AREA: Agricultural Mechanics llHlI.

: Surveying

CQMPETENCY:

1. Determine the differences in elevation using a level.

~: #8 Becoming Familiar with Differential and Profile

Leveling

SITUATION:

Students know how to use field notes.

Differential leveling is used to determine the difference in elevation between two points.

Slope is used for drainage and irrigation purposes. Profile leveling is used to determine the elevation of a series of points along a give line.

Profile leveling is used for water ways, roads, drains, etc .. Differential and Profile leveling is used on the State Agriculture Mechanics Contest.

OBJECTIYES :

1. To determine the procedure for differential leveling.

2. To determine the procedure for profile leveling.

3. To calculate slope for profile leveling

4. To calculate cut and fill ratio for profile leveling.

MOTIYATIQN:

Review key points from previous lesson. Tie key points with todays lesson. State objec,tives.

Use box full of soil and demonstrate drainage ditch problem. How do we determine if water will run or not?

What is a slope?

What will we do to the gullies? Draw the questions.

Write questions on the board.

s.:r.mrL Gt! IDES:

1. What is differential leveling?

2. When is differential leveling used?

3. What is the procedure for differential leveling?

4. What is profile leveling?

5. When is profile leveling used?

6. What is the prooedure for profile leveling?

7. What does % slope (Grade) mean in reference to surveying?

8. Why is slope important to surveying?

9. How was a slope be caloulated in surviving?

10. What are cuts and fills?

11. How are cuts and fills determined?

12. Profile leveling problem.

REFERENCES:

Resource Unit on Leveling and Land Measurement Practioes box of soil ..

hand-out

ANALYSIS:

1. The process of determining the difference in.elevation between two points.

2. Whenever the objective of the eurvey ie to determine the elevation of a new point.

3. a) Establish the elevation of tlle bench mark.

b) Set up instrument 150 - 200 feet away from tnebench mark in the directio~ of the new point.

c) Take a back sight reading.

d) Record the reading in the BS c<:>1umn of .the field notes.

To obtain the height o£ the instrument, the BS reading

is added to the bench mark elevation.. . ..

e) A fore Sight ree-ding is then taken about 150 -200 fee.t in the direction' of the new ·point. This reading .is subtracted from the HI to determine the new elevation. The rod remains in position, and this point becomes turning point # 1.

f) The instrument is now reset from turning point # 1 about 150 - 200 feet in the direction of. the new point. A back sight is taken on turning point #1 to establish

the new height of the instrument. .

g) Steps a - f are repeated until the new point is reached and its elevation relative to the bench mark is obtained.

4. The process of determining the elevation of a serie.s of points along a given line.

5.·Essential to layout and construct drains, roads, dams, water ways, and similar structures.

6. a) Stake off the area to be surveyed in intervalsci£.50 or 100 feet.

b) Establish the height of the instrument.

c) Foresights are then taken on as many staked I?oints on the line convenient to the pOSition of the. instrument.

d) Determine the elevation of a turning point and then

move the instrument.

e) Determine the new height of the instrument.

f) Proceed-in this fashion to the end of the survey line.

g) It is a good plan to select turning points that. are permanent enough to be used again should more than one profile level be required of the area.

h) High or low spots need to be taken by intermediate readings.

7. The ascending or descending land surface cOlnparedto the level line of sight.

8. When cutting and filling land, a slope must be determined for drainage or movement of water across a field at a desired rate.

9. A drop in elevation of 1 foot over 100 feet of distance is equal to a 1% slope.

10. The vertical depth of soil that must be removed or added to make the ground surface conform to a prescribe grade or slope.

11. After profile leveling is accomplished it i!5 .the difference between the desired elevation and the elevation of the given points along the survey. ie. 8.5 feet is the desired elevation.

The point is only 6.0 feet-a fill of 2.5 feet is needed

The point is 10 feet-a cut ofl.5 feet is needed.

Cut and fill ratio must be within 1.2- 1.6 or more soil must be brought in to level the field.

12. Hand-out

SUPERVISED STUDY:

Pass out reference materials.

Students answer questions on scratch paper.

DISCUSSION;

Students give answers to questions Write answers to question on the -board.

Discuss all questions that were found in resources. Write answers in notebooks.

SUmMEY:

1. Differential leveling is used to determine the difference in elevation between two points.

2. Profile leveling is used in determining the elevation along a given line.

3. Slope is the difference in elevation of two different points.

4. Cuts and fills must be calculated for-accurate leveling of

the land to be accomplished.

APPLICATION:

Students complete the profile leveling problem. Students will use Information to complete unit test. Information included in notebook evaluation. Students will use profile leveling in later lesson.

EVAI.UATIQN:

Students complete profile leveling problem. Information on unit exam.

Information included in notebook evaluation.

ACTIVITY

A. Objectives

1. To determine the difference in elevation of two points.

D·ifferential Leveling

2. To develop skill in keep:i,.ng accurate fieldn:otes on differential leveling.

B. Introductl,on

The basic function of the tripod level is determining difference$ Ln elevation between two points.. A wide variety of agricultural jobs require that elevation or change in elevation 1::>.e known. It is the purpose of this activity to describe the process and procedure of determining changes in elevation between points by differential leveling.

C. References

1. Student Reference, Leveling & Land Measurement Practices for Agriculture, February 1974, pp. 57-60.

D. Questions for Study

1. What is the most accurate way we have at our disposal to find the difference Ln elevation between two points which are not within sight of one another?

2. How many people'are on a differential survey crew?

What are they called?

3. How do we keep a running account or record of our progress in a differential survey?

4. Backsight is always to elevation to find

s. Foresight is always from height of

instrument to find -------------

6.

Identify the following symbols d'

leveling· field notes. use 1n differential

TP A
FS 8M
BS a~ 7.

Complete the follow;~g page of f1'eld not

d' ~. es on

1fferential leveling,

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ACTIVITY

- pt:ofileLevelin~

A. Objectives

1. To determine the difference in .: devatidn of a series Ofpoihts alOng a given line.

2. Todeve10!i'> sk,'u1 in keeping accurate field notas on profile leveling.

B. Introdu.ction

A variety of (i9'ticult.ural applications require the elevation$. of a series of points along a gl.ven line

be known. Prof'ile leveling is essential to layout sewer lines, drain$,ditches, or similar ,struc~ures. This activity provides the student with the.QPportunity to perfom pref iUlevelinq.

C. Reference

1.. Student Reference, Leveling & Land Measurement' Practices for Agriculture, February 1974, pp.~1-64.

D. QuestionsfofStudy

L What is the principle difference betweeh differential leveling and profile leveling.

2. what is a station?

3. How are stations identified or recorded?

4. Write the elevations of the following stations

used in profile leveling.

6 + 01

3 + 00

2 + 25

5. Write the normal station marking for the following elevations.

150 feet 100 feet 226 feet