V The energy stored in food is measured in

calories („
P or kilocalories („
P

V •
„

is the amount of energy needed
to raise the temperature of one gram of
water by one degree Celcius

„

equivalent to 

 P

V Àifferent classes of food provide different
calorific values
1 g of carbohydrates = 16
kJ
1 g of proteins = 16
kJ
1 g of fats = 3
6 kJ
V The calorific value of food is determined
by measuring the amount of energy
released when 1g of the food is
„






V The „



is the instrument
used in measuring the calorific value
÷hysical State of
Activities health

Body size Sex

Climate or the
Age temperature of the
surroundings
V A person who does 6

needs more
energy than a person who works in the office
V A worker doing heavy work has a 66




„

than an office worker
V A person with a

 body size has a 66

„






V ñ6

and



 need more energy
than adults
V The 


„

of children is 66
because they undergo  
6
V hen adults get older, they stop growing and
their metabolic rates drop
V The calorie requirement of a


is higher than female
V ½ale is more „


and has a


 
than a female
V Ôowever, a 


6

and a mother who is breast-
feeding her baby need more
calories than a normal female
V J„


need more energy in order to
p6


and 
   



V ÷eople suffering from different diseases
require different types of nutritional
programs to suit them
V ÷eople who live in „

 places need more
energy than those who live in warmer place
V This is because they need more energy to
keep the body temperature „ 


ñ