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wa,mufxJvkyfwm 'Drdkua&pD r[kwfbl;?”
(a':atmifqef;pk-unf)

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) rS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf?

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A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukefòrd@
2011 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&uf?
1372 ckESpf/ewfawmfvjynfhausmf (14)&uf?

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óuHawG@ae&ygonf?
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tyfaiGrsm;udk aiGpuULtopfrsm;tajrmuftjrm; &dkufESdyfcJhjcif; jzpfygonf? jrefrmEdkifiH.jynfwGif;
vSnfhvnfoHk;pGJaiGrSm (1998)ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGifusyfukaË (1800)cef@om&SdcJh&mrSm (2009) ckESpf
'DZifbmvwGifusyfukaË (425983)usyfukaË(4)odef;ausmftxd1 rsm;jym;vmcJhygonf?
vGwfvyfaom aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk usifhoHk;onfqdkaomfvnf;/ tcGifhxl;cHtodkif;
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xGm;apcJhygonf? xdk@tjyif awmifolv,form;rsm;. v,f,majrrsm;udk rwefwqaps;ESdrfI
twif;t"rR0,f,ljcif;rsm;a=umifh trsm;pkjzpfaom awmifolv,form;rsm;.vkyfief;–rsm;udk
xdcdkufapygonf? a&&Snftjrifjzifh obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh jynfolrsm;ta&; xnfhoGif;rpOf;pm;bJ
qnf/ ajrmif;/ wmwrHrsm;/ jrpful;wHwm;rsm; vGefuJpGmwnfaqmufaejcif;rSm pdkufysdK;ajrrsm;udk
t}uD;tus,f xdckdufapygonf? awmifolv,form;rsm;twGuf &moDOwk/ a&/ ajr obm0
taetxm;ay:rlwnfI pdkufysKd;cGifhðyoifhygv#uf twif;t"rRaEGpyg;pdkufysdK;cdkif;jcif;a=umifh ukef
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usKd;tjrwfudkom OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufcJhjcif;/ tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;ay:aygufr_udk taxmuf
tulrðyjcif; &Sdaeygonf?
EdkifiHawmf.usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;twGuf uscHoHk;pGJr_rsm;rSm ESpfpOfvGefpGmenf;yg;
v#uf &Sdygonf? ynma&;toHk;p&dwfrSm pkpkaygif;wdkif;jynfxkwfukefwefzdk;. (1)&mckdifE_ef;cef@om
tmZmenfyk*d~KvfwdkŒ. vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf?
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tudkiftcGifhtvrf;rsm; enf;yg;jcif;wkd@ jzpfaeygonf?
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rvkyfbJ/ tpdk;&aiGacs;pmcsKyfrsm;udkydkrkdI a&mif;csuscHjcif;ponfhenf;rsm;jzifh acs;iSm;uscH&efjzpf
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aumufcH&efESifh tpdk;&toHk;p&dwfudk xdxda&mufa&mufpDppfoHk;pGJ&ef jzpfygonf?
&if;ESD;ðryfESHr_rsm;udkzdwfac:&mwGif obm00ef;usifESifh vlr_a&;tajctaersm; rxdcdkuf
ap&ef xnfhoGif;wGufcsufjcif; tvkyform;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufemjcif;/ tvkyftudkif
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jzpfygonf? txufygaz: jyygrlrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom &if;ESD;ðryfESHr_rsm;udktm;ay;aprnfh yHkpHjzpf
ay:ap&efudk t"duxm;+yD;/ TpD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_udpPrsm;tm; csOf;uyfudkifwG,frnf jzpfygonf?
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aiGESifh zGH@òzd;wdk;wufr_qdkif&m yHhydk;r_rsm;u|rf;usifr_ESifh v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&; vkyfief;cGifoifwef;rsm;
vdktyfygonf?
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xm;aom vlr_pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; (tajccHusef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm; jyefjznfh+rJ
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vkyfief;rsm; ynma&;ESifh vlr_a&;taxmuftul vkyfief;rsm;.toHk;p&dwfudk tcGefoufomcGifh
ay;&efvnf; vkdtyfygonf?

rw&m;wJhtrdefŒtm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u?
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xdk@a=umifh pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuftaejzifh wkdif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;rSonf wpf
rsdK;om;vHk; aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;odk@a&S;&_&ef jzpfygonf? enf;vrf;taejzifh
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aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfygonf?
(3 - 1 - 2011)ae@wGif ðyvkyfaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@.
tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft&

A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
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oHwrefawG/ wjcm; EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGu ukd,f
pm;vS,fawG/ jynfe,fESifhwkdif; toD;oD;u
ukd,fpm;vS,fawGtygt0if {nhfy&dowf (1˜0
00)avmuf wufa&mufcJhw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?
ÔÔÔ
wdkif;jynfwpfjynfudktkyfcsKyfwJhacgif;aqmif[m
jynfolvlxkkaxmufcHr_eJŒtkyfcsKyfwmbJjzpf&r,f?
(a':atmifqef;pk=unf)
 jynfwGif; tzGJŒtpnf;toD;oD; vGwfvyfa&;aeŒusif;y
(63)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@ t csDwufcJhwmvdk@od&ygw,f? tcrf;tem;udkOD;
crf;tem;awGudk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzJGŒcsKyf
(NLD)uOD;pD;+yD; rauG;wdkif;/ rEœa v;wdkif;eJ@
{&m0wDwdkif;awGrSm Zefe0g&D (4)&uf reufydkif;
u usif;ycJh}uygw,f?
rauG;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD t
zJGŒcsKyfuOD;pD;usif;ywJh vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;
tem;udk a&eHacsmif;òrdŒu rauG;wdkif;trsdK;o
rD;wm0efcH a':cifapmaX;&JŒtdrfrSmusif;ycJh+yD;
vl (70)avmuf wufa&mufcJhw,fvdk@ od&yg
w,f? tcrf;tem;rSm t"du (21)&mpk yifvHk
nDvmcHta}umif;eJ@ *k%fðyyJGwckusif;ycJhw,f
vdk@ a':cifapmaX;u ajymygw,f? tvm;wl
vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;udk rEœav;wdkif;
ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,frSm usif;ycJh+yD; tJ'D
tcrf;tem;udk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzJGŒcsKyf
ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,ftzJGŒ0if OD;jrifhvGif&JŒ
tdrfrSm usif;ycJhygw,f? tcrf;tem;udk vl(50)
ausmfavmuf wufa&mufcJhw,fvdk@ ausmuf
yef;awmif;òrdŒe,fpnf; aumfrDwD0if OD;wifha0
u ajymygw,f?
{&m0wDwdkif; ykodrfòrdŒrSmawmh vl@t
cGif hta&; umuG,f apmihf a&Smuf r_uGef &uf
(HRWDN)eJ@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyft
zJGŒ0ifawGyl;aygif;+yD; vGwfvyfa&;tcrf;tem;
udk ykodrfuefom,muGif;u AdkvfcsKyfa}u;¶kyf
a&•SrSm usif;ycJhw,fvdk@od&ygw,f? tcrf;t
em;udk vl (40)avmuf yl;aygif;yg0ifcJh+yD; Adkvf
csKyfatmifqef;&ifxdk;awG0wfqif+yD; pufbD;pD;
etzrS wzufowfa&;qGJxm;aom 2008ckESpftajccHOya'tm; jyifqifay;?
Rfa, Jan 4, 2011
aqmifusif;ywJh (HRWDN)tzJGŒu udkjrifhEdkif
u vGwfvyfa&;Adokum AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk
rarh}uzdk@ tcrf;tem;udkwufa&mufcJhwJh vl
i,fawGudkt"duxm; ajymcJhw,fvdk@od&yg
w,f? ykodrfòrdŒrSmusif;ywJh vGwfvyfa&;ae@t
crf;tem;udk t&yf0wftm%mydkifawGu yl;
aygif;yg0ifcJhwJhtrsdK;orD;awGudk teD;uyf"mwf
yH k¶d kuf,l +yD ; taESmifh t,S ufa y;cJh w,f vd k@
udkjrifhEdkifu ajymygw,f?
(63)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@t
crf;tem;awGukd 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD(jrefrm)/ t
rsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkpwJh a¶G;aumufyGJ
0ifcJh=uwJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGuvnf; &efukefòrdŒ
rSm usif;ycJh=uygw,f? 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD
(jrefrm)&JΠvGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;ukd Akdvf
waxmifòrdŒe,f (52)vrf;rSm&SdwJh ygwD¶Hk;csKyfrSm
usif;ycJh+yD; ygwDacgif;aqmifawGeJ@ wjcm;EkdifiH
a&;ygwDawGuyk*~dKvfawGtygt0if vl (150)
avmufwufa&mufcJhw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f? t
crf;tem;rSm nD!Gwfa&;eJ@ jypf'%fcwfr_¶kyf
odrf;ay;a&;tcsuf (2)csufudk tqkdðywkduf
wGef;cJhw,fvkd@ ygwDacgif;aqmif OD;oka0u
ajymygw,f? tvm;wl trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tiftm;pk (NDF)ygwDuvnf; vGwfvyfa&;
ae@tcrf;tem;udk &efukefòrdŒ wmarGòrdŒe,fu
ygwD¶Hk;csKyfrSm usif;ycJhygw,f? 'Dtcrf;tem;udk
jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwDeJ@ &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;
rsm; wdk;wufa&;ygwD (RNDP)u acgif;aqmif
7
awGvnf ; wufa&muf cJh=uw,fvdk@ od &ygw,f ? &dScJhayrJh jynfolw&yfvHk;uawmh wu,fhvGwf
'Dtcrf;tem;rSm obmywdtjzpf vyf a &;tES p f om&ud k cH p m;cG if h r &&d S a o;
aqmif¶GufcJhwJh ygwDacgif;aqmifOD;cifarmif a=umif; rSwfcsufðycJhw,fvkd@ ajymygw,f?
aqGu jrefrmEdkifiH[m tcsKyftjcmtm%m& ÔÔÔ

EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; vGwfajrmufa&; NLD u wOD;csif; wm0efcGJ,l

Zefe0g&D (4)&uf vGwfvyfa&;ae@ t aewJh u|efawmfwdk@&JŒEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; vkyf
xl;tpDtpOfw&yftjzpf EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awGukd rJpepfwm0efcJGa0,lwJh tpDtpOfw&yf
ukd jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmif
qef;pk=unfacgif;aqmif+yD; trsdK;om;'Drkdua&
pDXmecsKyfrSm usif;yðyvkyfcJhygw,f?
a':atmifq ef; pk= unf t ygt0if
teft,f'Dacgif;aqmifawGeJ@ tjcm;wm0ef,l
vkdoltm;vkH;twGuf EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG
&JŒtrnfawGukd rJpepfeJ@ cJGa0ay;cJhygw,f? 'Dt
pDtpOfeJ@ywfoufvkd@ jyef=um;a&;wm0efcH OD;
tkef;óudifu tckvdk ajymjyygw,f? “EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awGwOD;pD&JΠ"mwfyHk/ emrnfeJ@
aemuf uscHaewJhtusOf;axmif/ tJ'gyg0ifwJh
u|efawmfwdk@&ifxdk;/ wHqdyfuav;awG vkyf
xm;ygw,f? tJ'D &ifxdk;wHqdyfav;awGudk
u|efawmfwdk@ cGuf}uD;wcGufxJrSm xnfhxm;+yD;
awmhEd_uf,l+yD; udk,frJuswJhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;udk tjrefqHk;xdawGŒ+yD;awmh olwdk@rdom;
pkudkyg ulnDyHhydk;Edkifzdk@ tpDtpOfyg? tJ'Dae&mrSm
tzGJŒcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;ajymwJh t
rSmtwdkif;qdkvdk@&Sd&if 'g[maiGa=u;wwfEdkifzdk@
ajymwm r[kwfygbl;/ E_wf.apmifrjcif;ayghAsm/
olwdk@tm;ay;w,fqdk&ifudkyJ rdom;pkawGtm;
wuf&w,f/ ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh tusOf;us
Rfa, Jan 4, 2011
azmfud kifz ufawGvnf ;yJ axmifxJ rSmtm;
wufr,f? tJ'DtwGuf u|efawmfwdk@aqmif
¶Gufjcif; jzpfygw,f?”
tckvdk emrnfwyf+yD;wOD;csif;pDu
wm0ef,lulnDzdk@ rJa0wm[m yxrqHk;jzpf+yD;
t"dutm;jzifh wOD;csif;tajctaeeJ@ olwdk@
ta=umif; trsm;uod &Sd apzd k@ jzpfw,f vd k@
(NLD)EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; ulnDapmifha&Smuf
a&;tzGJŒu OD;Edkif;Ekdif;u ajymygw,f? “tusOf;
usawGudk u|efawmfwdk@ (NLD)taeeJ@awmh v
pOfyHkrSefulnDr,fayghAsm? 'gayrJh u|efawmfwdk@
yHkrSefulnDaewmeJ@ xyfavmif;+yD;awmh olu
¶kyf0wˆKypPnf; aomfvnf;aumif;/ aiGa=u;
aomfvnf;aumif; 'grSr[kwfvdk@&Sd&ifvnf;yJ
pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtm;ay;r_awGvnf;aumif; 'Dvdk
wufa&mufvmwJhapwem&SdwJh vlawGuae+yD;
awmh&ifxdk;av;awG vkyfxm;ay;w,fAs? t
usOf;usawGtm;vHk;/ u|efawmfwdk@ qufoG,f
vdk@&wJhtusOf;usawGtm;vHk;&JΠemrnfeJ@ &if
xdk;av;awG/ tJ'D&ifxdk;av;awGudk rJEd_ufwm
ayghAsm? rJusvdk@&Sd&if olwdk@uwwfEdkifor# rJ
aygufwJhvl/ rJEd_ufwJhvlawGu rJaygufwJht
usO;f om;udk ulnDEdkifatmifqdk+yD;? u|efawmf
wdk@vdyfpmeJ@ qufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;awG vkyf

8 tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0HhpGmazmfxkwf-u?

ay;w,f?” naeykdif;txd EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
(200)ausmf (300)eD;yg;avmuftxd rJcJGwm
0ef,l+yD;jzpfa=umif;eJ@ usef&Sdaeao;wJh EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awGtwGuf qufvufvkyfaqmif
oGm;r,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?
EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGtwGuf
tzGJŒcsKyfu Oya'tzGJŒ a&S›aeuGef,uftaeeJŒ aqmif&GufEdkifzkdŒ e,fvSnfh aqG;aEG;
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdO
ya'taxmufulðytzGJ@[m wdkif;eJ@jynfe,f
tvdkuf a&S›aeuGef,uftaeeJ@ aqmif&GufEdkif
zkd@ e,fòrd@awGqDvSnfhvnf+yD; aqG;aEG;aeyg
w,f? EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olawGeJ@ rw&m;ðycH&ol
awGudk Oya't&tumtuG,fay; ulnDajz
&Sif;ay;Edkifzkd@&nf&G,fwmvdk@ od&ygw,f? A[kd
Oya'taxmufulðytzGJ@u OD;atmifodef;eJ@
OD;cifarmif&Sdefwdk@ (2)OD; aqmif&Gufaewmjzpf
+yD; rEœav;eJ@ rHk&Gmòrd@ua&S›aeawG txl;ojzifh
vli,fa&S›awGeJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;cJhw,fvdk@ od&
ygw,f? 'Dta=umif;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; OD;atmif
odef;udk qufoG,far;jref;xm;ygw,f?
“usaemfwkd@ rEœav;wkdif;eJ@ ppfudkif;
wkdif;tay:rSm a&S›aepkpnf;xm;wJhudpPawG us
aemfwkd@ aqG;aEG;=uw,f? aqG;aEG;wJhudpPeJ@ us
aemfwkd@rw&m;tr_awGeJ@ ywfoufwJhudpPawG
aemuf+yD;awmh tufwD; Adwftr_udpPawG/ EkdifiH
a&; tr_udpPawGtwGufudk vkdufygaqmif&Guf
ay;=uzkd@ jynfe,feJ@wkdif;awGrSm tr_tcif;awG
ay:vm&if tJ'Djynfe,feJ@wkdif;awGrSm&SdwJh a&S•
aetzJG@awGuae ulnDaqmif&Gufay;zkd@ vdkuf
+yD;awmhaqG;aEG;wkdifyifwJh oabmyg?”
rwlwm c%z,f/ wlwmawGeJ‹ pkpnf;/ bHk&efoludk rsufajcrjywfapeJ‹?
wm0ef,lvkdolawG[m trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD
tzJGŒcsKyf tzJGŒ0ifawGwifruyJ apwem&Sif
jynfolawGvnf;yg0ifEkdifa=umif; od&ygw,f?
jrefrmEkdifiHtusOf;axmifawGxJrSm EkdifiHa&;t
usOf;om; (2200)ausmf &Sdaeygw,f?
ÔÔÔ
Dvb, Jan 5, 2011
usaemfr&Sif;wm t&ifu tefu,f
wkd@tygt0if teft,f'Da&S›aeawGaygh? Oya'
taxmuftulðytzJG@u&Sd+yD;om; r[kwfvm;?
tck tefu,foGm;wmu tJ'Dtaxmuft
ulðytzJG@udk jyefrGrf;rHwmvm;? 'grSr[kwf a&S›
aeuGef,ufzJG@wmvm; cifAs?
“a&S›aeuGef,ufzJG@wmawmh r[kwf
bl;? usaemfwkd@t&ifuawmh jynfe,feJ@wkdif;
pnf;tzJG@0ifawGrSm a&S›aeawGvnf;&Sdw,f?
jynfe,feJ@wkdif;Oya'ðy/ taxmuftulðytzJG@
awGvnf; &Sdw,f? aemuf e,l;*sefea&;&Sif;awG
vnf; &Sdw,f? tck usaemfwkd@a&S›aeuGef,uf
&JΠoabmobm0t& ygwD0ifjcif;/ r0ifjcif;eJ@
vnf;oufqkdifjcif; r&Sdbl;? 'Dvdk tr_tcif;udpP
awGudk vkdufygaqmif&Gufay;wJholawGudk vkduf
vHppfaq;aqmif&GufwJh oabmyg? Oya'y
nm&SiftaeeJ @ 'DudpPawG rSmpd wf0if wpm;eJ@ aqmif
&Gufay;r,fqkd&if usaemfwkd@uGef,ufudpPt
wGuf vma&mufaqG;aEG;wJh oabmyg?”
qkd awmh t ck tef u,f &ef uk ef u
xGufawmh rEœav;/ ppfudkif;/ rkH&Gmbufa&muf
w,f? rauG;bufaum/ tefu,fawG@wJha&S›ae
txl;ojzifhvli,fawGaum b,fvdktajct
9
ae&SdvJ? pdwf0ifpm;r_taetxm;rSm &Sdvm;? awGvnf; ay:aygufaew,f? aemuf v,f,m
vdkufygulnDr,fhtaetxm;rSm &Sdvm;cifAs? awG rw&m;todrf;cHxm;&wJh udpPawGvnf;
“pdwf0ifpm;r_ &Sdygw,f? rEœav;wkdif; ay:aygufw,f? tJ vdk [mrsKd;awGrSm vd k ufygaqmif
taetxm;t&=unfhr,fqkd&if tifrwef &Gufay;r,fh a&S›aeawGu xdawG@xm;r_r&Sdbl;
tm;&zG,f aumif;ygw,f? xkd@twl ppfudkif; qdk&if aemufrSvdk&if b,fol@tultnDawmif;
wkdif;taeeJ@ avmavmq,frSm rkH&Gmòrd@rSmwif &rSef; rodjzpfrSmpkd;vdk@ usaemfwkd@u 'DudpPawG
(7)a,muf/ (8)a,mufywf0ef;usifavmuf ay:ayguf&ifaqmif&Gufay;r,fh abmfvef'D,m
pm &if;ay;wmawG &Sdygw,f?” aygh? tzdk;tcr,lbJaqmif&Gufay;r,fh a&S›ae
t"duawmh EkdifiHa&;r_awGeJ@ tzrf;cH &Sd&if usaemfwkd@wkduf±kdufaqG;aEG;+yD;awmh olwkd@
&wmrsdK;/ aemufv,f,m odrf;wmrsKd;aygh? tJ &JŒoabmxm;awGudkvkdufar;jcif; jzpfygw,f?
'Dtr_awGudk vkdufay;zkd@vm;? &nf&G,fcsufu tzJG@tpnf;w&yftaeeJ@ zJG@pnf;xlaxmifwJh
bmvJcifAs? oabmawmh r[kwfygbl;”
“t"duawmh usaemfwkd@EkdifiHrSm ay: OD;atmifodef;ESifh awGŒqHkar;jref;csuf
aygufaewJhjy\emawGu uav;ppfom;udpP rsm; jzpfygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
a':pkeJŒaqG;aEG;cJhwJh vli,ftcsdKŒ trsdK;om;vli,fuGef,uf zJGŒpnf;
Voa, Jan 7, 2011
+yD;cJhwJh 'DZifbm (28)&ufae@ jrefrmh wJhtzGJ@udk pwifjzpfcJhwmvdk@ 'Dvli,fuGef,uf
'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ tzGJŒudk OD;aqmifolawGu ajymygw,f? ppfrSef
vli,fawG awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJt+yD; 'DaqG;aEG;yGJudk wJh'Drdkua&pDpHepfw&yf EdkifiHrSmjzpfxGef;vmzdk@ vl
wufa&mufcJholxJuvli,fwcdsKŒ[m trsdK; xkuGef,uf}uD;wck xlaxmifv_yf&Sm;zdk@udk
om;vli,fuGef,ufqdkwJhtzJG@wckudk xlaxmif vnf; vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf
vdkufygw,f? vli,ftcsif;csif;=um; tjyeft upDpOfaewmvnf; jzpfygw,f? 'Dtay:rSmt
vSefqufoG,fEdkifr,fh 'DuGef,ufuae vlr_a&; ajccH+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ vli,fawG
eJ@ twl Ed k if iH a&;qd kif& mawGr Smyg yl ;aygif ; aqG;aEG;yGJwufa&mufcJhwJh vli,fawGxJuw
aqmif&GufoGm;zkd@ óud;pm;oGm;r,fvdk@vnf; csdKŒpkaygif;+yD; vli,ftcsif;csif;=um; tjyeft
tzGJ@OD;aqmifolawGu ajymygw,f? vSefqufoG,fEdkifzdk@ pDpOfxm;w,fvdk@ 'Dvl
jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif i,fuGef,uftzGJ@udk OD;aqmifolwOD;jzpfwhJ
a':atmifqef;pk}unfeJ@ vli,fawGawG@qHkcJhwJh udkrsKd;&efaemifodef;u ajymygw,f?
aqG ;aEG;r_awGuae vl i,fawG =um; vlr_a&;/ Ed kif “'DtzG J@av; jzpf vmwmuawmh
iHa&;todpdwf"gwfawG ydk+yD;wufºuGEdk;=um;vm a':atmifqef;pk=unf&JŒ acgif;aqmifr_udk,Hk
&muae tckvdk trsKd;om;vli,fuGef,ufqdk =unfwJhtay:rSm jzpfay:vmwmyJ? tefwD

10 awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&; taumiftxnfazmfay;?
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&r,f? qdkawmh b,fvdkzGifhrvJ? acmwfuvnf;
tdkifwDacmwfqdkawmh usaemfwdk@tdkifwDeJ@ azhpf
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=ur,faygh? tJ'Dvdk ajymjzpf=uw,f? yxrOD;
qHk;uawmh tzGJ@csif;tvdkufpOf;pm;xm;wmu
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vkyfr,f? ukd,fhtzGJ@eJ@vkyfwJh[mawGudk tjyef
tvSef owif;ay;=ur,f? +yD;vkd@&Sd&if wzufeJ@
wzufvdktyfwmawGud(capacity k building)aygh?
tjyeftvSefulnDwJh olvdktyfwmudk,fjznfh
ay;/ udk,fvdktyfwmoljznfhay;qdkwJh[mrsdK;
vkyf=ur,f? aemuf+yD;awmh uGef,uf}uD;wck
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uawmh usaemfwdk@u rvkyf&ao;bl;?”
'Dvli,fuGef,uftzGJ@udk +yD;cJhwJhZefe
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ajymygw,f?
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wef;uygw,f? ae&mtpHkyJ? c&rf;uygw,f/
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pHkaygh? aemufwckuusawmhvnf; e,fa0;rSm&Sd
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'DtzGJ@xJrSmygcsifw,fqdkvdk@&Sd&ifvnf; olwdk@
awGyg0ifcGifh&Sd&r,f? 'DtwGufudkvnf; usaemf
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Voa, Jan 7, 2011
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13
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Dvb, Jan 9, 2011
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zvrf;a'o aomufoHk;a&&a&; ul w,f? Ô Ô Ô
quf o G , f r S m ,l v d k y gu  khamauk.khamauk@gmail.com,
www.nldla.net.
P.O Box (34) Mae Sot, Tak 63110.
Thailand.
Ph: 089-856 56 91

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w,f/ olwdk@ usaemfwdk@ a&SŒrSmyJusw,f / odw,f/
'gusaemfwdk@ r=unfh&ufbl;/ 'gayr,fh usaemf
wdk@uvnf; rqkwfay;Ekdifbl;qdkawmh usaemf
vnf; ypf&wmyJ”[k‚if;u qdkygw,f?
tusOf;om;ay:wmrsm; xGufajy;
vmonfh jr0wDc&dkifzvl;a'owGif etzppf
25
qifa&;uGy fuJ r_XmecsKyf (puc)(12)vuf
atmufcHwyf&if; (7)&if; ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;vsuf
&dSa=umif; od&ygw,f? +yD;cJhonfhwdkufyGJumv
twGif; etzwyfrsm;u (DKBA)wyfrsm;&SdEdkif
onfhae&mrsm;odk@ vufeuf}uD;usnf &mESifhcsDI
ypfcwf&m xdkif;EkdifiHe,fedrdwftwGif; vufeuf
}uD;usnfrsm;usa&muf aygufuGJonfhtwGuf
jrefrmrmppftpdk;&udk xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u
uef@uGufpm ay;ydk@xm;ygw,f? wdkufyGJrsm;t
wG if ; ESpf bufwyfrsm;'%f &m& usqk H;r_& Sd
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. vHkòcHa&; rjywfapmifh-unfh&ef tar&duef aqG;aEG;rnf
jref rmh ' D r d k ua&pD acgif ;aqmif vdk@ u|efawmfwdk@ t"duawGŒ&jcif; jzpfygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf&JŒvHkòcHa&;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@
tar&duefjynfaxmifpktaeeJ@ b,fvdkapmifh
=unfhoifhovJqdkwmudk EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [D
vm&D uvifwefeJ@ wdkifyifaqG;aEG;zdk@&Sdw,fvdk@
tar&duefatmufv$wfawmftrwf Joseph
Crowleyu qdkygw,f?
e,l;a,mufòrdŒu jrefrmhta&;v_yf
&Sm;olawGeJ@ Zefe0g&D (11)&ufae@u wem&D
=umawGŒqHkyJGrSm Joseph Crowleyu ajymvdkuf
wmyg? jrefrmjynfrSmaemufqHk;jzpfaewJh EdkifiH
a&;tajctaeawGtygt0if e,fpyfrSmu&if
vufeufudkiftzGJŒeJ@ ppfa&;t&jyif;jyif;xef
xef wdkufyJGjzpfaewJhudpPawGyg aqG;aEG;ajymqdk
cJhw,fvdk@ tpnf;ta0;rSmyg0ifolwOD;jzpfwJh
(Burma Point)u udkrdk;csrf;u ajymygw,f?
“vuf&Sd jrefrmEdkifiHrSmóuHawGŒae&wJh u|efawmf
wdk@'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk
=unf&JŒtouftEœ&m,fudk pdk;&drfr_eJ@ ywfouf
26 EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;vGwf?
a=umif;od&aomfvnf; oD;jcm;twnfðycsuf
&,lEkdifjcif; r&Sdao;ay?
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOf (2010)ck
ESpf Edk 0ifbmv (7)&ufESifh (8)&ufae@u jr0wD
òrdŒe,ftygt0if bk&m;oHk ;qlòrdŒESifh =umtif;qdyf
}uD;òrdŒe,frsm;wGif ppftpdk;&wyfESifh (DKBA)
wyfr[m (5)wdk@ wkdufyGJrsm;pwifjzpfyGm;cJh+yD;
aemuf ae@pOfeD;yg;wdkufyGJrsm;qufwdkuf jzpfyGm;
vsuf&dSygw,f?
ÔÔÔ
Rfa, Jan 12, 2011
'DudpPeJ@ywfoufvdk@ 'Dv$wfawmftrwf*sdK;quf
ca&mfvDudk,fEd_ufuvnf; r=umao;cifurS
a':atmifqef;pk=unf&JŒóuHawGŒae&wJh tE W
&m,feJ@ywfoufvdk@ oluajymoGm;wm &Sdw,f
av?”aqG;aEG;yJGrSmyg0ifolwOD;jzpfwJh trsKd;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGcsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)
twGif;a&;rª; OD;jrifhpdk;uvnf; a':atmifqef;
pk=unf&JŒvHkòcHa&;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ (2003)'DyJ
,if;vkyf}uHr_jzpfwkef;u tajctaeawGudk &Sif;
jycJhw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
'Drdku&uf atmufv$wfawmftrwf
(Joseph Crowley)[m jrefrmhta&;udkumv
=um&Snf axmufcHvmcJholwOD;yg? ol&JŒarG;&yf
e,l;a,mufòrdŒrSmvnf; jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;
olawGeJ@ awG ŒqH k avh &Sd +yD; ppf tkyfcsKyfa&;atmuf
u
jrefrmjynfolawG vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_udk
axmufcHtm;ay;a=umif;jyoaewJh tar&d
ueftrwfwOD; jzpfygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
 HIV a0'em&Sifrsm;udk tvSL&Sifrsm; ydkrdktm&Hkpdkufvm
t rsKd ;om;'D rd k u a&pD tzG J @ csKyf ygwDjzpfa&;udk t,lcH0ifxm;qJ jzpfygw,f? a0
(NLD). vlr_taxmuftulðytzGJ@rS ulnD
aqmif&Gufay;aeaom (HIV/ AIDS)a0'em
&Sifrsm;tm; jynfwGif;jynfytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vl
r_a&;tzGJ@rsm;u tm¶kHpdkufr_ydkrdkrsm;vma=umif;
od&ygw,f?
“EdkifiHwum&JŒtm¶kHpdkufr_ &vmo
vdk/ vlemawGvnf; wdk;yGm;vmygw,f”[k a0'
emonfrsm;tm; OD;aqmifulnDay;aeol rjzL
jzLoif;u ajymjyygw,f? EdkifiHwumESifh jynf
wGif;jynfyvlr_a&;tzGJ@rsm;. tm¶kHpl;pdkufvm
jcif ;onf jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmif
qef;pk=unf ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fuscH&mrS jyef
vnf vGwfajrmuf vm+yD; udk,fwdki(HIV f / AIDS)
a0'em&Sifrsm;xHoGm;a&muf tm;ay;ulnDr_ðy
vkyfcJhonfhaemufydkif;wGif ydkrdkrsm;vmonf[k
rjzLjzLoif;u qdkygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk
=unfoGm;a&mufI a0'em&Sifrsm;udk awG@qkHul
nDcJh+yD;aemufydkif;wGif pmay/ *Dw tEkynm&Sif
rsm;/ tqdkawmfrsm;/ jynfwGif;*sme,frsm;rS
t,f'Dwm/ owif;axmufrsm;u oGm;a&muf
umaiGa=u;/ pm;aomufp&mrsm;ay;I tm;
ay;ulnDr_rsm; qufwdkuf&Sdvmygw,f ? apwem
&Sifrsm;onf (HIV/ AIDS)a0'em&Sifrsm;tm;
ulnDay;vdkaomfvnf; (NLD)u wnfaxmif
xm;aoma*[m jzpfaoma=umifh trsm;pku
ulnDr_ay;&ef xdwfvef@aea=umif; od&ygw,f?
(NLD)ygwDudk ppftpdk;&u w&m;r
0ifygwDtjzpf a=unmcJhaoma=umifh w&m;0if
tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;vGwf?
Irrawaddy, Jan 13, 2011
'em&Sifrsm;tm; ulnDr_ay;aejcif;onf EdkifiH
a&;ESifh ywfoufr_r&Sd[k (NLD). wm0ef&Sdol
wOD;u qdkygw,f? vlemrsm;.usefrma&; t
ajctaerSmvnf; ,cif xuf ydk rdkwdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvma=umif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf
udk,fwdkif vlemrsm;tm;apwemtjynfhjzifh cGJ
jcm;qufqHr_r&SdI 0rf;om*k%f,lrda=umif;
(HIV)a0'em&SiftrsKd;orD;wOD;u qdkygw,f?
“ajrmufOuUvm a0bm*Daq;¶kHrSmaecJh&wkef;
u w&ufrSpdwfrcsrf;omcJh&bl;? q&m0efawGu
rwlrwefovdk qufqHw,f/ tm;ay;&r,fht
pm; cGJjcm;qufqHvdk@ ydk+yD;awmhcHpm;&w,f/
tm;i,f&w,f”[k ‚if;u ajymygw,f? olr
onf awmif'*kHòrdŒ&Sd (NLD)vlr_taxmuft
ulðytzGJ@u wnfaxmifxm;aom okc&dyfòrH
a*[modk@a&muf&SdcJhonfrSm (2)ESpfeD;yg;&Sd+yD jzpf
a=umif;/ okc&dyòfrHodk@ra&mufrD ul;pufa&m*g
&Sifrsm;tm;ukoxm;&Sdonfh a0bm*Daq;¶kHY
(1)ESpfeD;yg;aecJh&a=umif; &Sif;jyygw,f? ,ckt
cg touf (32)ESpf&Sd+yDjzpfaom tqdkyga0'em
&SiftrsdK;orD;onf a';'&JòrdŒolwOD;jzpf+yD; ol.
cifyGef;onfxHrS a0'emul;pufcHcJh&a=umif;/
cifyGef;onfrSm vGefcJhaom (3)ESpfu qkH;yg;oGm;
cJha=umif;/ uav; (2)OD;&Sdonfhteuf om;i,f
jzpfolvnf;ul;pufcHae&a=umif; qufajymyg
w,f?
“usreJ@twl (4)ESpft&G,fom;av;
yg ydk;ul;pufcHxm;&w,f? uav;u c%c%
27
zsm;avh&Sdw,f”[k olu qdkygw,f? okc&dyfòrH
a*[modk@a&muf+yD;aemufydkif;wGif ‚if;wdk@om;
trdonf usef;rma&;aumif;rGefvm+yD; omref
vlrsm;uJhodk@ 0òzd;vmonf[k ajymygw,f? t
qdkygtrsdK;orD;onf a';'&JwGifaecJhpOfuvnf;
ywf0ef;usif. txiftjrifao;r_/ cGJjcm;quf
qHr_rsm; cHcJh&a=umif;/ xdk@a=umifh rdrda'oodk@
rjyefawmhbJ okc&dyòfrHYoma0'em&Sifrsm;udk
ulnDay;I b0udk qufvuf&yfwnfoGm;rnf
jzpfa=umif; ajymqdkygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (HIV/AIDS)a0'em
&Sifaygif; (2)odef; (4)aomif;ausmf&Sd+yD; a0'em
&Sif (5)OD;v#if (1)OD;om aq;0g;ukor_cH,lcGifh
&&Sda=umif;/ xdk (1)OD;onfyif aq;0g;tjynfht
0ukor_ rcH&ao;a=umif; urBmhukvor*~(UN)
rSxkwfjyefonfh (2010)jynfhESpf urBm@ (AIDS)
tpD&ifcHpmwGif a&;om;xm;ygw,f? aq;0g;
vkHavmufr_r&Sdao;aom jrefrmEdkifiHrSa0'em
&Sifrsm;twGuf (UN)u (ARV)aq;0g;axmuf
yhHr_udk (2015)ckESpftxd axmufyHhay;oGm;rnf
NLD &yfwnfa&; aemufqHk; txl;t,lcHwif
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJŒcsKyf w&m; usKd;aqmifa&SŒae (3)OD;u aejynfawmfw&m;
0ifygwDtjzpfqufvuf &yfwnfEkdifa&; aemuf
qkH;txl;t,lcHv$mukd =um;emzkd@twGuf ae
jynfawmfw&m;¶kH;csKyfu vufcHvkduf+yDvkd@ t
usKd;aqmifa&SŒae}uD; OD;^m%f0if;u ajymyg
w,f? tr_ukdvufcHxm;vkdufayrJh b,fae@rSm
=um;emr,fqkdwmawmh rod&ao;bl;vkd@ qkdyg
w,f?
'DaemufqkH;t,lcHv$mukdawmh t
28 ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u?
[k od&ygw,f?
awmif'*kH&Sd (NLD)vlr_ulnDa&;a*
[mY ,cifu a'0em&Sif (80)cef@om&SdcJh&mrS
,ck&ufydkif;wGif vl (120)ausmftxd wdk;yGm;
vma=umif ;/ w&ufv#if a0'em&Sif (5)OD ;rS (10)
OD;txd vma&mufcdkvH–aea=umif; ‚if;tzGJŒu
ajymygw,f? a0'em&Sifwdk;vmjcif;ESifhtwl t
cuftcJrsm;ydkrdk&Sdvmaomfvnf; taumif;qHk;
taetxm;udkawG;awmI vkyfaqmifoGm;
rnf[k rjzLjzLoif;u qdkygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (HIV/ AIDS)a&m*g
&&Sdvmygu xdkvlemtm;vlr_todkif;t0ef;u
ypfy,fxm;wwfonfhobm0onf aus;vuf
a'orsm;Yomru òrdŒjya'orsm;wGifvnf; &Sd
aeqJ jzpfygw,f? usef;rma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh
oufqdkif&m a'ocHusef;rma&;Xmersm;onf
tqkdyg a&m*gESifhywfoufI ynmay;r_tm;
enf;ao;onfhtjyif a0'em&Sifrsm;onfvnf;
tm%mydkifrsm;.+cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;udk cHae=u
&ygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Voa, Jan 13, 2011
¶kH;csKyfrSmoGm;a&muf wifoGif;cJh=uwmyg? “'D
ae@ OD;=unf0if;&,f/ usaemf&,f/ OD;ausmf[kd;
&,f (3)a,muf aejynfawmfukdvm+yD; tr_
vmwifygw,f? usaemfwkd@&JŒtxl;t,lcHukd
(12)em&DrSm wif ygw,f? (2)em&DrSm jyefcsdef;w,f ?
(2)em&Djyefvmawmh tr_eHygwfay;ygw,f? t
,lcHav#mufv$m (Acceptance)aygh/ rSwfykHwif
w,faygh/ tJ'Dvdk ajymvdk@&w,f? tr_eHygwfu
(16)&ygw,f?”
tck wif+yD;oGm;+yDqdkawmh a&SŒquf
b,fvdkjzpfrvJ cifAs? =um;emzdk@vm;/ b,fvdk
ygvJ cifAsm;?
“&ufudkusaemfwkd@qDudk ta=umif;
=um;ay;yghr,fvdk@ w&m;¶k H;uajymvkd ufygw,f ?”
'gqkd&if a&SŒqufapmihf&OD;r,fh o
abmaygh?
“[k wfuJhy g/ usaemfwkd @ olwd k@t
a=umif;=um;r,fhae@&ufudk apmifh&r,f? tJ'D
ae@&ufa&muf&if vufcHa&;twGufav#muf
vJcsuf ay;&r,f?”
vufcHa&;twGufqkdawmh 'Dtr_udk
w&m;¶kH;u vufcH,lxm;vkdufwmyJ &Sdao;
w,f? =um;emr,f/ r=um;embl;qkdwmawmh
raocsmao;bl;qkdwJh oabmvm;cifAs?
“=um;emrSm aocsmw,f? =um;em
r,fh&ufukdom rodao;wmyg? wbufu t
pdk;&bufua&SŒaecsKyf¶kH;u jzpfr,f? aemuf 'Dw
tqdk;&Gm;qHk; tm%m&Sif tpdk;&awGxJrSm jrefrmEdkifiH pm&if;0if
tar&duefEkdifiHu EkdifiHa&;eJ@ EkdifiH cGihfta&;vGwfvyfr_ tqkd;wumh tqkd;qkH;EkdifiH
om;qkdif&mvGwfvyfr_awGudk apmihf=unhftuJ
cwfaewJhtzGJŒu urBmhwckvkH;&JŒvGwfvyfr_
[m rESpfu qkwf,kwfvmcJhw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f?
tckvdk qkwf,kwfvmcJh&wm[m urBmh'Drkdu
a&pDEkdifiHawG&JΠa0zefqef@usifr_ tm;enf;vm
wJhtwGuf tm%m&Siftpkd;&awGu tm%mydk
&Sdvmwmjzpfw,fvdk@ qkdvkdufygw,f?
'DtpD&ifcHpmxJrSm jrefrmEkdifiH[m
vnf; urBmhrSmEkdifiHa&;eJ@ EkdifiHom;qkdif&m t
xGufaygufudkr&SmbJ azmufxGuf-u ?
bufu usaemfwkd@aygh?”
(NLD) A[kdOya'taxmuftulðy
tzGJŒ0if tusKd;aqmifa&SŒae}uD; OD;^m%f0if;
ajymjycJhwm jzpfygw,f?
+yD;cJhwJh Ekd0ifbmvrSmusif;ycJhwJh a&G;
aumufyGJrSm0ifa&muf,SOfòydifjcif; rðyzk(NLD)
d@
uqk H;jzwf cJh+yD;aemuf ppf tpkd;&u xk wfjyef xm;
wJha&G;aumufyGJqkdif&m enf;Oya'awGa=umifh
ygwDtaeeJ@ w&m;0if&yfwnfykdifcGifh r&Sdawmh
ovkdjzpfoGm;cJhwJhtay: (NLD)u w&m;¶kH;rSm
t,lcH 0ifxm;wmyg?
a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf uk d,f wk d if
vufrSwfa&;xkd;wifoGif;cJhwJh ygwDqufvuf&yf
wnfa&; yxrt}udrft,lcHukdawmh aejynf
awmfw&m;¶kH;csKyfu +yD;cJhwJh Ekd0ifbm (22)&uf
ae@uy,fcscJhayrJh txl;t,lcH0ifcGifh &Sdae
ao;wma=umifh tckaemufqkH;tqifh aejynf
awmfrSm&SdwJhw&m;¶kH;csKyfrSm 'Dtxl;t,lcHukd
wifoGif;wm jzpfygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Voa, Jan 13, 2011
(47)EkdifiHxJrSmyg0ifw,fvdk@ qkdxm;ygw,f? r
ae@uxkwfjyefcJhwJh 'DtzGJŒ&JŒESpfpOf tpD&ifcHpm
rSm (Freedom House)tzGJŒ}uD;u (2010)rSm
urBmay:rS mvGwfvyfr_awG qk wf,kwfvm
w,f/ tckvdk qkwf,kwfvmwm[m (5)ESpf
qufwkduf&Sdvm+yDvdk@ qkdxm;ygw,f?
'DtzGJŒ&JŒ okawoe !$ef=um;a&;rª;
tuf&Sfy&ufwifwefu 'DvkdjzpfcJhwJhtqkd;qkH;
jzpf&yfxJrSm rESpfuw¶kwfEkdifiH[m ‚if;EkdifiH&JŒ
29
twkduftcHynm&Sif vsLa&Smifbkd (Liu Xiaobo) rpfac;udk'dkaumhpuD;udk axmifcswmu ouf
+idrf;csrf;a&;Ekdb,fvfqk&wmudk a'gow}uD; aojyaew,fvdk@ qkdygw,f? AifeDZGJvm;orRw
wkH@jyefcJhwmvnf;ygw,fvdk@ qkdygw,f? a=u [l*dk &SmAuf (Hugo Chavez)u orRwtrdef@eJ@
nmcsufwckxJrSmawmh b,ftpkd;&urS qkdAD wkdif;jynfukdtkyfcsKyfzdk@ Oya'ðytzGJŒu cGihfðy
,ufwkd@/ emZD *smreDwdk@wkef;uawmifrS 'DEkd vkdufwmudkvnf; a0zefqef@usifxm;ygw,f?
b,fvfqkay:rSm tckvdk¶kdif;¶kdif;jyjy rvkyfcJhbl; tzGJŒOuUÏ y&ufwifwefu urBmh'D
vdk@ qkdygw,f? rdkua&pDEkdifiHawGu a0zefxkwfazmfr_awGrvkyf
¶k&Sm;EkdifiHrSmvnf; pdwfysufp&mjzpf &if tm%m&SifawG ydk+yD;t&Sdef&vmvdrhfr,fvdk@
cJhw,f/ ¶k&Sm;a&eHolaX;}uD;eJ@ tpdk;&a0zefol qkdvkdufygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
atmufAdkvfwJeJΠacsmufurf;yg;-um; etz ppfwyf,mOfwef;udk 'DaubDau wkdufckduf
Soneseayar, Jan 16, 2011
atmufAdkvfwJeJ@ acsmufurf;yg; cdkufr_awG t+rJvdkvdk&Sdae+yD; ,ae@ ae@vnfrSm
=um;rSm etzbufu ppfulwufvmwJh ppf zvl;bufuae av;a';pcef;bufudk vufeuf
,mOfwef;udk 'DaubDaubufrS wkdufckdufwJh }uD;awGeJ@ ypfcwfwkdufcdkufr_awG &SdcJhygw,f?
twGuf ppfum;wpD; acsmufxJxkd;usoGm; wqufwnf;rSmyJ 'DaubDatAdkvf
w,fvdk@ =um;od&ygw,f? r–;rlaq; OD;aqmifwJhwyfzGJ@awGeJ@ autef,l
ppf,mOfwef;awG[m zvl;ppfa'o wyf&if; (18)wdk@ yl;aygif;tiftm;[m aumhu
twGuf ppfulvkdufvmwJh ppfum;awGjzpf+yD; &dwfòrdŒe,f vrf;zg;&GmteD;rSm puc (5)vuf
acsmufxJxkd;usoGm;wJh ppfum;xJrSm etzppf atmufcHwyfawGudk 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufchJyg
om; (20)avmufygoGm;w,fvdkvJ od&Sd&yg w,f? usKduf'kHòrdŒe,f ¶_dx&GmteD;rSmvnf; 'D
w,f? 'Dwkdufcdkufr_eJ@ywfouf+yD jr0wDòrdŒcHawG aubDat AdkvfarmifydefeJ@ Adkvfyd'g; OD;aqmifwJh
udk ar;jref=unfh&m ppf,Ofwef;udk rdkif;cGJwkduf wyfzGJ@awGeJ@ etzwyfawG wdkufyGJawG jzpfcJhyg
cdkufwmawmh =um;od&w,fvdk@ jyefajymjyyg w,f? a0:avbuf rSmawmh etzbufu '%f
w,f? tjcm;tao;pdwfawGawmh olwdk@rod &m& ppfom; (6)OD;udk xkdif;EdkifiHudkjzwf+yD; jr0wD
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jrefrmudk ydwfqdkhxm;r+ &kyfodrf;a&; tmqD,Hawmif;qdk
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