CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

HEAT EXCHANGERS
 Introduction
• Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate heat
transfer between two or more fluids at different
temperatures.
• Many types of heat exchangers are developed
to meet the demand of processes.
• Applications of heat exchangers are wide, such
as steam power plants, chemical processes,
building heating, air conditioning, house hold
refrigerators, car radiators, radiators for space
vehicles, etc.
Classification of heat exchanger
• Compactness
• Construction
• Flow arrangement
• Heat transfer
mechanism
 COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER
• A heat exchanger having surface to volume ratio
more than 700 m2/m3 is known as compact heat
exchanger
• High value of compactness reduces the volume
for a specific heat exchanger performance.
• Compactness becomes importance when one
thinks about the criticality of the process such as
aircraft, aerospace vehicles, automobile
radiators, heating, ventilation and air
conditioning, etc.
SOME COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS
 Construction
• Recuperator
 Regenerators
STORAGE TYPE

Ruthemuhle Regenerator

Heat Wheel
 Classification by flow
arrangement

1. Parallel Flow 2. Counter Flow

3. Cross Flow
 Pass flow arrangement
1 shell pass, 2 tube pass
1-2 heat exchanger

2-4 heat exchanger

3-6 Heat exchanger

 Heat transfer Mechanism
• Heat exchangers can be classified based
on the heat transfer mechanism
• Single phase forced or free convection
( sensible heat transfer)
• Phase change ( boiling and condensation)
• Radiation or combined convection and
radiation.
Heat transfer in heat exchanger
 Overall heat transfer coefficient
with fouling
• Fouling occurs
because of deposits
on the surface of heat
exchanger wall
increasing the
resistance to heat hsi , hs 0  Scale heat transfer coefficient
transfer

1 1 1 xw 1 1
    
U 0 A0 hi Ai hsi Ai k w Al m h0 A0 hs 0 Ao
Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger
Correction Factor

Tlm  F Tlm ,CF

Phase change: F=1
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD
• Rating and sizing problems
• Rating problem
 Determination of heat transfer rate, fluid
outlet temperature and pressure drop in
an existitng heat exchanger (Known
surface area and tube dimensions)
• Sizing Problem
 Determination of matrix dimension, heat
transfer area etc.