Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 66

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Validation du code NSI3FS sur des écoulements


turbulents autour d’un tablier de pont élémentaire

Emmanuel Briand — Serge Piperno

N° 0283
Juillet 2003

THÈME 4

apport
technique
ISSN 0249-0803
 
    !" #$%&'#)('  '* '+
#

% ,- '.
#)/
$  %0213
4,5%0768 +

('('* '+
%9
:!;<;>=@?BADCFE'GHJIK=L?9MONQP$CFHRSCUTVIKWQCFHJ?9XZY
[5\^]_.`acb dfeg_h^ikjmlnegoqp`lroqstluek_.egvnjmluekowp
x ` vzy{vzlu]_.`vZ|oq_.s^ig`}f`v
~Qzom€`lƒ‚„Z…†-„V‡
ˆrjws^sLoql5ln`|‰\tp^ekŠFh^`p@‹ŒŽww‘cb ’wh^egigik`lVŽmŒqŒq‘b “q‘+s”jw•q`v
–/—{˜J™9š›—œ)žB`/|o x `Ÿ‡Vdf… ‘q¡d›sS`u_.`l x¢¤£ lnh x ek`ci ¢ `¥S`l x h2¦q`pl.vuh^ x `vcstuow§”igv
x `/sLoqplnv+`lci ¢ jws^s”jmue¨lnegoqp x¢ ekp^vl‰jw©tekigegl £ vj £ uo £ ikjwvzluekŠFh^`vª«‚`njms^sSowzl¬­jmegl+vzh^e¨ln` ®
h^p^`.v £ ueg` x `.lunjJ¦mjwhf} x `.¦mjwige x jmlnegoqpUvuht x `v4• £ oq_ £ lnueg`v vzek_.s^ig`v4ŠFh^eQoqpl _egv `p
£ ¦{e x `p^|`8ik`v/©Sowp^p^`vŸs^ £x ek|lnegoqp^v x `v/|o{`¯|ek`pFluv j £ zo £ i°jmvzlnegŠFh^`v`p±oqvz|egikikjmlnegoqp
¬²oqu| £ `³ikjw_.egp”jwegu`wª´µp± £ •qek_.`³luh^u©th^ik`pl`lŸ`p"vzluuh^|lnh^z`³§t}f`w¶·ik`-_.o x ]ik`8¸-¹»º
htlnegikegv £ s^ £ vu`pl‰jwe¨l x `v x^£ §”|ek`p^|`v x jwptvig`v4¼oqpt`v x `.u`|ekz|h^ikjmluekoqp½¶9|`ŠFh^e€`l‰jwe¨l
h^p x owhtln`.vuhtig`v|Jjws”jm|e¨l £ v x h¾|o x `Ÿ® ©^eg`p¿st £x ekz`ig`v x oq_jwegp^`v x¢ ekp^vl‰jw©tekigegl £ v
j £ zo £ i°jwvlnegŠFh^`v x ` vzluuh^|lnh^z`®+\”jwhflƒˆ'`y{p^owi x vª
ÀZ`vDvzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp^v oqpl £ l £ `¥S`|lnh £ `vDsLoqh^$ŠFh”jwplueg§”`D|`·_jwht¦mjwegv |oq_.sLoqzlu`_.`pl
`lrh^p³_.o x ]ig`4©^e¨ÁÂ|oqht|‰\^`cj £ l £ s^zoqsLoqv £ `lrln`vzl £ ªL´Qp- £ •qek_.`4§t}f`ig`v £ |oqh^ig`_.`plnv
oq©tln`pFh^vƒvzoqplV`pt|oqh^ujw•q`jwplnvª½~9oqhtzl‰jmpFlƒi ¢ jws^s^jwue¨lnegoqp x `s^\ £ p^oq_.]pt`vƒluoqh^u©tekigikowpfÁ
p”jwegu`v'©”jmvuvu`vZ¬² £ ŠFh^`pt|`vƒj+p £ |`vuvzegl £ i ¢ hflnegikegvnjmluekowp x ` •qzoqv5_jwekigikjw•q`vr`l x `4lu`_.s^v
x `vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp2luu]v4igoqp^•qv¶ `p2s”jmzlneg|htikeg`4sSowh^ x `v £ lnh x `v`p2owvu|egigi°jmluekowp›¬²oqz| £ `mª
~9oqh^Z|`v x `zp^eg]u`vVegi9vz`_©tik`cÃlnz`p £ |`vzvnjwegu` x `lnz]vZ©^ek`p x^£ |uegu`i°j x yfp^jw_.ekŠFh^`
lnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^p”jmekz`V`lekiSp ¢ `vzl5s^jwvÄvuÅtĊFh^`!|`vÄ_.o x ]ik`v x `ƒluh^u©^htik`p^|`!_.oÆyq`p^p £ s”jw Á
¦feg`ptp^`plƒ®ig`!¬­jwekz`wª
ÇDÈ²É ÊBȲË$̲ͽÎLÊ ÏVÈKÍÐqÑÓÒzÔ5Õ×ÖÙØkÚmÐÆҁÛÝÜÒÞ ß”ÖÙàmÒzÛKáãâJäDåKâàÓæÓÖçÕÓÞ ÖÙáÓÛKÖçÕÓÞ è¨Û

Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis


2004, route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)
Téléphone : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Télécopie : +33 4 92 38 77 65
Ž  
 

 "!
$#

%'& (Ә)+*-,²—{˜.œ…3pln`njw|lnegoqp/.”hte x `×Á3vlnuht|lnhtu`w¶ x^£ l‰jw|‰\^`_.`plluoqh^u©tekigikowp^p”jwegu`m¶Fluh^u©thfÁ


ik`p^|`m¶L_.o x ]ig`¸c¹<º

È²É ÊBȲË
4 !
  ±
  !    
% ,- '.

   #  %    4 ''* '.


 % ,%9 4'

 ˜ ( *(œ³[5\^`V‡Vdf… ‘q¡d|o x `Zekv·h^vu` x lnovlnh x ylu\^`'egp x `¥½`|lÄowp/©^ue x •q` x `|Fv


jwp x jw`zof`i°jwvlneg|›egp^vl‰jw©^egigegluek`vª [5\^egv³z`sLoqzlegv-egp ln\^`¾|oqpluekpFh^e¨l3yow¬¦mjwige x jmlnegoqp
oqFvoqp›`ig`_.`pl‰jmzy¾•q`ow_`lnzek` v '\^eg|‰\¿\”jJ¦q`Ÿvu\^o'p j •qo{o x jw`zof`i°jmvzlneg||o{`¯+Á
|eg`plnv4s^u` x eg|lnegoqp›oqp›ikjw_.egp”jwV¬²oqz|` x oqvu|ekigikjmlnegoqpª Vp¾luh^u©th^ik`pl .”o 'vjwp x §t}f` x
vzlnzh^|luh^u`m¶tln\t` ¸V¹›º·_o x `i½h^vz` x s^u`¦{ekoqhtvui¨y x egvu|ikoqvz` x x egvu|u`s^jwp^|eg`v'egp/ln\^`ƒu`|ek Á
|h^ikjmlnegoqp¼oqp^`v¶ '\^ek|‰\|jwvzlvu\”j x o 'voqpŸlu\^`Zjw©^egike¨l3yow¬$‡Vd{… ‘q¡µd.luos^z` x eg|l|oqzu`|l
jw`zof`i°jwvlneg| ekp^vl‰jw©tekigegl3y x oq_jwekptv'¬²ow5\^ek•w\³ˆ'`y{p^oqi x vrvzluuh^|lnh^z`vª
d{ek_h^i°jãlnegoqp^v Äjmvikjwh^pt|‰\^` x lnoUŠFh”jwplne¨¬ y¿ln\tekv.©”j x ©L`\”jJ¦{egoqjwp x j³l oãÁ3ikjÆyw`
_o x `i jwv/stuoqsLoqvu` x jwp x ln`vzln` x ª !p §t}f` x z`•qeg_.`w¶Äln\t`³oq©tlnjwegp^` x .^o 'v `u`
`p^|oqh^njm•qekpt• jwp x ©S`vzlu`|ekz|h^ikjmluekoqptv ·`u`s^uo x h^|` x ª‡r`¦q`zlu\^`ig`vzvcln\^`Ÿjwuegvuegp^•
ow¬igo  ¬²z`ŠFh^`pt|yU¦qoqln`×}¾`¦q`plnveg_.sSowvu` x ln\^`.h^vz`.ow¬Ä©^eg• _.`vu\t`vcjmp x igoqp^•luek_.`
uh^p^v¶”`¦w`p_owu`V¬²oq¬²owu|` x oqvu|ekigi°jãlnegoqp^v'vzluh x eg`vª«…3p¬­jw|llno.s^u` x eg|lr|oqzu`|lni¨yŸlu\^`
jw`zof`i°jwvlneg|'|o{`¯|eg`plnv¶te¨l«vu``_.vp^`|`vzvnjwy.lno x `vz|zek©L`Z¦w`zy.stu`|ekvz`i¨y.ln\^`'¦qoqln`×}
x y{p”jw_.ek|Vjwp x e¨lÄegvÄp^owlvuh^z`ƒln\^jmllu\^`VjJ¦q`njw•w` x lnhtu©^h^ig`pt|`!_.o x `igv5jwu`ƒjw©^ig`Zluo x o
ln\”jmlª
!#"%$$)& &'(9˜wœ ¡9ikh^e x Á d{lnzhtlnh^z`egpln`njw|lnegoqp¶D¦woqzlu`}›vu\^` x^x egp^•^¶Dluh^u©th^ik`p^|`m¶Q¸Ÿ¹"º
_o x `ikv
a  
 

 "!
$#

4,  '#)* 
 5%9'# 

  ( & ( ™ *( &  

 , ( ( & (" ˜™ Ÿ™  & , " –


Ž{ª ~Q £ vz`pl‰jmluekowp ª ªª4ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª “

         

Ž{ªçŽ †³jwegikikjw•q`† Á ӎ ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ƌ
ŽfªçŽ{ª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª Á3ˆr` wŒqŒ ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ƌ
   
 ! " 
ŽfªçŽ{ªçŽ dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤ŒŽÓÁ3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ƌ
Ž{ªÙ‘ †³jwegikikjw•q`† Á Ž wŒ ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª Ɛ
# 

ŽfªÙ‘fª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª Ɛ


  
 $ # 
Ž{ª¤a †³jwegikikjw•q`d † Á ӎ ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»ŽqŽ
Žfª¤atª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤ŒŽÓÁ3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»ŽqŽ
&% ' (

Ž{ª †³jwegikikjw•q`d † ÁŽ mŒ ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»Žw“


 #
) &% 
Žfª {ª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»Žw“
Žfª {ªçŽ dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ Á3[ h”Œtª¤‘ ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»Žw“
)  $ #
) $ #
Žfª {ªÙ‘ dfeg_hti°jmluekowp ~S„VdFÁ Àƒ´Á3~S„ƒˆ V…ÝÁ Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª»Žw
Ž{ªÙ“ †³jwegikikjw•q`d † Á wŒwŒ ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ‘q“
) $

ŽfªÙ“fª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3ÀV´Qž$ŒtªÙŒ ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ‘q“


&% *
 $ #
Ž{ª †³jwegikikjw•q`d † ÁŽ mŒãÁ 5ŽÆÁ ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª aŒ
Žfª {ª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3‡V‚Ä‘ ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª aŒ
)+ &%  -, .%/

Ž{ªÙ †³jwegikikjw•q`d † ÁŽ mŒãÁ ÆÁ 4Ž ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª a


)+  $
&%  -,0+ .% &
ŽfªÙfª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3‡V‚ Ɠ.ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª a
Ž{ª †³jwegikikjw•q`d † Á mãÁ 5ŽÆÁ ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª a
 $ 1 &
32 &% '+ -, .%/ 42
Žfª fª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3‡V‚ ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª a
Ž{ª ƌ±†³jwegikikjw•q`d † Á mãÁ ÆÁ 4Ž ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª w‘
32  $ 0+ 42

Žfª JŒtª dfeg_hti°jmluekowp Àƒ['Œtª¤Œ Á3‡V‚ Ɠ.ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª w‘


 &% '+ -,0+ .% 5
  $ 1 5
Žfª JŒtªçŽ dfeg_hti°jmluekowp³`p £ •qeg_` x¢ oqvz|egikikjmlnegoqp ¬²oqu| £ ` ª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ma
Ž{ª d{y{pFlu\^]vz`"ªª4ª ªª4ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª ª4ªª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª ª4ªª4ª4ªª4ªª “
 5
 $

 6 & *-,K™ ˜ & ˜


 "  

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 

L .
$%  «
 
‚`lulu` £ lnh x `!s”jwzluek|eksL` ®+i°j¦mjwige x jmlnegoqp x h|o x ` x½¢ egpln`ujw|luekowp .”hte x ` vlnuht|lnhtu`
‡Vdf… ‘q¡dSªµ‚`/|o x `sS`u_.`l x `s^ £x ekz`ik`Ÿ|oq_.sLoqzlu`_.`pl x¢ h^p^`vlnuht|lnhtu`vuowike x `
s^ikowp^• £ ` x jwp^v9h^p £ |oqh^ig`_.`pFl .^h^e x `wªqž ¢ `}f`_.s^ig`5ŠFh^`ptoqh^vµjwigigoqp^vD|oqp^vze x^£ u``vlh^p
l‰jw©^igeg` x `ƒsLoqpl_.egv`pŸ_.oqht¦w`_.`pl'vuowh^vi ¢ jm|lnegoqp x hŸ¦q`plJª{…3iS`×}tegvzlu`Zluuoqegv £ •qeg_.`v
sSoqvzvueg©^ig`csSowh^ƒig`vZvueg_h^ikjmlnegoqp^vª Zp-§t}f`w¶½| ¢ `vzl ® x egu`cŠFh^`cikjvlnzh^|luh^u`c`vzl!eg_._.omÁ
©^ekig`w¶Doqp u`•jw x `jwigoquvcvzek_.s^ig`_.`pFli ¢¤£ |oqh^ig`_.`pFljwhflnoqh^ x h<s^uow§^i`lcik`vc¬²oqu|`v
`}f`z| £ `vcvuht4|`igh^e Á3|e­ª9ž$`.vz`|owp x `vl4ik` £ •qek_.`.¬²oqu| £  oqvz|egikikjmlnegoqp›`
l ãoqh¾lunjwptvuikjãÁ
lnegoqp ¶woqp+v ¢ jmlulnjw|‰\^`rjwigoquvQ®!|jwnjw|l £ uegvu`Qi ¢ egp^vl‰jw©^egigegl £rx `Äln`igig`rowh.lu`igik`5¬² £ ŠFh^`pt|` x `
¬²oq jw•q`wª@´µpt§^p ik` lnzoqegvueg]_.``vzlZh^p³ £ •qeg_.`igek©^z`o  ®.s”jwzluek x `vZ|jwnjw|l £ uegvzlnegŠFh^`v
x y{p”jw_.ekŠFh^`v x `-i°j¾vzlnzh^|luh^u`  _jwvzvu`w¶«_.oq_.`pl x½¢ egp^`lneg`w¶·ueg•qe x egl £ ¶Qoqp i°jmekvzvu`³ig`
.”h^e x ` i°j._.`luluu` `p_.oqht¦w`_.`plJª
…3|eQoqp2htluekigegvu`uj-s^zekpt|egs”jwig`_.`plcig`s^u`_eg` £ •qek_.`mª9´µp›`¥S`l x `st £ | £x `pln`v
£ lnh x `vµoqplµ_.oqplu £ ŠFh^`5i ¢ owp.jwuzeg¦mjwe¨lµjwvzvu`¼5©^ek`p®ƒs^ £x egu`5ig` x oq_jwegp^` x¢ egp^vzlnjw©^egike¨l £
x¢ htp^`cvzluuh^|lnh^z`+_jwekv!ŠFh^`+s^jwƒ|oqplnu`+ikj x `vu|uegstlnegoqp x `ci ¢¤£ |oqh^ig`_.`pFljwhflnoqh^ x `
|`lzln` vzluuh^|lnh^z` £ l‰jwe¨l's^igh^vr_jmht¦mjwekvz`wª
…3|e½p^owh^vÄp ¢ jJ¦qoqp^v5hflnegikegv £ ŠFh ¢ h^ps^zow§”iS`p ˆ'avuhtÄik`ŠFh^`i©L`Jjmh^|oqhts x `V £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnv
oqpl £ l £ s^h^©^ige £ vªD‚oq_._.` x jmp^vig`. £ •qek_.` x `ˆr`yfptoqi x vŠFh^eQp^oqh^v4egpFl £ z`vuvz`pl+`vzl
lnh^z©^h^ig`plJ¶mp^oqh^vDjƦwoqp^v9htlnegikegv £ ik`vD_.o x ]ig`v x `«lnh^z©^h^ig`p^|`Ä_.oÆyq`ptp £ `5s^ £ vz`plnv x jwp^v
ik` |o x `wª·Àƒ`v £ lnh x `vs^ £ | £x `pln`v  |¬ˆrjws^sLoqzl x `8ˆ'`|‰\t`u|‰\t`¾… ‡Zˆr…3„ ‡Zo ‘q
s”jw'~µek`uz`Á ´µ_._jwpFh^`i oqhtup^`l«€zjwp¦ŽmŒqŒqŒ oqplr_.oqpln £ ŠFh^`4ig`4_.o x ]ig` ÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp
+

jƦw`|›ikoqe x `¾s”jwzoqe!p^`¾s”jw¦q`p^jwegl³s”jwv-®<¬²owh^up^eg x `›©Loqp^v £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnvªZ‡Zowh^v-ptoqh^v


,

vuoq_._.`v x oqp^|-jmlulnjw|‰\ £ v/®2jwp”jmigy{vu`Ÿig`v|Jjwh^vz`v x `³|`v/_jwht¦mjwegvu`vŸsL`z¬²owu_.`p^|`v


 ¦{ekvzh”jwigekvujmlnegoqp^v+`lcvl‰jmluekvlnegŠ{ht`v sth^ekv•q w|`/®³htp^`/vuht•q•q`vlnegoqp x  `  oquj x ¼/†-` x eg|
p^oqh^vQjJ¦qowp^vQ`vuvujJy £ htp_.o x ]ig` x `Älnhtu©^h^ig`pt|`r©^e¨ÁÂ|oqht|‰\^`wª rp^`'v £ zek` x `5vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp^v
`p. £ •qek_.`5§t}f`5vuht x eg¥ £ z`plnvQ_jwegikikjw•q`v·j £ l £  £ jwigekv £ €htvuŠFh ¢ ® |`'Š{h ¢ h^p £ |oqh^ig`_.`pl
vnjmluekv¬­jwekvujwpl·jwegl £ l £ oq©tlu`pFhªF¡Degp”jwig`_.`pFl·ig`vQ £ vuh^i¨l‰jmluv x½¢ h^pt`rvzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp`p £ •wek_.`
¬²oqu| £ oqpl £ l £ |ow_s^jw £ vÄ®|`hf}oq©fln`pFh/`pŸ £ •qeg_.`ƒikjw_.ekp”jmekz`Zs”jm !ekigig`vÄ¡”oqhtu`vln`y
x jwp^v'vnj+ln\t]vu`mª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
“  
 

 "!
$#

4 
   Ÿ½ #$%&  6 % -¿' 


‡roqh^vZs^ £ vu`pluoqp^vVeg|e ik`vƒvzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp^vƒ`¥½`|luh £ `v!vuh^ x `vZs^uow§^ikvr`p8ˆ'a/jJ¦w`|ig`
|o x `V‡ƒdf… ‘+®i ¢ oq x u` qªtž$jstu`vzvuegoqp vuh^ik`Vstuow§”iL`vl5|ow_s^jw £ ` jƦw`| x `v5 £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnv
`}fs £ ueg_.`pl‰jwh{} x h±‚5d{[ ƒªQžB` ˆr`yfptoqi x v x `i ¢ `}fs £ ueg`p^|`-`vzl x `i ¢ ow x z` x ` "!$#


_jmekvÄpFh^_ £ uegŠ{ht`_.`plri°j x ekvzvuegs”jmluekoqp x hŸ|o x `Vp^`Vptoqh^vÄsL`z_`l5s^zoq©”jw©^ig`_.`pFlÄs”jwv


,

x¢ jmikig`ŸjwhfÁ x `ik® x %` "!'&ƪ·‚`vŸ|Jjwig|h^igvŸ¬²oqplvuh^e¨ln` ®›|`hf} x^£ €z®¾ £ jmikegv £ v/s”jwŸdf`z•q`


~QegsL`upto`lr~µek`uu`×Á ´µ_._jwpFh^`i oqhtup^`l'Š{htep^oqh^v5owpFl x oqp^p £ v x `v'ekp x ek|jmlnegoqp^v5vzh^
ik`v ¦mjwig`htuv x `v s”jmnjw_.]luu`v®/hflnegikegvu`  s”jwv x `clu`_.s^v4`l x `iglnj x h›_.o x ]ig`+ikowe x `
,

s”jwuowe ת
( "{˜%   ,, ) "{˜wœ
ž$`v!_jwekigikjw•q`v!igegvzl £ v ®•jwh^|‰\^`+owpFlVik`v!_Ã_.` x ek_.`ptvuegoqp^v +*-, w¶ž , aZ`l ig`vV¦{e Á
ln`vzvu`v x¢ `pln £ `vzoqplƒ§t} £ `vV®/.1032"46587:9 ;<qªS‚`vƒ_jwegikikjw•q`vZoqpl £ l £ • £ p £  £ vVjJ¦w`|ig`


ikoq•wek|ek`iB`_.|Ǝ+s^h^egvZ`×}{lnuh x^£ vrvuh^>=@?A;Bqª


– "{š  DC™ "VœžB`v vueg_h^ikjmluekoqptv x `df`u•q`Q`l9~µeg`uz`Á3´Q_._jwpFh^`ithtluekigekvujweg`pl x `v •qnjwp{Á

x `h^zvs^\y{vuegŠFh^`v  l‰jwegikig` x hˆ'a^¶¦fe¨ln`vuvz` x¢ `pln £ `V`lu|wªgªkª ª{…3i@¬­jwhtl x oqp^|Zs^u`p x u`Z|`i°j
`p |oq_.stln`cŠFh”jmp x oqp |oq_.s”jwu`ik`vƒ¦mjwik`h^uv x `vVs^jwv x `4ln`_.s^v¶ x `v x `i¨l‰joqh x `cikj
sSoql‰jwpt|`wª
& F E "  (  & ˜ ( " &Lš¿š )'"@œ
ž$`µstu`_.eg`$p^oq_©^u` x jmp^v$ik`v ptoq_.v x `v$_jwekigikjw•q`v$|oquz`vusLoqp x jwh p^oq_©^u` x `µsLoqegplnv
6  

vuh^!ig`cs^zow§”iQŽwÀª~9owh^!ik`v!_jwekigikjw•q`v!ujm¯p £ v ®/ikj/s”jwzoqe­¶{€ ¢ jweDvzek_.s^ig`_.`plj、oqhtl £


Š{ht`igŠ{ht`vQ|oqht|‰\^`vµvlnuht|lnht £ `vQjwhtluoqh^ x h+s^uow§^if`l x^£ |jwi £ i°jV©^jwvu` x `vDluuekjwp^•qig`v x `v
_jmekigi°jm•q`v x ` xt£ s”jwlJª „ƒegp^vue 5Ž oqh |oqzu`vusLoqp x `pFlcjwhf}›p^oq_©^u`v x `|oqht|‰\^`v
nj、oqhfl £ `v¶ ƒoqh 4ŽV®Zi°jV\”jmhtln`h^µ_.oÓyw`p^pt` x `5i°jVs^z`_.eg]u`5|oqh^|‰\^`  G , ZoqhŽ ת
, ,0+

‚`zlnjwegp^vV_jwegikikjw•q`vVvuoqpl!vy{_ £ lnzekŠFh^`v  s”jwZnjws^sLoql!®Ÿi ¢ jÓ}t`ikoqpt•qegluh x egp”jwi x h8ˆ'a 


%  % % 

sSoqht¦ £ zeg§^`«Š{ht`Zig`v«jwvyf_ £ lnueg`v·_.`vuht £ `v·vzh^Qik`v·stuow§”igv x `'s^u`vuvzekoqpp^`5¦{ek`p^p^`pl


s”jwv x h_jmekigi°jm•q`  s^ £ §t}f`Iv HKJ$LNMOPH'ª
( "{˜ ã—{˜J™ , ( (Ә "RQ  —  Kš
 "  ( ”™Qµœ

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 +

 

 !

  
 ' 

 

ž$`vÄ_.`vzh^u`v x `Vs^z`vuvzekowpvzoqpl¬­jwe¨ln`v5jJ¦q`| “wac|Jjmstln`h^uvÄ £ s”jmzlnegvÄvzh^lnowhtlÄig`Vs^zow§”i­ª


´Qigig`vVp^`vuoqplƒ•qikow©”jwig`_.`plVs^jwvƒs £ zeko x egŠ{ht`vV_.Ã_.`cv ¢ egi vu`_©^ig`+Š{ht`i ¢ oqp³u`luuoqhf¦q`

SŽ   
      $
$#   +

 + #   

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
  
 

 "!
$#

i°j¬² £ Š{ht`p^|` x `vi w|‰\^` x `+lnowh^u©^egigikoqp x `i ¢ jwigi £ ` x `Qoqp jwu_jwp  ikj ¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`
x¢¤£ |‰\”jwplnegigikoqptp”jw•q`-`vzlŸekptvuht¯vnjmpFlu` sLoqh^.`p±Ãlnz`-vzÅ^ UsLoqegpFluvŸs”jms £ zeko x ` x `

i w|‰\t` x `vÄlnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^vª”~ oqh^Ä|`lzln`!_.Ã_.`!njmekvzoqpik`v £ |jwzlÁÂl3y{sL`v5`}fs £ zek_.`plnjwhf}
x `'s^u`vuvuegoqp/pt`rptoqh^vQvu`_©^ig`pl5s”jmvQluu]v«§@jm©^ik`vªfdfh^Q|`zlnjwegp^v·|jwstlu`h^zv·oqpsL`htl«u`×Á
lnuowht¦q`µh^p^`Ävz`_.e¨ÁÂs £ uego x ek|egl £ `lµ_.Ã_.` x `vµsSoqegplnv§t}f`v«`p.jJ¦wjmi x `vµ|oqegp^vQjw_.oqplnvª

S‘ 

 !


  
 
 !
   #   # -
 $

! #
µ~ \y{vuegŠFh^`_.`pl'egi”vu`_©^ig`ƒŠFh^`r|`v_.`vzh^u`v|owu`vzsSowp x `pl® x `vQlnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^v«ŠFh^e
vu`Ÿ¬²oqz_.`pl x jwp^vi°j ¼oqp^`/|ekvujwekigig`_.`pl• £ p £  £ `v.s”jwik`vc|oqegp^v.jw_.oqpluvªµž$j³p^owpfÁ
s £ uego x eg|e¨l £ ¦{ek`pFl x `Ÿikj-lnuj、`|lnoqegu` x `Ÿ|`vlnowh^u©^egigikoqptvcvuh^ik`Ÿs^uow§^i·ŠFh^e«`vlclnz]v
vu`ptvueg©^ik` ®-ik`h^csLoqvue¨lnegoqp egp^eglue°jmik`  ekplu`njm|lnegoqp `pFluu`/ig`vlnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^v¶jJ¦q`|ik` .^owl
_oÆyw`p³`lZjƦw`|4i ¢ jwigi £ ` x ` Qoq p 4jmu_jwp x h-vzekigikjw•q` ת

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 2

Bž `Zs^uow§^i x `Zs^u`vuvzekoqp ‘Š{hteS`p x^£ |oqh^ig`Vs^ £ vu`pln`!h^p/sti°jmlu`JjwhŸ`pjJ¦mjwi x `v|oqegp^v


jw_.oqplnv¶wh^p^`5u`_.oqpl £ ` x jmp^vQi°jV¼oqp^` x `'u`|oqigig`_.`pl«`lQh^pt` x^£ s^z`vzvuegoqpŸvzh^µi°jV¬­jw|`
jƦmjwi­ª9‚`Ÿvzoqplc|`v|jwnjw|l £ uegvzlnegŠFh^`v+ŠFh^`p^oqh^vjwigikoqptv`vuvnjJyw` x `u`stuo x h^egu`jƦw`|
‡Vdf… ‘tª
–"{š  DC™ "Vœr‚`-stuow§”i5`vzlŸjwvzy{_ £ luuegŠFh^`8jwh>p^e¨¦q`Jjmh x `vŸ¼owp^`v x `u`|oqigik`_`plJª
Zp^`5`×}tstikeg|JjmluekowpŸsLoqvuvzek©^ig`'`vl·ŠFh^`'i ¢ jmp^•qig` x½¢ jmlzl‰jwŠFh^` x h^njwpl«i ¢ `×}ts £ zek`p^|`rp ¢ jwe¨lQs”jwv
£ l £ pFh^i­ª„"s”jwlneg x `'ikjƒ¦wjmik`h^µ_.oÓyw`p^pt` x `'ikjVsSowzl‰jmp^|`5_.`vzh^ £ `w¶FoqpjVs^zoqsSowv £ h^p
jwp^•qig` x ` qª x `•w £ ªw~9oqhtzl‰jmpFl x `vDvueg_h^ikjmlnegoqp^vµ`¥½`|luh £ `vQjƦw`|Ä|`lQjmp^•qig` x¢ jmlulnjwŠFh^`
p ¢ owpFlrs”jmvrz`s^zo x h^egl'i ¢ jwvzy{_ £ luueg`|owp^vzlnjml £ `wª
 2

”a    # 
!
   # 
!   
   

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
ƌ
  
 

 "!
$#

: 
   

‡roq_©^z` x ` vuoq_._.`luv ƌwŒqŒqŒ

r‡ oq_©^z` x ` sSoqegplnv'vuhtrikj.vzlnzh^|luh^u` ㎠a
ˆZjã¯pt`_.`plZvuh^'ikj.s^jwuoqe …3vuowul uoqsL`
‡roq_©tu` x ` |oqht|‰\^`vZvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vZ®ikj+s”jwzoqe Œ
_.oÆyq`p x hs^u`_.ek`ZsLoqegpFl ‘wqŒ Œ


   KšU™ , ( &
   )u
– " 
[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` p^oqp
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v $! !
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v Œfª


ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe Á
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª
&Lš¿š "  (   "{˜wœ
3… i p ¢ yj.s”jwvrs^ikjmln`jwh x `4s^z`vuvzekowp `p³jƦmjwi x `vZ©Loq x v x½¢ jmlzl‰jwŠFh^`4`lZegi p ¢ yj.s”jwv x `
6

lnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^vª$~9oqh^l‰jwpl4ig`v £ |jwzlÁÂl3y{sS`v x `.s^u`vuvuegoqp›oqpl ik`.©LoqpUs^uow§^i`l ig`v4©Sowp^v


p^eg¦w`Jjwh{}½ªLž$jcvuowikhtluekowp-`vzlrs £ uego x ekŠFh^`mªLd{lnzoqh^\”jwi x `!i ¢ jwigi £ ` x ` Qoqp  jwu_jwp”Œfª Ƒfª
‚`lulu`+vueg_h^ikjmlnegoqpU`vl i°j/ £ ¬ £ u`pt|`.`p8 £ •qeg_.`+i°jw_.egp”jwegu`mª$‚oq_._.`+oqp8ik`¦q`znj


®›ikj›§”p  ¦woqegŽfª ƌtªÙŽ ¶Q_jwig•q £ vu`v x^£ ¬­jmh^igluv¶·| ¢ `vzl/`igik` ŠFh^e x oqp^pt`³ig`v/_.`egigik`h^uv
 £ vzh^i¨l‰jmluvƒ`p³oqvu|ekigi°jãlnegoqp³¬²oqz| £ `mª½ž$j x y{p”jw_.ekŠFh^`cluoqh^z©^ekigigoqp^p”jwegu`4p ¢ `vl!s”jwv x^£ |ue¨ln`
!

 s”jwQujws^sLoqzl·® h^p/ˆ'`y{p^oqi x v·vuh^s £ zek`h^Ä® "! µ`l«egi@vu`_©^ig`VŠFh^`Z|`Zvzoqe¨l_.eg`hf}ŠFh^`


x ` _jmiik`!¬­jwegu`mª




  KšU™ , ( &
 
 ) (  

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒŽ
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe $ ŒfªÙŒ
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 

  # 
       #   ! # 
 
&Lš¿š " ( "{˜wœ
D~ jwv x `Vlu`_.s^v'`l x `i¨l‰jco _jmekv5ikj x^£ stu`vzvuegoqp jmhf}|oqekptv'jw_.oqplnv5`vl5lnzoqs •qnjwp x `
6  

 _jwht¦mjwegvu`  £ vuoqightluekoqp x `vr|oqegp^v׶Lig`!s^ikjmln`jwh x ` s^u`vuvuegoqp`p-jJ¦wjmi x `v'©Loq x v x½¢ jmlÁ


l‰jwŠFh^`'`vlQlnuows\”jmhtl  s^© x h_.o x ]ik` ¶Fegi^y.j!h^p^` x^£ stu`vzvuegoqp/`pŸjw_.oqpl x h©Sow x.x `
¬²h^eglu`  jw||uo{|‰\”jw•w` x `v5lnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^v¶”ig`v'¦mjwuekjmlnegoqp^v x `4stu`vzvuegoqp³vzoqplrvuh^ £ ¦mjwigh £ `vª
Àƒ`vVluoqh^u©tekigikowp^v vu`c¬²oqz_`pl4jwhfÁ x `vuvzh^v x h8s^zow§”i_jwegv!h^p8lnoqhtu©^egikigoqpUj/ln`p x jwpt|`
® x jƦmjwplnjw•q`.v ¢ jw||uo{|‰\^`vuh^ ig`.©Soq x›x `.¬²hteglu`vzh^s £ ueg`htª9‚`ŠFh^eµ|oqp x htegl®h^p^`
x ekvzvzy{_ £ luueg` x jwptvrig`v's^zow§”igv x `4stu`vzvuegoqpª
ž j.vuowikhtluekowp-p ¢ `vlVs^igh^vrs £ uego x ekŠFh^`4`lZs^ £ vu`pFlu` x `vZst\ £ p^ow_]p^`vZ©”jwvzvu`¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`
 `plunj °p^`_.`pFl x `vƒlnowh^u©^egigikoqptv jw||uo{|‰\ £ v jwh8stuow§”i ªd{lnzoqh^\”jmi x `ci ¢ jwiki £ ` x ` Qoqp
4jmu_jwp ”Œtª Ƒtª
!

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
ӎ
  
 

 "!
$#

S“ #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

– "{š  DC™ "Vœ«ž j x ekvzvzy{_ £ luueg`pt`Ÿvu`_©^ig`s”jwvs^uoƦq`p^eg x h2¬²`p^Ãlunjw•q` x `vcvl‰jmluekv Á



lnegŠ{ht`vr_jmekv'©^eg`p x¢ h^p^` x e¨¥ £ u`pt|` x h|oq_.sSowzln`_.`pl x h .”oml'`plnz`ig`v'©Loq x v'vzhfÁ
s £ ueg`h^µ`lQekpt¬ £ ueg`h^ª{‚`ikj x eglQsL`hflzÁ3Ãlnz`5Š{h ¢ h^pt`rvzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp©S`jwh^|owh^s.s^ikhtv«igoqp^•wh^`
x oqp^p^`njwe¨lrh^p^` vuowikhtluekowp-`p-_.oÆyq`p^p^`stikh^v'vyf_ £ lnuegŠFh^`wª

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Ƒ


+   +# 
!+
   # 
 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Ja
  
 

 "!
$#

@    # 
  
   +!

!
   # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 

 2  # 
       #   ! # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Ɠ
  
 

 "!
$#

 ƌ
  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 +

    # 


!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Ɛ
  
 

 "!
$#

 
    
‡roq_©^z` x ` vuoq_._.`luv  2+ maqa
r‡ oq_©^z` x ` sSoqegplnv'vuhtrikj.vzlnzh^|luh^u`  mŒqŒ
ˆZjã¯pt`_.`plZvuh^'ikj.s^jwuoqe …3vuowluuoqsL`
‡roq_©tu` x ` |oqht|‰\^`vZvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vZ®ikj+s”jwzoqe Œ
_.oÆyq`p x hs^u`_.ek`ZsLoqegpFl ( Ž wŒ

   KšU™ , ( &


   ) (
  

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒ
$
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe ŒfªÙŒ
$
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª
&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ
~Djwv x `Qln`_.s^v `l x `iglnjro !_jwegv ik`Qs^ikjmln`jwh x `·s^z`vzvuegoqp`pcjJ¦mjwi x `v9©Sow x v x¢ jmlulnjwŠFh^`
6

`vzlrlnzoqs\”jwhtl  s^© x h³_.o x ]ig` ת@…3i$yj.h^p^` ¬²oqln` x^£ s^z`vzvuegoqp `p³jw_.oqpl x `vƒ©Loq x v
x `+¬²h^eglu`  jw||uo{|‰\”jw•q` x `v4luoqh^z©^ekigigoqp^v׶$_jmekv4i°j x egvuvy{_ £ lnzek`/`vzl_.oqekptv_jwzŠ{h £ `
Š{ht`-sLoqh^.ikj¾vzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp±vuhtig`-_jwegigi°jw•w`³† Á ӎ fª…3|e'`p^|oqz`w¶«ik`v¦mjwze°jãlnegoqp^v x `
s^u`vuvuegoqp-vuoqplrvuh^ £ ¦mjwigh £ `vª
 ' (

Àƒ`v«lnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^v«vu`'¬²oqu_.`pFljwhfÁ x `vzvuh^v x hŸstuow§”i x jmp^v·ig`v«¼owp^`v x `Z|ekvujwegikig`_.`pl5`l


oqpl5ln`p x jwp^|`®+v ¢ jw||uo{|‰\^`VjJ¦mjwpl'ik`vZ©Loq x v x `!¬²h^eglu`wª
ž j/vzoqightlnegoqpUp ¢ `vzl s^jwv!s £ uego x ekŠFh^`.`l st £ vz`pln` x `v!s^\ £ p^oq_.]p^`v©^jwvuvz`.¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`
 `plunj °p^`_.`pFl x `vƒlnowh^u©^egigikoqptv jw||uo{|‰\ £ v jwh8stuow§”i ªd{lnzoqh^\”jmi x `ci ¢ jwiki £ ` x ` Qoqp
4jmu_jwp ”Œtª qª
!

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
  2

 Ǝ
  # 
       #   ! # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
ŽwŒ  
 

 "!
$#

 Ƒ
  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Ž
#

 Ja
    # 
!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
ŽqŽ  
 

 "!
$#

 
   
‡roq_©^z` x ` vuoq_._.`luv maFŽma
r‡ oq_©^z` x ` sSoqegplnv'vuhtrikj.vzlnzh^|luh^u` Žm“qŒ
ˆZjã¯pt`_.`plZvuh^'ikj.s^jwuoqe …3vuowluuoqsL`
‡roq_©tu` x ` |oqht|‰\^`vZvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vZ®ikj+s”jwzoqe Œ
_.oÆyq`p x hs^u`_.ek`ZsLoqegpFl ‘wŒqŒ

     KšU™ , ( &


 
) (
  

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒŽ
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe $ ŒfªÙŒ
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª
&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ
‚`lulu`'vueg_h^ikjmlnegoqp`vl«luu]v«vz`_©^i°jm©^ik`Z®!|`ikig`Zvzh^Qik`5_jwegigi°jw•w`ƒ† Á ӎ fª%Vp.|oqptvzl‰jãln`
6

Ss oqhtzl‰jmpFl Š{ht` i°j±¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`<`plnuj pt`_.`pl x `v8luoqh^u©tekigikowp^vUjw||uo{|‰\ £ vU`vzlUs^igh^v


 ' (

©”jwvuvz`wª„$¦q`| h^p¿¬²`p^Ãlnujw•q` jws^stuoqs^ze £ oqp<jwuzeg¦w` ®8jJ¦qoqeg+h^p^`s^igh^v+•qujwp x `Ÿvzy{_ £ Á


lnueg` x h s^uom§”i x ` s^u`vuvzekoqp½ª

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Žw‘

    # 
       #   ! # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Žma  
 

 "!
$#

 Ɠ
  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Ž


 +   # 


!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Žw“  
 

 "!
$#

 
  $ 


‡roq_©^z` x ` vuoq_._.`luv Ž J“qŒqŒ


#
r‡ oq_©^z` x ` sSoqegplnv'vuhtrikj.vzlnzh^|luh^u`   ӎ
ˆZjã¯pt`_.`plZvuh^'ikj.s^jwuoqe …3vuowluuoqsL`
‡roq_©tu` x ` |oqht|‰\^`vZvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vZ®ikj+s”jwzoqe Œ
_.oÆyq`p x hs^u`_.ek`ZsLoqegpFl ( Ž wŒ

    KšU™ , ( &


   ) (
  

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒ
$
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe ŒfªÙŒ
$
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª
&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ
‚ ¢ `vzl·vuh^Q|`lulu`rvzek_h^ikjmlnegoqpŸŠFh ¢ oqp.¦qoqe¨l«i°j!s^igh^v«•qnjmp x ` x e¨¥ £ u`pt|`ZjƦw`|rh^p_jmekigi°jm•q`
6

wj vzy{_ £ luuegŠ{ht`  ¦qoqeg5Ž{ªÙ‘tª תf…3|eoqp/s”jmvuvu` ®h^p^`Vvzoqikhflnegoqps £ uego x ekŠFh^`!`lÄvzy{_ £ luuegŠFh^`wª


ž$`vÄlnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^v'vzoqplrluoqhm€oqhtuv'jw||uo{|‰\ £ vrvzh^'ik`!stuow§”i½_jmekv5egikv'p^` vzoqpl's^ikhtvZjmunjÓÁ
!

|‰\ £ vªq‚`|e{_owpFluu`·Š{h ¢ h^pt`·lnz]v9i £ •q]z` x e¨¥ £ u`p^|` x jwp^v i ¢ £ ¦mjwigh”jmluekowp x hc|ekvujwegikig`_.`pl


jwhf}¾|owekp^vjw_.oqplnvjw©Loqhtluegl® h^p2•qujwp x |‰\”jwp^•w`_.`pl x jwp^v4i°j ¬²oqu_.` x `i ¢ £ |oqh^ig`Á
_`plJª

 
  KšU™ , ( &
    ) (    ) ™ 

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032 465 7:9 ; !
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
 "
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒ
$
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe $ŒfªÙŒ
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Ž
+

 J
  # 
       #   ! # 

&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ


3… |eDowp›j¦qoqh^ighU¦qoqegVi ¢ egp .”h^`p^|` x hUp^e¨¦q`jwh x `clnhtu©^h^ig`pt|`.ekp、`|l £ `+`p¾`pln £ `wªB´µp
6

s”jwvuvujwpl x ` &®ŸŒtª¤‘ ik`s^uegp^|eks”jmiD`¥S`lƒ`vl x ` x ek_.egp{ht`Vig`p^e¨¦q`jwh x `¦{egvu|oqvue¨l £


lnh^z©^h^ig`pln` x `i ¢ £ |oqh^ig`_.`pl`l x oqp^| x¢ jmh^•q_.`pln`cig`ˆr`y{p^oqi x vc £ `i­ªž ¢ `¥S`l+`vzl


ikoqegp x½¢ Ãlnu`-p £ •wikeg•q`Jjm©^ik`-s^h^egvuŠFh^` ŠFh ¢ oqp u`luuoqhf¦q` ikj›p^owpfÁ3s £ zeko x eg|e¨l £x h^` ®Ui ¢ jw Á
njw|‰\^`_.`pl x `vlnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^vcjw||uo{|‰\ £ v+jmh¿s^uom§”i·`lcikj³i £ •q]u` x ekvzvzy{_ £ lnzek` ŠFh^e«`p
x^£ |oqh^ig`wªS‚`lzln` vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp-u`s^uo x h^e¨l'|`ikig` x h-_jwegikikjw•q`† ÁŽ wŒ  ¦qoqegZŽfª¤‘tª ª
  

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Žw  
 

 "!
$#

  2  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

   KšU™ , ( &  ) ) –  )


         

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒ $
ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe Á
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp ŽmŒqŒtª
&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ
…3|eQoqp¿vzh^s^s^zek_.`Ÿikj-igoqe x `s”jwuoweKª ž$j-|oqp^v £ ŠFh^`p^|``vlcŠFh^`Ÿig`v4lnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^v4p^`vu`
6

¬²oqu_.`plŸs^ikhtv/`lŠFh^`³ik`vŸ¦mjwuekjmlnegoqp^v x ` s^z`vzvuegoqp"vuoqpl jm_owzlneg`vª Vp ¦woqegljwh^vuvze

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 Ž
(2

½ŽwŒ    # 
!
   # 

Š{h ¢ ®+|Jjmh^vu` x ` ikjc•qnjwp x ` vzy{_ £ lnzek` x ` ikj+vueg_h^ikjmlnegoqp¶”i ¢ jwiki £ ` x ` Qowp  jwz_jwp_.`l


©S`jwh^|owh^s x ` lu`_.s^vZ®+v ¢ £ l‰jm©^ikegª
†³jwp^e¨¬²`vln`_.`pFl'|`ƒ_.o x ]ig`ƒp^` x^£ |ue¨l5s”jwv·|oqzu`|ln`_.`pl5ig`ƒ|egvnjmekigik`_.`plr®ikjs”jwzoqe­ª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
‘qŒ  
 

 "!
$#

SŽ   # 
       #   ! # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 ‘
$

SŽqŽ #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
‘Ž  
 

 "!
$#

½Žw‘    # 
!
   # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 ‘q‘

SŽãa  # 
       #   ! # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
‘wa  
 

 "!
$#

SŽ #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 ‘
4

½Žw“    # 
!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
‘q“  
 

 "!
$#

 
    

‡roq_©^z` x ` vuoq_._.`luv 42 a wq‘q“


r‡ oq_©^z` x ` sSoqegplnv'vuhtrikj.vzlnzh^|luh^u`  JŒqŒqŒ
ˆZjã¯pt`_.`plZvuh^'ikj.s^jwuoqe …3vuowluuoqsL`
‡roq_©tu` x ` |oqht|‰\^`vZvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vZ®ikj+s”jwzoqe Œ
_.oÆyq`p x hs^u`_.ek`ZsLoqegpFl Ž wŒ
(

     KšU™ , ( &


   ) (
  

[ h^u©th^ik`p^|` qÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp³vl‰jwp x jw x `l'igoqe x ` s”jmuoqe


032"46587:9 ; 
ˆr`y{p^oqi x v
! #"
"! #
~Djwv x `!ln`_.s^v ŒfªÙŒqŒ

ÀZ`i¨l‰j x ` i°j.ikowe x ` s”jwzoqe ŒfªÙŒ$
[ `_.s^v'lnoml‰jwi x `4ikj+vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp  Jq‘tª
&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ
ž$`+s^jwv x `cln`_.s^v vu`_©^ig`©LoqpU_jwegv!ekip ¢ y j s^jwv x¢ jw_ £ igekoqujmlnegoqp8s”jm!njws^sLoql jwh
6

_jmekigi°jm•q`d 4† Á Ž wŒ  ¦woqekZŽfª fª ª@ž$j.vuoqightluekoqp`vlƒstu`vzŠFh^`e x `pluekŠFh^`_jmekvrik`4|owÅtl


x h-|jwig|h^i$j+`}fs^igoqv £  !€oqhtuv5vuhtrhtp³~µa®Ž \^¼ ª
&%  3 !

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 ‘
4+

SŽ(+  # 
       #   ! # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
‘q  
 

 "!
$#

SŽw  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 ‘
2

½Ž(2    # 
!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
aŒ  
 

 "!
$#

 
  $ 
    

‡Zoq_©^u` x ` vuow__.`lnv qŽ Žw“Žãa


‡Zoq_©^u` x ` sLoqekpluvrvzh^'i°j.vzluuh^|lnh^z` ӎ #
ˆrjm¯p^`_.`pFlZvuhtrikj+s”jwzoqe …3vzowlnzoqSs `
|oqh^|‰\t`vrvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vƒ®.ikj.s”jwuowe Ž
_oÆyw`p x h-s^z`_.eg`rsSoqegpl


  KšU™ , ( &


      ) 6 
[ h^u©^htik`p^|` ÁÂ`s^vzekgi oqp-©^ek|oqh^|‰\^`  qÁÂiB`lrvzlnjwp x jw x 
0 2"465 7+9 ; 
ˆ'`y{p^owi x v
! "
"! #
~9jwv x `!ln`_stv ŒfªÙŒ $
Àƒ`iglnj x ` ikj+ikoqe x `4s^jwuoqe Á
|owh^|‰\^`vr¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe ‘
ˆr`yfptoqi x vrigeg_e¨ln`4¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe

"!
[ `_.s^v'lnowlnjwi x `4ikj.vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp ŽmŒqŒtª


&Lš¿š "  (   "{˜wœ


…3|e½owpj|‰\”jwpt• £Vx `Z_o x ]ik`V`p`vzs £ njwpl5_.eg`hf} x^£ |uegu`Vig`vļoqp^`v x `V|ekvujwekigig`_.`plnv
6

jwhf}8|oqegp^v `l vuht!ik`+s^zow§”i­ªBžB`+_.o x ]ik`.`vzl ©^e Á3|oqh^|‰\^`.| ¢ `vl® x ekz`+Š{ht`stu]v x `+ikj


s”jwuowe  ¼oqp^` 4oqp hflnegikegvu`/htp _o x ]ik`®-h^p^` £ ŠFh”jãlnegoqp  ¾`vl+|Jjwig|hti £ €h^vzŠFh ¢ ® ikj
s”jwuowe 5`lƒi°jŸigoqp^•wh^`h^ x `_ £ i°jwpt•q`c`vl x owp^p £ s”jmZh^pt`¬²oqu_h^ig`cjwig• £ ©tuegŠ{ht`wªÀƒjwp^v


i°j+¼owp^`Ž.oqp htluekigegvu`4h^p-_.o x ]ig` qÁ3`stvuegikoqpvzlnjwp x jm x ª


~ oqh^ x^£ ikeg_.eglu`'ik`v x `hf}¼oqp^`v'oqp htlnegikegvu` x `hf} |zeglu]z`vª@žB` s^z`_.ek` x oqp^p^`!ig`
p^oq_©tu` x `Ÿ|oqh^|‰\t`/_jã}fek_h^_ x `Ÿi°j³stu`_.eg]z`|oqh^|‰\t`  eg|e·oqp j³s^zekvp^| , ‘ תžB`
vu`|oqp x x oqptp^`Vig`Vp^oq_©^u` x `!ˆr`y{p^oqi x v5ikeg_.eglu` x `Vikjcs^z`_.ek]u`!|oqh^|‰\^`  ©”jwv £ vuh^Äikj
x ekvl‰jwpt|`/® ikjs”jmuoqe ¶$eg|eQoqp¾s^uegv wª¤` fª9‚ ¢ `vzl x oqp^|ik`s^u`_.ek`|ue¨ln]z`ŸŠFh^eQigek_.e¨ln`
 "
¦fujweg_`plJª
~ oqh^Š{ht`|`Ÿ_.o x ]ig`¬²oqp^|lnegoqp^p^`egi«`vzlp £ |`vuvujwegu`/ŠFh^`ik`s^u`_eg`sSowekplvuoqe¨l
lnu]vZstuo{|‰\^` x `4ikjs^jwuoqe  ª@~ oqh^'|` ¬­jwegu`m¶Lig`vr_jwegikikjw•q`vZoqpl £ l £ ujm¯p £ vZ®
i°j+s”jwzoqe­ª^…3|e$oqpjŽ.|oqh^|‰\^`vZvzh^s^s^i £ _.`pFlnjwegu`vVjƦw`|4i°j+s^z`_.eg]u`® ; fª



žB`8 £ vuhtiglnjml`vzlig`8_.`egikig`h^ oq©fln`pFh €h^vuŠFh ¢ ®<s^ £ vu`plªZž$j¿vzoqikhflnegoqp `vzl p^owpfÁ


 

s £ uego x egŠFh^`V_jwegvegiSp ¢ yjs”jmv x `Z©”jwvuvz`vĬ² £ ŠFh^`pt|`vª”´µp/`¥S`lÄekiLp ¢ yŸjs”jwv x½¢ jw||zomÁ

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 a 

L‘wŒ  # 
       #   ! # 

|‰\”jw•q` x `Zluoqh^u©tekigikowp^v`l|`hf}FÁ3|ejwsts”jwnjmekvzvu`pl©S`jwh^|owh^s/s^igh^v·l wl x jwp^v·i°j4¼oqp^` x `


|egvnjwegikig`_.`pFlcjw_.oqplJª ‚`i°j |oqp x h^e¨l® ikj st £ vz`p^|` x¢ h^pU¦{njweµs^ikjmlu`Jjwh x `.s^u`vuvzekoqp


vuh^'ig`4stuow§”i­¶ x ` s^igh^vrjJ¦q`|4ig`4©Loqp p^e¨¦q`jwhª


~ `luegl© £ _.oqi5ik`v¦mjwze°jãlnegoqp^v x `s^u`vuvuegoqp vu`_©^ig`pl/vzh^ £ ¦wjmikh £ `v_jmekv|oq_._.`
oqp³i ¢ j x e¨lƒ`p ekpluuo x h^|luekowp¶Sig`vZ_.`vuhtu`vƒ`}fs £ ueg_.`pl‰jwig`v x `|`lulu`•qujwp x `h^Zptoqh^v
vu`_©^ig`vzhm€`lzln`vZ®.|Jjwhtluekowpª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
aFŽ  
 

 "!
$#

L‘$ #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 a‘

S‘Ž   # 
!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
aqa  
 

 "!
$#

S‘q‘    # 
!
   # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 a
&

 
  $ 
    
‡Zoq_©^u` x ` vuow__.`lnv Ž Ɛma #
‡Zoq_©^u` x ` sLoqekpluvrvzh^'i°j.vzluuh^|lnh^z` ӎ #
ˆrjm¯p^`_.`pFlZvuhtrikj+s”jwzoqe …3vzowlnzoqSs `
|oqh^|‰\t`vrvzlnzh^|luh^ £ `vƒ®.ikj.s”jwuowe +
_oÆyw`p x h-s^z`_.eg`rsSoqegpl Ž


  KšU™ , ( &


      ) 6  
[ h^u©^htik`p^|` ÁÂ`s^vzekgi oqp-©^ek|oqh^|‰\^`  qÁÂiB`lrvzlnjwp x jw x 
0 2"465 7+9 ; 
ˆ'`y{p^owi x v
! "
"! #
~9jwv x `!ln`_stv ŒfªÙŒ $
Àƒ`iglnj x ` ikj+ikoqe x `4s^jwuoqe Á
|owh^|‰\^`vr¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe Ɠ
ˆr`yfptoqi x vrigeg_e¨ln`4¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe

$!
[ `_.s^v'lnowlnjwi x `4ikj.vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp “qŽ  ©^igo ת



&Lš¿š "  (   "{˜wœ


!p¾j/¦qowh^ikh £ luh x eg` i ¢ `¥S`l x h¾njã¯pt`_.`pl®ikjs”jwzoqevuht4ig`v  £ vuhtiglnjmlnvª „ZhUikeg`h
6

x `Ž+|oqh^|‰\^`vƒvzh^s^s^i £ _.`plnjwekz`vZoqp-`p³j+uj、oqhtl £ f¶”i°j+s^z`_.eg]u` £ lnjwplZ® ; fª


+
~ oqh^$ig`«_.o x ]ig`Q©^e Á3|owh^|‰\^`w¶Æikj5s^u`_.ek]u`«¼oqp^`Q`vzl x^£ igeg_e¨l £ `·s^jwBik`v Ɠ5s^u`_eg]z`v
 

x `_.e Á3|owh^|‰\^`vƒ`lZs”jwrh^p8ˆ'`y{p^oqi x vƒigeg_e¨ln` x `Ž wŒtªLž$jvzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp8j`×}fs^ikowv £x jwp^v




ik`Z|Jjwig|h^i x `v|Jjwujw|l £ uegvzluekŠFh^`v'ª VpŸ¦woqe¨lÄeg|e½ig`ƒstuoq©^ig]_.` x½¢ htluekigegvu` x `vÄ_jwegigik`vlnz]v




£ lneg £ `vµ®Zi°jƒs^jwuoqe{jJ¦q`|5|`·|o x `w¶mik`v|Jjwujw|l £ zekvlnegŠ{ht`vµuegvuŠFh”jmpFl x `Äv ¢ `ptuoqh^ig`jwhtlnowh^


x¢ htp-sLoqegpFlª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
a“  
 

 "!
$#

L‘ma  # 
       #   ! # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 a
&+

L‘4 #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
a  
 

 "!
$#

S‘q“    # 
!
   # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 a
42

 
      

‡roq_©tu` x ` vuoq_._.`luv ƑqŽma


Z‡ oq_©^u` x ` sSowekplnv'vzh^'i°j+vzluuh^|lnh^z` ‘ m“
4
ˆrjm¯p^`_.`pFlZvuhtrikj.s”jwuowe „ƒhf}|oqegp^vZjw_.oqplnv
‡Zoq_©^u` x ` |owh^|‰\^`vrvzluuh^|lnh^ £ `vV®+i°j.s”jwzoqe Ž
_.oÆyq`p x hs^z`_.ek`'sSoqegpl 

    KšU™ , ( &


    ) 6 
[ h^u©^htik`p^|` ÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp-©^ek|oqh^|‰\^`  qÁÂiB`lrvzlnjwp x jw x 
0 2"465 7+9 ; 
ˆ'`y{p^owi x v
! "
"! #
~9jwv x `!ln`_stv ŒfªÙŒ $
Àƒ`iglnj x ` ikj+ikoqe x `4s^jwuoqe Á
|owh^|‰\^`vr¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe +
ˆr`yfptoqi x vrigeg_e¨ln`4¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe

$!
[ `_.s^v'lnowlnjwi x `4ikj.vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp ŽmŒqŒtª


&Lš¿š "  (   "{˜wœ


$ž `ƒ_jmekigi°jm•q` d † Á ӎ `vzl'ujm¯p £ ®cikjcs”jwzoqe½`lrjwhf}Ÿ|oqegp^v'jw_.oqplnvª”žB`V £ vuh^i¨l‰jãl'vu`
6

njws^stuo{|‰\^` x `.i°jvzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp x `+ £ ¬ £ u`p^|`  ¦woqek4Ž{ª fª Z_jwegv s^ikjmln`jwh x `+s^u`vuvzekoqp


&% ' (
)+ !
`vzlQluoqhm€oqh^zvlnzoqs\^jwhtlQ`l«egi^y.j!`p^|oqu`'h^pt`'lu`p x jwp^|`Z® jw||uo{|‰\^`«ig`vµlnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^vª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(

  
 

 "!
$#

L‘+  # 
       #   ! # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 #

L‘q  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(

  
 

 "!
$#

S‘2    # 
!
   # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 w‘



  
      
‡roq_©tu` x ` vuoq_._.`luv Ƒ JŒwa
 $
Z‡ oq_©^u` x ` sSowekplnv'vzh^'i°j+vzluuh^|lnh^z` 4‘ m“
ˆrjm¯p^`_.`pFlZvuhtrikj.s”jwuowe „ƒhf}|oqegp^vZjw_.oqplnv
‡Zoq_©^u` x ` |owh^|‰\^`vrvzluuh^|lnh^ £ `vV®+i°j.s”jwzoqe +
_.oÆyq`p x hs^z`_.ek`'sSoqegpl Ž

    KšU™ ,  ( &


     )
    6  
[ h^u©^htik`p^|` ÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp-©^ek|oqh^|‰\^`  qÁÂiB`lrvzlnjwp x jw x 
0 2"465 7+9 ; 
ˆ'`y{p^owi x v
! "
"! #
~9jwv x `!ln`_stv ŒfªÙŒ $
Àƒ`iglnj x ` ikj+ikoqe x `4s^jwuoqe Á
|owh^|‰\^`vr¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe  Ɠ
ˆr`yfptoqi x vrigeg_e¨ln`4¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe

$!
[ `_.s^v'lnowlnjwi x `4ikj.vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp ‘w“ fª

4

&Lš¿š "  (   "{˜wœ


D~ jw·njws^sLoql5®ikjvueg_hti°jmluekowps^ £ | £x `pln`m¶^oqp/uj、oqhtlu` x `vsSoqegplnv·s^u]v x `Vikjs”jwzoqe­ª
6

!p |oqp^vzlnjmln`!`p^|owu` h^pi £ •q`'jw||zof|‰\”jm•q` x `vÄluoqh^u©tekigikowp^v'vuh^'ig`!s^uow§^i_jwekv'| ¢ `vzl


ik`.s^igh^v4sS`lne¨l_jwegigi°jw•w`vzh^ ik`Š{ht`i«oqp›ow©tlneg`pl x `.©Soqptv4 £ vzh^iglnjmlnvª‚ ¢ `vl|`igh^eQŠFh^e
vu`ujhflnegikegv £ sLoqh^'vueg_h^ig`rh^p^` oqvz|egikikjmluekoqp ¬²oqz| £ `mª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
ma
  
 

 "!
$#

@aqΠ # 
       #   ! # 

  
  KšU™ ,  ( & " ӗN) Kš " ( &S˜ * ,, ( &  &' *q— "
    4  

[ h^u©^htik`p^|` ÁÂ`s^vzekigoqp-©^ek|oqh^|‰\^`  qÁÂiB`lrvzlnjwp x jw x 


0 2"465 7+9 ; 
ˆ'`y{p^owi x v
! "
"! #
~9jwv x `!ln`_stv ŒfªÙŒ $
Àƒ`iglnj x ` ikj+ikoqe x `4s^jwuoqe Á
|owh^|‰\^`vr¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe Ɠ

ˆr`yfptoqi x vrigeg_e¨ln`4¼owp^` s^uo{|‰\^`ÁÂs”jwzoqe

$!
†³jwegigi°jw•w`4_.oq©tekig` Vvu|wª^¬²owu| £ `wª 
;  


[ `_.s^v'lnowlnjwi x `4ikj.vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp + mŒqŒtª

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 

@a 
  #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

&Lš¿š "  (    "{˜wœ


‚ `|e9`vlVikjvu`h^ig`cvueg_h^ikjmluekoqp x½¢ egpln`ujw|luekowp .”h^e x `ÁÂvzlnzh^|luh^u`Š{ht`p^oqhtv!jJ¦qoqp^vZ £ jãÁ
6

ikegv £ ª VpŸ|oqp^vze x ]u`VhtpŸ|Jjmv x¢ oqvu|ekigikjmlnegoqp¬²owu| £ `ƒvzh^ig`Zstikh^v·sS`lne¨l_jwegigi°jw•w` x owp^p”jwpl


x ` ©Soqptv+ £ vzh^i¨l‰jmluv x jmp^v+ik`v|jwv+s^ £ | £x `pluvª·ž ¢ jwp^•wik` x¢ jmlulnjwŠFh^` `vl x oqp^p £ s”jw 
 ; ! !   
 !o  `vzlh^p^`s^h^igvnjmluekoqp¾eg_sLoqv £ `wª ž$j Š{h^jwplne¨l £ ekpl £ u`vÁ
vnjwpln`®Uu`•jw x `.`vlig`|o{`¯|eg`pl  x¢ jm_owzlnegvuvz`_.`pl‚5†-_.… x oqp^p £x jwp^vp^owlnz`
|Jjwv!s”jm!i°jŸ¬²oqz_h^ig`  ;     7   !#"$%& ' (׶ x¢ jmhtl‰jwpl s^igh^v!ŠFh ¢ h^p^`
`}fs £ ueg`p^|` x *` )¿jmvu\^eg¼h¾`l jmiDp^oqhtv!sS`u_.`l x `c¦mjwige x `!p^owv! £ vzh^i¨l‰jmluvª rp2‚5†_…
p £ •jãlne¨¬vueg•qp^e¨§”`4ŠFh^`ig` s^uom§”iB`vlƒegp^vzlnjw©^ig`®.ikj+¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`|oqp^vze xt£  £ `wªSžB`vrvueg_h^ikjãÁ
lnegoqp^vµikjw_.ekp”jmekz`vQ`¥S`|lnh £ `vvzh^µh^p_jwekigikjw•q`5•qzoqvuvzek` x oqp^p”jweg`pl x `5©Loqp^vQ £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnv
® \^jwhtln`'¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`Z_jwegv«vuoqh^v Á3`vzlneg_jweg`plÄig`Z‚5†-_.…µ®!©”jwvuvz`r¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`mªtÀVjmp^v·|`lzln`
vueg_h^ikjmlnegoqp oqp›¦qoqe¨l+ŠFh^`/ig` ‚5†-_.… `vl.jwh¿|oqplnnjmekz`/i°jmu•q`_`pl+vuh^ £ ¦mjwigh £ ªD…3i·`vzl

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(

  
 

 "!
$#

LaFŽ   # 
!
   # 

s^uoq©^jw©^ig`ŠFh^`|`ikj`vzl x Å jwh{}-jw||uo{|‰\”jw•q`vƒ £ vue x h^`ikv x `4luoqh^u©tekigikowp^vƒŠFh^e$oqplZh^p^`


•qnjwp x `egp .”ht`p^|`vuhtƒikj¦mjwig`h^ x h³_.oq_.`pFlª rp^`vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp s^igh^vrikowp^•qh^`4oqh³vzh^
h^p-stikh^v'•qzoqv'_jwekigikjw•q`!sLoqh^uujwe¨l x oqp^p^` x ` _`ekigig`h^zvƒ £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnvª
–"{š  DC™ "Vœ”i°j4vueg_h^ikjmluekoqpŸp ¢ j4s”jwv £ l £ sLoqh^zvuh^e¨¦{e½®4\”jwhtlu`r¬² £ ŠFh^`pt|`V®4|Jjwhtvu` x `v
•qnjwp x ln`_.s^v x `!|jwig|h^igvZeg_.s^igekŠFh £ v  i°j+vzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp-sLoqh^|`vZŽ¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`vZjc|oqÅfl £
“V€owh^uv x ` |Jjmik|h^iBvuh^'h^ps^zof|`vuvz`h^Z~µaŸ®Ž !\^¼ ת

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 +

La‘    # 
!
   # 

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(

  
 

 "!
$#

@awa  # 
       #   ! # 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 (2

@a& #    #  
     +

' 
 ! # 
  +

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
“qŒ  
 

 "!
$#

”a“   
 #  ' #  
 !   # 
 #  

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 “
$


 


( "{˜š   ,, )'"{˜wœ


 Bž `vÄ_jwegikikjw•q`v'jJ¦q`| & (ƘVvuh^Äig`Vs^zow§”iSoqpl5_.oqpln £ Š{h ¢ egikv' £ vuowig¦mjweg`pl
_jwiµik`v|oqekptvjw_.oqpluv_jwegvegikv4vu`_©^ig`pl+vzht¯vnjwpluvcsSowh^ x^£ |uegu`Ÿikj x yfp^jãÁ

  

_.ekŠFh^`Äluoqh^u©tekigikowp^p”jwegu`  ¦qoqegQŽfªÙŽfªÙŽ ª Zp+s^jwv x `Älu`_.s^v x `5Œtª¤ŒŽZ`vlQp £ |`vzvnjwegu`


$  Œtª¤Œ x jmp^vZig` |Jjwv x ` _jwegikikjw•q`v'njm¯p £ vZ®.ikj.s^jwuoqe ª
 žB`vQ_jwekigikjw•q`v·jJ¦q`| & (Ә5vuh^«ik`rs^zow§”i x^£ |ue¨¦q`plÄ_.ek`hf}i ¢ £ |oqh^ig`_.`pl
jwhf} |oqegp^v'`l x `_jwp x `plZh^p-s^jwv x `!ln`_.s^v x `4Œtª¤Œ  ¦woqegƒŽ{ªÙ‘tª ת

   
$ !
 & (ӘVvuh^5ig`!s^zow§”i½p ¢ jwstsSoqln`pFl'zek`p x `!_.ek`hf} `l'ow©^ikeg•q` ®ch^plu`_.s^v
x ` |Jjwig|htiBs^uoq\tek©^e¨lne¨¬  ¦qoqegZŽfª¤“tª ª
   

 ž$j³˜ $$š›— ( " x `vc_jwegikikjw•q`vpt`Ÿvuhts^s^ueg_.`/s”jwvik`v x egvuvy{_ £ lnzek`v+oq©^vu`z¦ £ `v
x jwp^vDik`vs^uom§”ikv x `Äs^z`vuvzekowp  ¦qoqegQŽfª fªÙŽ ªm‚`hf}FÁ3|ets^uoƦ{ek`p^p^`pFl«©^eg`p x½¢ jw||zomÁ


|‰\”jw•q`vÄ`l x¢ `plnuj pt`_.`pl x `rlnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^v x ekvzvzy{_ £ luuegŠ{ht`vr|Jjw«lnu]vvz`p^vzek©^ig`v


3

jwhf}2sS`zluh^u©”jãlnegoqp^v+jwi £ jãlnoqegu`v  `zu`h^uv+pFh^_ £ zekŠFh^`v +jw_.oqplnvªµÀƒ`s^igh^v+|`v


£ ¦w]p^`_`plnv!oqpl x `vZ¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`vVs^igh^vƒ©”jmvuvu`vVŠFh^`|`igik`cjwvuvzof|e £ `v!®i°j• £ p £ Á
njmluekowp x `v5lnoqhtu©^egikigoqp^v¶ x h^ujwpl'h^p^` vueg_h^ikjmluekoqp-oqp p^` ik`v'oq©^vu`z¦w`ŠFh^`4‘+oqh
a+¬²oqekv¶”`l'| ¢ `vzlZ|` ŠFh^e$s^uoƦqo{ŠFh^` |`v x egvuvy{_ £ lnzek`vª
 Zp   "{š " ( ^™ Q * & ˜ ”š & (ӘsL`u_.`l x¢ ow©tln`p^ek x `c_.`egikig`htuv! £ Á
vuh^i¨l‰jãlnvrjJ¦q`|4h^pp^oq_©^u` x ` sLoqekpluvZs^igh^v'sL`lne¨l  ¦woqekZŽfª tª ª
   
2 !
 Z p   "{š " ( ,    & p ¢ jws^sLoqln`Vzek`pvue½owp|oqp^vz`¦q` h^p_.o x ]ig`Vikowe
x `s^jwuoqe _jwegvVeki9sS`u_.`l x¢ hflnegikegvu`!h^p _.o x ]ig`c©^e Á3|owh^|‰\^`+ŠFh^eDigh^e x oqp^pt` x `
   

_.`egikig`h^zvZ £ vzh^iglnjmlnvª
 ¡Degp”jwig`_.`plQig`Ä_jwekigikjw•q` J$LNMO
NO NO$L s”jwujweglDÃluu`Äig`5_.`egikig`h^µ|oq_.s^uow_egv
s^h^egvuŠFh^`/ŠFh ¢ h^p¿_jwegigi°jw•w`Ÿs^igh^vsL`lueglp^`sS`u_.`ls”jwv x `vz` x^£ ©”jwuujwvuvz` x `v
jw||uo{|‰\”jw•q`v x `!lnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^v  ¦woqegrstikh^vr©”jwv ª

( "{˜š & (, "{˜(" Ó( ™ ™ , "  * "@œ


 ( "³š & ( , " ( " ,&  ( "    & D`vlZowstlneg_h^_ jƦw`|4h^p x `i¨l‰j x `4Œtª¤Œ _jmekv'egi
`vl5ekpt|Jjws”jm©^ik` x ` x^£ |uegu`!|owuu`|lu`_.`plrik`v5¼oqpt`v x `V|ekvujwekigig`_.`plƒjwhf}Ÿ|oqegp^v
 $

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
“Ž  
 

 "!
$#

`lƒ®ikjs^jwuoqe­ª@…3i jw©Sowhtlne¨lV®.h^p³jw||uo{|‰\”jw•q` x `vrlnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^vrvuh^Zik`4s^zow§”i$ŠFh^e


vuoqpl!`plnnj p £ v s^ikhtv!oqh8_.oqekptv!s £ uego x egŠFh^`_.`pFl  ©”jwvuvz`v!¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`v `l!ŠFh^e
x egvuvzy{_ £ luuegvu`pFlVik` s^zow§”i x ` s^z`vzvuegoqp  ¦qoqegZŽfªÙ‘fª ת

  ˜ , & ( "   & ¶Bikj vue¨lnh”jmluekowp›`vzl`p^|oqu`s^ekz`sth^ekvzŠFh^`Ÿig`|ekvujwegikig`_.`pl
`vlZvzoqh^v Á £ ¦mjwigh £ jwh sSowekpl x `!¬­jwegu` x egvus”jmnj klnz`4ig`v'lnowh^u©^egigikoqptv  ¦qoqegZŽfª fªÙ‘ ª
    
3
 ( "¿š & (, " )+* &L™ * " x oqptp^`.ik`v4_.`ekigik`h^uv4 £ vuh^i¨l‰jãlnvª9dfht4ig`+_jwegikikjw•q`®
Ž wŒ+sLoqekpluv¶SŽ.|oqh^|‰\^`vƒvzh^s^s^i £ _.`plnjwekz`v!jJ¦w`|htp³s^z`_.ek`ZsLoqegplƒjmvuvu`¼\”jmhtl


x oqp^pt`pl!ig`c_.`egikig`h^ƒ £ vzh^i¨l‰jml¶½i ¢ eg_.sSoql‰jwpl!vz`_©^ik`+Ãlnz` x `cs^ikjw|`VikjŸigek_.e¨ln`




`plnz`ig`v x `hf}-¼owp^`v!®h^p^`+jmigluegluh x `stuo{|‰\^` x ` ; $! !  ¦qowekVŽfª {ª ת Zp


s^u`_.ek`sLoqekpls^ikhtvÄs^u]v x `Zi°js”jwuoweL|oqp x hteglÄ®h^p^`ƒ`}fs^igoqvuegoqp x `Zi°j4vueg_h^ikjãÁ
  )+ 

lnegoqp x Å4®5i°j5p^oqp |oqp¦q`z•q`pt|` x h4|jwig|h^i x `v$|Jjwujw|l £ uegvzluekŠFh^`vDs^z]v x `µikj5s”jwuowe


 ¦woqekƒŽfª¤tª ª@„$¦q`|h^p _jwegikikjw•q`® wsLoqegplnvƒvzh^rik`s^uow§^i  njm¯p £ jwh-|oqegp^v
jw_.oqplnv 'ig`vZ_`ekigig`h^zvV £ vuh^i¨l‰jmluvVvuowpFlZoq©tlu`pFh^v!jJ¦w`| .p^oqht¦w`igik`v!|oqht|‰\^`vV`l
!  +

h^p s^u`_.ek`5sSoqegplr® ;  ¦qoqegrŽfª ƌtª ª^†³jwig•q £ luoqhtl5|` x `zp^ek`'_jmekigi°jm•q`


+

p ¢ js”jmv £ l £ vzht¯vnjwplƒsSoqht £ ikeg_.ekpt`ƒig`vƒjw||uo{|‰\”jw•q`v x `4luoqh^u©tekigikowp^v¶L|`4ŠFh^e


  ! !

j|oqp x h^egl®h^p^`._jwht¦mjwegvu`.`vzlneg_jmlnegoqp x h¾|o{`¯|eg`pl x¢ jm_owzlnegvuvz`_.`pl`p


 £ •qek_.` x¢ oqvu|ekigikjmlnegoqp ¬²oqu| £ `  ¦woqekZŽfª ƌtªÙŽ ת
!

 O  Ä #   #
žB`vZs^z`_.eg]u`vVvueg_hti°jmluekowp^vVjJ¦q`| x `vƒ_jwegikikjw•q`vZptoqp³ujm¯p £ vZ®ikjs^jwuoqeB`l x `v
_o x ]ik`v qÁÂ`vustekigoqp/jJ¦w`|roqhvujwp^vQigoqe x `'s”jwzoqe^oqpl«_.oqpln £ ŠFh ¢ `p`¥S`l«i ¢ £ |oqh^ig`_.`pl
£ l‰jmeglƒ_jmi x^£ |ue¨lJª½~µikh^vƒekp^ŠFh^e £ lnjwplJ¶`ikig`v!owpFlƒ_.oqpln £ Š{ht` x `csL`lne¨lnvƒ|‰\”jwp^•q`_.`plnv
sSoqhf¦wjmek`pFlQegp x htekz` x `5•wuoqvzvu`vµ¦mjwze°jmluekowp^v x jwp^vµvuj ¬²oqz_.`  ¦qowekQig`v x e¨¥ £ u`pt|`v«`pluu`
ik`vV_jwekigikjw•q`vƒjwvzy{_ £ luuegŠFh^`v `lVvzy{_ £ lnzekŠFh^`v  ¦qowekVŽfªÙ‘fª c`l Žfª fª ¶Loqh8jJ¦w`|c_.oqegp^v
x `!¦fegvu|oqvue¨l £ lnhtu©^h^ig`plu`  ¦qoqegZŽfª {ªçŽ ת
 3 !

ž$j!s^zekp^|eks^jwik`'|jwh^vu` x `'|`vQ_jmht¦mjwekvz`v«s^ £x eg|lnegoqp^vQvz`_©tik`ZÃlnz`5i°j p £ |`vzvue¨l £rx `


)

©^ek`p xt£ |zekz` i°j.¼oqpt` x `!|egvnjwegikig`_.`pFlƒ• £ p £  £ `jmhf}|oqekptvƒjw_.oqpluvr`l'i°jc¬­j oqp x oqpl


ik`v«luoqh^u©tekigikowp^vQekpln`njw•wekvzvu`plÄjƦw`|Zik`'s^zow§”i­ªFž$` x^£ ¬­jwhtl«oq©^vz`¦ £ ig`'s^igh^v·vzoqht¦w`plÄ`vzl
i°jlu`p x jwp^|`.®Ÿjw||uo{|‰\^`Vig`vZlnoqh^z©^egikigoqp^vVvzh^Vig`cs^zow§”iDŠFh^e9vuoqpl!`p^vuhteglu`+`plnuj pt`
s”jw5ig` .^owlJªL‚`|eBŠFh^e$• £ pt]u` x `v's^\ £ ptoq_.]p^`vƒ©”jwvzvu`vr¬² £ ŠFh^`pt|`vZp^oqps^\y{vuegŠ{ht`vª
´µpt§^p³i ¢ htluekigegvnjmluekoqp x¢ h^p³_.o x ]ig` x `!lnh^z©^h^ig`p^|`©^e Á3|oqh^|‰\^`j+sS`u_.egv x ` z`s^zomÁ
x h^egu`³htp £ |owh^ik`_.`pl s^igh^vŸs^\y{vuegŠFh^`  ¦woqek/Žfª fª ª·~9oqh^l‰jwplŸi ¢ htlnegigekvujmlnegoqp x `-|`
_o x ]ik`p^`¦mjs”jwvvujwp^vsSoqvz`s^uoq©tik]_`mªD´µp¿s^jwzluek|h^ikeg`ekiQp £ |`vuvue¨ln` x `vsLoqegplnv
3+ 

È²É ÊBȲË
 - #  +# 
 
 “q‘
lnu]vŸs^z]v x `³ikj›s”jmuoqe'`l x oqp^| x `v_jwekigig`vluu]v £ luek £ `v  ®¾_owekp^v x `³_jwegigi°jw•w`v
©S`jwh^|owh^sŸlnzoqs/•qzoqvת V·ik`v_ £ lu\^o x `v5pFh^_ £ zekŠFh^`v x `!‡Vd{… ‘ £ jw•qegvuvu`pl5_jwi½®|`
•q`p^z` x `·• £ ow_ £ lnzek`mªw´µpcs”jmzlneg|htikeg`ig`|jwig|h^i x `v9|Jjwujw|l £ zekvlnegŠ{ht`vµp^`·|oqp¦q`u•q`s”jwv
s^u]v x `v s”jwzoqegvVŠFh”jwp x ik`v!_jwekigig`v vuoqpl!luuoqs8sL`lueglu`vª rp¾jwhtlnz`cs^zoq©^ig]_.`.`vzl ikj
l‰jwegikig` x `vÄ_jwegikikjw•q`vÄ`lÄik`vÄsS`lne¨lnvÄs^jwv x `Zln`_.s^vŠ{hte½|owp x h^egvu`pFlr® x `vÄvzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp^v
•qoqh^z_jmp x `v`pŸlu`_.s^v x `Z|Jjwig|h^i­ª”‚`|eptoqh^vÄj|oqp x h^egl5®`vzvnjJyq` x `V_.ekptek_.egvu`5ikj
l‰jwegikig` x h _jwekigikjw•q` sSowh^5ik` |jwik|h^i$`p £ •qek_.`!¬²oqz| £ ª
‚`lulu` x `up^eg]z`Ävueg_h^ikjmluekoqpp ¢ jrs”jwv x oqp^p £ ig`vD £ vzh^iglnjmlnv9ŠFh^`p^owh^vD`vus £ uegoqp^vªw´µp
`¥S`lZp^oqh^vƒjmlulu`p x egoqp^vZh^p^`jw_ £ igekownjmluekoqp x `ikj.s^ £x ek|lnegoqp x h³|o{`¯|eg`pl x½¢ jw_.oq Á
lnegvuvu`_.`pl x jwp^v!ig`v ©”jwvzvu`v ¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`v x `c¬²oq jw•q`cs^htekvzŠ{ht`| ¢ `vzl x jwptv!|`lzln`+¼oqp^`
Š{ht`ikj+Š{h^jwike¨l £4x ` ikj x `vu|uegstlnegoqp x `4ikj x y{p”jw_.ekŠFh^` x `vrluoqh^u©tekigikowp^v x `¦mjwe¨lZÃlnz`4ikj
s^ikhtvµvu`ptvueg©^ik`mª !µ|`lzln`5vueg_hti°jmluekowpŸj x owp^p £5x `v«|of`¯|eg`plnv«i°jmu•q`_`plQvuh^s £ zek`h^uv
®.|`hf} jmlulu`p x htv  ¦qoqegrŽfª ƌtªÙŽ ª”dfeoqp `}tjw_.egp^` `p x^£ lnjwegiik` x^£ uoqhtik`_`pl x `4ikj+vue Á
_h^ikjmlnegoqp<oqp |oqp^vzlnjmln`ŠFh^` x `v.jwznjw|‰\^`_.`plnv©”jwvzvu`v+¬² £ ŠFh^`pt|`v x `/luoqh^z©^ekigigoqp^v
!

vuoqpl4s^ £ vu`pFluvª9‚`v ¬² £ ŠFh^`p^|`v £ l‰jmpFl x hU_.Ã_.`oq x u`+ŠFh^`|`igig` x h¾¬²oq Jjw•w`+vuoqpl


s^uoq©^jw©^ig`_.`plZ®ci ¢ oqzek•qegp^` x `!i°jc_jwht¦mjwegvu`!`vzluek_jmluekoqp x h |of`¯|ek`pl x½¢ jw_.oqlnegvuvz`Á
_`plJª
¡9ekp”jmik`_`plJ¶Óik`v9vzek_h^ikjmlnegoqp^vD®'\^jwhtl9ˆr`y{p^oqi x vDjJ¦w`| x `v _o x ]ik`v x `µluh^u©^htik`p^|`
_oÆyw`p^p £ `vz`_©^ik`plluu]v x eg¯|egig`v®Ÿ¦wjmike x `!vzh^ x `v!_jwegigi°jw•w`v _.oq©^egik`vª$ž$j/s^ £ Á
x ek|lnegoqpU|oqzu`|ln` x `v!|o{`¯|ek`pFluvj £ uo £ ikjmluekŠFh^`v4z`ŠFh^eg`l h^p^` x `vu|zeksflnegoqp¾§^p^` x `
i°j x yfp^jw_.ekŠFh^`!lnowh^u©^egigikoqptp”jwegu`V`l5ekiSp ¢ `vzlÄs”jwvÄvzÅ^5ŠFh^`V|`v5_.o x ]ik`v x `ƒluh^u©^htik`p^|`
vuoqeg`plr|Jjws^jw©^ig`v x ` ik`!¬­jwegu`mª
" m˜ "*( E "{˜wœ
Z‡ oqh^vstuoqsLoqvuowp^vŠFh”jwp x _.Ã_.` x `vs^vzeglu`vsSowh^Ÿln`pln` x¢ jw_ £ igegoqu`|` x `zp^eg`
 

 £ vzh^i¨l‰jmlª½‡roqh^v!jwigigoqp^vƒikjwp^|`Vhtp^`vzek_h^i°jãlnegoqp8vuh^ƒh^p _jwegikikjw•q`s^ikhtvƒ§”p `lVvuhtƒh^p


ln`_.s^v x¢ £ |‰\^jwplnegikigoqp^p”jm•q`ƒs^igh^vQigoqp^•^ªžB`'|Jjmik|h^i”vu`nj |`sL`p x jwpl·luu]v«igoqp^•  r_.oqegvת
~Djw'jwegigik`h^uv¶^eki½u`vln` ®¦ £ ue¨§”`rŠFh^`!ig`v'ŠFh”jwpluegl £ v5lnh^z©^h^ig`pln`v'vuoqpl'©^eg`p s^zekvz`v'`p


|oq_.stlu` x jwp^v'ik` |o x ` x jmp^v'ik`vZ|jwv x ` _jmekigi°jm•q`v'_.oq©^egik`vª


Zp^`!jmhtlnz`Z¦qowek` x½¢ jw_ £ ikegoqnjãlnegoqpsSowvuvueg©^ig`V`vl5i ¢ htluekigegvnjmluekoqp x hvu|‰\ £ _jclu`_.sSowu`i½jwh
x `hf}feg]_.` oq x u` £ |`__.`pFleg_stikeg_.`pl £ x jwptv+ik` ‡ƒdf… ‘q¡µdSªµ‚`sL`p x jmpFl x `vcln`vzl
s^ £ ikeg_.ekp”jmekz`v4jJ¦q`| x `v!_.o x ]ig`v x `luh^u©^htik`p^|`.oqpl!_.oqpln £ i ¢ jws^s^jwue¨lnegoqp x¢ oqvu|eki Á
i°jmluekowp^v x jwp^v'ig`v'¼oqpt`vr_jmekigi £ `v'lnzoqs •quoqvzvueg]z`_.`plJª

Ê-á!#"%$'&'(
Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis
2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Futurs : Parc Club Orsay Université - ZAC des Vignes
4, rue Jacques Monod - 91893 ORSAY Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique
615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38334 Montbonnot Saint-Ismier (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Éditeur
INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
  


  

ISSN 0249-0803

You might also like