Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXAM PRACTICE
vocabulary
use of English
reading & speaking
..
wr1t1ng
word bank
with kry
~~~ KMs=w
MUZIEJUS
Kaisiadorys 2006
1 Mike and Susan are Ruth and David's .
2 Nick and Carol are Susan's .
3 Maria is Phil and Virginia's .
4 David is Tom's .
5 Lucy is Mike and Susan's .
6 Nick is Tom's .
7 Lucy is Tom's .
8 Steve is Phil and Virginia's .
9 Phil and Virginia are Lucy's .
10 Ruth is David's .
11 Tom is Steve's .
12 Nick, Lucy and Steve are .
13 Ruth is Carol's .
14 David is Phil's .
15 Carol is Lucy's .
1 He was always very as a child and hated going to parties or meeting new people.
2 If you lend me the money, I'll be very .
3 Mary's father was too and never allowed his teenage daughter to wear make-up.
4 I wish you should grow up. You're so .
5 A good friend is someone who is kind, considerate and totally .
6 I wish I were as as Paul. He makes up stories to read to the children at bedtime without the least effort.
7 Shirley hates waiting for anything. She's so .
8 Ruth is a girl, always looking at herself in mirrors and thinking how fine she is.
9 I think I won't go to the party and stay here on my own, I'm not feeling very today.
10 My parents don't mind my crazy hair style. They are very .
shoulder-length teenager wavy thick dark-eyed
over sixteen straight fashionable under five blonde
in hisfher earty thirties welL-buiLt plaited smart attractive
oroaQ-shOU\QeleQ plump overweight sfun Q)'eQ
middle-aged trnn curl)' aQult pensioner
in his/her late forties handsome
Age
Build
1 Read the text carefully. Each line has a missing word. Use the words from the box to complete the
sentences. Use the word only once. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where a word is missing. Write the
missing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you.
I envy people who can say / they are in a few simple words. o ...•Y)JP .
For me, not easy. Nationality? Well ... I have two passports. 1 .
English or American, or other way around - for I was 2 .
born in Alabama, but have lived most my life in England. 3 .
Occupation? I'm ex-everything. A director of a large 4 .
advertising agency, a theatre press officer, a porter in hospital, 5 .
a broadcaster, a cookery writer. One summer I even worked a 6 .
cowboy. When things really got desperate, I sank to a 7 .
teacher of English foreign students. 8 .
Since that the job I actually liked best, let's say I'm an ex- 9 .
teacher, now a freelance writer. I'm very sociable, perhaps 10 .
I'm happiest alone, reading a book. I as tall as a basketball 11 .
player, but I hate all sports swimming. Now, if I've confused 12 .
you, imagine it's like being me. 13 .
2 Read the passage from Rachel's interview. If the lines are correct, put a tick (/) next to the number
of the line. If the line has a word that shouldn't be there, underline the extra word and write it next to
the number of the line, a~ in the example.
I grew up in the north London and by the age of five I knew what I o .. JM .
wanted to do and was determined to do it. In fact, I was a typical girlie 00 :f .
girl: I dressed up for in my mum's high heels, I used to wear make-up, 1 .
I was going to the ballet classes and was already in love with my
first boyfriend.
I have fond memories of my school days but I do remember coming in
home crying on occasions. I wasn't majorly popular at the school. I
never suffered physical bullying but I put up with about some bitchy,
catty comments. There are so many different sides of bullying and it's
all terrible, whether it's mental or physical. It affects to you no matter
what form it takes. I guess I was a lucky because I could always talk 9
with my parents about it. 10 .
At the 15 I was an average student. My parents always told me to do 11
my best and that's all that mattered. 12
As soon as I turned 17, I have passed my driving test and my life took 13
off. I finished my business course at college and then I left to 14
work for a film company. I still live at the home which may sound a 15
bit sad, but my parents have been so too cool that I have never felt the 16
need to get away from them. I have my independence, I have my car, 17
so I for basically do what I want. I'm so happy at the moment I can't tell you. 18
0: 1 What is..y,o.lJx. ~umame , please? P: I finished secondary school in 1990 with GCSE
P: Poloni. in six subjects.
0: 2 •.••••••••••••.•.....•••••••••..••••....•...•••.........••••• ? 0: One more question please. 8 ?
P: It's Alberto. P: I speak German and French fluently and under-
0: 3.................•.......•.......•..................•........ ? stand Polish.
P: 22"d June 1972. 0: 9 ....•......•....................................................... ?
0: 4 ................••.•••........•.••.•.••••••••.•••..••••••.... ? P: Well, I'm very keen on basketball and enjoy gar-
P: I'm Italian. dening as well.
0: ? 0: I see. 1O .•...•••••••••••.••••••••.•••••••.•••.••••••.••••••••••••••.• ?
P: I'm a mechanic. P: I'm going to stay here for fourteen months.
6 ...........................•••..........•.................... ? 0: 11.•••...•...•.••••...••.....••••.......••••.•....••••...••.....••. ?
P: I'm divorced, my wife and two children live P: It's 14 Venecia Street, Rome.
in France. 0: 12 .•••.••.•••.•......••..••••...........•..•.••..•••.•••..•........ ?
0: 7 ...•....•...•..•.......•••••.•............................... ? P: It's 62 London Road, Brighton.
(line 6) · .. the surf would be phenomenal. (line 30) ... he's got the gift of the gab ...
(line 7) ... I'm a complete addict. (line 35) · .. a girl scored high ...
(line 13) · .. cruising round the town. (line 37) · .. I plucked up the nerve to speak ...
(line 15) · .. most of them dress to the nines. (line 42) · .. cake on the make-up.
(line 23) ... he's always on the pull. (line 45) ... this girl definitely perked up ...
(line 26) ... without putting on a front. (line 78) The surfing lifestyle's unbeatable ...
(line 29) · .. totally geared towards pulling. (line 81) ... who I can hang out ...
(line 30) Rich was in his element ...
4 Find these phrasal verbs in the text and underline them, then use them in the correct form to complete
the given sentences.
1 Why are the policemen in such a rush? - I think they the thief.
2 Smelly feet definitely will the other people .
3 How can you expect to make friends when you and only read books all the time?
4 Mrs Morgan her neighbour since the time she came here; they are similar in character.
5 Can you guess who I yesterday quite unexpectedly?
6 I want to have the evenings free for with my friends.
Draw your own family trees. Show your grandparents, uncles, aunts, brothers and sisters, nieces and
nephews and leave three blanks. Explain your family tree to your partner. Slhe should ask questions to
find out the three blanks.
You got acquainted with a fellow / girl from Britain at the party. Both of you are eager to know each
other better. Find out everything about each other's personality, likes and dislikes, free time activities.
Ask your friend to meet your cousin at the station. In your conversation you and your friend are free
to ask and answer various questions concerning your cousin's. appearance.
d Imagine that you are an official and your partner is someone who has just arrived in Britain. Ask
questions which are usually given by an immigration officer.
Imagine that your partner is a stranger and you want to find out this information about her / him. Use the
- y words and expressions given below.
Names: mother's first name, her / his full name, street where s/he lives
_ umbers: date of birth, phone, flat or house, post code
Fayourite: colour, food, drink, school subject(s), sport, film stares), singer(s)
Pius: five or six pieces of information about her / his family, relations
- in small groups. Study the words given below with your friends. Find out the ten qualities which
of your friends think are very important and five qualities which you think are not important in a
spouse. Explain your choice.
\f
1 To find out how much you already know about the differences in the layout of informal and formal
letters tick one or two boxes if the statement is correct.
Informal Formal Neither
(Inf) (F) (N)
1 You write your first and last names in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J
2 You write your address without your name in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J
3 You needn't write your address. c:::J c::J c:::J
4 You write the date under your address. c:::J c::J c:::J
5 You write the name and address of the person you are writing to on
the left, above Dear X. CJ c::J CJ
6 You usually begin with Dear ... c:::J c::J c:::J
7 You usually begin with Dear Friend, Dear Brother, Dear Cousin. c:::J c::J c:::J
8 You begin with Dear SirlMadam, Dear Sir, Dear Madam,
Dear Editor, Dear Dr Brown, Dear Mr Mason. c:::J c::J CJ
9 You begin with Dear Pat, Dear Robert, Dear Mum. c:::J c::J CJ
10 You give all the necessary information organised in paragraphs. CJ c::J c:::J
11 You cannot use contractions (eg she's, I'd, we're). c:::J c::J CJ
12 You can use colloquial, idiomatic expressions and slang. c:::J c::J c:::J
13 You finish Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully. c:::J c::J c:::J
14 You finish with Lots of love, Best wishes, Bye for now, Best of luck. c:::J c::J c:::J
15 You sign your name clearly in full. c:::J c::J c:::J
16 You print your name under your signature. c:::J c::J c:::J
1 Dear Sir a To finish business letters beginning with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam'.
2 Dear Mr Smith b To finish a formal letter to a correspondent whose name you know.
3 Dear Sir / Madam c Salutations for friends and relatives and close colleagues.
4 Dear Jack d To begin a letter when you don't know if your correspondent is a man or a woman.
5 Yours faithfully e Salutations in letters to people who you normally call by their last name.
6 Yours sincerely f For beginning a formal letter to a man whose name you do not know.
,. 3 The paragraphs in the following letter are jumbled. Put them in the correct order by numbering them.
J
3 Carton Avenue
London SW 30B
12th May, 2003
Dear Rosalind,
[A[J I suppose you'll think that I've gone quite mad, had another of my idiotic ideas, but you'll be wrong.
It's true I have given up my job but the urge to do just that has been building up for a lona time, as you
know. 'Why Rome?' I hear you ask. Well, Roz, I did spend four years at Universi .' porina over boring
Italian grammar books and studying Dante. I got a good degree and then what? A job in a bank.' And not
even in the Foreign Exchange Department. To think I spent behind that coumer Se1en years.' I deserve a
medal but, as I can't award myself one, I have decided on a holiday in Rome' 'ead.
ffi[J Hello.' How are you? It seems ages since we last met and I have so mud, ;0: 'f you ThatI don't know
where to start. First, by the time you get this letter I will be enjoying the si his ~ I al. - Rome to be precise.
lIT] This letter is rather incoherent but I have such a lot to say. OM In case /'':oruT, thank you for the
lovely birthday card. The 2nd of May was quite a day: my thirtieth binlultr... " _ aid I'll have to finish
this letter - I have so much to do. I'll be in touch very soon.
[Q[] This last year has brought some changes. It all began, I dare say, when my marriage had broken up.
George and I haven't begun divorce proceedings yet but it's only a matter of time. There's no chance of a
reconciliation: I certainly don't want one and I don't think George does either deep down but he still
speaks about 'a fresh start' and 'trying to make a go of it' whenever we meet. He's not a stupid man but
he does love to talk much. I'm glad now that we never had children.
OOIJ Every day here is an adventure. I don't do much except wander about the city, looking, listening,
taking photographs and enjoying my freedom. Coming here was a brilliant idea. But please don't
think that I don't understand that this euphoria can't last forever. I realise that I must come down to
earth - and pretty soon. In fact, I am actively looking for a job and there was rather an interesting
one advertised in the 'Times' last week. However, I can't bring myself to fill in the application form
- not just yet. Would you be an angel and do it for me and send it off? I'd be eternally grateful and
as you know more about me than I know about myself, it shouldn't be too hard a task. My old boss,
the manager of the Duke Avenue branch of Silvers bank, will give me a reference (the postal code
is W12 3NN - London, of course).
Best wishes,
Maud
PS Note that I've gone back to using my maiden name.
PPS I've signed the form already, I don 't want you to commit forgery!
4 Who is Maud writing this letter to and why? Is it a personal or formal letter? Is the format and language
appropriate for this type of letters? Why? / Why not? What do the abbreviations PS and PPS mean?
5 Read the letter above once more and fill in the application form.
6 These statements may be found in application forms. Translate them into the Lithuanian language. Consult
a dictionary if necessary.
WORD BANK
_ :\1ake the opposites of the adjectives by using the prefix un- or the suffix ·less. Then fill in the gaps
with the most suitable word.
I I find an electric fan very to have at home when the heat outside is incredible.
_ Pale carpets are if you have kids.
A(n) room doesn't have enough fresh air.
-t What a(n) room; the books and things are scattered everywhere.
- The curtains in my room attract everybody's attention.
6 It was an ugly room with decorations and shabby furniture.
- We have just moved to a new apartment as it is more than the previous one.
The room was so with different pieces of old furniture that it was impossible to breathe.
Our house is not very large, but it is (1) c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and well planned. It is a small two-storyed
(2) d house. In front of the house there is a green (3) 1 and a lot of flowers. Behind
it there is a little (4) 0 with a few fruit trees in it. On the (5) g floor there is a
(6) k , a pantry, a dining-room, a (7) c sitting-room and my father's (8) s . There
are several rooms (9) u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the first floor: my parents' (10) b , Grandmother's
room, which is also my little brother's (11) n , my room and a (12) b . The
(13) C is modern and quite new. But my father says he has to pay a lot of money for the
house, (14) h , gas and (15) e .
1 George redecorated his room with flowery a) with woods, fields and a small river.
wallpaper b) only a shower and a basin, but he didn't mind.
2 She furnished the rooms with what she had c) because they both had difficulty climbing
already owned stairs.
3 The old couple decided to buy a bungalow d) which had been rebuilt and turned into a
4 My family has lived in this farmhouse for years modern house.
5 My home town is surrounded by lovely e) and the flat felt damp and chilly.
countryside f) and painted the floor light brown.
6 There's a knock at the door. g) I always take the lift.
7 Their house was an old farm building, h) because she couldn't afford to buy new
8 Peter's bathroom didn't have a bath, furniture.
9 It had been raining for a week, i) and we have always raised horses here too.
10 I live on the 25th floor of a block of flats so j) Can you see who it is?
1 A: Good morning. I'm Jack Green. I've come to see the 1.•................................ renting
B: Come in and have a look, please. It's the one 2•...••....•..••.••..••.••.•..•..• mine. landlady
A: Are you a 3 here too? room
B: Yes, I've been 4 •.•.••.•••••••••.••.••.•......... from Mrs Kent for three years. tenant
A: Is Mrs Kent the 5 here? next to
B: Yes, she's very kind and friendly.
ill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning of
e whole text. Mind the word order. The first has been done for you.
We (1 just buy) .. hf!.y(!.jU$.t!J.@g!J.L. our last house. As I (2 unpack) yet another box
"'oIlowing our recent (3 move) , I began counting. I (4 realise) that
'y teenage children (5 so far live) in nine different houses. And that Pearl, who
'- only three years old, (6 already live) in four different houses.
, nat a shock! I'm not sure how it happened. Somehow, Ijust (7 stumble) from house to
use, never stopping (8 think) about that (9 fable) word 'stability'.
_'ow I'm stuck with the guilt of (10 realise) that my (11 old) .
hildren will never have fond memories of (12 they) favourite tree in the garden.
I (13 grow up) in two houses. I can still remember the camellia tree from which I (14
hang) upside down day after day until, (15 eventual) , I got too big
and my head (16 hit) the ground. And, it was only one generation ago - my (17 parent)
............................... generation - when it (18 be) common to spend your entire (19 child)
............................... living in the one home. My generation (20 have) other values though,
and I wonder how different our lives and the lives of our children (21 be) , if we had more
of a sense of (22 belong) to a certain place rather than this constant drive to upscale.
How (23 irony) that in the age where my children are facing far more stress than any
other generation as they struggle to cope with a (24 doubt) future, they (25 notJhave)
............................... the stability of a home that never changes. I am (26 eternal) grateful
to my parents, who provided a beach house for the past 20 years where my children (27 learn) .
[0 swim, had their (28 high) marked on the doorframe every Christmas and now have
hoto albums full of snaps (29 take) there.
So here I am in our 100-year-old house with lots of rooms for the (30 grandchild) .
vhen they come to stay, and a gorgeous old garden with not one but three camellia trees. As I roam through the
"ght, (31 air) rooms or just sit (32 enjoy) the garden I find myself
-~ ling in ever so (33 slow) for the long haul.
Ask Louise Bucher if she and her family will ever move 'Everything went to plan. It did end costing us more than we
from their barn conversion in Kent and she smiles. 'Definitely had budgeted for, but I think these things always do.'
not, this is the home we always dreamed of,' she says. Louise had kept all the decoration in the house incredibly
'Everything about is perfect. We've got all the space we simple. 'As this building itself is so beautiful inside - with all
need, the views are stunning, plus there's the fact that we've the original beams - I didn't want to distract from that.' All the
put so much work into it - we'll be here for a long time!' walls are soft cream, except in the kitchen where they have
Louise, a print-maker who exhibits her work locally, and been washed with a warm terracotta and a neutral-coloured
her husband, Tim, a surveyor, bought the barn 16 years carpet has been laid throughout the house. The pale walls and
ago. 'We were Iiving in a beautiful house in a nearby village,' floors and the long floor-to-ceiling, south facing windows mean
she explains. 'Over the years the surrounding land was that the whole house is flooded with light. 'We were careful
becoming more built up. We lost our gorgeous views and with the design and decoration to make our house light and
the peaceful atmosphere we had moved there for didn't airy,' Louise explains.
exist anymore.' So, along with their two small children, Tom The space above the garage, which used to be home to the
and Leonie, they started looking for something new. children's table-tennis table, has now been transformed into
The black, clapboard barn, built around 1530, is Louise's studio, where she not only produces her own prints
supposed to be one of the oldest in Kent, and stands on but also runs a series of arts and crafts courses. 'When Tom
top of a hill with stunning views across fields and orchards. and Leonie moved out we tried to think of something new to do
'The view from the back is one of the things I love most with the room. At first we thought to run it as a B&B, but then
about this house - all the windows look over it, and a lot of we came up with the idea of arts classes, which meant that I
those are floor-to-ceiling windows, so it becomes a part of could still use it as my studio when they weren't taking place.'
every room.' The barn was really just that - a draughty barn. The creative courses cover topics like flower arranging,
It hadn't changed for over 400 years. No one had ever lived watercolour painting, even cooking. 'They've been very
in it, the floors were covered in straw, there were no windows, successful. People learn something new, have a nice lunch in
just huge doors banging in the wind. The whole structure the kitchen and meet like-minded people. It works really well.
had to be stripped back to its timber frame and re-built, so It's never going to make us a fortune, but I really enjoy doing
essentially it was like building a new house. 'The thought it'
of having to start from scratch was actually one of the most The wonderful thing about the house is that it is full of old-
appealing things,' Tim says. style charm, with the original beams and pieces of furniture
The conversion took nine months which, for the amount collected over the years. As it is actually a new building, it has
of work that had to be done - such as lowering the floor all the modern conveniences of a modern home. There's no
level by three feet to provide enough height for two floors draughty windows or suspect plumbing to worry about, and
- is actually not that long. 'While building work takes place, there's no risk of the heating grinding to a halt in the middle of
lots of people live in a caravan on site.' So they put all the February. 'This house really does give us the best of both
furniture into storage and rented a cottage just down the worlds,' says Louise. 'It was a lot of work, but definitely worth
road. That way they could keep an eye on what was going it - we've built the house of our dreams.'
on, but could also escape from it at the end of the day.
1 Why are the Buchers planning to stay in their converted house for a long time?
A This is the decision of all the members of the family.
B Because it's the house of their dreams.
C Because everything was done by themselves.
D As the stability of a house has a certain appeal for all the family members.
2 Why did they decide to move from a beautiful village house?
A Because their children were small.
B Because they needed more space.
C This was a whim of Louise.
D Because the built-up neighbourhood changed the situation to the worse.
3 What becomes a part of every room?
A Floor-to-ceiling windows.
B The sight seen from the back.
C The timber frame that goes back to 1530.
D The ancient atmosphere of the barn.
4 Where did the family live during the building period?
A They hired a bungalow nearby.
B In a caravan.
C On site.
D In a storehouse.
5 Why was the decoration design in the house plain?
A Because they laid a neutral-coloured carpet.
B Because they wanted their house to be airy.
CBecause the windows were on the southern part of the house.
D Because the owner wanted to call everybody's attention to the natural charm of the house.
6 What is the attic above the garage used for?
A As a children's playroom.
B As art classrooms.
C Interchangeably as a studio and an art classroom.
D As aB&B.
7 What are the topics of the courses?
A Art issues.
B Domestic problems.
C Floral decorations.
D From art to domestic ones.
8 What is peculiar about that house?
A It's ancient.
B The past and the present match perfectly well together.
C A homely atmosphere.
D Up-to-date amenities.
What do Louise and Tim do? 4 What makes the house light and airy?
_ What did the barn look like? 5 What does Louise do in her studio?
3 How did they get enough height for two floors? 6 Why are creative courses very successful?
- Work in pairs and make your own dialogues. Use the prompts given on p. 15l.
a) Imagine that one of you is a student looking for a flat to rent and the other is a landlord / landlady.
Discuss the following:
• the rent and when you have to pay it • if bed linen, laundering and cleaning are included in the rent
• the time you can move in • if a retaining fee is necessary during the vacations
b) Imagine that one of you is a person looking for a house to buy and the other is an estate agent.
Discuss the following:
c) Speak about the type of the house you live in, its costs, its location and environment, describe the
rooms.
a) Design your own ideal home. Draw a simple plan of the house you would like to have and after you
have finished, describe your dream house to the rest of the class.
• Make a list of the furniture and other furnishings (carpets, curtains etc).
• Describe the colour scheme in your rooms. Give reasons for your choice.
• Indicate special items (swimming pool, tennis court, greenhouse, fireplaces etc).
.WRITING
a) Write the address for this informal letter of invitation in the right order (Brighton, 62, England,
London Road).
Dear Nelly,
At last! I finally found a flat and moved in last week. It took me a month to find one that I liked
and could afford. The one I found is kind of dark, but it's comfortable. The kitchen and bathroom
are small, but the other rooms are big and I like the neighbourhood. There s good public transport
and there are a lot of stores and restaurants nearby. I think I'm going to like it here.
I'm having a housewarming party on Saturday. It should be fun. Would you like to come? I'm
missing you so much. I want to show you my new place. I've invited my new neighbour Joanne
with her boyfriend and some colleagues. I'm eager to introduce you to them. They're fine, sincere
and they've been very helpful. I'm sure you'll get on well!
Well, I guess that's all for now. I still have a thousand things to do for the party.
Love,
Pat
b) Capitalise and punctuate the note of c) Complete the note of refusal using the
invitation. sentences in the box below.
Thank you for thinking of us. Thank you for your invitation.
I hope we can get together sometime soon.
_ -ou have just got a note of invitation from your friend. Unfortunately, you spilled some coffee over it.
ewrite this note and also write a note of refusal to your friend saying why you can't accept hislher invitation.
Dear ,
There's a . Thank you very much for your invitation. I'd love
hink it'll be . to , but .
. 1/ It's .
ould you like to ? I hope we can get together soon. Infact, let's .
_':begins at Why don't you .
_ ?
m's relatives from Canada are planning to spend their summer at the Baltic Sea and they asked him
find out about the houses let on hire there. Tom has written a letter to his uncle George Harrison.
,e sentences in the letter are unsuitable because they are too formal. Decide which sentences should
changed, cross them out and write the correct equivalents in the order they appear.
Spalviskio k.
Kirdonil{ pst.
LT - 5270 Birzl{ r.
Lithuania
With reference to your letter, which I got the other day. It was great to hear from you again. I am
.:riting to inform you about the places you could stay in Palanga.
One of the houses, which might suit you, is in a quiet neighbourhood but it will take you 20 minutes
o go to the beach. The house has got a lovely garden and a garage. The front door opens into a spacious·
hall. On the first floor there's a well-equipped kitchen and a small bathroom. The living room with a TV
set and a hi-fi system is next to the kitchen. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and a bathroom. It costs I
:',ousand Litas a month, the owners want to get a monthly rent beforehand.
The other house is nearly the same size, it has got three bedrooms as well, it's next to the main street
and quite close to the sea. It costs one thousand and two hundred Litas per month, which is rather
rpensive, but your mother has some problems with her feet so she will prefer that one, I think?
If the information is of some help to you, do not hesitate to contact soon. I will pay the deposit then.
J look forward to seeing you.
Lots of love,
Tomas
1 Dear Uncle George,
2 . 4 .
3 . 5 .
5 You have just finished your studies and are leaving your home town. You have spent two weeks
searching for a flat/ house to live in. Write a letter of 100-130 words to your penfriend abroad describing
the new place. Be sure to:
WORD BANK
afford /;;/b:d/leisti sau insure (against) 1m 'Ju;:J1ap(si)drausti
appeal/a'pi:ll patrauklumas interchangeably Imt;:J'tfemd3;:Jblilpakaitomis
barn Ibo:nl kletis, svimas issue I'rJu:, 'rsju:1 klausimas, problema
bang IbreI]1 trankytis labour-saving I'lerb;:J,servrI]/lengvinantis darb£l
beam Ibi:m! sija like-minded l,lark'mamdrdl vienmintis
beforehand Ibr'b:hrendl is anksto locally !'I;:Juklil vietiniu mastu, vietoje
benefit I'bemfrt/ privilegija; nauda long haul/,loI] 'h:):l1 ilga, sunki veikla
caravan I'krer;:J,vrenl poilsine ant ratl.! match ImretJ I tikti, dereti prie
charm Itfo:m! zavesys meaningful I' mi :mI]fll prasmingas
clapboard I' klrep, b:):d/lenta (sienl-{ apkalai) peculiar Ipr'kju:Ir;:J1 ypatingas
concern Ibn's3:nl tureti rysi, sietis; rupintis plumbing I'plAmrI]1 vandentiekio varnzdynas
constant nuolatinis, nesiliaujantis print Ipnntl graviura
contract I'kontrrekt/ sutartis produce/pr;:J'dju:sl gaminti
conversion Ibn'v3:Jnl pa(si)keitimas provide Ipr;:J'vardl parupinti, aprupinti
cope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyti raise Irerzl auginti
craft Ikra:ftl amatas realize I'n;:J,Iarzl suprasti
creative Ikri 'ertrvl kurybiskas refusal/n'ju:zll atsisakymas
distractldr'strrektl atitraukti, isblaskyti (demesi ir pan.) relate In'lertl pritapti prie, bendrauti; bUti susijusiam
domestic Id;:J'mestrkl naminis, naml.!; seimyninis reminiscent l,remr'ms;:Jntl primenantis
doorframe I'd:): ,frerm! dufl.!stakta roam Ir;:Jum! bastytis, klajoti
doubt Idautl abejone settle in I'setll apsiprasti
draughty I' dra:ftil skersvejuotas sight Isartl reginys
drawback I' dr:):, brekl trftkumas site Isartl statybviete
eager l'i:g;:J1 trokstantis snaps Isnrepsl nuotraukos
equipment lr'kwrpm;:Jnt/ iranga solar panel/,s;:Jul;:J'prenll saules akumuliatorius
equivalent lr'kwrv;:Jl;:Jntlatitikmuo start from the scratch Iskrretfl pradeti nuo pradzios
essentially lr'senJlil is esmes storage l'st:):nd31 saugojimas
eternallr't3:nll affiZinas storehouse I'st:):,hausl sandel is
event !I'ventl ivykis stumble I'stAmbll klupineti
eventuallr'ventJu;:JlI galutinis suit Isu:tl tikti
fable I'ferbll pasakeCia, pasaka suppose IS;:J'p;:Juz!manyti, daryti prielaid£l
fabulous I'frebjul;:Jsl pasakl.!, pasakiskas surveyor IS;:J'ver;:J1matininkas, geodezininkas
f1orall'fhr;:JlI gelil.! suspect I' sAspektl nepatikimas
frame Ifrerrnl karkasas, remas tap Itrepl ciaupas
fortune I'htJ;:Jnl kriiva pinigl.! timber I'trmb;:J1 mediena
generation l,d3en;:J'rerJnl karta unfortunately IAn'htf(;:J)n;:JtIil deja
grind toa haltl'gramd t;:J;:J'h:):ltl (su)gesti unpack IAn'prekl is(si)pakuoti
guilt Igrltl kalte upscale IAp'skerl/lygis aukstesnis nei vidutinis
hairbrush I'he;:J,brAJI plaukl.! sepetys wallpaper l'w:):I,perp;:J1 tapetai
hairdresser l'he;:J,dres;:J1kirpejas watercolour I'w:):t;:J,kAbl akvarele
hair-drier l'he;:J,drar;:J1plaukl.! dziovintuvas whim Iwrrnl inoris
handle I'hrendll rankena windowpane l'wmd;:Ju,pem/lango stiklas (rem e)
hire I'har;:J1 issinuomoti windowshopping zvalgymasis po vitrinas
housecoat I'haus,butl chalatas windowsill palange
incredible Im'kred;:Jbll neitiketinas worse IW3:sl blogesnis
insulation l,msju'lerJnl izoliacija
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
types of houses
building pastatas: a five-storey(ed) building; brick house mUrinis namas; wooden house medinis namas; hut trobele;
cottage namelis, troba uzmiestyje ar kaime; farmhouse ukininko troba; detached house atskiras, individualus namas;
semi-detached house namas turintis bendr'l sien'l su kitu namu; terraced house terasinis namas; villa; bungalow I
'bAl)g;J,l;Julvienaaukstis namas; skyscraper l'skaI,skrelp;J1dangoraizis; block of flats daugiabutis namas; rented accommodation
nuomuojamas bustas
parts of a building
flat! apartment (Am. E.); two I three room flat
bathroom; bedroom; bedsit! bedsitter vieno kambario butas; drawing-room I sitting room svetaine; dining-room valgomasis;
living-room bendrasis kambarys; lounge Ilaund;yl poilsio kambarys, vestibiulis; nursery l'n3:s(;l)ril vaiktt. kambarys; hall
prieSkambaris; kitchen virtuve; study darbo kambarys, kabinetas; guest! spare room svecitt. kambarys; lavatory I toilet!
we; basement pamatai, pusrusis; cellar I'sel;ll rusys; porch Ip:;:tfl veranda; pantry I larder I'la:d;ll sandeliukas; terrace
I'ter;ls/; attic mansarda, palepe; roof; lift; balcony; staircase I stairs laiptai; downstairs I upstairs; landing laipttt. aikstele
studio l'stu:dI;lUI dirbtuves; vieno kambario butas; garage l'grera:3; 'grend;yl
ceiling f'si:liIJI lubos; high I low ceiling; parquet I'pa:kerl parketas; floor grindys; polished floor, painted floor The
floor in my room is painted brown. floor aukstas She lives on the ground I top }loor.
furniture
armchair; bench suoliukas; bookcase; drawer Idf'J:I stalCius; chest of drawers komoda; cupboard indauja, spintele,
:pinta; desk; dressing table tualetinis staliukas; flower stand stovas gelems; hall stand rubtt. kabykla prieskambaryje;
stool taburete; bed table; towel-rack kabykla ranksluosciams; wardrobe f'w::J:dr:mbl rubtt. spinta; wall unit sekcija;
double bed dvigule lova, sofa bed miegamoji sofa; bunk bed dviaukste lova; couch Ikautfl kusete; mat I rug kilimelis;
rubbish bin siuksliadeze; blind I curtain 1'k3:tnl uzuolaida; draw the blinds uztraukti uzuolaidas; pull the curtains
ide atitraukti uzuolaidas; curtain and carpet (pa)kabinti uzuolaidas ir iskloti kilimais The windows were curtained
and the floor was carpeted. venetian blinds IV;l,ni:Sn'blamdzl zaliuzes The windows were shrouded in venetian blinds.
amenities
enities l;l' mi:n;ltizl, convenience~ Ibn' vi:ni;lnslzIpa togumai
=0 ; gas meter; turn on I off the gas; electricity lr,lek'tns;Jti/; electric meter I fan elektros skaitliukas I ventiliatorius;
. eating sildymas; central heatIng; heating is on I off; heat with electricity I gas; water-line vandentiekis; hot and
ld running water; have I take a bath or a shower; (electric) light; switch on I off the light; vacuum cleaner I
"Ckju;lm,kli:n;ll dulkitt. siurblys; fridge (infml) I refrigerator In'fnd3;l,relt;l1 saldytuvas; freezer saldiklis; electric cooker
~.=ktrine virykle; gas stove dujine virykle; oven IAvn/ orkaite; microwave oven; television; remote control In'm;lut
'tr;JuI!distancinis valdymas; radio; dishwasher; washing machine; ironing board l'aI;lI1IIJ,b:;:dllyginimo lenta; laundry
~ bykla, skalbiniai; do the laundry skalbti; (tele)phone /'telI,f;Jun/; speak on lover the telephone; telephone call
- using
using gyvenamieji namai; gyvenimo s'llygos; maintain Imem'teml islaikyti, priziureti; maintenance l'memt;Jn;Jnslpridiura
"¥ertise I'redv;l,talzl for a flat I house If you had advertised for a flat, you would have had more offers and a better choice.
- infml.) I advertisement l;ld'V3:tIsm;lntlreklaminis skelbimas; estate agent !r'stelt,e1d3(;l)ntl nekilnojamo turto agentas
a flat I house isnuomuoti but'l I namq; rent a flat I house issinuomuoti but'll namq; tenant nuomininkas; landlord I landlady
omojamo namo I buto savininkas(e); move out issikelti; move to persikelti I was told that they had moved to another
-e. move house Moving houses can be very stressful.
.decorate a house I flat remontuoti (isdaiyti arba istapetuoti) nam'll but'l; renovate atnaujinti, restauruoti; repair a house
remontuoti We must have the house repaired and redecorated. house I flat needs repairing Anybody can see that this
• 'WlIseneeds repairing badly. convert Ibn 'V3:t/pertvarkyti, rekonstruoti
warming ikurtuves; have a housewarming party sVt(stiikurtuves
n sale I for sale parduodama This house is on sale. retaining fee isankstinis mokestis; pay the fee; down payment
-- .s inasas; sign a lease Ili:sl pasirasyti nuomos sutarti; put down I pay the deposit sumoketi uzstatq; pay the rent
;, . uz nuom'l How much is the rent? - The flat is 32 pounds per week. be included in the rent buti itrauktam i
~ s mokesti Water is included in the rent. the rent I price is quite reasonable nuomos mokestis I kaina yra visiskai
_~a; raise the rent pakelti nuomos mokesti
!iDe view from the window; window faces I fronts I looks out on I overlooks The windows of the villa faced the forest.
~on and premises
- of houses gyvenaml/.itt. namtt. kvartalas; premise l'premIsI patalpa, pastatas su zemes sklypu; be situated / located;
urb I'SAb3:bl priemiestis; outskirts priemiestis, pakrastys; farmland; farm; residential neighbourhood I
cen.f1'nelb;l,hud!gyvenamasis rajonas; industrial I agricultural area l,regn'kAltf(;l)r;l1'e;lri;ll pramoninis I zemes ilio rajonas,
'side kaimo vietove; surroundings IS;l'raundIl)zIapylinkes; fields; valley s\enis; canal/b'nrel/; seaside pajuris;
coast pakrank; beach papludimys; pond tvenkinys; flower-bed geli4. lysve; fountain I'fauntm/; hothouse I greenhouse
siltnamis; kitchen garden darias; lawn Ib:n/ veja; orchard 1':J:!f;Jd!
vaisi4. sodas; shed darzine; cowshed karvide; stable
arklide; yard kiemas; gate vartai; hedge Ihed:y gyvatvore; fence tvora
facilities: j'f;J'srJ;Jtiz/ visuomenines paskirties irenginiai I pastatai
sports facilities: swimming pool, sports I fitness centre, golf course, tennis courts, playing field zaidimo aikStele, stadium etc
cultural I'kf.l!f(;J)r;J1!facilities: theatre, opera house, concert hall, radio station, art gallery etc
educational l,edju:'keISn(;J)lI facilities: school, college, university Iju:m'V3:S;Jti/, library, museum etc
catering I'kelt;Jfll)1facilities vieso maitinimo istaigos
catering and night-life facilities: restaurant, cafe, nightclub, dance-hall, disco
transport facilities: bus service, taxi, car rental agency, car park etc
other facilities: health centre, law court, job centre, shopping centre, hotel Ih;Ju'teIJ,hostel I'hostl! bendrabutis, chemist('s),
police station policijos nuovada, Town Hall rotuse, miesto savivaldybe; municipality municipalitetas, savivaldybe; commu-
nity centre miesto sale, bendruomenes centras
adjectives used to describe premises
airy l'e;Jril erdvus; ancient l'emJ(;J)ntl senas, senovinis; cheap pigus; chilly vesus; colourful spalvingas; comfortable
I'kAmft;Jbl! patogus, jaukus; common I'kom;Jnl daznai pasitaikantis, iprastas; convenient Ibn'vi:m;mtl patogus, tinkamas;
converted Ilc:m'v3:trdl perdirbtas, pakeistas; cosy jaukus, patogus; crowded I'kraudldl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamas; eco
/i:k;Ju/,ecologically-friendly l,i:b'lod3Ikli'frendli I ekologiskai nekenksmingas; expensive brangus; damp dregnas; deserted
IdI'Z3:tld/ istustejl(s; filthy l'frJei/ purvinas, bjaurus; flowery geletas; gorgeous I'g:J:d3;JsIpuikus, prasmatnus; historic
istorinis; lively gyvybingas, linksmas; magnificent Im<eg'mfIsntl didingas, nuostabus; pale blyskus, blankus; peacful
ramus; picturesque l,plk!f;J'reskl vaizdingas, grazus; plain Iplem I paprastas, kuklus; run-down suirl(s, sunykl(s; scattered
I'sk<et;Jd!issibarstl(s, pabiras; shabby /'J<ebil apleistas, vargingas; spacious I'SpeIS;JsI erdvus; stunning nuostabus, pritrenkiantis;
tasteful skoningas; tidy I'taldil tvarkingas; up-to-date naujausias, modernus; valuable I'v<eljugbl/ vertingas
1 chinmey
2 chillmey-pot
3 eaves
I linlel 4 gable
2 lamppost 5 garage
3 knocker 6 drive
4 doorbell 13 7 border
5 door 8 hose
6 doorstep 9 sprinkler
7 drainpipe 12 10 lawn
8 drain 11 rackeTy
9 letter-bolt 12 trellis
10 sash-window 13 hedge
11 window-sill 10 14 picture window
12 brick 15 climber
13 slate 16 gutter
14 window-pane 17 dOlmer window
9
Row of terraced houses/Terrace
1 cowl
2 aerial 1 skylight
3 conservatory 2 roof
4 French window 3 pane
5 parasol 4 wall
6 clothes-line 5 porch
7 crazy paving 6 hanging basket
8 deck-chair 7 path
9 vegetable garden 8 fence
10 garden shed 9 bay window
11 back door 10 garden gate
12 tiles 11 casement window
1 Mrs Brown is a busy housewife. Which of the following household chores might she do:
a) in the morning? b) at midday? c) in the afternoon? d) in the evening?
How long do you think it takes her to do different chores?
1 You should think about choosing a business / career / living before you leave school.
2 If you're a(n) employee / employer / manager, you have to do what your boss tells you.
3 Mrs Black was lifted / promoted / raised after she had worked for two years in the company.
4 Usually companies look for workers with the right personality / qualifications / experiences.
S If you are paid monthly rather than weekly, you get wages / a salary / a reward.
6 What do you plan to do for / on / in a living?
7 Send in a CV when applying in / for / at a job.
8 As you will see from my biography / CV / letter, I have experience of this kind of work.
9 We have vacancies / free places / work for activity organisers to work with children at our camp.
o Terry was often late for work and in the end he was thrown out / sacked / turned out.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
You must use between two to five words, including the word given.
2 Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence best.
If you have left school and haven't got ajob, don't despair. Job (1 advertise) can be found in
local papers under 'Situations Vacant' or go to your local (2 employ) office. If they haven't
got a (3 suit) job for you, at least good (4 advise) will be given there. Also,
remember to read (5 notice) Job (6 vacant) are displayed on notice
boards outside firms and factories. Local jobs are posted on cards in shopwindows and at post offices. If you
have got necessary (7qualify) for the job that interests you, make an (8 appoint)
................................... for an interview. Sometimes an interview is arranged by telephone, but often a written
(9 apply) is required. Sometimes the (10 apply) is tested at the interview.
Don't be nervous, do your best.
3 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a complete
letter. The first sentence has been done for you.
Dear Sir,
1 I/ write / apply / position / clerk-typist / advertise / 'The Daily Post' / 2yh November .
.J. am .w.rit.ing.t9. .«pplx hr. tnf. [l{N4(Qn. 9j9Mrk-.tYp,i$t ..q$..qdy.£:.rJi$f.rJ..(lJ.. Th.€i.f)q4y. PQ$.( .'.Qn.2J.(l:z. N9.Y.€imQ.€ir.
2 I / be / seventeen-year-old student / final year / Woodland High School.
3 During / last two years I / study / English, Maths, Social Studies, Shorthand, Typing and Commerce.
4 My shorthand / typing skills / be / good / I / be capable / use / personal computer.
5 As you / see / my curriculum vitae / I / work / Jones' Cut Price Store / checkout operator / Saturday mornings
/ school holidays last year.
6 I / be / always punctual/reliable / so / employers / be / satisfy / my work.
7 I believe I / be suitable / position / office.
8 I hope / application (take / consideration.
9 If you feel/qualifications meet / requirements, I / be available / interview / convenience.
10 I look forward / hear / you.
Yours faithfully,
<;JJaVUoia; CWd.w.n"
Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be there. Tick
each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and write it next
to the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.
-/
Work is a very important part of life. It provides people with money. o .
It also gives for them a daily routine and a place to be with other people. o fr.!.': .
Losing a job is very stressful. It can be as much stressful as a divorce or 1 .
the death of a close relative. People who are unemployed and often feel 2 .
angry, depressed, helpless and worthless. Some people develop problems 3 .
with their marriages and children, others will get sick or develop problems 4 .
with alcohol. The unemployed usually apply for unemployment insurance. 5 .
Others to use their savings or ask family or friends for money. Unemployment 6 .
always hurts but you must remember that there are things you can to do and there 7 .
are choices you can make. 8 .
This summer millions of pupils will soon be breaking up 14 I This way, you are less likely to be faced with
from school for the last time and heading off to pastures a question you don't know how to answer, but be careful
new. Whatever the next step is (whether it is college, not to over-prepare. Your answer might sound 'learned' or
university or a full-time job) the chances are that it will lacking in conviction.
involve an interview of some kind.
15 I
This shows that it's not only the job type that
11 (; I Your school can often help you prepare by you're interested in - you want to work lor this particular
giving you a mock interview. This is a useful process, but company. It will also help you ask relevant questions.
can be more beneficial and realistic if you don't know the
person interviewing you.
I 6 ..1
This needn't necessarily be a suit but you
should look neat and tidy. It's important to wear something
Talk to older friends or family members about their interview
that you feel comfortable in, so tryon clothes before the
experiences. Write down any difficult questions they were
day of the interview.
asked and think about how you would answer them.
12 IOn the day of the interview, remember to take
17 1 Interviews can be a pretty nerve-wracking
experience, but try not to feel frightened. If you find a
the following things with you:
question difficult, allow yourself a few seconds to think
- the address of the place where your interview is and a
about what you're going to say. And don't let it ruin the rest
map. Make sure you know how to get there.
of your interview if you think you have said the wrong thing.
- a copy of your CV or application form. It will be
An experienced interviewer will be used to dealing with
embarrassing if you can't remember the information you've
people's nerves.
given about yourself. It's also good to have a copy to hand
if you have to clarify any points you've made. Is IDon't go into an interview with over-ambitious
- a list of questions to ask. There are going to be things you or inflexible ideas about what you want from the job.
want to know, so get them down on paper. It's easy to forget While it's good to show that you are in no position to make
them when the pressure's on. demands. Never appear too eager to talk about money or
- a mobile phone so that you can phone up if you are delayed, other added advantages. Employers will question your
or find yourself hopelessly lost. motives for applying for the job.
Aim to be at the place of your interview about 15 minutes
before it takes place. You can use this time to refresh yourself
19 ILying is a risky business. Most people aren't
as good at lying as they think they are and an interviewer
with your questions or just relax and take a few deep breaths.
can often tell when a response isn't honest. On the other
And, of course remember to answer any calls of nature (it
hand, if you are a successful liar, you will have to keep up
could be some time before you get the chance again.)
any response pretences you have made for a long time.
13 IEven if you feel like a bag of nerves, there are
110 1 It's easier said than done, but don't lose heart
things you can do to give the impression of confidence;
if you are unsuccessful. It's worthwhile finding out why
speak clearly and calmly. It's easy to talk too quickly when
you have been rejected. Consider phoning or writing to the
you're nervous - so relax and slow down. Sit in a comfortable
company and asking for some feedback. This will give you
position so you don't feel the need to fidget.
something to work on for your next interview.
4 Read the dialogues. The following sentences have been removed from them. Decide where each of
them should be fitted in. Make similar dialogues of your own.
A And may I ask about the salary? C Can you tell me about the work schedule?
B And where do you come from? D Have you got any hobbies or special interests?
You: 1 .
Personnel Officer: Yes. Hours are from nine to five-thirty, with a lunch break at one. Sometimes we'll ask
you to work overtime or at weekends.
You: I see. 2•..•..•...•..•..•.•..•••....•.......•
PO: Yes. The salary is five dollars an hour. Have you got any more questions?
You: No, I don't think so.
PO: Before we finish, tell me a little more about yourself.
You: All right. Let me see ... I'm married. My husband is a security guard at the factory. We have two children,
a son and a daughter.
PO: 3 .
A Have you had any previous experience? C Now, do you know this area at all?
B And have you got a driving licence? D When would you be able to start?
Ann: Well, I've managed to get quite a bit of experience by taking jobs and I always liked working with
children.
I see Well, I can't make any promises, but you do sound just the sort of person we're looking
for. 4 .
6 Tell about Tina's life joining the given sentences in the columns. Use the conjunctions and, so, but where
necessary.
Plans Reality
1 Go to university. 1 Failed exams. Left school at seventeen.
2 Find a job in Berlin. 2 No jobs. Decided to go to England to study English.
3 Study English in London. 3 Didn't like London. Went to Oxford instead.
4 Stay with an English family. 4 Changed her mind. Stayed in a student hostel.
5 Study English for a year. 5 Didn't have enough money. Finished after ten months.
6 Work in England after finishing school. 6 Couldn't find ajob. Came back to Berlin.
7 Not going to work in her parents' shop. 7 Needed money. She did.
• if it is better to study after school, to combine work and studies or to take a gap year
• if s/he had to choose, what s/he would prefer: keeping her / his career or staying at home. Why?
• what her / his future career plans are
• if slhe would like to have a temporary or a permanent job
• if s/he prefers working with others or by herself / himself
• what aspects of her / his future job he/she would find most rewarding (good salary, meeting people,
helping others, chances to travel etc)
WRITING
1 Simon is a student at college and is looking for some part-time job. Read his letter of application. Put the
paragraphs of the letter in the right order writing the numbers 1-5 in the boxes. The first has been done
for you.
16 Lloyd Street
Glenville 4223
28 November, 2003
The Personnel Manager
Po. Box 112
Richmond 5200
rite the formal letter in Ex. 1 in the right order. Read the following statements and tick (/) the
which' apply to the given letter.
The writer:
uses formal language without short forms and abbreviations
knows the person he is writing to and doesn't use a formal greeting
follows the layout of formal letters
writes his address on the right with no name in it
doesn't write the address of the person / company he is writing to
states why he is writing in the opening paragraph
writes in blocked paragraphs leaving a blank line between the paragraphs
uses linking words to make his writing flow better
includes the information that is relevant to the job he is applying for
signs off on the right-hand side of the page
3 How does Simon organise his CV? Read the CV and put the following items in the correct order. The first
has been done for you.
4 You have seen the following advertisement and have decided to apply for the job. Write your letter of
application (120-150 words) and your CV. You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.
at work
apply for a job I the post I the position; a letter of application I an application form pareiskimas, prasymas You have
to fill in an application form first. break pertrauka We have an hour's break for lunch at our factory. canteen Ikren'ti:n1
valgykla (istaigoje); commute Ib'mju:tl reguliariai vaiineti (i darbq ir pan.) cooperate I collaborate with sb
bendradarbiauti; cope susidoroti, susitvarkyti He's taken more work than he can cope with. days off I free days iseigines
dienos; deadline paskutinis terminas Friday is the deadline for presenting your projects. employer darbdavys Daniel's
employers offered to pay for the course. employee darbuotojas Their employees worked a ten-hour day. engagement
idarbinimas, uisiemimas; hectic: very busy I've had a very hectic day at the office. get the sack (infml) I be fired I be
dismissed biiti atleistam is darbo; on business su reikalais She is away on business at the moment. open I vacant
position I vacancy laisva vieta The position has been vacant for several months. They've got a vacancy at the Sales
Department. teamwork; work permit You can't work here without a work permit. working life [lived abroad for most
of my working life.
the work schedule /'Sedju:l ,'skedju:l/ darbo valandos; short I long I steady I unsteady working hours; start work;
stop I finish work; work by the day dirbti padieniui; shift IJrft/ pamaina; work shifts dirbti pamainomis; day shift I
night shift My father works the day shift.
work as She is working as a nurse. work for She works for an oil company. work on I at sth Scientists have been
working on this problem for years.
unemployment nedarbas Last year unemployment rose to its highest level. unemployment benefit I insurance
1m' Ju;)r:ms/ bedarbio pasalpa She's been on unemployment benefit for the last few years. Employment Agency idarbinimo
agentiira; social security socia line apsauga
work
challenging, complicated, dangerous, dull, hard, important, light, manual rankJ.!, fizinis; mental protinis;
monotonous, permanent, physical, professional, (un)qualified, rewarding, seasonal, (un)skilled, steady,
temporary, voluntary I'vol;)nt;)ri/ savanoriskas
worker
careful, (in)competent, conscientious l,konJi'enJ;)sl s'l.iiningas, stropus; dedicated, freelance neetatinis, laisvai samdomas;
hardworking, lazy, low-paid, the private sector, slow, thorough 1'8Ar;)/ kruopstus; workaholic; a blue-collar worker
darbininkas; a white-collar worker tarnautojas
to work . alone, efficiently efektyviai, nasiai; independently; round the clock istis'l. par'l.; smoothly sekmingai, sklandiiai
income
income pajamos You have a good income. increase Im'kri:s/ augti, (pa)diddi, (pa)didinti; living pragyvenimas Do you
know what she does for a living? earn uidirbti He earns a living by carpenting. earnings uidarbis; tax(es) valstybinis
mokestis We do not propose to increase income tax. reward atlyginimas, atpildas; pension; grant I scholarship stipendija;
tip arbatpinigiai; pocket money kisenpinigiai; allowance /;)'lau;)nsl pasalpa He was given an allowance of 50 Lt.
salary is a fixed amount of money that people earn each month or year from their job. Teachers' salaries in London
are quite high.
wage(s) is an amount of money that people earn for working usually according to how many hours or days they work each
week or month. She earns a good wage at the factory.
pay is the money that someone receives as his salary or wages. She lost her 3 weeks' pay. How much pay do you get?
prospects
prospects perspektyvos, ateities planai There will be good prospects for me if [ accept this job. ambition /;)m'brJnI
siekis, troskimas Her ambition was to be a lawyer. experience /rk'spr;)ri;)nsl patyrimas Do you have any previous
experience of this job? qualify as igyti kvalifikacij'l., teis« dirbti I hope to qualify as a doctor. His training qualifies him
as a teacher of English. qualifications; promotion paaukstinimas He has got / gained a promotion.
curriculum vitae (CV) Ibr'rkjul;)m'vi:tar/ duomenys apie moksl'l. ir darbin« veikl'l.
!lse.
'ng?
nap
5 easy
Ollr
• the activities you have done • the activities you would like to take up in the future
• the activities you are engaged in • the activities you would never take up
have
_ i:n1 doing crossword puzzles, playing draughts / chess, video-making, dressmaking, knitting, gardening, fishing,
orb sb camping, swimming, cycling, skateboarding, doing extreme sports (mountaineering, skydiving, hang-gliding
:,:o·nes etc), embroidery, playing sports games (football, basketball etc),jogging, photography, reading books, listening
.;miel's to music, collecting (antiques, coins, stamps, posters etc) .
, ment
/ be
cant
Sales
. .,.most 2 Divide the words below into following groups: books, music, cinema, drama theatre. Some words may
suit more than one group.
work; chapter, screen, stage, orchestra, best-seller, scene, playwright, conductor, stalls, director, author, star, composer,
shift /
cameraman, novelist, box-office, paperback, audience, musical, curtain, science fiction, poem, cinema-goer,
documentary, actress, cloakroom, edition, disc jockey, plot, scenery, first-night, matinee, role
3 Decide which category (books, films) the phrases could refer to. Which words and phrases could refer to
ance both?
inimo
a high quality production well-written badly directed long and boring
a waste of time and money action-packed easy to read hair-raising stunts
~otinis; unpredictable ending worth reading special effects a box-office hit
steady, breathtaking scenes informative slow in development full of suspense
funny and amusing parts blockbuster appeals to all ages highly entertaining
vivid descriptions of characters gnppmg realistic dialogues the story is set
omas; true-to-life exciting powerful enjoyable
worker
, Do you
~tybinis Parts of the film were shot in the studio in Hollywood, but most were made in the streets
ndija; of New York, which makes it at times like a documentary.
J. 2 When I want to relax, I listen to classical music or go to watch in the Art Gallery.
3 Television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of sports events but, to my mind, stay-at-home sports fans
should try to fit and take part in various outdoor activities themselves.
4 In 2004 Greece was the country for the Olympic Games.
5 Students of philology have to read a lot of , consult plenty of dictionaries and books.
6 We had some coffee during the between the acts and discussed the performance.
Who is the most popular in your country and what sort of music do they play?
My brother often borrows books from our public library because he is a great reader of .
fiction, adventure and detective stories.
9 The plot of the novel is sometimes too complicated to follow but still it's a very book.
10 The enjoyed the play so much that they applauded for ten minutes.
5 Choose the word that fits each gap best.
Sport and TV
I think you will agree that there are three kinds of people who are 1..............•.. in sport: people who 2 ...........•• _.
part in various sport activities, people who only watch sports, and people who watch sport 3 tele\·i.·
It's very easy to make fun of stay-at-home sports 4 ••••••••••••••••• , but on the other hand, television does ena >~
to enjoy all kinds of sports events. We can watch a racing car 5 .•••.•.••.••..•.• another, see a cyclist 6 ...............•• -
finishing line, or 7 ••••••••••••••••• the goals of our favourite football team. The first time I watched a tennis 8 ..•.....••• _
was on television, and I found it unexpectedly interesting. It's not always easy to 9 long distan ?S
football 10 •••••.••..••.•.•. , and television is a good solution. Of course, you can 11••.••.••••.•••••• used to sitting'
all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to keep fit, and have other interests and 12 .............••••••
USE of ENGLISH
2 Read the text carefully. Each line has a word missing. Use the words from the box to complete th
You can use the same word only once. Put a stroke (I) in the place where a word is missing. the
missing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as an example.
I like cinema very much. I try to see all the best films that Ion at the cinema. o -_
I know the names of many actors, directors and cameramen. I no art is so I --.--
accessible as cinema. Not long I saw an American film that once was called
'the greatest motion picture all times'. That film is based on the novel 'Gone 3 _
with the Wind' by Margaret Mitchell. It is a beautiful young woman, Scarlet 4 __
O'Hara and 12 years of her life just before, and after the American Civil War. 5 __
Rhett Butler, a handsome dark hero is in love Scarlet, but she doesn't love 6 .
him. She is in love with someone. A Hollywood film producer, David O. Selznick
invited a young British actress, Vivien Leigh to the part of Scarlet. A famous film star 8 __
of the time, Clark Gable, played the part of Rhett Butler. With great attention the detail 9 .
of the nineteenth century setting director and the cameraman did their best to reveal 10 __
the romantic story. I enjoyed the film even more I had read the novel before. 11 "' _
Someone has counted about one thousand personal interests 1 ways to spend one's free time.
Collecting coins, stamps and postcards 2 one of the most popular hobbies. Lots 3 ..........•..•........
people are interested 4 ••..............•...•.• music, art, cinema and theatre. Some people like taking photos
5 camcordering. Millions of people 6 fond of music and sport.
I don't have 7 time for leisure during 8 week. Apart from aerobics 9 .
Tuesday night and jogging in the morning most 10•.......•.....•.••.••.•.. my time is spent at school. 11•...•.•.•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.
the weekend I like 12.............•.•....•..... visit friends or go to the disco. 13.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•••.•.• favourite pastime is
14•.•.•.••••..•.••.•.•.•.•.•.. do crosswords and to create 15 •.•..•..•..••.•.••.•••.•.•.•.• myself.
You: What I ?
Friend: Books that are easy to read and exciting.
You: Who 2 •...••...........•...••.••...•.••..•........................................•..•••.•••......•••..•••... ?
Friend: Oh, John Le Carre, Len Deighton - writers like that.
You: Do 3 ?
Friend: No, not only spy stories. I do read other kinds of books too.
You: And what 4 ...............................•.....••.•.....•..••.••...•.•...•........•...................... ?
Friend: At the moment? Well, I'm on the very last chapter of a book by J. G. Ballard.
You: What 5 .•••...•..•.....•.•.•..•..•...••..•••..•...........................•....•.•.•••..••..•.••.•..••.•••.•. ?
Friend: 'Empire of the Sun'.
You: What 6 ...••.......•.....•......•..........................•..•..••.•.............•.•.•.••...•.•.••.•.•.••... ?
Friend: It's about a boy who is separated from his parents during the war.
[j Leonardo DiCaprio
The box office factor: Well ... put it this way; The Beach The 'nice' factor: Considered a 'party animal' , he travels
has a budget of $ 45 million and Leo is being paid $25 million everywhere with ten friends who he hangs out with
of it. Teenage bedroom walls are covered with him and there constantly. By all accounts, he is also very generous.
are 393,421 listings of his name on the Internet. Any film he Accusations that the filming of The Beach was destroying
is in is bound* to be a success. On the other hand, due to the environment upset Leo so much that he held a press
Leo mania, many people have gone off* him a bit and some conference about it.
might even see him as a bit naff* now.
Body: When teenage magazine Bliss held a readers' poll to most people's minds because of the characters she
for 'world's sexiest boy' Leo got over 70% of the vote. plays. In fact, the makers of Sleepy Hollow (a film she's
However, some scenes with him in his swimming trunks were making with Johnny Depp) checked she didn't really have
cut from The Beach because he was looking a bit 'chunky'. a dark personality before they agreed to use her. She
Talent rating: The role that most showed his talent was jokingly says, 'I'll be bitter and twisted when I'm 40
as Arnie the 'mentally challenged' hyperactive younger because I'm kind of leaning that way already'.
brother of grocery clerk Gilbert Grape in Whats Eating Body: She is quite open about the fact that when she was
Gilbert Grape ? His performance earned him an Oscar 15, she had anorexia but in her own words, 'I've accepted
nomination for the best supporting actor. that I'm never going to be totally skinny and I've got over
'Cool' factor: He doesn't want just to be seen as a teenage it. It's just a shame the way people link beauty and thinness'.
heart-throb* and in the past he has accepted scripts for Talent rating: Though she's never had an acting lesson,
small films just because he liked the story. her acting has won universal praise. It all stems from
Other things: He's very close to his parents. He loves being appearing more angry than she really is and freaking people
a clown on the sets of his movies. However, it was no joke out.
when a boat turned over while he was filming The Beach 'Cool' factor: People admire her honesty and her humour.
and he had to swim for his life. She doesn't kiss up* to anyone.
Other things: She's both self-assured and insecure. 'I want
iii Ewan McGregor to be treated like an adult but at times when I'm filming
The box office factor: The world's his oyster*. Having been away from home I want to say, 'I'm 18, you'd better assign
in Trainspotting, A Life Less Ordinary and numerous other me a parent. Or at least find me a hotel where someone can
films, he's been a major contender* for a while but his come and find my dead body.' Cher is one of her biggest
Phantom Menace success means 'The Force' is now fans and when she was younger she took Christina under
definitely with him. He is also currently directing his own her wing.
small film called Tube Tales.
The 'nice' factor: Last year, he helped raise money for Red ~ Cameron Diaz
Nose Day (a charity day in the UK when people do silly The box office factor: Since her success in Something
things and buy and wear red plastic noses.) He adores About Mary, people have accepted that she is not just a
spending time with his wife and daughter and is a family pretty face.
man through and through. The 'nice' factor: She is nice but that's part of the problem;
Body: Several of his film roles have required nudity which she would like to be gi ven roles where she is less of a nai ve
he's been quite happy to do. child. She managed this with her latest movie, Bad Things
Talent rating: He has had such a huge variety of roles and where she plays a less than sweet bride.
accents. When he rang up the producer of American hospital Body: She used to be a model and several movie magazines
drama ER and asked to be in it, they gave him an hour-long have called her the sexiest woman on earth.
special. Danny Boyle, maker of films like Trainspotting has Talent rating: Although she had never acted, she has shown
chosen him for many of his films, although Boyle decided that she has talent for comedy. Danny Boyle, maker of
to pick Leonardo for The Beach. Trainspotting, The Beach and A Life Less Ordinary says he
'Cool' factor: When he was six, he used to pretend he was was totally impressed with her.
Elvis Presley to entertain his parents' guests. 'Cool' factor: She claims she isn't particularly fazed* by
Other things: If he has to make himself cry for a role, he fame and it doesn't interest her, it's just that she likes acting.
listens to Old Shep - a song about a faithful old dog that She proved herself to be game for a laugh while filming
dies. both My Best Friends Wedding and A Life Less Ordinary
by agreeing to do karaoke in a room full of hostile strangers
iii Christina Ricci when she knew she couldn't sing. Actually she is quite gutsy
The box office factor: Having practically grown up on screen, in general. Firstly, she has racing car driving as a hobby
her recent films such as The Ice Storm, The Opposite Of and secondly, because when she was filming A Life Less
Sex, Packer, 200 Cigarettes and Go (and soon to be filmed Ordinary in LA, all the other actors requested drivers
Ghost World) show she has cornered the market in sarcastic, because they felt safer. Cameron turned down the offer
moody, bitchy* teenagers. and drove herself.
The 'nice' factor: 'Nice' is not the first word that springs Other things: She's a total spendaholic.
GLOSSARY
bound to be: almost certain to be; go off someone: to stop liking someone so much; naCC:(Br infml)
unoriginal, without style; a heart-throb: someone whom everyone finds very attractive; the world is his
oyster: (infml) he can do whatever he wants; contender: someone who competes with other people for a
prize or job; be bitchy: to be mean and horrible to people; kiss up to someone: (infml) to do or say nice
things to make someone like you; faze: (infml esp US) to upset or shock sb, esp so that they cannot continue
doing sth.
Section A Section C
1 is almost certain to be successful . 8 bad-tempered .
2 spends a lot of time with . 9 I have overcome .
3 he loves his parents . 10 helped and protected Christina .
4 had to save himself by swimming .
Section D
Section B 11 people think it's true that .
5 without any doubt . 12 she succeeded in doing this .
6 at the present time . 13 she is courageous and enjoys taking risks
7 to amuse . 14 asked for dri vers .
1 constant - . 7 person - .
2 accuse - . 8 joke - .
3 perform - . 9 skin - .
4 current - . 10 thin - .
5 nude - . 11 secure - .
6 faith - . 12 total- .
- Work in pairs. Answer the following questions and compare your answers with the information given in
the text.
wry 1 Which is easier to get the news from: newspapers or TV?
cers 2 Which is more interesting: to read a biography of a famous person or to watch a television programme about
tsy
her / him?
tlby
3 Which is usually cheaper: a paperback or an evening at the cinema?
Less
4 What books should be in every home?
'ers
affer a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias
b) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poems
c) a mixture of both good non-fiction and your favourite fiction
Why Read ?
Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will
buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the
information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read a novel, when a play on television can tell you the
same story with colour, picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when an
hour-long television programme can tell you everything you want to know?
Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very large numbers. And
books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and
entertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback
paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper r
an evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times.
Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books shoul
every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world.
large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find info
on any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non- fiction books, science tex .
cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction 0 _
shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poem 0= __
shelves and share the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.
• if s/he is fond of reading • who the most famous Lithuanian writers are
• what kind of literature s/he prefers and why • what books by popular contemporary writers s,
• what book s/he read last and what it was about would recommend to read and why
• her / his opinion of films based on books • why s/he likes / dislikes reading books
• if s/he believes that watching TV can replace • who her / his favourite author is. Why?
reading books and why • what English / American writers s/he knows
• if s/he buys books or borrows them from the
public library
lOne cannot visit the ICA on because it is closed. 2 The phone number for information i:
............................ 3 If you want to get invitations to exhibitions previews, you have to pay .
4 A day pass costs 5 With a day pass, you have the right to visit .
6 Children may visit the ICA free of charge on condition that they are an<
............................... 7 The coffee and buffet counter is open from 8 One can have
lunch at the restaurant between 9 In case you are looking for rare copies of magazines 0
newspapers, go to 10 For details about hiring the ICA's premises and facilities one shoulc
contact 11 Visitors can leave their cars at the in .
8 Read the paragraphs. Choose the best hobby for Emily, Brian, Ann and John from the key phrase
given in the box. Compare your and your partner's suggestions.
~
learn to playa musical instrument do voluntary work at a local hospital join a chess club
,
-- - up badminton take up photography go to an evening class in flower arranging
..•
; in a walking club take flying lessons take up 'do-it- yourself' go jogging take up yoga
, /
- ~is a translator and spends most of her day working alone. She has several hobbies - she makes her OWl
lothes and enjoys gardening - but she would like to get out of the house and meet people.
Brian has a very stressful job in an advertising agency. His friends think he is a workaholic and he does no
ave much time for hobbies. However, he would like to find a hobby that is both stimulating and relaxing.
Ann is a teacher, but she has been unemployed for almost a year. She spends most of her day reading but i
now getting very bored. She is also worried about her future.
d) John is a machine operator. His job is tiring and monotonous. He spends most of his spare time watching hi
local football team and listening to jazz, but he would like an active, creative hobby that would give him mor
personal satisfaction.
- - slbe plays a musical instrument and how long s/he has played it
-hat type of music s/he likes to listen to when s/he is with her / his friends; when s/he is relaxing alone
. 'hat bands s/he likes most, who her / his favourite singers and groups are
. -hat type of music is the most popular now among young people
-~ benefit / charity concerts are popular in Lithuania; what well-known bands and singers take part in then
0\ s/he would comment the saying 'Music heals, music harms'.
WRITING
1 Read the review of the book and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the bank given. You
may use the word only once.
Money Talks
'Money Talks' is one of J. A. Horton's most famous novels, and has always been very popular since it was
first 1 in 1957.
The 2 .•...•.••...•.•••••••••••••• takes place in the South of England. The main character is a young doctor, Andy
Brown. The central theme of the book is the young hero's 3 between his ideals and interest
in money. At first, the enthusiastic young man 4 of doctors who are not well qualified and do
not treat their patients 5•...........•..•............. He criticises the fact that they think only about money. But'at some
point of the story Andy's enthusiasm for medicine changes into a(n) 6 ..............•...•...•..•.. to become rich.
'Money Talks' is a well-written book with 7•..••..•••.••••••••••••••••• and vivid character descriptions. Through
Andy's character and his career, the author reveals some 8•.............•...........•• facts about doctors and their
profession. Convincing characters and dramatic events make 'Money Talks' a(n) 9..•.........•......•... novel.
Although the book was written long ago, I found it highly entertaining. It is one of the most unforgettable
books I have ever read and I definitely 10•••.•••..••.••..••.••••••• it to those who enjoy true-to-life stories. You will
find it hard to put the book away.
2 In what part (introduction, main body, conclusion) of your book I film review should you answer these
questions?
1 What is the title of the book / film? 6 Who are the main characters and what details
2 Who is the author / director? about the characters are important?
3 What type of book / film is it? (a novel, 7 What would you like to emphasise? (style of
a historical drama, an adventure story / film etc) writing, acting, music, special effects etc)
4 What is the book / film about? 8 What is your opinion of the book / film?
5 Where / when is the action of the book / film set? 9 What did / didn't you like?
10 Would you recommend it to read / see?
3 Write a review of a book I film you have enjoyed. Descljibe the book I film and say whether you would
recommend it or not. Remember to use the Present Simple tense when describing the plot. Writing
your review follow the given plan. You may find the phrases and sentences in the box helpful.
Dear Vic,
This is just a quick note to 1 you know that I've 2.••••..................... to the concert. Ma
has got a 3•.•.•..•..•.•.•.•.........•. ticket and she asked me to 4•.•.•.....•..•............•.•. her company. I'll
5•.................•.•..... at approximately quarter to eleven. I've 6•.•.•..•.•.•.•..•..•......... your dinner in thefridgt
Andrew 7.......•..••.•.••.•.•.•.••.•. me, will you be so kind as to 8........•••..•.••.••...•....•..• down his new phone numb,
/ hope you've 9..•.•..•....•.•..•.•....•..•.•..... your credit test successfully.
Best wishes,
Amy
Mr David Jay
25 Hill Street
Woodland
Dear Mr Jay,
Although we realise you are very busy, we do hope you can find time to accept the invitati,
As one of our distinguished ex-teachers we would like you to address the parents and stude
with a short speech before handing out the awards.
We are looking forward to seeing you.
mJ We would like to invite you to attend our award ceremony at Greenwill College which
DID being held on 28 June this year. The proceedings will begin at 4.00 and end around 6.00 in
afternoon, after which a dinner will be given at 8 pm for our prominent visitors, teachers (.
college students.
Yours sincerely,
~d{danuY
Clare Adams
You are a leader of your local youth club. Write a letter and invite a Peace Corps volunteer to give
in English to a group of club members on popular youth pastimes in the USA.
Maironio g. 52
LT-2001 Vilnius
Mr Edgar Rowe June 25, 2003
Gedimino g. 100-2
LT-2000 Vilnius
All the members thoroughly enjoyed your talk and your video of the annual youth festival in your
home town was extremely interesting. The members were particularly excited to find out so much in
common in the ways young people spend their leisure time.
Your visit has stimulated the members to make a start on a new project to mount a joint folk dance
festival.
z
Yours sincerely,
d(~~lan<Up
Algis Blandys
C So, see you next summer D Thank you once again for taking time to visit
when you come to the festival. us. It was a memorable afternoon for all.
8 Write a formal thank-you letter to Mr Rowe who worked with you after hours to get you through the Final
English exam. Use the following ideas:
WORD BANK
accessible /:lk'ses:lbV prieinamas breathtaking /' bre8, telkrIJI kvap'!. gniauziantis
amusing /:l'mju:zIIJ/ juokingas, Iinksminantis broaden l'brJ:dn/ paplatinti, praplesti
annual/' <enju:lll metinis camcorder l'k<em,b:d:l(r)1 vaizdo kamera
apart from /:l'pa:tl isskyrus cameraman 1'k<em:lr:l,m<enl kino operatorius
appeal/:l'pi:1I patikti catering l'kert:lrrI)I viesasis maitinimas
applaud l:l'phdl ploti chapter I't;f<ept:ll skyrius
assign l:l'saml pavesti, paskirti charity I't;f<errti/labdara
attendance l:l'tend:lns/ lankomumas chess I't;fesl sachmatai
benefit I' ben:lfltl nauda claim Iklerm/ tvirtinti, reikalauti
blame /bleIm! kaltinti cloakroom I'kbukrum/ rubine
blockbuster /'blokbi\st:l/ ypac populiarus commence Ib' mensl prasiddi
box-office hit ypac populiarus conductor Ibn'di\kt:ll dirigentas
contemporary Ik:m'temp::lr::lril siuolaikinis pastime I'pa:s, taIm! pramoga
convincing Ibn'vmSI1)1 itikinantis periodical l,pI::lri'Od1kl/ periodinis leidinys
counter /'kaunt::ll prekystalis pitch IP1tfi (sport. iaidiml{) aikste
current l'kAf::lntl dabartinis plot/plotl siuzetas; intriga
custom l'kASt::lm/ iprotis, paprotys poll Ip::lulJ viesosios nuomones apklausa
definitely l'defmltIil aiskiai, tikrai praise Iprerzl girti, garbinti; (pa)gyrimas
deny Id1'naI! neigti predictable Ipn'd1kt::lbI! nuspejamas
desire IdI'ZaI::lInoras, troskimas premises l'prem1s1zI pastatas su zemes sklypu
disgraceful IdIS' greIsfll gedingas, negarbingas prominent I'pronun::lnt/ zymus, pastebimas
draughts Idra:ftsl saskes promptly I'promptlil tuojau pat, greitai
embroidery Irm'br::nd::lril siuvinejimas provoking Ipr::l'v::luk11)1erzinantis, provokuojantis
enable II'ne1bI! igalinti, leisti raise money I'rerz 'mAnil surinkti pinigll (labdarai)
engaged (in) 1m' geld3dl uzsiem«s reduce Irr'dju:sl sumazinti
enrich Im'rrtfl praturtinti, pagerinti reference book I'ref(::l )r::lnsl informacine knyga
fame Iferml garbe, slove relieve In'li:vl palengvinti, sumazinti
fiction /'flkIn/ grozine literatiira reveal Irr'vi:I! atskleisti
forbidden/f::l'b1dn/ draudziamas review In'vju:1 recenzija, atsiliepimas
freak out (infml) I'fri:kl uzgaida, keistenybe; su(si)jaudinti scenery I'si:n::lril dekoracijos (teatre)
gripping /' grrpI1)1patraukiantis science fiction I,Sa1::lnS'f1kInl moksline fantastika
guts (infml) IgAtsl dr,!sa; valios stiprybe screen Iskri:nl ekranas
hang about Ih<e1)1siaistytis, siampineti script Iskrrptl scenarijus; tekstas (vaidmens)
eal Ihi:l/ uzgydyti setting knygos, filmo veiksmo vyksmo vieta ir laikas
Ih::lustl seimininkas skydiving I'ska1,da1VI1)1parasiutizmas
uence /' rnflu::lnsl itaka solution IS::l'lu:In/ (is)sprendimas
-ecure l,msI'kju::lI nesaugus source IS'J:sI saltinis
olve Irn'voIvl itraukti ,pectacular Isp::lk't<ekjul::ll ispiidingas
ping /' d309 11)1begimas ristele spine-chilling I' spam, tf1h1)1 g,!sdinantis
. Imtl megzti spy IspaI! snipas
nic /l::l'konrk/ lakoniskas, trumpas stalls l'st'J:lzl parteris
e /'le3::l1Iaisvalaikis stunt Istllntl kaskadinis triukas
. ee l'm<etmeI! dieninis spektaklis, seansas, koncertas suspense IS::ls'pensl itampa
r /'mit::ll skaitiklis tension/'tenIn/ itampa
t Imauntl surengti title I'ta1tI! pavadinimas
-ty I'nju:d::ltil nuogumas unpredictable 1,lInprr'drkt::lbl/ nenuspejamas
l::lb'teln/ gauti, isigyti valid I'v<ehdl galiojantis
k I' aut,lukl poziiiris vivid I'V1V1dlryskus, gyvas
~~.h'e/,::lUV::l'telkl (ap)lenkti voluntary I'voldnt(::l)ril savanoriskas
ack I'pelp::l, b<ek/ knyga plonu virseliu vote /'v';JUtl balsuoti
': audience publika; balcony; ballerina; ballet l'b<eIeI! dancer; box loze; box-office bilielll kasa; b
'::Scl~.- D' ilietus; cast aktoriai; clown; composer; curtain uzuolaida; circle amfiteatras; entrance iejimas; emergE
;;::S:!::"Z:::5 '''i>jimas; first I opening night premjera; interval pertrauka; musical miuziklas; opera house operos ir b2
pit orkestro vieta; perform vaidinti, atlikti; performance vaidinimas; performer atlikejas; playbill a
mrgas; props rekvizitas; puppet theatre leli4 teatras; put on a play I concert pastatyti vaidinimq; sur(
. n of 'Hamlet' was put on at our school. revue In'vju:1 reviu; row eile; seat vieta; stage scena
cinema-goer Are you a keen cinema-goer? stuntman kaskadininkas; comedian; performance seansas Let's go to thl
eight o'clock perfomance.
be a success Thefilm was a great success. be a flop neturintis pasisekimo They put on a musical of 'Jane Eyre' bu
it was a flop. play the part / role of sb atlikti vaidmeni A. Surna plays the role of A. Seputis in the Lithuanian seria
'Relatives '. be on There's a good film on at the cinema this week. Siq savait~ rodomas geras filmas. be based on stl
sukurtas pagal The film 'Gone with the Wind' is based on the novel of the same title. be set The action is set in France
Veiksmas vyksta Prancuzijoje.
types of films / movies: action, cartoon, comedy, disaster, documentary, drama, historical, horror, science fiction
thriller itempto siuzeto filmas; trileris; travelogue I'tr~vd,logl kelionill filmas; war film, western
music
cello I'tfel:ml violoncele; clarinet I,kl~rd'netl; drum bugnas; flute Iflu:tl fleita; guitar; organ vargonai; piano; saxophone
trumpet trimitas; violin l,vard'lm/ smuikas; play the piano / violin She plays the piano very well. sing in a choil
I'kwardl dainuoti chore; band: a group of people playing music; orchestra; musician
types of music: classical music; folk music liaudiska muzika; orchestral music; pop music; jazz; rap; rave; regga,
I'regerl rock' n'roll
exhibitions. museums. galleries
antique Idn'ti:kl antikvarinis, senovinis, antikinis; applied art taikomoji daile; art menas; brush teptukas; canvas drobe
exhibit Irg 'zrbrtl eksponatas; eksponuoti; fine art vaizduojamoji daiIe; painting paveikslas
genres in painting: landscape peizazas; seascape juros peizazas; portrait; self-portrait autoportretas; still-Iif,
natiurmortas; water colour akvarele; oil aliejus; sculpture l'skAlptfdl; fresco I'fresbul
museums and galleries in Lithuania
The Gediminas Castle Museum, the Museum of Applied Arts in Vilnius, the Trakai Castle, the Historical Museums in Vilniu
and Kaunas, the Amber Museum in Palanga, the M. K. Ciurlionis Memorial Museum in Druskininkai, the Stone Museum i:
Mosedis, the Country Life Museum in Rumsiskes, the Art Museum in Vilnius, the Ciurlionis Art Museum in Kaunas, th
Zilinskas Art Gallery, the Art Exhibition Centre in Vilnius
types of books
fable pasakeCia; fairy tale pasaka; folk Ifduk/ tale liaudies pasaka; novel romanas; poetry; prayer book maldynas
reference books (atlas, dictionary, encyclopedia Irn,sarkld'pi:did/); science fiction moksline fantastika; thrilleI
travel book; western; short story novele, apsakymas; story apysaka; apsakymas
expressions connected with bC?oks: be deep in; co-author bendraautorius; dedicate The book is dedicated to hi
mother. inscribe The collector had many books inscribed to him by famous authors. skim (through) perbegti akimi~
perversti He skimmed through the book.
bookworm informal someone who enjoys reading books and spends a lot of time doing it
sport(s)
athletics /~e'letrks/; baseball; bowls Ibdulzl kegliai; cycling dviracill sportas; cricket; darts smiginis; figure-skatin~
gymnastics; golf; hang-gliding sklandymas skraidykle; horse racing arklillienktynes; riding jojimas; rowing /rdUI~
irklavimas; skiing; sailing / yachting I'jotrIJI buriavimas; snooker / billiards I'brliddzl; tobogganing Itd'bogdnr~
roguciq sportas; windsurfing burlencill sportas; wrestling I'reshIJI imtynes
sports facilities: gym(nasium) sporto sale; football field; swimming pool; stadium; tennis court
expressions connected with sport: set the record pasiekti rekord'l.; break the record sumusti rekord'l. He broke th
Olympic record last year. be good at; take part in dalyvauti; win; lose; penalty bauda; home team; goal ivarti:
point taskas Our team won by two goals. end a game in a draw baigti zaidim'l.lygiomis The game ended in a dray,
compete well / poorly; fan; event rungtis; training treniruote; score pelnyti, laimeti, igyti; a score rezuItat2
What's the score? - It's 2:4 in favour of our team.
In most games you score goals (football, hockey) or points (table tennis, basketball).
A a journey by ship for pleasure
B a journey by plane
C the plan of the journey
D a journey by sea
E an informal word for journey, during which you visit a place and come back again
F an organised journey, especially a long one for a particular purpose
G a holiday which includes organised travel and accommodation
H a general word which means the activity of travelling
I an organised journey to see the sights of a place
J a journey from one side of the sea to the other
1 The travel agent will send you the for your trip.
2 My friends went on a guided of Rome.
S; 3 The first time I went from England to France we had a very rough .
r; 4 The first prize in the competition is a luxury Mediterranean .
5 When you go on a , you pay one price which covers everything.
:is 6 The college organised an to search for the ancient ruins.
IS, Lithuanian Airways announces the arrival of LA 263 from Rome.
The Titanic sank on its first in 1912.
9 is one of my main interests.
10 Mr Jones is away on a business at the moment.
g;
T]/ : Complete the chart by putting the words in one of the following categories. Add three more words to e:
T]/
category.
bed & breakfast (B&B) flight attendant train station ferry train
bolidaymaker youth hostel petrol station guide terminal
run out of petrol reserve a room motorcycle airport bus
o some sightseeing go on foot helicopter coach sightseer
book a holiday miss the bus guest house harbour lorry
self-catering flat receptionist traveller guard gate
boarding ~£f.':4 . scheduled . check-in . departure .
excess . holiday . travel . traveller's .
I Single to Manchester, please. a) You want to know if this train is a through one.
2 Do I have to change? b) You want to go to Manchester but not to come back
3 Is there a buffet car? c) You are looking for the place in the station to buy tickf
4 Where's the ticket office? d) You want to know how much a ticket that lets you tra
to a place and back again costs.
e) You have to know exactly where in the station you;
on the train.
f) You are looking for the office where they keep thin)
that people have lost in public places.
7 Which platform? g) You want to buy food and drink on the train.
8 Where's the lost property office? h) You are planning to sleep during the journey.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes tJ
are necessary.
3 Read the text below and decide which word or phrase A, B, C or D best fits each space. Circle the letter
the right answer.
Holidays
Which is better - to go on a package 1 or to 2 on your own? I suppose the answer depends 3 .
what kind of tourist you are. A complicated tour organised by a travel 4 has some advantages. You h2
5 itinerary, which gives you definite 6 and arrival dates, and a list of all your 7 The 8 .
may be cheaper, as it has been booked 9 •.....•..• , so you spend 10 .........• time worrying where you are going
stay. If you book a hotel yourself, you might have trouble finding a(n) 11 •.•••••••. , unless you are going to sl
12•.••.••••• a fortnight, for example. On the other hand, organising your own 13 •••••••••• can be fun. 14••••••
students hitch-hike or buy cheap train tickets, and 15 the night in student hostels or guest houses.
1 Read the article and trace the events of Jullian's journey (A-I) writing the numbers in the order tJ
events happened. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
[]A] At the world-famous surf camp. [=rID Astonishing and awesome surfing.
[]Q A strange ban. c:=:IQ] In search of help.
CJm The surfmg of the Australians. []]E] At the narrator's destination.
[JQI Homesick, but longing for adventures. D.Hl A night out.
[]I] A serious injury.
GLOSSARY
con: to trick someone (usually in order to make them give you money); lacerations: deep cuts or tears (usuall
in someone's skin); psych up: (infml) to try to make feel mentally ready for sth
(Para 1) hot and humid; a lot of noise and activity; peaceful and pleasant; not deep
(Para 2) examined by experiencing; rented; required; apparently
(Para 3) included; stared at; couldn't endure; the choice
(Para 4) agreed to do sth; boundary; short of money; chemical that repels insects
(Para 5) unusually; damp; extreme mental or physical suffering; to show by going in front; held tightly
onto; arrive at; my anxiety vanished
2 The behaviour of the police towards tourists in Bali was illegal: they .
3 Though there was a strict ban not to enter the water during the ceremony, Jullian .
4 Fortunately Jullian succeeded in avoiding punishment for disobeying the law because .
5 G-Iand jungle was teeming with various animals: .
6 The tourists were worried about malaria, so they needed .
7 That exceptionally sharp pain appeared to be :..
8 They moved to a new accommodation because .
9 Although a feeling of confusion and anxiety caused by contact with the Balinese was great, Jullia
~ Read the text. Fill in the table below expressing your opinion on the pros (support) and cons (agains
of travelling by plane, train and ship. If information is not available in the text, give your own point (
view. Be ready to report your opinion to the class.
Travelling
I hate seeing people off. I like being seen off myself. I'm very fond of travelling and I think that all ways (
travelling are good. Of course, if you can afford it, there is nothing like travel by air. It is the most comfortab
and quickest way. You board the plane and in no time you find yourself in the remotest part of the world. n
only thing I dislike about planes is delays by fog or snowstorm. Air passengers often suffer such delays. I woul
like to say a word or two for trains. With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. You s
comfortably in a train and watch a view of the whole countryside. If you are hungry, you can have a meal in
restaurant-car. You can also meet and talk to lots of people. I have never travelled by ship but I would like tl
I would like to feel the deck of the ship under my feet, to see the rise and fall of the waves and to feel the fre~
sea wind blowing into my face. I like going to the harbour and looking at all the ships, cargo-ships, sailin
ships, rowing boats. The only bad thing about a sea-trip is being seasick. Lots of people get seasick, especiall
when the sea is rough.
TYPE OF TRAYELLING PROS CONS
PLANE
TRAIN
SHIP
Sa) Work in pairs. Look at the Airport Departures notice-board and ask your partner questions on the
following points given below the table.
Example: The number of flights to Paris. - How many flights are there to Paris?
I The number of British Airways flights. 6 The number of flights between 10.25 - 10.45.
2 The destination of flight 604. 7 The destination of the Pan Am.
3 The airline flying to Amman. 8 The time flight 902 takes off.
4 The flight which takes off at 10.58. 9 The number of airlines.
5 The number of destinations. 10 The departure time of the flight for Stuttgart.
5b) Plan with your partner a trip by bus to a foreign country. Discuss the following points: the things you
are going to take, the places you would like to visit, the accommodation.
5c) Use the following prompts to interview a partner about her / his holiday.
• What / best holiday / you / have? Where exactly / you / go? Why / decide / go there?
• Who / go with? Where / stay? How long? Recommend / accommodation / friends? Why? Why not?
• It / be / famous place? What places / interest / be / there? What / you / see and do? What entertainment
facilities / be / there? Where / you / go / evenings? You /like / food? Why? Why not?
• You / sad / come home? Why? Why not?
6 Work in small groups. Fill in the table to show the advantages of different types of transport and
accommodation. Be ready to report your opinion to the rest of the class.
1 Read the postcard and underline the words that should be contracted while writing postcards.
2 Read AI's postcard to his penfriend in Lithuania. Capitalise, punctuate it and write proper
following address:(LIETUVA), LITHUANIA, Asta Upyte, Vilnius, LT-2014, Subaciaus g. 120.
Dear Aunty,
[AJ Meanwhile all is well with us. Mom and Dad mostly come home from work very late. I usually.j
alone and play computer, listen to music or meet my friends. Mom and Dad are having their hoh
in August and we are going to Holland for a week.
lliJ I appreciate all the things you and Uncle Jack did to give me a good time. Thank you once more
your kind attention and understanding.
[Q Thank you ever so much for the most interesting holiday I ha\'e ever had! I had so many'
experiences! Everyone is already getting tired of hearing me talk about my big holiday at y.
farm. I had so much fun. I can't stop talking about it - the swimming and riding, feeding
poultry, my first attempts to learn to milk a cow (it was one of the most challenging holil
pursuits), the trip to town on Saturdays, the all-night party of the neighbourhood, and y,
wonderful meals. Mom says I have been spoiled rotten.
Sincerely,
Al
• where you are on holiday and where you are staying
• what the weather is like and what you have done already
• your impressions of the place, the food or entertainment
NB Don't forget proper opening and closing remarks.
5 Read the draft letter of enquiry for hotel accommodation. Paragraph it properly using the framework
for structuring business communication given below.
Gelil{ g. 3-10
LT - 2001 Vilnius
Lithuania
Hotel Hayden
Mariahilferstrasse 57
1060 Wien
Austria
Dear Sir/Madam
My family and 1 are planninng a trip to Wien and 1 have found the name of your private hotel in the
holiday guide received from the Tourists Information Centre. Please let me know if you have
accommodation for a family of five persons for one week from Saturday 6 August. We shall require
one double and one twin-bedded room and one single room. The single room should be near to the
lift as it is for my elderly mother. If you can provide this accommodation, please send me a copy of
your brochure and also your charges for full board. I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours faithfully
'0na5/~~
Jonas Petraitis
6 What are" the English conventional ways of writing dates? Cross out the dates which do not meet the
requirements.
151 September, 2002 October 2nd, 2002 November 3, 2002. December 23nd, 2002
1 September, 2002 October 2, 2002 3 November 2002 2002-12-23
7 Write a letter of enquiry of 100 - 120 words to the proprietor of holiday flats. Be sure to include the
following:
• Your friends Mr and Mrs recommended you this accommodation, state when and how long they
stayed there.
• Your family consists of 3 people and you wish to take your dog with you. Mention rooms, dates and specific
requirements.
• Ask for confirmation and further details concerning facilities and charges.
advantage I~d'vo:ntrd31 privalumas marvellous /'mo:v~lgsl nuostabus
amazing Ig'meIZrl)l nuostabus narrator lng' rertgl pasakotoj as
anxiety !leI)'zargtil nerimas, susiriipinimas net Inet! tinklel is
apparently I~'peergntli/ aiskiai, akivaizdiiai night out naktis praleista ne namuose (linksminantis)
appreciate Ig'pri:Ji,ert! vertinti obviously /'obvigslil aisku, akivaizdu
arrange Ig' remd31 susitarti off-peak lof 'pi:k1 ne piko
astonishing Ig'stonrJrl)l nuostabus overland /,guvg,leendl sausumos
attempt Ig' tempt! bandymas paddle /'peedll irtis, pliuskentis
availability Ig,verld'brlgtil galimybe naudotis, turejimas passerby Ipo:s~'bar/ (pI. passersby) praeivis
avoid 1~'v'Jrdl isvengti path Ipo:81 takas
awesome /''J:s(g)mJ bauginantis; stulbinantis pill Iprll piliule
ban Ibeenl (ui)draudimas poison /'p'Jrznj nuodai
behaviour Ibr'heIVj~1 elgesys poultry I'p~ultril naminiai pauksciai
bite Ibartl ikandimas proper l'prop~1 deramas, tinkamas, reikiamas
blind Iblamdl apakinti property I'propgtil nuosavybe, turtas
bother I' boogl varginti, trukdyti proprietor Ipr~'prar~tgl savininkas; valdytojas
boudary I'baund( g)ri/ riba provide Iprg'vardl patiekti
challenging /'tfeehnd3rl)l reikalaujantis daug pas tang\.! pursuit Ip~'sju:t! megstamas uisiemimas
charge ItJ o:d31 mokestis, kaina rack /reekl lentyna
cling (clung, clung) Ikhl)l kabintis reach Iri:tJI pasiekti
cock Ikokl gaidys receptionist In'sepJnrst! registratorius (viesbuCio ir pan.
damage /'deemrd31 (su)gadinti, apgadinti receipt In'si:tl kvitas
definite /'def(g)ngtl aiskus, tikslus, nustatytas receive Irr'si:vl gauti; priimti
delicious Idr'hJgsl skanus relieved Irr'li:vdl jauCiantis palengvejim,!
demand Idr'mo:nd/ (pa)reikalauti remote In'mgutl tolimas, nuosalus
departure Idr'po:tJ gl isvykimas renowned In'naundl pagarsej((s, iymus
destination l,destr'nerJn/ (ke/iones ir pew.) tikslas repellent In'pelgntl vabzdiius atbaidantis chemikalas
dial /'dargl/ (su)rinkti telefono numeri requirement /rr'kwargmgntl reikalavimas, biitina s,!lyg,
disobey I,drsg'ber/ nepaklusti resident I'rezrd(g)ntl gyventojas
edge led31 krastas resort In'z'J:tl kurortas
endure /rn' djugl pak((sti run out of neturdi daugiau
enquiry 1m' kwarril pasiteiravimas, (pa)klausimas sample I'so:mpl/ (is)bandyti
en-suite lon'swi:t! liukso kambariai scheduled I'Jedju:ldl planinis, planuotas
enter I'entgl ieiti self-catering l,self'kertgnl)l suteikiantis galimyb((
equip /r'kwrpl irengti atostogaujanciam paciam pasigaminti maist,!
exceptionally /rk'sepJn~li/ nepaprastai serve IS3:vl patiekti
fabulous I' feebjul~sl pasakiskas shallow I'Jeeldul seklus
feed (fed, fed) lfi:d/ maitinti snorkeling l'smkhl)l plaukiojimas (su kvepavimo vamzdeliu)
ferry /'feril keltas spoil rotten /'rotn/ (is)paikinti, (is)lepinti
ortnight /' f'J:tnartl dvi savaites stamp Isteempl uiklijuoti pasta ienkl,!
furnish /'f3:nrJI apstatyti baldais stand Isteendl pak((sti, isk((sti
et away with issisukti nuo bausmes stare Iste~1 spoksoti
ard Iga:dl palydovas (traukinio) sting Istrl)l igelimas
. e Ihargl issinuomuoti sunbathe I's!l.nberol degintis sauleje
olidaymaker I'hohder,merbl atostogautojas surf IS3:fl bang\.! miisa; uisiimineti banglenCi\.! sportu
omesick /'hgum,srkl besiilgintis nam\.! sultry I's!l.ltril tvankus
umid /'hju:mrdl dregnas supplement /'s!l.ph,ment! papildymas
tie and bustle bruzdesys, sujudimas swollen I'swgulgn/ patin((s
egal /r'li:gl/ neteisetas teem with lti:mJ knibZdete knibZdeti
elude Im'klu:dl itraukti thick 18rkl tankus
elusive Im'klu:srvl imtinai threaten /'8retnl grasinti
jury /'md3gril suieidimas, suialojimas thunderstorm /'8!1.ndg'st'J:mJ audra su perkiinija
- - ne Im'seml ne viso proto, psichiskai nesveikas tight Itartl nepakankamas (apie pajamas)
Tolve 1m 'vDlvj itraukti, iPainioti tiny I'tamil mazy tis
erary lar'tmgrgril keliones marsrutas vacancy I'verbnsil laisva vieta
Id3erll kaIejimas vanish /'veenrJI dingti, isnykti
1b:1 istatymas waste Iwerstl eikvojimas, veltui praradimas
g (for) 1101)1 labai nordi, troksti wade Iwerdl bristi
ge Ilaund31 laukiamasis, holas winding l'wamdlIJI vingiuotas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
TYPE OF DIFFERENT KINDS PEOPLE WORKING IN
ASSOCIATED FACILITIES
TRANSPORT OF VEHICLES /'vi:rklzl 1HEM
sports car; cab / taxi driver / chauffeur /'J:mf;;" petrol station degaline
ROAD
lorry sunkvezimis J;;,u'f3:/ garage
coach Ibutfl turistinis mechanic /mr'krenrk/ service station
autobusas; bus bus conductor terminal didele stotis
van autofurgonas;
bicycle / bike; motorcycle
express / fast train; local engine-driver masinistas railway station; terminal; platform
RAIL train; slow train; through ticket collector kontrolierius ticket-office; waiting-room
18ru:1train tiesioginis guard Iga:dl palydovas compartment/bm'pa:tm;;,nt/ kupe
traukinys porter I'p'J:t;;,1nesikas carriage / coach Ibutfl vagonas
underground / the tube(infml) buffet I'bufer! car I dining car /
metro restaurant car
yacht Ijot/; rowing boat; ship captain cabin kajute; deck denis
SEA
liner; ferry I'feril keltas steward /'stju::JdJ quay /ki:/ prieplauka; docks
trawler I'tr'J:!;;,1traleris stewardess /,stju::J'des/ light-house - svyturys
!
harbour /'ha:b:Jl/ port uostas
2 Change the underlined words and express the same idea using the phrases from Ex 1.
1 My friend Jane and I have a good relationship.
2 My sister has had a row with her boyfriend again.
3 He said silently: 'Let's try and be friends again after a row.'
4 Everybody is talking about it! Don't you know that Jane is having a secret relationship with her boss!
5 Diana and Paul ended their relationship a year ago.
6 They are twins but they often argue and disagree with each other.
7 Grandfather often told me that children should respect their parents.
8 I think Jane doesn't just like Pete - she admires him too much.
3 Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions about, on, down, up, of, with. You may use them more than
once. Write down your own sentences with these phrases.
1 to fall in love sb 8 to be brought by one's parents
2 to look on sb 9 to be ashamed one's behaviour
3 to act one's own 10 to complain one's neighbours
4 to agree sb 11 to put with people's differences
5 to get angry sb 12 to approve sb / sth
6 to be cross sb 13 to be patient little children
7 to get sb's nerves 14 to take care sb
Everybody 1 problems with parents and so have I. The problems with my parents 2•.................
when I was sixteen. I wanted to get a Saturday 3....•..................... but my parents ordered me to stay at home
study for my exams. Whenever I 4 ............•...........••. that all my friends had Saturday jobs, they always repL
'We don't care 5........................•... , it's you we're worried about.' Their standards infuriated me so much 1
I did whatever 16 ...•....•.............•..... to provoke them. I purposely dyed my hair white blonde and plastered
face in make-up when I went to school. 7............•....•....•. , all I managed to achieve was mass arguments bef
I left 8..•••.••••••••..•..•......... Every time I attempted to go out in the evening, my parents asked me 9.........•......••••••.
out with and where we were going. They even 10•..••.••..............•..•••. my giving them my friend's telephl
number in case they 11..........•••..••......•.•.....• to contact me. I felt that if! gave it'to them they 12........•............•
on me. It never occurred to me that they were just worried about me.
3 Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be the
Tick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and writE
next to the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.
4 Complete the sentences with the words from the bank. You may use the word only once. There are
more words than you need.
5 Read the text below. Each line has a word missing. Use a stroke to show where a word has been left out
and write the missing word on the right. The first has been done for you.
6 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a complete
letter. The first has been done for you.
Yours sincerely,
Irene Howe
READING and SPEAKING
SWEET SIXTEEN
John Oliver takes a critical look at what it's like being It is the difference between your own and your parents'
sixteen. priorities that makes family life explosive when you're
sixteen. Many parents don't worry too much about whether
It isn't easy being sixteen. It's a time of conflicting
their child is popular, having a good social life or going out
feelings and desires. You want to go out and have fun, with friends. Instead, they emphasise the importance of
have a social life, have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, maybe doing well at school and getting good exam results. You
start a serious relationship. At the same time, important know that they're right, up to a point - that you have to
public exams are clouding the horizon1 and your school have qualifications to get anywhere in this competitive
work is becoming more and more demanding. At home you
- erate ) world. But at the same time you realise that however brilliantly
want your parents to treat you like an adult yet you still you do in your exams, you won't be happy if you haven't
depend on them for food and practical help. It's also a time got any friends. You also know that if you don't collect new
when friendships can be unstable as you experiment with experiences, and take social and emotional risks, you will
your own self-image. You may feel a sense of loss as you not become an independent and self-reliant adult.
drop your old friends or are yourself dropped by them. These Sex can be another cause of conflict between l6-year-
:eelings of pressure and conflict at school, at home and aids and their parents. At the age of 16 it becomes legal in
-=.longst your peers are not generally helped by those Britain for heterosexuals to have sex. However, this legal
tactless adults who tell you to 'make the most of the best milestone does not bring with it a sense of liberation for all
years of your life because it's all downhill after you leave teenagers. For those who are shy with the opposite sex and
school'. don't have a boyfriend / girlfriend, it can actually cause a
The fact is that l6-year-olds today are a lot busier than feeling of failure. Those who do want a sexual relationship
those adults were 30 or 40 years ago. You seek your face practical difficulties. Quite apart from a fairly prevalent
pleasures more actively and cram a lot more int02 your lives. fear of AIDS, there are very few l6-year-olds whose parents
You're impossibly busy (when you are not in one of your allow them to bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for the
well-earned Sunday'morning comas) trying to get homework night.
done, revising for a science test, playing in a match, What words of comfort or useful advice can we give to
rehearsing for a play, looking your best for your new teenagers? You, not your parents, must decide on your
boyfriend / girlfriend or going to a friend's party. Many of priorities even if you won't always make the right choices.
you are trying to solve your constant money shortage by But try to keep your options open4 by balancing school
doing a part-time job. At the same time, your parents are work, social life, relationships and hobbies. Living with your
- ddenly expecting more help from you at home, with parents won't last forever. So, while you are with them,
washing-up, babysitting and other domestic duties. You make the most of not having to pay electricity and heating
realise that you have to establish priorities3, but you find it bills. Enjoy having a fridge full of food and your laundry
hard, especially when your parents want to do it for you. done for you. And remember, being sixteen only lasts a year.
GLOSSARY
lc10uding the horizon: spoiling the future; 2cram ... into: pack tightly into; 3priority: a thing that is regard~d
as more important than others; 4to keep one's options open: to avoid making a decision now, so that one still
has a choice later
Summary
It's difficult to be sixteen. Firstly, you would like to be treated as a(n) 1 Still you cannot be
otally 2...•..•••.•....................• of your parents because they provide you with money ~nd food. Secondly, it's the
time when you may feel 3 ..........•..................... as your friendships break up. ThIrdly, teenagers n?wa~ays
. ve more 4.....•................•......... than their parents used to have. Moreover, they often take part-time Jobs
_ \l~ethe~ ate constantl)' s of money. Furthermore, when you are sixteen you are
oilen in 6 with your parents because of the difference between your own and your parents'
priorities. You understand that you have to be 7 ify?u wan.t to get. a good job, so you must
tudy hard, also you know that new experiences, social and emotIOnal n~ks WIll help you to beco~e
(n) 8 adult. Another reason teenagers and their parents about ~s
sex. Though it is legal in Britain to have sex when you are 16, still very 10•...............•............. :. parents let th~Ir
~hildren bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for the night. To sum up, though you lack expenence and practIce
of life it is you who has to make 11•.•....•........................ and be responsible for them. Very often you may be
faced with a difficult 12 .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• of your priorities, nevertheless, try to give equal importance to
different parts of your life. So enjoy living with your parents and having no problems with 13....................•........... ,
3 Look through the questionnaire and tick only these definitions which characterise a good friend.
Calculate your score and read about your attitude towards friendship in the Results Table below.
A Friend
1 D never gets tired of listening to you 8 D can give you helpful advice
2 D tells you everything about himself / herself 9 D accepts your mistakes
3 D is always able to encourage you 10 D knows how to console you
4 D never criticises your behaviour 11 D wants the best for you
5 D runs to your help immediately 12 D prefers you to others
6 D knows when it is the right time to speak 13 D is on hand when necessary
7 D cares and is close to you in all situations
1 to 2S points 30 to SS points
You tend to choose your friends superficially. You get It's difficult for you to make friends because you aren't
on well with them, but relations are only skin deep. Be very willing to get involved with other people. If you try
careful, true friendship should be more rewarding. One to be more warm-hearted and accommodating, you'll
day you could feel lonely and disillusioned. see how others will like you.
4 Choose the definition which states the meaning of the word or phrase best. Find and highlight the
words and phrases in the questionnaire above.
1 to encourage 2 to console
a) to make something possible a) to make someone unhappy and worried
b) to give somebody confidence and hope b) to hide something
c) to ask for information c) to make someone who is sad feel better
3 is on hand 5 willing
a) is near you and ready to help when a) wanting to do something
necessary b) going to happen in the future
b) holding each other's hand c) reluctant to do something
c) is very busy
4 disillusioned 6 sensible
a) annoyed or unhappy a) able to make good decisions based on facts
b) extremely unpleasant rather than emotions
c) feeling disappointed because something is b) easily upset by the things people say or do
not as good as you thought c) showing kind feelings such as sympathy, love
• why some people have many friends and some have very few; which is better?
• how your partner would define the phrase 'a true friend'
• if people with different personalities can be good friends
• how often s/he meets her / his friends and what they like doing together; why they get on well with each other
• if your partner's friends have ever caused him / her any serious problems; how he / she solves them
• why sometimes best friends break up
6a) Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or phrases from the bank given. You
may use the words only once. There are some extra words you will not need.
Our Family
Our family is rather large. I have a father, a mother, a grandmother, a sister and a brother. The members of
our family 1 with each other; the children respect their elders.
My father is a designer. He works hard at his office and at home he helps my mother who is a very busy
woman. She is a doctor and works at a clinic. Father and Mother really love each other. If sometimes it happens
so that they 2 •.••.•....•.••.••..••••••...... with each other, it takes them a short time to make it up. They really are
3 partners in life. I admire my parents sharing daily routines and helping each other to
create a comfortable and cosy home to live in. They have shown me that two people can 4 ••...............••......•••...
each other for their whole lives.
My grandmother who has retired lives with us. She keeps house for us. Even though we all try to help her,
she has a lot of work to do about the house but she never grumbles or 5 and fulfils daily
routines without haste.
My elder brother is an engineer. He adores his profession and thinks that it is the best one. He is married
with two children. As he says he has fallen in love with his wife the moment he first saw her. They live not far
from us and we often invite them for dinner. They come to see us at weekends.
My sister is a student at University. She has a boyfriend and as it seems to me she doesn't just like him, she
idolises him I suppose. I 6 him and we often argue.
I am a schoolboy. This year I'm finishing school. I'm fond of music, I'm good at Maths and Physics and I'm
interested in computers. I want to become a computer programmer. I'm 7 writing letters
too, especially to my pen friends abroad. I suppose it helps greatly to learn a foreign language better. Not long
ago I joined an International Pen Friend Club. It's a great fun to 8 ....................••........• letters from my new
pen-friends. I enjoy corresponding with them and I'm glad to tell them about my country, its customs, national
traditions and myself. I always look forward to the letters I receive because I am delighted to read them and to
9 ..................••.......•..• with the people I have never seen in my life.
6b) Express your opinion on the situation when three generations live together. Use your own arguments or
refer to the text.
How does life with parents and grandparents influence the relationships among the family members? Would
you like to live with your parents when you are grown-up? Why? Why not? How could you describe the
relationships among the members of your family? What do you admire in your parents? Are there any family
traditions that your parents passed on to you? How can one achieve harmony at home? What do you think of
big and small families? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an only child in the family? Is it
good when other relatives live not far from you?
Young people are often complaining that it is difficult to get on well with their parents because their elders do not
understand them. How do your parents treat you? Is generation gap evident in your family? Do you often have
arguments with your parents? What do you usually argue about? How do you behave when you feel that your
parents don't approve of your behaviour, taste in clothes, choice of friends, hairstyle etc? What do you think is
the best way to cope with this problem?
8 Write down five characteristics of an ideal wife / husband. Compare your list with the list your friend has
made and explain your choice to each other. Discuss the following:
WRITING
Dear Auntie,
Thanks for your letter. It was nice to hear from you. How is your little doggy? I hope he's
all right. Now that my school is ovel; I've decided to write you a letter because 1 .
Another problem is that they think I'm too young to go alone with my friends without an
adult. What should I do to make them understand that I've grown up? I feel helpless and I don't
know what to do. I shouldn't leave without their permission, should I ? 4 .
Let me know what you think of the situation as soon as possible. I would appreciate your
advice. 5.................................................. .
Yours,
Lucy
2 Divide these set phrases into three groups: set phrases for the opening paragraph; expressions
asking for advice in the main part; set phrases for the closing paragraph.
_,? Would 1 What should I do?
;:ribe the 2 I hope I haven't troubled you too much .
.' family 3 Do you think it would be a good idea to ...?
_ mink of 4 I've got a problem and I'd like your advice .
. y? Is it 5 What do you think of the problem / situation?
6 I hope you can help me with the problem I have.
7 I need your advice because I don't know what to do.
g Sorry I haven't written for so long but I've been having problems with ...
9 Please write back soon.
=rsdonot 10 I'm writing to ask for your advice.
-:ieil have 11 What do you suggest?
:bat your 12 If you were me, what would you do?
think is
3 Your family has moved to a new town where your parents have found jobs. You have to help your
younger brother and sister with their studies because your parents are at work till late at night. It
takes much of your time and you have fallen behind with your own studies. You don't know how to
cope with the problem. Write a letter of 120-160 words to a friend or relative asking for advice on the
problem you have.
5 Read the letter of apology written by Dave Moor to his new neighbour and underline the phrases
which show that the writer:
50 Park Road
Greenwill
Dear Mr Wright,
I must immediately apologise for your garden fence, which I am afraid, was my fault. I am very
sorry if the news will affect your bright holiday mood.
On Monday I decided to cut down the old apple-tree. While I was working, one very large branch,
which appeared to have been dead, fell and crushed your fence.
I have cleared the debris, and will, of course, pay to have the fence rebuilt as soon as possible.
Please let me know when it would be convenient for me to discuss this with you.
With my apologies once again. The news must have been very unpleasant but I assure you that I
will do everything I can to make amends for the worry I have caused you.
Yours sincerely,
~aAt€' ~
Dave Moor
6 You lost the book, which you had borrowed from the British library. Write a letter of 120-160 words
pointing this out, apologise and offer to replace the book. Use the phrases given below if necessary.
Don't forget to repeat your apology in the closing paragraph of the letter .
• I do I must apologise for (doing) sth. • I would like to apologise (most sincerely) for
• Please accept my sincere apologies. any embarrassment caused I the damage I have
• I am ready to make amends for (doing) sth. caused.
friend: close, dear, good, great, intimate, real, special; faithful, loyal, true; lifelong, long-standing, old It was so relaxing to
be among oldfriends. female, male He was last seen leaving a restaurant with afemale friend. mutual We met each other
-hrough a mutualfriend. family, personal; childhood, school Do you keep in touch with any schoolfriends? become, remain,
stay friends We stayedfriends even after we grew up and left home. find, make Hefinds it difficult to make friends. win He
;mn't win any friends ifhe carries on behaving like that. a circle of friends; a friend of mine He introduced me to his circle
offriends.
friendly: exceptionally, extremely He was exceptionally friendly towards me. be on friendly terms (with sb) Wehave managed
w remain onfriendly terms. be friendly to sb Ifeell can ask her to help me because she's always been very friendly to me.
_;B friendly is an adjective, not an adverb, sodon't say 'they treated me friendly'. Say they treated me in a friendly way or they
were friendly to me.
friendship: deep, firm, great, warm; innocent, true Their affair has started out as an innocentfriendship. Truefriendship is
":orth more than money. eternal, lasting, lifelong, long His friendships never last long. develop, establish, form, make, start
up, strike up Betty struck up afriendship with a girl on her course. promote The aim of the culture festival is to promote
- 'endship between two countries. renew; destroy, spoil, wreck How can you let such a silly incident wreck your friendship?
etray He betrayed our friendship by revealing my secrets to his cousin.
relationship between people. groups. countries
'endly, happy, harmonious, healthy, strong; stormy, strained The relationships between the two countries are strained.
lose, intense, intimate, special; enduring, lasting, long-term, permanent, serious, stable, steady; brief, casual; family,
uman, interpersonal, one-to-one person; business, contractual, formal, marital, physical, professional, sexual, nodal, trade,
. orking Lithuania wants to have trade relationships with all countries.
aegin, build (up), develop, establish, foster They established the relationship of trust. improve, strengthen; continue; handle,
manage He's not very good at handling personal relationships. destroy Lack of trust destroys many relationships,
tongue knee nose ear leg sole
bottom toes arm neck eye back
lips hair mouth head shoulder tooth (pi. teeth)
elbow heel chest hand fingers foot (pi. feet)
waist thumb
examined get better sore fresh get tired chemist's getting thin( ner) take
advice nurse well pains prescription patient doctor a terrible cold
Yesterday I decided to visit my 1................••.....•• I've been having 2 ••.••.•.•••.••••.•...•.• in my chest. I've lost my
appetite and I think I'm 3.................................. I 4 easily, as well. Last week I caught
5....•...••.........••••. My throat felt 6 ............••...•.•.... and I could hardly speak. I hoped it would 7 •.••......•.••.••.......
, but in fact it got worse. The doctor 8 me and gave me a 9 'You can
d door. get this medicine at the 10...•........•........... ', he said. 'Don't worry. You'll soon be all right'. I asked the doctor to
::.zhes. give me some 11•••••••••.•.•.•.•........ 'When you feel better, 12 •.•••.••.....•..•••.••••• plenty of exercise, and you need
plenty of 13 air. You'll be 14 in no time'. I thanked the doctor as the
15•.•.•....•.•..•••••...•. showed me out before leading in the next 16....•...•..•.•..•......•••
se the words and collocations given below to complete the sentences. There are three extra
J h.
collocations you don't have to use. Write your own sentences with these collocations.
xtter.
kill the pain pull a muscle vegetarian diet blood circulation badly swollen
acupuncture alternative therapies feel stressed be operated on
The ball hit him right in the eye and his eyelid was .
_ Avoiding animal fat and choosing a reduces your risk of developing heart disease.
Eating garlic is said to help .
He has to his spine to cure his back problems.
- Some people who suffer from migraine say that is the only thing that helps
them.
6 It's said that traditional medicine and should go hand in hand.
1 There is a word missing in each line. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where the word is missing and write
the appropriate form of the word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as an
example.
depress Physical exercise is one of the best ways of keeping / away: It helps o .4.r:;p.':.t;.~~~~!!
.
able you to improve your body and mind and you to perform better 1 .
breathe in the work place and at home. Proper is essential if you want to get 2 .
consider the most from exercise and you should also take into your heart rate. 3 .
harm It can be to do too much, which is why all good fitness instructors 4 .
important emphasise the of 'listening to your body'. When you first start you 5 .
judge should use good, because it's easy to make the mistake of using the 6 .
correct equipment or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up 7 .
demand gradually. Exercise should not be seen as a task; it can be as easy as 8 .
steady a quick walk. To increase your fitness, exercise for 30 minutes a day, 9 .
different 5 to 6 times a week and you'll notice a in your body and mind in a few weeks. 10 .
2 Use the word given below to form a word that fits the gap.
The government should decide to take the unpopular 1•.•.•. 4f:<;,~~.ip.'!- to ban smoking in a lot of public places.
A study carried out in 1997 suggested that 25 % of secondary school students aged 15-16 are regular
2•.•.••.•.•.•.••..•.•.........• The number of boys who smoke has been falling recently, but not the number of girls. The
research into the factors which influence young people to smoke suggests that parental approval or
3 of the habit is a major factor.
Though a lot of people find smoking 4 ..•....•.•.•.•..•.•••...•••.•••.•.. and though experts all agree it is 5 ••.........•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.
6
and that it costs the state a lot to treat victims of .................••......•.•.•..• , it is also undeniable that many people
get 7 •••••.•••..•.•..•••.•.••••.••••.•• from the habit and find smoking 8 ••.•.•.•••••.•••••.••••.•••• when they are in company.
However, it is now 9 to deny the anti-social nature of the habit. As advertising has proved
ineffective with many smokers, the government should make smoking 10•.......••........•.........•..•......•. in most
public places.
Smokers who are 11 to stop smoking would be obliged to enjoy their pastime in private
and might feel that such 12 •.•.•.•...•.••.•.••...•.•.•.•....••.. are unjust, but for passive smokers for whom a room full of
smoke is 13••..•.••••••....••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..•..•.• they would come as a 14•.•..••.•.•••••••.•.•.•......•••....... of fresh air. It has
been suggested that any form of 15 •.....•.•.••.•....•.•.•.......••..•.. relating to cigarettes should also be banned.
. places.
_ regular
READING and SPEAKING
-~. Is. The
__oval or 1 Read the article carefully. Ten sentences are missing from this article. Study the sentences A-K and choose
the one that fits each gap 1-10. There is one sentence you do not need •
• r people
:: mpany. Although stress can sometimes be a good thing because then their problems seem bigger and they can no longer
-.- proved it gives you the motivation to do your best, it can have a put them into perspective.
_ in most harmful effect on you mentally and physically if it is for
too long. It can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, mood
16 IIf you think negatively, stress can take over.
But if you keep reminding yourself that you can cope and
private swings, depression and illness. These are the 10 ways to
that you know what you are doing, stress often goes away.
full of combat excess stress.
31
2 Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). Read aloud the part of the text that you think gives
you the answer.
1 action of sending air out of the lungs 6 delay or postpone doing something
2 state of being sad and without enthusiasm or hope 7 take control, dominate
3 a worry or fear about something 8 action of taking air into the lungs
4 inability to sleep 9 relax, calm down
5 a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important, 10 give something priority
etc something is in comparison with other things ~
3b) Complete these sentences using some of the words and expressions above making any Cha~ge~re
necessary.
4a) This is how the dictionary defines health, but everyone probably has their own definition of what it
actually means to be healthy.
health / heW / n [U] the state of being well and free from illness in body or mind; the condition of a
person's body or mind
Look at the chart below and tick the five statements which correspond most closely with your own
definition of the word.
Being healthy is
• having all your body parts in perfect working order
• eating right
• hardly ever going to the doctor
• getting lots of fresh air
• not being overweight or underweight
• living to one hundred years
• exercising to the point of perspiration several times a week
• never suffering from anything more than a slight cold or headache
• never smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs
• hardly ever getting stressed or depressed
• hardly ever taking any pills or medicines
• having a 'good to be alive' feeling when you wake up
• knowing how to relax
• something else?
5 Work in pairs. Read the dialogue and study the sentences in the box below. Make similar dialogues
using the given sentences and phrases from the additional word bank.
00) Work in pairs. Imagine that you are feeling rotten: you are weak, shivery, with an aching head, back
and limbs. Your temperature is up over 38°C. You are sweating a lot, you have lost your appetite and
feel sick. You've got flu.
) When you've finished, change the roles. Imagine that the friend is suffering from insomnia. What
advice would you give?
-a) Work in pairs. Make a conversation between Jane Smith and her doctor from these mixed-up
sentences. Act out their dialogue.
Doctor Jane
1 When did this pain start? a) Ow, it certainly does.
2 Now, Mrs Smith. What seems to be the matter? b) Yes, four or five times.
3 Well, I'm afraid you've got appendicitis. c) I first felt it last night, but it was
We must get you into hospital at once and have worse this morning.
that appendix removed. d) I've got this pain in my side, doctor.
4 Let me have a look ... Does it hurt when I press here?
5 Have you been sick at all?
Jane phones home and tells her husband about her visit to the doctor. She reports what the doctor
asked, what she replied and what the doctor diagnosed. Prepare and role-play their conversation.
• the main rules for a healthy way of life • how often you have your check-up
• the diseases you had when you were a child • the best ways of loosing one's weight
• how often one should have their check-up and • the ways of reducing stress and coping with i
why it is important to have it • when and why you consulted your doctor las
• You are in England. You are taking Steve, your friend's 5-year-old son, to the doctor's. Here is a list of the
symptoms he's suffering from. What would you tell the doctor? (Skauda ir svaigsta galva, karsCiuoja.
neteko apetito, skauda pilvq ir pykina.)
• You are on holiday in Greece and you have some problems with your health. You go to the chemist's to g
some medicine. What do you say? (Ant kojos pirsto issoko pilsle, tode! reikia tepalo ir pleistro. Skaud
nugarq, be to dar pradejau koseti. NoreCiau vaistl{ nuo skausmo ir mikstilros nuo kosulio.)
WRITING
NB Use appropriate linkers to connect similar ideas and introduce opposing ideas. Start each paragraph
with an appropriate topic sentence.
1a) Read the rubric given in the box. Underline the key words (eg write a composition, arguments for
and against etc) and answer the questions that follow. Think at least of two positive and two negative
aspects of including more sport in the curriculum.
Your class has been discussing the importance of sports in schools. Your teacher has asked you to
write a composition giving your arguments for and against the following topic: There should be more
sport included in the school curriculum. Write your composition of200-250 words.
• What are you going to write?
• Who is going to read your piece of writing?
• Should you use informal language? Why (not)?
1b) Now read the sample composition on this topic, underline the correct linkers and list the points for and
against the topic. Are they similar to yours? What justifications / examples does the author give to
support each point?
More sport at school?
There is no doubt that sport helps to get rid of overwork and stress which affect us both physically and
mentally. It is only logical then, that more physical training classes should be included in the school curriculum.
But will they really be beneficial?
Moreover / To begin with, sport promotes co-operation and team spirit, which should be encouraged
at every school as the ability to work in a team will be advantageous for young people in their future
career. All in all / Moreover, more hours devoted to sport can only be of great value to students because
exercising helps relieve the stress and frustration which build up after many hours in the classroom. As
a result / Since, young people are less likely to suffer from stress-related health problems such as heart
attack and cancer. Due to the fact that / On the contrary students have to cope with an expanding
..::> with it
workload, very little time is left for them to exercise. For this reason / For example, inclusion of more
tor last
sport in the school curriculum can be an answer to this problem.
On the other hand / Furthermore, there are people who claim that the school curriculum already includes
enough sport, and extra classes will add to students' hectic schedule causing more stress and tension.
What is more / However, they argue that sport in school is a waste of valuable learning time, as examinations
· t of the
require students' deep knowledge of different subjects but not physical fitness. Although / In addition to
sCiuoja,
this, exercising can be quite painful. You may pull a muscle or injure yourself if you are not fit enough.
Last but not least / In conclusion, despite certain objections that some may have, it is obvious that the
--'s to get
advantages of exercising outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore / Also more sport should be included in
· Skauda
the school curriculum.
·)
2a) Read the rubric below, underline the key words and plan your composition by writing down reasons for
and against.
Your local newspaper is asking readers to give their opinion on the following topic: Should smoking
be banned in public places?
2b) Write your composition of 200-250 words using the notes you have made. You can make use of the
plan below and the suggestions given in the key.
Your pen friend from abroad is coming to visit you. You had planned to meet her / him at the airport.
However, you are in bed with pneumonia. Write a letter of 120-180 words to your pen friend,
apologising for not being able to meet her / him and explain why.
ents for You see was running a high temperature think caught a cold was pneumonia
negative have some bad news apologise for to be on the safe side take the medicines feel better
PauksCi1{ takas 7
~ LT-2001 Vilnius
slept in tents and the night was rather cold. Besides, it was raining all the time. 13 .
and fell ill. The doctor examined me carefully and told it 4.....••....•.....••••...•••. I have to stay in bed now
for and and 5 he prescribed. 16 ...•.....•.•••...•.......•.. and had a bad cough. This is what happened.
r give to I 7•...••.••••.••.•••••• now but, as my doctor says, I have to stay in bed for a few more days 8 .••••••.•••••••••••••
Anyway, since my house is not so far from the airport, 19 ..•.•••••.••••..••••.••••..• it won't be very
inconvenient for you to take a taxi to my place.
cally and Once again I 10 •....................•••.••.. the trouble. I can't wait to finally meet you.
iculum.
Bye for now,
Marius
couraged
ir future
Your aunt is coming to visit you. You had promised to meet her at the train station. However, due to
the accident you have had, you are in bed with a broken leg. Write a letter to your aunt apologising
for not being able to meet her and explain why.
WORD-BANK
ache lerkJ skaudeti; skausmas flu lfIu:1 gripas
acupuncture I'rekju opAI]ktf~1akupunktfua, adatl! terapija garlic I'ga:lrkJ cesnakas
adult I'redAlt, ~'dAlt/ suaug((s, pilnametis get over l,get'~uv~1 atsigauti, pasitaisyti
alternative 1:):I't3:n~trvl alternatyva, pasirinkimas go down (with) I,g~u'daun! susirgti
ankle I'reI]kV kulksnis harmful l'ha:mfV zalingas, kenksmingas
antioxidant I,renti'oksrd~nt! antioksidantas health Ihe181 sveikata
anxiety lreI]°zar~til susiriipinimas, nerimas hearing aid I'hr~nI] ,erdl klausos aparatas
appointment I~'pomtm~nt! paskyrimas, susitarimas susitikti heel /hi:V kulnas
approve I~'pru:vl pritarti hurt /h3:t! skaudeti, uzgauti
avoid I~'v:)rd/ isvengti; salintis illness I'rln~sl liga
ban Ibren! uidrausti increase 1m kri :sl (pa)didinti, (pa )dideti
0
bear Ibe~1 pakelti, islaikyti, pak((sti influence I'mflu~nsl daryti itaklt, veikti
blister I'blrst~1 piisle isolate I'ars~,lert! atskirti, izoliuoti
blood IbIAd/ kraujas knee Ini:1 kelis
breath Ibre81 kvepavimas lay (laid) Ilerl (pa)guldyti
breathe Ibri:ol kvepuoti wear off nykti; (su)silpneti, praeiti
bruise Ibru:z/ melyne; su(si)musti, uzsigauti lie (lay, lain) !larl guleti, atsigulti
cause Ib:z/ biiti prieZastimi lungs !lAI]z/ plauciai
cell IseV l'lstele mature Im~'tfu~1 subrend((s
charge Itfa:c5f atsakomybe, pareiga medicine(s) I'medsn! vaistai
check-up I'tfekApl sveikatos patikrinimas metabolism Im~'treb~,lIZm/ medziagl! apykaita
chemist's I'kemrstsl vaistine migraine I'mi:grem, 'margrern! migrena
chest itfestl kriitine; kriitines l'lsta mood Imu:d/ nuotaika
cliche I'kli:Seri banali fraze; sablonas neck InekJ kaklas, sprandas
combat I'kom, bret! priesintis, kovoti oblige 1~'blard.31priversti
consciousness I'konS~sn~sl s'lmone; s~moningumas obtain I~'btern! isigyti, gauti
cope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyti ointment I':)mtm~nt! tepalas
couch Ikautfl sofa, kusete outbreak I'aut, brerkJ protriikis
cough Ikofl kosulys; koseti overweight 1,~uv~'weIt! sveriantis virs normos
deaf Idefl kurCias oxygen l'oksrd.3~n! deguonis
demand Idr'ma:nd/ reikalauti pastime I'pa:s, tarm! laisvalaikio uisiemimas
disease Idr'zi:z/ liga patient l'perSnt! pacientas
ear /r~1 ausis perspiration I,P3:sp~'rerSn! prakaitavimas
elbow I'elb~ul alkiine pill IpIV piliule
equipment /r'kwrpm~nt! iranga, irenginiai prescription Ipn'sknpS~n! receptas (gydytojo)
excess I'eks~sl papildomas,virsijantis norm~ prioritise IpraI' on, tam teikti pirmum~
exhale leks'herV iskvepti priority IpraI' ordtil pirmumo teise
eye larl akis procrastinate Ipr~u'krrestI,neIt! atiddioti, vilkinti
eyelid I'arlrdl vokas (akies) proper I'prop~1 tinkamas
faint Ifemt! nualpti put into perspective Ip~'spektrvl objektyviai vertinti
finger I'frI]g~1 pirstas (rankos) quote Ikw~ut! cituoti
fitness I'frtn~sl gera tizine biikle rate IreIt! tempas, sparta
receipt Irr'si:t! kvitas surgery f's3:Cl;)griigydytojo kabinetas
recipe f'resgpil receptas (kulinarinis) swing ISWlfjlsvyravimas
r, due to recover (from) In'kAVgl pasveikti, atsigauti swollen I'swgulgn/ sutinzs
logising reduce In'dju:sl sumazinti therapy I' eergpil terapija, gydymas
resist In'zIst! atsispirti, priesintis thumb leArn! nykstys
retire In'taIgl iseiti i pensij'l tip Itlpl patarimas; informacija
revise In'valzi kartoti (mediiag/) toe Itgul kojos pirstas
evere ISI'VIgl astrus, stiprus tongue ItAfjl lieiuvis
short-sighted !'J;,:t,saltld! trumparegis treat Itri:t! gydyti
sneeze Isni:z1 Ciaudeti underweight I,Andg'Welt! sveriantis per mazai
solution Isg'lu:Jn/ sprendimas urgent 1'3:d.3nt! skubus
spicy f'spaIsii su prieskoniais, astrus vegetarian l,vecBg'tegrigni vegetaras
steady f'stedil tvirtas,pastovus victim f'vlktrml auka
suffer (from) I'SAfdl buti kamuojamam, kenteti wound lwu:nd! zaizda
5Uicide l'su:I,saldl savizudybe yoga f'jguggl joga
The names of illnesses are usually uncountable in English, including those ending in -soIf you 've already had measles,
you can't get it again. There s a lot offlu around at the moment. The words for some minor ailments are countable: e.g.
cold, a sore throat, a headache. However, toothache, earache, stomach ache and backache are more often
ountable in British English. In American English, these words are generally countable if they refer to particular
::::-.acksof pain. Compare: Love isn't as bad as toothache. (GB) Love isn't as bad as a toothache. (US)
Aichael Swan Practical English Usage
entist's
otb uzplombuoti danti; pull out a tooth istraukti danti; filling plomba J had to have two fillings at the dentist s
3 Complete the sentences. Compare your ideas with the ones of your partner's.
Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaks Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaks
from ... (adjective, noun) from ... (adjective, noun)
2 Canada 13 Japan
ry.
3 .......... Lithuanian 14 .......... Spanish
~ 4 Britain 15 Denmark
USE of ENGLISH
Write the questions that were put by a university teacher to the answers given by a student.
Example: TEACHER: How many exams are you going to take? - STUDENT: Three.
1 T: ? S: I'll be sitting A-levels in maths, physics and chemistry.
2 T: ? S: Oh, I'm most interested in physics.
3 T: ? S: I'd like to specialise in electronics, I think.
4 T: ? S: I don't know but I'm certain that I don't want to teach.
5 T: ? S: This university has a better reputation for teaching physics
than the colleges near my home.
6 T: ? S: I suppose I'll go home once or twice a term.
7 T: ? S: I swim and enjoy disco dancing - when I have some spare
time, that is.
8 T: ? S: Yes, I do. I read up a lot on the subject.
9 T: ? S: In my first year I would like to live in the hostel and, perhaps,
move into a flat in my second year.
10 T: ? S: Yes. I have applied for two Scottish universities.
11 T: ? S: This is my first choice.
: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
L:se between two and five words, including the word given.
Examination Tips
• Go to the bed early so as not to be tired in the morning. 1 .
• Eat a breakfast or lunch before the exam in order not to feel hungry later. 2 .
• Check the time and place of the exam so as not to arrive to late. 3 .
• Read the instructions carefully to find out what you have to do. 4 .
• Begin by reading the exam paper so carefully. 5 .
• Answer the easiest questions at first so as not to waste time and marks. 6 .
• There is no point in spending too long on one question. 7 .
• Plan draft answers before you write paying attention on to your final answers. 8 .
• Avoid careless mistakes leaving some time to check all your answers. 9 .
• Reread your answers in order that to make corrections. 10 .
ElOn would probably be the world's most famous school A day in the life of an Etonian
~'en if Prince William hadn't spent the happiest days of David Wolfendon, a former student, recalls a typical day:
, life there. An incredible19 British Prime Ministers have 'At 7:30 am a loud and obnoxious* bell would go off for
ended Eton as well as various minor Royals, poets and about one minute making sure that no one could think of
~elebrity swindlers*. But no girls. not waking up. Even if you tried to go back to sleep, another
bell would go off ten minutes later.
blic schools
Where one ate breakfast depended on which 'house' you
_ hough they are called 'public schools', with annual fees
were in. I had the misfortune of being a seven-minute walk
to £14k*, these institutions are really for very rich people.
from my dining hall. For half the boys this dining hall was
~-e name comes from when the children of important families
where they would eat all their meals. The other half would
ed to attend schools with ordinary people, rather than
eat in their 'houses'. I don't think that the quality of the
- . g educated at home.
-=. n was founded in 1284 by Henry VI and is divided into food differed greatly from one dining hall to another.
=- boarding houses. The boarding houses compete at sports
Breakfast was pretty good and was served from 7:30-8:05.
At 8:40 all the boys would go to either chapel or a morning
education, but the fiercest competition is with Harrow,
. er famous old school. It prides itself on taking the assembly*. This would last for about 20 minutes before the
:' . not many get through the entrance procedure. day of lessons started. Classes would go on till 11:20, at
which point there would be a break of 25 minutes. This
tige would give both students and teachers a chance to have a
prestige of attending such a well-known school is break and to meet if there was a problem .
• s more important than the excellent facilities and small If it was a Thursday, a Tuesday or a Saturday, then lessons
you can expect at Eton. The 'old boys' network' of would be finished at lunch time and sport or free time would
.:ollege means Old Etonians can expect the lifelong take over. This would also allow us to take off our school
_ rt from fellow Etonians. They try and help each other uniform which had to be worn in every lesson and school
they come into contact in later life. Traditionally the event.
_ b in Britain and her Empire were reserved for ex- However, on the other days of the week, except Sunday,
;: s hoolboys, and it is still true that an Eton education classes could last until six. The evenings, on weekdays, would
. n doors years after you have left the school and consist of the same things nearly every night: dinner at 7:30
~ 'en get you out of trouble! pm, a meeting with everyone in the house, called 'prayers',
and then most people would go off and do their homework.
Weekends could be very boring and consist of nothing hand, I can't say how much I appreciate my parents for t ~
other than TV and work - but not all of them. In my first work, effort and sacrifice* they put in to get me throu~
couple of years I would go home quite a lot, but in my sixth those five years.
form days, I would go to London or Brighton.' It was strange to see so many famous people at Eton. Ion
saw Gianfranco Zolajuggling with a football. Another time
His opinion of Eton
I was in my house when I ran into Jerry Hall and Mic
'I have mixed views on Eton. I would not send my children
Jagger. And, of course, there were the regular sightings 0;
there or to any other private school because I think that
the two Princes and the armed bodyguards.'
there is probably a greater sense of achievement if you come
through the state system with good grades. On the other
GLOSSARY
swindler: criminal; k (infml): one thousand; obnoxious: horrible; assembly: a meeting of all students whicb
usually takes place in the morning; sacrifice: if you make a sacrifice, you give up something that is important to
you for the benefit of another' person
2 Read the article Life at Eton College once more and decide which of the statements are true and which
ones are false. In the text highlight the sentences proving your answers.
3 Read the text My School. The sentences A-D have been removed from it. Decide where they should
be in the text.
-ightings of to the 9th to 12th forms of secondary school. There are also special education institutions for children with
special needs, youth schools which provide basic education and adult education institutions. Secondary education
ends in taking one compulsory and at least three optional examinations. Successful students are awarded a
School Leaving Certificate. Education is free in all state secondary schools.
Tuition normally begins at the age of six or seven. Compulsory education lasts until the age of 16. Pupils can
stay at school for twelve years but some of them leave school having finished the tenth form. These pupils
-=~ntswhich
usually go to vocational junior colleges or trade schools where they can get both secondary education and the
portant to
qualifications. Higher education can be pursued by individuals who have secondary school graduation certificates.
There are 15 state schools of higher education in our country: 7 universities, 6 academies and 2 institutes, as
well as 3 clerical seminaries.
In Lithuania children go to school five days a week. There is no school on Saturdays and Sundays. The
school year begins in September and ends in the middle of June. There are optionally three terms or two
semesters in the school year. The curriculum may slightly differ from school to school, though basic subjects
such as Lithuanian, Mathematics, History, Science, Computer Studies, modem foreign languages are included
in the curriculums of all schools. Religious education is provided for all pupils, but parents can choose either to
send their children to classes of religion or ethics.
Secondary Schools
ses. Most secondary schools are comprehensive schools, which offer a general education to children of all
~ activities abilities. In some areas children are selected for either grammar school (which is more academic) or secondary
modem school.
Education in Britain is free, and most
age
children go to state schools. However, some 4
parents pay to send their children to 5
independent schools. In England and Wales 6
7
some of the more traditional independent 8
chools are called public schools, although 9
10
!hey are not really public at all. Many of 11
these are boarding schools, where children 12
live and sleep during the term. 13
14.
The Curriculum 15
16
The national curriculum is the group of
17
building. ubjects (English, Mathematics, History, 18
College of
=:: iet place. cience, modem foreign languages etc) that
~ going for
further education
ust be taught in England and Wales. (general, vocational. and
school- University College of art, technical)
Exams
e. music, etc.
In England Wales and Northern Ireland
STY, Music
. upils take GCSEs (the General Certificate
. he boys. Secondary Education) at the age of 16.
a school This chart shows how education is organised in England and Wales.
- orne children take three or four; others The system is a little different in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
:2.keas many as ten or eleven. Pupils who
• :he aim of . ve passed their GCSEs may remain at school for another two years and take their A (Advanced)-level
_. Club and =xams. All grammar and most comprehensive schools have a sixth form, where pupils study for their A-levels .
.-\ny student who wants to go to university needs to pass at least two or three A-levels.
g time. I
IDgher Education
~ at school.
Most courses last for three or four years. Students receive grants from the government to pay for course fees,
: , accommodation etc. Some students also receive loans, which they have to pay back when they start work.
Age of Starting Types of The Higher
Country Exams
School Schools Curriculum Education
5 You have been studying at school for ten years at least, so taking turns tell your fr~end~ wh;t y~
know about education in Lithuania. Speak about the changes that have .ta.ken place l~ e uca 1O~~
our country recently. What changes are still to be made? Express your opmlOn about biased teachm,
What are positive and negative aspects of it?
6 Work in pairs. Which five aims do you think are most important
for secondary school? Read out yo
list of aims to each other. Give reasons or examples to back up your points. Report back the resul
of your work to the rest of the class.
7 Working in a group choose three of the points for discussion. Justify your opinion by giving examples
and reasons. Begin your speech with:
In my opinion, .
As far as I know, .
I'm convinced that .
Taking into account .
I'm not sure I agree .
I really believe that .
I assume that .
Personally, I think .
It seems to me .
Regarding the fact that .
To tell the truth, .
From my point of view .
out your
e.results
9 Many people think that teachers give pupils too much homework and that it is unnecessary. Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of doing homework. These statements may support your point of
view:
11 Most people are very keen on learning languages as they realise the importance of knowing foreign
languages. Discuss these questions with your partner:
12 You and your friend would like to go to Britain to improve your English in summer courses. Make up
a role play on the matter considering the following points:
1 Kristina wants to go to England to attend a summer course in English. She has seen this advertisement in
the' BBe English' magazine and has decided to write to the school and ask some questions about the
course. Read the advertisement, Kristina's'notes and the letter she has written. Find and underline the set
phrases used to begin and end the letter. Can you think of any other phrases that could have been used
instead? Underline the linking words. What would be wrong with the letter if the linking words were
missing?
where
STUDY ENGLISH THE HEAR OF ENGLAND exactly?
• All levels from Beginners t~
• Frien .ronment and up-to-date<f.i!filiti~ any courses
• Sport and Social€tivit~ preparing for
• Tri s to Oxford and Stratford-up on-Avon A-level
• ccommodati can be arranged in the range of £ 80.00 a eek. exams?
For@itioi§!J information please write to: The Internationa
Office Manager, Warwickshire College, 5 Warwick New Road,
Leamington Spa, Warwickshire CV32 5JE
Ramybes g. 99
LT-5300 Paneveiys
Lithuania
Kristina has received a letter from the manager of Warwickshire College. Fill in the gaps with the
phrases given below to complete the letter. Underline the words and phrases which make the letter
sound formal. Find and underline the linkers.
Everything else is provided also available all essential facilities to stay with
As for the accommodation of some help Regarding the situation To begin with
Warwickshire College
5 Warwick New Road
Leamington Spa
Warwickshire CV32 5JE
England
1 July. 2003
Miss Kristina Simkute
Ramybes 99
LT-5300 Paneveiys
Lithuania
Thomas Smith
4 You are one of the organisers at Giruliai Camp. A teenager from Britain has written to the camp asking
for some extra information about the points underlined in the advertisement given below. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write to the teenager giving the necessary information.
You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.
GOT INTERESTED?
Write to: Gintas Petrulis, Giruliai Camp,
Pusyno g. 12, LT-5800 Klaipedos r., Lithuania
Set Phrases for Opening Paragraph Set Phrases for Closing Paragraph
I am writing to give you some information about ... I hope this information will be of some help to you ...
I am writing in reply to your letter . I would be happy to supply you with any further information ...
In reply to your letter concerning . If you need further information, do not hesitate to contact me.
With reference to your letter of .
5 Read the following paragraph. Highlight in different colours the topic sentence, the supporting
sentences and the closing sentence. Circle the linking words and replace them with the synonymous
ones.
Nowadays it is truly important to learn languages. To begin with, knowing foreign languages broadens
one's outlook and develops mentality. The more languages we know the more intelligent we are. Moreover,
knowing foreign languages gives us an opportunity to socialise and correspond with people from other
countries. For instance, we can travel abroad and communicate with other people easily which gives us
great satisfaction. It also helps to understand traditions and customs of the country better. Furthennore,
you can study or work abroad not facing the language barrier. As a result, you have better employment
opportunities abroad and in your own country as most positions take people with a good command of two
or three foreign languages. To sum up, there are a lot of reasons why people should learn foreign languages.
'"
p asking
6 Here are some ideas oflanguage learning expressed by different people. Read them and write a paragraph
. Read the
using the guidelines given on p. 88. Start with the topic sentence: There are different ways to improve one's
ormation.
language skills.
Sam: When I read a text in which much of the language is unfamiliar, I 'guess' - I use my general knowledge
of the world and knowledge about the particular topic to help me to understand.
sports Elizabeth: I use my bilingual dictionary a lot to try to find ways of expressing what I can say in my own
Germany language.
Jan: I try to notice other students' mistakes - particularly if they are not speaking to me - and sometimes I
realise I make that mistake myself. I try to correct the mistake and think what the person should have said.
Marina: I like to repeat things over and over so that I can memorise them.
Jonas: I go up to tourists and pretend I am lost so that I can get into conversation with them in English.
Anna: I have a fascination for the systems of language, and read about the grammar and phonology of English
in my own language. I get pleasure from discovering the underlying grammar in some expressions I use, and
this helps me to remember it.
Martin: I like to write everything down and revise all my lessons very carefully and systematically. I enjoy
reading, and keep a record of the new vocabulary I come across.
ation ...
essible l:lk'ses:lbll prieinamas, gaunamas effort I'efdt/ pastanga, stengimasis
ntact me.
ommodation 1:l,kom:l'derJnl patalpa, bustas enrol Im'rdull uz(si)rasyti, iregistruoti
omplish 1:l'kAmplrJI ivykdyti, atlikti entrance I'entrdnsl istojimas; stojamasis
ording 1:l'b:drlJI pagal, remiantis essential /r'senJdll pagrindinis, butiniausias dalykas
ountancy l:l'kaunt:lnsil s<lskaityba, buhalterija exactly /rg 'zrektlil kaip tik
.evement l:l'tJi:vm:lntl pasiekimas, laimej imas excellent I'eksdldntl puikus
uda l:l' d3end:l1 darbotvarke expel /rk'spell pasalinti, ismesti
ply l:l'plar/ kreiptis, prasyti extra-curricular I,ekstr:lb'nkjubl uzklasinis
preciate/:l'pri:Ji,ertl (Dvertinti; branginti; pripazinti extremely /rk'stri:mlil labai, be gala
. tance l:l'srst:lnsl pagalba, parama facilities Ifd' srldtrzl visuomenines paskirties irenginiai
. de I'retr, tju:dl nuostata, pozicija, paziura, poziuris fail Iferll nepavykti, nepasisekti
id 1:l'vJrdl vengti; issisukineti, salintis fascination l,fresr'nerJn! susizavejimas
ve Ibr'hervl elgtis fierce Ifrdsl inirs«s, nirtulingas
d I'bar:lstl (Cia) profilinis find out I,famd 'autl suzinoti
gual Ibar'lrI]gw:l1l dvikalbis force Ihsl (pri)versti
ding house I'bJ:drI] ,hausl (Cia) mokyklos bendrabutis former I'hmdl buv2:s
brity IS:l'lebr:ltil izymi asmenybe, garsenybe frustration Ifr AS'trerJ nl nusi vylimas
. cate IS:l'trfrbtl atestatas, mokyklos baigimo paiymejimas genuine l'd3enjuml tikras, nuosirdus
enging l'tJrelmd3rI]1 reikalaujantis visljjegll, sunkus graduate l'grred3u,ertl baigti (mokslus)
pel l'tJrepll koplycia, baznytele graduate I' grred3udtl absolventas
t ItJi:t1 apgaudineti, sukCiauti handicrafts I'hrendi,kra:ftsl rankdarbiai
ch IbutJI treneris, instruktorius hesitate I'hezrtertl dvejoti, nesiryzti
parison Ibm'prensnl palyginimas, sugretinimas hostel I'hostdll bendrabutis
lete Ibm'pli:tl uzbaigti impose /rm 'pduzl uzdeti, primesti, apsunkinti
porting rehensive school I,kompn'hensrvl valstybine incredible 1m' kreddbll neitiketinas
':ojo lavinimo mokykla independent I,mdr'penddntl nepriklausomas
nymous
ulsory Ibm'pAls:lril priverstinis, privalomas invent sugalvoti, israsti
rning Ibn's3:mI]1 del, apie juggle I'd3A91l zongliruoti
roadens =TInce Ibn'vmsl itikinti loan l!dunl paskola
oreover, . f'kDpil (nu)kopijuoti, (pa)daryti kopij<l maintain Imem 'tern! palaikyti; priziureti; islaikyti
'Ye Ihi' ertrvl kurybingas, kurybiskas memo rise I'memd,rarzl isiminti, isidemeti
/ other
'culum Ib'nkjubml mokymo planas; programa misfortune/mrs'htJnl nelaime
/ves us
- 'te I'def(:l)ndtl aiskus, apibreztas, tikslus; nustatytas observe lob'Z3:vl stebeti; sekti; laikytis (tradicij/{)
Idr'gri:1 laipsnis order I'J:ddl liepti, isakyti; uzsakyti
'nation Idr,t3:mr'nerJnl ryztingumas; pasiryzimas particularly Ipd'trkjuldlil ypac
lop Idr'veldpl pletoti(s), rutuliotis; vystyti(s), is(si)vystyti; pass Ipo:sl islaikyti (egzamin1)
roJtl apmatai; projektas play truant I,pler'tru:dntl praleidineti pamokas
'{'ntly /r'frJntlil efektyviai, nasiai permission Ipd'mrJnl leidimas
position Ip;J'zrJnI paddis; postas, tarnyba regardless In'ga:dl;Jsl nepaisant to
prayer Ipre;JI maIda, poteriai responsible /rr'spons;Jbl/ atsakingas
pride Iprardl pasididziavimas royal l'r:)1;J1Ikaraliskasis
primary I'prarm;Jril pradinis self-esteem I,selfrs'ti:ml savigarba
promote Ipr;J'm;Jutl paremti, puoseldi; skatinti sighting I'sartrl)1 reginys
provide Ipr;J 'vardl patiekti, pariipinti staff Ista:fI tarnautojai, personalas
pursue Ip;J'sju:1 t«sti; uzsiimti supportls;J'p;):tl paremti, islaikyti
recite In'sartl deklamuoti, isvardyti tutor I'tju:t;JI vieno studento arba mazos grupes destytojas
recreation I, rekri 'erJnI pramo ga, laisvalaikio uzsi emimas vocational subjects IV;JO'kerJn(;J)1'sAbd;)lkts/ profesin. dalykai
regarding In'ga:du)1 del waste Iwerstl veltui eikvoti, svaistyti
TOBACCONIST'S
NEWSAGENT'S
JEWELLER'S
GREENGROCER'S
OFF-LICENCE
BUTCHER'S
IRONMONGER'S
GROCER'S
FISHMONGER'S
STATIONER'S
BAKER'S
CHEMIST'S
OPTICIAN'S
FLORIST'S
CONFECTIONER'S
1 a of moisturiser or shampoo ~
2 a of milk or apple juice ~
3 a of soap or chocolate ~
4 a of jam or pickle
5 a of tissues or chocolates
6 a of toothpaste or glue
7 a of coke or beer
8 a of beans or paint
9 a of cigarettes or biscuits
10 a of mineral water or bubble bath
11 a of grapes or flowers
12 a of ice cream or margarine
3 Group the words according to the categories in the chart. Some words may suit more than one category.
Look up the words in the word bank and additional word bank if necessary.
blouse high heels cap waistcoat suit belt
jacket flip-flops bra scarf fur coat socks
sweater T-shirt hat boots shorts skirt
overcoat trousers shirt anorak bow tie leggings
tracksuit V -neck jacket polo-neck overalls nightdress dressing -gown
PYjamas knickers / panties jumper raincoat slippers parka
trunks trainers / sneakers tights underpants Jeans sandals
bracelet handbag brooch shawl beads necklace
4 Complete the sentences using the words given below. Make changes if necessary. You may use some
words more than once.
A wrong number
telephone play machine machine
cordless mobile phone box
answering fax phone call
long-distance address
e-mail back
First pick up the 1..........•••..•...... and then insert your money. Then 2 .•.••••••••••••••••.•• the number, remembering to
put the area 3 •••••••••••••••••••••• in front of the number. You should hear a 4 ••••••••••••••••••••••• tone before somebody
5....•....•.•..•....•... Ifyou hear the 6....•........•........ tone, try again later. When your money has run out you will hear
the 7•••••••••••.•••..••••• ; either put more money in to continue your call or 8••••••••••••••••••••••• If you cannot phone
direct, call the 9•...•...•••••.•.•..... and ask him or her to connect you.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Most of the lines in this text have a missing word. Use a stroke ( / ) to show where a word has been
left out and write the missing word next to the number on the right. Tick the lines that are correct. An
example is given.
3 Fill in the gaps in the dialogue with a suitable word from the bank given. Use each word only once. There
are some extra words you will not need.
Buying a Jacket
Salesperson: May I help you?
Customer: Yes, please. I'm looking for a jacket.
S: What size do you 1........................................•..... ?
C: 36, I think.
S: Here you are. How do you like this one?
C: Hmm. I think it's a bit 2••.•...••.••••••••••.••••.•• light. 3•••••••••••••.....•.•.•••• you show me any jackets that are
4.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••• darker?
S: Yes, we have a wide selection. Look s all of our jackets on your own and pick
6..••...••••••••.....•.....••••••• the one you like.
C: Can I try them on?
S: Of course. You can try them on in the fitting room over 7 •••••••••••••••.•...••••.••••••••••••••••••
(five minutes later)
S: Well, how do you like it? How 8•......................•.....•.....•........ it fit you?
C: I'm afraid 9••••••••.•.•.•.•.••. a little too 10••••••••••••••••••••• Have you got any jackets that are a bit 11•••••••••••••••.••• ?
S: Yes, we have. I think you'll like this one. Would you mind coming over here and looking at it? It's a little
looser than the one you've just tried on.
C: Will you take it back if I 12 ..••..•••••.•..••.••.....•..•. to return it?
S: Of course. No problem at all. Just bring it back.
C: Fine. I think I'll take it. How much does it 13 ?
S: The 14 •••.•.••..........•.•.•••..... price is 50 pounds. But you are lucky. We're having a 1S......•....•.•.•.••••.• this week,
and all of our prices are 25% off the regular price.
C: That's fine. I'm glad I decided to buy a jacket this week. Thanks for your help.
S: My 16.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•......•.•...•. Please come again.
1 Why would you go to an optician? (eyes / look at) 2 Why would you take your watch to a watchmaker's?
(it / mend) 3 Why would you go to a drycleaner's? (clothes / clean) 4 Why would you go to a barber's or
hairdresser's? (hair / cut) 5 Why would you take your car to a garage? (it / service) 6 Why would you go to a
fortune teller? (fortune / tell) 7 Why would you go to a shoemaker's? (shoes / mend) 8 Why would you go to a
laundry? (linen / wash) 9 Why would you go to a photographer's? (photo / take)
- Read the passage about the postal services and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space.
We cannot imagine our life without the help 1 certain services such as: a post office, a
hairdresser's, a bank, a laundry or various medical institutions.
We need these services very often. One of them is a post office. The mail serves 2 ••••••••••••.••••.•••• a connection
between members of a family, between friends, and between producers and consumers. It not only delivers or
sends letters and other mail, but it 3 controls the telegraph and the telephone. We buy stamps,
send letters, parcels, telegrams or get poste restante letters 4 the post office. The post officer
weighs the letter or parcel and tells us 5 much we have to pay. We can drop ordinary letters
6 a post-box in the street. When the letters reach the place of destination, the postman delivers
7 to the people they are addressed 8 The post clerk may also sell you postal
orders. If you want to cash a money order don't forget to take your passport or PIC 9 ••••••..•..•.••••••... you.
Nowadays you can send a message 10 •.•••••••••••••.•.•.•. fax or e-mail, the newest means of communication.
In conclusion, 11 more developed society is the 12 we have to apply for the
services of different institutions hoping that a specialist will do the job better 13 any individual
may do 14 •.....••••..•..•.•.•.• his or her own.
6 Read the text and fill in each gap with the appropriate word from the box below.
Bank Accounts
It's very simple to open a bank 1 in Britain. There are very few formalities. Just go to your
local branch and 2 a few forms. You will probably only have to pay 3 if there
is no money in your account or if you borrow money from the bank, in other words if you have an
4••••.•••••••.••.•••••••.•••• For regular everyday use most people prefer a 5•.••••.•••.••••.•••••••••• account. This normally
earns no 6 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• but you are given a 7 •••••••••••••••••••.•••••• book, which makes shopping and paying bills
very easy. A deposit account earns interest but it's not so easy to 8 your money. At regular
intervals, perhaps monthly, you will receive a 9 from the bank, giving details of each
10•••.•.••••••..•••••.•••••• (money you put in) and 11•.•••.•.•.••••.•.•••••••.• (money you take out). If you have to make a
regular payment, like rent, you can ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. This arrangement is
called a 12••••.••..•••••••••......••..•
Money shapes our world. Almost every society now has a From salt to silver
money economy based on coins and paper notes in one A more practical system of exchange needed to be worked
form or another. Of course, that hasn't always been the out so, before long, people started trading with goods that
case. were important or valuable in their world. Roman soldiers
In 'primitive' societies, the market place was filled with received at least part of their pay in salt, giving us the modem-
people bartering, or exchanging goods which they thought day word, salary. Other cultures used shells and stones, as
were of equal value. Barter trade still goes on in some parts in the Southern Pacific islands, while some cultures traded
of the world but as a universal system it failed. It must have with skulls and teeth. Other examples of 'early' money include
been very frustrating and difficult trying to change what cattle, feathers, ivory and tobacco. The first real money as
you had for something that you wanted. we recognise it was developed by the Lydians in Asia Minor
in about 700 Be. The introduction of coins of silver and
gold alloys was a revolution. Money had become portable, developed intricate and often beautiful designs which are
durable, recognisable and divisible into smaller and larger difficult to reproduce. These are usually combined with the
units. portraits of heads of state and national heroes, which gives
paper money its great symbolic value.
The promise to pay the bearer
That value disappears quite quickly as smaller denomination
Coins come in all shapes, sizes and metals. Originally,
bills are converted to coins, making them so much 'loose
however, a coin was given its value on the amount of
change'.
precious metal it contained. In medieval times, problems
arose when the coins themselves became so heavy and large Precious plastic?
that they ceased to be portable. Another problem was that So, what about the future of money? In our world plastic,
some people started shaving off small amounts of the which was once considered useful but otherwise worthless,
precious metals which the coins contained. has now become most valuable. In fact, the plastic credit
The development of paper money was first introduced by cards you carry tell more about you than the cash in your
the Chinese in the 9th century but curiously didn't catch on wallet. As with all other systems, plastic has problems: multi-
in Europe until the 17th century. Paper money is, in real billion dollar computer frauds, the temptation to live beyond
terms, worthless. Like coins these days, it is merely a your means and the automated machines which sometimes
'promise to pay the bearer' from the government. The swallow your precious plastic. The French started using a
problems of paper money have also been many. The value 'smart' card - that is, a card which contains a microchip
which it truly represents varies constantly according to holding extensive data about its user. Like information,
inflation. Violent bank robberies are committed almost daily money has become quite simply an electronic code in the
in order to get it. And on top of that, counterfeiters never brain of a computer. Some science-fiction writers predict
seem to stop trying to forge it. that one day computer chips containing all that information
may be grafted into our skin. If that is the case, let's hope
The symbolic value of money
that the truly' cashless' society is far, far off in the future.
In order to stop the counterfeiters, bank notes have
3 In the text there are a few adjectives which end in -able. Use them to shorten the expressions in bold
print.
1 With the introduction of credit cards, worthless plastic became something that is valued .
2 Different bank notes ought to be easy to recognise .
3 The shoes which I bought last year have turned out to be something that will last for a long time
• what slhe spends her/ his money on • if slhe often lends money; who slhe lends it to
• if slhe saves any money; if so, how • if slhe often borrows money; who slhe borrows it from
(bank, cash) and what for • if there is something slhe would like to do or to buy but
• what bills slhe has to pay can't afford to
6a) Read the dialogues and underline the words or phrases relevant to the topic 'Bank services'.
Make similar dialogues of your own. Use the phrases you have underlined.
A: I think we should stop at the bank. A: Good morning. I want to open an account, please?
B: Why? Do we need cash? B: Have you got any accounts with this bank at present?
A: Yes. Remember ... we have to buy some A: No.
souvenirs and we are going to the zoo tomorrow. B: What sort of account do you want to open?
B: You're right. I've forgotten. How much do you A: I'm not sure. I think a savings account will be fine.
think we should get? B: Have you got any identification, sir?
A: I think 100 pounds will be enough. A: Well, I haven't got my passport, but I've got my
B: I think so, too. Let's change 180 dollars then. driving licence. Will that be all right?
A: What's the rate of exchange now? B: Yes, please fill in this form and we will give you a
B: I'm not very sure about that, but every bank new account book.
gives the current rates on its notice board. A: Thank you.
8 Work in pairs. Prepare and act out your dialogues around the following situations:
• share your thoughts with the partner about the dress / suit you would like to buy for your cousin's wedding
party and the present for him / her
• you have to buy a lot of foodstuffs for the coming party, discuss with your partner the shops you are going
to visit, the amount of food you are going to buy
9 Work in small groups or pairs. Look at each other's clothes. What are you all wearing at the moment?
Make sure you can describe each item of clothing, its colour or pattern. What would you be wearing
if it were much colder / hotter today? What do you wear if you want to look extra smart? Ask your
friends to answer these questions.
WRITING
1 Read the rubric below and the letter of complaint. Complete the letter using the phrases given in the box
below.
as soon as possible Also enclosed together with to complain about within two weeks
Your advertisement stated the one I had ordered I hope that I would be grateful if
Liep1i al. 37
LT-3001 Kaunas
Lithuania
Subscriptions Dept.
Books by Post
96 Grove Lane
Douglas IM99 1BQ
England
Dear Sir or Madam,
1 am writing 1.....•......................................... the book which I have just received from your mail
order company.
On November lOth I sent an order form for the book 'Rebecca's Tale' by Sally Bewman.
2....................................... was the required payment to cover the cost of the book, postage and
packing. 3.....•..... : that any book ordered from you would be received
4••••••.•••.•.......••.••..•.•••••••.•••••.••. of placing the order. Not only did I have to wait more than a month,
but the book 1finally received was not 5...................•..........•............... To make matters worse, I
was asked to pay the full price, whereas in your advertisement you state otherwise. I am, therefore,
returning the unwanted copy of 'GCSE Survival Guide' by Nicky Hayes 6 ••..•...•..••••...•.•••.•••••.••••••••
a copy of my original order form.
7.............•.••.•.....••••••.....•.•.••...... you could sort out this matter and send my copy of 'Rebecca's Tale'
8................................................ 9 this kind of mix up and delay will
not occur again with any future orders I place with your company.
Yours faithfully,
, {l;/AlOO CfjJ 0f,'l/{l;U/'ff,~
Jayne Petraityte
2 Read the rubric below and the opening paragraph of the letter of complaint. Write the main part and the
closing of the letter stating your complaints. Use at least five of the linking words / phrases given in the
box and any appropriate expressions.
Gedimino g. 16
LT-4230 Kaisiadorys
Lithuania
Subscriptions Dept.
Goods by Post
21-7 Oxbridge Road
London W5 7SA
England
I am writing to you to complain about the tent which I bought through your mail order catalogue
last week. I am very disappointed with what I received, as it is nothing like the one I saw in your
advertisement.
Yours faithfully,
~~
Kostas Karvelis
accessory I::>k'ses::>rilaksesuaras, priedas intricate I'mtnbt! sudetingas, painus
account I::>'kaunt! sqskaita introduce I,mtr::>'dju:sl ivesti, pradeti
alloy I''i£br! I::>'br! lydinys ivory I'arv::>rildramblio kaulas
bacon I' berbn! riikyti, siidyti lasiniai jar lc!3a:1stiklainis
bar Iba:1 pailgas gabalas laundry I'b:ndrrl skalbykla; skalbiniai
barber I' ba: b::>1vyrllkirpej a(s) lend (lent, lent) !lend! skolinti
barter I'ba:t::>1mainai loose Ilu:sl laisvas
beads lbi:dzJ karoliai luxury I'lAkJ::>rilprabangus, prasmatnus
bearer I'be::>r::>1 turetojas, pateikejas match Im'i£lfl degtukas
belt/belt! didas match Im'i£lfl derintis (apie spalvas)
biscuit I'brskrt! sausainis medieval I,medi'i:vl! vidurarniiq
borrow I'bnr::>u!skolintis microchip I'markr::>u,lflpl mikroschema
bow-tie I, b::>u'tar! peteliske, varlyte (kaklaraistis) moisturiser I'm::>Islf::>,rarz::>1drekinantis kremas
bracelet I' brers1::Jt!apyranke money order I'mAllI ,o:d::>1perlaida, pervedimas
brooch/br::>ulflsage necklace I'neklrsl verinys (perlIL karolit{ ir pan.)
bubble bath l'bAbl ,ba:ElI putos voniai optician/op'tIJn! akiq gydytojas
bunch IbAnlfl puokste; keke overdrafti' ::>uv::>,dra:ft! pereikvoj imas, (kredito) pervirsis
cabbage /'k'i£brdy' kopiistas parka I'pa:bl silta striuke su kapisonu
can Ik'i£n1 skardine (gerimo) pickle /'prkll marinuotos, raugintos darioves I vaisiai
canvas I'k'i£nv::>sldrobe pips I'plpsl pypsejimas
carton I'ka:tn! pakelis, kartono dezute plaster l'pla:st::>1 pleistras
cash Ik'i£fl isgryninti; grynieji pinigai portable I'po:t::>bl!nesiojamas, portatyvus
casual l'k'i£3U::>l! kasdienis, paprastas postage I'p::>ustrdy' pasto islaidos
cattle I'k'i£tl! galvijai precious metall'preJ::>s 'metl! brangusis metal as
cease Isi:sl nustoti predict Ipn'drkt! nuspeti, pranasauti
cereals I'sr::>ri::>lzJgriidai, javai producer Ipr::>'dju: s::>1 gamintojas
charge Ilfa:dy' mokestis refund I'ri:fAild! pinim gr'!zinimas
coin Ik:nn! moneta replacement In'pleIsm::>nt! pakeitimas
commercial !k::>'m3:Jl!reklama ring off l,nI] 'ofl baigti pokalbi telefonu
complaint !k::>m'plemt! skundas, nusiskundimas roll Ir::>ul! bandele
consumer Ibn'sju:m::>1 vartotojas sachet I' S'i£J erl mazas plokSCiaspopierinis I plastikinis maiselis
convey Ibn 'veri perduoti salary l's'i£1::Jrilalga
cordless I'b:dl::>sl belaidis scraf I'ska:f! salikas, kaklajuoste
counter l'kaunt::>1 prekystalis science-fiction I, saI::>ns'flkI nI moksline fantastika
counterfeiter I'kaunt::>frt::>1klastotojas, padirbinetojas screwdriver I'skru:,drarv::>1 atsuktuvas
data I' delt::>1duomenys shawl IJo:l! skara, salis
delay Idr'lerl uzgaisimas skull IskAl! kaukole
deposit IdI'poZlt! deti i bank,!, atiduoti saugoti smart card I,sma:t'ka:d! elektronine kreditine kortele
discountl'dIs,kaunt! nuolaida standing order l,st'i£ndII] 'o:d::>1pervedimas
durable I'dju::>r::>bl!tvirtas, pastovus, ilgalaikis statement I'stertm::>nt! pranesimas
enclose Im'kl::>uzJ ideti subtract Is::>b'tr'i£kt! atimti
exchange Irks 'If emdy' apsikeisti suit Isu:t! tikti, dereti
extensive Irk'stenslvl platus, issamus suspenseful Is::>'spensfl! i temptas
feather I'fee::>1plunksna swallow I'swol::>ul nuryti, praryti
fill in 1,[11'In! uzpildyti tight Itart! siauras, ankstas
fit Ifrt! tikti (pagal dydi) tin Itm! skardine (kons. maisto ar dail{)
fitting room I'fltII] ,ru:m! matavimosi kabina tissue I'tIJU:, 'trsju:1 popierine servetele
footwear I'futwe::>1avalyne torch Ito:lfl zibintuvelis
forge Ihdy' suklastoti, padirbti tracksuit I'tr'i£k,su:t! sportinis kostiumas
fraud Ifr::>:d! apgavikas, sukCius trade Itreld! prekiauti
full stop I,ful'stop! taskas tryon I, traI' on! pasimatuoti
garage I'g'i£ra:3, 'g'i£ndy' automobiliq remonto dirbtuves tub ItAbl kibirelis
glue Iglu:1 klijai; klijuoti tube Itju: bl tiibele
graft Igra:ft! persodinti (audinD underwear I'And::>,we::>1apatiniai riibai
hammer l'h'i£m::>1plaktukas wear (wore, worn) Iwe::>1deveti, nesioti
interest I'mtr::>st! paliikanos withdrawal IWle'dro:::>l!isemimas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
shopping facilities
bookshop l'buk,Jopl knygynas; boutique Ibu:'ti:kl madingtt brangill riibll parduotuve; children swear I'tfrldr;;mz,wedl
vaikiski riibai; china I'tfamdl porcelianas; clothes !ready-made clothes Iklduov drabuiiai, apdarai; cosmetics Ikoz'metrksl
cutlery /'kAtldril stalo irankiai; department store universaline parduotuve; domestic electric appliances buitiniai
elektros prietaisai; fabrics I'frebnksl medziagos, audiniai; florist's I flower shop gelitt parduotuve; furniture l'f3:nrtfdl
baldai; furs If3:z/ kailiai; glassware I'gla:s,wedl stiklo prekes; haberdashery l'hrebd,dreJdrii galanterija; hardware store
I ironmonger's ukines prekes; household goods I'haus,hduldl namll apyvokos reikmenys; jeweller's 1'd.3u:dldzl
juvelyriniai dirbiniai; kiosk; news agent's I news-stand (Am E) spaudos kioskas; kitchenware I'krtfdn,wedl virtuves
reikmenys; ladieswear I'lerdrz,wedl moteriski drabuziai; lingerie /'lren3dril mot. apatiniai rubai; market I'mo:krtl
turgus, prekyviete; menswear I'menz,wedl vyriski drabuziai; pet shop naminill gyvlinll parduotuve; second-hand store
naudotll prekill parduotuve; self - service shop savitarnos parduotuve; shoes I footwear I'futwedl avalyne; shopping
centre prekybos centras; sportswear and equipment sportine avalyne ir iranga; stationery l'sterJnril kanceliarines
prekes; supermarket l'su:pd,mo:kIt! prekybos centras; toiletries I't:nldtriv tualeto reikmenys, parfumerija; toy shop
zaislll parduotuve
food shops
baker's I'berbv duonos parduotuve; butcher's l'butfdV mesas parduotuve; confectioner's Iconfectionary konditerija;
dairy products I' de;}ril pieno produktai;· drinks I off-licence I' of,larsnsl alkoholiniai gerimai; greengrocer's I'gri:ngrdusdv
darZovillparduotuve; grocer's I'grdusdv bakaleja; tobacconist's Itd'brebnrstsl tabako gaminiai
names of clothes
anorak I'rend,rrek! silta striuke; blouse Iblauz/ palaidinuke; coat Ibut! paltas, apsiaustas; culottes Ikju:'lotsl kelnes-
sijonas; denims I jeans ld.3i:nv dzinsai; dress Idresl suknele; hat Ihret! skrybele; overalls kombinezonas; overcoat
apsiaustas; polo-neck (sweater) I'PdUldU ,nek! golfas; raincoat I'rern,but! lietpaltis; shirt IJ3:t! marskiniai; shorts I
J:>:tsl sortai; skirt Isk3:t! sijonas; socks Isoksl puskojines; stockings I'stokIl)v kojines; suit Isu:t! kostiumas;
sweater I'swetdl megztinis, nertinis; tights Itartsl pedkelnes; trousers I'trauzdv kelnes; waistcoat liemene; windcheater
I'wrnd,t;fi:t;;ll lengva striuke
underwear
bra Ibm:1 liemenukas; panties (Am E) / knickers I'nrbv mot., vaik. kelnaites; nighties I'nartrzl naktiniai marskineliai;
pyjamas Ip;;l'd.3a:mdv pizama; slip Islrpl apatinukas; trunks ItrAl)ksl glaudes; T-shirt l'ti:J3: portiniai marskineliai;
underpants I'Andd,prentsl vyr. apatines kelnaites; vest Ivest! berankoviai marskineJiai; liemene (Am E)
footwear
boots /bu:tsl batai (auliniai); flip-flops pliazines basutes (be uzkulnil{); shoes IJu:v batai. a eliai: slippers I'SlrpdV
slepet6s; trainers I sneakers (Am E) sportiniai bateliai; high heels I,har'hi:lv aukstakulniai a:eliai
style
long-sleeved ilgomis rankovemis; short-sleeved trumpom rankovem; sleeveless be rcnko i ~ Y-neck I'vi:,nek! V
formos iskirpte; round-neck apvalios formos iskirpte
material I texture
cotton I'kotnl medvilninis; medvilne; denim I'denrm/ dzinsinis audinys; leather 1'leo'Jl I : silk Isrlk! silkinis;
silkas; suede Iswerd/ zomsinis; zomsas; velvet I'velvrt! aksominis; aksomas; woollen I'wu.:r:: •.-,;Jonis: wool vilna
pattern
checked Itfektllanguotas; flowery I'flau;;lriJ geldas; plain Iplern! lygus; polka-dotted I'po .b.d. - D ' taskuotas; striped
I~tralptl dryiu()ta~, jU()~tu()ta~',tartan I't<l·.tllllanguota skotiska mediiaga
household articles
bottle I'botl/ butelis; cup lkApl puodelis; dish IdrJI indas; fork 1fJ:k! sakut6; frying-pan l'fraul),prenl keptuve; glass Iglo:sl
stikline; jar 1d.30:1stiklainis; knife Inarfl peilis; matchesl'mretfrzl degtukai; plate Iplert! lekste; pot/pot! puodas; saucepan
/'S:>:SPdnlpuodas su ilga rankena; saucer I's:>:sdl lekstute (po puodeliu); spoon Ispu:nI saukstas; string Istnl)l virve
foodstuffs (see Unit 10 Food and Drink)
we can buy
a box of matches; a packet of biscuits pakeli sausainill; a bar of chocolate plytel« sokolado; a can of Coca-Cola; a tin
of sardines sardinill dezut«; a jar of honey stiklaini medaus; a dozen eggs tuzinll (12) kiausinill; a carton of milk I cream
I popcorn; a kilo of bananas; a pound of meat svarll mesos; a loaf of bread kepalll duonos; a pair of shoes I some shoes;
a pair of trousers; a bottle of perfume buteliukll kvepalll; a tube of toothpaste; a bar of soap muilo gabaleli; a bunch
of roses
Vegetables .
Cereals .
Dairy products .
Fish .
Fruits and berries .
Herbs .
Meat .
aubergine, bacon, barley, basil, beans, blackberries, chicken, cream, dill, gooseberries, grapes, herring, yoghurt,
lamb, maize, mint, mustard, mutton, onions, parsley, pear, peas, plaice, rabbit, rice, rye, salmon, sausage, thyme,
trout, veal, lemon
3 Choose the adjectives from the list to describe each of the foods. You may use some adjectives more than
once. The adjectives delicious, tempting and nasty can be used for different foods depending on individual
taste.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Read the text. Fill each of the blanks with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word only
once.
school kids, this is breakfast. 5 than 50, 000 8-10 year-aIds miss food in the morning and arrive
6•••..•••...•..•...• school tired, empty and irritable. And 7 •••••••••.••••••••• are the prospects for healthy eating at school?
Many schools now have a 'canteen culture', 8 ••.•..••....•••..•• kids have a choice. And when 9 •..•••..••••..•••.. bell
goes, they opt for a pizza and chips 10 .•.......•••••••••• of salad and fish. When you're still young, you feel immortal,
untouched 11 .......•..•.•....••••.• 'adult' concerns of obesity and heart disease. The Heart Foundation 12 ..••..•••••••••••••
just launched a campaign to show 13....•....••..•••..• bad habits formed when we're young are often the root causes
of heart problems when we're older.
Modem eating habits are 14 •••••.••..•••..•••. destructive. Today's children are more at risk of developing osteoporosis,
heart and respiratory diseases and 15••••••••••••••..•.• forms of cancer than their parents and grandparents. They also
face the dilemmas of eating genetically-modified food (GMOs) 16 ••••.•.••..•••••••• organic products containing no
artificial chemicals - an increasingly popular option in Britain.
2 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has a word which should
not be there, write the word next to the number of the line.
3 Use a word in brackets to form a word that fits suitably in the space. Make any necessary changes.
The first has been done as an example.
The Sandwich
It seems strange that the modest and (0 democracy) ..... .4~1JJ.Q~r.qtir:.
.... sandwich was the (1 invent)
.......................... of an aristocrat. The Earl of Sandwich, the head of the British navy, was a (2 passion)
.......................... card-player. In 1762, during a 24-hour (3 gamble) session, he got hungry.
So he picked a piece of beef and popped it between two slices of bread. Then he carried on (4 play)
....................... while eating what was to become Britain's biggest (5 contribute) to
gastronomy. The word soon entered the English language. In 1762, the famous (6 history) .
Edward Gibbon wrote about a restaurant where 'twenty or thirty of the 'first men' in the (7 king)
.......................... could be seen having supper at little tables upon a bit of cold meat, or a Sandwich'. Today the
sandwich is (8 enjoy) by all classes and both sexes. In fact, almost every office (9 work)
.......................... in the country has one for lunch. It is either plain or toasted, on (10 tradition) .
British bread, Italian ciabatta, French bread or Middle East pitta. Popular (11 fill) include
tuna salad with mayonnaise, prawn cocktail with avocado, cheese and pickle. Cucumber sandwiches are
(12 probable) the most uniquely British type of sandwiches.
4 Put the words in the right order to make a dialogue. Capitalise and punctuate the words where necessary.
1 Read the text and fill in the summary with the proper words that suit the content of the text. The
words should not be necessarily taken from the text. Use one or two words only.
GREASE
Greasy spoons* very rarely appear in guidebooks, but walks of life. Poets, drop-outs*, hurrying businessmen,
they are an essential part of life in the UK, especially for students lazing around with huge mugs of tea. Some read
people living in the bigger cities. Current's Sam Jordisan novels, some stare into space, and others catch up on the
sings the praises of this great British institution. day's news. There will be young couples staring into each
other's eyes or lonely old men coming out for a change of
Cafe life in Britain
scene. At weekends there will always be large groups of
In London, the capital city of the greasy spoon, there are
friends, recovering from a night on the town. They are all
hundreds and hundreds, fuelling the population with bacon,
united by one thing: the food. They are all looking for some
eggs and sausages. These small restaurants are so common
seriously stodgy grub*.
and everyday - like baked beans or phone boxes - that they
are barely even noticed, but if greasy spoons were removed, The food
the country would be on its knees. The meals are dangerously unhealthy, and absolutely
Greasy spoon cafes are so called because any cutlery that delicious. All kinds of fried food can be bought for incredibly
comes into contact with the food on offer is immediately low prices. The centrepiece is usually the traditional English
coated with a sticky, greasy layer of lard*. It almost seems breakfast. Although it's called a breakfast, it takes a brave
like an oily mist hangs in the air, as if fat drips from the soul to eat it first thing in the morning, because it is huge.
walls. More calories can be found in a cup of tea in a good At least two pieces of bacon, two sizzling sausages, two
greasy spoon than in a whole meal at a normal restaurant. fried eggs (sunny side up), fried mushrooms, baked beans
and bread soaked in hot oil and fried. The very finest greasy
The setting
spoons will also offer several pieces of black pudding -
Greasy spoons are generally found slightly away from the
surprisingly tasty, considering that it's made from - wait for
main streets of most towns, on the shabbier* roads. Always
it - dried pigs' blood and lard.
a bit dirty and down at heel, they usually have large (grease
The English breakfast is full of meat and fat. If you want
coated) glass windows, a plastic sign with the name of the
something less filling, there's still a lot to choose from;
cafe - usually containing the name of the owner eg Mario's,
particular specialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches
Bob's Place, Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a wide
(or of course, bacon and egg sandwiches). There is also
variety of artery clogging* delights.
often a range of vegetarian sausages and burgers.
Inside they are generally clean, functional and scruffy*.
Greasy spoons have some devoted followers. Tapping
You'll see old wooden seats, tables covered with cracked
'Greasy Spoon' into an internet search engine* will bring
linoleum and plain walls. Each table has on it a bottle of
up a hundreds of entries. One of the best sites is http://
brown sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of salt
www.greasy spoon. co. uk!. With pictures, reviews, menus
and pepper. In the background, behind a chipped counter,
and stories, it's the next best thing to going to a greasy
are huge gleaming tea urns* and a steaming kitchen where
spoon cafe yourself. But of course, nothing can beat going
the gruff* chefs work their magic.
to a real one - especially on an empty stomach.
The people
In a typical greasy spoon, you will find people from all
GLOSSARY:
a greasy spoon: a cheap restaurant specialising in fried food; lard: pig fat used in cooking; to be shabby: to be in poor
condition through much use or being badly cared for; to clog: to block; scruffy: untidy or dirty; an urn: a large container
in which liquid can be heated and stored; gruff: rough and unfriendly; a drop-out: someone who leaves conventional
society; stodgy grub: sticky, heavy and filling food (slang); internet search engine: a website that allows you to search
the internet
In a Restaurant
Waiter: Good evening, sir ... madam. Shall I take your coats?
Mr Brown: Thank you. Where shall we sit, Jane?
W: Oh, would you like to sit over here, sir? Near the window!
Mr B: Ah, yes ... Could we see the menu?
W: Yes, certainly. Here it is.
Mr B: What would you like for a starter?
Mrs B: Mm ... I think I'll have the prawn salad. I'm very fond of prawns. What about you?
Mr B: I'm not sure. I can't decide.
Mrs B: Oh, I'd have the trout, if! were you. You always say that you like trout, and you haven't had it for
a long time.
W: Are you ready to order, sir?
MrB: Yes ... a prawn cocktail for my wife and the trout for me.
W: And the main course, sir?
Mr B: Veal for my wife. I can't decide between the veal and the chicken. What do you recommend?
W: Oh, if I were you, I'd have the veal.
Mr B: OK! I'll take it. And two mixed salads, please.
W: Any vegetables, sir?
Mr B: Yes. Some cauliflower, some tomatoes and some boiled potatoes, please.
W: Anything to follow?
MrB: Yes, we'd like a bottle of dry white wine.
W: May I suggest something?
MrB: Of course.
W: Why don't you try a bottle of English wine? You'll be surprised ... it's very good.
9 Work in small groups. Design a suitable meal for your new boyfriend who is a vegetarian; for your ten-
year-old sister's birthday party; for a romantic evening; for a friend who is on a diet; for your brother on
the occasion of his graduation from the university. The meal should consist of at least three courses.
• Lithuanian national food and eating traditions. How would you describe the Lithuanian cuisine? Give a recipe
of your favourite dish.
• What are your favourite foods? Can you cook anything yourself? Do you ever use cookbooks and try recipes
from magazines or TV programmes?
• The food in your school canteen. Is the choice big enough? Are there any offers of junk food on the menu?
What would you change if you were the head of the canteen?
11 Study the given menu and then role-play the situation with your partner. One of you is the waiter /
waitress (A), and the other person (B) would like to have lunch in the restaurant.
A B
• meet the customer • tell the waiter where you'd like to sit
• ask about the main course, recommend some dish • order a starter and the main course
• inquire about the dessert • choose the dessert
• ask if everything was okay and bring the bill • ask for the bill
1 a) Andrew went for dinner with his girlfriend. However, he was not satisfied with many aspects of the
restaurant. He read the advertisement carefully and made the notes. Then, he wrote a letter of
complaint to the manager of the restaurant, covering the points in his notes and adding some relevant
information. Read the letter. Underline the sentences covering the points in Andrew's notes.
Relax in <t€::
open :ili>
Enjoy steaks of<@me qua@p
<WIde select19D>ofmouth-watering desserts
c@asona~rices
Hospitable Staff / ~ci~ Se .
You'll find the Fleet Inn & Restaurant at
Twyning-on-Avon, situated some 2V2 miles from
Tewkesbury in delightful Gloucestershire countryside.
22 Church Road
Longlevens
Gloucester GL33QN
I am writing to complain about the dinner we had at your restaurant on Friday 13th May. Unfortunately, it was
nothing like what we expected.
To begin with, the dishes we ordered were not tasty because of being overdone. The steakes were so burnt that it was
impossible to eat them. Furthermore, even though the ice-cream we had ordered was delicious, it was the only choice
we could make. While in your advertisement you state that you have a wide range of desserts.
I would also like to complain about the prices which were far from reasonable. Contrary to what was stated in your
advertisement, we found everything outrageously priced.
To make matters worse it began to rain. As the system of setting up a marquee was out of order we had to move
indoors, which was hot and stuffy.
Finally, I would like to point out that though your staff were very hospitable, they came rather late to serve us.
Taking into consideration all the above, I demand a full refund. I feel sure that this matter will receive your prompt
attention.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
dltufM.w,~
Ib) What kind of language does the writer use to make his complaints and show his feelings? Tick which of
the following apply and underline the expressions in the letter to prove your choice.
2 You saw this advertisement in a magazine and decided to try the diet. However, two months later you
are not satisfied with the results, as you have realised that the advertisement was misleading. Read
the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then, write a letter of complaint of 120-150 words
to the company which advertised the diet, covering the points in your notes and adding any relevant
information.
3 Study the checklist for healthy eating and carry out a survey on eating habits in your group. Then
write a survey report referring to the guidelines given in Unit 11 on p. 120.
4 Read the jumbled recipe (A-D) and put it in the correct order. Then write the recipe of your favourite
Lithuanian dish.
5 Read the letter giving advice and making suggestions. Rewrite it filling in the gaps with the most
suitable phrases given below. Some phrases suit more than one gap.
I strongly advise you to ... If I were you, I'd . In my opinion, you should .
How I what about ... ? It would be wise to . I suggest that you should .
Why don't you ... ? I think you'd better . The way I see it, you can .
It would be a good idea to ... What I always find helpful is ...
Another thing I suggest you do is ... I've given your problem a lot of thought ...
Dear Judy,
It was nice to hear from you. I was sorry to find out that you feel so depressed about your
weight. (I) and I hope the following advice will be of some help to you.
Firstly, (2) keep away from all strict diets that our women's magazines are full
of Most of these diets just don't work. (3) eat more vegetables, fruit and low fat
dairy products which are really slimming. (4) have a diet yoghurt instead of a fattening
sandwich? Have in mind that starvation and crash diets (it's when you want to lose weight in a
very short time) are not as effective as a well-balanced vegetarian diet. Moreover, (5) .
avoid sugary drinks, to say nothing of desserts and other sweet things. I know that you've got a
sweet tooth but try to hold back from cakes and biscuits. Furthermore, (6) kick the
habit of having snacks between meals or late at night.
(7) taking more sport. Exercising helps to get into shape and lose some weight.
As far as clothes are concerned, don't trouble yourself too much. You dress fashionably, so just
wear what you've got and try to be easy-going and relaxed. Be yourself!
Well, that's all the advice I can give you. I hope I've been of some help to you. Keep in touch
and let me know how everything turns out.
With love,
Aunt Helen
CI~D
cEtter~
3 Complete the collocations below by adding an appropriate noun. Some can combine with more than
one noun.
1 Insert the preposition which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
1 Winter sets in at the end December our parts. After a hard frost the rivers and ponds
are frozen When the temperature falls twenty five degrees zero it gets freezing
cold.
2 It was bright the morning, but it became quite dark later.
3 The day started clear, but became cloudy midday.
4 It looks like rain: the sky is covered dark clouds, a cold wind is blowing the sea.
5 It's a lovely picture when everything is covered hoarfrost and glistens the sun.
6 I prefer to stay indoors rainy weather.
7 Nature looks its best early spring.
8 Indian summer is a short period warm sunny weather the beginning autumn.
9 The temperature has fallen zero and it is freezing.
10 If the weather is fine, we can go the country Sunday.
11 Many people are fond winter sports.
12 It's pouring rain. You'd better stay indoors.
2 Read the text and look carefully at each line. In most of the lines there is an extra word that does not
fit there. Underline the word and write it on the right. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). The first two
are given as examples.
Dolphins are not an only animals besides humans that use o thf? .
sounds in an apparent intelligent manner. Whales also use 1 .
a complex system of sounds that is similar in much ways 2 .
into a human language. One type of whale even sings, and its 3 .
songs can go on for as longer as three or four hours. What is 4 .
more, they can been heard under water at distances of more
than 300 kilometres.
Chimpanzees uses a system of different sounds to cOlIlJIlunicate 6 .
with each other. One type of cry is seeming to mean something 7 .
like 'danger in the air' or 'big bird' and another apparently mean 8 .
'danger on the ground' or 'snake'. The first cry causes they to 9 .
hide in holes or under trees and looking up in the sky. When 10 .
they hear a second cry, they hide in the upper branches of trees 11 .
and stare nervously at the grass.
4 Read the text carefully. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence.
There (0 be) (?r.~ a lot of reasons why it is (00 importance) ..impfll:tant to save rainforests. One is that
many plants which could be (1 use) in medicine (2 grow) in the rainforest. We (3 not /
know) all the plants yet - there are thousands and thousands of them. (4 Research) are
trying to discover their secrets before they (5 destroy) The problem is that less than 50% of the
world's rainforests (6 exist) today. The rest (7 already disappear) .
Rainforests (8 have) an important effect on the earth's climate. They are a (9 nature) .
habitat for many species of animals, birds, insects and plants. We mustn't forget that plants produce oxygen,
which is necessary for (10 live) on Earth. They also control the earth's temperature by (11 absorb)
............... carbon dioxide. People (12 not / do) enough to save rainforests. Many (13 science)
............... believe that temperatures (14 already rise) If the polar caps (15 melt) , the level
of the sea (16 rise) and cause terrible floods. We must do everything we can to prevent (17 globe)
............... warming, and that (18 include) preserving the rainforests!
GREEN ISSUES
Young people today are more aware of the environment I think that the Earth has a way of getting round these
than ever before. This is the first really 'green' generation. things.
But there are so many different green issues. There's the B Sophie, 15
greenhouse effect, acid rain, air pollution, nuclear waste, I worry most about the rainforest. We learnt about it in
habitat destruction ... the list seems to go on forever. geography. Too much is being cut down for the benefit of
Which of these seems to you the most important, the most rich corporations. It is difficult to replant once it is cut
urgent? Mark Farrell asked some teenagers in London down, because the nutrients in the soil are washed away.
about their green priorities. The forest houses so many varieties of birds and other
A Nick, 17 animals that do not exist anywhere else in the world. When
I'm a member of Greenpeace, and I go on any protest they lose their home, they become extinct. We should grow
marches or things that they might organise. I think the our own supply of trees if we want to cut them down to
most important issue is nuclear power. The waste that it make paper. The other thing that bothers me is pollution
creates is not being disposed of satisfactorily. This is a in the city. I go to school in London, where there's a
problem because it takes so long - like thousands of years disgusting grey smog most of the time. In the future people
- to become safe. There's no acceptable way to store it in will be working from home with computers. So there won't
that time. For example, at the moment it's buried in the be so much traffic and so much pollution. I'm going to
ground, and yet it's destroying the soil where it's buried. work from home I hope. In the meantime, I think more
I mean, we can't predict what will happen in the future. If people should take a bus, or walk, or ride a bike instead of
anybody happens to dig it up, it will destroy all the land driving in their own cars.
around. I think the government should close down the e James, 17
nuclear plants and stop producing nuclear waste. It's At the moment what's affecting us most is the greenhouse
difficult to say what should happen about the waste that effect, the climate changes all over the world, reduced
is in existence at the moment. But definitely production rainfall, higher water levels, things like that. It's being
should stop. I do think it's important to look at the issues caused by old fridges, aerosol cans ... but I'd say the main
now. Nuclear waste could potentially cause irreversible offenders are probably things like cars and coal-powered
damage. But overall I would say that I am fairly optimistic. power stations.
Obviously they should try and make things more efficient much. It's not worth voting for the Green Party, because
within the power stations, and encourage people to be they're so small. And the other parties don't want to do
more efficient in their homes. We need research and anything serious because it would be unpopular. I
development into other sources of power such as solar suppose in the end things will get so bad that they'll just
power, wind power and wave power. Nuclear energy is an ha ve to do something.
alternative, but in the long run we could end up regretting E Nadia,17
it.
The main problem in my opinion is building roads, cities,
I use CFC-free aerosols. I like to recycle and things like factories, car parks, airports. Agriculture is bad as well.
that, so resources aren't wasted - cans, bottles, papers, Soon there won't be any real countryside left. We're not
magazines, and anything like that I can find that will leaving room for wildlife to survive. Habitat is the most
recycle and that I don't need any more. I am optimistic. I important thing for animals and plants. You can't save
believe there's probably a wind of change. species by having a few individual animals in zoos around
D Claudia, 19 the world.
There are lots of environmental problems - the greenhouse I'm particularly sad about the tiger. I think it's the most
effect, acid rain, the hole in the ozone layer, and so on. beautiful animal in the world. I just love to see tigers
There's also air pollution causing asthma. And there's moving about - even on TV They're so elegant and so
nuclear waste and other kinds of toxic waste. But my strong. They used to be hunted a lot, but that's not the
problem is that I don't feel I can do anything about it problem these days. Now they don't really have enough
myself. It's all so big and out of control. of their own habitat left. Their forest is being used for
For one thing, how can you have clear opinions about all agriculture. It's so sad ifthere isn't enough room on Earth
these scientific things? You would have to be an expert for humans and tigers.
on nuclear energy, on the weather, on chemistry, on At the same time, I love cars. I'm learning to drive at the
everything. moment, and I would like a car when I get a job. I know
And another thing - only the politicians are in a position that cars are part of the problem. But it's hard to apply
to do anything about it, and they don't seem to care that your ideas to your own life, isn't it?
2 Highlight the following words in the text, look them up in a dictionary and write a sentence of your
own with each of these words.
4 Work in small groups. Discuss these statements. Which do you agree / disagree with? Why? Such
phrases as 'I agree strongly', 'I agree', 'It depends', 'I (totally) disagree', 'I'm afraid I don't agree with
you' can be of use.
• Animals should be kept in zoos.
• People shouldn't buy clothes made of animal fur or leather.
• It is wrong to kill animals for food.
r.
/.
~.
Hunting and fishing are good, natural sports.
Governments should spend more money to save rare animals that are in danger of becoming extinct.
Millions of people starve to death every year. Governments should spend less money on animals and more
money on people.
_:. The world has become a better place to live in because of economic growth and development.
I.·r.
• The motor car was a terrible invention.
It's better to live in a big city than in the country.
Any effort to save the world must start at home. There are lots of things you can do on a personalleveI.
• the reasons why people keep pets • the threats to the environment
• the most common pets kept in this country • the ways of protecting endangered species
• unusual pets some people keep and why • the influence of the weather on your mood
6 Study the list of things that we face or consume every day. First pick the top five - the ones that you
feel are vitally important. Then in small groups discuss what you think we should or shouldn't do and
also give the reason why. Make use of the sentence starters given in the box and make full sentences.
Use the verbs like give, sort, recycle, dispose of, consume etc.
WRITING
You should start your report by pointing out the recipient's name, the writer's name and the subject of your
report. To: .
From: .
Subject: .
Reports are organised in paragraphs which usually have sub-headings. Sub-headings are not used when
writing news reports. A formal and impersonal style is normally used for all types of reports. Do not forget
that the formal style includes: impersonal- not colloquial or chatty language; only facts - not insignificant
details; use of reporting verbs and passive voice.
Below there is a plan of a report which can be used when assessing the good and bad points of something or
when reporting on some general theme.
MrJohnson
(the editor)
From: Alice Brown
Subject: Excursion to the zoo
1 .. Jntr.Q.4.l!.c;(i(H1; .
This report describes an excursion to the zoo, which was organised for Mrs Smith's
Biology class. The excursion took place on Wednesday 19th September. Underwater
2 . World
As soon as we arrived, a zoo official greeted us and led us to an amphitheatre
where we were shown interesting slides of some endangered species and animals
which are on the verge of extinction. Each of us was given a map of the zoo in
case we got lost.
3 .
After that, we were taken to the aquarium, where we were shown many different species of marine life. Even
though the sharks were extremely interesting, most of the students enjoyed watching the piranhas being fed.
Furthermore, we were given the opportunity to touch the dolphins as well as feed them.
4 .
After we had lunch, we were taken on a tour of the Reptile Word. The reptiles varied in sizes and shapes, but
what really got everybody's attention was a man who was extracting the venom from a snake.
S .
Before we were taken back to our bus, we were given badges and posters as souvenirs and were invited to
visit the zoo again.
6 .
In general, it was a very busy and tiring day, but from my point of view it was extremely useful and interesting.
We all had a good chance to learn a lot about many different kinds of animals.
You have carried out a survey among your school students to find out how they think your school could
help the environment. Write a report for the headteacher of the school saying what you have found out
and making suggestions for the actions to be taken by the school.
It is important that everyone does whatever they can to protect the environment. 1•..•••••..•..••••...••..•... ,
everyone can take part in recycling. If the local council placed recycling bins for aluminium cans,
bottles and paper on every street, residents would be more willing to do their part in recycling because
the bins would be near their homes. 2 ••••.••..•••••••••..••.•••• , the residents of a neighbourhood could get
together to plant trees and clean their parks once a month. 3 , local schools should
organise days out to the parks and clean them up. 4••.••..•..••••.•.•...•..•.. , advertisements promoting the
protection of the environment should be put up around the neighbourhood in order to remind everyone
to be environmentally friendly. 5 , it is clear that everyone can help to protect the
environment, and they can start by keeping their neighbourhood clean. If everyone made an effort, we
would definitely live in a much cleaner world.
acid I'resrdl rilgscil!, rilgstus jam Ic5rem/ spiistis, sangrilda, kamstis
affect I;)'fektl (pa)veikti;paliesti layer I'ler;)1 sluoksnis, klodas
apparent I;)'prer;)ntl matomas, aiskus leather 1'lea;)1 oda, odinis
assess I;)'sesl ivertinti litter I' ht;)1 siuksles
bargain I'bo:grn/ sekmingas pirkinys; sanderis; deretis mammal I'mremll zinduolis
ban Ibren/ (uz)drausti marine Im;)'ri:nl jiifl!,jiirinis
benefit I'benrfrtl nauda, pelnas measure I'me3;)1 priemone
bin Ibrnl deze, konteineris . nutrient I'nju:tri;)ntl maistinga medziaga
biodegradable I,bar;)udr'grerd;)bll mikroorganizml! offender 1;)'fend;)1 pazeidejas, nusikalteIis
(su)skaidomas overcast I';)uv;),ka:stl apsiniaukt(s, debesuotas
bitterly I'brt;)lil labai, smarkiai, baisiai oxygen I' oksrc5;)n/ deguonis
bury I'beril (pa)laidoti, uzkasti(zemeje) persuade Ip;)'swerdl itikinti; ikalbeti
carbon dioxide I,ko:bn dar'oksardl anglies dvideginis pollution Ip;)'lu:Jnl (su)tersimas, tarsa
cast-off I,ko:st 'ofl nedevimas drabuzis pouring I'p:l:nIJI smarkus (apie lietl{);liiitingas
cause Ib:z/ 15iitipriezastimi, sukelti preserve Iprr'z3:vl (is)saugoti; islaikyti
CFC I,si: ef 'si:1 chlorofluormetanas, freonas prevent Ipn'ventl (su)trukdyti, uzkirsti keli,!
coal Ibull akmens anglis priority Iprar'or;)til pirmumas, svarbiausias dalykas
consume Ibn'sju:m/ sunaudoti, suvartoti profit I'profrtl nauda, pelnas
contribute Ibn'trrbju:tl prisideti, tureti itakos public I'pAblrk/ viesas, visuomeninis
damage I'dremrdj nuostolis, zala; zaloti rainforest I'rern.forrstl atogr,!zl.! miskas
deciduous Idr'srdju;)sl lapuotis recipient Irr'srpi;)nt! gavejas
descendant Idr'send;)ntl palikuonis, iPedinis recycle Iri:'sarkll perdirbti, pakartotinai panaudoti
disaster Idr'zo:st;)1 nelaime, neganda, katastrofa (gamybos atliekas)
dispose Idrs'p;)uz/ atsikratyti, sutvarkyti reduce In' dju:sl (su)mazinti, (su)silpninti
downpour I'daun,p:l:1 liiitis reptile I'rep, taIlI roplys, sliauzikas
efficient /r'frInt! veiksmingas, efektyvus research Irr's3:tfl tyri(neji)mas; mokslo tiriamasis darbas
endangered Irn'dernc5;)dl esantis pavojuje, nykstantis resources In'z:l:srz/ istekliai, resursai, atsargos
environment Irn'varr:mm;)nt! aplinka, aplinkuma sleet Isli:tl slapdriba, sniegdriba
excess I'eks;)sl papildomas, virsijantis norm'! scorching I'sb:tfrIJI deginantis, svilinantis
excess /rk'sesl perteklius, pervirsis smog IsmDgl smogas (ruko ir dum/{ bei suodii/{ misinys)
exhaust /rg 'z:l:stl ismetimas, isleidimas solar l's;)ul;)1 saules
extinct /rk'strIJktl ismin;s, isnykt(s soil IS:lrll dirva, dirvozemis, gruntas
feed (fed, fed) lfi:dl maitinti, valgydinti, serti source IS:l:sl saltinis; istaka
flood /flAdl potvynis, tvanas species I'spi:Ii:z/ rilsis, atmaina, veisle
freezing I'fri:zrIJI labai saltas, ledinis spell Ispell trump as laikotarpis, periodas
frost Ifrostl saltis, speigas starve Isto:vl badauti, alkti
fuel l'fju:;)l1 kuras, degalai supply Is;)'plar/ atsarga, kiekis
fumes I'fju:mz/ diimai, garai survey l's3:ver/ apzvalga; apklausa
fur l'f;):1 kailis; kailinis survey Is;)'ver, 's3:ver/ apzvelgti, istirti
generation l,c5;)n;)'rerInl karta, generacija survive Is;)'varvl islikti gyvam, gyvuoti
glisten I'ghsnl blizgeti, spindeti, zvilgeti teenager l'ti:n,erc5;)1 paauglys
greenhouse I'gri:n,hausl siltnamis, oranzerija threat 18ret! gresme
habitat I'hrebr,tretl (augalo, gyvuno) tevyne, buveine traffic I'trrefrk/ eismas,judejimas
hibernate I'harb;),nertl rniegoti ziemos miegu unleaded IAn'ledrdl be svino (apie benzinq)
hoar·frost I'h:l:,frostl serksnas venom I'ven;)m/ nuodai (gyvates)
humid I'hju:mrdl dregnas ir siltas (apie orq, klimatq) verge l'v3:c51 krastas, riba
influence I'rnflu;)nsl itaka, poveikis vital I'vartll gyvybiskai svarbus
insect I'rnsekt! vabzdys vote Iv;)utl balsuoti
invertebrate Irn'V3:trbr;)tl bestuburis waste (products) I'werst! atliekos, likuCiai, atrnatos
irreversible l,rrr'V3:s;)bll negriztamas waste I'werstl veltui eikvoti, svaistyti
issue I'rIu:, 'rsju:1 svarstoma problema, gincas wildlife I'warld,larfl laukiniai gyviinai, gyviinija ir augalija
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
animals
antelope I'rentI,I;mpl antilope; badger l'bred3;JI barsukas; bear Ibe;JI lokys, meska; beaver I'bi:v;JI bebras; camell'kremV
kupranugaris; cheetah l'tfi:t;JI gepardas; deer (pI. deer) IdI;JI elnias; dolphin I'doIfml deIfinas; elephant l'elIf;Jnt! dramblys;
elk leIkJ briedis; ferret I'fent! seskas; fox Ifoksl lape; giraffe 1d3;"l'ra:fl zirafa; guinea pig l'gmI pIgl jiiros kiaulyte; hamster
I'hremst;JI ziurkenas; hare Ihe;JI kiskis, zuikis; hedgehog l'hed3,hogl ezys; hippo (potamus) l'hIp;JU, ,hlp;J'pot;Jm;Jsl
hipopotamas, begemotas; jaguar l'd3regju;JI jaguaras; kangaroo l,krel)g;J'ru:1 kengiira; leopard I'Iep;Jdl leopardas; lion
I'Ial;JnJ Iiiitas; lynx Ihnksl liisis; mink ImIl)kJ audine; monkey I'mAl)kil bezdzione; otter 1'0t;JI iidra; panther I'prenS;JI
pantera; raccoon /r;J'ku:nJ meskenas; rhino(ceros) I'ram;Ju, ral'nos;Jr;Jsl raganosis; roe Ir;Jul stirna; seal Isi:V ruonis;
squirrel I'skWlr;JI! vovere; tiger l'talg;JI tigras; walrus l'w::dr;JsI jiiros veplys; whale IwelI! banginis; wild boar I'waIld 'b:J:I
sernas; wolf (pI. wolves) IwuIfl vilkas; zebra I'zebr;JI zebras
birds
crow Ikr;Jul varna; eagle l'i:gII ereIis; emu l'i:mju:1 emu (Australijos paukStis); hawk Ih:J:kl vanagas; nightingale
I'naltll),gelI! lakstingala; ostrich I'ostnt;fl strutis; owl lauI! peleda; parrot I'prer;Jt! papiiga; peacock I'pi:,kokJ povas;
penguin I'pel)gwml pingvinas; pigeon J'pld3;JnJ balandis; robin J'robm/ Iiepsnele; seagull J'Si:gAII zuvedra; sparrow
l'sprer;Jul zvirblis; stork Ist:J:kJ gandras; swallow J'swo\dul kregzde; swan IswonJ gulbe; woodpecker J'wud ,pebl genys
reptiles
crocodile l'krob,dalI! krokodilas; grass-snake I'gra:ssnelkJ zaltys; lizard l'IIZ;JdJ driezas; python J'paISnJ smauglys;
rattlesnake J'rretl,snelkJ barskuole; snake IsnelkJ gyvate; tortoise l't:J:t;JsI sausumos vezlys; turtle I't3:tV jiiros vezlys
amphibians
frog Ifrogl varIe; salamander l'sreI;J,mrend;JI salamandra; toad It;JudJ rupiize
fish
carp Jka:pl karpis; cod IkodJ menke; crawfish vezys; eelli:V ungurys; goldfish J'g;JuId,fIII auksinis karosas; aukse;
herring J'henl)l siIke; perch IP3:t;f1eserys; pike IpalkJ Iydeka; plaice IpIeIs/ pIeksne; salmon I'srem;Jn! lasisa; sardine
Isa:'di:n! sardine; shark IIa:kJ ryklys; trout Itraut! upetakis
insects
ant lrent! skruzdeIe; bee Ibi:1 bite; butterfly J'bAt;J,flaii drugeIis; cockroach J'kokr;Jut;f1 tarakonas; fly lf1aIl muse;
gnat/nret! uodas, grasshopper I'gra:shop;"ll ziogas; ladybug !'Ieldi, bAgl boruze; mosquito Imo'ski:t;Jul uodas; moth/moSI
kandis; spider I'spald;JI voras; wasp Iwospl vapsva; tick erke
trees
alder 1':J:Id;JIalksnis; ash lreJ! uosis; asp Irespi drebuIe; beech Ibi:t;fl bukas; birch Ib3:t;f1bedas; elm leIrnJ guoba; fir If3:1
egle; lime JlaIrn! Iiepa; maple ImelpI! klevas; mountain I wild ash sermuksnis; oak l;JukJ 'tzuoIas; pine IparnJ pusis; poplar
J'pop\dl tuopa; willow I'wIl;Jul gIuosnis, karklas
flowers
aster l'rest;JI astra; bluebell I'bIu: ,beV katileIis; carnation I,ka: 'nelIn! gvazdikas; daffodill'drefddlI! geltonasis narcizas;
daisy J'delzil ramune; forget-me-not If;J'getmi: ,not! neuzmirstuole; lilac !'IaIl;JkJ alyva; lily !'IIlil IeIija; lily of the
valley 1,!IIi;JVO;J'vreIeIl pakalnute; pansy I' prenzil nasIaite; poppy I'popil aguona; ruth lru: SIrota; snowdrop I' sn;Ju, dropl
snieguoIe; tulip J'tju:hpl tuIpe; violet I'val;JI;Jt! zibuokIe
VOCABULARY
The Daily Sun is a very good newspaper. It has all the latest 1............•............. , and there is also an excellent
2 Here are some words and phrases connected with the media. Think over their meanings in Lithuanian
and then write sentences of your own.
3 What type of TV programme are you probably watching if you see the following? Match the descriptions
on the left with the programmes on the right.
6 The digital revolution has produced changes in the English language. Here are some examples of these
changes. Fill in the gaps using the definitions.
3 Fill in the gaps in the text with a suitable word from the bank given. There are more words than
necessary.
Television is one of the most important 1.•......................• of the twentieth century. The first TV programme
2 ....................•.•.• broadcast in 1929, and by the beginning of the 1950s, 3 every home had a
television set. For the first time, people were able to watch historical events, 4..•....••••...••••......• as man's landing
on the moon, in their homes. However, since 5.................•....•.. appearance, there has been a lot of disagreement
6 ••••••••••.••••••••....•• the benefits oftelevision. Many people blame it 7•••.....••.•....••...••.. the lack of communication
in today's society. Instead of 8.•...............•....... or playing games in the evenings, families prefer to watch their
favourite programmes. People have become couch potatoes, sitting 9 ....•.•.•................ in front of the TV and
eating junk food. However, 10 •••••••••••.•••..•••••••• these drawbacks no one can 11••••...................•• the variety and
interest television 12•..•••••••.........••..•.. Nowadays, hundreds of channels are available. More than ever before,
television offers us a window 13 .............•........... the world.
4 Fill in the gaps with only one word which fits each space best.
I am 19 favour of some gadgets, but I am strictly against our lives being dependent
20......................... pushing a button.
5 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes that are
necessary.
Probably in no other country as in Britain there are such film and pop stars, and sport. It is often said that the popular
great differences between the various national daily press aims to entertain its readers rather than inform them.
newspapers - in the type of news they report and the way The tabloid press is far more popular than the quality press.
they report it. On the one hand, there are the 'quality' The most popular quality paper is The Daily Telegraph
newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The Guardian, with a circulation of around 1,100,000 per day, compared
The Financial Times and The Daily Telegraph. These with The Sun s circulation of over 4,000,000. Of course, more
concern themselves, as far as possible, with factual reports than one person usually reads each newspaper that is sold
of major national and international news stories, with the (the readership of The Sun, for instance, is probably over
world of politics and business and with the arts and sport. 11,000,000 per day). It is estimated that two out of every
'Quality' newspapers are also called broadsheets as they three adults regularly read a national daily newspaper, and
use the large page format. On the other hand, there are the that three out of four adults regularly read a local newspaper.
'populars' or 'tabloids', so-called because of their smaller This means thatthe British are one of the biggest newspaper-
size. The tabloids - the most widely-read of which are The reading nations in the world. In addition to the 12 national
Daily Mail, The Daily Express, The Daily Mirror, The Sun daily newspapers there are 9 national papers which are
and The Daily Star - concentrate on more emotive reporting published on Sundays.
of stories often featuring sex, violence, the Royal Family,
1b) Look at the following list and decide in which type of newspapers either tabloids (T) or quality newspapers
(QN) they are likely to occur.
The Internet is fast becoming the contact medium for the and smell their breath,' points out psychologist Michelle
new millennium. Weil of Orange, California.
Although sitting in front of a computer seems a particularly Nevertheless, on a romantic level, psychologists claim that
lonesome pursuit, the truth is that the vast majority of people the Net is a successful medium, particularly so for women,
who surf the Net are there in search of social interaction - whose on-line affairs are conducted at a level of thoughts
real contact and companionship, not just information and feelings, not just appearances.
overload. The most fundamental law of contact on the Net 'It forces men to do something they don't normally engage
is communication. The basis is always about pursuing some in: communication,' says psychologist Al Cooper of the
interest with like-minded people or just shooting the breeze* San Jose Marital and Sexuality Centre.
about nothing in particular. But when eye to eye contact is missing, what about the
human urge to exaggerate, fantasize, or just plain lie? It's a
Connecting people
fact that some marriages are truly made in cyberspace, but
These days you don't even have to leave your room to get
there are just as many romantic disappointments. Take the
in touch with people who have similar interests to yours
case of the unfortunate middle-aged man from Boston who
right from the start. And, what's more, distance needn't be
thought he was having a steamy* Internet affair with a 23-
a problem. One of the best places to meet and greet people
year-old woman, only to discover that 'she' was an 80-year-
is IRC*, This collection of online forums or newsgroups
old man in a Miami nursing home. The question is, how
contains postings from people who have asked for some
wrong was the deception*, given the satisfaction the two
info, and answers from those who have replied. If you learn
got from the romance before the truth was revealed.
how to use the anonymous posting programs that are around,
Surfing the Net for contact, romantic or otherwise, also
you don't even have to reveal your real name or location.
satisfies our need to daydream and liberate ourselves from
Another advantage is that since no one can see you, you
our sometimes dreary* reality. Indeed it may be the closest
certainly don't have to worry about looking your best all
we may ever get to reinventing ourselves and having more
the time. Indeed, as on line goes virtual, you could create
than one life.
visual images of yourself that suit your mood or contactee.
And it goes without saying that engaging in a heavy romance Risks of the Net
on line is the last word in safe sex. Cyberspace viruses may But isn't that open to abuse? Couldn't people be misled
kill your computer but they won't kill you. and harmed? The answer to those questions is, in all
probability, yes. But only as much as magazines, pictures,
Near - yet far
videos and the like have harmed us in the past. As with all
There are, of course, drawbacks to this new medium.
other media, on-line communication does have its dark side
Ironically, the very technology that pulls most people
but then, so does the telephone, if it's used improperly.
together also keeps them apart. After a while, the safe sense
Until the Net is more carefully regulated, all surfers run the
of distance that, at first, seems so liberating to newbies* on
risk of lurkers* secretly tapping into their private Internet
the Net, can become an obstacle to letting the friendship
conversations and crackers* unlocking their passwords and
develop further. Some may begin to feel that particularly
accessing their most personal details. Navigators on the
human sense of unease that something is missing from a
Net may get into murky* waters. Still, many people think
friendship conducted via* machines.
it's worth the risk to reach out and be carried along on a
'As people, we need a tactile* physical presence to make a
wave of imagination, creativity, poetry and who knows -
complete bond. We need to see their face, see their gestures
romance ...
GLOSSARY:
to shoot the breeze: to spend time talking about unimportant things; IRC(Internet Relay Chat): a virtual meeting place
where people from all over the world can meet and talk; newbie: someone who has just started to use the Internet; via:
using a particular method to send or deliver smth; tactile: concerning the sense of touch; steamy (infml): sexually
exciting; deception: the act of tricking someone by telling them sth that is not true; dreary: making you feel bored
and unhappy; lurkers: people who wait hiding in order to frighten, annoy or attack someone; crackers: people who
deliberately break sth open to get what is inside; murky: dark and difficult to see through
Summary
The Internet is becoming the contact 1........................•...• for the new millennium. It may seem that sitting
in front of a computer is a lonesome occupation. Actually, the greater part of people who surf the Net are
looking for 2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• and 3 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• It is so pleasant to talk to people 4 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
the same ideas and interests with you. You can make 5 and get 6 just
sitting at the computer. One of the best places to meet and greet people is IRe. If you know how to use the
anonymous programs you don't have to reveal your real name or address. You can even have 7 ............•...............•
on line not worrying about your looks. You can 8 to be and look whatever you like.
But, of course, 9••.••...••..••••......•..•.•. through this medium has got disadvantages as well. A pleasant sense of
distance only at first seems liberating. Later you may begin feeling 10 •.•••.......••..•...•.••••••• of human physical
presence. You want to see your Net partner's face and gestures or smell the breath. Despite 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
of real personal image, a romantic affair on the Net is quite possible, especially for women whose feelings are
more 12...•..•••..•••..•......••..•• by words and thoughts, not just appearances. The Net makes men also do what they
usually are unlikely to do - to communicate. There are even some cases of marriages in cyberspace, but there
are quite many cases of 13 , too. Imagine how distressed you would feel if your imaginary
beloved person of 23 appeared to be an 80-year-old man or woman. On the other hand, surfing the Net for
distant contacts helps us to 14•••••...••.•..••••••••••••..• from dreary reality and reinvent ourselves.
We also have to 15 ....................••....... that the Net is open to abuse. People can be misled and harmed. But
magazines, pictures, videos, the telephone can harm too, if used improperly. We have to be aware that lurkers
can secretly tap our conversations, crackers can unlock our passwords and get 16 .•....•..............•....•.. to our
personal details. In spite of all these 17••..••.••..••••••••••••••••.. millions of people think it's worth the risk to open the
gate into the world of imagination, creativity, poetry and maybe romance.
5 Write the corresponding nouns used in the text and translate them into Lithuanian. The first has been
done for you as an example.
7 Give a brief talk on the newspaper or magazine published in Lithuania or abroad. Plan your presentation
following the instructions given below.
Start by giving some background information about the newspaper / magazine. You can talk, for example,
about its circulation, readership and its history.
Then present the newspaper / magazine in detail, talking about its choice 0:- : - ":;:~esand other features
typical of its content (culture, feature articles, s~orts ~ages, ad\1ert.\semems, dasslfled ads, use 01
pictures etc).
Finish by telling your audience why you like to read this particular newspaper / magazine.
1 How much time do you spend watching television? What are your favourite types of programmes? What TV
programmes do you never watch? 2 How many different television channels has your country got? What is the
difference between them? What channel do you watch most often? 3 Does Lithuanian TV produce good
programmes? 4 Why do some people like watching soap operas? 5 Why are so many people fond of watching
reality shows? What is your opinion of them? 6 Why is it useful to watch quiz shows on TV? 7 Some people say
that TV does more harm than good. What's your opinion? Do you think there is too much sex and violence on
our TV? 8 Does the radio have any advantage over television-?
10 Work in pairs and discuss the changes in television since you were children. Use the present perfect
tense and the prompts given below. Join another pair and compare your answers.
TV has an educational value. The news and documentaries can be very informative and educational. Grown-
ups as well as children can learn a lot about the surrounding world.
It is a useful babysitter when mothers are busy doing housework.
TV is a cheap form of entertainment - you can watch movies and listen to music staying at home.
Television is a good companion for lonely people.
It is a good idea not to have a TV. Then you would have time.
Television does not affect our minds as we don't remember much from it beyond how good or bad a programme was.
There is too much sex, violence and terror on TV. The violence children witness on TV brutalises them. There
have been many cases of crime when children imitated actions they saw on TV.
Commercials for food, alcohol and other goods condition our minds.
Television will never have the impact on civilisation that the invention of the written word has had.
12a) Work in groups. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computers. Here are some ideas
which may help you to support your point of view.
Advantages
• You can access a lot of information.
• Computers can do some jobs very quickly.
• Computers let you communicate very quickly, bye-mail or using the Internet.
• Computers make it possible to work from home.
• Word processors make it easier to write letters and reports, and to do work for school or college.
• Computers make learning more exciting.
• Large amounts of information can be stored on computer in a database.
Disadvantages
• Some people would prefer to deal with a person not a computer.
• Computers get viruses.
• Software often has bugs, and sometimes computers crash destroying all work.
• Computer games can be very violent, which is harmful to children.
• Information put on the Internet cannot be controlled, so criminals can use it.
• Computers become old-fashioned very fast and need to be replaced.
• If a computer breaks, not many people can fix it.
students to study. They write reports by computer, surf the Internet looking for necessary information
and perform various calculations. 2.•..•........••........•..• , time can be saved using computers in our daily
life activities. You can do the shopping, pay bills and withdraw money from your bank account with a
single click. Thus, once time-consuming and tiring operations have now become a matter of seconds.
3••....•.••••......•••...... , computers can be educational and fun. Children gain basic computer skills working
through learning, drawing and playing programs.
4••..•.•.....•.•......•.•.•. , the negative aspects of the computer should also be taken into consideration.
5 , computers promote unemployment. Many jobs have been lost due to the fact that
computers can do a lot of tasks more efficiently. 6..................••....... , computers have a negative impact
on our health. Endless hours in front of a screen cause eye strain, headaches and weaken our body
resulting in high blood pressure. 7•.•.••.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.•.•. , computers can be dangerous for children as children
get addicted to them in an early age. Spending too much time at the computer they have no time to exercise
and socialise with friends. Besides, cruel computer games can make children violent and aggressive.
8••....•••........•.....•... , computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. However,
considering the variety of their usefulness it must be remembered that they are here to senle us - not to replace us.
3a) Read the sample paragraph. Choose the correct underlined words / phrases to complete the sentences.
There are many reasons why people use computers. (1) As / In the first place. it is a modern and convenient
means for working and communicating. Knowing how to use a computer makes one feel up-to-date and
confident. (2) Because / Another reason for using a computer is the time that can be saved. This is very
convenient in the workplace, where work can be done very fast. (3) In addition to this / However. our everyday
life can be made easier. Daily procedures like shopping, bank operations, communication with friends can be
done with a single click. The reason why children and young people adore the computer is the fun it gives
playing games and surfing the Net. (4) In conclusion / As a result. it seems that computers playa significant
role in our lives and people use them for different reasons.
abuse 1:J'bju:sl grubiai elgtis, uigaulioti; piktnaudziauti equipment Ir'kwrpm;mtl iranga, irenginiai
access I'reksesl pasiekti, gauti exaggeration 1r9,zred3:J'rerJnl perdejimas
addicted 1:J'drktrdl ijunk«s exciting Irk'sartr1]1 jaudinantis
advertisement (ad) l:Jd'V3:tlsm:Jntl skelbimas, reklama extinction Irks'tr1]kJ:Jnl isnykimas
affair 1:J'fe:JIatsitikimas, istorija gadget l'gred3rt/ itaisas
amount 1:J'mauntl kiekis; suma gossip I'gosrpl apkalbos, paskalos
announcer /;/nauns:JI pranesejas hardware I'ha:d,wc:JI technine iranga
available 1:J'verhbl/ galimas naudoti, turimas harm Iha:rnI blogis, skriauda; pakenkti
benefitl'ben:Jfrtl nauda headline /'hed,larnl antraste
blame (for) /blerrn/ kaltinti hooked Ihuktl on the Internet pamis,<s del intemeto
bond Ibondl rysys host Ih:Justl vesti laid<t; laidos vedejas
broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) /'bfJ:dka:st/ transliuoti hostess l'h:Justrsl laidos vedeja
browse (through) IbrauzJ vartineti; ziUrineti impact I'rmprektl poveikis; itaka
calculation I,krelkju' lerJnl (ap)skaiCiavimas, (ap)svarstymas increase Irn'kri:sl augti, dideti
cartoon Ika: 'tu:n1 karikatUra; animacinis filmas insult Irn'sAlt! izeisti
cater /'kert:J1 tenkinti (reikmes); tiekti maist'l. interaction l,rnt:Jr'rekJnl s'l.veika
celebrity IS:J'lebr:Jtil izymybe, garsi asmenybe interviewer /'rnt:J,vju::J1 pokalbio vedejas
circular l's3:kjul:J1 apskritas, apvalus keyboard I'ki:,b::>:dl klaviatlira
circulation /,s3:kju'lerfn/ tiraias lack /Irek/ stoka, stygius
commercial Ib'm3:JI/ reklama per radij'l. ar TV liberate l'lrb:J,rertl islaisvinti, isvaduoti; paleisti
commission Ib'mrJnl komisiniai pinigai; uzsakymas link Ilr1]kl grandis; rysys, s'l.saja
common I'kom;ml paprastas, plaCiai paplit«s; bendras lonesome (mainly Am E) /'l:Juns(:J)rnI vienisas
concern Ibn's3:nl riipintis, nerimauti means Imi:nzJ priemone, budas
concisely Ibn' sarslil glaustai medium (pi media I mediums) /'rni:dr:JrnI informavimo priemone
condition Ibn' drJ nI s'l.lygoti, nulemti murder l'm3:d:JI zmogzudyste
conduct Ibn' dAktl vesti, vadovauti; atlikti newscaster I'nju:z,ko:st:J1 ziniq laidos vedejas
consider Ibn'srd:JI apgalvoti, apsvarstyti; manyti, laikyti newsflash /'nju:z,flreJI paskutiniq ziniq santrauka
consume Ibn'sju:rnI vartoti obstacle l'obst:Jkl/ kliutis
content /'kont:mtl turinys ordinary 1'::>:dn(:J)ril iprastas, eilinis
current I'kAf;mtl dabartinis, einamasis overload 1,:Juv:J'hudl perkrauti
cyberspace I'sarb:J,spersl virtuali erdve paparazzi I ,prep:J' rretsil paparaciai
database l'dert:J, bersl duomenq bankas presenter Ipn'zent:JI laidos pranesejas
deceive Idr'si:vl apgauti, suklaidinti promote Ipr:J'm:Jutl paaukstinti; puoseleti; remti
deliver Idr'lrv:JI pristatyti provide IprJ'vardl patiekti, pariipinti
deny Idr'narl neigti pursue Ip:J'sju:1 t«sti, uisiimti
device Idr'varsl budas, priemone; prietaisas pursuit Ip:J'sju:tl pomegis, megstamas uzsiemimas
digital I'c;hd3\t11 'iokaitmeninis quiz JkwrzJ viktorina
drawback I' dfJ:, brekl triikumas rapid /'rreprdl greitas
editor /'edrt:JI redaktorius regular l'regjuI:JI iprastas, normalus, paprastas
efficiently Ir'frJntlil sumaniai, efektyviai, nasiai refer (to) In'hl uzsiminti apie, nurodyti; sietis
encounter Irn'kaunt:JI susitikimas, susidurimas reinvent I,ri:rn'ventl naujai atrasti; israsti dar kart'l.
engage (in) Irn'gerdy' uzsiimti (veikla) reunion /ri:'ju:nrJnl susitikimas (seimos, klases, mokyklos)
entertain l,ent:J'ternl priimti, vaisinti; linksminti reveal In'vi:1/ atskleisti; atidengti
episode I'eprs:mdl serija, dalis; epizodas rob /robl apiplesti
schedule l'Iedju:l, 'skedju:l/ planas, tvarkarastis tabloid I'trebbrdl populiarus mazo formato laikrastis
significant Isr9' nrfrbn tl reiksmingas transmission Itrrenz'mrInl perdavimas
sitcom I'srt,koml jumoristinis serialas up-to-date I,Aptd'dertl siuolaikinis, modemus; naujoviskas
software /'soft,wf:JI programine iranga urge 13:d31 knietejimas; didziulis noras
spam Ispreml virtuali reklama value l'vrelju:1 verte, kaina
speculate I'spekju,lertl spelioti via I'vard, 'Vi:dl per (biidu)
store Ishl sukrauti, laikyti, saugoti viewer I'VjU:dl ziurovas
strain Istrernl itampa, krUvis violence /'vardldnsl smurtas; siautejimas
subscribe (to) ISdb'skrarbl prenumeruoti violent I'vardldntl smurtinis, smarkus, umus
supply ISd'plar/ tiekti, apriipinti witness /'wrtndsl buti liudininku, paliudyti; liudininkas
types of newspapers
A popular or tabloid newspaper focuses more on sensation than on real news, it prefers stories about film stars, crimes and the
royal family. A quality newspaper I a broadsheet professes to be more interested in real news than in sensation. A journal is
the name given to an academic magazine. A comic is a magazine, usually for children or teenagers.
Parts of the newspaper: advertisements (ads); cartoons karikaturos; crossword kryziazodis; the editorial vedamasis;
feature article terninis straipsnis; headline antraste; horoscope; the letters page; news I sports reports; business I
local I world news; review In'vju:1 apzvalginis straipsnis
subscribe to a newspaper or a magazine prenumeruoti I started subscribing to a Sunday paper.
daily; weekly; monthly; issue I'isju:, 'rIu:1 leidinys, numeris
editor redaktorius; columnist /' koldmnrstl apzvalgininkas; reporter
computers and computer equipment
computer; on I by computer The new information is available on (the) computer. Ticket reservations are all done on
computer. The accounts are processed by computer. computer-literate: able to use a computer; computer program;
computer programmer; computerize I computerise; IT / information technology: the study or the use of computers
and other electronic equipment for storing, sending and developing information; hardware technine iranga (prieSpriesinant
programinei irangai); software programine iranga; program: a set of instructions that makes it possible for a computer
to do a particular job; floppy disk diskete; modem vartiklis, modemas (prietaisas kompiuteriL{ telefoniniam rysiui);
CD-ROM; laptop nesiojamas kompiuteris; keyboard klaviatUra; word processor programa, skirta laisklL pranesimll.
ir 1ot.rasymui; virtual reality: the effect produced by using computer images to make places or situations seem almost
real when they are not; virus I'varrds/; database duomenll baze
the Internet
the Internet / the Net tarptautinis kompiuterill tinklas, intemetas; be on the Internet buti prisijungusiam prie intemeto
Are you on the Internet? on the Internet per intemet'\., intemetu You can read some newspapers on the Internet.
surf the Net narsyti po intemetq; WWW / World Wide Web: the system that stores information for computer users
around the world to use; home page pirmasis tinklapio puslapis; online: online services, conversations, games etc that
take place or exist on the Internet; e-mail elektroninis pastas; be on e-mail: to have a computer that can send and receive
e-mail messages; send sb an e-mail I e-mail pasillsti elektronin« zinut«; I will e-mail you about it.
1 n.ighL . 4 . 7 .
.... .$.Q.c;.(qJ club ............................ holiday ............................ culture
..... (f!.'JJJ.~L .
2 . 5 . 8 .
............................ agency ............................ custom ............................... hotel
3 . 6 . 9 .
............................ facilities ............................ country ............................ places
faraway
proper ~
crowded
E0
~to-d~
cheap unique ~
original
stunning ~-pri~ ~
expenSIve
peaceful ~
fascinating
modem ~
3 Read the following description and replace the underlined words with the most suitable word from the
list given.
Scotland is la marvellous country! There are so many places for you to see and things to do that you'll
hardly have time to rest while you're there.
A lot of places in Scotland are a(n) 2natural paradise, still untouched by men. Scotland's landscape is very
3attractive with glens (narrow, deep valleys), wild mountains and deep lochs (a Scottish word meaning 'lake'). The
capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, 4well-known for its castle and for the Edinburgh International Festival which is
held Severy year in August. Rich in history and steeped in tradition it has a timelessness which the bustle ofthe
modem city cannot destroy.
Scotland is also the land of myths and mysteries: every 6ancient castle has its ghost, and who has never
heard of Loch Ness Monster? Nessie is said to be about six metres long, with a long thin neck, a 7small head
and two or three humps. Since 1934, thousands of people have claimed to have seen this 8enormous animal.
Scientists have investigated the loch and taken pictures, but no scientific explanation of the mystery has been
given. Sightings of such monsters and 9strange beasts in lOlonelylakes could mean that animals exist that we still
don't know about ...
the river the mountains the island sea the west coast the right hospital
the garage the plane my way to work the station the airport
1 Look at those people swimming 2 There's something wrong with the car. We'd
better stop 3 Last year we had a wonderful skiing holiday .
4 There's nobody living It's uninhabited. 5 In most countries people drive
...................................... 6 I usually buy a newspaper in the morning. 7 San Francisco
is of the United States. 8 My train arrives at 11.30. Can you meet me
....................................... ? 9 A friend of mine was injured in an accident a few days ago. She's still
..................................... 10 Our flight was delayed. We had to wait for three
hours. 11 I enjoyed the flight but the food wasn't very nice. 12 Paul works on ships.
He is away most of the time.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences using the given prepositions. Some will be used
more than once.
- 12
- rr·
1 The clouds are the plane. 2 The plane is the sky. 3 There is snow the
mountain. 4 There is a waterfall the bridge. 5 Trees grow the snowline. 6 The train is
............... the bridge. 7 There is a hut the trees. 8 Two people are climbing the mountain.
9 One person is coming the path. 10 The valley lies the two mountains. 11 The bridge
stretches the valley. 12 The tunnel goes the mountain. 13 The river flows the
bridge. 14 The river runs the road. 15 A fisherman is sitting the river. 16 There are a lot
of fish the river. 17 There is a telephone the crossroads. 18 There is a line of people
............... the phone box. 19 The traffic is going the road. 20 The motorbike is going the
comer. 21 The cow is the phone box. 22 The van is driving the cow. 23 The car is
................. the van. 24 There are lots of people the bus. 25 The cyclist is the bus. 26 The
car is parked the road.
1 They live Oxford Street number 14.2 Jack works Cambridge the University. 3 I've
left my briefcase the office. I think I left it the chair the comer. 4 Meet me the bus-stop
......... the end of Weston Road. 5 They live Seal, a small village the road to Folkestone. 6 When we
were the south we stayed a small hotel the coast. 7 My briefcase is the table the
sitting room. 8 Sign your name the dotted line the bottom of the page. 9 Meet me the
entrance to the supermarket Marple Street. 10 I've applied for a job the United Nations .
Geneva. 11 Hello! This is Julie. I'm London the Hilton Hotel.
3 Fill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning of
the text.
The city of London (1 found) by the Romans in the year 43AD. During the next few years it
(2 quick) became the main (3 trade) centre in Britain. For two hundred years after
the Romans (4 leave) , the city was almost forgotten. Its full (5 important) did not
return until the (6 eleven) century. By the end of that century, the (7 govern) of
England was based in Westminster and the Tower of London (8 start) During the Middle Ages
London (9 continue) to grow, and by the time of Shakespeare it had become a (10 prosper)
..................... capital city with many fine buildings. (11 Fortunately) , most of these buildings
(12 make) of wood and in 1666 they were almost all destroyed by a fire which (13 last)
...................... several days. This was a great tragedy for the people (14 live) there at that time,
but it is (15 truth) that many of the areas which are most (16 attract) today were
planned during the (17 rebuild) that followed.
4 If the line is correct, put a tick (/) next to the number of the line. If the line has a word that shouldn't
be there, cross it out and write that extra word next to the number of the line.
Cosmopolitan Cities
New York, Tokyo, Paris andj.l;r€other cosmopolitan cities are exciting o th~ .
places to live in it. There are many interesting things to see and do. 1 .
You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You can 2 .
also go shopping and buy the things from all over the world. 3 .
But there are any serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living 4 .
is high and there are too many of people in some neighbourhoods 5 .
of big cities. An every year many newcomers move to these cities because 6 .
of the opportunities to find jobs, to study at good schools and to 7 .
receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find some 8 .
work or a decent place to live. Also, too many people in a so small 9 .
place make it as hard to keep the cities safe and clean. 10 .
Cosmopolitan cities have their advantages and such disadvantages. 11 .
Some people enjoy living in them; others do not enjoy it. Before few people 12 .
move to a big city, they should not think about the problems of living there. 13 .
READING and SPEAKING
UNITED KINGDOM
1 Physical Geography. Climate
The United Kingdom is made up of the countries of England has the highest population density of the four
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full lands and Scotland the lowest. For centuries people from
name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern overseas have settled in Britain, either to escape political
Ireland. Britain (or Great Britain) comprises England, or religious persecution, or in search of economic
Wales and Scotland. It is the largest island in Europe, which opportunities. There are sizeable ethnic communities of
lies off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. Britain's Jews, Irish, Caribbeans, and Africans. There are also long-
closest continental neighbours are France and Belgium. established Chinese, Greek, Turkish Cypriot and Italian
Covering an area of some 242,500 sq km, Britain is nearly communities. Overall, ethrite minority groups represent
500 Ian across at the widest point, and almost 1,000 Ian just under 6 per cent of the population of Great Britain.
long. The capital, London, has a population of around 8 English is the official language, but many people know
million. Other major cities include Birmingham,
Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Glasgow, and Belfast.
Thanks to the influence of the Gulf Stream, the British
climate is generally mild and temperate. While the weather
is very changeable, temperatures rarely fall below _10° C or
go above +32° C. Rainfall is fairly well distributed throughout
the year. The wettest parts are the mountainous areas of
the west and the north.
·f
2 Politics
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy. Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is Head of State, with a largely
ceremonial role. The powers of the Queen are limited by
Parliament and it is hereditary, and not elective. The House
of Commons and House of Lords, with the monarch,
comprise Parliament. The Prime Minister heads the
Government and appoints ministers (the Cabinet). Elections
are held at least every five years. The largest political parties
are the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats.
The country's long-established democratic system of
government has provided political stability for many years.
Britain has been a member of the European Union since
1973, and has close ties with marty countries elsewhere,
notably with the nations of the Commonwealth.
3 History
The people who now inhabit the British Isles are descended
mainly from the people who inhabited them centuries ago.
It is impossible to attempt here to estimate the importance
of the first early peoples - pre-Celts and Celts, as well as
the Romans who ruled England and Wales from AD 43 to
around AD 409. Over the next 600 years there were
invasions and settlements by peoples from northern more than one language. Around 20% of the people in
Europe. The last successful invasion was by the Normans Wales speak Welsh and children learn it in Welsh schools.
in 1066. In 1712 the King of England made himself Lord About 80,000 people in Scotland speak Gaelic. People
of Ireland. The uniting of England with Wales (between from overseas have brought with them their languages,
1536 and 1542) and with Scotland (in 1707) led to the cultures and religions.
union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. In 1921 Ireland Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom.
was partitioned, Northern Ireland remaining with Britain. Britain is predominantly Christian - one British citizen in
Britain is an influential member of the Commonwealth, 10 is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and there
the European Union and the United Nations. are 1,7 million members of the Anglican Church - the
'established church', that is the church legally recognised
4 People
as the official church of the State.
Although the United Kingdom is quite small in terms of
land area (242,000 sq. Ian), it has a large population of nearly
58 million. Britain is a relatively densely populated country.
1 Read the text about the UK. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer A, B or C.
2 Find English equivalents in the text and use some of them in the correct form to complete the
sentences below.
1 His income is quite , now that he has been promoted. 2 Is musical ability ?
3 My husband company director last year. 4 You have been chosen our
association at the conference. 5 He a team of scientists investigating cancer. 6 The refugee
............................ his chances of escape as very good. 7 The house now by a Polish
family. 8 Annual was lower last year than ever before. 9 Luckily she the
infection. 10 The group oflawyers and doctors. 11 What is the of Lithuania?
3 Look at the list of words and put them into the correct group. Each word is a river, town or capital in
Britain. There is one odd city out. Which one and why?
LITHUANIA
Physical Geography. Climate Prime Minister and 14 ministers. The Prime Minister is
The Republic of Lithuania lies in the centre of Europe, on appointed or dismissed by the President with the approval
the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The country has borders of the Seimas.
with Latvia, Belarus, Poland and Russia. The length of the
People
Lithuanian coastline is 99 lan. Lithuania covers an area of
Lithuania has a population of 3.8 million people, 81 % of
65,200 square kilometres and it is larger than that of
which are Lithuanians. Russians make up the second largest
Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland. From
ethnic group with 8.4 % of the population.
east to west the country is 373 lan, and from south to north
it is 276 lan. The country has a diverse landscape - three
hilly uplands, and three lowland plains. The highest point
is Juozapines Hill, not far from Vilnius; it is 293,6m above
sea level. Approximately 30% of the country is covered
with woodlands. The traveller is soothed by quiet,
picturesque landscapes: hills, rivers and brooks, valleys
and woodlands, and some 4,000 lakes and 722 rivers. The
longest river is the Nemunas (937 km) which flows into
the Baltic Sea. Its length through Lithuania is 475km.
Lithuania's climate is mild, it is transitional between
maritime and continental. The average winter temperature
is _50C, while the average summer temperature is + 17,80
C. Westerly winds prevail. Annually, there are 40-100
foggy days and 15-30 days with thunderstorms. During the
colder season of the year, there are 10-15 days offreezing-
rain and snowstorms. Thaws are frequent.
Politics The state language is Lithuanian (it's the official language
Lithuania is a republic. The Parliament of the Republic or since 1989). It is also one of the oldest Indo-European
the Seimas is the highest body of state power. It consists languages. The 32-letter Lithuanian alphabet is Latin based.
of 141 MPs elected for four-year terms. The President of Lithuania was the last country in Europe to adopt
the Republic is elected by direct suffrage for a term Christianity in 1387. The majority of the population are
of five years. The Government is composed of the Roman Catholics.
4 Work in groups of three or four. Your class is looking forward to seeing a group of friends from Latvia
who have never visited your country before. Discuss together the following points:
5 Find out how important your country's culture is to you, and how much you know about it. Discuss these
questions and give the feedback to the class.
What traditional songs in your native language do you know? When and where did you last sing or listen to
traditional songs? What traditional dances and games do you know? When did you last do any of these activities?
Why do you think national song and dance festivals are so popular with the Lithuanians all over the world?
What other features can distinguish one country from another? Think of some aspects of 'imported' culture that
you are happy to accept, and some that you are less happy about?
What traditions and customs are observed celebrating Christmas and Easter in Lithuania? What national dishes
can you prepare?
6 Work in pairs. A foreigner has come to your town on a short business trip. Taking turns explain where the
following facilities are. The given pattern and phrases may be of use.
turn left / right / into; go straight on / past; carryon / keep going until you get; walk down / as far
as; take the first / second turning on the right / left; cross
...Street is the first / second / next turning / street on your right / left; it's at the beginning / end of
the street; it's half way down the street; on the comer; over there
7 Study the spidergram and choose a topic that interests you. Do some research on the topic you have
chosen. Make use of material available in libraries, newspapers, tourist brochures, reference books, TV
programmes, on the Internet etc. Present your work to the rest of the class.
C Nature ~ ~~ / C Industty ~
C Food~ / / \ ~ CFeStivm ~
C Cities ~ ~jterature ~
Free time
activities CFamous~
people
WRITING
INTRODUCTION
Paragraph 1: introduce the subject and state your opinion clearly
MAIN BODY
Paragraph 2: first argument and reasons / examples
Paragraph 3: second argument and reasons / examples
Paragraph 4: opposing viewpoint and reasons / examples
CONCLUSION
Final paragraph: restate your opinion using different words
• The number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number o~ "nts you want to present.
• You should list your arguments with Firstly, Furthermore, Moreo r..~ 50 e c and may include the
opposite viewpoint using On the other hand, However, Others cl' , argue that etc in the last
paragraph of the main body.
• Avoid strong personal expressions (eg I know) and feelings (eg I 's abs: . w believe ..., or Everybody
hates ...) and use milder phrases such as I (tend to) believe, In my op' _In my view, It seems to me
that etc to express your opinion.
• Use formal style - do not include colloquial English.
• Do not use short forms.
• Use topic sentences to introduce each paragrapll.
1 Read the following composition expressing opinion. Correct the mistak 'rite S for spelling, WO
for word order, WW for wrong word, GR for grammar or P for punctuation.
2 The teacher has asked you to express your opinion on the topic 'There is nothing like living in the
city centre'. Write a composition of 180-240 words following the guidelines given.
INTRODUCTION
Paragraph 1: set the scene (name and location of the place / building, reasons for choosing
the place / building)
MAIN BODY
Paragraphs 2, 3: overall look and particular details (Place: sights, facilities, free-time activities.
Building: fIrst look and specifIc details)
CONCLUSION
Final paragraph: feelings and final thoughts about the place / building plus recommendation
3 The paragraphs of this descriptive composition have been mixed up. Use the plan to put the jumbled
paragraphs in the correct order.
accept l;;lk'sept/ priimti; pritarti, pripazinti collocate I'kol;;l,kertl tinkamai suderinti zodzius
adopt l;;l'dopt/ priimti, isisavinti community Ib'mju:n;;ltil bendruomene, visuomene
ancient l'emI;;lntl senoves, senovinis comprise Ibm 'pralZl susideti is, apimti
annual I'renju;;lll kasmetinis compose Ibm 'P;;lUz/sudaryti
appoint l;;l'p:Jmt/ paskirti continental I,kontr'nentll kontinentinis, zemyninis
approval l;;l'pru:vll pritarimas cover I'kAV;;l1 uzimti
approximately l;;l'proksrm;;ltlil apytikriai, maidaug crowded I'kraudrdl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamas
attempt l;;l'temptl stengtis, meginti, bandyti decent I'di:sntl padorus; neblogas, gana geras
available 1;;l'veI1bllgalimas naudoti, turimas demande Idi 'ma:ndl paklausa, poreikis
average I'rev(;;l)nd:)! vidurkis; vidutinis, vidutiniskas densely I' denslil tankiai
beneficial l,bem'frIII naudingas, palankus density I'dens;;ltil tankumas
beyond Ibr'jondl anapus, uz descend Idr'sendl kilti, atsirasti
border I'b:J:d;;l1siena destination I,destr' nerI nl keliones tikslas
boutique Ibu: 'ti:kl madingtL brangiq daiktq parduotuvele direct/dr'rektl tiesioginis
brook Ibruk/ upelis, upoksnis distribute Idr 'stnbju:t/ dalinti, skirstyti
bustling I'bASlrIJItriuksmingas (apie vietq) diverse Idm'v3:s1 skirtingas, ivairus
challenging l'tIrelmd3rIJI viliojantis, idomus elective /r'lektrvl renkamas
Christian I' knstI;;ln! kriksCioniskas, kriksCioniq established /r' streblrItl nusisto(ve )j«S, pripazintas, zinomas
Christianity I,knstr'ren;;ltil kriksCionybe estimate I'estr,mertl apytikriai paskaiCiuoti; ivertinti
ethnic I' eenrkl etninis persecution I, :::: -
expand Irk'sprendl plestis plain Iplein/ IYo.:
facilities If;}'srl;}trz/ irenginiai, visuom. paskirties pastatai pollution Ip;}' . =-' e=-;:=-:~:::2.s.
fairly l'fe;}lil pakankamai, gana possiblity I,p - •
fascinating I'fresmeltII)1 zavus predominantly ~=.::~~
foggy I'fogil Ukanotas, apgaubtas riiko prevail Ipn\-e
found Ifaundl (i)steigti, (i)kurti prosper I'pro:..
frequent I'fri:kw;}ntl daznas, daznai pasikartojantis rarely I're;;lr . ~
generally l'd3en(;})r;}lil daugiausia, dazniausiai rate !reltl proce:: ..
generation I,d3en;},reIJ nl karta recent I'ri:sn
ghost Ig;}ustl smekla, vaiduoklis relatively I're d_
govern I' gAvn/ valdyti rule lru:U \.
hereditary Ih;)' red;}t(;})ri/ pa veldimas rest!rest/bii ': ur":fu~~
hi-tech I,hai'tekl moderniosios technologijos row !r;;lu/' ,-
hump IhAmpl kupra; kauburys, giibrys rurall'w;;lr;}l' , '-
influence I'mflu;}nsl itaka, poveikis rush !rAJI sk
influential Imflu'enJII turintis lemiamos itakos rush hour I'r.
include Im'klu:dl itraukti, apimti scarce Isked =ej~~k.arn:s
increase Im'kri:sl augti, (pa)dideti securing I I' 'u.;;_~_ ~.:!:"!:~~::l::is. apsaugantis
inhabit 1m' hrebltl gyventi, apgyvendinti seek Isi:k/ ici r _
ADDITIONAL WORD B
prepositions of direction and place
across, along, back to, onto, out of, past, round, to, through, towards, up
above, among, at, below, beneath, beside, between, in, in front of, inside, near, next to. 0_ -
location
in the south / west I east I north of Brighton is in the south of England. They live north or Bristol is in the south-
westof England. on the southern I western I eastern I northern coast of Liverpoo::s me western coast of Britain.
London lies on the river Thames. Newcastle is situated close to the sea.
motion (or movement)
climb: go upward The tourists climbed the mountain. return: go back When are. v' ianning to return?
fall: go downforward Leaves fall in autumn. arrive The train arrived in 1.,0 on at 14.00.
hurry: go quickly Hurry up! We'll miss the train. leave (left) The plane left Hor.a ' no at 7.00.
pass: go past You have to pass the railway station. come, go, enter: go in(to) Am. emered the room.
how to measure distance
We measure distance in inches (coliais), feet (pedomis), yards, miles or in centimetres, metr
measuring distances is widely used in English-speaking countries.
VOCABULARY
housing benefit income tax a (trade) union student grant / allowance unemployment
recession unemployment benefit family allowancelchild benefit! child allowance priority
USE of ENGLISH
Think again. A terrifying new trend for text message pupils sneak a er Deborah says, 'You hear
bullying could turn the hotline to your mates into the bane about young . g suicide because of problems
of your life. By Katie Aston. like these. P '. seem a realise how serious it is'.
Mobile pho ~ - : -...,.:0 ·ggered such a sense of hope-
Jessica Hansard has been glued to her mobile phone
lessness in I' oyez Gail Jones that the Merseyside
since her parents bought it for her 16th birthday last year.
schoolgirl killed b 1:.- overdosing on paracetamol. She
She loves texting her friends - at college, on the bus, in her
had been torme onths by anonymous messages,
bedroom, anywhere. 1 .
receiving up to _0 in half an hour. The police had asked her
So imagine her shock when, a couple of months ago,
not to change the number or get rid of her phone in an
she opened her messages to find 'Die bitch!' shouting back
attempt to catch the culprit.
at her angry black letters. 'At first I thought it must be a
'It's the feeling of no escape that's so distressing',
mistake or a sick joke so I didn't do anything', she says.
believes psychologist Dr Anu Sayal-Bennet. 'For many
'But the messages kept coming, getting more threatening,
people, a mobile phone is almost an extension of themselves.
saying they knew where I lived. 2 I didn't even feel
6 And of course they can get at you anywhere,
safe at home'.
any time. Text bullying is an invisible crime and fear of the
Jessica eventually told her dad, who rang the number
unknown is the worst fear of all'.
and told the person on the other end to stop or he would
So how can you protect yourself from text bullies? First,
phone the police. The phone went dead. 'The messages have
if you get any weird messages, tell someone. Only six out
stopped, but I still feel scared. I have no idea who was behind
of ten young victims tell a parent, a teacher or the police,
it all', says Jessica. 'Every time my phone bleeps I feel sick'.
but you should. As support website bullying. com explains:
And Jessica isn't alone. 3 Of 3.6 million school-
'It is a criminal offence to send offensive or threatening
age mobile owners, 14% have received a deliberately hurtful
phone messages and, if it continues, it can amount to
call or message. Even scarier, text bullying is at its worst
harassment. The poli g an do take action'.
•
4 Have you ever experienced bullying? Work in groups. Discuss different forms of bullying and the ways of
dealing with this problem. Share your experiences and present your opinion to the class. The phrases
given in the box might be useful for your presentation.
5 Work in pairs or small groups. Make a list of the 5 most common types of crimes in Lithuania nowadays.
Indicate the type of punishment that you suggest and explain the reasons why these crimes are committed.
Then comment on your list and compare it with the one of your friend. Provide solutions for reducing
crime in your area. Consult the additional word bank and the phrases below if necessary.
types of crimes: drink driving, pickpocketing, speeding, forgery, rape, joyriding, a minor / serious criminal
offence, drug-related crimes
types of punishment: to fine sb for (doing) sth, to get a light / severe sentence, to imprison sb for (seven)
years, to charge sb with (doing) sth, to take into custody
ways of preventing crime: to patrol an area, to report a crime to the police, to promote neighbourhood watch
schemes, to install a network of cameras scanning a crowd of people (in a street / shop etc), to keep an eye
on sth
6 Read the text and fill in the gaps in the sentences given below.
Parliament in the UK consists of two 1...................•....... : the H ....::~ :- d the House of Lords.
In the House of Commons there are 650 2 •••••.•.....•....•.•.••••.. , each.:- - =' ~._ The
ruling party in the Parliament is the one which gains a 4 ••.................•••• __ .: . figure in that party
is called the 5 The Commons is elected for a ma..'ti2 .: _.- although
the Prime Minister may call a general election at any time within
The USA is 7 .•.••.•....•.••..••••••••• consisting of 50 states. The eO =::-- tion is entrusted to
8 The President is elected for 9 ..•..............•.•• _. ~ -; _ ~~:' ent's job includes
10 •.••••••••••.•.•••••.•••.•.• There are two chambers in the US Congres:: ::... . . The Senate can
12
8 Tell your partner which three things from the list below worry yo
explain why. Then talk about the things you are optimistic about.
• lack of morality in our society (corruption in politics, financial ID.25.e --_..:: overimportance of
money; total indifference towards others; domestic, drug-related -- )
• globalization of economy and culture
• environmental pollution
• natural disasters (flooding, famine, drought etc)
• the growth of population
• long-term unemployment
• racial and religious intolerance
• new incurable diseases
• genetically modified food
• something else?
• why it is important for Lithuania to be a member of international organisations (NATO, the ED)
• what the benefits and shortcomings of being a member of the ED are
• what peacekeeping operations our country participates in
• which is better: to vote or abstain from voting? Why?
• if the government takes good care of disad vantaged families, ageing, disabled and unemployed people
• if there are any voluntary organisations providing help to the elderly people in your area
• if the quality of life is getting better or worse
• why families with a high standard of living feel more socially secure than the ones living on low or
below-average incomes
WRITING
1 Read the composition expressing opinion and label the paragraphs with the headings below. Then write
your composition expressing opinion. Use the suggested tasks for writing on pg. 158.
• Writing a composition providing solutions you should state the pro Ie learly, then present your
suggestions and the expected results or consequences these sugge"o mich have.
• Use formal language - do not include colloquial English, do not use short . - avoid personal expressions.
• Start each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarises '.\ha[ graph is about.
• Use appropriate linking words and phrases given below to show me 0 tion between paragraphs
and within a paragraph as well.
Expressing cause: since, the reason for / why ... is that ... , because 0 /o;;ing to / due to
Expressing effect: so / consequently, as a result / consequence, he resulI of would be
Expressing purpose: with the purpose of(+ ing) ... , so as / in order (lUJ) to , so that ...
Expressing probability / possibility: ... is probable / possible / cenain co ... , it can / could / may
1 Read the composition providing solutions. The topic sentence of each paI"aeoraph is missing. Choose
five of the sentences a-fgiven below and match them with the appropriate ~oraph in the composition.
There is one extra sentence you do not need.
a We all know that old people feel economically and socially disadvQII a_e
b Another way to deal with the situation would be to provide free medica." care to all people over a
certain age.
c Firstly, the elderly should receive adequate sums of income for covering heir basic needs such as
accommodation and food,
d All things considered, there are many ways in which the lives of old people could be improved.
e A lot of elderly people find their last period of life rather challenging due 0 mrious reasons.
f A useful suggestion for improving the lives of the elderly would be to solve the problem of social
isolation which so many of them face.
2 Read the rubric and write your composition of 200-250 words. Follow the guidelines and make use of
the ideas provided in the table.
Your class has been doing a project on crime. Write a composition on the topic:
What are the ways to make your home and neighbourhood safer from crime?
Suggestions Results / Consequences
install an alarm system deters thieves and automatically notifies the police or security firm
get a trained dog alerts the owners / people inside the house that someone unknown is
prowling outside
promote neighbourhood people living around will see someone suspicious prowling around
watch scheme the neighbourhood and call the police
Bare Past tense Past Meaning Bare Past tense Past Meaning
Infinitive biltasis Participle reiksme Infinitive biitasis Participle reiksme
bendratis laikas biitojo laiko bendratis laikas biitojo laiko
. dalyvis dalyvis
hurt hurt hurt suzeisti, lskaudinti, upset upset upset nUliiidinti, prislegti
skaudeti wake woke woken pabusti
keep kept kept laikyti, saugoti wear wore worn deveti, nesioti
know knew known zinoti, moketi weep wept wept verkti
lay laid laid (pa )deti, (pa )guldyti win won won laimeti
lead led led vesti, vadovauti wind wound wound (pa )sukti, prisukti
leave left left palikti write wrote written rasyti
VERB TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE
Veikiamosios rUsies veiksmazodziqlaikqlentele
Nurodomieji
Pavyzdziai
zodziai
I study every day. usually
• reguliariai pasikartojanCius The sun rises in the east. always
veiksmus On Sundays banks don't work. often, never
do not + V
• bendras ties as ir desnius He doesn't always study hard. sometimes
does not + V
• budingas veiksnio ypatybes Carol usually gets up at six o'clock. every (day,
• iProcius ir paprocius Does she like knitting? time etc)
do V?
• busim'lii veiksmq, kuris ivyks pagal The train to Dover leaves at 8.00 pm. in (the morning
does V?
tvarkarasti, bendr<t planq, program<t What do you think of my new car? etc), twice a year
was 'veiksmq,vykusi tam tikru momentu At 9 o'clock last night we were while
were + Ving praeityje (veiksmo pradzia ir pabaiga watching TV. when
neZinomi)
was not • du ar daugiau tuo pat metu vykusill I was studying while my brother was
veiksmll watching TV.
were not + Ving • veiksmq, vykusi tam tikru momentu at 6.00 last
praeityje ir pertraukt<t kitu trumpu What were you doing when I called Mondayetc
was ... momentiniu veiksmu you yesterday?
+ V. ?
were ... mg'
• veiksm1i, kuris ivyko pries tam tikril By six o'clock in the evening, Tom
momentil praeityje had finished all his work. Iki seStos
when
• veiksm1i, ivykusi pries kitil veiksmil valandos vakaro Tomas buvo pabaiglts
had + V] by the time
praeityje visq savo darbq.
(had wri tten) before
• veiksmil salutiniuose laiko When we got to the airport, the plane
after
aplinkybes sakiniuose su jungtukais had already landed. Kai mes
had not + V] already
before, after nuvykome i oro uostq, lektuvas jau
(had not found) NB lei pagrindiniame sakinyje just
buvo nusileidlts.
tillfuntil
pavartotas Past Simple, 0 Before we had walked ten miles, she
had V]? by ten o'clock
salutiniame - Past Perfect, tai reiskia, got tired. Dar mums nenuejus desimt
(had drawn?) (midday etc.)
kad salutinio sakinio veiksmas (Past mylil{, ji pavargo.
never etc
Perfect) vyko (ar ivyko) anksciau uz NB She said she had had no time to
pagrindinio sakinio veiksmil (Past make a cake. ii pasake, kadji neturejo
Simple). laiko iskepti pyrazq.
I had been repairing the car for three
• veiksm1i, kuris prasidejo pries tam hours, when he called. Kaijis when
tikr'l momentil praeityje ir tuo paskambino, as jau tris valandas for, since
momentu dar tl<sesi taisiau masinq. before
• veiksm1i, kuris tl<sesi tam tikrillaikil She was exhausted because she had after
ir jo rezultatai buvo akivaizdiis been travelling all night. ii buvo how long
praeityje isvargusi, kadangi keliavo visq naktj. until etc
• pranasaujam1i, numatom1i, spejam'l I expect we'll see them at the party tomorrow
ateities veiksmil. Labai dafuai po tonight. next (week,
veiksmazodziq be sure, think, Let me help you. I'll carry that month etc)
believe, expect, hope, know, suppose suitcase for you. tonight
ir su prieveiksmiais perhaps, I'll come there, I promise. soon
possibly, probably, surely. in a week (year
• spontanisk'l sprendim'l etc)
• kalbanciojo pasiryzim'l atlikti
veiksmil
They will still be working at five.
Penktq valandqjie dar dirbs. tomorrow
This time next week we will be tonight
• veiksm1i, kuris vyks ( tl<sis ) tam packing for our holiday. Tokiu laiku next (week,
tikru momentu ateityje kitq savaitlt mes krausimes daiktus month etc)
atostogoms. in two (three,
At IO o'clock tomorrow she'll be etc) days
working in the garden. Rytoj 10 val. ji soon etc
dirbs sode.
By 2003 he will have worked here for
ten years. 2003 metaisjis bus dirblts by
Cia deIimt met!{- by the time
• veiksm1i, kuris bus uzbaigtas iki tam Will they have bought a new house by before
tikro momento ateityje the end of this month? AI' jie bus untilftill
nusipirklt naujq namq iki sio menesio
pabaigos?
He won't have fixed the car until this
evening. Jis nebus pataislts
automobilio iki sio vakaro.
by
• besitl<sianti biisim'l veiksm1i, kuris By six he will have been working for by the time
bus prasidejl<s pries tam tikr'l ateities two hours. Sestq bus dvi valandos, kai before
momentil ir tl<sisiki to momento jis jau dirba. untilftill
Informal
I You are on a working holiday in Ireland. Write a letter to your friend giving details and impressions.
2 You had arranged to meet a friend in town but it was quite impossible for you to be there. Explain why you were not able to meet him / her,
apologise for the inconvenience you have caused and suggest another meeting.
3 A friend who lives abroad will shortly be visiting your country and has asked you to make arrangements for his / her stay. Write a letter
informing him / her of what you have done.
4 You have received a present of some money from a relative. Write a letter thanking him or her for the present and saying what you intend
to do with it.
5 Your first letter to a pen-friend in America.
6 A letter congratulating a friend of yours who has just finished school.
7 While travelling abroad last summer you exchanged addresses with a person whom you had only known a short time. Write a letter giving news
of yourself.
8 A friend has asked you to recommend a good car-route to a well-known resort. Write a letter giving her / him advice and suggesting the places
she / he should see on the way.
9 You should have written a letter to a relation long ago to thank him / her for apresent but you forgot. Write a letter of thanks in which you
apologise for the delay in answering.
Formal
I You have just returned from a holiday which was not at all what you expected. Write a letter of complaint to the travel agent who arranged it
for you.
2 A computer you ordered has arrived but has been damaged in transit. Write a letter to the firm concerned pointing this out and asking what
action they propose to take.
3 Write to an English publishing firm asking for a catalogue of their latest publications.
4 You booked a room at a hotel abroad but now find that you will be unable to travel. Write a letter cancelling your confirmation.
5 An organisation abroad has offered scholarships for those wishing to study languages at a university. Write a letter stating your qualifications
and requesting that an application form be sent to you.
6 A foreigner has written to you inquiring about a flat you wish to let. Write an answer to this inquiry.
7 While in England you paid a visit to an English school. Write a letter of thanks to the Headteacher for all he did to make your visit interesting.
8 You have seen an advertisement in a newspaper inviting young people to work as camping leaders with children of all ages. Write your letter
of application.
Expressing opinion
I Will life be better in the future? 5 Are you in favour of or against exams being abolished?
2 Lithuanian and Maths are more important subjects than Art and Music. 6 Is a school uniform necessary?
3 Friends or family, which is more important? 7 Is school the best preparation for your working life?
4 Should parents limit the amount of television their children watch? 8 Should smoking be banned in all public places?
Providing solutions
I What can we do to make Lithuania an attractive country for tourists? 5 The ways of protecting the environment in your area.
2 The ways to maintain health and fitness. 6 The ways to improve the learning of foreign languages.
3 What could be done to stop the growth of crime? 7 How should endangered species be protected?
4 The ways to make your school more attractive for the students. 8 What might be done to reduce smoking among young people?
*when writing composition expressing opinion, you may include the opposite point of view (other
people's opinion) in a separate paragraph before the conclusion (final paragraph)
*the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of suggestions you want to
make
* the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of viewpoints you want to
state and discuss. Some of the following aspects should be included: psychological, social, educational,
political, moral, historical, economic, religious, scientific, artistic, geographical, personal
Type
of Greetings Opening phrases Middle paragraphs Closing phrases Endings
letter
Z Dear Sir or I am writing to you in To begin with, I would like I would be grateful if you Yours faithfully,
....
0
Madam, connection with ... to know ... would / could reply as soon (jei kreipinys
~ Dear Sirs, I am writing with regard to / In addition, I would be as possible. Dear Sir / Madam,)
:E To whom it may in regard to / with grateful if you could Thanking you for your time
~ reference to ... inform me ... and assistance.
0 concern,
~ I am writing to ask if you Furthermore, I would be I would like to thank you
....
Z
Dear Mr / Mrs / could inform me about ... grateful if you could also in advance. Yours sincerely,
~ Miss / Ms / Dr I was interested in your inform me about ... I look forward to your reply (jei kreipinys
0 Finally, I would be at your earliest Dear Mr / Mrs /
~ Brown, advertisement in ...
e,;, I would appreciate some interested in knowing ... convenience. Miss / Ms / Dr
....
Z further information about ... I look forward to hearing Brown,)
~
rJJ
Referring to your from you.
~ advertisement published in ...
Dear Sir or I am writing to give you As for ... I hope this information will be Yours faithfully,
Z Madam, information about ... Concerning ... of some help to you ... (jei kreipinys
0 I am writing in reply to your I would be happy to supply Dear Sir / Madam.)
e,;, •..• Dear Sirs, Regarding ...
To whom it may letter concerning / dated ... As far as ... is / are you with any further
~
~:E concern, In reply to your letter concerned ... information ... Yours sincerely,
~~ concerning ... If you need further (jei kreipinys
00
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / With reference to your letter information, do not hesitate Dear Mr / Mrs /
....
Z
Miss / Ms / Dr of ... to contact me. Miss / Ms / Dr
Brown, Brown,)
Dear Sir or I am writing with regard to / I have studied / been I look forward to hearing Yours faithfully,
Z Madam, in connection with your working for ... from you.! I look forward to (jei kreipinys
....
0
Dear Sirs, advertisement in ... I am presently your favourable reply. I Dear Sir / Madam.)
~ To whom it may I am writing to apply for the working for ... hope my application will be
....
U concern, position of (job) advertised I am familiar with / taken into consideration.
~ in (where) on (date) experienced in / If you feel that my
~
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / I am interested in applying for fluent in ... qualifications meet your Yours sincerely,
~ requirements, note that I am
Miss / Ms / Dr the job of ... As you can see from my (jei kreipinys
~ available for an interview at
0 Brown, curriculum vitae, ... Dear Mr / Mrs /
~ I believe I am suitable for your convenience. Miss / Ms / Dr
r.l I enclose / have attached a
Eo-< the position of ... Brown,)
Eo-< copy of my curriculum vitae
r.l I consider myself
~ well-qualified for the outlining my qualifications
position of ... and experience.
Dear Sir or I am writing to complain about The problem is ... I believe I am entitled to a Yours faithfully,
Madam, / make a complaint about ... I must mention / point out ... partial/full refund / (jei kreipinys
Dear Sirs, It was completely different To make matters worse ... immediate action / a Dear Sir / Madam,)
To whom it may from ... As if that was not bad replacement.
Eo-< concern, enough .,. I would be grateful if you
....
Z I am writing to you regarding / I was shocked / surprised ... would deal with this matter
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / in connection with ... I feel it To my amazement / as soon as possible. Yours sincerely,
~
~ Miss / Ms / Dr is absolutely unacceptable ... surprise ... I feel sure / am confident (jei kreipinys
:E Brown, / I am dissatisfied with ... Your advertisement / that this matter will receive Dear Mr / Mrs /
0 your prompt attention.
U brochure was misleading ... Miss / Ms / Dr
~ I regret that I am obliged to In your advertisement / I am afraid that if this matter Brown,)
0 complain about ... brochure you state is not dealt with
~ Unfortunately, it was nothing otherwise. immediately, I will ...
r.l
Eo-< like what I expected. You failed to mention that ... r hope to hear from you as
Eo-<
r.l soon as possible.
You led me to believe that ...
~ I look forward to hearing
from you. Thanking you in
advance.