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Unit 2A: An Introdu Ction To AL S Sarf: A Writer Something Write, All of y Don't Any o To Write / Writ
Unit 2A: An Introdu Ction To AL S Sarf: A Writer Something Write, All of y Don't Any o To Write / Writ
Unit 2A: An Introdu Ction To AL S Sarf: A Writer Something Write, All of y Don't Any o To Write / Writ
Unit 2A: An Introduction to AL‐SSARF ﺼﺮف
اﻟﺼ ?
Sarf is the study of an inttricate system of conjugationn in Arabic thatt allows for thee creation of vaarious meaninggful
words consistent with se et patterns. To
o keep it simplee, Sarf is the study the formuula by which yo ou can create tons of
words from m just one worrd.
o create 9 kindss of words. Thiis includes 6 kinds of ﻓﻌﻞ and
In Sarf basics, we seek to d 3 kinds of ﺳﻢ
اﺳ . For now juust
pay attention to the Engllish example th
hough I’ve provvided you an A Arabic one for eeach here as wwell.
ْ
i. Past Te
ense such as ﻛﺘﺒﺖ She wrote
ﻛ
َََ
ْ
ii.. Passive
e Past Tense such as ﻛُ ِﺘﺒﺖ It (somethin
ﻛ ng fem.) was w written
َ
ْ
iii. Present Tense such as ﻳﻜﺘُﺐ He writes
ُ َ
ْ
ivv. Passive
e Present Tensee such as ﻳﻜﺘﺐ It is being w written or it is w
written
ُ َ ُ
v. The Subjective Ism such as ﺐ ٌ ﻛﺎ ِﺗ ﻛ a writer
ْ
vi. The Ob
bjective Ism such as ب ٌ ﻜﺘ ْﻮ written
ُ ﻣﻜ something
َ
ْ
vii. The Co
ommanding fi’l such as اُﻛﺘُﺒ ْﻮا Write, all of yyou!
ُ
ْ
viii. The Forbidding fi’l ْ
such as ﻻ َﺗﻜﺘُﺒﻮا Don’t any o of you write!
ُ
ٌ
ixx. The Maasdar such as ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ to write / writ
ﻛ ting
َ ِ
In order to
o have a workin
ng knowledge o of sarf essentiaals, you don’t aactually have tto worry aboutt all 9 items listted
above. Justt concern yourrself with items i, iii and ix. Th
he pattern we discussed in th he session asso
ociated with th
his
document was
ً
ﺳﻠﻢ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ْﺳ
إﺳﻼﻣﺎ َ أ َ ْﺳ
ُ َ
I expect alll of you to know this three w word line by heaart and preciseely. This is you ur first pattern.. The first worrd
ْ
أَﺳ َﻠﻢ is passt tense so it is associated witth page 33 from
m your original notes. Just to o help you und derstand how iit
َ
correspond onjugation of أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻢ consistentt with what wee learned on paage
ds with page 33, I’m offeringg you the full co
َ
33 here:
أ َ ْﺳ َﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮا أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻤﺎ أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻢ
ْ ْ
أ َ ْﺳﻠَﻤﻦ أ َ ْﺳﻠَﻤﺘﺎ أ َ ْﺳﻠَﻤﺖ
َ َ َ
ْ أ ْﺳﻠ ْﻤ ْ ْ
أَﺳ َﻠﻤﺘُﻤﺎ
ْ
أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻤﺖ
ُ َ َ َ
ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ
ﻦ
َ ّ ُ أَﺳ َﻠﻤﺘ أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻤﺘُﻤﺎ ﺖ ِ أَﺳ َﻠﻤ
ْ ْ ْ
أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺖ ُ أَﺳ َﻠﻤ
The second word in the line above, ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ corresponds to the present tense we studied on page 39 in our original
ُ
notes. Once again, here is the conjugation based on what we studied previously:
ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮن ﻤﺎن ِ ُﺴ ِﻠ
ْ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ
َ ُ
ْ ْ ْ
ُﺴ ِﻠﻤﻦ ﻤﺎن
ِ ُﺴ ِﻠ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ
َ ُ
ْ
ُﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤﻮن ْ ﻤﺎن ْ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ
َ ِ ُﺴ ِﻠ ُ
ْ ْ
ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻤﻦ ﻤﺎن
ِ ﻠ
ِ ﺴ ْ
ُ َ ِ ُﺴ ِﻠ
ﲔ ﻤ ْ
َ
ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ أ ُ ْﺳ ِﻠﻢ
ُ ُ
ْ
Though ﻳﻨﺼﺮ on page 39 began with the ي the 14 words you see right above begin with ي. The sound on the ي ( or
ُ ُ َ َ ُ
ً
ت or أ or ن for that matter) is determined by the pattern. Since we are studying the أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻢ ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ِإ ْﺳﻼﻣﺎ pattern which
ُ َ
necessitates a ي in ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ, the rest of the conjugations will have to be the same way.
ُ ُ
So the first word is past tense. أ َ ْﺳ َﻠﻢ means ‘he submitted’. The second is present/future tense ُ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ is ‘he submits
َ ُ
/ will submit ‘. The third word is actually an اﺳﻢ unlike the first two words which were ﻓﻌﻞ . It isn’t enough to just