1

srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI vwlw

srdwr Swm isMG is`K ieiqhws dw iek cmkdw

hIrw hY[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jI dy smyN v`K-v`K muihMmW
ivc, qy mhwrwjw swihb dI mOq auprMq sBrwvW dI lVweI
ivc ivKweI byimswl bhwdrI kwrx auh is`K pMQ dy ggn-
mMfl ivc DrU qwry dI qrHW cmk irhw hY[ s. Swm isMG dy
v`fy-v`fyirAW dw ip`Cw jYslmyr sI[ pihlW ieh PUl qy
mhwrwj dy ipMfW ivc Awbwd hoey qy iPr sMn 1735 eI. ivc
ienHW dy kuJ bMdy jgrwauN dy ielwky dy ipMf (kwauNky) ivKy Aw
ky Awbwd hoey[ is`K imslW dy smyN ienHW dy gohr isMG qy
horW isMGW ny mwJy ivc Aw ky kwauNky nwm dw iek hor ngr
vswieAw[ iPr bYrwgI swDUAW dy kihx qy s. gohr isMG
ny iek purwxI Qyh qy ipMf vswieAw qy au`Qy au`cI AtwrI Aw
bxweI[ ijs qy ipMf dw nwm AtwrI pY igAw[ ieQy rihx
vwly srdwr, AtwrI vwly khwaux l`gy[ ies ipMf dy
vsnIk s. Swm isMG dy bzurg, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG
dIAW POjW ivc nokr ho ky cMgy murwqby qy p`uj gey[ aunHW dy
ipqw s. inhwl isMG, s. swihb isMG BMgI pws nOkr sI[
sMn 1795 Aqy 1798 ivc APgwnW ny s. swihb
isMG BMgI qoN gujrwq (vrqmwn pwiksqwn ivc) dw ielwkw KwlI krvwaux leI aunHW (s. swihb isMG
BMgI) nwl jMg kIqy[ pihly jMg ivc bhwdr Kwn iek`lw qy dUjI lVweI Aihmd Swh AbdwlI Aqy
bhwdr Kwn, A&gwn POjW dI AgvweI kr rhy sn[ dohW lVweIAW ivc A&gwn bVI bhwdrI nwl
lVy, pr aunHW nUM isMGW h`QoN krwrI hwr hoeI[ Aihmd Swh AbdwlI nUM isMGW ny mwr id`qw[ s. inhwl
isMG jI ny ienHW lVweIAW ivc bhwdrI dy jOhr ivKwey[ mgroN s. swihb isMG BMgI dI nOkrI C`f ky s.
inhwl isMG, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG pws Aw igAw qy is`K POj ivc kmWfr vjoN inXukq hoieAw[ aus ny
hr v`fI lVweI ivc ih`sw ilAw[ ksUr dI ij`q smyN Aqy mulqwn auqy cVHweI smyN aus ny ivSyS bhwdrI
ivKweI[
Awpxy ipqw dy mhwrwjw dI nOkrI ivc huMidAW hI sR. Swm isMG AtwrI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI
nOkrI ivc Aw cu`ky sn[ ipqw ny Awpxy hoxhwr spu`qr nUM GoV-svwrI, qlvwr clwauxI, qIr-AMdwzI qy
aus smyN dI lVweI dy krq`vW qoN jwxU hI nhIN sI krvwieAw sgoN inpuMn kr id`qw sI[
jdoN p`uqr s. Swm isMG nUM Awpxy ipqw dI QW inXukq hox dw Avsr pRwpq hoieAw qW s. Swm
isMG dI bhwdrI dy kwrnwmy vyK ky mhwrwjw swihb ny mihsUs kIqw ik ieh nOjvwn Awpxy bhwdr ipqw
dy is`K-rwj leI Gwty nUM pUrw kr ivKwvygw[
s. inhwl isMG dy huMidAW hI s. Swm isMG ienwm vjoN iek hIirAW jVHI klgI mhwrwjw rxjIq
swihb qoN pRwpq kr cu`kw sI[
su`Ko (hux pwiksqwn) dy ielwky dI 50,000 rupey swlwnw dI Awpxy ipqw s. inhwl isMG dI
jwgIr dw vwrs s. Swm isMG bixAw[
1818 eI. ivc ipqw dy clwxy mgroN hoeI pihlI lVweI ivc s. Swm isMG ny bhuq bhwdrI
idKweI[ mulqwn dI ies lVweI ivc BMgIAW dI qop AMimRqsr qoN mulqwn ByjI geI, ijs ivc iek mx
p`ky dw golw pYNdw sI[ dohW iDrW dI zbrdsq t`kr ho rhI sI[ is`K POjW ny Sihr qW ij`q ilAw, pr
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auh mzbUq iklHw sr nhIN sI kr pw rhy sn, ijs ivc 20,000 ZwzI mulqwn dy nvwb muzPr vloN lV
rhy sn[ EDr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG lwhOroN bwhr kYNp ivc Aw gey qy AYlwn kIqw ik mihlW ivc qd
hI vVWgw jdoN mulqwn dw iklHw is`K sUrmy Pqih kr lYxgy[
ies lVweI ivc is`K sUrbIrW dI lwswnI kurbwnI dw hwl munSI gulwm jIlwnI jMgnwmw mulqwn
ivc ies pRkwr kIqw hY:-
"mYN vI is`KW vwlw Bys bxw ky is`KW dy kYNp ivc nvwb mu`zPr Kwn dy sUhIey vjoN iPr qur irhw sI[ 2
jUn, 1818 nUM jdoN mYN roz dI qrHW AwpxI ifaUtI qy inkilAw qW Acwnk iek pwisauN mYnUM kuJ Sor-Srwbw
suxweI id`qw : jd mYN rOly vwlI QW qy p`ujdw hW qW kI dyKdw hW ik 12-13 isMG Awps ivc JgV rhy
hn, 'mYN pihlW, mYN pihlW'[ A`gy ho ky vyiKAw qW if`Tw ky BMgIAW vwlI qop dw iek phIAw t`ut cu`kw hY[
iklHy dI dIvwr qoVn dI smr`Qw kyvl ies qop ivc sI[ isMGW ny qopcI dI qjvIz Anuswr vwrI-vwrI
phIey dI QW Awpxy mOFy fwhxy pRvwn kr ley qy iek dUjy qoN A`gy ho-ho ky mOFy fwh-fwh ky ShIdIAW
pwaux l`gy[ isMGW dI ies lwswnI kurbwnI dw sdkw qop goly dwgdI rhI qy iklHy dI dIvwr nUM Fwhux
ivc sPl ho geI[ dIvwr Fihx dI dyr sI ik AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG dI AkwlI POj t`utI QW qoN t`p ky
AMdr jw vVI qy duSmx nwl h`Qo-h`QI lVweI ivc jUJ ky Pqih pRwpq kIqI[
nvwb muz`Pr Kwn bVI bhwdrI nwl lVdw hoieAw Awpxy do p`uqrW smyq ShId ho igAw[ s.
Swm isMG ies lVweI ivc bhuq bhwdrI nwl lVy[ aunHW dy mOFy qy ikrpwn dw krwrw P`t l`gw qy auh
burI qrHW zKmIN ho gey[ s. Swm isMG dI bhwdrI dI vwrqw sux ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG gdgd ho gey
Aqy aunHW dy mn auqy ies dw fUMGw pRBwv ipAw[
s. hrI isMG nlUey qy s. Swm isMG dI imlvIN sUJ-bUJ qy bhwdrI dw sdkw isMGW ny SpeIAW dy
mYdwn ivc A&gwnW ivru`D ij`q pRwpq kIqI, ijs dy sdkw swrw kSmIr is`K-rwj dy ADIn ho igAw[
ies ij`q dI KuSI ivc mhrwjw rxjIq isMG vloN iqMn idn AMimRqsr swihb Aqy lwhOr ivc dIpmwlw
kIqI geI[ s. Swm isMG nUM iek suMdr qy kImqI puSwk mhwrwjw swihb qoN ienwm vjoN pRwpq hoeI[
bwlwkot dI lVweI smyN jo s`Xd Aihmd bRylvI dy jhwdIAW Aqy KwlseI POjW ivcwly hoeI, kMvr
Syr isMG Aqy Swm isMG AtwrI ivc mqByd ho igAw[ kMvr Syr isMG ny AMq s. Swm isMG dI su`cjI
slwh mMn leI, ijs sdkw isMGW nUM inrxwiek ivjY pRwpq hoeI qy jhwd dy mOFI sX`d Aihmd brylvI
dI lwS isMGw dy h`Q AweI[ isMGW ny au`Gy duSmx dI lwS nUM vI pUry siqkwr nwl dPnwieAw[ ies
lVweI dI ij`q dI KuSI ivc kMvr Syr isMG, s. jY isMG Aqy s. Swm isMG AtwrI nUM ierwnI bMdUkW qy
mohrW Awid qoN Cu`t jhwdIAW dy iqMn JMfy vI ienwm vjoN id`qy gey[ ies lVweI mgroN s. Swm isMG
bhwdrI, infrqw qoN Cu`t POjI h`QkMifAW dI isAwxp kwrx vI pRis`D hoieAw[
1834 eI. ivc bMnUM dI ij`q ny ijs dy ivc s. Swm isMG dw GoVw vI mwirAw igAw, s. Swm isMG
dI idRVqw, isAwxp qy bhwdrI dw is`kw sB qy ibTw id`qw[
s. Swm isMG ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qy poqy Aqy s. KVk isMG dy sp`uqr kMvr nOinhwl isMG
nwl AwpxI lVkI nwnkI dw irSqw krn dw pRsqwv kIqw[ jo mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny pRvwn kr
ilAw[ 1835 eI. ivc mMgxI hoeI qy mwrc 1837 eI. ivc ieh ivAwh dw kwrj isry ciVHAw[ kMvr
nOinhwl isMG dw ivAwh bVy Swhwnw TwT nwl hoieAw[ mhwrwjw swihb ny idl KolH dy dwn id`qw[ Awp
ny POjI-bhwdr srdwrW nUM vI "kOkib-iekbwl-ie-pMjwb" nwm dy iKqwbW nwl snmwinAw[ ieh iKqwb
iesy ivAwh qoN hI ArMB hoey sn[
ies qrHW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl kuVmwcwrI ho jwx krky srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI dw rwj
drbwr ivc mwn-siqkwr hor vD igAw[
eIsvI sMn 1838 ivc AMgryzW, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy Swh suzwh ivcwly iek sMDI hoeI,
ies dw mnorQ Swh sujwh nUM kwbl dw bwdSwh bxwauxw sI[ ies sMDI Anuswr jdoN KwlseI POjW lwhOroN
ByjIAW geIAW qW ienHW POjW dI srpRsqI vjoN kMvr nOinhwl Aqy s. Swm isMG nUM ByijAw igAw[
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mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy Akwl clwxw kr jwx mgroN mhwrwjw Syr isMG ny 1841 eI. ivc Swh
suzwh dy pirvwr Aqy kYptn jwrz bRwfPu`t nUM pMjwb ivcoN dI lMGw ky APgwinsqwn qk sur`iKAq
phuMcwaux leI s. Swm isMG dI ifaUtI lgweI[ ies kMm leI is`K POj aunHW dI srdwrI Q`ly ByjI[ s.
Swm isMG ny ieh kwrj S`kI suBwA dy bRwfPu`t dIAW keI qrHW dIAW aukswhtW dy bwvjUd bVy su`cjy FMg
nwl isry cwiVHAw Aqy is`K rwj Aqy eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ivcwly sbMD ivgwVn ivc bRwfPu`t nUM sPl nw
hox id`qw[ ies kwPly ivc Swh-suzwh dy pirvwr dIAW koeI 600 iesqrIAW, kuJ nOkr Aqy aunHW dw
kImqI swzo-smwn sI, ijs dI rwKI leI AMgryzW vloN bRwfPu`t inXukq hoieAw sI[ ies kwPly ny
AMgryzI ielwky dy luiDAwxy Sihr qoN c`l ky kwbl pu`jxw sI[
15-09-1843 nUM mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy mu`K-mMqrI iDAwn isMG dy s. lihxw isMG, s. AjIq
isMG sMDwvwlIAw dy h`QoN kql hox mgroN nwbwlg dlIp isMG nUM qKq qy ibrwjmwn kIqw igAw qy iDAwn
isMG fogry dw pu`qr hIrw isMG fogrw Awp mu`K-mMqrI bx bYTw[ ieh nOjvwn bVI dyr qoN ies pdvI qy
hI nhIN sgoN, pMjwb dw mhwrwjw bxn dy supny lY irhw sI[ ies ny Awpxy ivroDIAW nUM iek-iek krky
mukwauxw SurU kIqw[ pihlW qW ies ny Awpxy sky cwcy sucyq isMG nUM POjIAW h`QoN kql krvwieAw qy
POjIAW dIAW qnKwvW vDw ky, sony dy kYNTy Awid dy ky Awpxy v`l kIqw iPr is`K POjIAW dy h`QoN hI sMq
bwbw bIr isMG nOrMgwbwd vwilAW nUM qop dy goly nwl aufvw id`qw qy hor injI ivroDIAW nUUM mwr
mukwieAw[ bwbw bIr isMG nUM Kqm krn vwlIAW POjW jdoN vwps prqIAW qW lokweI ny ienHW nUM
iPtkwrW pweIAW, pr hIrw isMG ienwm dy-dy ky ienHW POjIAW nUM Awpxy v`l krI r`Kx ivc sPl irhw[
ies Gtnw qoN pihlW hI s. Swm isMG Awpxy lVky dy clwxy kwrx AtwrI gey hoey sn[
jdoN POjIAW dI hIrw isMG dy AwKy l`g ky kIqI ies AqI nIc hrkq dw pqw l`gw qW POjIAW nUM
aunHW iPtkwrW pweIAW qy ikhw, jy rupey dI hI quhwnUM Bu`K sI qW mYQoN lY lYNdy[ bwbw bIr isMG vrgy is`K
rwj dy ihmwieqI mhWpurK nUM mwr mukwaux vrgw iGRxq kMm qusW ikauN kIqw? quhwnUM Awpxy Drm ivc p`ky
rihxw cwhIdw hY Aqy AYvyN fogirAW dIAW cwlW ivc Aw ky Kwlsw rwj nUM kmzor nhIN krnw cwhIdw[
s. Swm isMG hIrw isMG dy ies kwry qoN bhuq duKI hoey[ 1844 dy dsMbr dI 12 qwrIK dw idn hIrw isMG
leI bVw mnhUs is`D hoieAw[ rwxI izMdW mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM lY ky POjW ivc jw pu`jI qy kihx l`gI,
"ik Kwlsw jI jykr pMjwb dw bwdSwh dlIp isMG hY qW auh myrI, myry Brw qy hor is`K srdwrW dI slwh
nwl rwj krygw qy jy Asl ivc bwdSwh (muK mMqrI) hIrw isMG hY qW myrw b`cw dlIp isMG AijhI
bwdSwhI nUM A`j hI C`fdw hY"
POjIAW ny auqr id`qw ik swfw bwdSwh pUry qOr qy s. dlIp isMG hY qy siq sRI Akwl dy
jYkwirAW dI gUMj duAwrw POjIAW ny ies PYsly dI puStI vI kr id`qI[
jdoN hIrw isMG nUM is`K POjIAW dI rwxI izMdW leI ieqnI pRb`l ihmwieq dw pqw l`gw qW auh
Awpxy injI slwhkwr (is`K rwj dy duSmx) ‘pMfq jly’ sxy hwQIAW au`qy svwr ho ky DoKy nwl mihlW
ivc jwx dw bhwnw krky jMmU v`l nUM B`j Kloqw Aqy dovyN aunHW 3 hzwr fogry POjIAW ivc jw pu`jy[ ijnHW
nUM lwhOroN bwhr jMmU dy rsqy ivc A`goN dI hI siQq kIqw hoieAw sI[ hIrw isMG qy pMfq jlw lwhOr
drbwr dw Kzwnw vI nwl lY jwx ivc sPl ho gey sn[
jdoN hIrw isMG qy pMfq jly ieauN Kzwny smyq iKskx dw smwcwr s. Swm isMG AtwrI nUM
imilAw, qW aunHW is`K POjW nUM lY ky ienHW BgOiVAW qy is`K rwj dy vYrIAW dw ipCw kIqw[ fogry, is`K
POjW dw mukwblw nw kr sky hIrw isMG ny BjidAW hoieAW nwl ilAwdw Dn POjIAW v`l su`t ky AwpxI
jwn bcwaux dw Xqn kIqw, pr Swm isMG AtwrI dI POj hyT lV rhy is`K POjIAW pwsoN ieh dovyN bc nw
sky qy sdw dI nINd suAw id`qy gey[ s. Swm isMG dI bVy icrW dI rIJ A`j ienHW is`K rwj nwl DRoh
krn vwilAW dI AlK mukw ky pUrI hoeI qy auh lwhOr drbwr dw Kzwnw vI vwps ilAWaux ivc sPl
hoey[ jMmU qoN Awey fogry isr qy pYr r`K ky B`jy qy keI hIrw isMG nUM bcwauNdy hoey mOq dy mUMh jw pey[
hIrw isMG dy GroN koeI 30 ku l`K rupey dw swjo-smwn inkilAw jo zbq kr ilAw igAw[
hux rwjw gulwb isMG nUM soDx dI ifaUtI vI s. Swm isMG AtwrI dI l`gI[ rwjw gulwb isMG ny
Awpxy Brw sucyq isMG dI lwhOr drbwr vloN pRwpq jwgIr(ijhVI ik sucyq isMG dy inrsMqwn mrn mgroN
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lwhOr drbwr dy kbzy ivc clI jwxI cwhIdI sI) qy nwzwiez kbzw hIrw isMG dy vkq qoN kIqw
hoieAw sI[ hIrw isMG ny Awpxy muK mMqrI dy Ahudy qy hox smyN Awpxy Brw mIAW jvwhr isMG rwhI
lwhOr drbwr dw bhuq swrw Dn jMmU ies leI ByijAw sI ik ies Dn nUM vrq ky fogirAW dI iek POj
iqAwr kIqI jwvy, jo smW Awaux qy lwhOr drbwr qy fogirAW dw rwj kwiem krn ivc shweI hovy Aqy
jo BIVw Aw bxy qy (is`K rwj dy vYrI) fogirAW (hIrw isMG, pMfq jly Awid) dI rwKI kr sky[
hux lwhOr drbwr qy jMmU dy rwjw gulwb isMG (iDAwn isMG dy Brw) pwsoN mMg kIqI geI ik auh-
1. sucyq isMG dI jwgIr lwhOr drbwr nUM vwps kry, 2. hIrw isMG dy smyN dI jMmU v`l bkwieAw rkm
vwps kry, 3. hIrw isMG dw ielwkw qy mwl lwhOr drbwr dy hvwly kry[
gulwb isMG ny koeI vI g`l nw mMnI qy mukwblw krn leI iqAwr ho igAw[ iek lMmy Gol mgroN
7-ApRYl-1845 eI. nUM s. Swm isMG AtwrI, s. lwl isMG qy s. syvw isMG mjITIAw rwjw gulwb isMG nUM
lwhOr drbwr ivc pyS krn ivc sPl ho gey[
rwjw gulwb isMG fogry ny lwhOr drbwr ivc pyS ho ky 68 l`K rupey ngd dyxw pRvwn kIqw Aqy
sucyq isMG hIrw isMG dIAW jwgIrW lwhOr drbwr dy hvwly kr id`qIAW[ gulwb isMG nUM 4 mhIny lwhOr
drbwr ivc rih ky ieh swrw ihswb-ikqwb cukwaux mgroN jMmU prqx dI AwigAw iml skI[ lwhOr
drbwr dIAW POjW vloN jMmU dI cVHweI smyN rwjw gulwb isMG ny AMgryzW pwsoN m`dd jwj bRfPu`t rwhIN mMgI
pr aus dw ieh Xqn aus vyly sPl nw ho sikAw[
s. Swm isMG lwhOr drbwr dy rwjsI mwmilAW qoN Awpxy Awp nUM Awm krky dUr jI r`Kdy sn[
fogirAW ivr`uD sMGrS aunHW ies leI kIqw ik fogry mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG mgroN is`K rwj nUM nSt krky
pMjwb ivc fogirAW dw rwj sQwpq krn dIAW gONdW guMddy rihMdy sn Aqy s. Swm isMG is`K rwj dI
pRBqw nUM pRPu`ilq huMdw vyKxw locdy sn[
kyvl fogry hI nhIN, AMgryz vI pMjwb nUM Awpxy ADIn krn dy Xqn kr rhy sn[ AMgryzW ny
Awpxy ies mMqv dI pUrqI leI g`dwr fogirAW dw pUrw-pUrw Pwiedw auTwieAw[ gulwb isMG, qyjw isMG
qy lwl isMG nmk-hrwmIAW ny swizSW rc-rc ky AwKr pMjwb nUM AMgryzI rwj dw ih`sw bxw hI id`qw[
ienHW gdwrW ny AMgryzW nUM pMjwb auqy kbzw krn leI aukswieAw Aqy is`K POjW dy Byd AMgryzW nUM d`sy[
ies dy PlsrUp AMgryzW ny sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw Aqy is`K rwj dy aunHW ielwikAw auqy kbzw kr
ilAw[ ijhVy is`K-rwj dw ih`sw qW sn pr 1809 eI. dI sMDI Anuswr auQy is``K POj nhIN sI r`KI
jWdI[
AMgryzW dy Aijhw krn qy is`K POjW roh ivc AweIAW[ aunHW ny Awpxy ielwky vwps lYx leI
sqluj pwr kIqw[ ieQoN is`KW qy AMgryzW ivcwly jMgW dw ArMB hoieAw[ is`K hr Xu`D ivc jwnW hUl ky
lVy[ jdoN vI is`K ij`q dy nyVy phuMc jWdy, audoN hI fogry AMgryzW nwl swzSW rc ky is`KW dI ij`qI hoeI
bwzI nUM hwr ivc bdl idMdy[
AMgryzW qy is`KW dIAW hyT ilKIAW muK lVweIAW pRis`D hn:-
a) mudkI dI lVweI : 18 Aqy 19 dsMbr 1845
A) PyrU Swh dI lVweI : 21 Aqy 22 dsMbr 1845
e) b`dovwl dI lVweI : 6 jnvrI 1846
s) AwlIvwl ivKy lVweI : 28 jnvrI 1846
h) sBrwvW dI lVweI : 10 PrvrI 1846

is`K POjI qW is`KI dI Awn-Swn leI jIA-jwn nwl lVy[ pr ijs POj dy kmWfr (qyjw isMG qy
lwl isMG) AikRqGx hox Aqy Awpxy hI POjIAW nUM Kqm krn leI duSmxW nwl sMDIAW krn, swzSW
rcx aus dy ij`qx dI klpnw nhIN kIqI jw skdI[
s. Swm isMG AtwrI AMgryzW nwl isMGW dIAW lVweIAW SurU hox qoN pihlW Awpxy spu`qr s.
kwhn isMG dI SwdI qy luiDAwxy izlHy dy ipMf kkVwly gey hoey sn[ Awp lwhOr qoN nOkrI C`f ky vwps
 5
AtwrI Aw gey hoey sn[ lwhOr ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy clwxy mgroN vwprIAW GtnwvW qoN
Awp bhuuq duKI rhy sn Aqy by-lgwmy POjIAW Aqy rwj-AiDkwrIAW dIAW mn mrzIAW swmHxy Awp nUM
byv`s jwx ky nOkrI C`f ky vwps Gr Aw jwx ivc hI Awp ny byhqrI smJI sI[
jdoN kkVwly ipMf ivKy Awey hoey s. Swm isMG AtwrI nUM is`K POjW dy sqluj pwr kr Awaux dI
Kbr imlI qW Awp Jt-pt vwps AtwrI Aw gey[
jdoN mhrwxI izMd kOr nUM is`K POjW dI PyrUSwh ivKy hoeI hwr dI Kbr imlI qW asny ds GoV-
svwrW dw dsqw s. Swm isMG nUM ieh sunyhw dy ky G`ilAw, "srdwr jI hux qusIN hI is`K rwj dy bcwA
leI kuJ kr skdy ho[ Awau qy Aw ky is`K POj dI kmwn sMBwlo[
mhwrwxI dw sunyhw imldy swr s. Swm isMG AtwrI lVweI dy mYdwn nUM jwx leI iqAwr hoey[
GroN qurn qoN pihlW pRx kIqw ik jW qW ij`q pRwpq krky prqWgw jW ShIdI pwvWgw[ hwr ky vwps nhIN
muVWgw[ AtwrI qoN cl ky Awp is`Dy lVweI dy mYdwn ivc pu`j gey, ijQy is`K POjW PyrU Swh dI hwr mgroN
iek`TIAW ho rhIAW sn[ jdoN is`K POjIAW pwsoN aunHW nUM hux q`k dIAW hoeIAW lVweIAW dw hwl pqw
l`gw qW Awp g`dwr qyjw isMG, lwl isMG dIAW Srmnwk krqUqW sux ky suMn ho gey[ ienHW lVweIAW
ivc ijhVw jMgI smwn qy qopW is`K POjIAW dw AMgryzW dy h`Q AwieAw sI aus kwrx is`K POjW dI lVn
dI smr`Qw AMgryzW dy mukwbly bhuq G`t cu`kI sI[ sMBwvq hox vwlI lVweI ivc vI qW hwlW is`K POj nUM
ipCoN jMgI smwn dI m`dd Byjx dw kMm g`dwr qyjw isMG, lwl isMG Aqy aunHW dy toly dy h`Q ivc hI sI[
ienHW hwlwqW ivc srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI nUM is`K POj dI kmWf sMBwlxI peI[ aunHW nUM is`K POj
dI ij`q dI Aws nzr nhIN sI Aw rhI[ pr aunHW pws ieh izMmyvwrI sMBwlx qoN Cu`t hor koeI cwrw vI qW
nhIN sI[
s. Swm isMG ny aunHW POjIAW swmHxy ieh AYlwn kIqw ik auh Awp AMgryzW dw ft ky mukwblw
krngy Aqy Syry pMjwb dy Kwlsw rwj au`qy kbzw krn dy AMgryzW dy Xqn nUM AsPl krn leI pUrI qwx
lw dyxgy[
hwry hoe POjIAW dy idlW nUM ies AYlwn ny Fwrs id`qI qy auh iek vwr iPr iPrMgIAW nwl do-h`Q
krn nUM iqAwr ho pey[
g`dwr qyjw isMG ny hwlW vI g`dwrI vwlw rol jwrI r`iKAw[ 9 PrvrI 1846 eI. nUM AwKrI vwr
aus ny s. Swm isMG nUM SkqISwlI AMgryzW ivru`D lVn dI QwvyN mYdwn ivcoN jwn bcw ky B`j Klox dI
slwh id`qI[ s. Swm isMG ny g`dwr qyjw isMG dy ies koJy suJwA nUM Tukrw id`qw[
qyjw isMG ny A`goN ikhw ik, "jy qUM ieMnw hI bhwdr hYN qW suhM cu`k ik qUM rx BUmI ivcoN n`s ky nhIN
jwvyNgw"[
s. Swm isMG ny qMbU ivc POjI muKIAW dy swmHxy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI ivc Ardwsw kIqw
Aqy pRx kIqw ik jy is`K POj dI hwr hoeI qW Swm isMG AtwrI ijaUNdw vwps Gr nhIN jwvygw[
lVweI leI 10 PrvrI dw idn inSicq ho cu`kw sI[ ijauN hI s. Swm isMG AtwrI dI gurU gRMQ
swihb dI hzUrI ivc kIqI pRiq`igAw dI Kbr is`K POjIAW qk p`ujI, swrw AkwS "PrMgIAW nUM mwr
Bjwau" dy nwhirAW nwl gUMj auiTAw[ is`K POjIAW ivc nvW auqSwh qy joS Br igAw[ iek pwsy s.
Swm isMG ShIdI pwaux dI iqAwrI kr irhw sI qy dUjy pwsy qyjw isMG is`K POjW dI hwr dy mnsUby GV
irhw sI[ gdwr lwl isMG ny is`K POjW dy duSmx AMgryzW nUM is`K Poj dy moricAW Awid dy nkSy bxw ky
Byj irhw sI[ 10 PrvrI dw idn vI qyjw isMG qy lwl isMG ny AMgryzW dI shUlq nUM m`uK r`K ky hI
inSicq krvwieAw sI ikauNik AMgryz nUM 9 PrvrI qk hor POjI m`dd Aw jwxI sI[
s. Swm isMG 10 PrvrI nUM AMimRq vyly auT ky, ieSnwn kIqw, bwxI aucwrx krdy hoey Akwl
purK dw Et Awsrw icqvdy hoey is`K POjIAW ivc jw Kloqy[ is`K POjIAW nUM aunHW dIAW is`K rwj leI
pRwpq kIqIAW ij`qW dI Xwd duAweI qy pRyrnw id`qI ik koeI vI isMG rxBUmI coN ip`T ivKw ky nw B`jy, sgoN
duSmx dy snmuK ho ky bhwdrW vwgUM Awpxy dyS pMjwb dI AzwdI leI lVdw hieAw ij`q pRwpq krky
ShIdI pw jwvy[
 6
s. Swm isMG AtwrI POjIAW nUM sMboDn krn mgroN Awpxy qMbU v`l prqy[ A`j s. Swm isMG du`D
ic`tw bwxw pweI cInI GoVI qy svwr sn[ ieauN jwpdw sI ieh jrnYl mOq rwxI nUM ivAwhux leI rz
q`qy nUM jw irhw hY[
sUrj dI ikrn dI DuMd nUM PwVn dI iFl sI ik AMgryzI qopW coN pihlw golw is`K POjW v`l
dwigAw igAw[ Pyr kI sI isMGW ny DONisAw qy cotW lweIAW qy qopW dy mUMh KolH id`qy Aqy goilAW dw
jvwb goilAW nwl dyx l`gy[
AMgryzW ny (lwl isMG dy d`sy mUjb) isMGW dI kmzor bwhI v`l sr rwbrt ifk ny isMGW dy Dur
s`jy morcy qy hmlw kIqw qy ibnW bhuqy ivroD dy kwPI A`gy Ds igAw[ Awpxy ies kmzor morcy v`l vI
isMGW ny Acwnk h`lw bol ky ifk dy dsqy nUM ipCy D`k id`qw qy ifk nUM vI jKmIN kr id`qw[ ieh vyK
lwrf hwrifMg gvrnr jYnrl cIikAw qy iKMfy jWdy POjIAW nUM iek`Ty krn dw hukm dyx l`gw[ aus dy
AisstYNt ny A`gy v`D ky JMfw Awpxy h`Q PiVAw qy POjIAW dI AgvweI krn l`gw[ auDroN iglbrt vI
ienHW dI m`dd qy pu`j igAw qy ienHW dy POjI fvIznW ny muV iek`iTAW ho isMGW nwl jw m`Qw fwihAw[
auDr Swm isMG AtwrI is`K POj nUM h`lwSyrI dyx leI GoVI nUM Bjw ky hr QWvyN pu`j irhw sI[ is`K
POjI jwnW qoV ky lV rhy sn[
sr igrbrt AMgryzW vloN isMGW dy ivcly moricAW v`l viDAw pr BwrI nukswn krvw ky ipCy
h`t igAw, isMGW ny aus nUM krwry h`Q ivKw ky vwps prqx leI mzbUr kr id`qw[
Swh muhMmd ies vyly dI lVweI nUM Awpxy SbdW ivc ieauN ibAwn krdw hY:-
“AweIAW pVqlW bIV ky qopKwny,
A`goN isMGW ny pwsVy moV id`qy[
syvw isMG qy mwKy KW hoey is`Dy,
h`ly iqMn iPrMgI dy qoV id`qy[
Swm isMG srdwr AtwrI vwly,
bMnH SSqrI joV ivCoV id`qy[
Swh muhMmdw isMGW ny goirAW dy,
vWg inMbUAW lhU incoV id`qy[

ijauN-ijauN smW bIqdw igAw sBrwauN dI ieh jMg zor pkVdI geI[ lVweI ivc iks dw p`lVw BwrI
sI, ieh kihxw vI muSkl sI[ qopW dy goilAW kwrx swrw vwqwvrx DUMAW Dwr sI[ sUrimAW dIAW
cmkdIAW qlvwrW ivc ilSkW mwrdIAW sn[
Acncyq AMgryzW dw qopKwnw A`gy viDAw qy 300 gj dI ivQ qoN is`K POjW qy A`gy vrwaux lgw[
qopW dI CwvyN AMgryz pYdl POjIAW ny sMgInW dI mdd nwl is`KW dy moricAW qy h`lw bol id`qw[ is`K
POjIAW ny vI A`goN pUrw qwx lw ky ies h`ly nUM rokx dw Xqn kIqw pr AMgryz POjIAW ny is`KW dy
moricAW au`qy kbzw kr ilAw[
AMgryzW dy ies Acwnk h`ly ny lVweI dw r`uK isMGW ivru`D kr id`qw[ EDr g`dwr qyjw isMG jo
Aijhy vyly dI hI aufIk kr irhw sI, is`K POjIAW nUM hor mdd qy bwrUd is`kw phuMcwaux dI QwvyN Awpxy
g`dwr swQI POjIAW smyq mYdwny jMg ivcoN B`j Kloqw qy byVIAW dy p`ul auqoN dI sqluj pwr kr igAw[
is`K kOm dI byVI ivc hor v`ty pwaux leI ausny dirAw pwr krky byVIAW dw pul quVvw id`qw qW jo
Awpxy dyS pMjwb dI leI lV rhy is`K POjI ibpqw smyN ipCy ht ky sqluj vI pwr nw kr skx[
EDr iglbrt dy fvIzn ny isMGW dy kyNdrI mzbUq moricAW qy qIjw hmlw kIqw qy iek dUjy dy
moiFAW qy cVH-cHV ky is`KW dIAW qopW qy kbzw kr ilAw[
AMgryz POjIAW dI ies sPlqw dI Kbr (ik aunHW is`KW dIAW qopW qy kbzw kr ilAw) is`K
POjIAW ivc Jtpt PYl geI[
 7
hux s. Swm isMG AtwrI nUM is`K POjW dI hwr swmHxy idsx l`gI[ aunHW AwpxI GoVI nUM A`fI
lweI Aqy qlvwr GumwauNdy hoey pMjvIN ipAwdw AMgryz POj ivc jw vVy[ auh l`gy f`kry krn duSmxW dy
Aqy nwl hI vMgwrdy rhy Awpxy isMG swQIAW nUM mr imtx leI[ Agly pwisauN s. Swm isMG auqy
golIAW dI buCwV hox l`gI[ s`q golIAW CwqI ivc Kw ky, sBrwvW dI jMg dw is`K POjw dw jrnYl, s.
Swm isMG AtwrI GoiVEN Q`ly DVm if`gw qy AwpxI pRiq`igAw pUrI krdw hoieAw dyS pMjwb dI AzwdI
leI ShIdI pw igAw[ is`K POjI AwpxIAW qlvwrW dy jOhr ivKWdy rhy qy ShId ho ho DrqI qy if`gdy
rhy[
ieauN Kqm hoeI sBrwvW dI lVweI, AMgryzW dI ij`q hoeI ijsy kwrx pMjwb dy gl ZulwmI dy p`ky
sMgl pY gey[
jdoN s. Swm isMG AtwrI dI dyh dI FUMf kIqI geI qW auh aus QW imlI, ijQy AMgryzW dw morcw
sI[ srdwr dI dyh Q`ly AMgryz POjIAW dIAW lwSw dw Fyr sI[
s. Swm isMG dI dyh nUM is`K POjIAW ny l`kVIAW dy qu`ly duAwrw qYr ky sqlujoN pwr kIqw qy mgroN siqkwr
sihq aunHW dy ipMf AtwrI phuMcwieAw[
jdoN s. Swm isMG AtwrI dI dyh nUM lMbU lgwieAw igAw Aqy A`g dIAW lptW Awsmwn v`l
auTIAW qW vyKx vwilAW ny ieh mihsUs kIqw ik ijvyN srdwr Swm isMG dI dyh nhIN sgoN dyS pMjwb dI
AzwdI nUM lMbU l`igAw hovy[
jdoN s. Swm isMG dI sUrbIrqw Aqy lwswnI ShIdI dw is`K POjIAW Aqy Awm is`KW qy ieMnw cMgw
pRBwv ipAw ik aunHW sBrwvW dI hwr dw bdlw lYx dw mn bxw ilAw qy AMgyrz ivdySIAW nUM nPrq dI
ngwh nwl qd qk vyKdy rhy jd muV cyilAW vwlw qy gujrwq dIAW lVweIAW ivc ienHW iPrMgIAW ivru`D
pUrw gu`sw nw k`F ilAw[
sBrwvW ivKy srdwr Swm isMG dI srdwrI hyT is`KW vloN lVI AMgryzW ivru`D lVweI bwry kinMGm
ilKdw hY-
“iksy iek vI is`K ny eIn nw mMnI[ (gurU goibMd isMG) dy iksy vI AnuXweI ny rihm dI drKwsq
nw kIqI[ hryk QW auh jyqUAW swmHxy CwqIAW qwx ky Kloqy rhy[ aunHW ivcoN bhuqy qW iek`ly duSmx
dIAW DwVW ivc vV ky twkrw krdy hoey mOq nUM j`PIAW pw gey Aqy AwkV ky qurdy hoey rx-BUmI ivcoN
bwhr ho gey”[
imstr mYsln ilKdw, “jy is`K ieQy ij`q jWdy qW Bwrq AMgryzW h`QoN inkl jwxw sI”
jy dyS-BgqI dI k`sv`tI, ‘jwx bu`J ky’ KuSI-KuSI Awpxy dyS leI jwn vwrnw hY qW Swm isMG
AtwrI vwly nUM iek mhwn dyS Bgq AwKxw bxdw hY[ auhny ivdySI gulwmI dI QwvyN mOq nUM cMgw jwixAw[
ausny jwqI qy duinAwvI su`KW nUM dyS dI AzwdI bdly kurbwn kr id`qw[

srdwr Swm isMG dI SKsIAq

s. Swm isMG ivc bIrqw, kurbwnI cVHdIklw, Xu`D-nIqI qy isAwsI

sUJ dy gux Bry pey sn[ Awpxy smyN dy hor keI jrnYl XoiDAW dI qrHW
auh Awpxy Awp nUM gurU dw quC syvk smJdw sI[ is`KI dI Awn Swn nUM
kwiem r`Kx leI hI qW ieh ibrD AvsQw ivc vI rxBUmI ivc jw ku`idAw
Aqy Awpxy pRwxW dI AwhUqI dy id`qI sI[ ieiqhwskwrW ny aus dI bhup`KI
SKsIAq bwry bVy Bwv pUrn ivcwr pRgt kIqy hn[ muhMmd lqIP ilKdw
hY, “srdwr Swm isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM gurU dI Bytw kr id`qw”[ sr
lYpl igRPn ny bhuq suMdr iliKAw hY, “s. Swm isMG j`t nsl dy sB qoN
vDIAw pRqIinDw ivcoN iek sI, ijhVI ik mrdaUpuxy, iemwndwrI qwkqI
Aqy bhwdrI leI dunIAW ivc Adu`qI hY[ ies dI mOq dw v`fw Gwtw sI ik
 8
aus dI QW sMBwlx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[ ieh TIk hY ik guzrW vwly, lwhOr qy AMimRqsr dy ipMfW ivc
Coty drjy dy isMGW ivc dyS BlweI leI swdgI, mrdwngI qy dlyrI vwly bhuq isMG sn[ pr lwhOr
drbwr dy swzSI srdwrW ivc iek vI Aijhw nhIN sI[ jykr s. Swm isMG AYsy kuJ vI hor srdwr huMdy
qW sqluj dI KUnI jMg nw huMdI qy kOm AwpxI AwzwdI nw KuhwauNdI[
s. Swm isMG ij`Qy v`fy sUrmy qy dlyr sn, aus dy nwl hI ienswP krn vwly, pr-aupkwrI,
BjnIk, rihm idl, dwnI qy pu`j ky rwjnIqI ivc vI mwhr sn[ Awp nUM ies g`l dw BlI pRkwr pqw
sI ik lwhOr drbwr ivc swzSIAW dw zor sI qy g`dwr AwdmI is`K rwj nUM qbwh krn dy mnsUby bMnH rhy
hn[ AMgryzW nwl jMg vI ienHW SMqrMjI cwlW dw nqIjw hY[ ies krky Swm isMG swrI g`l nUM qwV ky
mudkI qy PyrU Sihr dIAW lVweIAW ivc Swml nhIN hoey sn, pr jdoN AwKrI smyN Awp dI AxK qy gYrq
nUM vMgwirAw igAw, qd Awp ny sUrimAW vWg Awpxy Awp nUM pMQ, kOm Aqy dyS dI Kwqr kurbwn kr dyxw
hI TIk smiJAw[ Awp ny bhuq hwn lwB socx qy dlIlW ivc pYx nUM TIk nhIN jwixAw sI[ iesy
krq`v dw nwm sUrmgqI hY[ ies sbMDI pRis`D AmrIkn ilKwrI AYmrsn ny ieauN iliKAw hY:-
“sUrmgqI AnuBv krdI hY qy dlIlW ivc nhIN pYNdI, ies leI ieh sdw TIk hY”[
iesy sUrmgqI qy kurbwnI dy kwrx s. Swm isMG dw nwm sdw cmkdw hY[ ikauNik aunHW ny Awpxy
pRx Anuswr mulk, kOm qy pMQ dI Awn Swn nUM m`uK r`K ky Awpxy Awp nUM kurbwn kr id`qw[ ies qrHW dy
sUrimAW sbMDI hI, “Swh muMhmdw isrW dI lw bwzI nhIN moVdy sUrmy AMg mIAW” ijnHW ny srdwr dI
bhwdrI dy kwrnwimAW nUM Awpxy A`KIN vyiKAw sI aunHW ivcoN Awp dw sweIS ivhwbI vI iek sI, ies dy
idl qy Awp dI bhwdrI dw ikMnw pRBwv sI, ieh sweIs gu`zrKwn dy rihx vwlw sI Aqy bhuq v`fI aumr
q`k ijaUNdw irhw[ auh hr swl hI s. Swm isMG dI ShIdI idn qy aus dI bhwdrI dy kwrnwmy suxwieAw
krdw sI[ AKIr aus AwpxI kivqw dw AwKrI qoVw ieh g`l kih ky qoiVAw krdw sI ik, “b`cw qusIN
vI Awpxy v`fy bwby s. Swm isMG ijhy bhwdr qy AxKI hoxw”[ ies qoN vDyry Awp dI bhwdrI qy AxK dI
hor ikhVI mohqibr gvwhI ho skdI hY, ijs dw iek bMdy dy idl qy Aijhw fUMGw Asr qy pRBwv hY ijs
nUM auh hr swl Awpxy Awp hI keI vwr duhrwauNdw nhIN Q`kdw[
Aj jdoN ik skkwry-drbwry snmwn pRwpq krky Aqy XUnIvristIAW ivc au`c sQwn pRwpq krky
keI ‘is`K ivdvwn’ is`KI nUM bRhmxvwd ivc rlgf kr rhy hn, isAwsI lok votW dI Kwqr is`KI dy
inAwry-pn nUM Kqm krn leI A`fI-cotI dw zor lw rhy hn, audoN is`K g`BrUAW dw Prz bxdw hY ik auh
s. Swm isMG jI vrgy Awpxy mhwn is`K bzurgW dy pd-icMnHW qy clidAW hoieAW suK Arwm nUM iqAwg
ky, sMswrk vsqW (Dn, jwiedwd, koTIAW-kwrW) vloN mUMh moV ky kurbwnI Aqy iqAwg dw rsqw Apnwaux
qy jut jwx Awpxy ipAwry pMQ dI syvw ivc[ siqgurW dy aupdyS nUM smJxw, aunHW aupdySW Anuswr Awpxy
jIvn nUM Fwlxw qy siqgurW dw sunyhw Gr-Gr q`k phuMcwauxw hI smyN dI sB qoN v`fI loV hY[ ieh hI
ieko iek FMg hY ijs nwl kOm dI f`ky folHy KWdI ikSqI nUM iknwry lwieAw jw skdw hY[

AMgryzW qy is`KW dIAW lVweIAW

Syr-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jI dy ijaUNdy jIA qW AMgryz Kwlsw rwj pRqI im`qrqw dw
dm Brdy rhy, pr auh pMjwb auqy A`K zrUr r`K rhy sn[ mhwrwjw swihb dI mOq mgroN hoeI rwjsI
auQl-puQl ny AMgryzW nUM Ku`lH Kyfx dw mOkw id`qw[ ies auQL-puQl dw kwrx sn fogry, jo bu`kl dy s`p
bx ky is`K rwj nUM hiQAwaux dIAW goNdw guMddy rhy qy jdo ies mMqv ivc sPl nw hoey qW Kwlsw rwj nUM
mUloN nSt krn dIAW goNdw guMdx l`gy[ auDr AMgryz vI qwV ivc bYTy sn ik kdoN ies pMj dirAWvW dI
DrqI nUM Awpxy rwj dw ih`sw bxw skx[ b`s, AMgryzW ny gulwb isMG fogry nwl swz-bwz ArMB id`qI[
mgroN qyjw isMG, lwl isMG (jo is`K rwj dy kmWfr qy vzIr sn) qW AMgryzW h`Q ieauN ivky ik Awpxy
leI jwgIrW Aqy Ahudy hwsl krn leI is`K rwj nUM hI AMgryzW h`QoN nSt krwaux qy qul gey[ ieh dovyN
XUpI dy BeIey sn qy ieauN jwpdw sI ik ienHW is`KI srUp Dwrn hI is`K rwj dI byVI nUM fobx leI hI
kIqw sI[
 9
ies swz-bwz auqy sMKyp nzr mwrx leI hyT ilKIAW ieiqhwsk GtnwvW nUM guh nwl vwcx
dI zrUrq hY[ iDAwn isMG fogry duAwrw kMvr nOinhwl isMG nUM mwr mukwaux mgroN “sr ivlIAm
mYknwtn” ny ihMdosqwn dy AMgryz gvrnr jrnl nUM suJwA id`qw ik pySwvr dw ielwkw is`KW qoN Kohx
ivc kwbl dy Swh-suzwh dI m`dd kIqI jwvy qW ju is`K rwj nUM kmzor kIqw jw sky[
1838 eI. qk AMgryjW dI luiDAwxy, pMjwb ivc kyvl iek CwvxI sI ijs ivc 3000 hzwr
jvwn qy 12 qopW sn[
lwrf hwrifMg dy ihMdosqwn dw gvrnr jrnl bx ky Awaux qk AMgryz AMbwly iSmly qy ksOlI
ivKy AwpxIAW POjI CwauxIAW kwiem kr c`uky sn qy POjIAW dI igxqI ienHW swrIAW CwauxIAW ivc
14000 ho cu`kI sI[ ienHW kol 48 qopW sn[ lwrf hwrifMg ny ies ivc 22000 POjIAW qy 28 qopW dw
vwDw kIqw[
is`KW nwl jMg CyVn qoN iek vrHw pihlW AMgryzW ny bMbeI qoN byVIAW mMgvw ky sqluj dw pul
bMnHx dw smwn iek`Tw kr ilAw hoieAw sI[
jMg iCVn qoN pihlW AMgryzW ny 44000 hzwr POjI qy 100 qopW pMjwb ivclIAW AwpxIAW
CwauxIAW ivc iekqr kr leIAW hoeIAW sn[ AMgryzW vloN kIqIAW jw rhIAW ienHW ivSwl jMgI
iqAwrIAW qoN is`K-rwj dy Ahudydwr Axjwx nhIN sn[
ijQy iek pwsy pMjwb dI jnqw ienHW KbrW krky bycYn sI qy is`K rwj dy ihqU AMgryzW dIAW
jMgIAW iqAwrIAW nUM is`K rwj leI Kqry dw ibgl smJ rhy sn, auQy dUjy pwsy auh pwpI ijhVy AMgryzW
nUM is`K nUM Kqm krn leI pRyr rhy sn, ienHW KbrW nUM sux-sux KuS ho rhy sn[ is`K POjW dw kmWfr-
ien-cIP qyjw isMG qy v`fw vzIr lwl isMG AMdrKwqy AMgryzW nwl iml ky gupq sUqrW duAwrw is`K POj
dy gupq rwj AMgryzW qk phuMcwaux ivc ru`Jy hoey sn qy aunHW sUqrW rwhIN AMgryzW qoN AwpxI ies iGrxq
syvw dw mu`l vI puAw rhy sn[ jMmU dw rwjw gulwb isMG AMdrKwqy AMgryzW nwl swz-bwz mukMml kr
cu`kw sI[
is`K POjW nUM aukswaux leI AMgryzW ny iek hor pihl ieh kIqI ik sqluj qoN pwr aunHW
ielwikAW auqy kbzw kr ilAw ijhVy is`K dw ih`sw qW sn, pr 1809 eI. dI sMDI Anuswr auQy is`K POj
nhIN sI r`KI jWdI[
mudkI dI lVweI
ies Gtnw ny is`K POjW ivc AMgryzW
ivru`D ros qy joS Br id`qw qy AMq 14-15 dsMbr,
1845 eI. dI ivclI rwq nUM is`K POjW ny AMgryzW
qoN Awpxy ieh ielwky vwps lYx ihq sqluj pwr
kIqw[
ieh Kwlsw POj dI igxqI 30 ku hzwr
sI qy ienHW ivc GoV cVHy, qopKwny Aqy pYdl
dsqy Swml sn[ is`K POjIAW dy ichry rohb dI
lwlI nwl jgmgw rhy sn qy auh kwhly pY rhy
sn duSmx AMgryzW nUM is`K rwj qoN bwhr D`kx
leI, POj dy v`fy kmWfr sn s. qyjw isMG qy lwl isMG gdwr[ ieh AMdroN AMgryzW nwl imly hoey sn qy
is`K POjW nUM AYsy koJy FMg nwl lVwaux dIAW qrkIbW soc ky qury sn, ijs dy nwl SkqISwlI is`K POj
SkqIhIx ho jwvy qy vwps lwhOr prqy[ auDr fogrw gulwb isMG (ijs dw hux lwhOr drbwr ivc cOKw
rsUK sI) vI AMdroN AMdr AMgryjW nwl gdwrI bdly Awpxy ienwm leI gMFqup kr cu`kw sI, ies POj
ivc s, cqr isMG kwilAw vwlw, s. rwm isMG vMqUrw, s. bu`D isMG vrgy jrnYl vI Swml sn[
 10
ijs smyN Kwlsw POj ny sqluj pwr kIqw, aus vyly iProzpur dI AMgryzI CwauxI qy kbzw
krnw AqI sOKw kMm sI ikauNik auQy AMgryzI POj QOVI sI qy aus dI m`dd leI hor AMgryzI POjW hwlW
bhuq dUr sI[ pr gdwr qyjw isMG kmWfr-ien-cIP ny 10 hzwr POj AwpxI srdwrI hyT lweI qy
iProzpur nyVy dV v`t ky bYT igAw[ is`K POjI kcIcIAW v`tdy rhy hmlw krn leI, pr aus gdwr
kmWfr ny hmly dI AwigAw nw id`qI[
kuJ POj s. rxjoD isMG mjITIey dI kmWf hyT iPlOr qor id`qI bwkI dI POj mudkI v`l nUM qor
id`qI geI[ jrnYl buD isMG Aqy cqr isMG kwilAw vwly ny POj nUM ieauN iKMfwaux dI ivroDqw kIqI qy
pihlW iProzpur qy kbzw kr lYx dI slwh id`qI[ pr qyjw isMG, lwl isMG AwpxI iz`d ’qy AVy rhy qy
ienHW jrnYlW dI suc`jI slwh dw kOfI mul nw pwieAw[
1 dsMbr, 1845 nUM bwrW hzwr is`K POj dw twkrw mudkI dy AsQwn qy qkrIbn ieMnI ku hI
AMgryzI POj nwl hoieAw[ AMgryzI POj kmWf kr irhw sI isAwxw jrnYl “sr hXUg gP” qy ies dI
m`dd qy sn sr hYnrI simQ, mYkwsikl qy mYktIAr vrgy lVwky jrnYl[ ieh jrnYl rwjpUqW,
mrh`itAW Aqy muglW nwl keI lVweIAW lV cu`ky sn qy aunHW qy kwbU pw cu`ky sn[ A`j ieh qqpr sn
is`K POjIAW nwl jUJx leI, ijnHW ny AwpxI bhwdrI dI DWk jmrOd qk pw id`qI sI Aqy ijnHW qoN frdy
sn bhwdr pTwx[
12 hzwr Kwlsw POj ivcoN 4000 sn muslmwn qy fogry qy ienHW dI kmwn sI gdwr lwl isMG dy
h`Q[ ieh sI aus dI injI POj[ ienHW nUM ipCy r`K ky is`K POjIAW nUM A`gy krky AMgryz jrnYlW nwl
gMF qup krky lwl isMG ny lVweI ArMB krn dw hukm id`qw[
qopW dy mUMh K`uly[ dohW iDrW vloN qopW A`g vrHwaux l`gIAW qy mudkI dy mYdwn ivc ryq dy DUMey ny
Asmwn ivc hnyry dw rUp Dwr ilAw[ cOVIAW CwqIAW vwly GoV-cVHy dohW pwisauN A~gy vDy[ bMdUkW
dIAW golIAW, qlvwrW qy nyizAW dy vwr Kw-Kw ky gory DrqI qy igrn l`gy[ srIrW dy AMg srIr nwloN
v`K ho-ho ky if`gx l`gy qy DVW nwloN isr v`K ho-ho ky DrqI qy irVHn l`gy[ Kwlsy dI qyg swmHxy gory itk
nw sky qy ieDr auDr iKMfx l`g pey[ jrnYl buD isMG ny A~gy v`D ky AMgryz jrnYl mYkwskl nUM sdw
dI nId svW id`qw igAw[ AMgryzI POj dy pYr auKVdy vyK ky 'sr rwbrt syl' ny Awpxy POjIAW nUM auSwh
idMdy hoey bhwdrW vwgUUM mr imtx leI llkwirAw[ is`K jrnYl s. sucyq isMG ny A`gy v`D ky nyzy dw
BrpUr vwr kIqw jo 'sr rwbrt syl' dI cOVI ih`k nUM cIr igAw qy syl mUDw ho ryq auqy if`gw qy if`gidAW
hI aus dI Awqmw srIr qoN v`K ho geI[ AMq SwmW peIAW qy AMgryz POj mUMh dI Kw ky ipCy h`t geI qy
lVweI bMd ho geI[
Aglw idn ciVHAw qy muV dohW POjW dI t`kr SurU hoeI[ A`j vI is`KW dw p`lVw BwrI irhw[ AYn
aus vyly is`K POj ij`q pRwpq krn hI vwlI sI qW DRohI lwl isMG ny AwpxI injI POj nUM mYdwn ivcoN B`j
Klox dw hukm dy id`qw[ aunHW dy B`j Klox kwrx is`K POjW ivc Acncyq KlblI mc geI[ koeI Cy ku
hzwr is`K jvwn qy is`K jrnYl mYdwn ivc hwlW vI lV rhy sn, pr ibnW sYnwpqI qoN[
AMgryzI POj dw sYnwpqI lwrf gP is`K POjIAW dI ibnW sYnwpqI qoN lVweI nUM vyK ky dMg rih
igAw[
ieMny icr nUM gvrnr jnrl lwrf hwrifMg qwzw dm hor AMgryzI POj lY ky mudkI dy mYdwn ivc
ApV igAw[ lVweI dw pwsw plt igAw[ ibnW sYnwpqI qoN lVdy is`K POjI ipCy htx l`gy [ ip`TW
joVI ipCy htdy gey iKlry nhIN qy nw hI ip`TW ivc vwr KwDy[ CwqIAW ivc vwr KWdy-KWdy ipCy h`t
gey[ ieauN AMgryzW ny mudkI dI lVweI is`KW dy gdwr sYnwpqI nwl gupq gTjoV krky ij`qI[ ieh sI
dyS DRohI lwl isMG dw pihlw krnwmw[
 11
ies lVweI bwry Swh muhMmd ilKdw hY:-
“Swh muMhmdw iek srkwr bwJoN
POjW ij`q ky AMq nUM hwrIAW ny"
PyrUSwh dI lVweI

ieDr mudkI dI lVweI isMG hwr gey qy auDr kmWfr-

ien-cIP qyjw isMG 10 hzwr POj lY ky, hrI ky p`qx qoN
sqluj pwr krky, sulqwn Kwn vwly bYTw AMgryzW pRqI
AwpxI vPwdwrI pwldw irhw[ is`K POjI chuMdy sn mudkI
vwly isMMGW dI m`dd leI jwx nUM pr ieh qyjw isMG gdwr,
POjIAW dI mrzI ivru`D ieQy bYTw qmwSw dyKdw irhw[
mudkI dI lVweI hwrn mgroN swrI is`K POj
PyrUSwh ivKy iek`TI hoeI[POj dI kmwn lwl isMG dy h`Q
id`qI geI[ qyjw isMG hwlW vI 10 hzwr POj smyq
sulqwn Kwn vwly bYTw sI[
21 dsMbr, 1845 eI. nUM dupihr mgroN is`K POjW nwl iPr Xu`D micAw[ is`K POjI A`j mudkI dI
hwr dw bdlw lYxw cwhuMdy sn[ aunHW dIAW qopW ny jIA KOlH ky A`g vrHweI, GoV-ciVHAW ny duSmxW dIAW
CwqIAW nUM dlx ivc koeI ksr nw C`fI qy pYdl POjIAW ny qyg dy auh zOhr ivKwey ik AMgryz kmWfrW
qy POjIAW dIAW 's`qy suDW' Bulw id`qIAW[ AMgryz POj ivc BwjV mc geI[ isMGW ny AMgryz kmWfr
iltlr, simQ Aqy iglbrt dIAW POjI pltnW dy pwsy BMnH su`ty qy ieh swry kmWfr ipCy ht gey qy
ienHW leI POjIAW nUM iek`Ty r`Kxw muSkl ho igAw[
jI. bI. mYilsn ilKdw hY ik ieh AMgryz kmWfr Awpxy POjIAW nUM muV iek`iTAW krn dw Xqn
krdw hoieAw kUk-kUk ky kih irhw sI, "Aj ihMdosqwn swfy h`QoN igAw["
ies lVweI ivc gvrnr jYnrl lwrf hwrifMg, sr ihaUz gP dI kmWf Q`ly lV irhw sI[
aus ny AwpxI auc pdvI dw iKAwl vI nw kIqw Aqy Awpxy dyS (ieMglYNf) leI ij`q pRwpq krn leI
Arpn kr id`qw[
auh Gmwswx dw Xu`D micAw ik AMgryzW nUM Awpxw rwj hI swry ihMdosqwn 'coN Kqm huMdw nzr
Awaux l`gw[
rwq pYx l`gI qy AMgryz POjIAW leI lVnw qW ikqy irhw iek dUjy nUM l`Bxw qy pCwnxw vI AOKw
ho igAw[ sr ihaUZ gP ny Awpxy kmWfrW nUM ijQy ikqy auh sn ipCy ht ky bih jwx dw hukm id`qw qW
ik AglI svyr auh iPr FMg nwl lV skx[ pr keI kmWfrW qk gP dw ieh hukm pu`j nw sikAw qy
auh BMbl-BUsy KWdy rhy[
PyrU Swh ivKy ieqnw iBAWnk Xu`D hoieAw ik sr hYrI simQ Aqy jYnrl iltrl nUM AwpxI kmWf
hyTly POjI hI ikqy nzr nhIN sn AwauNdy[
lwrf hwrifMg Aqy sr ihaUz gP dy stwP dy qkrIbn swry bMdy mr cu`ky sn jW zKmI ho cu`ky
sn[ myjr bRwfPu`t Aqy inklsn lVweI ivc isMGW h`QoN mwry jw cu`ky sn[ qkrIbn swry dy swry
pOiltIkl eyjMt jW mr cu`ky sn jW zKmI ho cu`ky sn[
lwrf hwrifMg Awpxy KuPIAw Amly nUM h`Q joV ky kih irhw sI ik pltnW dIAW pltnW nhIN l`B
rhIAW n`T-B`j krky aunHW nUM l`Bo qy iek`iTAW kro[
 12
lwrf hrifMg zrUrI kwgz p`qr vwps AMbwly Byjx ivc ru`Jw hoieAw sI qy kuJ hornW nUM
swVn-PUkx dy hukm dy irhw sI[
22 dsMbr dw idn ciVHAw[ dovyN iDrW Awpxy iKMfy-puMfy POjIAW nUM iek`iTAW kr muV Awpo ivc
jUJx nUM iqAwr ho geIAW[ qopW dy goly dwgy, jMgI ibgl v`jy qy Gmwswx mc au`iTAw[ isMG sUrmy iek
pwsy Awpxy ipAwry dyS pMjwb dI AwzwdI nUM brkrwr r`Kx leI jwnW qoV ky lV rhy sn qy dUjy pwsy
pMjwb nUM bwkI dy ihMdosqwn vWg AMgryzW dy rwj dw ih`sw bxwaux Kwqr lV rhy sn, AMgryz srkwr vloN
AMgryz Aqy swry Bwrq dy v`K-v`K pRwqW qy BwrqI POjI[ ieh Awp qW kdoN dy AMgryzI gulwmI svIkwr
kr cu`ky sn qy Aj juty hoey sn Awpxy mwlk AMgryzW pRqI vPwdwrI inBw ky pMjwbIAW dy gl gulwmI dy
sMgl puAwaux leI[
ijauN-ijauN idn cVHdw igAw PyrUSwh ivKy Xu`D qyj huMdw igAw[ gdwr qyjw isMG dI kmwn hyTly
is`K POjI vI bZwvq krky Awpxy vIrW nwl PyrUSwh ivKy Awx imly Aqy aunHW ipCy Aw pu`jw gdwr qyjw
isMG Awpxy ipTU POjIAW sihq[
Aj is`KW dw p`lVw BwrI sI[ AMgryz mYdwn C`f ky n`s rhy sn[ AYn iesy vyly qyjw isMG qy
lwl isMG gdwrI krky B`j Kloqy Awpxy ipTU POjIAW smyq[ ies nhIN sn chuMdy ik is`KW dI ij`q hovy[
ienHW gdwrW dy bymOky gdwr swQIAW sihq B`j Klox kwrx is`KW dIAW POjW ivc vI KlblI mc geI[
AjIb idRS sI iek pwsy AMgryz POjI mYdwn coN B`j rhy sn qy dUjy pwsy ij`iqAw hoieAw mYdwn
C`f ky Axjwxpuxy ivc ipCy ht gey sn is`K POjI[
ies smyN AMgryzW pRqI vPwdwrI inBwauNidAW qyjw isMG ny hwrifMg nUM sunyhw G`l ky d`isAw ik
qusIN B`j ikauN rhy ho[ mYdwn qW KwlI ipAw hY[ bs Pyr kI sI, lwrf hwrifMg ny Awpxy POjIAW nUM
vwps moiVAw qy Awx mYdwn m`ilAw[ ieauN AMgryzW nUM PyrUSwh ivKy ij`q pRwpq hoeI[
qyjw isMG Aqy lwl isMG dw iek hor swQI Aqy gdwr jrnYl sI rxjoD isMG[ ies dy pws 10
hzwr POj dI kmwn sI qy lwhOroN qur ky PlOr dy iklHyu ivc jw bYTw[ jdoN isMGW Aqy AMgryzW ivc lVweI
mudkI Aqy PyrUSwh ivKy hoeI qW ieh kmWfr bjwey iesdy ik luiDAwxy ivclI mwmUlI ijhI AMgryzI POj
qy jw cVHdw qy luiDAwxy nUM jw Pqih krdw PlOr ieh kih ky bYTw irhw ik auh AMgryzI POj jo id`lI vloN
Aw rhI sI qy ijs ny iProzpur v`l nUM jwxw sI aus dw rhw rokI bYTw hY[
ieh sunihrI mOkw sI ik mudkI Aqy PyrUSwh ivc r`uJy AMgryzW ivru`D luiDAwxy nUM Pqih krn dw[
jy kdI rxjoD isMG 12 qoN 22 dsMbr 1845 eI. dy ivcwly dirAw sqluj pwr krky luiDAwxy qy h`lw bol
idMdw qy id`lI v`l nUM qur pYNdw qW id`lI qk auhdw rwh rokx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[ rxjoD isMG dI Poj dy
PlOr phuMcx qy luiDAwxy Aqy AMbwly Awid dy AMgryzW ivc hPVw-qPVI mc geI[ ieQy hI bs nhIN
rxjoD isMG dy kuJ PojI luiDAwxy dIAW POjI bwrkW vI iek idn PUk Awey pr A`goN iksy ny mukwblw nhIN
sI kIqw[

AwlIvwl dI lVweI

jdoN mudkI Aqy PyrUSwh dIAW lVweIAW dI

ij`q mgroN sr hYrI sim`Q AMgryz kmWfr nUM
luiDAwxy dI rwKI leI vwps G`ilAw qW b`dovwl dy
sQwn qy s. AjIq isMG (jo lwfvW izlHw krnwl dI
irAwsq dw rwjw sI qy rxjoD isMG dIAW POjW dI
m`dd leI is`KI zzby ADIn AwieAw sI) dy kihx qy
s. rxjoD isMG ny A`gy v`D ky sr hYrI sim`Q dIAW
 13
POjW qy h`lw boilAw qy 6 jnvrI 1846 eI. nUM AMgryzW ivru`D ij`q pRwpq kIqI[ hYrI sim`Q jwn
bcw luiDAwxy jw pu`jw[ hux id`lI Aqy myrT Awid CwauxIAW qoN hor qwzw dm POj Aqy qopW hYrI simQ
dI m`dd qy Aw pu`jIAW[ hYrI simQ BwrI POj lY ky rxjoD isMG qoN bdlw lYx leI quirAw[ 28
jnvrI, 1846 nUM AwlIvwl dy sQwn 'qy dohW POjW ivc twkrw hoieAw[ is`K POj v`K-v`K moricAW ’qy
vMfI hox kwrn ieQy AMgryzW nUM ij`q pRwpq hoeI, hwlWik jyqU AMgryzW dw jwnI nukswn hwrI hoeI POj nwloN
vI v`D hoieAw[

sBrwvW dI lVweI
jdoN mhwrwxI izMdW nUM pqw l`gw ik
PyrU Sihr ivc rwjw lwl isMG dIAW
swzSW is`K POj hwr geI[ mhwrwxI
izMdW bhuq GbrweI Aqy aus ny dsW
svwrW h`QIN Swm isMG nUM ipMf AtwrI iek
sunyhw ByijAw ik qusIN lVweI ivc jw ky
is`K POjW dI kmwn sMBwlo[ s. Swm isMG
ny jvwb ivc keI g`lW ilKIAW qy lVweI
dy nukswn qy rwjnIqk guMJlW
smJweIAW[ AwKIr dI vwrI mhwrwxI
izMdW vloN sunyhw pu`jw, "srdwr jI! hux
ik`Qy Aw ky bYTy ho? srkwr (mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG) ny muV ky qW nhIN Awauxw,
ijs ny quhwnUM vMgwrnw hY?” sr lYpl igRPn ilKdw hY ik srdwr Swm isMG nUM mrn qoN frn qy frpok
hox dy qwnHy-imhxy vI id`qy gey[ AMq dI vwrI Swm isMG ny mhwrwxI nUM AKvw ByijAw ik "A`Cw krqwr
dI rzw, jy srkwr ny muV ky nhIN Awauxw, qW AsW vI A`goN ipCoN srkwr pws phuMcxw hY, so huxy hI
iqAwr hW, icMqw nw kro["
AKIr g`l ieQy Aw ky mu`kI ik s. Swm isMG AwpxI vPwdwrI, ie`zq, AxK qy dyS BgqI nUM
swmHxy r`Kdy hoieAw AwpxI bhwdr POj nUM nwl lY ky lVweI v`l nUM kUc krky qur ipAw[ qurn smyN Awp
ny Ardwsw soD ky pRx kIqw ik hwr ky muV AtwrI vwps nhIN Awauxw qy nwl hI inmrqw nwl siqgurW
qy Brosw r`K ky bynqI kIqI, "hy s`cy pwqSwh, jy moV ky vwps ilAwauxw hY qW auj`l muK PqhXwbI nwl
ilAweIN jy qynUM ieh nhIN mnjUr qW surKrU r`K ky Awpxy piv`qr crnW ivc invws bKSIN"
srdwr ny AwpxI POj smyq sBrwvW auqy sqluj pwr kry jMgI kYNp ivc jw fyry lwey[ 6 PrvrI
sMn 1846 eI. dI rwq nUM srdwr qyjw isMG Swm isMG nUM v`KirAW krky AwKx l`gw ik jdoN AMgryzW vlo
pihlw hI hmlw hovy qW qusIN myry nwl hI ipCW nUM BWj pw dyxI[ s. Swm isMG nUM ieh gdwrI dI g`l
zihr vWg kOVI l`gI qy Awp ny s. qyjw isMG nUM JwiVAw qy bVI iGrxw kIqI[ qyjw isMG ny A~goN gu`sy
ivc lwl pIly ho ky AwiKAw ik A`Cw! jy qusIN eyfy bhwdr ho qW suMgD KwE ik mYdwn C`f ky nhIN B`jogy,
ikauNik mYnUM inScw hY ik AwKrI dI vwrI qusIN myry ipCy hI ipT dy ky B`jy Awaugy[" ausy vyly Swm isMG
ny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI hzUrI ivc Ardwsw soD ky pRx kIqw ik jy r`b nw kry ik isMGW nUM hwr ho
geI qd mYN ijaUNdy morcw C`f ky ipCW nhIN prqWgW[ ieDr qyjw isMG, s. Swm nUM B`jx leI zor dy irhw
sI pr dUjy bMnHy AMgryjW ny vI idl C`fy hoey sn qy AMgryzI kYNp ivc aunHW nUM ij`q qW iek bMnHy rhI jwn
bcwaux dy vI lwly pey hoey sn[ AMq smW nyVy jwx ky lwrf hrifMg ny Awpxy Awp nUM jMg ivc jUJ ky
mrn leI pUrI iqAwrI kr leI Aqy Awpxy lVky nUM Awpxy qgmy qy hor zrUrI sunyhy dy ky ipCWh vwps
Byj id`qw sI[
 14
10 PrvrI nUM svyry hI AMgryz POjW ny qopW dwg id`qIAW-golwbwrI ArMB kr id`qI[ ieDroN
Swm isMG duSmxW nUM BwjVW pwaux dIAW skImW soc irhw sI[ auh ic`tI GoVI qy svwr ho, 7 hzwr
jvwnW nUM AwpxI kmwn Q`ly lY ky duSmxW nUM BwjVW pwaux leI mYdwn ivc Aw fitAw[ ies Gmwswx dy
jMg smyN AMgryzW vloN jvwb ivc iqMn bVy BwrI zor dy h`ly hoey jo klgIDr dy sUrimAW ny bVI bhwdrI
nwl Aqy dlyrI nwl ho ky Aqy A`goN jvwbI hmilAW nwl duSmxW dy mUMh Bvw id`qy[ Swh muhMmd ny jMg
dw hwl ies qrHW ibAwn kIqw hY :-
AweIAW pltnW bIV ky qop Kwny,
A`goN isMGW ny pwsVy moV su`ty[
myvw isMG qy mwKy KW hoey is`Dy[
h`ly iqMn iPrMgI dy qoV su`ty,
Swm isMG srdwr AtwrI vwly,
bMnH SSqrI joV ivCoV su`ty[
Swh muMhmdw isMGW ny goirAW dy,
vWg inMbUAW lhU incoV su`ty[90[
isMGW dy twkry dI qwb nw J`ldy hoieAW vYrI dy pYr iQVk kr rhy sn qy pYNqiVAW qoN auKV ky
ipCWh nUM BWj Kwx hI vwly sn[ jo aultI g`l bxI ik gdwr nmk-hrwm qyjw isMG, isMGW nUM BWj dyx qy
by-idilAW krn leI guMdI god Anuswr Awpxy swQIAW smyq mYdwny jMg qoN ipCWh nUM vwps auT n`isAw[
dirAw pwr lMG ky auh DRoh kmwieAw jo rihMdI dunIAW qk is`K kOm nUM Xwd rhygw[ auh sqluj nUM pwr
krn vwlw byVIAW dw pul qoV igAw qW jo isMGW nUM iksy qrHW ipCoN hor POj Aqy rsq-bsq dI m`dd n
phuMcy qy ieh duSmx dIAW golIAW nwl Kqm ho jwx[ jy DkINdy-DkINdy dirAw vl Awaux qW pwxI dI
ByNt ho jwx[ ikMnw ivswhGwq hY[
pey DwivauN hoie ky Pyr Dwvw,
PrWsIs qy ijQy sI cwr XwrI[
kuMfl GiqAW vWg kmwn goSy,
bxI Awx srdwrW nUM bhuq KuAwrI[
qyjw isMG srdwr pul v`F id`qw,
GrIN n`s nw jwey ieh POj swrI
Swh muMhmdw mrn ShId ho ky,
Aqy jwn n krngy Pyr ipAwrI[91[
s. Swm isMG dlyr mrdW vWg pUrI bhwdrI nwl isMGW nUM h`lw-SyrI dy ky duSmx dw mukwblw
krvw irhw sI[ ies Gtnw dw aus dy idl auqy QoVw ijhw Asr nhIN sI hoieAw[ ijs pwsy POj zrw
iQVkdI Aqy morcw tu`tx l`gdw auh aus QW qy Syr vWg b`ukdw Aqy hornW vWg cuMgIAW Brdw jw pu`jdw
sI[
jMg ihMd pMjwb dw hox l`gw,
dovyN bwdSwhI POjW BwrIAW nI[
A`j hovy srkwr qW mu`l pwvy,
ijhVIAW Kwlsy ny qygW mwrIAW ny[
Swh muMhmdw iek srkwr bwJoN,
 15

POjW ij`q ky AMq nUM hwrIAW nI[92[

ies iBAwnk lVweI smyN s. Swm isMG dw vhwbI sweIz vI aunHW dy nwl sI[ jdoN golI l`gx
nwl srdwr dw GoVw mr igAw, qW vhwbI ny Jtpt dUjw GoVw ilAw hwzr kIqw[ s. Swm isMG GoVy qy
svwr ho gey qy aunHW vhwbI nUM jMg ivcoN cly jwx dw hukm id`qw qy AwiKAw, "AtwrI jw ky kih dyeIN ik
AsIN hux ijaUNidAW vwps nhIN muVnw[" vYrIAW vloN zordwr qy lgwqwr golwbwrI hox l`gI qW isMG
ipCly pwsy dirAw v`l nUM hty qy keI rxBUmI ivc ShId ho gey qy bwkI dy dirAw dI Byt ho gey[
keI sUrmy mwr ky moey EQoN,
ijnHW h`Q kIqy qygW nMgIAW dy[
rihMdy Gyr ky ivc dirAw foby,
S`rry mwirE ny qopW cMgIAW dy[93[
ijs smyN ij`qI hoeI bwzI vI gdwrW dI byeImwnI krky hwrI hoeI nzr Awaux l`gI, qd s. Swm
isMG bVI dlyrI nwl, qrvwr GumwauNdy hoey A`gy vDy qy 50 nMbr pltn au~qy jw pey[ s. Swm isMG nUM 7
golIAW l`gIAW, pr Awp ny AwpxW kOl pUrw kr ivKwieAw qy ipCWh nw hty[ AMq ivc ieh mhwn
ibrD-jrnYl DrqI qy if`g ipAw qy Shwdq pw igAw[
keI mwvW dy p`uq nI moey EQy,
sIny l`gIAW qyz ktwrIAW nI[
ijnHW BYxW dy vIr nw imly mr ky,
peIAW roNdIAW iPrn ivcwrIAW nI[
cMgy ijnHW dy isr dy moey vwlI,
Ku`lHy vwl qy iPrn ivcwrIAW nI[
Swh muMhmd bhuq srdwr mwry,
peIAW rwijAW dy ivc gubwrIAW nI[94[
sBrwvW dI lVweI AxKI isMGW dI sUrmgqI qy bhwdrI dI ijaUNdI jwgdI imswl hY[ jo
ieiqhws ivc sdw vifAweI nwl cyqy kIqI jWdI rhygI[
ies lVweI smyN AMgryzI POj dw kmWfr-ien-cIP "lwrf gP" ies qrHW ilKdw hY, "AMgryzW dw
mirAW qy swry P`tVW dw swrw nukswn 2083 AwdmIAW dw hoieAw[ ienHW ivc myjr Pu`t qy hor keI
pRis`D AMgryz APsr sn[ ijnHW ny ik sMn 1815 eI. ivc XUrp AMdr vwtrlU Sihr dIAW lVweIAW
ivc nYpolIAn dw mukwblw kIqw sI[ is`KW dI POj dI hwlq AMgryzI srkwr nwloN bhuq cMgI sI[ ienHW
pws 67 qopW sn jo AMgryzI qopW nwloN Kws qOr qy BwrIAW sn[ pr is`KW dw nukswn pMj Aqy ds hzwr
dy ivckwr hoieAw ieh nqIjw lwl isMG qy qyjw isMG dI gdwrI dy kwrx sI[ duSmx dI gvwhI nwloN
hor vDyry iks dI pRmwxIk gvwhI ho skdI hY? aus ny vI gdwrW dI gdwrI hI hwr dw Asl kwrx
d`isAw[ kpqwn kinMGm jo lVweI ivc Swml sI ies qrHW ilKdw hY, “BwvyN ikqnI golwbwrI ho rhI sI
pr gurU goibMd isMG dy iksy is`K ny pnwh nhIN mMgI sI[” ies qoN v`D is`KW dI bhwdrI dI hor kI
imswl ho skdI hY?