, 198.43º, 296.57º
tan x = 1 or tan x = 3
3

When tan x = 1 ,
3
x = 18.43º, 198.43º

When tan x = 3,
x = 71.57º, 251.57º
∴ x = 18.43º, 71.57º, 198.43º, 251.57º

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WebsiteZI F505_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 31

Paper 2 2. (a), (b)

y
1 – cos 2x y = 3 sin x
1. (a) LHS = 3 2
sin 2x
2
1 – (1 – 2 sin2 x)
= O

2 sin x cos x 2 x
–2
2 sin2 x
=
2 sin x cos x y = 2 – 2x
2
sin x
= x 2x
cos x 3 sin + =2
= tan x 2 π
= RHS x 2x
3 sin =2–
2 π
(b) (i), (ii) 2x
Sketch the straight line y = 2 –
The graph of y = |tan x| is as shown below. π

y x 0 2π
y= y 2 –2
π
(2π, 1)
Number of solution
O
π π 3π π x = Number of intersection point
2
=1

1 – cos 2x x
– =0
sin 2x 2π
1 – cos 2x x
=
sin 2x 2π Sketch the
x straight line
|tan x| =
2π y= x .
2π

Number of solutions
= Number of points of intersection
=4

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WebsiteZI F506_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 32

SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations

Paper 1 3. Number of different committees that can be

formed
1. Number of arrangements Choosing a female
2 1 3P secretary and a female
2
treasurer from 7 females
2 3 3P
2

2 5 3P
2 = 4C1  7C2  8C3

Hence, the number of 4-digit odd numbers greater Choosing 3

subcommittee
than 2000 but less than 3000 that can be formed Choosing a male members from 8
= 3  3P2 president from 4 males (males or females).
= 18
= 4704
2. Each group of boys and girls is counted as one
item.

B1, B2 and B3 G1, G2 and G3

√ √
This gives 2!.

√ √ √
At the same time, B1, B2, and B3 can be arranged
among themselves in their group. This gives 3!.

√ √ √
In the same way, G1, G2, and G3 can also be
arranged among themselves in their group. This
gives another 3!.

Using the multiplication principle, the total

number of arrangements
= 2!  3!  3! = 72

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 7 Probability

Paper 1

1. P(Not a green ball) = 3

5
h+5 = 3
h+k+5 5
5h + 25 = 3h + 3k + 15
2h = 3k – 10
h = 3k – 10
2

2. P (not getting any post)

=2 3 4
3 5 7
= 8
35
–
3. There are 3 ‘E’ and 4 ‘E ’ in the bag
(a) P(EE) = 3  2 = 1
7 6 7
–
(b) P(EE ) = 3  4 = 2
7 6 7

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 8 Probability Distributions

Paper 1 3. (a) X – Mass of a crab, in g

X ∼ N(175, 15)
1. X – Number of penalty goals scored
Z = X–µ

X ∼ B n, 3
5  σ
= 190 – 175
P(X = 0) = 16 15
625 =1

  
0 n
n
Co 3 2 = 16
5 5 625 (b) P(175 < X < 190)

(1)(1) 2
5   = 625
n
16 
= P 175 – 175 < Z < 190 – 175
15 15 
= P (0 < Z < 1)
 25  =  25 
n 4
= 0.5 – 0.1587
= 0.3413 0.1587

∴n =4
O 1

2. X ∼ N(55, 12 ) 2
4. 0.8159
Area of the shaded region 0.1841
P (X < 37)


= P Z < 37 – 55
12  –0.9

= P (Z < –1.5) P(Z > – 0.9) = 0.8159

0.0668
= 0.0668 ∴ k = –0.9

–1.5

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Paper 2 (ii) P(10 < X < 13)

1. (a) X – Number of blue beads drawn 

= P 10 – 12 < Z < 13 – 12
3.1201 3.1201 
= P(–0.641 < Z < 0.321)
 
X ∼ B 10, 6
18 = 1 – 0.2608 – 0.3741 0.2608 0.3741

= 0.3651
X ∼ B 10, 1 
3 –0.641 0.321

(i) P(X ≥ 3) 2. (a) X – Number of customers requiring a

= 1 – P(X = 0) – P(X = 1) – P(X = 2) supplementary card

   23     23   
0 10 1 9
= 1 – 10C0 1 – 10C1 1 X ∼ B 7, 280
3 3 500

C1 2 X ∼ B 7, 14 
2 8
– 10 2
3 3 25
= 0.7009
(i) P(X = 3)

   11
25 
3 4
(ii) Mean = np = 10  1 = 3 1 = 7C3 14
3 3 25
= 0.2304
Standard deviation = npq
(ii) P(X = 3)
= 10  1  2 = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
3 3
     
0
= 7C0 14 11 7 +7C 14 1 11 6 +
= 1.49 25 25 1
25 25

C  14   11 
2 5
7
(b) X – Lifespan of a species of dog 2
25 25
X ∼ N(12, σ2)
= 0.1402
(i) P(X > 8) = 90%
(b) X – Time taken to settle invoices

P Z > 8 – 12
σ  = 0.9 X ∼ N(30, 52)

(i) P(28 ≤ X ≤ 36)

P Z > –4  = 0.9
σ

= P 28 – 30 ≤ Z ≤ 36 – 30
5 5 
0.9 = P(–0.4 ≤ Z ≤ 1.2)
0.1
= 1– 0.3446 – 0.1151
= 0.5403
–1.282
0.3446 0.1151

– 4 = –1.282
σ
–0.4 1.2
σ = 3.1201 years

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(ii) P(X < 22)


= P Z < 22 – 30
5 
= P(Z < –1.6)
= 0.0548
Hence, the expected number of invoices which are
given discounts
= 0.0548  220
= 12

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 9 Motion Along a Straight Line

Paper 2 (c) When particle A reverses its direction,

vA = 0
1. (a) For particle A, at maximum velocity, 12 + t – t2 = 0
dvA = 0 t2 – t – 12 = 0
dt (t + 3)(t – 4) = 0
1 – 2t = 0 t = –3 or 4
t = –3 is not accepted
t= 1
2 ∴t=4

d 2vA = –2 (negative)
dt 2 vB = dsB
dt

 
2
Hence, vmax = 12 + 1 – 1 vB = 6t2 – 14t – 15
2 2
= 12 1 m s–1 aB = dvB
4 dt
aB =12t – 14
(b) sB = 2t 3 – 7t 2 – 15t When t = 4,
When particle B returns to O, aB =12(4) – 14 = 34 m s–2
sB = 0
2t 3 – 7t 2 – 15t = 0 2 (a) a = 12 – 6t
t(2t 2 – 7t – 15) = 0 

t(2t + 3)(t – 5) = 0 v = a dt

v = (12 – 6t) dt
t = 0, – 3 or 5 v = 12t – 3t2 + c
2
When t = 0, v = 15. Thus, c = 15
t = 0 and t = – 3 are not accepted ∴ v = 12t – 3t2 + 15
2
∴t=5
At maximum velocity,

sA = vA dt dv = 0

sA = (12 + t – t2) dt dt
2 3
12 – 6t = 0
sA = 12t + t – t + c t=2
2 3
When t = 0, sA = 0. ∴ c = 0 When t = 2,
2
∴ sA = 12t + t – t
3 v = 12(2) – 3(2)2 + 15 = 27 m s–1
2 3
d2v = –6 (< 0)
When t = 5, 2 dt2
sA = 12(5) + 5 – 5 = 30 5 m
3 Therefore, v is a maximum.
2 3 6

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(b) s = v dt (c) When the particle travels to the right,

s = (12t – 3t2 + 15) dt v >0
s = 6t 2 – t 3 + 15t + c 12t – 3t 2 + 15 > 0
When t = 0, s = 0. Thus, c = 0. 3t 2 – 12t – 15 < 0
∴ s = 6t 2 – t 3 + 15t t 2 – 4t – 5 < 0
(t + 1)(t – 5) < 0
At maximum displacement,
ds = 0
dt –1 5 t
12t – 3t2 + 15 = 0
3t2 – 12t – 15 = 0 –1 < t < 5
t2 – 4t – 5 = 0
(t – 5)(t + 1) = 0 Since the values of t cannot be negative,
t = 5 or –1 therefore 0 ≤ t < 5.
t = –1 is not accepted
∴t=5

When t = 5,
s = 6(5)2 – 53 + 15(5) = 100 m
d 2s = 12 – 6t
dt 2
2
When t = 5, d s2 = 12 – 6(5) = –18
dt
Therefore, s is a maximum.

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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 10 Motion Along a Straight Line

Paper 2 (c) (i) x = 4

y 3
1. (a) I 180x + 90y ≤ 5400 3x = 4y
2x + y ≤ 60 y = 3x
4
x 0 30
y 60 0 The furthest point on the straight line y = 3 x
4
inside the feasible region R is (20,15).
II 3x + 4y ≤ 120 ∴ xmax = 20, ymax = 15
x 0 40 (ii) Profits = 200x + 150y
y 30 0 Draw the straight line
200x + 150y = 3000
III y ≤ 2x

200  150  0.1 = 3000

x 0 30
y 0 60 The optimal point is (24, 12).
(b) Hence, the maximum profit
y = 200(24) + 150(12)
60
= RM6600

2x + y = 60
2. (a) Mixing: x 0 30
y = 2x
30x + 10y ≤ 15  60
y 90 0
50
3x + y ≤ 90

Baking: x 0 40
40x + 40y ≤ 26 2  60
40
y 40 0
3
x + y ≤ 40
30
3
y=
4
x Decorating: x 0 90
10x + 30y ≤ 15  60
y 30 0
(20, 15)
x + 3y ≤ 90
20

Max (24, 12)

10 R

3x + 4y = 120

O 10 15 20 30 40 x
200x + 150y = 3000

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(b)

y
90

80

70
3x + y = 90

60

50

40

30 Max (15, 25)

20
17

R x + 3y = 90
10

5
5x + 10y = 50 x + y = 40

O 10 2023 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 x

(c) (i) When y = 17, xmax = 23

(ii) Profits = 5x + 10y

Draw the straight line 5x + 10y = 50.

From the graph, the optimal point is

(15, 25).

Hence, the maximum profit

= 5(15) + 10(25)
= RM325

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