Training Agenda: Monitoring

Equipment

Electrical measuring instruments

Monitoring Equipment

Combustion analyzer
Manometers
Thermometers
Water flow meters
Speed measurement
Leak detectors
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Lux meters © UNEP 2006
 Manometers

What does it do?

Monitoring Equipment

• Measure the differential pressure across two

points
•Positive pressure
•Negative pressure (vacuum)
• The liquid-column manometer is the oldest
type: a U-shaped tube half-full of liquid
• Liquid: oil, water, mercury
• A barometer is a manometer!!
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© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

What does it do - Principles

Monitoring Equipment

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Source: Dwyer Instruments, www.dwyer-inst.com
© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

Where is it used?
Monitoring Equipment

• To measure pressure differential in air pipes,

water pipes, gas pipes
• Of various equipment, mainly compressors,
pumps, and draft systems

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© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

How to operate them – main types

Monitoring Equipment

of manometers
1) Single-limb Liquid-column Manometer
2) Flexible Membrane Manometer
3) Coiled Tube Manometer

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© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

How to use a manometer: air pipes

Monitoring Equipment

and ducts
Flexible Membrane Manometer
Manometer

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 Probes
Manometers

How to use a Display

screen
manometer:
Monitoring Equipment

air pipes and

ducts
• Turn on
• Select measurement
unit
• Measured value
appears on screen
Dwyer Series 477 – Handheld Digital
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Manometer, www.dwyer.co.kr
© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

How to use a manometer: air pipes

Monitoring Equipment

and ducts
• Bournoulli equation to calculate velocity:
• Differential pressure = v2/2g, where
• Differential pressure: measured
• v = velocity
• g = gravity

• Velocity – air flow – efficiency

fans/blowers etc 8
© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

How to use a manometer: water

Monitoring Equipment

pipes

10 m

Water pipeline
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 Manometers

How to use a manometer: water pipes

Monitoring Equipment

• Differential pressure = f Lv2/2gD, where

• Differential pressure: measured
• f = friction factor of pipe
• L = distance between two tappings
• V = velocity
• D = pipe diameter
• g = gravity

• Velocity – flow rate – efficiency of pump

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© UNEP 2006
 Manometers

Precautions
Monitoring Equipment

• Do not expose the manometer to very

high pressures
• Always consult the operating manual
before use

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© UNEP 2006