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The Voice March 4th Week
The Voice March 4th Week
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Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
VOICE
The
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The
4
VOICE LOCAL EDITORIAL
REAL ESTATE
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
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The
VOICE Weekly
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The Product of Myanmar Partners Think Tank Group
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Chief Editor - Kyaw Min Swe
Editor in-charge - Zeya Thu
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5
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
VOICE
The
6
VOICE
The
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
DISASTER
LOCAL The
VOICE
7
EDITORIAL
ACCIDENT
8
VOICE LOCAL Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
DISASTER
LOCAL The
VOICE
9
DISASTER
LOCAL Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
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Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
EDUCATION VOICE
The
11
News in Brief
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12
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13
PERSPECTIVE
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
VOICE
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jynfolvlxkudk us,fus,fjyefhjyefh tkycf sKyfaeonfh tmPmydik t f pd;k &u OD;aqmifí toGiaf jymif;jcif; odYkr[kwf wwd,umvwGif uyfvu kd vf mwwfNyD; Liberalization
(Regime led transition ) rsm;vnf; &Sw d wfonf [kqykd gonf/ ESihf Democratization tNydKif qufvufjzpfay:avh&o dS nfqo kd nfh
&nf&, G Ef ikd &f ef wm0efcEH ikd &f ef wpfzuf wGiv f nf; toGiu f ;l ajymif;rI pwifjcif;onf 'Dru k d &ufwu k d af Z;&Si;f wdik f Liberalization aemufu Democratization rnfonft h cgurQ
rule of the game yg&SdonfUpepfodkh ac: 'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY ul;ajymif;jcif; taotcsmjzpfay:rnf[k vdkufygrvmaomEdkifiHrsm;vnf; &SdcJhygonf (Oyrm-pifumyl)/
wpfenf;tm;jzifU ]vltyk cf sKyaf ompepfrS ,wdjywfrajymEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ Liberalization tvGeftrif;wdkawmif;í Liberalization ESifh De-
rnfoYkdyifjzpfap 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; pwifaom mocratization wpfNydKifeuf jzpfay:onf[k xif&aom EdkifiHrsm;
rltyk cf sKyaf ompepf} odhk ul;ajymif;jcif;jzpfonf/ vnf; &SdcJhygonf (Oyrm-ay:wl*D? *&d)/ aemufaMumif;jyefí
tqifo h nf ]vl}qH;k jzwfonfh rule by law pepfrS ]“ rl}tkycf sKyfaom
xdktqifUonf rule of the game pepf rule of law odkY ul;ajymif;ygrnf[k t"du stakeholders ppftmPmodrf;rIrsm;ESifh BuHKawGUcJh&aomEdkifiHrsm;vnf; &SdcJhyg
r&Sad o;csed jf zpfí vltyk cf sKyaf ompepfrS rsm;u qH;k jzwfaomtqifh [kqEkd ikd af yonf/ vlu tkycf sKyfaom onf/
rltyk cf sKyaf om pepfohkd ul;ajymif;&mwGif rule by law pepfwi G f Oya'udjk yKaom vlu ta&;BuD;aomaMumifh þtqifw h iG f jrifom xifom wdik ;f wmEdik o f nfh aywHEpS &f yf
Edik if \
H tajctaeonf xdk power center \ t&dyt f jcnftwdik ;f &SdNyD; Liberalization jzpf rjzpfukd xdt k *Fg&yfrsm;ESihf wdik ;f wmavh
oifah wmfrnfxifaomudp&ö yfrsm; om jzpf&onf/ tqHk;tjzwf tm;vHk;oufqdkif&mEdkifiH? vlrsKd;? &Sdygonf/ tqdkyg aywHrsm;rSm
vdt k yfrnfxifaom udp&ö yfrsm;udk tpdk;&? wyfrawmfwdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;xuf power center \ (1) Rule of the Game wpfck&SdaewwfNyD; Rule by Law
vGwv f yfpmG aqmif&u G af vU&o dS nf/ t&dyftjcnftwdkif; jzpf&onf/ r[kwaf wmhí Player tm;vH;k u Negotiation Pacts udk vdu k ef mMu&
toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;qdo k nfrmS jynfov l x
l u k kd us,fus,f onf/
xdkhaMumifU þtqifUwGif awGY&aom (2) vltrsm;pkzGJUí vkyfudkiforQudk EdkifiHa&;tjzpf pGyfpJG
jyefYjyefY&nf&G,fEdkif&ef wm0efcHEdkif&ef rule of the game yg&Sdonfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyef nf; vky[ f efrsm;onfyif pepfodkY wpfenf;tm;jzifh ]“ vltkyfcsKyfaompepfrS rltkyfcsKyfaom ta&;,ljcif; avsmhusoGm;NyD; vlYtzGJUtpnf;tay: tmrcHcsuf
tem*wfEikd o f l ½H;I olukd BuKd wifprD cH efcY jJG cif; pepf} odkY ul;ajymif;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdktqifhonf rule of the tcsKdU pwifjzpfay:onf/
game r&Sdao;csdefjzpfí vltkyfcsKyfaompepfrS rltkyfcsKyfaom Liberalization trSefwu,f pwifNyD[kqdkvQif EdkifiHom;
(shaping the future winners and losers)
pepfodkY ul;ajymif;&mwGif oifhawmfrnfxifaomudpö&yfrsm; wpfO;D csi;f ESihf Edik if o
H m;rsm;pkzUJG vkyu
f ikd o
f nfh Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;rsm;
jzpfwwfonf [kqdkonf vdktyfrnfxifaom udp&ö yfrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&Gufavh&Sd pmrsufESm 14 od k Y
14
VOICE
The
PERSPECTIVE
pmrsufESm 13 'Drdkua&pD toGif;ul;ajymif;a&; (2) rS tquf
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
(3) 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfohkd ul;ajymif;jcif; Democratization
'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY ul;ajymif;jcif;ESifhywfoufí rnfonfh
yHo k P²mef? rnfonfOh ya' vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;u ydí k 'Dru kd a&pD udk awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ þul;ajymif;rIjzpfpOfrsm;onf vltzGJU toGiful;ajymif;a&;onf ,cifu EdkifiHa&;wGif yg0ifcGifh
qefonf[k ajym&efcuf&m t"duwdkif;wmaom aywHrSm tpnf; \ta&GUjzpfí State ac: Edik if aH wmf odYk r[kwf ud, k pf m;jyK rjyKcJah om t&yfbuf vlYtzGUJ tpnf;udk rltm;jzifh yg0ifciG hf pwif
Citizenship ac: Edi k if oH m;tcGit hf a&;ESihf pHEeI ;f jzpfayonf/ Edik if o H m; pD&ifcGifh&Sdol tpdk;&wdkYwGifom wm0ef&Sdonf r[kwfbJ vlYtzGJU ay;tyfjcif;jzpf&m EdkifiHa&;r[kwfaom toif;tzGJUrsm;ESifh
wpfOD;csif;udk vGwfvyfí nDrQaom vlom;EdkifiHom;rsm;tjzpf tpnf;\ pnf;urf;&Sad om yl;aygif;yg0ifrrI sm;vnf; tqifv h ukd f vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; jzpfEikd af jc&So d mG ;jcif;jzpfonf [kqo kd nf/ Edik if o H m;
wef;wl&nfwl todtrSwfjyKí wm0ef,laom wm0efcHaom? vdktyfcsuf&Sdayonf/ rsm;u &ifu h supf mG wHYkjyefonfEiS t hf rQ vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;udk wd;k íwd;k í
wm0ef,al paom wm0efcaH paompepfoYkd ul;ajymif;&ef Edik if aH wmf 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; us,fus,fjyefY ay;tyf&if; Liberalization ESit hf wl Democratization u yl;wGí J
tmPmudk &,lxm;aom tiftm;pkrsm; Stakeholdersrsm; tm;vH;k jyefY tajcwus usifhoHk;vmMuonfhtajctaeodkY ul;ajymif; jzpfay:vmwwfonf[q k akd omfvnf; rsm;pGmaom vlYtzGUJ tpnf;
oabmwlncD su&f &So d nfh tqifjh zpfonf/ qdv k okd nfrmS Edik if o
H m; a&muf&jdS cif;onf toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; Transition \ aemufq;kH rsm;wGif pdwrf &Snaf 'goBu;D aom vlxu k kd awGU&wwfonf[q k okd nf/
wdkif;udk wef;wl&nfwljzpfonfh vlom;rsm;tjzpf todtrSwf tqifjh zpfNyD; trSew f u,ftoGiu f ;l ajymif;jcif;vnf;jzpfí Sec- toGiful;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfonf Power elite rsm;twGif;
ond Transition 'kw, d tBudraf jrmuf toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;[k Edik if H taetxm; ajymif;vJomG ;jcif;oufouf r[kwaf omfvnf; yxrqH;k
jyK&efjyifqifonfh tqifhjzpfNyD; xdktcGifhta&;rsm; &&SdaeNyD[k
r&nfñTef;ay/ a&;odyHÜwGif ac:a0:onf/ odomaomjzpfpOfrmS Power elite rsm;twGi;f taetxm; ysu, f iG ;f
'Drukd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; rpwif&ao;aom Edik if rH sm; wwd,tqifhjzpfonfh Democratization onf EdkifiHom; oGm;jcif;jzpf&m ay:aygufvmaom Space vIy&f mS ;cGiu f kd OD;pGmjrifí
udkMunfhvQif vlYtzGJUtpnf;0if vlom;rsm;\ b0onf e,fajr wpfO;D csif;udk Edik if o H m;&ydik cf iG t
hf jzpf Edik if aH &;wGif wef;wl&nfwl OD;pGmvIyf&Sm;olrsm;rSm Elite rsm;om jzpfavh&Sdygonf/
pdk;rdk;a&;ppfaMumif;wpfaMumif;ESifh e,fajrcHrsm; qufqHa&;rsKd; us,fus,fjyefYjyefYyg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhudk aqmifMuOf;Edkif&ef xkEd idk if aH &;vIy&f mS ;cGio f nf wjznf;jznf;us,jf yefYvmaom
&Sad eaomaMumifh Edik if o H m;rsm;onf Subjects rsm; jzpfc&hJ ayonf/ BudK;pm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; vlrIa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,frsm;wGif tcg vlYtzJGUtpnf;wpfckvkH; pwif&dyfpm;rdvmonfukd awGU&
xdkvlom;rsm;udk e,fajrpdk;rdk;olu wef;wl&nfwl oabmxm; wef;wl&nfwcl iG rhf mS rl rsm;pGmeuf½iId ;f aomaMumifh þpwkwt ¬ qifh onf/ toGiful;ajymif;a&; ueOD;tqifhwGif EkdifiHa&;ukd vl
Socialization/Democratic Consolidation wGio f m jrifawGU&avh tenf;i,fuom pdw0f ifwpm; pku d vf u dk rf wfwwfajymqkad eMu
ygrnf[laom oabmxm;rsKd; ajymif;vJxm;&Sda&;onf pdwfydkif;
qdkif&mcH,lcsuf (Moral) jzpfí rsKd;qufESifhcsDí apmifhqdkif;& &Sdygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ajym&vQif Political Democracy jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; wjznf;jznf; Space vIy&f mS ;cGiu f s,v f maom
wwfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY ul;ajymif;a&;onf omru Social Democracy ESifh Economic Democracy odkY tcg vlaygif;pkH\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsKd;pkHukd jrifawGUvm&NyD; pepfwus
xifoavmuf rvG,fay/ aqmifMuOf;EdkifvmMujcif;udk qdkvdkayonf/ rok;H pGw J wfvQif tEÅ&m,fjzpfEidk af om tqifo h Ydv
k nf; wjznf;jznf;
Social Democracy qdo k nfrmS Edik if o H m;wdik ;f onf rnfonfh cGifus,fvmwwfonfukd vufwiftar&du&Sd toGiful;ajymif;
Rule by Law jzifh tkyfcsKyfcJhonfh umvrsm;wGif ]ig}
r[kwfol tm;vHk; ]&ef}oabm&Sd&m EdkifiHom;wdkif;udk vlom;rsm; bmomudk udk;uG,fonfjzpfap? rnfonfht,ltqudk ,HkMunf a&;jzpfpOfrsm;wGif jrifawGUcJh&onf[kqkdonf/
tjzpf wef;wl&nfwl EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;qdkif&m tcGifh onfjzpfap? rnfonft h vkyt f udik u f kd vkyu f ikd o f nfjzpfap rl0g' toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; ueOD;wGif ay:aygufvmaom vIy&f mS ;
ta&;rsm; ay;tyf&ef oabmwlnD&&Sda&;onf rsm;pGmcufcJ a&;&mESihf Oya'? enf;Oya'? vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;qdik &f m udprö sm;wGif cGifukd vltrsm; rjrifawGUEkdifaomaMumifh uefYowfcsufrsm;ukd
eufeJygonf/ txl;ojzifh pD;yGm;a&;wGif tusKd;pD;yGm; jzpfxGef; wef;wl&nfwl tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef&Sdvmjcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/ prf;oyf ausmfvTm;Munfhol tenf;pk\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd pwif
aeaom udp&ö yfrsm;ukd &yfwefYí wef;wl&nfwl jzpfapa&;onf omrefvo l m;wpfO;D onf ¤if;*kPo f a&tjynft h 0 (Human Dig- jrifawGU&wwfNyD; tcsKdUu a&ay:qD vIyf&Sm;rItjzpf oHo,jzifh
nity) udk xdktqifhusrSom &Edkifonf[k qdk&rnf jzpfayonf/ tqkd;jrifwwfonfukdawGU&onf/
eufeJygonf/
Economic Democracy qdkonfrSm EdkifiHom;wdkif; ukef jrifomxifomaomtcsufrSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif;
'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY ul;ajymif;jcif;ESifhywfoufí wdkif;wm
aom aywHrSm EdkifiHom;wpfOD;\ EdkifiHom;&ydkifcGifh Citizen- xkwv f yk rf t
I vdYkimS vnf;aumif;? 0efaqmifrt I vdYkimS vnf;aumif; toif;tzJGUrsKd;pkH &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;pkHjzifh ay:xGufvmjcif;jzpfNyD;
ship jzpfaomaMumifh xdk Citizenship pHEIef;udk udpö&yfESpfckESifh
EdkifiH? vlYtzGJUtpnf;ydkifjzpfonfh MuG,f0rI? 0ifaiG? ynma&;? t&yfbuf vlYtzJGUtpnf; Ekd;xvmNyDjzpfaMumif; tm;vkH;u
wdkif;wmygonf/ usef;rma&;? tyef;ajzcGifh ponfrsm;ukd wef;wl&nfwl cHpm;cGifh vufcv H monft h qifo h Ydk a&muf&v dS mjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh
yxrtcsufrSm EdkifiHom;rsm;\ a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcH owif;tcsurf sm; &&Sd od&cdS iG hf &&Scd iG hf ponfrsm;udk qdv k akd yonf/ EkdifiHa&;ESifhwkduf½kdufoufqkdifjcif;r&Sdonfh bmom&yfqkdif&m
ydkifcGifhjzpfonf/ 'Drdkua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk pwifcsdefwGif qdv k o kd nfrmS Edik if o H m;wpfO;D onf vlYtzGUJ tpnf;udk repf udp&ö yfrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;qkid &f mudp&ö yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufí ,cifEw I q f w d f
,cif Liberalization ESihf uGmjcm;oGm;onft h csurf mS a&G;cs,w f if emaponfh &ydkifcGifh tm;vHk;&&Sda&;udk rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf aecJah om ynm&Sirf sm;\ toHrsm;ukd Mum;vm&wwfNyD; wk;d wufrI
ajr§mufyGJrsm;\ jrifuGif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfh tzGUJ tpnf;urQ ydwq f YkdciG rhf &Sad wmhonfh tcGit hf a&;udk rsm;ukdvnf; jrifawGU&Ekdifayonf/ txl;ojzifh tEkynmonf
'kwd, jrifomaomudpö&yfrSm jy|mef;xm;aom tkyfcsKyf &&Sdonfh tqifhjzpfonf/ þtqifhonf &ydkifcGifhBuD;ouJhodkY rsm; ynmwwfrsm;\ toHukdtus,fqkH;Mum;&aom umvjzpf
a&;pepf 'DZdkif;ESifh tcsKyftjcmtmPmrsm;udk ab;csdwfí tvkyf wm0efvnf; BuD;onfjzpf&m xdkwm0efudk ,lEdkifonfh Civiliza- wwfonf[kqkdonf/
tion odYk a&muf&c dS sed rf o
S m xdt k cGit hf a&;rsm;udk a&a&&m&m &ydik cf iG hf wpfzufwGifvnf; tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmtwGif;&Sd tiftm;pk
vkyfaom vrf;aMumif;rsm; aysmufuG,foGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
(civic empowerment) &Sdvdrfhrnf[k ynm&Sifrsm;u zGifhqdkonf/ rsm;uvnf; topfay:xGuv f maom tiftm;pkrsm; vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;
rnfodkYyifjzpfap þtqifhodkY a&muf&SdcsdefwGif EdkifiHom;
tcGifhta&;qdkaom udp&ö yfudk atmufxpfqHk; rltm;jzifh oabm ESihf tajctaeopfudk ,cifypHk t H wkid ;f uefYowf&ef BudK;pm;onfh
'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfrsm;ESifUtwl vlhtzGJt
Y pnf; jzpf&yfrsm;ukdvnf; jrifawGU&wwfonf [kqkdonf/
wlMu&NyjD zpf&m topfjy|mef;onfh Oya'? enf;Oya'? vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;
tm;vHk;wGif EdkifiHom;tcGifhta&;udk tav;xm;í pD&if&onfh twGif; ajymif;vJrIrsm; wpfzufwGifvnf; vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk
oabmw&m; acwfpm;vmonf[k qdk&rnfjzpfayonf/ 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfwGif yg0ifonfh jr§iw hf ifEidk o f nfEiS t hf rQ wjznf;jznf; ay:xGuv f maom Ekid if aH &;
tqifhBuD;av;qifhteuf 'kwd,tqifhjzpfonfh Liberalization vIy&f mS ;cGiw f iG f Ekid if aH &;t& yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG u
f s,fjyefYvmum
(4) 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk cdkifcHUatmif wnfaqmufaom tqifU onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; t&m&m EdkifiHa&;tjzpf t"dyÜm,f vlxktHkMuGrIrygbJ tkyfcsKyfol tajymif;tvJ (regime change)
Socialization/Democratic Consolidation aumuf,rl I avsmyh g;oGm;onfh yHok P²mefukd jzpfay:apwwfonfh jzpfEidk o f nfudk Ekid if rH sm;pGmwkYd \ toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfrsm;u
þtqifhudk wdkif;wmaom aywHrSm EdkifiHom;wpfOD;csif; twGuf vlYtzGUJ tpnf;onf wjznf;jznf; Ed;k xvmonfukd pwif azmfjyvsuf&Sdygonf/ rsm;pGmaocsmonfrSm vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIBuD;
onf Oya'\ a&SUarSmufwGif vlom;rsm;tjzpf EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm; awGU&Sd&onf/ rsm; yg0ifonfjzpfap? ryg0ifonfjzpfap toGiful;ajymif;a&;
a&;? vlraI &;trsKd;rsKd;wGif wef;wl&nfwl tcGit hf a&;rsm; a&muf&dS odkYaomf xdkodkYaom Edk;xrIrsm;ESifhtwl vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ jzpfpOfrsm;onf jzwfoef;&pNrJjzpf&m Ekid if o H m;wkYd\ todÓPfu f dk
&&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ xdt k cgwGif State, Market ESifh Civil Society todÓPfa&csdefudk jr§ifhwifay;jcif;rsm; wpfygwnf; vdkufyg jr§iw hf ifay;jci ;f jzifh toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; jzpfpOfrsm;ukd jrefqefap
ac: e,fy,fBuD;oH;k &yfv;kH wGif cdik cf ahH om Institution rsm; ay:ayguf aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEdkifcJhvQif toGiful;ajymif;a&;onf aemuf jcif;onfom taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;jzpfayonf/ /
vmNyD; Good Governance qdo k nfrmS vnf; a&&moGm;NyD jzpfonf aMumif; jyefoGm;Edkifonf[kqdkonf/ atmifxG#f
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
PERSPECTIVE The
VOICE
15
aejynfolrsm; (v,f,mvkyfief;wGif yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;) tjcm;aomtBuD;? tvwf? tao;pm; jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;udk I-O Table qdo k nfrmS jrefrmEdik if \ H pD;yGm;a&;u@BuD;rsm; wpfck
\ vlrIpD;yGm;a&; ydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh qif;&JrGJawrI [efcsufnDnD vkyfaqmifEdkifrSom xdkpD;yGm;a&;u@toD;oD; ESifhwpfcktMum; tjyeftvSefqufpyfaeaom wefzdk;yrmPudk
avsmhenf;yaysmuf apa&;onf vGefpGmta&;BuD;ygonf/ (v,f,mu@ pD;yGm;a&;tygt0if) \ ukefxkwfvkyfrIyrmP azmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD; tu,fí pD;yGm;a&;u@BuD;wpfckudk Target
Edik if w
H Ykd \ Edik if aH &;? vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&;pepfrsm;ESihf ,if;wdYk wefz;kd ESihf trsK;d om;jynfwiG ;f xkwu f ek yf rmPwefz;kd (GDP)onf Sector tjzpfxm;&SdNyD; ,if;u@\ pkpkaygif;xkwfvkyfrI wefzdk;
\tajctaersm;onf rwlnDMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm pD;yGm;a&; jrifhrm;atmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifrnf[k pma&;ol tBuHjyKajymMum; yrmPudk wdk;jr§ifhrnfqdkvQif usefpD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;odkYvnf;
jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;wdkif; a,bk,stjrifoabmxm; (Gen- vdkonf/ ]rnfa&GUrnfrQaom pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;oufa&mufrrI sm;} ay;pGr;f Edik f
eral View) jzifh MunfhjrifoHk;oyf½HkrQjzifh vufawGUajz&Sif;Edkif&ef xdkYtjyif txufwGifa&;cJhovdk t&if;tEDS;yrmP (Capi- rnfukd rSe;f qwGucf suf od&EdS ikd jf cif;yifjzpfonf/ odYk aomf tjcm;
cufcw J wfaomaMumifh wpfcgwpf&½H aI xmifph rkH S Munfjh rifo;kH oyf tal Investment)wGif uefYowfcsufrsm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; vkyfom; aom pD;yGm;a&;udef;&Sifrsm;jzpfaom tpdk;&bwf*suf vdkaiGjyrI
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The
16
VOICE PERSPECTIVE Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
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20
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Vol.7 / No.16
BOOK
VOICE
The
VOICE
The
21
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30
THE VOICE WEEKLY Vol.7 / No.16 - March 28 - April 3 , 2011
The
VOICE Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
INTERVIEW
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aiG&Sm Edik o f vdk jzpfaew,f/wpfenf; r,f/ 'grS vkyfief;awGu vkyfief; tck tysut f pD;awGMum;uae jyefxal xmif&rSm olxal xmifEikd v f m wJth csed rf mS uReaf wmfwYkdvkd taumif;twdik ;f &Sad ewJh
ajym&&if jynfyu 0,f,lwJh yrmP wk;d wufa&; twGuf vkt d yfwhJ t&if; Edik if u
H vnf; xlaxmifEikd &f rSmaygh/ bmvdYk rxlaxmifEikd &f rSmvJ/ rxlaxmifEikd &f ef wpfcck rk mS ; aevdYk omjzpfr,f/
xuf jynfwiG ;f u pdu k yf sK;d arG;jrLxkwv f yk f tES;D ? enf;ynmawGyrkd w kd ;dk wufatmif Voice : ukefvkyfoGif;tm;pkawG jrifhrm;aewJhtwGuf xkwfvkyfrI ukefusp&dwfjrifhwufvmNyD; aps;uGuf
wJh yrmPuydkrsm;vmw,f/ 'Dtcg vkyfaqmifvmEkdifr,f/ t&if;tESD; rSm ,SOfNydKifEdkifpGrf;usvmusvmw,f w,fvdkY vkyfief;&Siftrsm;pku ajymMu ajymMuwJwJhtay: b,fvdkjrifygovJ/
rSm ydkYukefaps;EIef;usoGm;w,f/ 'D xuf? enf; ynmydkcufcJr,f/ 'DvdkyJ Dr.MMS : oGif;tm;pkjrifhvmwJhtwGuf xkwfvkyfrIp&dwfjrifhvmNyD; aps;uGuf,SOfNydKifEdkifrIr&Sdbl;qdk&if/
tcsdefrSm wjcm;aps;uGufopfawG enf;ynm b,fvkd&,lEkdifrvJqdkwm 'gbmvdYkjzpfvq J w
kd hJ tajccHukd jyef&mS &r,f/ 'gawGu Indicator (ñTeu f ed ;f )awGy/J 'gawGjzpf&wJh taMumif;t&if;udk
r&SmEkdifwJh taetxm;rsKd;jzpfae&if enf;vrf; &Sm&r,f/ aemufwpfcku &SmzdkYvdktyfw,f/ 'gudk&SmNyD; vdkwmjyif&r,f/ omrdkrDwmrSm tylcsdefjrihfaewm omrdkrDwmeJY rqdkifbl;/ vlemu
udk,fykdYaewJh EkdifiH&JUpD;yGm;a&; ? EkdifiH udk,fwifydkYwJh aps;uGuf&JU aps;uGuf tyl&edS jf rifhaevdYk omrdrk wD mu tyl&edS w f ufaewmudjk ywm/ vlemudu k rk S tyl&edS u f srSm omrdrk w D ma&pdrfvYkd r&bl;/
a&;tajymif;tvJ odkYr[kwf rl0g' vdktyfcsufudk odxm;&r,f/ olwkdY tcku omrdkrDwmukovdkjzpfaewm/
tajymif;tvJ pojzifh tajymif;tvJ 0,fEkdifpGrf; xufydkxkwf&ifaps;us Voice : ukefoG,frIzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmzdkY bmawGvdktyfr,fvdkY xifygovJ/
wpfckckjzpfvmw,fqkd&if tckvdk oGm;rSmyJ/ 'gudk ydkYukefvkyfief;&Sif Dr.MMS : zGUH NzdK;NyD;wJE h ikd if aH wGukd Munfv h Ykd&&dS if vlawGtm;vH;k u ud, k Ehf ikd if uH kd cspw f ,f/ ud,
k v hf rl sK;d udck spwf ,f/
jyóemrsKd;BuHKvm&wmyJ/ 'Dtcsderf mS awG? tpdk;&awGu odxm;&r,f/ wdik ;f jynf&UJ aumif;usKd;udk vkyaf qmifay;csifMuw,f/ wdik ;f jynf wd;k wufzYkd Policy awGvt kd yfwm rSew f ,f/
ud, k yfh Ydkuek af wG&UJ wpf,el pfwefz;kd ay: aemufxkwfvkyfwJh ae&mrSmvdktyfwJh 'gayrJh wdik ;f jynfcspw f wfzYkdu t&ifq;kH vdw k ,f/ cspef nf;csp[ f ef rSeuf efzYkdvw kd ,f/ wdik ;f jynfcspw f hJ pdwef YJomvky&f if
rSm oufa&mufrIay;wmyJ/ yJwkdY? Intermediate Input awGukd pepfwus wdik ;f jynfw;kd wufomG ;rSmyJ/
pyg;wkYd ? opfwYkdpojzifh xGuu f ek af wG wGucf suNf yD;rS oH;k &ifyakd umif;wmaygh/ ausmfqef;rif;
udk ukeMf urf;taeeJY ykYdoifw h mydYkovdk Voice : oGif;tm;pk p&dwfjrifh
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
INTERVIEW The
VOICE
31
Voice : *syefivsiftawGUtBuHKudk r&awmh ta&;ay: avSum;uae udk a&mufwmeJY &xm;apmifhaewJhvl rdom;pkeJY vGwf&mudk tjrefajy;zdkYyJ
ajymjyay;yg/ qif;ajy;&w,f/ avSum;qif;csderf mS awGqw kd m wef;pDaewm t&SnMf uD;yJ/ awG;w,f/ *syef wcsKdUrdom;pkrsm;u 'Daehnvnf;
USM : tJ ' D a eY u aomMumaeY ajcaxmufawmifrrSeb f ;l / cgaewm/ 'gayrJh &xm;vmNyDqdk&if ta&SUu awmfawmfudk ulnDygw,f/ t*Fvdyf ivsiBf u;D wpfck
nae 3 em&DavmufupNyD; ivsif atmuf a &muf a wmh vrf ; ay:rS m vlawGu pnfurf;zsufNyD; t&ifwdk; vdk ajymEkdifwJh*syefrdwfaqGawGqdk&if
vIyfygw,f/ owif;BudKMum;xm; vlawGu wdkuftay:udkyJ armhMunfh NyD; 0if&w,f/ rwwfEkdifbl;av/ taMumif;xl;wmeJY csucf si;f zke;f quf *syefyifv,frmS
wmawmhr&Sb d ;l / awmfawmfjyif;w,f/ aeMuw,f/ wdkufawGu jrifhw,f ivsifu vIyfaewkef;yJu;dk / wu,f NyD; taMumif;Mum;w,f/ tck wdkusKd 'Do;kH &uftwGi;f
*syefvlrsdK;awGawmif tHhMoMuw,f/ av/ txyf 20 ausmaf wG/ ywfywfvnf 'ku©a&muf&if bmwwfEkdifrSmvJ/ u tEÅ&m,fr&Sdbl;/ 'gayrJh tck
ivsiu f awmh obm0tEÅ&m,fjzpfvYdk rSm bmawGjyKwfusvmrvJvkd h Munfh pnf;urf;&Sdwmu yHkrSefqdk pnf;urf; olwdkYajymwJ M7 qdk&if tEÅ&m,f&Sd
xyfvyI rf ,fqw dk mudk
csufcsif; rodEdkifbl;xifw,f/ bmrS aeMuw,f / ivsif u Mumawmh t&rf;&Sdw,f/ uav;utp vlBuD; w,f/ 'gqdk&if wdkusdK a&vTrf;oGm; aMunmxm;w,f/
rMum;&bl;/ qlemrDawmh owday;vdYk uRefawmf acgif;awmifrl;vmw,f/ tqH;k wu,fcsD;usL;zdYk aumif;w,f/ vdrfhr,fvdkYajymw,f/ tckjzpfaewJh uRerf om;awG&YJ
vGwo f mG ;Muw,f/ tckjzpfwmvnf; jyefNidrfoGm;NyDxifNyD; tay:jyefwuf b,fae&mrSmrqdk wef;pDpepfyJoHk; ae&mawGrSm MudKNyD;aMunmxm;vdkY
qlemrDygyJ/ ivsifujyif;awmh ydkqkd; w,f/ watmifMh umawmh jyefxyfvyI f w,f / uRef a wmf t vS n f h a &S U uk d taotaysmuf t&rf;enf;w,fvdkY q&mrawGuawmU
oGm;w,fxifw,f/ oGm;a&;vma&; w,f/ okH;cgavmuf wufvu k d f qif; a&mufcgeD; ta&S hrSm touf55 od&w,f/ eD;pyf&mawmifukef;ay: twwfEdkifqHk;uav;awGudk
awmfawmfcufco J mG ;w,f/ uRefawmf vdu k f vky&f w,f/ ESpf0ef;usif trsKd;orD;oHk;a,mufu udkwufajy;&if vGwfoGm;wm rsm;
aeYv,f tvkyNf yD;vdYk em;csed rf mS ivsif tJ'DtcsdefrSm rdom;pkeJY quf umqD;aew,f/ wpfa,muf&UJ vufxrJ mS w,f/ acgif;rmwJholawGom rvGwf tdrrf mS xm;zdahk wmif;
pvIyfawmhwmyJ/ *syefrSmu ivsif oG,zf kd zh ek ;f qufwm qufvkd rh &awmh tdraf rG;acG; av;uDvakd vmufav;r,fh wm jzpfw,f/ *syefvrl sKd ;awGu wcsKUd qkdxm;Muw,f/
tjrJwrf;vIyfw,f/ 'gayrJh tcku bl;/ zkef;vdkif;awG tm;vHk;ysufoGm; acG;wpfaumifukd rxm;NyD; &xm;vm awmfawmfu h kd acgif;rmw,f/ ud, k af wGU ausmif;rSmvnf;
awmfawmfuq kd ;kd NyD; t&rf;Murf;w,f/ w,f/ rD;vdkif;eJY *ufpfvdkif;? a&vdkif; wmeJY wdk;NyD;0ifwm r&jzpfaew,f/ rS ,Hkwmrsm;w,f/
qdik u
f av;xyfeYJ oH;k xyf/ uReaf wmf u aumif;w,f/ *syefrmS u zke;f vdik ;f &xm;u txJ r S m t&rf ; usyf N yD ; Voice: bmawGMudKwifvkyfxm;Mu rD;ysurf mS rkv
hd ahkd v/
u av;xyfrSm/ awmfawmfjyif;vm ukrÜPDawGursm;awmh tqifajyMu xGuw f o hJ el nf;aeNyD; 0ifwo hJ l rsm;ae ovJ/ a&uawmh tqif
awmh atmuf u d k q if ; zd k Y jyif a wmh w,f/ 'geJY uRefawmfrdom;pkukd awmh 0ifzdkYrvG,fjzpfaew,fav/ USM : wu,fvufawG hMuHKvm&if
"mwfavSum;u &yfaew,f/ qif;vdYk qufo, G Mf unfw h ,f/ r&bl;/ jyefr,f uRefawmfvnf; rwwfEkdifawmhbl;/ jzpfEkdif? rjzpfEkdif pOf;pm;zdkYyJta&;MuD; ajyaewke;f ygy/J
qdkawmhvnf; &xm;awG tm;vHk;&yf 'Drdef;rokH;OD;ydwfaewmudk &xm;vm w,fvYkd xifw,f/ em;vnfwo hJ al wG tpdk;&uawmU vlawGudk
'geq hJ ikd af cgi;f u oGm;NyD;jyefvYkdr&awmhbl;/ Taxi um; csdefrSm twif;wdk;ausmfNyD; 0ifrSyJ u ajymqdkaecsdefrSm vkyfoifhw,fvdkY awmfawmfav;
awGvnf; rvdkufawmhbl;/ tm;vHk; &xm;xJuakd &mufawmhw,f/ &xm;u xifw,fav/ vdkufvkyfvdkY udk,fh
&xm;vdik ;f udk ½Iy, f uS cf wfuek w f ,f/ 'DaeYrS qdik rf mS qdkufr,fhae&meJY uRefawmfhtdrfu tusKd ; bmysupf ;D oGm;rSmvkYv d /J tckawmh ulnDygw,f/ qefawG?
zke;f qufNy;D ar;MunfaU wmU Order u vltrsm;MuD;0ifr,fqakd wmh vrf;avQmufwm 35 rdepfavmufudk em;raxmifawmh bmwwfEidk af o;vJ/ tpm;tpmawG?
zdak cgif;eJY pum;ajymwJt h cgrSm *ufpf vrf ; avQmuf & w,f / yH k r S e f u DCS : 'DaeYawmh &xm;awG vHkvHk
ajray:&xm;vdik ;f awG oH;k zdYku jyóem/ ivsiv f yI &f if *ufpf blwmuae av;rdepfy/J uReaf wmfu avmufavmufrxGub f ;l / wcsKUd vdik ;f apmifawGa&mayg/h
tukeyf w d Nf y;D roHk;&vdkY rSmxm;w,fav/ 'gayrJh awmfao;w,f/ uRefawmfrh ed ;f ruqdk awGqydk w d x f m;w,f/ vQypf pf"mwftm; vlawGuv kd nf; csucf si;f
rwwfEdkifbl;/ *ufpfudk oHk;&w,f/ ta0;MuD;u avQmuf&wm/ okH;em&D aMumihaf v/ 'DreufrmS vnf; tPkjrL
ajratmuf&xm; qdkifu tapmMuD; ydwfvdkuf&w,f/ avmufuakd vQmuf&w,f/ olu om; tkd;uxyfaygufjyefw,f/ uRefru
[,fvaD umfywmeJh
wcsKYyd oJ mG ;vdh&k w,f n 9 em&D r S m aygh / uRef a wmf u orD;aZmuyfaewmav/ tdraf &mufrS awmh a&eJY tpm;taomufawGudk &SmMuw,f/ wcsKd Y
ajymw,f/ tJ'geJh pm;aomufqikd zf dkxrJ mS [if;csuq f &m wDADMunfhvdkuf&awmh awmfawmfudk pkaqmif;xm;w,f/ 'DaeYnvnf; vlawGuawmh
aygh/ jzpfcsifawmh naeqif;r,fhol xdwfvefY&yHkudk jrifawGY&NyD; pdwf ivsiBf uD;wpfck *syefyifv,frmS 'Do;kH
uRefawmfUrSm ygvmwJU awGu &xm;r&SdvdkY vmvdkYr&bl; raumif;jzpfrw d ,f/ ivsiu f r&yfb;l / &uftwGif; xyfvIyfr,fqkdwmudk aysmufaeqJy/J qlemrDu
&xm;ajryHZk ,m;udk av/ uReaf wmf? zdak cgif;eJY vufaxmuf vIyaf ewke;f yJ/ tJ'D wpfnvH;k tdyv f Ykd aMunmxm;w,f/ uRefrom;awG&JY t&rf;jrefw,f/
oHk;a,mufeJY vl 200 avmufqHhwJh r&bl;/ uRefawmfwdkuawmh enf; q&mrawGuawmh twwfEdkifqHk;
MunfNyD;awmU tdrfeJh qdkifrSm vHk;yef;&w,f/ enf;apmifhMunfhw,f/ Mumvm&if uav;awGudk tdrfrSmxm;zdkY awmif;
tpd;k &u aMunmNy;D
teD;qH;k blwmudk Voice: tJ ' D a eY u qd k i f r em;vd k u f qifajy;&wmyJ/ *syefu taqmufttkH qkdxm;Muw,f/ ausmif;rSmvnf; vlawGuv kd nf;
bl;vm;/ awGu tkwef J ah qmufwmr[kwb f ;l / rD;ysurf mS rkYd vYkdav/ a&uawmh tqif jrifw
h aYJ e&mudk a&TYay;w,f/
a&G;&awmUw,f/ USM: trSefu em;rvdkYyJ/ 'gayrJh oHz&dew f YkdeYJ opfeYJ eH&uH yf pDvifawGeYJ ajyaewk e f ; ygyJ / tpd k ; &uawmh
ajratmuf&xm;twGi;f udk jyefvYkdr&wJt h wlwl atmf'grSmxm;wJh yJ aqmufxm;wm/ uRefawmfwdkYu vlawGudk awmfawmfav; ulnDyg vnf;r&S?d Taxi vnf; rvdu k af wmhb;l /
olawGu zkef;0ifvmwmeJYyJ qufzGifh av;xyfrmS aew,f/ "mwfavSum;u w,f/ qefawG? tpm;tpmawG? apmif Voice: om;orD ; pd w f e J Y a yh h g /
a&mufwmeJh ay;wmyg/ ydwfxm;w,f/ vrf;rSm vlwdkif;u awGa&maygh/ vlawGuv kd nf; csucf si;f DCS : [kwfygw,f/ om;tBuD;u
&xm;apmifaU ewJv U l Voice: bmjzpfvkdY 'DtcsdefrSm atmf'g tay:yJ armhNyD;MunhfaeMuw,f/ [,fvaD umfywmeJY &SmMuw,f/ wcsKd U aeraumif;bJ tefweD YJtrd rf mS useaf e
awGqdkwm wef;pDaewm awGusae&wmvJ/ Voice: wd k u f a wG N yd K rS m pd k ; vk d Y v m;/ vlawGuawmh aysmufaeqJy/J qlemrD cJYw,f/ uRerf olYtwGuf t&rf; pd;k &drf
USM : t&if MudKrSmxm;wJhvleJY? tck USM : aocsmwmaygh / 'D r S m u u t&rf;jrefw,f/ tpd;k &u aMunmNy;D aew,f a v/ om;ti,f u awmh
t&SnMf u;D yJ/ jyefvYkdr&wJoal wGeYJaygif;NyD; vlt&rf; wduk af wGu jrifah wmh tay:u bmus vlawGuv kd nf; jrifw h YJae&mudk a&TUay; tqifajyygw,f/ bmjzpfvYdv k qJ akd wmh
'gayrJU &xm;vmNyq D &kd if rsm;wm/ 'gaMumifh qdkifudk n9 em&D vmrvJvdkYav/ 'gayrJh *syefawGu w,f/ rajy;Edik w f YJoal wGuawmh usef olu ausmif;rSm olYq&mrawGeJY&Sd
ydwrf ,fvYakd wmif;yefNy;D ydwv f u
kd &f w,f/ olwYkdwu kd af wGukd ,HMk unfwhJ yHpk aH wmh wmayghaemf/ a&uvnf; wtm;jrefw,f/ w,fav/ *syefEikd if o H m;awGu ivsif
ta&SYu vlawGu Voice: rd o m;pk e J Y b,f t csd e f r S m &Sdw,f/ txyfjrifhwJhwdkufawGqdk Voice: tJ ' D t csd e f r S m tpf r u vmr,fq&dk if b,fvv dk yk &f r,fqw dk m
pnfurf;zsuNf y;D tquftoG,fjyef&ovJ/ tJ'DrSmyJaeMuw,f/ tckajymae&if; b,frSm&SdaevJ/ odMuw,fav/ jzpfwmu wpfEikd if v H ;kH
USM : 'geJY qdkifacgif;u &xm; ivsif v I y f a ew,f / puf 0 d k i f ; vd k DCS : tJ'DaeYuawmh uRefr &xm; av/ &J a wG v nf ; b,f v k d r S
t&ifw;kd Ny;D 0if&w,f/ vdkif;udk zkef;qufNyD; ar;Munfhawmh vIyfaew,f/ wpfcsufwpfcsuf cg xJrmS yg / uRerf xifwmu rawmfwq rulnDEdkif Mubl;/
rwwfEidk b f ;l av/ ajray:&xm;vdkif;awG tukefydwfNyD; ovdk wjznf;jznf;csif;/ rI wpfckckjzpfwmayghaemf/ 'gayrJh Voice: tpf r vnf ; awmf a wmf
ajratmuf&xm;wcsKUd yJomG ;vdYk&w,f Voice: tpfudkwkdY awmfawmf rawmfwqrI wpfcrk [kwb f ;l / t&rf;Bu;D aMum uf o G m ;rS m yJ a emf /
aMumuf
ivsiu f vIyaf ewke;f yJu;kd /
ajymw,f/ tJ'geJY uRefawmfhrSm yg aMumuf oGm;rSmayhgaemf/ wJY ivsiBf uD;jzpfaew,f/ uRerf vnf; DCS : uRefrtwGufawmh 'Davmuf
wu,f 'ku©a&muf&if vmwJh &xm;ajryHkZ,m;udk MunfhNyD; USM : yxrawmh aMumufwmaygh/ wkdusdKNrdKUxJuae tdrfudk oHk;em&D r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayrJh uRefr wpfa,muf
bmwwfEidk rf mS vJ/ awmh tdrfeJY teD;qHk;blwmudk a&G;& 'gayrJh jzpfvmrSawmh &ifqikd ½f ykH &J w dS m avmuf vrf;avQmufjyef&w,f/ wnf;r[kwfbl;av/
awmhw,f/ ajratmuf&xm;twGif; ud k ; / uRef a wmf a wG ; wmuawmh vlwdkif;ygyJ/ &xm;vnf;r&Sd? um; ZmPD x G P f ;
32
The
VOICE INTERVIEW Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
TIPS
Monday, March 28 - April 3 , 2011
VOICE
The
EdkifiHwumynma&;uGef&uf Navitas
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jref ynma&;uGef&u uffwpfckjzpfaom Navitas taMumif; rdwfqufvdkufygonf/
Navitas onf University Pro- versity of Southern Australia ESifh wdkuf½dkufqufvufa&G;cs,fwuf
grams, English, Worksforce ESihf Stu- pifumylEdkifiH&Sd Curtin Singapore a&mufEdkifonf/
dent Recruitment [lí u@av;ck ponfu h rÇmeh mrnfBuD;wuúov kd rf sm; tqdkyg Navitas Pathway rsm;
cGJjcm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/ wGifyg0ifaom EdkifiHwumynma&; onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;
Navitas aumvd y f r sm;wG i f uGef&ufBuD;wpfckjzpfonf/ twGuf tar&duefwuúodkvfrsm;odkY
ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ausmif;om;aygif; Edik if w
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av;aomif;cGJcefY0ifa&mufpm&if;ay; a&;pepfcsif; rwlnDMuonfhtm; NAdwdefESifh MopaMw;vs&Sd emrnf
oG i f ; vsuf & S d N yD ; 2010 jynf h E S p f avsmfpGm EdkifiHwpfckrSwpfckodkY ajymif; BuD;wuúov kd rf sm;odYk GCE 'A' rvdb k J
pufwifbmvwGif NAdwdef? uae'g? a&TUynmoifMum;&mwGif tqifajy jrefrmEdkifiHrS wuúodkvf0ifwef; odkY
MopaMw;vs? tar&du? pifumyl? acsmarGUap&ef Navitas onf ,if;ESifh r[kwf GCE 'O' atmifjrifygu wdu k f
uifnm? tif'dkeD;&Sm;? oD&dvuFmEdkifiH csdwfqufxm;onfhwuúodkvfrsm; ½dkufwufa&mufEdkifaMumif;? bGJUvGef qufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Navitas ½Hk;csKyfudk Level 2,
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FOREIGN AFFAIRS VOICE
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