Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access
(OFDMA)

Trilok chandar k
07121A1564
Outline
1. Background
Multiple Access (MA) Methods
2. Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) Based Multiple
Access (OFDMA)
 Orthogonality Principle
 OFDM
 OFDM-FDMA
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of OFDMA
4. Conclusion

2
Introduction

 The nature of LAN,WAN applications demand

high data rates.
 Transmitted data is not possible to recover.
 OFDMA is a special form of multi carrier

transmission.
FDM (Frequency Division
Multiplexing)
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing )
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access).

 Digital modulation technique .

 Transfers one bit stream over one

communication.
 Assigning subsets of subcarriers to individual

users.
Cyclic prefix
 Repetition of the last samples of the data
portion that is appended at the beginning of
the data payload
 Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) is completely

eliminated by introduction of a Cyclic Prefix

 A drawback of the CP is that it introduces

overhead, which effectively reduces

bandwidth efficiency.
Block daigram
SOFDMA
 Scalable OFDMA is the OFDMA mode is used
in Mobile Wi-MAX defined in IEEE 802.16e
 Scalability is supported by adjusting the size

of FFT size while fixing the sub-carrier

frequency spacing in 10.94 kHz.
Advantages of OFDMA cont..
 Efficient use of Spectrum

4/3 Hz per symbol

6/5 Hz per symbol

Advantages of OFDMA cont..
 Receiver Simplicity
◦ It eliminates the intra-cell interference avoiding
CDMA type of multi-user detection
◦ Orthogonality of code destroyed by selective fading
◦ Only FFT processor is required
 Bit Error Rate performance is better only in Fading
environment
OFDMA is used in:

 the mobility mode of the Wireless MAN

standard, commonly referred to as WiMAX,
 the downlink of the 3G Long Term Evolution

(LTE) fourth generation mobile broadband

standard. The radio interface was formerly
named High Speed OFDM Packet Access
(HSOPA), now named Evolved UMTTerrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA).
Disadvantages of OFDMA
2
 Peak to average x(t )
power ratio (PAPR) PAPR 
P avg
Disadvantages of OFDMA cont..

 Synchronization
◦ Tight Synchronization between users are
required for FFT in receiver
◦ Pilot signals are used for synchronizations
 Co-channel interference
◦ Dealing with this is more complex in OFDM than in
CDMA
◦ Dynamic channel allocation with advanced
coordination among adjacent base stations

15
Research issues and Conclusion

 Future works
◦ Peak-to-average power reduction in OFDM
◦ Timing and Frequency Synchronization
◦ Efficient digital signal processing Implementation of
OFDM
◦ Multiple input/Multiple output (MIMO) OFDM
 Conclusion
◦ Different variations of OFDMA are proposed and
have different pros and cons

16
Thank You