You are on page 1of 158

14 English Topics

EXAM PRACTICE

vocabulary
use of English
reading & speaking
..
wr1t1ng
word bank

with kry

~~~ KMs=w
MUZIEJUS

Kaisiadorys 2006
1 Mike and Susan are Ruth and David's .
2 Nick and Carol are Susan's .
3 Maria is Phil and Virginia's .
4 David is Tom's .
5 Lucy is Mike and Susan's .
6 Nick is Tom's .
7 Lucy is Tom's .
8 Steve is Phil and Virginia's .
9 Phil and Virginia are Lucy's .
10 Ruth is David's .
11 Tom is Steve's .
12 Nick, Lucy and Steve are .
13 Ruth is Carol's .
14 David is Phil's .
15 Carol is Lucy's .

polite communicative rude funny active ambitious


jealous self-confident nervous caring loyal industrious
stubborn hard-working generous outgoing lazy ill-bread
pessimistic narrow-minded miserable forgetful arrogant calm

1 He was always very as a child and hated going to parties or meeting new people.
2 If you lend me the money, I'll be very .
3 Mary's father was too and never allowed his teenage daughter to wear make-up.
4 I wish you should grow up. You're so .
5 A good friend is someone who is kind, considerate and totally .
6 I wish I were as as Paul. He makes up stories to read to the children at bedtime without the least effort.
7 Shirley hates waiting for anything. She's so .
8 Ruth is a girl, always looking at herself in mirrors and thinking how fine she is.
9 I think I won't go to the party and stay here on my own, I'm not feeling very today.
10 My parents don't mind my crazy hair style. They are very .
shoulder-length teenager wavy thick dark-eyed
over sixteen straight fashionable under five blonde
in hisfher earty thirties welL-buiLt plaited smart attractive
oroaQ-shOU\QeleQ plump overweight sfun Q)'eQ
middle-aged trnn curl)' aQult pensioner
in his/her late forties handsome

Age

Build

1 Read the text carefully. Each line has a missing word. Use the words from the box to complete the
sentences. Use the word only once. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where a word is missing. Write the
missing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you.

I envy people who can say / they are in a few simple words. o ...•Y)JP .
For me, not easy. Nationality? Well ... I have two passports. 1 .
English or American, or other way around - for I was 2 .
born in Alabama, but have lived most my life in England. 3 .
Occupation? I'm ex-everything. A director of a large 4 .
advertising agency, a theatre press officer, a porter in hospital, 5 .
a broadcaster, a cookery writer. One summer I even worked a 6 .
cowboy. When things really got desperate, I sank to a 7 .
teacher of English foreign students. 8 .
Since that the job I actually liked best, let's say I'm an ex- 9 .
teacher, now a freelance writer. I'm very sociable, perhaps 10 .
I'm happiest alone, reading a book. I as tall as a basketball 11 .
player, but I hate all sports swimming. Now, if I've confused 12 .
you, imagine it's like being me. 13 .

2 Read the passage from Rachel's interview. If the lines are correct, put a tick (/) next to the number
of the line. If the line has a word that shouldn't be there, underline the extra word and write it next to
the number of the line, a~ in the example.

I grew up in the north London and by the age of five I knew what I o .. JM .
wanted to do and was determined to do it. In fact, I was a typical girlie 00 :f .
girl: I dressed up for in my mum's high heels, I used to wear make-up, 1 .
I was going to the ballet classes and was already in love with my
first boyfriend.
I have fond memories of my school days but I do remember coming in
home crying on occasions. I wasn't majorly popular at the school. I
never suffered physical bullying but I put up with about some bitchy,
catty comments. There are so many different sides of bullying and it's
all terrible, whether it's mental or physical. It affects to you no matter
what form it takes. I guess I was a lucky because I could always talk 9
with my parents about it. 10 .
At the 15 I was an average student. My parents always told me to do 11
my best and that's all that mattered. 12
As soon as I turned 17, I have passed my driving test and my life took 13
off. I finished my business course at college and then I left to 14
work for a film company. I still live at the home which may sound a 15
bit sad, but my parents have been so too cool that I have never felt the 16
need to get away from them. I have my independence, I have my car, 17
so I for basically do what I want. I'm so happy at the moment I can't tell you. 18

0: 1 What is..y,o.lJx. ~umame , please? P: I finished secondary school in 1990 with GCSE
P: Poloni. in six subjects.
0: 2 •.••••••••••••.•.....•••••••••..••••....•...•••.........••••• ? 0: One more question please. 8 ?
P: It's Alberto. P: I speak German and French fluently and under-
0: 3.................•.......•.......•..................•........ ? stand Polish.
P: 22"d June 1972. 0: 9 ....•......•....................................................... ?
0: 4 ................••.•••........•.••.•.••••••••.•••..••••••.... ? P: Well, I'm very keen on basketball and enjoy gar-
P: I'm Italian. dening as well.
0: ? 0: I see. 1O .•...•••••••••••.••••••••.•••••••.•••.••••••.••••••••••••••.• ?
P: I'm a mechanic. P: I'm going to stay here for fourteen months.
6 ...........................•••..........•.................... ? 0: 11.•••...•...•.••••...••.....••••.......••••.•....••••...••.....••. ?
P: I'm divorced, my wife and two children live P: It's 14 Venecia Street, Rome.
in France. 0: 12 .•••.••.•••.•......••..••••...........•..•.••..•••.•••..•........ ?
0: 7 ...•....•...•..•.......•••••.•............................... ? P: It's 62 London Road, Brighton.

READING and SPEAKING


Read the biography of Linda Smith and make b) Read the chart for Tony Denison and tell
a chart for her as it is shown in Part b. his biography as it has been done in Part a.

Linda Smith, a famous singer and star of the Top Twenty,


vas born in Bristol in 1960. Her parents originally came
from Ireland. Linda's father was a Customs Officer in the Background - born Edinburgh, Scotland
Bri tol docks. He died a few years ago. Her mother was a 1938. Father novelist, mother teacher.
, ousewife. Linda, who has two sisters, grew up in the suburbs Parents from Wales originally. Only child.
of Bristol. She started her education at a local school and
en moved to a large, modern comprehensive school in
other part of the city. After leaving school when she was
I . Linda went to Bristol University for three years to study Later education - Edinburgh High School
ruslOry and economics. While she was at university, Linda for boys.
. ined a university folk group and started singing. It was at
- . rime that she wrote her famous song 'Let's Hope'. Soon Early career - journalist in Edinburgh, later
- "'rfinishing her university career Linda joined another group London.
began to earn money with her songs. When she was 21,
~ da was married to Ivor Jones who also was a student. Later career - still writing successful books
a and Ivor have three children - a daughter, Eve, and (all bestselIers).
o ons. Daniel and Mark. For several years the Jones family
- e been living in a beautiful farm house in the country Other information - won the 'Best
Bristol, but recently they decided to leave Bristol Detective Srory Writer of the Year' award
:: O\'e to Florida. in 1977. Married - wife dead now.
2 Nine sentences have been removed from the text Sun, Sea ... and Surf Wax on p. 8-9. Study the sentences
A-J and choose the one that fits each gap 1-8. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A My friends consider me to be a sociable person.


B I get on with all my family, but especially my mum.
e So I ended up staying in on a Saturday night.
D I've won sackloads of competitions and now it's a way of life for me.
E I'd rather have a proper conversation because flirting makes me feel an idiot.
F He is the greatest - he's only one and he's mental.

G I love Newquay, but I'm not sure I want to live here all the time.
R He's one of my best friends.
I I've been trying to stay in because I need to get fit but what's a boy to do when his mates go out all the time?
J I can be a loner sometimes because I like to really think about things .

(line 6) · .. the surf would be phenomenal. (line 30) ... he's got the gift of the gab ...
(line 7) ... I'm a complete addict. (line 35) · .. a girl scored high ...
(line 13) · .. cruising round the town. (line 37) · .. I plucked up the nerve to speak ...
(line 15) · .. most of them dress to the nines. (line 42) · .. cake on the make-up.
(line 23) ... he's always on the pull. (line 45) ... this girl definitely perked up ...
(line 26) ... without putting on a front. (line 78) The surfing lifestyle's unbeatable ...
(line 29) · .. totally geared towards pulling. (line 81) ... who I can hang out ...
(line 30) Rich was in his element ...

4 Find these phrasal verbs in the text and underline them, then use them in the correct form to complete
the given sentences.

1 Why are the policemen in such a rush? - I think they the thief.
2 Smelly feet definitely will the other people .
3 How can you expect to make friends when you and only read books all the time?
4 Mrs Morgan her neighbour since the time she came here; they are similar in character.
5 Can you guess who I yesterday quite unexpectedly?
6 I want to have the evenings free for with my friends.

SUN, SEA •.. AND SURF WAX


Meet Josh Knowles, an 18-year-old champion surfer sister Jade's dog but all my family love him. Rich is a
from Newquay, who's agreed to let us in on what he thinks fellow surfer. We've travelled all over the world together
about life, love and being single. Brace yourself - you're entering competitions. He's girl mad. When we go out
about to discover how a boy's mind really works. he's always on the pull. As for m~. I'm tired of chatting
5 Friday 9 am. Looked out of the window this morning up girls (and getting no\ here). I wouldn't mind having a
and just knew the surf would be phenomenal. I've been 25 proper girlfriend who I auld spend time with without
surfing since I was eight years old and I'm a complete putting on a front or feeling n~rvous. Who knows, maybe
addict. [Q]Q=:J Surfing and girls - the two most important I'll find someone toni~ ?
things in the world. Just joking! 9 pm. We ended a: a ar called Springbok, one of
10.30 am. Bumped into a couple of surfer friends at those places which is 0 y geared towards pulling. Rich
Fistral Beach. Looks like it's going to be a big night out was in his eleme (- ~'- go' rhe gift of the gab and can
tonight! ~ Newquay is a real party place, and me talk to anyone . g. whereas I tend to hold
and my mates like nothing better than cruising round the back.~ spots rhe girl he likes, he calls
town. There are so many girls around on a Saturday night her 'ripe'. as i - . look at her, she's ripe!' It's a
15 but most of them dress to the nines. I prefer chilled-out horrible ph; -~ - i but it's a Rich favourite.
surfer girls and you've got to search hard to find them - 35 A chee.~· •'-' g behind the bar scored high
even in Newquay. Had a good surf by the way. on Ri h's ':-:r he disappeared to try his
6 pm. My friend Rich came round to have a few beers lu k ,i- '-~ . --- _ ;::,cO e I plucked up the nerve to
and we played with my dog Riley~ He is my little ~ ~ - :.: .: - 0 .e was quite nice, but only to
look at. As soon as she opened her mouth, she bored me hung out on the beach in-between. My friend Paddy came
senseless. I think that's the problem with girls my age: down to Fistral and we chilled at a cafe, chatting and
they think all they need to do is put on a short skirt and people-watching (OK, girl-watching). I've known Paddy
cake on the make-up. I don't meet many girls who are for years. [][=:J?addy didn't go out last night because
attractive on the inside as well, but that's what I'm after. 65 he was still recovering from the night before. Paddy wasn't
Newquay girls think it's cool to go out with a surfer and surprised to hear Rich had been on the pull at Springbok.
45 this one definitely perked up when I let slip my surfing (By the way Rich crashed and burned with the cheeky
credentials. That completely turned me off! I don't know blonde.)
why girls like surfers. We're just normal guys at the end 11 pm. After the beach Paddy came back to my house
of the day. and we just chilled, watching TV and listening to Coldplay.
11.30 pm. Finally left Rich to it and walked home There was a house party going on but we weren't in the
girlless. It was a beautiful night with tons of stars in the mood. Everyone's so intent on being 'cool' and I can't
sky. ~ I want to see more of the world - hopefully be bothered with all that. [][:=J Don't tell anyone.
through surfing. I fell asleep thinking about Bali, my board, Sunday 6 pm. Sometimes, if the surf's not good, I
a nice girl and me. 75 go and sit on the beach and watch the waves. IIC:J
Saturday 10 am. Mum woke me up with a cup of tea. Most of my friends have moved away to university, so I
55 ~ She's the coolest mum ever and never annoys need to start making decisions about what I'm going to
me (OK, that's an exaggeration). My older sister's in do with my life. The surfing lifestyle's unbeatable but
Australia now with her boyfriend. I've been working for just recently I've been thinking about what else I could
my dad, who's got his own roofing business. ButI'd rather do. I love my mates but I want to find someone special,
work in a surf shop so I can combine work with pleasure. who I can hang out without any pressure to put on act.
3 pm. Went surfing all morning and afternoon and But I'm sure things will work out.

Draw your own family trees. Show your grandparents, uncles, aunts, brothers and sisters, nieces and
nephews and leave three blanks. Explain your family tree to your partner. Slhe should ask questions to
find out the three blanks.

You got acquainted with a fellow / girl from Britain at the party. Both of you are eager to know each
other better. Find out everything about each other's personality, likes and dislikes, free time activities.

Ask your friend to meet your cousin at the station. In your conversation you and your friend are free
to ask and answer various questions concerning your cousin's. appearance.

d Imagine that you are an official and your partner is someone who has just arrived in Britain. Ask
questions which are usually given by an immigration officer.

Imagine that your partner is a stranger and you want to find out this information about her / him. Use the
- y words and expressions given below.
Names: mother's first name, her / his full name, street where s/he lives
_ umbers: date of birth, phone, flat or house, post code
Fayourite: colour, food, drink, school subject(s), sport, film stares), singer(s)
Pius: five or six pieces of information about her / his family, relations

L se the following questions and sentences in mini-dialogues of your own.


: "\\nat does she look like now? 2 I could hardly recognise her. 3 Has she changed much since you saw her last?
- ·our husband is as handsome as he used to be. 5 Can you describe the man for the police? 6 I took him for
Italian. 7 She is on a slimming diet now. 8 You don't look a year older than you looked five years ago.

- in small groups. Study the words given below with your friends. Find out the ten qualities which
of your friends think are very important and five qualities which you think are not important in a
spouse. Explain your choice.

eat match is someone who is .....


- ~ a animals, generous, able to cook, tolerant, affectionate, well-off, the same age as me, adaptable, a non-
."'f. intelligent, interested in the same things as me, sincere, witty, adventurous, good with children, from the

background, attractive, broad-minded, sensitive, from a good family, educated.


WRITING

\f
1 To find out how much you already know about the differences in the layout of informal and formal
letters tick one or two boxes if the statement is correct.
Informal Formal Neither
(Inf) (F) (N)
1 You write your first and last names in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J
2 You write your address without your name in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J
3 You needn't write your address. c:::J c::J c:::J
4 You write the date under your address. c:::J c::J c:::J
5 You write the name and address of the person you are writing to on
the left, above Dear X. CJ c::J CJ
6 You usually begin with Dear ... c:::J c::J c:::J
7 You usually begin with Dear Friend, Dear Brother, Dear Cousin. c:::J c::J c:::J
8 You begin with Dear SirlMadam, Dear Sir, Dear Madam,
Dear Editor, Dear Dr Brown, Dear Mr Mason. c:::J c::J CJ
9 You begin with Dear Pat, Dear Robert, Dear Mum. c:::J c::J CJ
10 You give all the necessary information organised in paragraphs. CJ c::J c:::J
11 You cannot use contractions (eg she's, I'd, we're). c:::J c::J CJ
12 You can use colloquial, idiomatic expressions and slang. c:::J c::J c:::J
13 You finish Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully. c:::J c::J c:::J
14 You finish with Lots of love, Best wishes, Bye for now, Best of luck. c:::J c::J c:::J
15 You sign your name clearly in full. c:::J c::J c:::J
16 You print your name under your signature. c:::J c::J c:::J

1 Dear Sir a To finish business letters beginning with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam'.
2 Dear Mr Smith b To finish a formal letter to a correspondent whose name you know.
3 Dear Sir / Madam c Salutations for friends and relatives and close colleagues.
4 Dear Jack d To begin a letter when you don't know if your correspondent is a man or a woman.
5 Yours faithfully e Salutations in letters to people who you normally call by their last name.
6 Yours sincerely f For beginning a formal letter to a man whose name you do not know.

,. 3 The paragraphs in the following letter are jumbled. Put them in the correct order by numbering them.
J
3 Carton Avenue
London SW 30B
12th May, 2003
Dear Rosalind,
[A[J I suppose you'll think that I've gone quite mad, had another of my idiotic ideas, but you'll be wrong.
It's true I have given up my job but the urge to do just that has been building up for a lona time, as you
know. 'Why Rome?' I hear you ask. Well, Roz, I did spend four years at Universi .' porina over boring
Italian grammar books and studying Dante. I got a good degree and then what? A job in a bank.' And not
even in the Foreign Exchange Department. To think I spent behind that coumer Se1en years.' I deserve a
medal but, as I can't award myself one, I have decided on a holiday in Rome' 'ead.
ffi[J Hello.' How are you? It seems ages since we last met and I have so mud, ;0: 'f you ThatI don't know
where to start. First, by the time you get this letter I will be enjoying the si his ~ I al. - Rome to be precise.
lIT] This letter is rather incoherent but I have such a lot to say. OM In case /'':oruT, thank you for the
lovely birthday card. The 2nd of May was quite a day: my thirtieth binlultr... " _ aid I'll have to finish
this letter - I have so much to do. I'll be in touch very soon.
[Q[] This last year has brought some changes. It all began, I dare say, when my marriage had broken up.
George and I haven't begun divorce proceedings yet but it's only a matter of time. There's no chance of a
reconciliation: I certainly don't want one and I don't think George does either deep down but he still
speaks about 'a fresh start' and 'trying to make a go of it' whenever we meet. He's not a stupid man but
he does love to talk much. I'm glad now that we never had children.
OOIJ Every day here is an adventure. I don't do much except wander about the city, looking, listening,
taking photographs and enjoying my freedom. Coming here was a brilliant idea. But please don't
think that I don't understand that this euphoria can't last forever. I realise that I must come down to
earth - and pretty soon. In fact, I am actively looking for a job and there was rather an interesting
one advertised in the 'Times' last week. However, I can't bring myself to fill in the application form
- not just yet. Would you be an angel and do it for me and send it off? I'd be eternally grateful and
as you know more about me than I know about myself, it shouldn't be too hard a task. My old boss,
the manager of the Duke Avenue branch of Silvers bank, will give me a reference (the postal code
is W12 3NN - London, of course).
Best wishes,
Maud
PS Note that I've gone back to using my maiden name.
PPS I've signed the form already, I don 't want you to commit forgery!

4 Who is Maud writing this letter to and why? Is it a personal or formal letter? Is the format and language
appropriate for this type of letters? Why? / Why not? What do the abbreviations PS and PPS mean?

5 Read the letter above once more and fill in the application form.

APPLICATION FORM To be completed in BLOCK letters

1 Date of Birth: Age:


Single Married Separated Widowed (tick as appropriate)
2 Surname: First name:
3 How many dependent children under 21 have you?
4 How many years of higher education have you?
5 What are your academic qualifications?
6 What foreign languages do you speak?
7 Are you employed at present?
8 What's your present job? 10 What was your previous job?
9 How long have you held that post? 11 How long did you hold that post?
12 Name and address of referee.
Signature: Maud Dunne Date 12th May, 2003

6 These statements may be found in application forms. Translate them into the Lithuanian language. Consult
a dictionary if necessary.

- 1 Missing information will delay your acceptance.


2 All pages requiring a signature must be signed.
:::
'"'.) List any school qualifications you have now.
4 We require certified copies of certificates.
5 Do you have any employment experience - paid or voluntary?
6 Give information about your interests and ambitions - particularly those which are relevant to the course you
are applying for.
Please include evidence. of your previous work: drawings, photographic slides or prints, video or audio
recordings which you think supports your application.
I confirm that the information I have given in the application is correct.
9 I support this application and confirm that I will accept responsibility for fees.
7 While travelling on a ferry to Finland during your school holidays you got acquainted and exchanged
addresses with your peer. Write a letter of 150-180 words giving information about yourself. Be sure to:

• remember your first meeting on the ferry


• tell about your family and your living place
• tell about your school curriculum and express your preferences
• give your personal characteristics and describe your spare time activities
• ask your friend to write you back and send you his/her picture

WORD BANK

acceptance l;Jk' sept;Jnslpriemimas front IfrAntl kauke, veido israiska


acquaint 1;J'kwemtl susipazinti foreign /'fonnl uzsienio, uzsienietiskas
actually I'rektJu;Jli!is tikrtti4, tiesll.sakant gift ofthe gab Igrebl (inftnl) gebejimas laisvai vesti pokalbi
addict/'redlktl turintis manijll.zmogus geared towardsl'gl;Jd t;J'w'J:dz/tinkamas
affect 1;J'fektl (pa)veikti get on sutarti,sugyventi
allow sb to do sth 1;J'lau/leisti grateful I'grertfll dekingas
annoy 1;J'll'JUerzinti, pykinti guy fgar! vyras, vaikinas
apply 1;J'plauprasyti hang out IhreIJ/leisti 1aikll.
application l,replI'keIJnI prasymas include Im'klu:dl itraukti
average I'rev(;J)ndy'vidutinis, vidutiniskas incoherent l,mbu'hr;Jr;Jntl padrikas
award 1;J'w'J:d! apdovanojimas independence l,mdr'pend;Jnsl nepriklausomybe
basically I'belslklil is esmes intent (on) Im'tent! siekiantis
bitchy I'brtJil kandus least /Ii:stl maziausiai
bore Ib'J:1 igristi lend (lent, lent) sb sth paskolinti
bother I'bOD;J1trukdyti list Ilrstl pateikti sll.rasll.
brace Ibrersl isitempus laukti loner /'l;Jun;J1vienisius
branch Ibra:ntJI filialas majorly I'meld3;Jlillabai
bully I'buli! (i)bauginti, priekabiauti make (made, made) up isgal voti
bump into IbAmpl susidurti su mate Imelt! draugas
catty I'kretil klastingas mental I'mentll psichinis, proto
certificate IS;J' trfrbU pazymej imas mind Imamdl protas, supratingumas
certify I's3:trfau patvirtinti missing I'mrslIJI tIiikstamas
chat up ItJretl snekinti mood Imu:dl nuotaika
cheeky I'tJi:kil izUlus; selmiskas peer Ipr~1 bendraamzis
colloquial Ib'bukwr;JII snekamosios kalbos perk up IP3:kl atkusti
come round IkArnI uZsukti physical/' fIZrkll fizinis, kuno
confirm Ibn' f3:ml patvirtinti pluck up the nerve sukaupti visll.drll.Sll.
cotraction Ibn 'trrekJnl trumpinys pore over Ip'J:/ buti inikusiam
counter l'kaunt;J1 prekystalis precise Ipn'sarsl tikslus
credentials Ikn'denJlzI statusll. nurodantys dokumentai preference I'pref( ~)r;msl polinkis, tai kas labiau megstama
cruise round Ikru:zI vaziuoti masina neskubant pressure /'preJ~1 itampa
curriculum 1k;J'nkjul;JrnImokymo program a previous /'pri:vr~sl ankstesnis
defmitely I'def(;J)n;Jtlilaiskiai, tikrai pull /pull (infinl) vilioti
delay Idr'leu sugaisinti, atideti put on act apsimetindi
deserve Idr'Z3:vl nusipelnyti put up with pakt(sti, toleruoti
divorce Idr'v'J:sl skyrybos quality /'kwoldtil sa ybe
dress to the nines apsirengti ypac puosniai reconciliation I,rebnsili 'erJn/ susitaikymas
effort I' ef;Jtl pastanga recover In'kAV;J1atsigauti
element l'elIm;Jntlstichija referee l,ref;J'ri:l rekomenduojantis asmuo
eternally 1r't3:n(;J)liIamzinai reference I'ref(;J)r;Jnslrekomendacija
evidence l'evrd;J)nsl irodymas relevant I'rel;Jv(;J)ntlsvarbus
exaggeration Irg,zred3;J'reIJnIperdejimas require In' kwal reikalaUli
fee /fi:l mokestis responsibility In,spo S;J'bll;Jtilatsakomybe
fellow /'fel;Jul vaikinas ripe !ralpl pribrend ,5. sunokt(s
fond ffond! meilus rush !rAJI skubejimas
freelance f'fri:lo:nsf laisvai samdomas sackload I'srek];Jud!maisas (kiekis)
search IS3:t[1 ieskoti suburb I'SAb3:bl priemiestis
senseless /'sensl;JsI beprasmiskas surfer /'s3:[;JI banglentininkas
sights Isaltsl izymybes, reginiai take sb I sth for Itelkl palaikyti kuo nors kitu
signature /'sIgn;JtS;JI parasas take off staigiai pagereti
sign Isaml pasirasyti tend to Itendl bliti linkusiam
slang Islrel]1 zargonas totally l't;Jutli/ visiskai
spot Ispotl pamatyti turn sb off It3:n/ atstumti
suffer I'SA[;JIkenteti urge 13:d31poreikis, reikme
supportls;J'IX':t/ paremti voluntary /'vol;Jnt(;J)ri/savanoriskas

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


family members and relatives I relations
nuclear family: father, mother; daughter; son; brother; sister
extended family: aunt, uncle, cousin; niece Ini:sl dukterecia; nephew /'nefju:, 'nevju:1 slinenas; grandparents: grandfather,
grandmother; grandchildren: grandson, granddaughter; one-parent family
spouse Ispausl sutuoktinis: husband, wife; in-laws: daughter-in-law marti; son-in-law zentas; brother-in-law dieveris,
svainis; sister-in-law mosa, svaine, broliene; father-in-law uosvis, sesuras; mother-in-law anyta, uosve
steprelationship: stepfather patevis; stepmother pamote; stepdaughter podukra; stepson posilnis; half-brother ibrolis;
half-sister isesere; foster-parents iteviai; orphan /''J:f'dn/ naslaitis; adopt ivaikinti; bring up I raise uzauginti She brought
up four children. Linda's parents died and she was raised by her aunt.
relative I relation giminaitis; close I distant; relate Are you any relation to Jim Brown? -I'm not related to him in any way.
ancestor I' rensest'dl protevis; descendant IdI' send'dn t/ palikuonis
marital status seimynine padetis: not married I unmarried, married; single neved«s, netekejusi; separated I divorced
(teisiskai) issiskyrl(s(usi); widow nasle; widower naslys
job, occupation, profession
accountant I book-keeper buhalteris; artist dailininkas; businessman I businesswoman verslininkas(-e); carpenter I
'ka:pmt'dl dailide; civil servant tarnautojas; clerk Ikla:kl klerkas, rastvedys; designer IdI'Zam'dl konstruktorius,
projektuotojas; driver; electrician Ir,lek'trrInl elektrikas; engineer l,end:3l'm'dl; hairdresser kirpejas; housewife nam!.!
seimininke; interpreter Im't3:prrt'dl vertejas (iodiiu); journalist /'d33:n'dlrstl zurnalistas; lawyer /'bj'dl teisininkas;
manager vadybininkas; manicurist /'mremkju'drrstl manikiilrininkas; masser Imre's3:1 masazistas; musician Imju'zrIn/;
nurse 1ll3:s1 med. sesuo; optician lop'trInl optikas; plumber /'plAm'dl santechnikas; railway-man gelezinkelietis;
salesman I saleswoman I shop assistant pardaveja(s); secretary; soldier /'s'duld3'd1 kareivis; surgeon I'S3:d3('d)nl
~hirurgas; technician Itek'mInl technikas; translator vertejas (rastu); typist asmuo, spausdinantis masinele
employment Irm'pbrm'dntl idarbinimas; employee Irm'pbri: ,empbr'i:1 dirbantysis; employ Irm'pbr/ idarbinti; employer
rm'pbr'dl darbdavys
erson's character What is he like? - Koks)o bildas, charakteris?
sent-minded/,rebs'dnt'marndrdl issiblaskl(s economical li:b'nomrkl/ taupus
ptable I'd'drept'dbl/ mokantis prisitaikyti energetic I, en::l'd3etrk/ energingas
. ectionate 1'd'fekIn'dt/ meilus envious I'envr'dsl pavydus
~bitious lrem'brI'dsl trokStantis sekmes, ambicingas flexible /'fleks'dbl/ lankstus, prisitaikantis
nTogant/'rer'dg'dnt/ arogantiskas forgetful Ib'getfll uzmarsus
astful /'b'dustfll pagyrilnas frank IfrreI]k/ atviras
right Ibrartl sumanus generous l'd3en'dr'dsl dosnus
road-minded I, bnd 'marndrd/ tolerantiskas good-tempered I, 9 ud 'temp'ddl gero bildo
Ika:rn/ tylus, ramus grateful/' grertfll dekingas
, g l'ke'drrI]1 paslaugils, uzjauCiantis greedy I'gri:dij gobsus
eerful/'tj'r'dflliinksmas hospitable Iho 'sprt'dbl/ svetingas
. dish 1'tj'arldrII vaikiskas hot-tempered I,hot'temp'dd/ karstakosis
y /'klArnzi/ nerangus hypocritical I,hrp'd'krrtrkl/ veidmainiskas
unicative Ib'mju:nrk'dtrvl kalbus, linkl(s bendrauti ill-bread I mannered blogai isaukletas
cientious l,konIi 'enI 'dsl s'l.ziningas ill-tempered l,rI 'temp'ddl irzlus, vaidingas
nsiderate Ibn'srd( 'd)r'dtl atidus, rilpestingas imaginative /r'mred3rn'dtrvl lakios vaizduotes
perative Ibu'op('d)r'dtrvl paslaugus impatient/rm'perIntl nekantrus
tive Ikri 'ertrvl kilrybingas impolite I,rmp'd'lartl nemandagus
'ng l'kAmI]1 klastingas industrious Im'dAstri'dsl darbstus, stropus
rmined Idr't3:mrnd/ ryztingas intelligent 1m'telrd3('d)nt/ protingas, sumanus
-to-earth konkretus, praktiskas intolerant 1m 'tobr'dntl netolerantiskas
. going l,i:zi'g'dUII]1 ramus jealous l'd3ebsl pavyduliaujantis
just Idy>.stl teisingas selfish I'selflJI savanaudis
lazy I'lerzil tingus sensible I'sens;lbll protingas, blaiviai galvojantis
loyal I'bl;lll istikimas sensitive I'sens;ltlvl jautrus
mean Imi:nl sykstus shy IJar! drovus
miserable I'IlliZ(;l)r;lbll nelaimingas, apgailetinas sincere Ism'sl;ll nuosirdus
modestl'modlstl kuklus sociable I's;luJ;lbll draugingas, megstantis bendrauti
moody I'mu:dil paniurC(s,liudnas stingy I'stmd3il sykstus
narrow-minded I,nrer;lu 'mamdldl ribotqpaziUrlt strict Istnktl grieztas
naughty I'n:>:til isdykC(s strong-minded l,strDIJ'mamdldJ stiprios valios
nervous l'n3:v;lsl nervingas, nuogitstaujantis stubborn l'stAb;lnl uzsispyrC(s
obstinate I' obstm;ltl uzsispyrC(s sympathetic I, SImP;l'eetlkl uzj auciantis
outgoing l,aut'g;luIlJI draugiskas, mielas tactful I' trektfll taktiskas
outspoken I,aut'sp;lubnl tiesmukas thorough l'eAr;l1 kruopstus
persistent Ip;l' slst;lntl atkakl us thrifty I'enftil taupus
quick-tempered I,kwrk'temp;ldl karstas, umus touchy I'tAtJil jautrus
quick-witted l,kwlk'Wltldl nuovokus, sumanus trustworthy l'trAst,w3:oil patikimas
reliable Irr'lal;lbll patikimas two-faced I, tu: 'ferstl dviveidis
reserved In'z3:vdl santurus vain Iveml tuscias
resolute I'rez;l,lu:tl ryztingas violent I'val;ll;lntl siautejantis, smarkus, umus
rude Iru:dl grubus witty I'wltil sitmojingas
self-assured I confident pasitikintis savimi

build and general appearance


How tall is he? - He is about lover sixfeet tall I of medium height I not very tall I rather short. He is two metres in height.
attractive patrauklus; handsome, fashionable, smart puosnus, madingas; good-looking, broad-shouldered, well-
built; chubby I'tJAbi/ putnus; fat Istout storas, apkunus; slim 1 slender, thin He has put on some weight I got thinner
I lost weight. He's a bit overweight. She takes after her father. Ji panasi i savo teti-
age and age periods
child (children); teenager paauglys; teenage paaugliskas; adult 1 grown-up suaugC(szmogus; a middle-aged woman;
be 2 months 1 5 years etc sb's junior I senior She is 5 years my junior I senior. Ji penkeriais metais ui mane jaunesne
(vyresne). elder vyresnis; eldest vyriausias; elderly pagyvenC(s;the elderly pagyven£2imones My elder brother is three
years older than me. How old is she? - She is in his / her early I mid- I late thirties. What does she look like? Kaip ji
atrodo? - She doesn't look her age. aged Most girls aged between 13 and 16 want to be models.
grow old senti; retire iseiti ipensijit; be on pension; a pensioner He retired at 60. Now he is on pension.
face
plump putlus, apvalus, oval, long, square, thin; a serious - faced man, a freckle-faced girl strazdanota mergaite Her cheeks
are chubby (putLUs)I hollow (ikrit~. She's rosy-cheeked (rausvaskruoste). Her lips are thin I full.
The complexion (veido oda) is dark, fair, healthy, sallow (isblyskusi, pageltusi). The features (veido bruoiai) are regular,
delicate, striking (pritrenkiantys, ispudingi), plain (paprasti; negraius). As far as I remember, he has (grown) a bushy beard.
A year ago he wore a neatly-trimmed moustache 1m;}'sta.j/ (usai).
eyes brown, dark, hazel, black or a green-eyed girl; have big/large 1almond-shaped eyes; He has small I deep-set I large I
wide-set I blue eyes with long, thick eyelashes.
nose big, small, long, straight, crooked kreiva, rounded His/her nose is hooked (kumpa) I snub (trumpa riesta). She is
a snub-nosed girl.
hair fair sviesus, dark, chesnut kastoniniai, golden, dyed IdaJdl dazyti; wavy banguoti; curly garbanoti; frizzy labai
garbanoti; thin, thick, soft; with blonde highlights / streaks Istri:ksl sviesiomis sruogelemis; a straight-haired girl, a
skinheaded man, a blonde, a brunette; shoulder-length, plaited I'plretldl sup inti i kasq, pony tailed suristi i 'arklio
uodegit' She wears her hair plaited. fringe Ifnnd:Y' kirpCiukai She has a fringe. a crew-cut plaukai pakirpti eziuku;
wear the hair in a tight knot 1 in pigtails trumpos kasytes I in dreadlocks virvutemis suristi plaukai (juodaodiil{
sukuosena) She wears her hair long Ishort 1 with a side I centre parting (sklastymas). He's bald I his hair is receding.
He used to have black hair but now it's gone grey, almost white.
VOCABULARY

basement block of flats landing porch terraced house cottage


bungalow remote control table mat attic vacuum cleaner rubbish bin
curtains detached house cooker oven electric meter wardrobe
nursery towel-rack dishwasher villa ground floor ironing board
semi-detached house

1 travel q.g~f!L . 4 telephone . 7 flower .


news ,{!gmt. . cookery . hall .
estate .r!gmL . note . umbrella .
2 dining . 5 drier 8 bell
changing . .... ................... dres ser . handle
living . . brush . man
3 coat 6 sill 9 land
......................... wife ........................... pane ..................... economics
.................... warming ..................... shopping ............................. work

_ :\1ake the opposites of the adjectives by using the prefix un- or the suffix ·less. Then fill in the gaps
with the most suitable word.

airy - ..q..i.df!.~L . practical - useful - . tidy - .


olourful - . tasteful - spacious - . crowded - .

I I find an electric fan very to have at home when the heat outside is incredible.
_ Pale carpets are if you have kids.
A(n) room doesn't have enough fresh air.
-t What a(n) room; the books and things are scattered everywhere.
- The curtains in my room attract everybody's attention.
6 It was an ugly room with decorations and shabby furniture.
- We have just moved to a new apartment as it is more than the previous one.
The room was so with different pieces of old furniture that it was impossible to breathe.
Our house is not very large, but it is (1) c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and well planned. It is a small two-storyed
(2) d house. In front of the house there is a green (3) 1 and a lot of flowers. Behind
it there is a little (4) 0 with a few fruit trees in it. On the (5) g floor there is a
(6) k , a pantry, a dining-room, a (7) c sitting-room and my father's (8) s . There
are several rooms (9) u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the first floor: my parents' (10) b , Grandmother's
room, which is also my little brother's (11) n , my room and a (12) b . The
(13) C is modern and quite new. But my father says he has to pay a lot of money for the
house, (14) h , gas and (15) e .

1 George redecorated his room with flowery a) with woods, fields and a small river.
wallpaper b) only a shower and a basin, but he didn't mind.
2 She furnished the rooms with what she had c) because they both had difficulty climbing
already owned stairs.
3 The old couple decided to buy a bungalow d) which had been rebuilt and turned into a
4 My family has lived in this farmhouse for years modern house.
5 My home town is surrounded by lovely e) and the flat felt damp and chilly.
countryside f) and painted the floor light brown.
6 There's a knock at the door. g) I always take the lift.
7 Their house was an old farm building, h) because she couldn't afford to buy new
8 Peter's bathroom didn't have a bath, furniture.
9 It had been raining for a week, i) and we have always raised horses here too.
10 I live on the 25th floor of a block of flats so j) Can you see who it is?

1 A: Good morning. I'm Jack Green. I've come to see the 1.•................................ renting
B: Come in and have a look, please. It's the one 2•...••....•..••.••..••.••.•..•..• mine. landlady
A: Are you a 3 here too? room
B: Yes, I've been 4 •.•.••.•••••••••.••.••.•......... from Mrs Kent for three years. tenant
A: Is Mrs Kent the 5 here? next to
B: Yes, she's very kind and friendly.

2 A: You look happy, Jane. estate agent


B: Yes, we're going to 6 .•..•..•••...•........•...•..•... to our new house next week. movem
A: Have you signed the 7...................••.......•.... ? keys
B: Yes, and I'm going to pick up the 8 ......................•.......... from the contract
9•••••.••..•..•.••.•.•••••...•••.• tomorrow.

3 A: What is your 10........•....••..••••........•..• like?


B: It's not too bad. There's a fairly large sink and the cooker next at
to it, 11•.•..••.••.••........•.....•.••.•• on the right
A: Is there a washing machine? on top
B: Yes, 12....................•.....•.••••• the stairs. And there's a freezer, in the middle
too, 13 of the fridge. space
A: Lots of 14 .•••••.••.••..•..•.•.••••.••••.•. to put things! under
B: Oh, enough, I think. And there are shelves 15 •••.•••.•••.•.••••.•.•••••••••••. the cooker. between
And there's a round table 16•••••.......•.................... of the kitchen, with four chairs, kitchen
to eat 17 ..••.....•..••....••.••..••.•...•• I think there's a cupboard on the floor over
18.....•........................... the table and the cooker.
1 It's the top shelf the kitchen cupboard. 2 The office is the fifth floor, the far end
of the corridor. 3 We live Dunhill which is the west coast. 4 I have already put the picture .
the wall the dining room. 5 You can see my girlfriend sitting that table, next to the woman .
a green dress. 6 What time did you go home last night? 7 You may work hard all week, but you do
nothing when you are home. 8 I don't mind being alone the house. 9 The children's toys were
kept the comer by the window. 10 All the cupboards the kitchen and the bookshelves the
living room are included the price. 11 This is the front entrance, but there is another door the side
of the house. 12 There is a wooden fence one side of the garden, and a hedge the other.

ill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning of
e whole text. Mind the word order. The first has been done for you.

We (1 just buy) .. hf!.y(!.jU$.t!J.@g!J.L. our last house. As I (2 unpack) yet another box
"'oIlowing our recent (3 move) , I began counting. I (4 realise) that
'y teenage children (5 so far live) in nine different houses. And that Pearl, who
'- only three years old, (6 already live) in four different houses.
, nat a shock! I'm not sure how it happened. Somehow, Ijust (7 stumble) from house to
use, never stopping (8 think) about that (9 fable) word 'stability'.
_'ow I'm stuck with the guilt of (10 realise) that my (11 old) .
hildren will never have fond memories of (12 they) favourite tree in the garden.
I (13 grow up) in two houses. I can still remember the camellia tree from which I (14
hang) upside down day after day until, (15 eventual) , I got too big
and my head (16 hit) the ground. And, it was only one generation ago - my (17 parent)
............................... generation - when it (18 be) common to spend your entire (19 child)
............................... living in the one home. My generation (20 have) other values though,
and I wonder how different our lives and the lives of our children (21 be) , if we had more
of a sense of (22 belong) to a certain place rather than this constant drive to upscale.
How (23 irony) that in the age where my children are facing far more stress than any
other generation as they struggle to cope with a (24 doubt) future, they (25 notJhave)
............................... the stability of a home that never changes. I am (26 eternal) grateful
to my parents, who provided a beach house for the past 20 years where my children (27 learn) .
[0 swim, had their (28 high) marked on the doorframe every Christmas and now have
hoto albums full of snaps (29 take) there.
So here I am in our 100-year-old house with lots of rooms for the (30 grandchild) .
vhen they come to stay, and a gorgeous old garden with not one but three camellia trees. As I roam through the
"ght, (31 air) rooms or just sit (32 enjoy) the garden I find myself
-~ ling in ever so (33 slow) for the long haul.

Did you feel satisfied with your new flat?


Can you tell me ..if Y-Q/!.JrdUf!.t.i.s.fi.fId. w.irh .Y.Q.¥-.fJW.W.fl.tJ.t... ?
_ Does your friend prefer living in a cottage in a small village?
I wonder .
~ Where is the book of instructions for using this washing machine?
I can't remember .
~ \\ no has left the tap running?
Have you any idea ?
: \\ nere does our colleague live?
Do you happen to know , ?
6 Where can I buy this valuable labour-saving vacuum cleaner?
Would you mind telling me ?
7 Does the room have curtains at the windows or blinds?
Do you know..................................................................................................................................... ?
8 The villa has excellent cooking and washing facilities, hasn't it?
I've no idea .
9 How can I get from the railway station to your house?
Could you explain ?
10 Is your daughter's house insured against thefts or accidents?
I'm not sure .

Ask Louise Bucher if she and her family will ever move 'Everything went to plan. It did end costing us more than we
from their barn conversion in Kent and she smiles. 'Definitely had budgeted for, but I think these things always do.'
not, this is the home we always dreamed of,' she says. Louise had kept all the decoration in the house incredibly
'Everything about is perfect. We've got all the space we simple. 'As this building itself is so beautiful inside - with all
need, the views are stunning, plus there's the fact that we've the original beams - I didn't want to distract from that.' All the
put so much work into it - we'll be here for a long time!' walls are soft cream, except in the kitchen where they have
Louise, a print-maker who exhibits her work locally, and been washed with a warm terracotta and a neutral-coloured
her husband, Tim, a surveyor, bought the barn 16 years carpet has been laid throughout the house. The pale walls and
ago. 'We were Iiving in a beautiful house in a nearby village,' floors and the long floor-to-ceiling, south facing windows mean
she explains. 'Over the years the surrounding land was that the whole house is flooded with light. 'We were careful
becoming more built up. We lost our gorgeous views and with the design and decoration to make our house light and
the peaceful atmosphere we had moved there for didn't airy,' Louise explains.
exist anymore.' So, along with their two small children, Tom The space above the garage, which used to be home to the
and Leonie, they started looking for something new. children's table-tennis table, has now been transformed into
The black, clapboard barn, built around 1530, is Louise's studio, where she not only produces her own prints
supposed to be one of the oldest in Kent, and stands on but also runs a series of arts and crafts courses. 'When Tom
top of a hill with stunning views across fields and orchards. and Leonie moved out we tried to think of something new to do
'The view from the back is one of the things I love most with the room. At first we thought to run it as a B&B, but then
about this house - all the windows look over it, and a lot of we came up with the idea of arts classes, which meant that I
those are floor-to-ceiling windows, so it becomes a part of could still use it as my studio when they weren't taking place.'
every room.' The barn was really just that - a draughty barn. The creative courses cover topics like flower arranging,
It hadn't changed for over 400 years. No one had ever lived watercolour painting, even cooking. 'They've been very
in it, the floors were covered in straw, there were no windows, successful. People learn something new, have a nice lunch in
just huge doors banging in the wind. The whole structure the kitchen and meet like-minded people. It works really well.
had to be stripped back to its timber frame and re-built, so It's never going to make us a fortune, but I really enjoy doing
essentially it was like building a new house. 'The thought it'
of having to start from scratch was actually one of the most The wonderful thing about the house is that it is full of old-
appealing things,' Tim says. style charm, with the original beams and pieces of furniture
The conversion took nine months which, for the amount collected over the years. As it is actually a new building, it has
of work that had to be done - such as lowering the floor all the modern conveniences of a modern home. There's no
level by three feet to provide enough height for two floors draughty windows or suspect plumbing to worry about, and
- is actually not that long. 'While building work takes place, there's no risk of the heating grinding to a halt in the middle of
lots of people live in a caravan on site.' So they put all the February. 'This house really does give us the best of both
furniture into storage and rented a cottage just down the worlds,' says Louise. 'It was a lot of work, but definitely worth
road. That way they could keep an eye on what was going it - we've built the house of our dreams.'
on, but could also escape from it at the end of the day.
1 Why are the Buchers planning to stay in their converted house for a long time?
A This is the decision of all the members of the family.
B Because it's the house of their dreams.
C Because everything was done by themselves.
D As the stability of a house has a certain appeal for all the family members.
2 Why did they decide to move from a beautiful village house?
A Because their children were small.
B Because they needed more space.
C This was a whim of Louise.
D Because the built-up neighbourhood changed the situation to the worse.
3 What becomes a part of every room?
A Floor-to-ceiling windows.
B The sight seen from the back.
C The timber frame that goes back to 1530.
D The ancient atmosphere of the barn.
4 Where did the family live during the building period?
A They hired a bungalow nearby.
B In a caravan.
C On site.
D In a storehouse.
5 Why was the decoration design in the house plain?
A Because they laid a neutral-coloured carpet.
B Because they wanted their house to be airy.
CBecause the windows were on the southern part of the house.
D Because the owner wanted to call everybody's attention to the natural charm of the house.
6 What is the attic above the garage used for?
A As a children's playroom.
B As art classrooms.
C Interchangeably as a studio and an art classroom.
D As aB&B.
7 What are the topics of the courses?
A Art issues.
B Domestic problems.
C Floral decorations.
D From art to domestic ones.
8 What is peculiar about that house?
A It's ancient.
B The past and the present match perfectly well together.
C A homely atmosphere.
D Up-to-date amenities.

What do Louise and Tim do? 4 What makes the house light and airy?
_ What did the barn look like? 5 What does Louise do in her studio?
3 How did they get enough height for two floors? 6 Why are creative courses very successful?

- Work in pairs and make your own dialogues. Use the prompts given on p. 15l.

a) Imagine that one of you is a student looking for a flat to rent and the other is a landlord / landlady.
Discuss the following:

• the rent and when you have to pay it • if bed linen, laundering and cleaning are included in the rent
• the time you can move in • if a retaining fee is necessary during the vacations
b) Imagine that one of you is a person looking for a house to buy and the other is an estate agent.
Discuss the following:

• type of the house and parts of it


• the amenities in the house
• the neighbourhood; prove that the place is very convenient

c) Speak about the type of the house you live in, its costs, its location and environment, describe the
rooms.

a) Design your own ideal home. Draw a simple plan of the house you would like to have and after you
have finished, describe your dream house to the rest of the class.

• Make a list of the furniture and other furnishings (carpets, curtains etc).
• Describe the colour scheme in your rooms. Give reasons for your choice.
• Indicate special items (swimming pool, tennis court, greenhouse, fireplaces etc).

• Which is better: to own a flat / house or to rent it? Why?


• Would you rather live in a quiet residential neighbourhood or in the centre of a big town? Why?
• Which would you prefer: living in a block of flats or in a detached house? Why?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of living in a large city?
• If you could choose, would you rather live in a city or in the country? Why?

.WRITING

a) Write the address for this informal letter of invitation in the right order (Brighton, 62, England,
London Road).

Dear Nelly,
At last! I finally found a flat and moved in last week. It took me a month to find one that I liked
and could afford. The one I found is kind of dark, but it's comfortable. The kitchen and bathroom
are small, but the other rooms are big and I like the neighbourhood. There s good public transport
and there are a lot of stores and restaurants nearby. I think I'm going to like it here.
I'm having a housewarming party on Saturday. It should be fun. Would you like to come? I'm
missing you so much. I want to show you my new place. I've invited my new neighbour Joanne
with her boyfriend and some colleagues. I'm eager to introduce you to them. They're fine, sincere
and they've been very helpful. I'm sure you'll get on well!
Well, I guess that's all for now. I still have a thousand things to do for the party.
Love,
Pat
b) Capitalise and punctuate the note of c) Complete the note of refusal using the
invitation. sentences in the box below.

david Dear Pat,


I tried to call you but you werent at home 1 •...•••.•..•••..••••••.••.••.•.••••••• George and I would
the res a party on saturday night at pat love to come to your party, but we already have
durans my new neighbour i think itll be plans for Saturday night. It's ourfamily reunion.
fun would you like to go it begins around 2 .••••.•..•.............•..•.•••...••••. In fact, let's go to the
8:00 why dont you call me later i have to cinema next week.
3
work tonight but ill be home around 10:00
Joanne Yours,
Maggie

Thank you for thinking of us. Thank you for your invitation.
I hope we can get together sometime soon.

_ -ou have just got a note of invitation from your friend. Unfortunately, you spilled some coffee over it.
ewrite this note and also write a note of refusal to your friend saying why you can't accept hislher invitation.

Dear ,
There's a . Thank you very much for your invitation. I'd love
hink it'll be . to , but .
. 1/ It's .
ould you like to ? I hope we can get together soon. Infact, let's .
_':begins at Why don't you .
_ ?

m's relatives from Canada are planning to spend their summer at the Baltic Sea and they asked him
find out about the houses let on hire there. Tom has written a letter to his uncle George Harrison.
,e sentences in the letter are unsuitable because they are too formal. Decide which sentences should
changed, cross them out and write the correct equivalents in the order they appear.

Spalviskio k.
Kirdonil{ pst.
LT - 5270 Birzl{ r.
Lithuania

With reference to your letter, which I got the other day. It was great to hear from you again. I am
.:riting to inform you about the places you could stay in Palanga.
One of the houses, which might suit you, is in a quiet neighbourhood but it will take you 20 minutes
o go to the beach. The house has got a lovely garden and a garage. The front door opens into a spacious·
hall. On the first floor there's a well-equipped kitchen and a small bathroom. The living room with a TV
set and a hi-fi system is next to the kitchen. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and a bathroom. It costs I
:',ousand Litas a month, the owners want to get a monthly rent beforehand.
The other house is nearly the same size, it has got three bedrooms as well, it's next to the main street
and quite close to the sea. It costs one thousand and two hundred Litas per month, which is rather
rpensive, but your mother has some problems with her feet so she will prefer that one, I think?
If the information is of some help to you, do not hesitate to contact soon. I will pay the deposit then.
J look forward to seeing you.
Lots of love,
Tomas
1 Dear Uncle George,
2 . 4 .
3 . 5 .

5 You have just finished your studies and are leaving your home town. You have spent two weeks
searching for a flat/ house to live in. Write a letter of 100-130 words to your penfriend abroad describing
the new place. Be sure to:

• describe your new flat / house


• describe your new surroundings
• explain why you have chosen it or how different it is from your previous living place

WORD BANK
afford /;;/b:d/leisti sau insure (against) 1m 'Ju;:J1ap(si)drausti
appeal/a'pi:ll patrauklumas interchangeably Imt;:J'tfemd3;:Jblilpakaitomis
barn Ibo:nl kletis, svimas issue I'rJu:, 'rsju:1 klausimas, problema
bang IbreI]1 trankytis labour-saving I'lerb;:J,servrI]/lengvinantis darb£l
beam Ibi:m! sija like-minded l,lark'mamdrdl vienmintis
beforehand Ibr'b:hrendl is anksto locally !'I;:Juklil vietiniu mastu, vietoje
benefit I'bemfrt/ privilegija; nauda long haul/,loI] 'h:):l1 ilga, sunki veikla
caravan I'krer;:J,vrenl poilsine ant ratl.! match ImretJ I tikti, dereti prie
charm Itfo:m! zavesys meaningful I' mi :mI]fll prasmingas
clapboard I' klrep, b:):d/lenta (sienl-{ apkalai) peculiar Ipr'kju:Ir;:J1 ypatingas
concern Ibn's3:nl tureti rysi, sietis; rupintis plumbing I'plAmrI]1 vandentiekio varnzdynas
constant nuolatinis, nesiliaujantis print Ipnntl graviura
contract I'kontrrekt/ sutartis produce/pr;:J'dju:sl gaminti
conversion Ibn'v3:Jnl pa(si)keitimas provide Ipr;:J'vardl parupinti, aprupinti
cope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyti raise Irerzl auginti
craft Ikra:ftl amatas realize I'n;:J,Iarzl suprasti
creative Ikri 'ertrvl kurybiskas refusal/n'ju:zll atsisakymas
distractldr'strrektl atitraukti, isblaskyti (demesi ir pan.) relate In'lertl pritapti prie, bendrauti; bUti susijusiam
domestic Id;:J'mestrkl naminis, naml.!; seimyninis reminiscent l,remr'ms;:Jntl primenantis
doorframe I'd:): ,frerm! dufl.!stakta roam Ir;:Jum! bastytis, klajoti
doubt Idautl abejone settle in I'setll apsiprasti
draughty I' dra:ftil skersvejuotas sight Isartl reginys
drawback I' dr:):, brekl trftkumas site Isartl statybviete
eager l'i:g;:J1 trokstantis snaps Isnrepsl nuotraukos
equipment lr'kwrpm;:Jnt/ iranga solar panel/,s;:Jul;:J'prenll saules akumuliatorius
equivalent lr'kwrv;:Jl;:Jntlatitikmuo start from the scratch Iskrretfl pradeti nuo pradzios
essentially lr'senJlil is esmes storage l'st:):nd31 saugojimas
eternallr't3:nll affiZinas storehouse I'st:):,hausl sandel is
event !I'ventl ivykis stumble I'stAmbll klupineti
eventuallr'ventJu;:JlI galutinis suit Isu:tl tikti
fable I'ferbll pasakeCia, pasaka suppose IS;:J'p;:Juz!manyti, daryti prielaid£l
fabulous I'frebjul;:Jsl pasakl.!, pasakiskas surveyor IS;:J'ver;:J1matininkas, geodezininkas
f1orall'fhr;:JlI gelil.! suspect I' sAspektl nepatikimas
frame Ifrerrnl karkasas, remas tap Itrepl ciaupas
fortune I'htJ;:Jnl kriiva pinigl.! timber I'trmb;:J1 mediena
generation l,d3en;:J'rerJnl karta unfortunately IAn'htf(;:J)n;:JtIil deja
grind toa haltl'gramd t;:J;:J'h:):ltl (su)gesti unpack IAn'prekl is(si)pakuoti
guilt Igrltl kalte upscale IAp'skerl/lygis aukstesnis nei vidutinis
hairbrush I'he;:J,brAJI plaukl.! sepetys wallpaper l'w:):I,perp;:J1 tapetai
hairdresser l'he;:J,dres;:J1kirpejas watercolour I'w:):t;:J,kAbl akvarele
hair-drier l'he;:J,drar;:J1plaukl.! dziovintuvas whim Iwrrnl inoris
handle I'hrendll rankena windowpane l'wmd;:Ju,pem/lango stiklas (rem e)
hire I'har;:J1 issinuomoti windowshopping zvalgymasis po vitrinas
housecoat I'haus,butl chalatas windowsill palange
incredible Im'kred;:Jbll neitiketinas worse IW3:sl blogesnis
insulation l,msju'lerJnl izoliacija
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
types of houses
building pastatas: a five-storey(ed) building; brick house mUrinis namas; wooden house medinis namas; hut trobele;
cottage namelis, troba uzmiestyje ar kaime; farmhouse ukininko troba; detached house atskiras, individualus namas;
semi-detached house namas turintis bendr'l sien'l su kitu namu; terraced house terasinis namas; villa; bungalow I
'bAl)g;J,l;Julvienaaukstis namas; skyscraper l'skaI,skrelp;J1dangoraizis; block of flats daugiabutis namas; rented accommodation
nuomuojamas bustas
parts of a building
flat! apartment (Am. E.); two I three room flat
bathroom; bedroom; bedsit! bedsitter vieno kambario butas; drawing-room I sitting room svetaine; dining-room valgomasis;
living-room bendrasis kambarys; lounge Ilaund;yl poilsio kambarys, vestibiulis; nursery l'n3:s(;l)ril vaiktt. kambarys; hall
prieSkambaris; kitchen virtuve; study darbo kambarys, kabinetas; guest! spare room svecitt. kambarys; lavatory I toilet!
we; basement pamatai, pusrusis; cellar I'sel;ll rusys; porch Ip:;:tfl veranda; pantry I larder I'la:d;ll sandeliukas; terrace
I'ter;ls/; attic mansarda, palepe; roof; lift; balcony; staircase I stairs laiptai; downstairs I upstairs; landing laipttt. aikstele
studio l'stu:dI;lUI dirbtuves; vieno kambario butas; garage l'grera:3; 'grend;yl
ceiling f'si:liIJI lubos; high I low ceiling; parquet I'pa:kerl parketas; floor grindys; polished floor, painted floor The
floor in my room is painted brown. floor aukstas She lives on the ground I top }loor.
furniture
armchair; bench suoliukas; bookcase; drawer Idf'J:I stalCius; chest of drawers komoda; cupboard indauja, spintele,
:pinta; desk; dressing table tualetinis staliukas; flower stand stovas gelems; hall stand rubtt. kabykla prieskambaryje;
stool taburete; bed table; towel-rack kabykla ranksluosciams; wardrobe f'w::J:dr:mbl rubtt. spinta; wall unit sekcija;
double bed dvigule lova, sofa bed miegamoji sofa; bunk bed dviaukste lova; couch Ikautfl kusete; mat I rug kilimelis;
rubbish bin siuksliadeze; blind I curtain 1'k3:tnl uzuolaida; draw the blinds uztraukti uzuolaidas; pull the curtains
ide atitraukti uzuolaidas; curtain and carpet (pa)kabinti uzuolaidas ir iskloti kilimais The windows were curtained
and the floor was carpeted. venetian blinds IV;l,ni:Sn'blamdzl zaliuzes The windows were shrouded in venetian blinds.

amenities
enities l;l' mi:n;ltizl, convenience~ Ibn' vi:ni;lnslzIpa togumai
=0 ; gas meter; turn on I off the gas; electricity lr,lek'tns;Jti/; electric meter I fan elektros skaitliukas I ventiliatorius;
. eating sildymas; central heatIng; heating is on I off; heat with electricity I gas; water-line vandentiekis; hot and
ld running water; have I take a bath or a shower; (electric) light; switch on I off the light; vacuum cleaner I
"Ckju;lm,kli:n;ll dulkitt. siurblys; fridge (infml) I refrigerator In'fnd3;l,relt;l1 saldytuvas; freezer saldiklis; electric cooker
~.=ktrine virykle; gas stove dujine virykle; oven IAvn/ orkaite; microwave oven; television; remote control In'm;lut
'tr;JuI!distancinis valdymas; radio; dishwasher; washing machine; ironing board l'aI;lI1IIJ,b:;:dllyginimo lenta; laundry
~ bykla, skalbiniai; do the laundry skalbti; (tele)phone /'telI,f;Jun/; speak on lover the telephone; telephone call
- using
using gyvenamieji namai; gyvenimo s'llygos; maintain Imem'teml islaikyti, priziureti; maintenance l'memt;Jn;Jnslpridiura
"¥ertise I'redv;l,talzl for a flat I house If you had advertised for a flat, you would have had more offers and a better choice.
- infml.) I advertisement l;ld'V3:tIsm;lntlreklaminis skelbimas; estate agent !r'stelt,e1d3(;l)ntl nekilnojamo turto agentas
a flat I house isnuomuoti but'l I namq; rent a flat I house issinuomuoti but'll namq; tenant nuomininkas; landlord I landlady
omojamo namo I buto savininkas(e); move out issikelti; move to persikelti I was told that they had moved to another
-e. move house Moving houses can be very stressful.
.decorate a house I flat remontuoti (isdaiyti arba istapetuoti) nam'll but'l; renovate atnaujinti, restauruoti; repair a house
remontuoti We must have the house repaired and redecorated. house I flat needs repairing Anybody can see that this
• 'WlIseneeds repairing badly. convert Ibn 'V3:t/pertvarkyti, rekonstruoti
warming ikurtuves; have a housewarming party sVt(stiikurtuves
n sale I for sale parduodama This house is on sale. retaining fee isankstinis mokestis; pay the fee; down payment
-- .s inasas; sign a lease Ili:sl pasirasyti nuomos sutarti; put down I pay the deposit sumoketi uzstatq; pay the rent
;, . uz nuom'l How much is the rent? - The flat is 32 pounds per week. be included in the rent buti itrauktam i
~ s mokesti Water is included in the rent. the rent I price is quite reasonable nuomos mokestis I kaina yra visiskai
_~a; raise the rent pakelti nuomos mokesti
!iDe view from the window; window faces I fronts I looks out on I overlooks The windows of the villa faced the forest.
~on and premises
- of houses gyvenaml/.itt. namtt. kvartalas; premise l'premIsI patalpa, pastatas su zemes sklypu; be situated / located;
urb I'SAb3:bl priemiestis; outskirts priemiestis, pakrastys; farmland; farm; residential neighbourhood I
cen.f1'nelb;l,hud!gyvenamasis rajonas; industrial I agricultural area l,regn'kAltf(;l)r;l1'e;lri;ll pramoninis I zemes ilio rajonas,
'side kaimo vietove; surroundings IS;l'raundIl)zIapylinkes; fields; valley s\enis; canal/b'nrel/; seaside pajuris;
coast pakrank; beach papludimys; pond tvenkinys; flower-bed geli4. lysve; fountain I'fauntm/; hothouse I greenhouse
siltnamis; kitchen garden darias; lawn Ib:n/ veja; orchard 1':J:!f;Jd!
vaisi4. sodas; shed darzine; cowshed karvide; stable
arklide; yard kiemas; gate vartai; hedge Ihed:y gyvatvore; fence tvora
facilities: j'f;J'srJ;Jtiz/ visuomenines paskirties irenginiai I pastatai
sports facilities: swimming pool, sports I fitness centre, golf course, tennis courts, playing field zaidimo aikStele, stadium etc
cultural I'kf.l!f(;J)r;J1!facilities: theatre, opera house, concert hall, radio station, art gallery etc
educational l,edju:'keISn(;J)lI facilities: school, college, university Iju:m'V3:S;Jti/, library, museum etc
catering I'kelt;Jfll)1facilities vieso maitinimo istaigos
catering and night-life facilities: restaurant, cafe, nightclub, dance-hall, disco
transport facilities: bus service, taxi, car rental agency, car park etc
other facilities: health centre, law court, job centre, shopping centre, hotel Ih;Ju'teIJ,hostel I'hostl! bendrabutis, chemist('s),
police station policijos nuovada, Town Hall rotuse, miesto savivaldybe; municipality municipalitetas, savivaldybe; commu-
nity centre miesto sale, bendruomenes centras
adjectives used to describe premises
airy l'e;Jril erdvus; ancient l'emJ(;J)ntl senas, senovinis; cheap pigus; chilly vesus; colourful spalvingas; comfortable
I'kAmft;Jbl! patogus, jaukus; common I'kom;Jnl daznai pasitaikantis, iprastas; convenient Ibn'vi:m;mtl patogus, tinkamas;
converted Ilc:m'v3:trdl perdirbtas, pakeistas; cosy jaukus, patogus; crowded I'kraudldl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamas; eco
/i:k;Ju/,ecologically-friendly l,i:b'lod3Ikli'frendli I ekologiskai nekenksmingas; expensive brangus; damp dregnas; deserted
IdI'Z3:tld/ istustejl(s; filthy l'frJei/ purvinas, bjaurus; flowery geletas; gorgeous I'g:J:d3;JsIpuikus, prasmatnus; historic
istorinis; lively gyvybingas, linksmas; magnificent Im<eg'mfIsntl didingas, nuostabus; pale blyskus, blankus; peacful
ramus; picturesque l,plk!f;J'reskl vaizdingas, grazus; plain Iplem I paprastas, kuklus; run-down suirl(s, sunykl(s; scattered
I'sk<et;Jd!issibarstl(s, pabiras; shabby /'J<ebil apleistas, vargingas; spacious I'SpeIS;JsI erdvus; stunning nuostabus, pritrenkiantis;
tasteful skoningas; tidy I'taldil tvarkingas; up-to-date naujausias, modernus; valuable I'v<eljugbl/ vertingas

1 chinmey
2 chillmey-pot
3 eaves
I linlel 4 gable
2 lamppost 5 garage
3 knocker 6 drive
4 doorbell 13 7 border
5 door 8 hose
6 doorstep 9 sprinkler
7 drainpipe 12 10 lawn
8 drain 11 rackeTy
9 letter-bolt 12 trellis
10 sash-window 13 hedge
11 window-sill 10 14 picture window
12 brick 15 climber
13 slate 16 gutter
14 window-pane 17 dOlmer window
9
Row of terraced houses/Terrace

1 cowl
2 aerial 1 skylight
3 conservatory 2 roof
4 French window 3 pane
5 parasol 4 wall
6 clothes-line 5 porch
7 crazy paving 6 hanging basket
8 deck-chair 7 path
9 vegetable garden 8 fence
10 garden shed 9 bay window
11 back door 10 garden gate
12 tiles 11 casement window
1 Mrs Brown is a busy housewife. Which of the following household chores might she do:
a) in the morning? b) at midday? c) in the afternoon? d) in the evening?
How long do you think it takes her to do different chores?

make the beds pick up her children from school


wash up mend clothes and sew on missing buttons
air the rooms beat or vacuum the carpets and mats
dust the furniture sweep the kitchen floor with a broom
clean the windows do / tidy the rooms if they are in a mess
do the ironing take the dirty linen to the laundry
lay the table for breakfast take her children to school
do her daily shopping take the rubbish out and walk the dog
make dinner / supper do some gardening and water the flowers

1 You should think about choosing a business / career / living before you leave school.
2 If you're a(n) employee / employer / manager, you have to do what your boss tells you.
3 Mrs Black was lifted / promoted / raised after she had worked for two years in the company.
4 Usually companies look for workers with the right personality / qualifications / experiences.
S If you are paid monthly rather than weekly, you get wages / a salary / a reward.
6 What do you plan to do for / on / in a living?
7 Send in a CV when applying in / for / at a job.
8 As you will see from my biography / CV / letter, I have experience of this kind of work.
9 We have vacancies / free places / work for activity organisers to work with children at our camp.
o Terry was often late for work and in the end he was thrown out / sacked / turned out.

fired temporary permanent relaxing


interesting well-paid unqualified full-time
part -time skilled boring employed
stressful badly paid

1 It's not a steady job. It's not well paid.


2 It's a risky job. It is poorly paid.
3 It's an interesting job. You earn a lot of money.
It's boring. You do the same thing all the time.
S It's an exciting job. You travel a lot which is exhausting.
It's very tiring. You spend all day in front of the computer.
a) You apply for the post. f) You accept the job.
b) You seethe ad. g) They advertise in the paper.
c) The company needs another person. h) You have the interview.
d) You earn more money. i) You do well and get promotion.
e) You arrange an appointment for an interview. j) They offer you the job.

USE of ENGLISH
1 Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
You must use between two to five words, including the word given.

1 Normally I have a ten-minute journey to school.


takes
Normally it to get to school.
2 I can't come at eleven on Saturday as I have an appointment with the hairdresser.
having
I can't come at eleven on Saturday because hair cut.
3 I don't mind laying the table if you do the washing up.
will
I if you agree to wash up.
4 I have had enough of tidying after you every day.
tired
I after you every day.
5 They ate dinner and discussed the problem at the same time.
were
While discussed the problem.
6 Who's your baby-sitter for this evening?
looking
Who your baby this evening?
7 I managed to get up on time by going to bed early.
late
If I , I wouldn't have got up on time.
S We were allowed to stay up late if there was a good film on TV.
let
My parents if there was a good film on TV.
9 First I'll get a bit of sleep and then I'll get the dinner ready.
nap
After I , I'll get the dinner ready.
10 I started this job five years ago.
been
I have for five years.

2 Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence best.

If you have left school and haven't got ajob, don't despair. Job (1 advertise) can be found in
local papers under 'Situations Vacant' or go to your local (2 employ) office. If they haven't
got a (3 suit) job for you, at least good (4 advise) will be given there. Also,
remember to read (5 notice) Job (6 vacant) are displayed on notice
boards outside firms and factories. Local jobs are posted on cards in shopwindows and at post offices. If you
have got necessary (7qualify) for the job that interests you, make an (8 appoint)
................................... for an interview. Sometimes an interview is arranged by telephone, but often a written
(9 apply) is required. Sometimes the (10 apply) is tested at the interview.
Don't be nervous, do your best.
3 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a complete
letter. The first sentence has been done for you.

Dear Sir,
1 I/ write / apply / position / clerk-typist / advertise / 'The Daily Post' / 2yh November .
.J. am .w.rit.ing.t9. .«pplx hr. tnf. [l{N4(Qn. 9j9Mrk-.tYp,i$t ..q$..qdy.£:.rJi$f.rJ..(lJ.. Th.€i.f)q4y. PQ$.( .'.Qn.2J.(l:z. N9.Y.€imQ.€ir.
2 I / be / seventeen-year-old student / final year / Woodland High School.
3 During / last two years I / study / English, Maths, Social Studies, Shorthand, Typing and Commerce.
4 My shorthand / typing skills / be / good / I / be capable / use / personal computer.
5 As you / see / my curriculum vitae / I / work / Jones' Cut Price Store / checkout operator / Saturday mornings
/ school holidays last year.
6 I / be / always punctual/reliable / so / employers / be / satisfy / my work.
7 I believe I / be suitable / position / office.
8 I hope / application (take / consideration.
9 If you feel/qualifications meet / requirements, I / be available / interview / convenience.
10 I look forward / hear / you.
Yours faithfully,
<;JJaVUoia; CWd.w.n"

Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be there. Tick
each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and write it next
to the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.
-/
Work is a very important part of life. It provides people with money. o .
It also gives for them a daily routine and a place to be with other people. o fr.!.': .
Losing a job is very stressful. It can be as much stressful as a divorce or 1 .
the death of a close relative. People who are unemployed and often feel 2 .
angry, depressed, helpless and worthless. Some people develop problems 3 .
with their marriages and children, others will get sick or develop problems 4 .
with alcohol. The unemployed usually apply for unemployment insurance. 5 .
Others to use their savings or ask family or friends for money. Unemployment 6 .
always hurts but you must remember that there are things you can to do and there 7 .
are choices you can make. 8 .

contact compete depend gain knowledge pace


pressure promoted recognised solve supervise

_ly VVork Values


= refer employment which enables me to:
- ontribute to society - be creative - make decisions - make a lot of money
- have 1........•. ; with people _ 3.......•...•.•.. others - work under s . - help others
- vork alone - work with details - use power and authority _ 8...............••. problems

- ;vork with a team _ 4 •.••.••••. recognition - acqUIre new 6 . _ take 9 ..•••..••••..•.•.•••••••
- :"" with others - work out-of-doors - be a 7 ....••....••..•••.• expert - work at my own 10.....•
READING and SPEAKING
1 Read the text and choose the most suitable heading A-J for paragraphs 1-10. The first has been done for
you.

A Try to stay calm F Be confident


B Don't be upset G Wear appropriate clothing
C Preparing H Don't be too demanding
D Find out about the company / college I Think over the questions you are likely to be asked
E The big day arrives J Don't lie

This summer millions of pupils will soon be breaking up 14 I This way, you are less likely to be faced with
from school for the last time and heading off to pastures a question you don't know how to answer, but be careful
new. Whatever the next step is (whether it is college, not to over-prepare. Your answer might sound 'learned' or
university or a full-time job) the chances are that it will lacking in conviction.
involve an interview of some kind.
15 I
This shows that it's not only the job type that
11 (; I Your school can often help you prepare by you're interested in - you want to work lor this particular
giving you a mock interview. This is a useful process, but company. It will also help you ask relevant questions.
can be more beneficial and realistic if you don't know the
person interviewing you.
I 6 ..1
This needn't necessarily be a suit but you
should look neat and tidy. It's important to wear something
Talk to older friends or family members about their interview
that you feel comfortable in, so tryon clothes before the
experiences. Write down any difficult questions they were
day of the interview.
asked and think about how you would answer them.
12 IOn the day of the interview, remember to take
17 1 Interviews can be a pretty nerve-wracking
experience, but try not to feel frightened. If you find a
the following things with you:
question difficult, allow yourself a few seconds to think
- the address of the place where your interview is and a
about what you're going to say. And don't let it ruin the rest
map. Make sure you know how to get there.
of your interview if you think you have said the wrong thing.
- a copy of your CV or application form. It will be
An experienced interviewer will be used to dealing with
embarrassing if you can't remember the information you've
people's nerves.
given about yourself. It's also good to have a copy to hand
if you have to clarify any points you've made. Is IDon't go into an interview with over-ambitious
- a list of questions to ask. There are going to be things you or inflexible ideas about what you want from the job.
want to know, so get them down on paper. It's easy to forget While it's good to show that you are in no position to make
them when the pressure's on. demands. Never appear too eager to talk about money or
- a mobile phone so that you can phone up if you are delayed, other added advantages. Employers will question your
or find yourself hopelessly lost. motives for applying for the job.
Aim to be at the place of your interview about 15 minutes
before it takes place. You can use this time to refresh yourself
19 ILying is a risky business. Most people aren't
as good at lying as they think they are and an interviewer
with your questions or just relax and take a few deep breaths.
can often tell when a response isn't honest. On the other
And, of course remember to answer any calls of nature (it
hand, if you are a successful liar, you will have to keep up
could be some time before you get the chance again.)
any response pretences you have made for a long time.
13 IEven if you feel like a bag of nerves, there are
110 1 It's easier said than done, but don't lose heart
things you can do to give the impression of confidence;
if you are unsuccessful. It's worthwhile finding out why
speak clearly and calmly. It's easy to talk too quickly when
you have been rejected. Consider phoning or writing to the
you're nervous - so relax and slow down. Sit in a comfortable
company and asking for some feedback. This will give you
position so you don't feel the need to fidget.
something to work on for your next interview.

1 beneficial (para 1) 7 relevant (para 5)


2 embarrassing (para 2) 8 dealing with (para 7)
3 to clarify (para 2) 9 inflexible ideas (para 8)
4 confidence (para3) 10 response (para 9)
5 to fidget (para 3) 11 rejected (paralO)
6 lacking in conviction (para 4) 12 feedback (para 10)
3 Complete these sentences using the words from Ex 2. Make any changes that are necessary.

1 He was for the army because of his bad eyesight.


2 You are too shy: you should have more in yourself.
3 Fresh air is to everyone's health.
4 I find it really very when I have to talk in front of a lot of people.
S How should the government with the AIDS crisis?
6 Students will find a list of articles at the back of the book.
7 There have been several to our advertisement.
8 I wish you'd stop with that box of matches.

4 Read the dialogues. The following sentences have been removed from them. Decide where each of
them should be fitted in. Make similar dialogues of your own.

A And may I ask about the salary? C Can you tell me about the work schedule?
B And where do you come from? D Have you got any hobbies or special interests?

You: 1 .

Personnel Officer: Yes. Hours are from nine to five-thirty, with a lunch break at one. Sometimes we'll ask
you to work overtime or at weekends.
You: I see. 2•..•..•...•..•..•.•..•••....•.......•
PO: Yes. The salary is five dollars an hour. Have you got any more questions?
You: No, I don't think so.
PO: Before we finish, tell me a little more about yourself.
You: All right. Let me see ... I'm married. My husband is a security guard at the factory. We have two children,
a son and a daughter.
PO: 3 .

You: I'm from Florida.


PO: 4 .

You: Yes. I play the piano and I take dance lessons.


PO: I see. It was nice to talk to you. You'll hear from us soon.
You: Thank you very much.

A Have you had any previous experience? C Now, do you know this area at all?
B And have you got a driving licence? D When would you be able to start?

Mr Brown: Come in, Ann. Take a seat, please.


Ann: Thank you.
Mr B: 1 .
rt
Ann: Quite well. My grandparents live just on the outskirts of the town so I have been coming here for
."hy
_ [he
holidays since I was little. I'm staying with them at the moment.
MrB: Oh, that's nice. 2....................................•
:you
Ann: Yes. I've been driving for four years now.
MrB: Good. Now, could you tell me why you think you would be right for this job? 3 .

Ann: Well, I've managed to get quite a bit of experience by taking jobs and I always liked working with
children.
I see Well, I can't make any promises, but you do sound just the sort of person we're looking
for. 4 .

As soon as I finish my Nursery Teacher's course.


Secretary: Smith and Watson. Can I help you?
Caller: Good morning. This is Evelyn Hyde, the
Personnel Officer of Candy and Cooky
Sweets. Could I speak to your sales manager,
Mr Smith, please?
I'm sorry but Mr Smith is out at lunch and
won't be back for at least another hour. Would
you like to leave a message or shall I ask Mr
Smith to ring you when he gets back?
Please ask him to ring me at my office 500
8469, before 5.30 if possible. I want to take
up a reference; Miss Marina Sullivan has
applied for a job here and she says that Mr
Smith knows her very well.
I'll see he gets the message. Goodbye.

6 Tell about Tina's life joining the given sentences in the columns. Use the conjunctions and, so, but where
necessary.

Plans Reality
1 Go to university. 1 Failed exams. Left school at seventeen.
2 Find a job in Berlin. 2 No jobs. Decided to go to England to study English.
3 Study English in London. 3 Didn't like London. Went to Oxford instead.
4 Stay with an English family. 4 Changed her mind. Stayed in a student hostel.
5 Study English for a year. 5 Didn't have enough money. Finished after ten months.
6 Work in England after finishing school. 6 Couldn't find ajob. Came back to Berlin.
7 Not going to work in her parents' shop. 7 Needed money. She did.

• what her / his daily routine on week-days is


• what slhe would like to change about it and why
• where and when s/he has her / his meals
• how slhe feels at the end of the day
• which part of her / his working day is the most interesting / boring
• which part of the day is the most difficult for her / his family
• how housework is divided among the members of her / his family
• what slhe thinks of young people having part-time jobs
• what slhe usually does on her / his days off
• how s/he imagines her / his ideal day off

• if it is better to study after school, to combine work and studies or to take a gap year
• if s/he had to choose, what s/he would prefer: keeping her / his career or staying at home. Why?
• what her / his future career plans are
• if slhe would like to have a temporary or a permanent job
• if s/he prefers working with others or by herself / himself
• what aspects of her / his future job he/she would find most rewarding (good salary, meeting people,
helping others, chances to travel etc)
WRITING

1 Simon is a student at college and is looking for some part-time job. Read his letter of application. Put the
paragraphs of the letter in the right order writing the numbers 1-5 in the boxes. The first has been done
for you.

16 Lloyd Street
Glenville 4223
28 November, 2003
The Personnel Manager
Po. Box 112
Richmond 5200

Dear Sir or Madam,


CI:!J In addition, I would like to point out that I have got some experience in working with
children. Last summer I worked as a group leader at an activity camp in Sherwood. In 2001
I helped to organise sport activities at a Sport Summer Camp and everybody was satisfied
with my work. 1 have enclosed references from my previous employers.
D=:EJ I look forward to hearing from you.
ITIJ I am a nineteen-year-old student at Glenville College of Technologies. In spring I finished
Woodland High School. I believe that I am suitable for the job for a number of reasons. Firstly,
during the last two years I have been taking part and have won medals in various swimming
competitions. Also, I was a member of the school athletics team for two years and played volleyball
for the school 'B'team. So I am strong and physically fit. Secondly, I have attended a first aid
course and I am capable of giving first aid in emergency situations.
[]]] I hope you will consider my application. I am available for an interview at your convenience.
~ I am writing to apply for the position of swimming pool attendant as advertised in the 'Mercury' on
25th November (Advertisement number DK564).
Yours faithfully,
$im<Jn, gJflIl1wv

rite the formal letter in Ex. 1 in the right order. Read the following statements and tick (/) the
which' apply to the given letter.

The writer:
uses formal language without short forms and abbreviations
knows the person he is writing to and doesn't use a formal greeting
follows the layout of formal letters
writes his address on the right with no name in it
doesn't write the address of the person / company he is writing to
states why he is writing in the opening paragraph
writes in blocked paragraphs leaving a blank line between the paragraphs
uses linking words to make his writing flow better
includes the information that is relevant to the job he is applying for
signs off on the right-hand side of the page
3 How does Simon organise his CV? Read the CV and put the following items in the correct order. The first
has been done for you.

oa work experience, starting from the most De examinations taken


recent one Df the names of referees
ob interests outside school Dg responsibilities he had in the past at school
OJ c all the necessary personal information at the top Dh his most important personal qualities relevant
D d information about his education (the name of the to the post he is applying for
school finished, subjects studied) D i key skills relevant to the job

Name Simon Parker Phone number 8765432


Date of birth 10 April, 1984 Marital Status single
Age 19 Address 16 Lloyd Street
Nationality British citizen Glenville 4223
Personal profile
Reliable, well-organised, used to working on my own initiative
Key skills
Familiar with Microsoft Word and Excel
Clean driving licence
First Aid Course Certificate
Fluent in German
Education
2003 - present Glenville College of Technologies
2003 General Certificate of High Education
1991 - 2003 Woodland High School, Glenville
2003 Advanced Level examinations in
History, Maths, Chemistry, Modern Technologies
Responsibilities
Member of School Council
Captain of school's volleyball team
Represented school at swimming, athletics and volleyball
Work experience
2002 Children's Activity Summer Camp, Sherwood: group leader
2001 Sport Summer Camp, Glenville: assistant activity organiser
Interests
Member of the local folk song group
Photography
Referees
Mrs Susan Taylor, leader of Children's Activity Summer Camp in Sherwood
Mr Peter Roberts, Headteacher of Woodland High School

4 You have seen the following advertisement and have decided to apply for the job. Write your letter of
application (120-150 words) and your CV. You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.

required for Halls Trade Centre to work at weekends at new


souvenir shops near the Castle.
Applicants must:
• be 18 years of age and over
• speak fluent English (German preferable)
• be reliable and responsible
• have a pleasant personality Basic knowledge of PC (to issue receipts) is an advantage.
Write to Personnel Manager of Halls Trade Centre,
26 Bank Road, Liverpool
Set phrases for writing a letter of application
I am writing with regard to / in connection with your advertisement in ...
J am interested in applying for the job of ...
I am presently working for / at ...
I have been working for ...
I am familiar with / experienced in / fluent in ...
As you can see from my curriculum vitae, ...
I consider myself well-qualified for the position of ...
If you feel that my qualifications meet your requirements, note that I am available for an interview at your
convenience.
I have enclosed a copy of my curriculum vitae describing my qualifications and experience.

_ccept I~k'septl priimti lack /lrek/ netureti, stokoti


quire 1~'kwaI~1 i(si)gyti; is(si)ugdyti laundry /'b:ndril skalbykla; skalbiniai
'd leIdl pagalba layout 1'leIautl isplanavimas, isdestymas
. lelmf nu(si)taikyti; ketinti; tikslas linen I'lmml lininis audinys; uztiesalai; skalbiniai
~ply I~'plar/ kreiptis, prasyti mend taisyti
plicant I'<eplrbnt/ kandidatas, pretendentas mock Imokl netikras, apsimestinis
...:.,pointment 1~'pDIntm~ntl paskyrimas, susitarimas susitikti nap Inrepl pogulis
propriate I~'pr~upn~t/ (ati)tinkamas neat Ini:tl svai-us, tvarkingas
ge 1~'remQ31 susitarti, organizuoti nerve-wracking I'n~:v,rrekIlJI nervus gadinantis
udant I~'tend~nt/ priziiiretojas pace IpeIsl greitis, tempas
. able I~'velidbl! galimas naudoti pasture l'pa:stJ ~I ganykla
eficial l,ben~'fIS~11 naudingas, palankus permanent I'p~:m~n~ntl pastovus, nuolatinis
m Ibru:m/ sluota preferable f'pref~r~bl/ labiau pageidautinas
on l'bAtn/ saga pressure I'preJ~1 spaudimas, itampa, nasta
ble I'kelp~bll sumanus; galintis, link((s pretence Ipn'tensl apsimetimas
'out I'ifekautl kasa pretend Ipn'tend! apsimesti
re lif~:1 namll ruosa; nemalonus darbas previous I'pri:vI~sl ankstesnis
. y I'kl<er~,far/ (pa)aiskinti promote Ipdm~ut/ paaukstinti, reklamuoti
pete Ibm'pi:tl variytis, konkuruoti recent I'ri:sntl dabartinis
dence l'konfId(~)nsl pasitikejimas recognition I,rebg 'mJni pripazinimas
'deration Ibn,sId~'reISnl svarstymas, atidumas referee I,ref~'ri:/ rekomenduojantis asmuo
'bute Ibn'tnbju:tl prisideti, tureti itakos reference I' refr( ~)nsl rekomendacija
,'ction Ibn'vrkJ~n/ isitikinimas refresh In'freJI atgaivinti
with) Idi:V tvarkyti; tureti reikalll reject/n'Q3ekt! atmesti, at(si)sakyti
_ Idr'ler! atideti, uzlaikyti relevant I'rel~v~nt/ svarbus, tinkamas, susij((s
ding IdI 'ma :ndIlJI reikalaujantis daug pastangll requirement In' kWaI;)m~ntl reikala vimas
'r IdI'spe~1 netekti vilties response In'sponsl atsakymas; reakcija
)" IdI'spler! isdestyti rewarding IrI 'W~:dIlJIteikiantis pasitenkinim'l
ree Idl'V~:sl skyrybos rubbish l'rAbIJI siuksles; nes'lmones, niekai
i:g~1 trokstantis, siekiantis sack (infml) Isrekl atleisti is darbo
rassing /rm'b<er~SIlJI nepatogus, gluminantis salary I'srel~ril alga
",ency /r'm~:Q3(~)nsil kritiska padetis, nenumatytas atvejis savings I'seIVIlJz/ santaupos
~::..:l:';e/m'k1duzJ ideti schedule I'Jedju:l, 'skedju:ll planas, tvarkarastis
ting IIg 'z~:stIlJI varginantis sew Is~ul siuti
ck I'fi:db<ek! griztamasis rysys shorthand /'J~:t,hrendl stenografavimas
fld3Iti nenustygti vietoje sign IsaIni zenklas; pasirasyti
more l,f~:o~'m~:1 dar daugiau, be to skill igudimas, igudis
~ern/ igyti, igauti supervise /'su:p~vaIZI priziiireti
eiti, patraukti sweep Iswi:pl sIuoti
Im'klu:dl itraukti (daryti dalimi) temporary I'temp(~)r~ri/ Iaikinas
Ie Im'f1eks~bl/ nelankstus vacancy /'veIbnsi/ laisva darbo vieta
. e!I'mJ~tIv/iniciatyva vacuum I'vrekju~m/ (is)valyti du1kill siurbliu
ce 1m'Ju~r~nsl draudimas wages f'welQ3lzl atlyginimas
ll'volvl itraukti Ci veiklq) worthless l'w~:eJ~sl bevertis, niekam tik((s
-' ni lyginti drabuzius worthwhile l,w~:El'wadl vertas, prasmingas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
at home
do a room tvarkyti kambari [want to do the sitting room and the bedrooms before our guests arrive. doing up
tvarkymas, valymas; duty I responsibility pareiga; help sb about the house [always help my mother about the house.
housewife (housewives); housework namJ.!mosa; do the washing I ironing I cooking Who is going to do the cooking?
do the dishes I windows I floors I laundry Let me help you do the laundry.
bedtime; lie (lay, lain) down prigulti, guleti; lie in I sleep in: to stay in bed later than usual We usually lie in on Sunday. nap
pogulis; have I take a nap; put sb to bed; relax atsipalaiduoti; rest I take a rest ilsetis; slow down I take things easy
nepersitempti; stay in neiseiti is namll, biiti namie I'm staying in tonight to watch television. stay up neiti miegoti Our
mum didn't let us stay up until late.

at work
apply for a job I the post I the position; a letter of application I an application form pareiskimas, prasymas You have
to fill in an application form first. break pertrauka We have an hour's break for lunch at our factory. canteen Ikren'ti:n1
valgykla (istaigoje); commute Ib'mju:tl reguliariai vaiineti (i darbq ir pan.) cooperate I collaborate with sb
bendradarbiauti; cope susidoroti, susitvarkyti He's taken more work than he can cope with. days off I free days iseigines
dienos; deadline paskutinis terminas Friday is the deadline for presenting your projects. employer darbdavys Daniel's
employers offered to pay for the course. employee darbuotojas Their employees worked a ten-hour day. engagement
idarbinimas, uisiemimas; hectic: very busy I've had a very hectic day at the office. get the sack (infml) I be fired I be
dismissed biiti atleistam is darbo; on business su reikalais She is away on business at the moment. open I vacant
position I vacancy laisva vieta The position has been vacant for several months. They've got a vacancy at the Sales
Department. teamwork; work permit You can't work here without a work permit. working life [lived abroad for most
of my working life.
the work schedule /'Sedju:l ,'skedju:l/ darbo valandos; short I long I steady I unsteady working hours; start work;
stop I finish work; work by the day dirbti padieniui; shift IJrft/ pamaina; work shifts dirbti pamainomis; day shift I
night shift My father works the day shift.
work as She is working as a nurse. work for She works for an oil company. work on I at sth Scientists have been
working on this problem for years.
unemployment nedarbas Last year unemployment rose to its highest level. unemployment benefit I insurance
1m' Ju;)r:ms/ bedarbio pasalpa She's been on unemployment benefit for the last few years. Employment Agency idarbinimo
agentiira; social security socia line apsauga
work
challenging, complicated, dangerous, dull, hard, important, light, manual rankJ.!, fizinis; mental protinis;
monotonous, permanent, physical, professional, (un)qualified, rewarding, seasonal, (un)skilled, steady,
temporary, voluntary I'vol;)nt;)ri/ savanoriskas
worker
careful, (in)competent, conscientious l,konJi'enJ;)sl s'l.iiningas, stropus; dedicated, freelance neetatinis, laisvai samdomas;
hardworking, lazy, low-paid, the private sector, slow, thorough 1'8Ar;)/ kruopstus; workaholic; a blue-collar worker
darbininkas; a white-collar worker tarnautojas
to work . alone, efficiently efektyviai, nasiai; independently; round the clock istis'l. par'l.; smoothly sekmingai, sklandiiai
income
income pajamos You have a good income. increase Im'kri:s/ augti, (pa)diddi, (pa)didinti; living pragyvenimas Do you
know what she does for a living? earn uidirbti He earns a living by carpenting. earnings uidarbis; tax(es) valstybinis
mokestis We do not propose to increase income tax. reward atlyginimas, atpildas; pension; grant I scholarship stipendija;
tip arbatpinigiai; pocket money kisenpinigiai; allowance /;)'lau;)nsl pasalpa He was given an allowance of 50 Lt.
salary is a fixed amount of money that people earn each month or year from their job. Teachers' salaries in London
are quite high.
wage(s) is an amount of money that people earn for working usually according to how many hours or days they work each
week or month. She earns a good wage at the factory.
pay is the money that someone receives as his salary or wages. She lost her 3 weeks' pay. How much pay do you get?
prospects
prospects perspektyvos, ateities planai There will be good prospects for me if [ accept this job. ambition /;)m'brJnI
siekis, troskimas Her ambition was to be a lawyer. experience /rk'spr;)ri;)nsl patyrimas Do you have any previous
experience of this job? qualify as igyti kvalifikacij'l., teis« dirbti I hope to qualify as a doctor. His training qualifies him
as a teacher of English. qualifications; promotion paaukstinimas He has got / gained a promotion.
curriculum vitae (CV) Ibr'rkjul;)m'vi:tar/ duomenys apie moksl'l. ir darbin« veikl'l.
!lse.
'ng?

nap
5 easy
Ollr

• the activities you have done • the activities you would like to take up in the future
• the activities you are engaged in • the activities you would never take up
have
_ i:n1 doing crossword puzzles, playing draughts / chess, video-making, dressmaking, knitting, gardening, fishing,
orb sb camping, swimming, cycling, skateboarding, doing extreme sports (mountaineering, skydiving, hang-gliding
:,:o·nes etc), embroidery, playing sports games (football, basketball etc),jogging, photography, reading books, listening
.;miel's to music, collecting (antiques, coins, stamps, posters etc) .
, ment
/ be
cant
Sales
. .,.most 2 Divide the words below into following groups: books, music, cinema, drama theatre. Some words may
suit more than one group.
work; chapter, screen, stage, orchestra, best-seller, scene, playwright, conductor, stalls, director, author, star, composer,
shift /
cameraman, novelist, box-office, paperback, audience, musical, curtain, science fiction, poem, cinema-goer,
documentary, actress, cloakroom, edition, disc jockey, plot, scenery, first-night, matinee, role

3 Decide which category (books, films) the phrases could refer to. Which words and phrases could refer to
ance both?
inimo
a high quality production well-written badly directed long and boring
a waste of time and money action-packed easy to read hair-raising stunts
~otinis; unpredictable ending worth reading special effects a box-office hit
steady, breathtaking scenes informative slow in development full of suspense
funny and amusing parts blockbuster appeals to all ages highly entertaining
vivid descriptions of characters gnppmg realistic dialogues the story is set
omas; true-to-life exciting powerful enjoyable
worker

, Do you
~tybinis Parts of the film were shot in the studio in Hollywood, but most were made in the streets
ndija; of New York, which makes it at times like a documentary.
J. 2 When I want to relax, I listen to classical music or go to watch in the Art Gallery.
3 Television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of sports events but, to my mind, stay-at-home sports fans
should try to fit and take part in various outdoor activities themselves.
4 In 2004 Greece was the country for the Olympic Games.
5 Students of philology have to read a lot of , consult plenty of dictionaries and books.
6 We had some coffee during the between the acts and discussed the performance.
Who is the most popular in your country and what sort of music do they play?
My brother often borrows books from our public library because he is a great reader of .
fiction, adventure and detective stories.
9 The plot of the novel is sometimes too complicated to follow but still it's a very book.
10 The enjoyed the play so much that they applauded for ten minutes.
5 Choose the word that fits each gap best.

Sport and TV
I think you will agree that there are three kinds of people who are 1..............•.. in sport: people who 2 ...........•• _.
part in various sport activities, people who only watch sports, and people who watch sport 3 tele\·i.·
It's very easy to make fun of stay-at-home sports 4 ••••••••••••••••• , but on the other hand, television does ena >~

to enjoy all kinds of sports events. We can watch a racing car 5 .•••.•.••.••..•.• another, see a cyclist 6 ...............•• -

finishing line, or 7 ••••••••••••••••• the goals of our favourite football team. The first time I watched a tennis 8 ..•.....••• _
was on television, and I found it unexpectedly interesting. It's not always easy to 9 long distan ?S
football 10 •••••.••..••.•.•. , and television is a good solution. Of course, you can 11••.••.••••.•••••• used to sitting'
all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to keep fit, and have other interests and 12 .............••••••

1 a) playing b) succeed c) interested 7 a) like b) enjoy c) am -~


2 a) take b) have c) make 8 a) match b) court c) pi .
3 a) on b) through c) by 9 a) trip b) tour c) tra\·~
4 a) people b) centres c) fans 10 a) areas b) grounds c) t
5 a) cross b) overtaking c) or 11 a) got b) get c) h ~
6 a) overtake b) and c) crossing 12 a) customs b) habits c)

USE of ENGLISH

1 PRODUCT This multi-million has a lot of breathtaking scenes.


2 TENSE The special effects are spectacular and create an atmosphere of __
3 DIRECT Steven Spielberg is one of the most outstanding 0
4 SCENE Junior students helped in painting the for our perfo{::;:::!::I::::="
5 DESCRIBE The author presents vivid and detailed of the c
6 NOVEL Charles Dickens is a well-known British .
7 DEFINITE The novel appeals to all ages and I recornmen i .
8 ACTIVE Various outdoor relieve stress and give us energy.
9 EQUIP Photography is a hobby which requires expensive .
10 ENTERTAIN It's a highly film and I'm sure everybody \ ill e .

2 Read the text carefully. Each line has a word missing. Use the words from the box to complete th
You can use the same word only once. Put a stroke (I) in the place where a word is missing. the
missing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as an example.

I like cinema very much. I try to see all the best films that Ion at the cinema. o -_
I know the names of many actors, directors and cameramen. I no art is so I --.--
accessible as cinema. Not long I saw an American film that once was called
'the greatest motion picture all times'. That film is based on the novel 'Gone 3 _
with the Wind' by Margaret Mitchell. It is a beautiful young woman, Scarlet 4 __
O'Hara and 12 years of her life just before, and after the American Civil War. 5 __
Rhett Butler, a handsome dark hero is in love Scarlet, but she doesn't love 6 .
him. She is in love with someone. A Hollywood film producer, David O. Selznick
invited a young British actress, Vivien Leigh to the part of Scarlet. A famous film star 8 __
of the time, Clark Gable, played the part of Rhett Butler. With great attention the detail 9 .
of the nineteenth century setting director and the cameraman did their best to reveal 10 __
the romantic story. I enjoyed the film even more I had read the novel before. 11 "' _
Someone has counted about one thousand personal interests 1 ways to spend one's free time.
Collecting coins, stamps and postcards 2 one of the most popular hobbies. Lots 3 ..........•..•........
people are interested 4 ••..............•...•.• music, art, cinema and theatre. Some people like taking photos
5 camcordering. Millions of people 6 fond of music and sport.
I don't have 7 time for leisure during 8 week. Apart from aerobics 9 .

Tuesday night and jogging in the morning most 10•.......•.....•.••.••.•.. my time is spent at school. 11•...•.•.•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.
the weekend I like 12.............•.•....•..... visit friends or go to the disco. 13.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•••.•.• favourite pastime is
14•.•.•.••••..•.••.•.•.•.•.•.. do crosswords and to create 15 •.•..•..•..••.•.••.•••.•.•.•.• myself.

You: What I ?
Friend: Books that are easy to read and exciting.
You: Who 2 •...••...........•...••.••...•.••..•........................................•..•••.•••......•••..•••... ?
Friend: Oh, John Le Carre, Len Deighton - writers like that.
You: Do 3 ?
Friend: No, not only spy stories. I do read other kinds of books too.
You: And what 4 ...............................•.....••.•.....•..••.••...•.•...•........•...................... ?
Friend: At the moment? Well, I'm on the very last chapter of a book by J. G. Ballard.
You: What 5 .•••...•..•.....•.•.•..•..•...••..•••..•...........................•....•.•.•••..••..•.••.•..••.•••.•. ?
Friend: 'Empire of the Sun'.
You: What 6 ...••.......•.....•......•..........................•..•..••.•.............•.•.•.••...•.•.••.•.•.••... ?
Friend: It's about a boy who is separated from his parents during the war.

READING and SPEAKING


Read the text Film Star Wars and say whether the statements are true or false. Underline the sentences
that led you to choose each answer.

1 The films Leonardo takes part in are not always popular.


2 Leonardo DiCaprio held a press conference because the filming of The Beach was blamed for destroying
the environment.
3 The role of Arnie in What's Eating Gilbert Grape? revealed his talent.
4 Leonardo DiCaprio was awarded one of the greatest nominations for the main role in What's Eating Gilbert
Grape?
5 Ewan McGregor took part in raising money for charity in the United States.
6 Ewan usually listens to Elvis Presley's songs when he wants to entertain himself.
7 Christina Ricci is popular with bad-tempered, horrible teenagers.
8 Christina doesn't deny that she had serious health problems.
9 Christina is a qualified actor.
10 Cameron Diaz says that she doesn't want to become famous.
11 Cameron enjoys taking risks and spending money.

[j Leonardo DiCaprio
The box office factor: Well ... put it this way; The Beach The 'nice' factor: Considered a 'party animal' , he travels
has a budget of $ 45 million and Leo is being paid $25 million everywhere with ten friends who he hangs out with
of it. Teenage bedroom walls are covered with him and there constantly. By all accounts, he is also very generous.
are 393,421 listings of his name on the Internet. Any film he Accusations that the filming of The Beach was destroying
is in is bound* to be a success. On the other hand, due to the environment upset Leo so much that he held a press
Leo mania, many people have gone off* him a bit and some conference about it.
might even see him as a bit naff* now.
Body: When teenage magazine Bliss held a readers' poll to most people's minds because of the characters she
for 'world's sexiest boy' Leo got over 70% of the vote. plays. In fact, the makers of Sleepy Hollow (a film she's
However, some scenes with him in his swimming trunks were making with Johnny Depp) checked she didn't really have
cut from The Beach because he was looking a bit 'chunky'. a dark personality before they agreed to use her. She
Talent rating: The role that most showed his talent was jokingly says, 'I'll be bitter and twisted when I'm 40
as Arnie the 'mentally challenged' hyperactive younger because I'm kind of leaning that way already'.
brother of grocery clerk Gilbert Grape in Whats Eating Body: She is quite open about the fact that when she was
Gilbert Grape ? His performance earned him an Oscar 15, she had anorexia but in her own words, 'I've accepted
nomination for the best supporting actor. that I'm never going to be totally skinny and I've got over
'Cool' factor: He doesn't want just to be seen as a teenage it. It's just a shame the way people link beauty and thinness'.
heart-throb* and in the past he has accepted scripts for Talent rating: Though she's never had an acting lesson,
small films just because he liked the story. her acting has won universal praise. It all stems from
Other things: He's very close to his parents. He loves being appearing more angry than she really is and freaking people
a clown on the sets of his movies. However, it was no joke out.
when a boat turned over while he was filming The Beach 'Cool' factor: People admire her honesty and her humour.
and he had to swim for his life. She doesn't kiss up* to anyone.
Other things: She's both self-assured and insecure. 'I want
iii Ewan McGregor to be treated like an adult but at times when I'm filming
The box office factor: The world's his oyster*. Having been away from home I want to say, 'I'm 18, you'd better assign
in Trainspotting, A Life Less Ordinary and numerous other me a parent. Or at least find me a hotel where someone can
films, he's been a major contender* for a while but his come and find my dead body.' Cher is one of her biggest
Phantom Menace success means 'The Force' is now fans and when she was younger she took Christina under
definitely with him. He is also currently directing his own her wing.
small film called Tube Tales.
The 'nice' factor: Last year, he helped raise money for Red ~ Cameron Diaz
Nose Day (a charity day in the UK when people do silly The box office factor: Since her success in Something
things and buy and wear red plastic noses.) He adores About Mary, people have accepted that she is not just a
spending time with his wife and daughter and is a family pretty face.
man through and through. The 'nice' factor: She is nice but that's part of the problem;
Body: Several of his film roles have required nudity which she would like to be gi ven roles where she is less of a nai ve
he's been quite happy to do. child. She managed this with her latest movie, Bad Things
Talent rating: He has had such a huge variety of roles and where she plays a less than sweet bride.
accents. When he rang up the producer of American hospital Body: She used to be a model and several movie magazines
drama ER and asked to be in it, they gave him an hour-long have called her the sexiest woman on earth.
special. Danny Boyle, maker of films like Trainspotting has Talent rating: Although she had never acted, she has shown
chosen him for many of his films, although Boyle decided that she has talent for comedy. Danny Boyle, maker of
to pick Leonardo for The Beach. Trainspotting, The Beach and A Life Less Ordinary says he
'Cool' factor: When he was six, he used to pretend he was was totally impressed with her.
Elvis Presley to entertain his parents' guests. 'Cool' factor: She claims she isn't particularly fazed* by
Other things: If he has to make himself cry for a role, he fame and it doesn't interest her, it's just that she likes acting.
listens to Old Shep - a song about a faithful old dog that She proved herself to be game for a laugh while filming
dies. both My Best Friends Wedding and A Life Less Ordinary
by agreeing to do karaoke in a room full of hostile strangers
iii Christina Ricci when she knew she couldn't sing. Actually she is quite gutsy
The box office factor: Having practically grown up on screen, in general. Firstly, she has racing car driving as a hobby
her recent films such as The Ice Storm, The Opposite Of and secondly, because when she was filming A Life Less
Sex, Packer, 200 Cigarettes and Go (and soon to be filmed Ordinary in LA, all the other actors requested drivers
Ghost World) show she has cornered the market in sarcastic, because they felt safer. Cameron turned down the offer
moody, bitchy* teenagers. and drove herself.
The 'nice' factor: 'Nice' is not the first word that springs Other things: She's a total spendaholic.

GLOSSARY
bound to be: almost certain to be; go off someone: to stop liking someone so much; naCC:(Br infml)
unoriginal, without style; a heart-throb: someone whom everyone finds very attractive; the world is his
oyster: (infml) he can do whatever he wants; contender: someone who competes with other people for a
prize or job; be bitchy: to be mean and horrible to people; kiss up to someone: (infml) to do or say nice
things to make someone like you; faze: (infml esp US) to upset or shock sb, esp so that they cannot continue
doing sth.
Section A Section C
1 is almost certain to be successful . 8 bad-tempered .
2 spends a lot of time with . 9 I have overcome .
3 he loves his parents . 10 helped and protected Christina .
4 had to save himself by swimming .
Section D
Section B 11 people think it's true that .
5 without any doubt . 12 she succeeded in doing this .
6 at the present time . 13 she is courageous and enjoys taking risks
7 to amuse . 14 asked for dri vers .

1 constant - . 7 person - .
2 accuse - . 8 joke - .
3 perform - . 9 skin - .
4 current - . 10 thin - .
5 nude - . 11 secure - .
6 faith - . 12 total- .

• who his / her favourite actors are


• if s/he would like to be a famous film star. Why? Why not?
• what his / her ideas about cinema as an art form are
• if there are any Lithuanian films produced nowadays
• if cinema attendance has fallen or risen lately
• what film s/he saw last and what it was about
• if s/he had to decide where to go: to the cinema, to a concert or to the theatre, which s/he would choose.
Why?
• what influences her / him when deciding on a film or show to see (stars, director, reviews, personal
recommendation, advertisements, other influences)

- Work in pairs. Answer the following questions and compare your answers with the information given in
the text.
wry 1 Which is easier to get the news from: newspapers or TV?
cers 2 Which is more interesting: to read a biography of a famous person or to watch a television programme about
tsy
her / him?
tlby
3 Which is usually cheaper: a paperback or an evening at the cinema?
Less
4 What books should be in every home?
'ers
affer a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias
b) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poems
c) a mixture of both good non-fiction and your favourite fiction

Why Read ?
Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will
buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the
information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read a novel, when a play on television can tell you the
same story with colour, picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when an
hour-long television programme can tell you everything you want to know?
Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very large numbers. And
books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and
entertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback
paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper r

an evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times.
Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books shoul
every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world.
large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find info
on any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non- fiction books, science tex .
cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction 0 _
shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poem 0= __
shelves and share the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.

• if slhe is fond of reading • who the most famous Lithuanian writer


• what kind of literature slhe prefers and why • what books by popular contemporary wri ~
• what book s/he read last and what it was about would recommend to read and why
• her / his opinion of films based on books • why slhe likes / dislikes reading books
• if s/he believes that watching TV can replace • who her / his favourite author is. Wh ?
reading books and why • what English / American writers slhe kno
• if slhe buys books or borrows them from the
public library
paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper tha
an evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times.
Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be :
every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world, wi
large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find informati(
on any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non-fiction books, science textbool
cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction on yc
shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poems off yc
shelves and share the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.

• if s/he is fond of reading • who the most famous Lithuanian writers are
• what kind of literature s/he prefers and why • what books by popular contemporary writers s,
• what book s/he read last and what it was about would recommend to read and why
• her / his opinion of films based on books • why s/he likes / dislikes reading books
• if s/he believes that watching TV can replace • who her / his favourite author is. Why?
reading books and why • what English / American writers s/he knows
• if s/he buys books or borrows them from the
public library
lOne cannot visit the ICA on because it is closed. 2 The phone number for information i:
............................ 3 If you want to get invitations to exhibitions previews, you have to pay .
4 A day pass costs 5 With a day pass, you have the right to visit .
6 Children may visit the ICA free of charge on condition that they are an<
............................... 7 The coffee and buffet counter is open from 8 One can have
lunch at the restaurant between 9 In case you are looking for rare copies of magazines 0
newspapers, go to 10 For details about hiring the ICA's premises and facilities one shoulc
contact 11 Visitors can leave their cars at the in .

8 Read the paragraphs. Choose the best hobby for Emily, Brian, Ann and John from the key phrase
given in the box. Compare your and your partner's suggestions.
~
learn to playa musical instrument do voluntary work at a local hospital join a chess club
,
-- - up badminton take up photography go to an evening class in flower arranging
..•
; in a walking club take flying lessons take up 'do-it- yourself' go jogging take up yoga
, /

- ~is a translator and spends most of her day working alone. She has several hobbies - she makes her OWl
lothes and enjoys gardening - but she would like to get out of the house and meet people.
Brian has a very stressful job in an advertising agency. His friends think he is a workaholic and he does no
ave much time for hobbies. However, he would like to find a hobby that is both stimulating and relaxing.
Ann is a teacher, but she has been unemployed for almost a year. She spends most of her day reading but i
now getting very bored. She is also worried about her future.
d) John is a machine operator. His job is tiring and monotonous. He spends most of his spare time watching hi
local football team and listening to jazz, but he would like an active, creative hobby that would give him mor
personal satisfaction.

are stimulating and relaxing


olve meeting new people and socialising
elp you to stay fit and are really good for your health
e active and creative at the same time
. oaden your outlook and develop your imagination
reduce stress and tension after a hard working day best
=or some people may seem monotonous and tiring
~nrich your knowledge of history and geography

'hat his / her favourite way of spending an afternoon or evening out is


- /he is interested in theatre and what Lithuanian theatres s/he has been to; what her / his impressions we]
-;: s/he ever goes to concerts, exhibitions; what kind of exhibitions s/he prefers
'here s/he went last month and why; who s/he went with; what s/he enjoyed most about the occasion

- - slbe plays a musical instrument and how long s/he has played it
-hat type of music s/he likes to listen to when s/he is with her / his friends; when s/he is relaxing alone
. 'hat bands s/he likes most, who her / his favourite singers and groups are
. -hat type of music is the most popular now among young people
-~ benefit / charity concerts are popular in Lithuania; what well-known bands and singers take part in then
0\ s/he would comment the saying 'Music heals, music harms'.
WRITING

1 Read the review of the book and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the bank given. You
may use the word only once.

Money Talks
'Money Talks' is one of J. A. Horton's most famous novels, and has always been very popular since it was
first 1 in 1957.
The 2 .•...•.••...•.•••••••••••••• takes place in the South of England. The main character is a young doctor, Andy
Brown. The central theme of the book is the young hero's 3 between his ideals and interest
in money. At first, the enthusiastic young man 4 of doctors who are not well qualified and do
not treat their patients 5•...........•..•............. He criticises the fact that they think only about money. But'at some
point of the story Andy's enthusiasm for medicine changes into a(n) 6 ..............•...•...•..•.. to become rich.
'Money Talks' is a well-written book with 7•..••..•••.••••••••••••••••• and vivid character descriptions. Through
Andy's character and his career, the author reveals some 8•.............•...........•• facts about doctors and their
profession. Convincing characters and dramatic events make 'Money Talks' a(n) 9..•.........•......•... novel.
Although the book was written long ago, I found it highly entertaining. It is one of the most unforgettable
books I have ever read and I definitely 10•••.•••..••.••..••.••••••• it to those who enjoy true-to-life stories. You will
find it hard to put the book away.

2 In what part (introduction, main body, conclusion) of your book I film review should you answer these
questions?

1 What is the title of the book / film? 6 Who are the main characters and what details
2 Who is the author / director? about the characters are important?
3 What type of book / film is it? (a novel, 7 What would you like to emphasise? (style of
a historical drama, an adventure story / film etc) writing, acting, music, special effects etc)
4 What is the book / film about? 8 What is your opinion of the book / film?
5 Where / when is the action of the book / film set? 9 What did / didn't you like?
10 Would you recommend it to read / see?

3 Write a review of a book I film you have enjoyed. Descljibe the book I film and say whether you would
recommend it or not. Remember to use the Present Simple tense when describing the plot. Writing
your review follow the given plan. You may find the phrases and sentences in the box helpful.

Introduction • This is a thriller, a love story, a classic, ...


Para 1 general information about the • The work is based on ...
book / film (title, type of book / • The film / story is set in ...
film, author / director) • The plot focuses on ...
Main body • The film / book reaches a dramatic climax ...
Para 2 setting, main characters, brief • It is extremely well written / well produced. I didn't like
points of the plot the way it was written / produced.
Para 3 general comments • It is really imaginative / full of suspense / thought-provoking.
Conclusion • The characters are very life-like / not very convincing.
• Parts of the book / film are very funny / sad / exciting.
Para 4 your opinion, recommendations
• The ending is really unexpected / surprising / spine-chilling.
• I found the ending a bit boring / predictable / disappointing.
4a) Complete the note Amy has left to her roommate. Use the words from the box. There are more
than you need.

Dear Vic,
This is just a quick note to 1 you know that I've 2.••••..................... to the concert. Ma
has got a 3•.•.•..•..•.•.•.•.........•. ticket and she asked me to 4•.•.•.....•..•............•.•. her company. I'll
5•.................•.•..... at approximately quarter to eleven. I've 6•.•.•..•.•.•.•..•..•......... your dinner in thefridgt
Andrew 7.......•..••.•.••.•.•.•.••.•. me, will you be so kind as to 8........•••..•.••.••...•....•..• down his new phone numb,
/ hope you've 9..•.•..•....•.•..•.•....•..•.•..... your credit test successfully.
Best wishes,
Amy

Dear Vic, Writing a brief note:


Gone to concert with Maria. Back about /0.45. 1 you may leave out articles.
Dinner in fridge. If Andrew phones, please get his 2 personal pronouns are not obligator
new number. Hope credit test went well! 3 any part of the verb can't be left 01
Love, 4 you can use shortened verb forms.
Amy 5 you must be sure that the meaning
laconic phrases is clear to the read

Mr David Jay
25 Hill Street
Woodland
Dear Mr Jay,
Although we realise you are very busy, we do hope you can find time to accept the invitati,
As one of our distinguished ex-teachers we would like you to address the parents and stude
with a short speech before handing out the awards.
We are looking forward to seeing you.
mJ We would like to invite you to attend our award ceremony at Greenwill College which
DID being held on 28 June this year. The proceedings will begin at 4.00 and end around 6.00 in
afternoon, after which a dinner will be given at 8 pm for our prominent visitors, teachers (.
college students.
Yours sincerely,
~d{danuY

Clare Adams
You are a leader of your local youth club. Write a letter and invite a Peace Corps volunteer to give
in English to a group of club members on popular youth pastimes in the USA.

Be sure: to name the event


to write the day and date, time, place of the meeting
to indicate the time limit of her / his performance
to give your telephone number in case your guest wants to contact you
7 Complete the fonnal thank-you letter below with appropriate opening and closing paragraphs given in
boxes A-D.

Maironio g. 52
LT-2001 Vilnius
Mr Edgar Rowe June 25, 2003
Gedimino g. 100-2
LT-2000 Vilnius

All the members thoroughly enjoyed your talk and your video of the annual youth festival in your
home town was extremely interesting. The members were particularly excited to find out so much in
common in the ways young people spend their leisure time.
Your visit has stimulated the members to make a start on a new project to mount a joint folk dance
festival.
z

Yours sincerely,
d(~~lan<Up
Algis Blandys

A Hello, Mr Rowe B Dear Mr Rowe,


Thanks a lot for your visit. Thank you very much for corning to speak
It was fine you could come. to our club members last Tuesday afternoon.

C So, see you next summer D Thank you once again for taking time to visit
when you come to the festival. us. It was a memorable afternoon for all.

8 Write a formal thank-you letter to Mr Rowe who worked with you after hours to get you through the Final
English exam. Use the following ideas:

• Thank Mr Rowe for his kindness / hard work.


• Say in 2-3 sentences why his actions helped you or were important.
• Close your letter with repeated thanks.
NB Be sure to write the letter promptly. Do not wait more than a week after the exam.

WORD BANK
accessible /:lk'ses:lbV prieinamas breathtaking /' bre8, telkrIJI kvap'!. gniauziantis
amusing /:l'mju:zIIJ/ juokingas, Iinksminantis broaden l'brJ:dn/ paplatinti, praplesti
annual/' <enju:lll metinis camcorder l'k<em,b:d:l(r)1 vaizdo kamera
apart from /:l'pa:tl isskyrus cameraman 1'k<em:lr:l,m<enl kino operatorius
appeal/:l'pi:1I patikti catering l'kert:lrrI)I viesasis maitinimas
applaud l:l'phdl ploti chapter I't;f<ept:ll skyrius
assign l:l'saml pavesti, paskirti charity I't;f<errti/labdara
attendance l:l'tend:lns/ lankomumas chess I't;fesl sachmatai
benefit I' ben:lfltl nauda claim Iklerm/ tvirtinti, reikalauti
blame /bleIm! kaltinti cloakroom I'kbukrum/ rubine
blockbuster /'blokbi\st:l/ ypac populiarus commence Ib' mensl prasiddi
box-office hit ypac populiarus conductor Ibn'di\kt:ll dirigentas
contemporary Ik:m'temp::lr::lril siuolaikinis pastime I'pa:s, taIm! pramoga
convincing Ibn'vmSI1)1 itikinantis periodical l,pI::lri'Od1kl/ periodinis leidinys
counter /'kaunt::ll prekystalis pitch IP1tfi (sport. iaidiml{) aikste
current l'kAf::lntl dabartinis plot/plotl siuzetas; intriga
custom l'kASt::lm/ iprotis, paprotys poll Ip::lulJ viesosios nuomones apklausa
definitely l'defmltIil aiskiai, tikrai praise Iprerzl girti, garbinti; (pa)gyrimas
deny Id1'naI! neigti predictable Ipn'd1kt::lbI! nuspejamas
desire IdI'ZaI::lInoras, troskimas premises l'prem1s1zI pastatas su zemes sklypu
disgraceful IdIS' greIsfll gedingas, negarbingas prominent I'pronun::lnt/ zymus, pastebimas
draughts Idra:ftsl saskes promptly I'promptlil tuojau pat, greitai
embroidery Irm'br::nd::lril siuvinejimas provoking Ipr::l'v::luk11)1erzinantis, provokuojantis
enable II'ne1bI! igalinti, leisti raise money I'rerz 'mAnil surinkti pinigll (labdarai)
engaged (in) 1m' geld3dl uzsiem«s reduce Irr'dju:sl sumazinti
enrich Im'rrtfl praturtinti, pagerinti reference book I'ref(::l )r::lnsl informacine knyga
fame Iferml garbe, slove relieve In'li:vl palengvinti, sumazinti
fiction /'flkIn/ grozine literatiira reveal Irr'vi:I! atskleisti
forbidden/f::l'b1dn/ draudziamas review In'vju:1 recenzija, atsiliepimas
freak out (infml) I'fri:kl uzgaida, keistenybe; su(si)jaudinti scenery I'si:n::lril dekoracijos (teatre)
gripping /' grrpI1)1patraukiantis science fiction I,Sa1::lnS'f1kInl moksline fantastika
guts (infml) IgAtsl dr,!sa; valios stiprybe screen Iskri:nl ekranas
hang about Ih<e1)1siaistytis, siampineti script Iskrrptl scenarijus; tekstas (vaidmens)
eal Ihi:l/ uzgydyti setting knygos, filmo veiksmo vyksmo vieta ir laikas
Ih::lustl seimininkas skydiving I'ska1,da1VI1)1parasiutizmas
uence /' rnflu::lnsl itaka solution IS::l'lu:In/ (is)sprendimas
-ecure l,msI'kju::lI nesaugus source IS'J:sI saltinis
olve Irn'voIvl itraukti ,pectacular Isp::lk't<ekjul::ll ispiidingas
ping /' d309 11)1begimas ristele spine-chilling I' spam, tf1h1)1 g,!sdinantis
. Imtl megzti spy IspaI! snipas
nic /l::l'konrk/ lakoniskas, trumpas stalls l'st'J:lzl parteris
e /'le3::l1Iaisvalaikis stunt Istllntl kaskadinis triukas
. ee l'm<etmeI! dieninis spektaklis, seansas, koncertas suspense IS::ls'pensl itampa
r /'mit::ll skaitiklis tension/'tenIn/ itampa
t Imauntl surengti title I'ta1tI! pavadinimas
-ty I'nju:d::ltil nuogumas unpredictable 1,lInprr'drkt::lbl/ nenuspejamas
l::lb'teln/ gauti, isigyti valid I'v<ehdl galiojantis
k I' aut,lukl poziiiris vivid I'V1V1dlryskus, gyvas
~~.h'e/,::lUV::l'telkl (ap)lenkti voluntary I'voldnt(::l)ril savanoriskas
ack I'pelp::l, b<ek/ knyga plonu virseliu vote /'v';JUtl balsuoti

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


ering I video-making filmavimas video kamera; camping stovykiavimas; carpentry I'ka:pmtril mf:dzio dar
"puzzles; model-making modeliavimas; painting tapymas; pottery keramika; sewing /'s::lUI1)1siuvin
otographs fotografavimas
as a hobby; give up I took up golf when I was sixteen, but I gave it up last year.
=~!ed in sth uzsiimti kazkuo At the moment I'm engaged in embroidery.
club I wanted to learn to play chess, so I joined a chess club,

': audience publika; balcony; ballerina; ballet l'b<eIeI! dancer; box loze; box-office bilielll kasa; b
'::Scl~.- D' ilietus; cast aktoriai; clown; composer; curtain uzuolaida; circle amfiteatras; entrance iejimas; emergE
;;::S:!::"Z:::5 '''i>jimas; first I opening night premjera; interval pertrauka; musical miuziklas; opera house operos ir b2
pit orkestro vieta; perform vaidinti, atlikti; performance vaidinimas; performer atlikejas; playbill a
mrgas; props rekvizitas; puppet theatre leli4 teatras; put on a play I concert pastatyti vaidinimq; sur(
. n of 'Hamlet' was put on at our school. revue In'vju:1 reviu; row eile; seat vieta; stage scena
cinema-goer Are you a keen cinema-goer? stuntman kaskadininkas; comedian; performance seansas Let's go to thl
eight o'clock perfomance.
be a success Thefilm was a great success. be a flop neturintis pasisekimo They put on a musical of 'Jane Eyre' bu
it was a flop. play the part / role of sb atlikti vaidmeni A. Surna plays the role of A. Seputis in the Lithuanian seria
'Relatives '. be on There's a good film on at the cinema this week. Siq savait~ rodomas geras filmas. be based on stl
sukurtas pagal The film 'Gone with the Wind' is based on the novel of the same title. be set The action is set in France
Veiksmas vyksta Prancuzijoje.
types of films / movies: action, cartoon, comedy, disaster, documentary, drama, historical, horror, science fiction
thriller itempto siuzeto filmas; trileris; travelogue I'tr~vd,logl kelionill filmas; war film, western
music
cello I'tfel:ml violoncele; clarinet I,kl~rd'netl; drum bugnas; flute Iflu:tl fleita; guitar; organ vargonai; piano; saxophone
trumpet trimitas; violin l,vard'lm/ smuikas; play the piano / violin She plays the piano very well. sing in a choil
I'kwardl dainuoti chore; band: a group of people playing music; orchestra; musician
types of music: classical music; folk music liaudiska muzika; orchestral music; pop music; jazz; rap; rave; regga,
I'regerl rock' n'roll
exhibitions. museums. galleries
antique Idn'ti:kl antikvarinis, senovinis, antikinis; applied art taikomoji daile; art menas; brush teptukas; canvas drobe
exhibit Irg 'zrbrtl eksponatas; eksponuoti; fine art vaizduojamoji daiIe; painting paveikslas
genres in painting: landscape peizazas; seascape juros peizazas; portrait; self-portrait autoportretas; still-Iif,
natiurmortas; water colour akvarele; oil aliejus; sculpture l'skAlptfdl; fresco I'fresbul
museums and galleries in Lithuania
The Gediminas Castle Museum, the Museum of Applied Arts in Vilnius, the Trakai Castle, the Historical Museums in Vilniu
and Kaunas, the Amber Museum in Palanga, the M. K. Ciurlionis Memorial Museum in Druskininkai, the Stone Museum i:
Mosedis, the Country Life Museum in Rumsiskes, the Art Museum in Vilnius, the Ciurlionis Art Museum in Kaunas, th
Zilinskas Art Gallery, the Art Exhibition Centre in Vilnius
types of books
fable pasakeCia; fairy tale pasaka; folk Ifduk/ tale liaudies pasaka; novel romanas; poetry; prayer book maldynas
reference books (atlas, dictionary, encyclopedia Irn,sarkld'pi:did/); science fiction moksline fantastika; thrilleI
travel book; western; short story novele, apsakymas; story apysaka; apsakymas
expressions connected with bC?oks: be deep in; co-author bendraautorius; dedicate The book is dedicated to hi
mother. inscribe The collector had many books inscribed to him by famous authors. skim (through) perbegti akimi~
perversti He skimmed through the book.
bookworm informal someone who enjoys reading books and spends a lot of time doing it
sport(s)
athletics /~e'letrks/; baseball; bowls Ibdulzl kegliai; cycling dviracill sportas; cricket; darts smiginis; figure-skatin~
gymnastics; golf; hang-gliding sklandymas skraidykle; horse racing arklillienktynes; riding jojimas; rowing /rdUI~
irklavimas; skiing; sailing / yachting I'jotrIJI buriavimas; snooker / billiards I'brliddzl; tobogganing Itd'bogdnr~
roguciq sportas; windsurfing burlencill sportas; wrestling I'reshIJI imtynes
sports facilities: gym(nasium) sporto sale; football field; swimming pool; stadium; tennis court
expressions connected with sport: set the record pasiekti rekord'l.; break the record sumusti rekord'l. He broke th
Olympic record last year. be good at; take part in dalyvauti; win; lose; penalty bauda; home team; goal ivarti:
point taskas Our team won by two goals. end a game in a draw baigti zaidim'l.lygiomis The game ended in a dray,
compete well / poorly; fan; event rungtis; training treniruote; score pelnyti, laimeti, igyti; a score rezuItat2
What's the score? - It's 2:4 in favour of our team.
In most games you score goals (football, hockey) or points (table tennis, basketball).
A a journey by ship for pleasure
B a journey by plane
C the plan of the journey
D a journey by sea
E an informal word for journey, during which you visit a place and come back again
F an organised journey, especially a long one for a particular purpose
G a holiday which includes organised travel and accommodation
H a general word which means the activity of travelling
I an organised journey to see the sights of a place
J a journey from one side of the sea to the other

1 The travel agent will send you the for your trip.
2 My friends went on a guided of Rome.
S; 3 The first time I went from England to France we had a very rough .
r; 4 The first prize in the competition is a luxury Mediterranean .
5 When you go on a , you pay one price which covers everything.
:is 6 The college organised an to search for the ancient ruins.
IS, Lithuanian Airways announces the arrival of LA 263 from Rome.
The Titanic sank on its first in 1912.
9 is one of my main interests.
10 Mr Jones is away on a business at the moment.
g;
T]/ : Complete the chart by putting the words in one of the following categories. Add three more words to e:
T]/
category.

bed & breakfast (B&B) flight attendant train station ferry train
bolidaymaker youth hostel petrol station guide terminal
run out of petrol reserve a room motorcycle airport bus
o some sightseeing go on foot helicopter coach sightseer
book a holiday miss the bus guest house harbour lorry
self-catering flat receptionist traveller guard gate
boarding ~£f.':4 . scheduled . check-in . departure .
excess . holiday . travel . traveller's .

I Single to Manchester, please. a) You want to know if this train is a through one.
2 Do I have to change? b) You want to go to Manchester but not to come back
3 Is there a buffet car? c) You are looking for the place in the station to buy tickf
4 Where's the ticket office? d) You want to know how much a ticket that lets you tra
to a place and back again costs.
e) You have to know exactly where in the station you;
on the train.
f) You are looking for the office where they keep thin)
that people have lost in public places.
7 Which platform? g) You want to buy food and drink on the train.
8 Where's the lost property office? h) You are planning to sleep during the journey.

a) combined air-fares and car-hire f) all meals will be provided


b) doing your own shopping and cooking g) an envelope, stamped and with your own address OJ
c) sleeping in tents h) the price covers everything
d) accommodation and breakfast i) travelling by road, not air
e) breakfast and dinner will be provided, not lunch j) not in the most popular season

USE of ENGLISH
1 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes tJ
are necessary.

The George Hotel


A 1•..•...••..••.••••.• atmosphere is guaranteed at the George Hotel, FRIEND
which is situated in a quiet 2 ...•...•.....•.••••• area in the historic heart RESIDENT
of the city, just a few minutes' walk from 3...............•.... London. CENTER
All 30 bedrooms are 4 ••••.•••..•....•.••• to a high standard and most EQUIP
have en suite facilities. The 5•............... ~... is modem: colourful FURNISH
TV sets, tea and coffee-6 ••.•••••.....••••..• facilities and direct dial MAKE
telephones. Some rooms are reserved for non-' . SMOKE
A full English breakfast is 8 in the price and is INCLUDE
9 ..................•. between 7 am and 10 am in the Breakfast Bar. SERVE
Dinner can also be booked at 10••••••.•..•••••... for a supplement of 3 pounds. RECEIVE
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Don't change the w(
given.

1 I stayed in Italy for two weeks last year.


fortnight
I stayed in last year.
2 It is difficult to find anywhere to stay in this town in summer.
accommodation
It isn't easy this town in summer.
3 I'd like a room for the night, please. A room for two people.
double
I would like for the night, please.
4 That was a private house where you pay to stay and have meals.
guest house
The place we stayed at wasn't a hotel. It .
5 I'd like to reserve three single rooms for the next week, please.
book
I'd like for the next week, please.
6 It was raining, and the 1}olidaymakers couldn't find a place to put up a tent.
campsite
It was impossible for the .
7 I'd like a room for the night, please. Do you have a free one?
vacancy
Have you got , please?
8 The school has its own place for students to stay.
hostel
The studen ts .

3 Read the text below and decide which word or phrase A, B, C or D best fits each space. Circle the letter
the right answer.

Holidays
Which is better - to go on a package 1 or to 2 on your own? I suppose the answer depends 3 .
what kind of tourist you are. A complicated tour organised by a travel 4 has some advantages. You h2
5 itinerary, which gives you definite 6 and arrival dates, and a list of all your 7 The 8 .
may be cheaper, as it has been booked 9 •.....•..• , so you spend 10 .........• time worrying where you are going
stay. If you book a hotel yourself, you might have trouble finding a(n) 11 •.•••••••. , unless you are going to sl
12•.••.••••• a fortnight, for example. On the other hand, organising your own 13 •••••••••• can be fun. 14••••••
students hitch-hike or buy cheap train tickets, and 15 the night in student hostels or guest houses.

A travel B tour Cjoumey D cruise


A travel B trip C voyage D tourist
nat Aon B from C about D of
.f A office Bagent C tour D operation
A- B the Ca Dan
6 A departure B parting Cleaves D quitting
7 A cancellations B meetings C stations D destinations
A bedrooms B staying C flat D accommodation
9 A before B advanced C in advance of D in advance
_0 A most B more C less D fewer
_1 A empty B free C vacancy D availability
Ain Bout C for D since
.,
A voyage B expedition C trip D package
.>."7 A much B many Clots D plenty
-
A have B spend C spends D have spend
1 'I won't be able to leave the hotel until six o'clock,'she told me.
She told me .
2 'We will take a taxi to the airport,' they told me.
They told me .
3 'Our luggage is damaged,' they said.
They said .
4 'The Wilsons have gone on holiday,' says Mr Smith.
Mr Smi th say s .
5 'How long have you been sunbathing,' he asked me.
He asked me .
6 'Don't skate on the lake,' the teacher warned the children.
The teacher warned us .
7 'I'm going to the airport to pick up my wife,' said Mike.
He said .
8 'Can you show me on the map where I am?' asked a passer-by.
A passer-by asked me .

1 Read the article and trace the events of Jullian's journey (A-I) writing the numbers in the order tJ
events happened. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
[]A] At the world-famous surf camp. [=rID Astonishing and awesome surfing.
[]Q A strange ban. c:=:IQ] In search of help.
CJm The surfmg of the Australians. []]E] At the narrator's destination.
[JQI Homesick, but longing for adventures. D.Hl A night out.
[]I] A serious injury.

SURF THE WORLD


hi! When I arrived in Bali, it was sultry and I had I[] After I said farewell to the Australians there wa~
nowhere to stay. I hadn't even left the airport when big religious ceremony on the island which involve
the taxi driver tried to con* me. Eventually though, everyone being forbidden by the police from enteriJ
he did take me to a very cheap and beautiful place, the water whether they were in a boat or on a surfbOat
just outside the hustle and bustle of Kuta and I ended I watched all these amazing waves going to waste un
up spending a few weeks surfing some of the most I couldn't stand it any longer. I ran around the cli
amazing surf breaks in Bali. After this I caught a small paddled out and had one of the best surfs of my Ii
boat to a tiny island called Nusa Lembogan. It was with the pick of the best waves. Luckily the poH
idyllic. One of the surf breaks was called Lacerations* were all watching the cockfighting in the centre of f
because you have to surf in shallow water over some island so I got away with it.
very sharp coral. It took me a few days to psych* III My friend Brook and I had arranged to meet bal
myself up for it but I did it. in Bali and then go on a surfer's dream trip to G-lan
HI When I got back to Bali I met up with some East Java, a world-renowned surf camp in the midd
Australians. We sampled the nightlife wearing only a of thick jungle, next to one of best reefs in the wor]
pair of shorts and sandals and we hired a car. This We arrived on the jungle edge where you can see tige
was a brave move considering that Balinese drivers monkeys, and panthers (if you are lucky) and snak
are insane. Also, the police seemed a bit corrupt. (if you are unlucky). Money was a bit tight so we stay,
Knowing we were tourists, they stopped us 3 times in the cheapest accommodation - a three-sided op
and demanded a fine. All we could do was pay it tent with two mattresses and mosquito nets about 11
because they kept threatening to send us to jail. There metres down a winding jungle path. I was a bit worri
was never a receipt or anything and they were about malaria so the nets were a welcome addition
obviously just pocketing the money themselves. the pills and repellent.
IIThe fIrst night there was a thunderstorm that literally knew what to do and as the pain was dying down v,
shook the ground. At two o'clock in the morning, I all went back to bed - this time with a torch. In tI-
felt an exceptionally painful bite or sting on my toe. morning a Javanese man looked at my swollen fOI
Everything was so wet and we had no light so I couldn't and told me it was a scorpion sting. After hearing th:
really see anything at all. I could feel the poison; it I was relieved that my last adventure on my trip hadn
felt like someone was holding a lit cigarette on my been my last ever! As it was our last few days, v,
foot. I was in agony. I had to get to the camp to get moved to nicer accommodation where only the ra
help, knowing there was no way of getting to hospital would bother us.
if we needed to. Due to the rain, the path had turned
into a stream. I couldn't see it at all well so Brook had
a By the time you read this, I'll be back in Englan4
I'm looking forward to seeing family and friends agai
to lead the way, wadding through the surf while I clung but I'm going to miss travelling. Culture shock, here
onto therocks and was blinded by the lightning every come!
two seconds. When we reached the camp, no one

GLOSSARY
con: to trick someone (usually in order to make them give you money); lacerations: deep cuts or tears (usuall
in someone's skin); psych up: (infml) to try to make feel mentally ready for sth

(Para 1) hot and humid; a lot of noise and activity; peaceful and pleasant; not deep
(Para 2) examined by experiencing; rented; required; apparently
(Para 3) included; stared at; couldn't endure; the choice
(Para 4) agreed to do sth; boundary; short of money; chemical that repels insects
(Para 5) unusually; damp; extreme mental or physical suffering; to show by going in front; held tightly
onto; arrive at; my anxiety vanished

2 The behaviour of the police towards tourists in Bali was illegal: they .
3 Though there was a strict ban not to enter the water during the ceremony, Jullian .
4 Fortunately Jullian succeeded in avoiding punishment for disobeying the law because .
5 G-Iand jungle was teeming with various animals: .
6 The tourists were worried about malaria, so they needed .
7 That exceptionally sharp pain appeared to be :..
8 They moved to a new accommodation because .
9 Although a feeling of confusion and anxiety caused by contact with the Balinese was great, Jullia

~ Read the text. Fill in the table below expressing your opinion on the pros (support) and cons (agains
of travelling by plane, train and ship. If information is not available in the text, give your own point (
view. Be ready to report your opinion to the class.

Travelling
I hate seeing people off. I like being seen off myself. I'm very fond of travelling and I think that all ways (
travelling are good. Of course, if you can afford it, there is nothing like travel by air. It is the most comfortab
and quickest way. You board the plane and in no time you find yourself in the remotest part of the world. n
only thing I dislike about planes is delays by fog or snowstorm. Air passengers often suffer such delays. I woul
like to say a word or two for trains. With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. You s
comfortably in a train and watch a view of the whole countryside. If you are hungry, you can have a meal in
restaurant-car. You can also meet and talk to lots of people. I have never travelled by ship but I would like tl
I would like to feel the deck of the ship under my feet, to see the rise and fall of the waves and to feel the fre~
sea wind blowing into my face. I like going to the harbour and looking at all the ships, cargo-ships, sailin
ships, rowing boats. The only bad thing about a sea-trip is being seasick. Lots of people get seasick, especiall
when the sea is rough.
TYPE OF TRAYELLING PROS CONS
PLANE
TRAIN
SHIP

Sa) Work in pairs. Look at the Airport Departures notice-board and ask your partner questions on the
following points given below the table.

Example: The number of flights to Paris. - How many flights are there to Paris?
I The number of British Airways flights. 6 The number of flights between 10.25 - 10.45.
2 The destination of flight 604. 7 The destination of the Pan Am.
3 The airline flying to Amman. 8 The time flight 902 takes off.
4 The flight which takes off at 10.58. 9 The number of airlines.
5 The number of destinations. 10 The departure time of the flight for Stuttgart.

5b) Plan with your partner a trip by bus to a foreign country. Discuss the following points: the things you
are going to take, the places you would like to visit, the accommodation.

5c) Use the following prompts to interview a partner about her / his holiday.

• What / best holiday / you / have? Where exactly / you / go? Why / decide / go there?
• Who / go with? Where / stay? How long? Recommend / accommodation / friends? Why? Why not?
• It / be / famous place? What places / interest / be / there? What / you / see and do? What entertainment
facilities / be / there? Where / you / go / evenings? You /like / food? Why? Why not?
• You / sad / come home? Why? Why not?
6 Work in small groups. Fill in the table to show the advantages of different types of transport and
accommodation. Be ready to report your opinion to the rest of the class.

Hitch- Going Going by Staying at


Hotel Hostel Campsite
hiking by car coach friend's
It's cheap.
It's comfortable. ../

You feel free to do as you like. ../

It's interesting. ../

No need to plan or book. ../

It's quick. ../

It's safe, not dangerous.


WRITING

1 Read the postcard and underline the words that should be contracted while writing postcards.

August 6''', 2002


Dear Mummy and Dad,
Hi! We are having a fantastic time here in France - it is such
good fun! We have been to the Louvre and have bought some
great posters here. We are hoping to go to Disneyland tomorrow.
Patrick has taken lots of photos with his new camera.
I have got a slight cold at the moment, but do not worry it will
soon go, I am sure.
It is a pity you could not come with us. Anyway, we are
looking forward to seeing you.
Love,
Isabel

2 Read AI's postcard to his penfriend in Lithuania. Capitalise, punctuate it and write proper
following address:(LIETUVA), LITHUANIA, Asta Upyte, Vilnius, LT-2014, Subaciaus g. 120.

Dear Aunty,
[AJ Meanwhile all is well with us. Mom and Dad mostly come home from work very late. I usually.j
alone and play computer, listen to music or meet my friends. Mom and Dad are having their hoh
in August and we are going to Holland for a week.
lliJ I appreciate all the things you and Uncle Jack did to give me a good time. Thank you once more
your kind attention and understanding.
[Q Thank you ever so much for the most interesting holiday I ha\'e ever had! I had so many'
experiences! Everyone is already getting tired of hearing me talk about my big holiday at y.
farm. I had so much fun. I can't stop talking about it - the swimming and riding, feeding
poultry, my first attempts to learn to milk a cow (it was one of the most challenging holil
pursuits), the trip to town on Saturdays, the all-night party of the neighbourhood, and y,
wonderful meals. Mom says I have been spoiled rotten.
Sincerely,
Al
• where you are on holiday and where you are staying
• what the weather is like and what you have done already
• your impressions of the place, the food or entertainment
NB Don't forget proper opening and closing remarks.

5 Read the draft letter of enquiry for hotel accommodation. Paragraph it properly using the framework
for structuring business communication given below.

Gelil{ g. 3-10
LT - 2001 Vilnius
Lithuania

Hotel Hayden
Mariahilferstrasse 57
1060 Wien
Austria
Dear Sir/Madam
My family and 1 are planninng a trip to Wien and 1 have found the name of your private hotel in the
holiday guide received from the Tourists Information Centre. Please let me know if you have
accommodation for a family of five persons for one week from Saturday 6 August. We shall require
one double and one twin-bedded room and one single room. The single room should be near to the
lift as it is for my elderly mother. If you can provide this accommodation, please send me a copy of
your brochure and also your charges for full board. I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours faithfully
'0na5/~~

Jonas Petraitis

Introduction Why are you writing?


Background and basic Refer to a previous letter or document.
Details Give instructions.
Facts and figures Ask for information.
Provide all relevant data.
Conclusion What action is necessary by a recipient?
Response or action What action will you take according to the details provided?
Close A simple, relevant closing sentence is all that is often necessary.

6 What are" the English conventional ways of writing dates? Cross out the dates which do not meet the
requirements.

151 September, 2002 October 2nd, 2002 November 3, 2002. December 23nd, 2002
1 September, 2002 October 2, 2002 3 November 2002 2002-12-23

7 Write a letter of enquiry of 100 - 120 words to the proprietor of holiday flats. Be sure to include the
following:

• Your friends Mr and Mrs recommended you this accommodation, state when and how long they
stayed there.
• Your family consists of 3 people and you wish to take your dog with you. Mention rooms, dates and specific
requirements.
• Ask for confirmation and further details concerning facilities and charges.
advantage I~d'vo:ntrd31 privalumas marvellous /'mo:v~lgsl nuostabus
amazing Ig'meIZrl)l nuostabus narrator lng' rertgl pasakotoj as
anxiety !leI)'zargtil nerimas, susiriipinimas net Inet! tinklel is
apparently I~'peergntli/ aiskiai, akivaizdiiai night out naktis praleista ne namuose (linksminantis)
appreciate Ig'pri:Ji,ert! vertinti obviously /'obvigslil aisku, akivaizdu
arrange Ig' remd31 susitarti off-peak lof 'pi:k1 ne piko
astonishing Ig'stonrJrl)l nuostabus overland /,guvg,leendl sausumos
attempt Ig' tempt! bandymas paddle /'peedll irtis, pliuskentis
availability Ig,verld'brlgtil galimybe naudotis, turejimas passerby Ipo:s~'bar/ (pI. passersby) praeivis
avoid 1~'v'Jrdl isvengti path Ipo:81 takas
awesome /''J:s(g)mJ bauginantis; stulbinantis pill Iprll piliule
ban Ibeenl (ui)draudimas poison /'p'Jrznj nuodai
behaviour Ibr'heIVj~1 elgesys poultry I'p~ultril naminiai pauksciai
bite Ibartl ikandimas proper l'prop~1 deramas, tinkamas, reikiamas
blind Iblamdl apakinti property I'propgtil nuosavybe, turtas
bother I' boogl varginti, trukdyti proprietor Ipr~'prar~tgl savininkas; valdytojas
boudary I'baund( g)ri/ riba provide Iprg'vardl patiekti
challenging /'tfeehnd3rl)l reikalaujantis daug pas tang\.! pursuit Ip~'sju:t! megstamas uisiemimas
charge ItJ o:d31 mokestis, kaina rack /reekl lentyna
cling (clung, clung) Ikhl)l kabintis reach Iri:tJI pasiekti
cock Ikokl gaidys receptionist In'sepJnrst! registratorius (viesbuCio ir pan.
damage /'deemrd31 (su)gadinti, apgadinti receipt In'si:tl kvitas
definite /'def(g)ngtl aiskus, tikslus, nustatytas receive Irr'si:vl gauti; priimti
delicious Idr'hJgsl skanus relieved Irr'li:vdl jauCiantis palengvejim,!
demand Idr'mo:nd/ (pa)reikalauti remote In'mgutl tolimas, nuosalus
departure Idr'po:tJ gl isvykimas renowned In'naundl pagarsej((s, iymus
destination l,destr'nerJn/ (ke/iones ir pew.) tikslas repellent In'pelgntl vabzdiius atbaidantis chemikalas
dial /'dargl/ (su)rinkti telefono numeri requirement /rr'kwargmgntl reikalavimas, biitina s,!lyg,
disobey I,drsg'ber/ nepaklusti resident I'rezrd(g)ntl gyventojas
edge led31 krastas resort In'z'J:tl kurortas
endure /rn' djugl pak((sti run out of neturdi daugiau
enquiry 1m' kwarril pasiteiravimas, (pa)klausimas sample I'so:mpl/ (is)bandyti
en-suite lon'swi:t! liukso kambariai scheduled I'Jedju:ldl planinis, planuotas
enter I'entgl ieiti self-catering l,self'kertgnl)l suteikiantis galimyb((
equip /r'kwrpl irengti atostogaujanciam paciam pasigaminti maist,!
exceptionally /rk'sepJn~li/ nepaprastai serve IS3:vl patiekti
fabulous I' feebjul~sl pasakiskas shallow I'Jeeldul seklus
feed (fed, fed) lfi:d/ maitinti snorkeling l'smkhl)l plaukiojimas (su kvepavimo vamzdeliu)
ferry /'feril keltas spoil rotten /'rotn/ (is)paikinti, (is)lepinti
ortnight /' f'J:tnartl dvi savaites stamp Isteempl uiklijuoti pasta ienkl,!
furnish /'f3:nrJI apstatyti baldais stand Isteendl pak((sti, isk((sti
et away with issisukti nuo bausmes stare Iste~1 spoksoti
ard Iga:dl palydovas (traukinio) sting Istrl)l igelimas
. e Ihargl issinuomuoti sunbathe I's!l.nberol degintis sauleje
olidaymaker I'hohder,merbl atostogautojas surf IS3:fl bang\.! miisa; uisiimineti banglenCi\.! sportu
omesick /'hgum,srkl besiilgintis nam\.! sultry I's!l.ltril tvankus
umid /'hju:mrdl dregnas supplement /'s!l.ph,ment! papildymas
tie and bustle bruzdesys, sujudimas swollen I'swgulgn/ patin((s
egal /r'li:gl/ neteisetas teem with lti:mJ knibZdete knibZdeti
elude Im'klu:dl itraukti thick 18rkl tankus
elusive Im'klu:srvl imtinai threaten /'8retnl grasinti
jury /'md3gril suieidimas, suialojimas thunderstorm /'8!1.ndg'st'J:mJ audra su perkiinija
- - ne Im'seml ne viso proto, psichiskai nesveikas tight Itartl nepakankamas (apie pajamas)
Tolve 1m 'vDlvj itraukti, iPainioti tiny I'tamil mazy tis
erary lar'tmgrgril keliones marsrutas vacancy I'verbnsil laisva vieta
Id3erll kaIejimas vanish /'veenrJI dingti, isnykti
1b:1 istatymas waste Iwerstl eikvojimas, veltui praradimas
g (for) 1101)1 labai nordi, troksti wade Iwerdl bristi
ge Ilaund31 laukiamasis, holas winding l'wamdlIJI vingiuotas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
TYPE OF DIFFERENT KINDS PEOPLE WORKING IN
ASSOCIATED FACILITIES
TRANSPORT OF VEHICLES /'vi:rklzl 1HEM

sports car; cab / taxi driver / chauffeur /'J:mf;;" petrol station degaline
ROAD
lorry sunkvezimis J;;,u'f3:/ garage
coach Ibutfl turistinis mechanic /mr'krenrk/ service station
autobusas; bus bus conductor terminal didele stotis
van autofurgonas;
bicycle / bike; motorcycle

express / fast train; local engine-driver masinistas railway station; terminal; platform
RAIL train; slow train; through ticket collector kontrolierius ticket-office; waiting-room
18ru:1train tiesioginis guard Iga:dl palydovas compartment/bm'pa:tm;;,nt/ kupe
traukinys porter I'p'J:t;;,1nesikas carriage / coach Ibutfl vagonas
underground / the tube(infml) buffet I'bufer! car I dining car /
metro restaurant car

yacht Ijot/; rowing boat; ship captain cabin kajute; deck denis
SEA
liner; ferry I'feril keltas steward /'stju::JdJ quay /ki:/ prieplauka; docks
trawler I'tr'J:!;;,1traleris stewardess /,stju::J'des/ light-house - svyturys
!
harbour /'ha:b:Jl/ port uostas

(aero)plane pilot airport oro uostas


AIR
jet Id3etl reaktyvinis lektuvas stewardess (female) / flight terminal terminalas; information I
jumbo l'd3Amb:ml jet didelis attendant (both) office check-in bilietq registracija
keleivinis reaktyvinis lektuvas ground staff oro uosto departure lounge isvykstanCiqjq sale;
helicopter sraigtaspamis darbuotojai gate isejimas prie lektuvo
crew Ikru:1 igula, ekipazas cabin lektuvo salonas; security I
check Isr'kju:Jr:Jti,ifek/ patikrinimas

some more words connected with travel


passenger keleivis; ticket: single bilietas i vienltpus((, return ticket bilietas ten ir atgal, open return bilietas su is anksto
nenustatyta grizimo data, standby ticket rezervinis bilietas; book tickets uzsakyti bilietus; fare Ife'Jl mokestis uz vaziavimlt
He hadn't enough money for his bus fare. destination l,destr'nerJnl keliones tikslas, paskirties vieta We should reach our
destination by about midday. luggage I'IAgrd31 baggage l'bregrd31 bagazas; excess baggage I'eksesl bagazo virssvoris You
have to pay excess baggage. trolley I'trolil veiimelis bagazui veiti I need a luggage trolley.
board sesti i lektuv<t,laivlt ar traukini; a boarding pass I card leidimas sesti i lektuvlt ar laivlt i
at the Customs
Customs muitine; Customs officer; pass I go through Customs; declare Idr'kle'J/; isvardyti / pateikti apmuitinamus dalykus
Customs Declaration I,dekl;;,'rerJn/; fill in a form I declaration; list sltrasas Will you look through the list of goods you have
to declare? duty Idju:til muitas; pay duty on sth moketi muito mokesti You must pay duty on spirits if you want to bring them
to the country. dutiable apmuitinamas; duty-free neapmuitinamas, be muito; articles I items I belongings I things; tax-
mokestis; security Isr'kju'Jr'Jtil apsauga, go through security / passport control; entry visa ivaziavimo viza; exit visa
isvaziavimo viza; frontier IfrAn'tr;;,/, border l'b'J:d:l1siena; immigration I,Imr'grerJn/
AIR flight Iflartl skrydis; reisas Yourflight is from terminal A. Flight BA 677 has just arrived. The flight to London is from
gate 10. The flight BA 435 is boarding. Keleiviai sodinami i lektuvq vykstanti reisu BA 435.
scheduled /'Jedju:ldl flight reisas pagal grafiklt Many airlines have cancelled scheduled flights because of bad weather.
charter I'tfa:tdl flight uzsakytas reisas Many businessmen go to China on charter flights.
cancel atSaukti Has our flight been cancelled? delay Idr'ler! atideti The plane was delayed by snowstorm. call a flight
paskelbti lektuvo isskridimlt; be running late There s been an accident and all the trains are running late. take off pakilti;
land nusileisti
TRAINS Trains always run on time here. You have to change trains at Bristol. BristolyJe Jums reikia persesti. Your train
leaves from Platform /0. I always travel second class. The train 10.05 from London is due to arrive (turi atvykti) at platform
one. We got on the train andfound our seats. We missed (pavetavome) the 8 o'clock train.
SEA The liner sets sail at noon. Laineris isplaukia vidurdieni. My parents took me on a voyage round Europe. Ifelt seasick.
As susirgau Juros liga. We called at various ports. Mes uisukome i ivairius uostus.
CARS Our car does 10 km to the litre. It usually overtakes (aplenkti) other cars. It is dangerous to overtake on a bene,
You get on a bus, train, plane, or ship, but you get in or get into a car or taxi. She kissed him, got into a car and drove awa)
You get off a bus, train, plane, or ship, but you get out of a car or taxi. Both drivers got out of their cars and startee,
shouting at each other. You go or travel by bus / taxi/ train/ferry / car etc. It'll be much quicker ifwe go by taxi. Sonu
of the beaches can only be reached by boat. If you travel by air / sea /land, it means you travel by plane, in a boat, or on
land. It s much quicker if you go by ail; but it s also more expensive. If you walk, you go on foot. The bus didn't come,
so we set off on foot.
types of travelling
crossing persikelimas (per Up((ir jurv I want to take the night ferry crossing to Esbjerg.
cruise /kru:zl turistine kelione jUra, aplankant ivairias vietas, kruizas They are planning to go on a cruise in the Pacific.
expedition; go on an expedition The expedition to the North Pole was unsuccessful.
flight skridimas, skrydis, reisas It has been my first flight.
hitch-hiking I'hrtJ.harkrr]1 nemokamai keliauti pakeliui vaiiuojanciais automobiliais Motorists give hitch-hikers free rides.
journey kelione (numatytas konkretus atstumas ar laikotarpis), pramogine kelione; ajourney of three days or a three da:
journey; to be on a journey keliauti; take ajourney issirengti i kelion((; break one's journey pertraukti kelion((, trump,
sustoti; reach one's journey's end; to make / go on a journey from •.. to •.• ; He went on a journey to London.
package tour suorganizuota isvyka (su visu islaikymu) Package tours are becoming more and more popular.
tour kelione (trumpai aplankant daugeli vietti), tume; a sightseeing tour of the town ekskursija po miestll I went on a to
of Scotland during my holiday.
travel (ilga) kelione, keliavimas Is he backfrom his travels yet? He is writing a book about his travels.
trip kelione, isvyka, ekskursija; round trip kelione ten ir atgal; be away on a trip buti isvykusiam i kelion((; take a trip L
you enjoy your weekend trip to the seaside?
voyage kelione (jura); make a voyage Ifelt seasick during the voyage to Kiel.
transport and traffic
public transport /, ph blrk' trrensp:J: t/; traffic I'trrefik/ eismas, j udej imas, transportas; heavy flight traffic; traffic jam I w,
stuck in the trafficjamforan hour. road; main road pagrindinis kelias; motorway greitkelis, autostrada; crossroads sankry:
We came to a crossroads. street; one-way street vienos eismo krypties gatve; turning posukis Take the second turning (
the left. roundabout ziedas; road / street hump vole lis (greiCiui suletinti), crossing pereja; level crossing pervaza; peli~
crossing pereja, kuri pereinama mygtuku iziebus atitinkamll signalll; blue zone terminuota masinq stovejimo aikStele In t)
blue zone you can parkfor one hour only. speed limit greiCio apribojimas He was speeding. fine tlauda He had to pay
fine of$ 10. dangerous l'dernd3grgsl pavojingas; safe saugus; safety I seat-belt saugos dirias Fasten your safety-bell
traffic lights sviesoforas; signpost I'sarn,pgustl kelio zenklas; follow sb or sth Follow this road until you get to the churc.
distance atstumas; lose one's way pasiklysti; pedestrian lpg' destngnJ pestysis; traffic warden I'w:J:dnJ stovejimo aikstel<
:sto
priziurdojas; driving licence I'larsnsl vairuotojo patymejimas / teises
fill
~ur accommodation bustas, pastoge
You types of hotel accommodation: hotels in Britain are graded with stars from one-star to five-star (five-star hotels are the best an
most expensive). You can also stay in a Bed & Breakfast (B&B) (also called a Guest House) where you pay for a bedroom an
breakfast.
a single room: for one person with a single bed; a double room: for two people with one large double bed; a twin room: for tw
;>eoplewith two single beds; full board: includes breakfast, lunch and dinner; half board: includes breakfast and dinner;
book in uzsiregistruoti; reservation l,rezg'verJnl isankstinis uzsakymas; reception /n'sepJnl registrarura; receptioni!
ave
'rr'sepJnrstl administratorius, registratorius; message l'mesrd31 zinute, rastelis; lounge Ilaund31 poilsio kambarys; bi
tem
S(lskaita; receipt/n'si:t/kvitas; pay cash moketigrynais; button mygtukas; lift; porter neSikas;chambermaid/'tJermbg,merc
ax -
"ambarine
,isa
a tip arbatpinigiai; give a tip I tip sb I tipped the porter who carried my luggage upstairs.
other types of accommodation: camp-site: a place where people can stay in tents or caravans; youth hostel: cheap accommo
ation, mainly for young people; self-catering flat: a flat which you rent but you have to cook for yourself, holiday camp;
;;pecially built village with accommodation and organised entertainment for people on holiday
olidays
oliday a period of time when you do not have to go to work or go to school I have six weeks' holiday each year. You 100!
ight
'red, so what you need is a holiday. the holiday I summer holidays July 1st is the first day of the summer holidays. holiday:
:ilti;
school holidays; the Christmas I Easter holiday We spent most of the Christmas holiday at my grandma s be I go on holida~
. spent my holiday / the holidays at the seaside. holidaymaker atostogautojas
~ain avel agency kelioniq agentura; guide Igardl gidas, ekskursij4. vadovas; itinerary /ar'tmgrdril marsrutas (numatyta keliom
orm tlankytinom vietom) A detailed itinerary is supplied. route /ru:t/ kelias, marsrutas The fastest route from Birmingham t(
lanchester is the motorway.
1 Find pairs of synonyms. Translate the phrases into Lithuanian.
Example: 1 to respect - e) to look up to
1 to respect a) to idolise
2 to end one's relationship b) to fall out
3 to be friends again after a row c) not to see eye to eye
4 to argue and disagree d) to break up
5 to have a row with sb e) to look up to
6 to have a good relationship f) to make it up
7 to admire or love a person greatly g) to have an affair
8 to have a secret love relationship h) to get on well with each other

2 Change the underlined words and express the same idea using the phrases from Ex 1.
1 My friend Jane and I have a good relationship.
2 My sister has had a row with her boyfriend again.
3 He said silently: 'Let's try and be friends again after a row.'
4 Everybody is talking about it! Don't you know that Jane is having a secret relationship with her boss!
5 Diana and Paul ended their relationship a year ago.
6 They are twins but they often argue and disagree with each other.
7 Grandfather often told me that children should respect their parents.
8 I think Jane doesn't just like Pete - she admires him too much.

3 Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions about, on, down, up, of, with. You may use them more than
once. Write down your own sentences with these phrases.
1 to fall in love sb 8 to be brought by one's parents
2 to look on sb 9 to be ashamed one's behaviour
3 to act one's own 10 to complain one's neighbours
4 to agree sb 11 to put with people's differences
5 to get angry sb 12 to approve sb / sth
6 to be cross sb 13 to be patient little children
7 to get sb's nerves 14 to take care sb

1 I think it was her appearance that me most.


2 Teenagers hate being like children and they want to be independent.
3 My parents are very tolerant and they never me about my hairstyle or clothes.
4 I'm tired of so many and I do want to decide just a few things for myself.
5 Her father hates anyone with ideas on divorce and abortion.
6 Children have to try to themselves at school, otherwise they can be bullied.
7 What do you usually about with your family or friends?
8 I need your because I feel helpless and I don't know what to do.
9 Mother constantly me about my marks.
10 My dad always ; me and I could never let him down.
1 CONFIDE I still feel the and harmony that we used to have at home when I was a c
2 BEHAVE They are always moralising about young people's .
3 AGREE We about music and politics but we still were good friends.
4 ANNOY It's awfully when your parents don't trust you.
5 APPROVE The older generation often of our manners, hairstyles and the way we dl
6 DEPEND I have my own ideas and principles and I feel quite of anyone
7 PATIENT My dad demanded a full explanation and was starting to lose his .
8 DISCUSS Don't shout and try to show that you are able to take part in a reasoned .
9 TIDY Polly was so that she drove her flatmates mad.
10 SELF Miranda was such a person that she never made any real frien
11 EXPECT Nobody's perfect, so try to have realistic and don't demand
much of your best friends.
I used to be very shy when I arrived here but my aunt always m
get out and meet more people.
Your friendly smile and can make people change their minds wid
any force and anger.

2 Decide which answer A, B, C or D fits each space best.

Everybody 1 problems with parents and so have I. The problems with my parents 2•.................
when I was sixteen. I wanted to get a Saturday 3....•..................... but my parents ordered me to stay at home
study for my exams. Whenever I 4 ............•...........••. that all my friends had Saturday jobs, they always repL
'We don't care 5........................•... , it's you we're worried about.' Their standards infuriated me so much 1

I did whatever 16 ...•....•.............•..... to provoke them. I purposely dyed my hair white blonde and plastered
face in make-up when I went to school. 7............•....•....•. , all I managed to achieve was mass arguments bef

I left 8..•••.••••••••..•..•......... Every time I attempted to go out in the evening, my parents asked me 9.........•......••••••.
out with and where we were going. They even 10•..••.••..............•..•••. my giving them my friend's telephl
number in case they 11..........•••..••......•.•.....• to contact me. I felt that if! gave it'to them they 12........•............•
on me. It never occurred to me that they were just worried about me.

1 A had B has C have D was having


2 A started B start C had started D have started
3 A working B work C job D occupation
4 A pointed at B pointed to C showed them D pointed out
5 A what they do B what do they do C what did they do D what they done
6 A could B can C was able D will be able
7 A Besides B Although C However D Moreover
8 A anyway B anywhere C nowhere D anyhow
9 A who was I going B who I was going C where I was going D where was I goi
10 A insisted in B insisted about C insisted of D insisted on
11 A need B would need C needed D will need
~
12 A would check up B will check up C checked up D check up

3 Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be the
Tick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and writE
next to the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.

I quite liked Andrew when we &first met. However, although my


friends said they found him attractive I didn't fancy him at all. He
invited me out and I must to admit that I was more impressed by his
car than by him at first. However, I really enjoyed it being with him.
He fascinated me with his stories of his travels in the mountains. 3 .
Moreover, we were both very keen on the music. Soon I realised I had 4 .
fallen in love with him. His sense of humour really appealed to me. 5 .
Now, two years later I so absolutely adore him and I can't understand 6 .
why I didn't fall for him the moment we first set eyes on to each 7 .
other. He is a very caring person, often fond of children. He is always 8 .
affectionate and loving towards me and the people he cares for. 9 .
I hope we'll always worship by each other and be as devoted 10 .
to our life when toge!her as we are now. 11 .

4 Complete the sentences with the words from the bank. You may use the word only once. There are
more words than you need.

How to get on with other people


1 Show interest in others. 6 Make others important.
2 to others. 7 Admit your mistakes.
3 Smile. 8 Respect others' .
4 Don't others. 9 Be kind, polite and .
5 Show your appreciation. 10 Treat others in an open way.

5 Read the text below. Each line has a word missing. Use a stroke to show where a word has been left out
and write the missing word on the right. The first has been done for you.

It is thought that friendship is more important / romantic love. It is one o ,thr:1J. .


of most rewarding experiences in life. Without friends you would feel lonely and 1 .
isolated. You would be deprived all the warmth and intimacy that come 2 .
from sharing a close relationship someone. Moreover, the feelings of security 3 .
trust can also help you when dealing with various aspects of life. A real friend is 4 .
always faithful and reliable. It is to whom you can tell your deepest personal 5 .
thoughts without fear being betrayed. However, nobody's perfect. So, try to 6 .
have realistic expectations and demand too much'of the other. We all have been 7 .
let down a friend at some point in our lives. Maybe your friend let out a secret 8 .
or sided with the opposition during an argument. Have mind that friendships don't 9 .
develop overnight. They deepen over time as you begin trust each other. 10 .

6 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a complete
letter. The first has been done for you.

Dear Mr and Mrs Greens,


1 Thank / very much / wonderful weekend!
.T.ht;ll1k Y.QH. Y.~ry.11;.l-!9h.h,r .. t;l.. WQIJ.4<!,rju,(.w<!f3.km4.!. .
2 I / have / such / good time / visit / you / your family.

Yours sincerely,
Irene Howe
READING and SPEAKING

SWEET SIXTEEN
John Oliver takes a critical look at what it's like being It is the difference between your own and your parents'
sixteen. priorities that makes family life explosive when you're
sixteen. Many parents don't worry too much about whether
It isn't easy being sixteen. It's a time of conflicting
their child is popular, having a good social life or going out
feelings and desires. You want to go out and have fun, with friends. Instead, they emphasise the importance of
have a social life, have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, maybe doing well at school and getting good exam results. You
start a serious relationship. At the same time, important know that they're right, up to a point - that you have to
public exams are clouding the horizon1 and your school have qualifications to get anywhere in this competitive
work is becoming more and more demanding. At home you
- erate ) world. But at the same time you realise that however brilliantly
want your parents to treat you like an adult yet you still you do in your exams, you won't be happy if you haven't
depend on them for food and practical help. It's also a time got any friends. You also know that if you don't collect new
when friendships can be unstable as you experiment with experiences, and take social and emotional risks, you will
your own self-image. You may feel a sense of loss as you not become an independent and self-reliant adult.
drop your old friends or are yourself dropped by them. These Sex can be another cause of conflict between l6-year-
:eelings of pressure and conflict at school, at home and aids and their parents. At the age of 16 it becomes legal in
-=.longst your peers are not generally helped by those Britain for heterosexuals to have sex. However, this legal
tactless adults who tell you to 'make the most of the best milestone does not bring with it a sense of liberation for all
years of your life because it's all downhill after you leave teenagers. For those who are shy with the opposite sex and
school'. don't have a boyfriend / girlfriend, it can actually cause a
The fact is that l6-year-olds today are a lot busier than feeling of failure. Those who do want a sexual relationship
those adults were 30 or 40 years ago. You seek your face practical difficulties. Quite apart from a fairly prevalent
pleasures more actively and cram a lot more int02 your lives. fear of AIDS, there are very few l6-year-olds whose parents
You're impossibly busy (when you are not in one of your allow them to bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for the
well-earned Sunday'morning comas) trying to get homework night.
done, revising for a science test, playing in a match, What words of comfort or useful advice can we give to
rehearsing for a play, looking your best for your new teenagers? You, not your parents, must decide on your
boyfriend / girlfriend or going to a friend's party. Many of priorities even if you won't always make the right choices.
you are trying to solve your constant money shortage by But try to keep your options open4 by balancing school
doing a part-time job. At the same time, your parents are work, social life, relationships and hobbies. Living with your
- ddenly expecting more help from you at home, with parents won't last forever. So, while you are with them,
washing-up, babysitting and other domestic duties. You make the most of not having to pay electricity and heating
realise that you have to establish priorities3, but you find it bills. Enjoy having a fridge full of food and your laundry
hard, especially when your parents want to do it for you. done for you. And remember, being sixteen only lasts a year.

GLOSSARY
lc10uding the horizon: spoiling the future; 2cram ... into: pack tightly into; 3priority: a thing that is regard~d
as more important than others; 4to keep one's options open: to avoid making a decision now, so that one still
has a choice later

Summary
It's difficult to be sixteen. Firstly, you would like to be treated as a(n) 1 Still you cannot be
otally 2...•..•••.•....................• of your parents because they provide you with money ~nd food. Secondly, it's the
time when you may feel 3 ..........•..................... as your friendships break up. ThIrdly, teenagers n?wa~ays
. ve more 4.....•................•......... than their parents used to have. Moreover, they often take part-time Jobs
_ \l~ethe~ ate constantl)' s of money. Furthermore, when you are sixteen you are
oilen in 6 with your parents because of the difference between your own and your parents'
priorities. You understand that you have to be 7 ify?u wan.t to get. a good job, so you must
tudy hard, also you know that new experiences, social and emotIOnal n~ks WIll help you to beco~e
(n) 8 adult. Another reason teenagers and their parents about ~s
sex. Though it is legal in Britain to have sex when you are 16, still very 10•...............•............. :. parents let th~Ir

~hildren bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for the night. To sum up, though you lack expenence and practIce
of life it is you who has to make 11•.•....•........................ and be responsible for them. Very often you may be
faced with a difficult 12 .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• of your priorities, nevertheless, try to give equal importance to
different parts of your life. So enjoy living with your parents and having no problems with 13....................•........... ,

14•..••.••.•.••.••.•.......•.•.•.. and piles of various 15 ••.•.•••••.•.•.•••..••..•.•.•..•.

1 being in serious disagreement, argument, opposition - c .


2 needing a lot of your time, attention or effort - d .
3 likely to change or end suddenly - u .
4 not being careful about saying or doing something that could upset someone - t.. .
5 causing strong feelings, making people angry or violent - e .
6 involving competition - c .
7 making people have strong feelings - e .
8 not wanting or needing anyone else to help you or do things for you - i .
9 not confident, especially about meeting or talking to new people - s .
10 existing or happening generally; widespread - p .

3 Look through the questionnaire and tick only these definitions which characterise a good friend.
Calculate your score and read about your attitude towards friendship in the Results Table below.

A Friend
1 D never gets tired of listening to you 8 D can give you helpful advice
2 D tells you everything about himself / herself 9 D accepts your mistakes
3 D is always able to encourage you 10 D knows how to console you
4 D never criticises your behaviour 11 D wants the best for you
5 D runs to your help immediately 12 D prefers you to others
6 D knows when it is the right time to speak 13 D is on hand when necessary
7 D cares and is close to you in all situations

Give yourself 5 points for answers 5,6,8,9, 10


Give yourself 10 points for answers 3, 7, 13
Give yourself 30 points for answers 1, 2,4, 11, 12

1 to 2S points 30 to SS points
You tend to choose your friends superficially. You get It's difficult for you to make friends because you aren't
on well with them, but relations are only skin deep. Be very willing to get involved with other people. If you try
careful, true friendship should be more rewarding. One to be more warm-hearted and accommodating, you'll
day you could feel lonely and disillusioned. see how others will like you.

60 to 100 points More than 100 points


You enjoy getting to know other people and this helps Friendship is a vocation for you and it fills your life.
you form close friendships. You are good at listening You are generous and open-minded, you know how to
and giving sensible advice to your friends. In return, help others and you are prepared to shrug off their faults.
they trust you, so your relationships with others are All these characteristics enable you to form sincere
nearly always sincere and loyal. relationships. Well done!

4 Choose the definition which states the meaning of the word or phrase best. Find and highlight the
words and phrases in the questionnaire above.

1 to encourage 2 to console
a) to make something possible a) to make someone unhappy and worried
b) to give somebody confidence and hope b) to hide something
c) to ask for information c) to make someone who is sad feel better
3 is on hand 5 willing
a) is near you and ready to help when a) wanting to do something
necessary b) going to happen in the future
b) holding each other's hand c) reluctant to do something
c) is very busy
4 disillusioned 6 sensible
a) annoyed or unhappy a) able to make good decisions based on facts
b) extremely unpleasant rather than emotions
c) feeling disappointed because something is b) easily upset by the things people say or do
not as good as you thought c) showing kind feelings such as sympathy, love

• why some people have many friends and some have very few; which is better?
• how your partner would define the phrase 'a true friend'
• if people with different personalities can be good friends
• how often s/he meets her / his friends and what they like doing together; why they get on well with each other
• if your partner's friends have ever caused him / her any serious problems; how he / she solves them
• why sometimes best friends break up

6a) Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or phrases from the bank given. You
may use the words only once. There are some extra words you will not need.

fond of can't stand care for complains receive equal


get acquainted get into conflict get on well falls out with rely

Our Family
Our family is rather large. I have a father, a mother, a grandmother, a sister and a brother. The members of
our family 1 with each other; the children respect their elders.
My father is a designer. He works hard at his office and at home he helps my mother who is a very busy
woman. She is a doctor and works at a clinic. Father and Mother really love each other. If sometimes it happens
so that they 2 •.••.•....•.••.••..••••••...... with each other, it takes them a short time to make it up. They really are
3 partners in life. I admire my parents sharing daily routines and helping each other to
create a comfortable and cosy home to live in. They have shown me that two people can 4 ••...............••......•••...
each other for their whole lives.
My grandmother who has retired lives with us. She keeps house for us. Even though we all try to help her,
she has a lot of work to do about the house but she never grumbles or 5 and fulfils daily
routines without haste.
My elder brother is an engineer. He adores his profession and thinks that it is the best one. He is married
with two children. As he says he has fallen in love with his wife the moment he first saw her. They live not far
from us and we often invite them for dinner. They come to see us at weekends.
My sister is a student at University. She has a boyfriend and as it seems to me she doesn't just like him, she
idolises him I suppose. I 6 him and we often argue.
I am a schoolboy. This year I'm finishing school. I'm fond of music, I'm good at Maths and Physics and I'm
interested in computers. I want to become a computer programmer. I'm 7 writing letters
too, especially to my pen friends abroad. I suppose it helps greatly to learn a foreign language better. Not long
ago I joined an International Pen Friend Club. It's a great fun to 8 ....................••........• letters from my new
pen-friends. I enjoy corresponding with them and I'm glad to tell them about my country, its customs, national
traditions and myself. I always look forward to the letters I receive because I am delighted to read them and to
9 ..................••.......•..• with the people I have never seen in my life.
6b) Express your opinion on the situation when three generations live together. Use your own arguments or
refer to the text.

How does life with parents and grandparents influence the relationships among the family members? Would
you like to live with your parents when you are grown-up? Why? Why not? How could you describe the
relationships among the members of your family? What do you admire in your parents? Are there any family
traditions that your parents passed on to you? How can one achieve harmony at home? What do you think of
big and small families? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an only child in the family? Is it
good when other relatives live not far from you?

Young people are often complaining that it is difficult to get on well with their parents because their elders do not
understand them. How do your parents treat you? Is generation gap evident in your family? Do you often have
arguments with your parents? What do you usually argue about? How do you behave when you feel that your
parents don't approve of your behaviour, taste in clothes, choice of friends, hairstyle etc? What do you think is
the best way to cope with this problem?

8 Write down five characteristics of an ideal wife / husband. Compare your list with the list your friend has
made and explain your choice to each other. Discuss the following:

• the right age to get married


• the importance of good looks, intelligence and money in a partner
• 'rules' for a happy marriage
• men's and women's traditional roles in the family
• divorce as the best solution to problems between a husband and a wife
• living with someone you are not married to
• living by yourself

WRITING

A The problem has to do with my parents. D they don't take me seriously.


B I have no one to talk my problems over. E Anxiously waiting for your letter.
C If you were in my shoes, what would you do?

Dear Auntie,
Thanks for your letter. It was nice to hear from you. How is your little doggy? I hope he's
all right. Now that my school is ovel; I've decided to write you a letter because 1 .

I need your advice.


2•••.....••••.•••.•••••.•...................••••••. My friends and I want to go on a camping holiday for
some days. We agreed to take our tents, some food and to stay by the lake for the weekend. There
will be five of us. But my parents don't want to let me go. They say it would be better for me to
spend the time at my granny's in the village and to help her there with the gardening (which I
hate). I've told them that I don't like staying alone in the country but 3 .

Another problem is that they think I'm too young to go alone with my friends without an
adult. What should I do to make them understand that I've grown up? I feel helpless and I don't
know what to do. I shouldn't leave without their permission, should I ? 4 .

Let me know what you think of the situation as soon as possible. I would appreciate your
advice. 5.................................................. .
Yours,
Lucy
2 Divide these set phrases into three groups: set phrases for the opening paragraph; expressions
asking for advice in the main part; set phrases for the closing paragraph.
_,? Would 1 What should I do?
;:ribe the 2 I hope I haven't troubled you too much .
.' family 3 Do you think it would be a good idea to ...?
_ mink of 4 I've got a problem and I'd like your advice .
. y? Is it 5 What do you think of the problem / situation?
6 I hope you can help me with the problem I have.
7 I need your advice because I don't know what to do.
g Sorry I haven't written for so long but I've been having problems with ...
9 Please write back soon.
=rsdonot 10 I'm writing to ask for your advice.
-:ieil have 11 What do you suggest?
:bat your 12 If you were me, what would you do?
think is
3 Your family has moved to a new town where your parents have found jobs. You have to help your
younger brother and sister with their studies because your parents are at work till late at night. It
takes much of your time and you have fallen behind with your own studies. You don't know how to
cope with the problem. Write a letter of 120-160 words to a friend or relative asking for advice on the
problem you have.

1 that is to say a) etc


2 as soon as possible b) ie
3 repondez, s'il vous plait (please reply) c) RSVP
4 please turn over (the page) d) PS
5 for example e) eg
6 et cetera (and so on) f) Cf
7 compare g) PTO
8 postscript (a note at the end of a letter) h) asap

5 Read the letter of apology written by Dave Moor to his new neighbour and underline the phrases
which show that the writer:

• has made an apology • has offered to make amends


• has accepted full responsibility • understands the gravity of the situation
• has explained the circumstances of the accident

50 Park Road
Greenwill

Dear Mr Wright,
I must immediately apologise for your garden fence, which I am afraid, was my fault. I am very
sorry if the news will affect your bright holiday mood.
On Monday I decided to cut down the old apple-tree. While I was working, one very large branch,
which appeared to have been dead, fell and crushed your fence.
I have cleared the debris, and will, of course, pay to have the fence rebuilt as soon as possible.
Please let me know when it would be convenient for me to discuss this with you.
With my apologies once again. The news must have been very unpleasant but I assure you that I
will do everything I can to make amends for the worry I have caused you.
Yours sincerely,
~aAt€' ~

Dave Moor
6 You lost the book, which you had borrowed from the British library. Write a letter of 120-160 words
pointing this out, apologise and offer to replace the book. Use the phrases given below if necessary.
Don't forget to repeat your apology in the closing paragraph of the letter .

• I do I must apologise for (doing) sth. • I would like to apologise (most sincerely) for
• Please accept my sincere apologies. any embarrassment caused I the damage I have
• I am ready to make amends for (doing) sth. caused.

accept I;}k'sept/ priimti expectation l,ekspek'teIJnl liikestis, viltis


accommodating 1;}'kom;},deltII)I paslaugus explosive /rks'pl;}uSIVI sprogstamasis
achieve I;}'tfi:vl pasiekti face IfeIsl stoveti pries, dr'lsiai pasitikti
act on one's own lrektl veikti savarankiskai failure I'ferlj;}1 nesekme
admire I;}d 'maI;}1 zavetis faithful /'feI8fl/ istikimas
admit I;}d' mrt/ pripazinti fall behind atsilikti
adore I;}' d:>:1dievinti fall for sb isimyleti
affair 1;}'fe;}1meiles rysiai, romanas fall out with susipykti
affectionate 1;}'fekJn;}tl meilus fancy I'frensil noreti, patikti, traukti
agree (with) 1;}'gri:1 sutarti fascinate I' fresmeltl zaveti, traukti
annoy I;}'n:>r!erzinti, pykinti fulfil Iful'frll ivykdyti
anxiously I'rel)kJ;}slil neramiai, susiriipinus get acquainted I;}'kwemtldl susipazinti
appeal to I;}'pi:ll patikti get on sutarti, sugyventi
appreciate 1;}'pri:Ji,eltl vertinti grumble I' gr Ambll niurneti
approve (of) I;}'pru:vl pritarti haste IheIstl skubejimas, skuba
argue l'a:gju:1 gincytis, teigti infuriate Im'fjU;}n,eltl isiutinti
ashamed 1;}'Jelmdl susiged«s involve Im'volvl itraukti
attract/;}'trrektl (pa)traukti, masinti laundry I'b:ndril skalbiniai
betray IbI'trer! isduoti let sb down nuvilti
break up I, brerk' Api issiskirti look up to sb gerbti
bring up I, bnl)' Api uzauginti, isaukleti loss 1I0si praradimas, netekimas
bully I'bulil santazuoti loyal I' hI;}11 istikimas
caring l'ke;}nl)l riipestingas make amends I;}'mendzl atlyginti nuostolius
cause Ib:zl biiti priezastimi, priversti make it up susitaikyti
coma I'bum;}1 koma milestone I'marl,st;}unl gaire, labai svarbus ivykis
comfort I'knmf;}tl paguoda nag Inregl grauzti, neduoti ramybes
competitive Ibm'pet;}tlvl linkis rungtyniauti, konkuruoti pass on to sb perduoti
complain (about) Ibm'plem/ slatstis patient (with) l'peIJntl kantrus
confide Ibn'faldl pa(si)tiketi peer IpI;}1 bendraamzis
confident I' konfld(;} )ntl (savimi) pasitikintis pile Iparll kriiva
console Ibn's;}ul/ (nu)raminti, (pa)guosti plaster l'pla:st;}1 (uz)tepti, uzlipdyti
constant I'konst;}nt/ nuolatinis, nekintamas pressure I'preJ;}1 itampa
cram Ikrrern/ intensyviai ruostis, mokytis prevalent I'prev;}l;}ntl paplitzs
cross with sb Ikrosl supyk«s priority IpraI'or;}til prioritetas, svarbiausias dalykas
deal with Idi:l/ nagrineti, biiti skirtam provoke Ipr;}'v;}uk! (su)pykdyti, (su)erzinti
debris I'debri:, 'delbri:1 nuolauzos; griuvesiai purposely I'p3:p;}slil tycia
delight IdI'lartl malonumas put up (with) pak«sti, toleruoti
demanding Idr'ma:ndII)I reikalaujantis daug pastangl{ reasoned I'ri:zndl motyvuotas, protingas
deprive IdI'prarvl atimti rehearse In'h3:s1 repetuoti, kartoti
desire IdI'ZaI;}1 naras, troskimas reluctant In'IAkt;}ntl nenorintis
devoted IdI'V;}Utldl atsidavzs rely (on) In'lar! pasitiketi
disagree l,dIS;}'gri:1 nesutarti respect/n'spektl gerbti
drive sb mad vesti is proto restriction In'stnkJnl apribojimas
drop Idropl atsisakyti, mesti rewarding /rr'w:>:dII)I teikiantis pasitenkinim I
dye IdaII dazyti (plaukus) row /raul skandalas, vaidas
embarrassment Irm' brer;}sm;}ntl sumisimas see eye to eye sutarti
enable 1m 'erbl/ igalinti, leisti seek Isi:kl ieskoti, siekti
encourage Im'kAnd31 padr'sinti, paskatinti self-reliant I,selfn'lar;}ntl nepriklausomas
establish /rs'treblrJI itvirtinti, ikurti, nustatyti selfish l'selfIJI savanaudis
words sensible I'sens~bl/ protingas treat Itri:tl elgtis (su kuo), laikyti
sary. set eyes on sb isvysti pirm~ kart~ trust /tr Astl pasitiketi
share IJe~1pa(si)dalinti unstable IAn'steIbll nestabilus
shortage !'J::>:tIcBIstygius untidy IAn'taIdil netvarkingas
for shrug off I,JrAg 'of! neimti i galv'l., nereaguati upset I Ap' setl susikrimtl(s, prislegtas
_ I have superficially Isu:p~'fIJ~lil pavirsutiniskai violent l'vaI~I~ntl umus
sympathy I'srrnp~eil uiuojauta vocation Iv~' keIJ n/ pasaukimas
tactless I'ta:ktbsl netaktiskas will Iwdl naras, valia
tend buti linkusiam worship I'W3:JIpl garbinti
totally I't~ut~lil visiskai

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


acquaintance I~'kwemt~nsl paiistamas get pregnant f'pregn;Jnt/ pastoti
adopt I~'dopt/ ivaikinti give birth to a child /b3:8/pagimd yti
adoption/~'dopJn/ ivaikinimas go out with sb draugauti (su), susitikineti(su)
anniversary I,a:m'v~:s~ril metines have influence on sb /'mflu:ms/ tureti itak'l kam nars
be delighted to do sth IdI'lartId/ daryti su malonumu hostile f'hostaIi/ priesiskas
be eager to do sth l'i:g~1 traksti k~nors daryti idolise f' aId;J,law idealizuoti
best man pajaunys introduce sb to sb /,mtr;J'dju:s/ supaiindinti, pristatyti
bride I' brardl nuotaka look down on sb iilireti is auksta
bridegroom I'braIdgru:m/ jaunikis mate /rneIt/ biciulis, draugas (classmate, flatmate, roommate)
bridesmaid I'braIdsmeId/ pamerge propose to sb /pr;J'p;JuzlpasipirSti
colleague /'koli:gl kolega relations /n'leISnzl rysiai; gimines
date IdeIt! pasimatymas relativef'rel;JtIV/ giminaitis(-e)
dependent (on) IdI'pend~nt/ priklausomas (nuo) resentful /n'zentfl/ pasipiktinl(s, isiieidl(s
despise ldI'sparz! niekinti set a good example paradyti ger'lpavyzdi
elders vyresnieji (tevai, suaugusieji) share one's experience pasidalinti patirtirni
ex-husband leks'hAzb~ndl buvl(s vyras split up with sb issiskirti, susipykti
ex-wife buvusi imona take care of sb rupintis kuo nors
fancy dress partY kamavalas take revenge on sb /n'vencBIatkersyti
fiance If!' onseI! suiadetinis treat sb with respect rodyti pagarb'l
fiancee IfI'onsi:1 suiadetine twins /twmzJdvynukai (-es)
funeral I'fju:nr~l/ laidatuves wedding vestuves
get along with sb sutarti widow /'wId;Ju/nasle
get engaged to sb 1m' geIcBd/ susiiadeti widower f'WId;JU;J/ naslys

friend: close, dear, good, great, intimate, real, special; faithful, loyal, true; lifelong, long-standing, old It was so relaxing to
be among oldfriends. female, male He was last seen leaving a restaurant with afemale friend. mutual We met each other
-hrough a mutualfriend. family, personal; childhood, school Do you keep in touch with any schoolfriends? become, remain,
stay friends We stayedfriends even after we grew up and left home. find, make Hefinds it difficult to make friends. win He
;mn't win any friends ifhe carries on behaving like that. a circle of friends; a friend of mine He introduced me to his circle
offriends.
friendly: exceptionally, extremely He was exceptionally friendly towards me. be on friendly terms (with sb) Wehave managed
w remain onfriendly terms. be friendly to sb Ifeell can ask her to help me because she's always been very friendly to me.
_;B friendly is an adjective, not an adverb, sodon't say 'they treated me friendly'. Say they treated me in a friendly way or they
were friendly to me.
friendship: deep, firm, great, warm; innocent, true Their affair has started out as an innocentfriendship. Truefriendship is
":orth more than money. eternal, lasting, lifelong, long His friendships never last long. develop, establish, form, make, start
up, strike up Betty struck up afriendship with a girl on her course. promote The aim of the culture festival is to promote
- 'endship between two countries. renew; destroy, spoil, wreck How can you let such a silly incident wreck your friendship?
etray He betrayed our friendship by revealing my secrets to his cousin.
relationship between people. groups. countries
'endly, happy, harmonious, healthy, strong; stormy, strained The relationships between the two countries are strained.
lose, intense, intimate, special; enduring, lasting, long-term, permanent, serious, stable, steady; brief, casual; family,
uman, interpersonal, one-to-one person; business, contractual, formal, marital, physical, professional, sexual, nodal, trade,
. orking Lithuania wants to have trade relationships with all countries.
aegin, build (up), develop, establish, foster They established the relationship of trust. improve, strengthen; continue; handle,
manage He's not very good at handling personal relationships. destroy Lack of trust destroys many relationships,
tongue knee nose ear leg sole
bottom toes arm neck eye back
lips hair mouth head shoulder tooth (pi. teeth)
elbow heel chest hand fingers foot (pi. feet)
waist thumb

1 Ann's cut her . 5 Sue's got a pain in her .


2 The man's broken his . 6 The boy's hurt his .
3 Steve's got (a) . 7 She her head on the cupboard door.
4 He's bruised his . 8 My aches.

1 The boy had no appetite. A His head hurt.


2 Steve was short-sighted. B He didn't want to eat anything.
3 The old man was a bit deaf. C He relaxed and avoided working too much.
4 Paul took things easy. D He bought something to help him hear better.
5 My father went on a diet. E He couldn't see things far away.
6 Allan had a headache. F He couldn't hear very clearly.
7 Eddy cut down on cigarettes. G He decided to eat and drink only certain things.
8 My grandfather got a hearing aid. H He smoked less.

1 The doctor asked his patient to down on the couch.


A lie B stand Clay
2 The doctor gives you a to take to the chemist's to obtain medicine.
A recipe B receipt C prescription
3 There were five waiting in the doctor's surgery.
A clients B customers C patients
4 Whenever there's a flu doctors are kept very busy.
A breakout B outbreak C outcome
5 Can you please an appointment for me to see the doctor?
A do B take C make
6 A walk in the forest will .
A better you B do you good C be well
7 You keep sneezing. You must have caught .
A a cold B a cough . C a headache
8 Each time I sneezed, everyone said, , you!'
A cough B thank C bless
9 Helen hasn't quite her illness yet.
A recovered B got over C suffered
10 That was a bad fall! Have you yourself?
A damaged B wounded C hurt
11 I had severe toothache and half my face was badly .
A swollen B rounded C injured
12 The doctor told me to the medicine three times a day.
A have B take C get
13 Her little son with flu during his holidays.
A go down B went down C went ill
14 Have you taken anything your headache?
A at B for C against
15 Many people a cold in winter.
A catch B catches C caught

examined get better sore fresh get tired chemist's getting thin( ner) take
advice nurse well pains prescription patient doctor a terrible cold

Yesterday I decided to visit my 1................••.....•• I've been having 2 ••.••.•.•••.••••.•...•.• in my chest. I've lost my
appetite and I think I'm 3.................................. I 4 easily, as well. Last week I caught
5....•...••.........••••. My throat felt 6 ............••...•.•.... and I could hardly speak. I hoped it would 7 •.••......•.••.••.......
, but in fact it got worse. The doctor 8 me and gave me a 9 'You can
d door. get this medicine at the 10...•........•........... ', he said. 'Don't worry. You'll soon be all right'. I asked the doctor to
::.zhes. give me some 11•••••••••.•.•.•.•........ 'When you feel better, 12 •.•••.••.....•..•••.••••• plenty of exercise, and you need
plenty of 13 air. You'll be 14 in no time'. I thanked the doctor as the
15•.•.•....•.•..•••••...•. showed me out before leading in the next 16....•...•..•.•..•......•••

se the words and collocations given below to complete the sentences. There are three extra
J h.
collocations you don't have to use. Write your own sentences with these collocations.
xtter.
kill the pain pull a muscle vegetarian diet blood circulation badly swollen
acupuncture alternative therapies feel stressed be operated on

The ball hit him right in the eye and his eyelid was .
_ Avoiding animal fat and choosing a reduces your risk of developing heart disease.
Eating garlic is said to help .
He has to his spine to cure his back problems.
- Some people who suffer from migraine say that is the only thing that helps
them.
6 It's said that traditional medicine and should go hand in hand.
1 There is a word missing in each line. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where the word is missing and write
the appropriate form of the word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as an
example.

depress Physical exercise is one of the best ways of keeping / away: It helps o .4.r:;p.':.t;.~~~~!!
.
able you to improve your body and mind and you to perform better 1 .
breathe in the work place and at home. Proper is essential if you want to get 2 .
consider the most from exercise and you should also take into your heart rate. 3 .
harm It can be to do too much, which is why all good fitness instructors 4 .
important emphasise the of 'listening to your body'. When you first start you 5 .
judge should use good, because it's easy to make the mistake of using the 6 .
correct equipment or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up 7 .
demand gradually. Exercise should not be seen as a task; it can be as easy as 8 .
steady a quick walk. To increase your fitness, exercise for 30 minutes a day, 9 .
different 5 to 6 times a week and you'll notice a in your body and mind in a few weeks. 10 .

2 Use the word given below to form a word that fits the gap.

The government should decide to take the unpopular 1•.•.•. 4f:<;,~~.ip.'!- to ban smoking in a lot of public places.
A study carried out in 1997 suggested that 25 % of secondary school students aged 15-16 are regular
2•.•.••.•.•.•.••..•.•.........• The number of boys who smoke has been falling recently, but not the number of girls. The
research into the factors which influence young people to smoke suggests that parental approval or
3 of the habit is a major factor.
Though a lot of people find smoking 4 ..•....•.•.•.•..•.•••...•••.•••.•.. and though experts all agree it is 5 ••.........•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.
6
and that it costs the state a lot to treat victims of .................••......•.•.•..• , it is also undeniable that many people
get 7 •••••.•••..•.•..•••.•.••••.••••.•• from the habit and find smoking 8 ••.•.•.•••••.•••••.••••.•••• when they are in company.
However, it is now 9 to deny the anti-social nature of the habit. As advertising has proved
ineffective with many smokers, the government should make smoking 10•.......••........•.........•..•......•. in most
public places.
Smokers who are 11 to stop smoking would be obliged to enjoy their pastime in private
and might feel that such 12 •.•.•.•...•.••.•.••...•.•.•.•....••.. are unjust, but for passive smokers for whom a room full of
smoke is 13••..•.••••••....••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..•..•.• they would come as a 14•.•..••.•.•••••••.•.•.•......•••....... of fresh air. It has
been suggested that any form of 15 •.....•.•.••.•....•.•.•.......••..•.. relating to cigarettes should also be banned.

1 DECIDE 5 HEALTH 9 POSSIBLE 13 BEAR


2 SMOKE 6 SMOKE 10 LEGAL 14 BREATHE
3 APPROVE 7 PLEASE lIABIE 15 ADVERTISE
4 PLEASE 8 RESIST 12 MEASURE
3 Complete the second sentence so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the first, using the
word given. Do not change the word.

o My elder sister has had a baby boy and is feeling fine.


birth
My elder sister has ~.~~.~'!:.~!:.~~.~?.~.~c::~"!..~?y.
and is feeling fine.
1 His mother often has terrible headaches.
suffers
His mother terrible headaches.
2 Your parents took care of you while you were ill.
looked
Your parents while you were ill.
3 This medicine isn't having any effect now.
wearing off
The effect of this medicine .
4 Little Sally had to have a tooth extracted last week.
out
Little Sally had her last week .
. d write S After fainting the little boy regained consciousness after a few minutes.
ou as an round
Having fainted, the little boy after a few minutes.
6 Has your brother recovered from his illness yet?
over
Has your brother his illness yet?
7 Jane has gained a lot of weight since I last saw her.
put
Jane has since I last saw her.
8 The secretary caught flu and had to have time off work.
went
The secretary and had to have time off work.
9 Since his heart attack, my grandfather has not been well at all.
poor
Ever since his heart attack, my grandfather has suffered health .

. places.
_ regular
READING and SPEAKING
-~. Is. The
__oval or 1 Read the article carefully. Ten sentences are missing from this article. Study the sentences A-K and choose
the one that fits each gap 1-10. There is one sentence you do not need •

• r people

:: mpany. Although stress can sometimes be a good thing because then their problems seem bigger and they can no longer
-.- proved it gives you the motivation to do your best, it can have a put them into perspective.
_ in most harmful effect on you mentally and physically if it is for
too long. It can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, mood
16 IIf you think negatively, stress can take over.
But if you keep reminding yourself that you can cope and
private swings, depression and illness. These are the 10 ways to
that you know what you are doing, stress often goes away.
full of combat excess stress.
31

.' . It has 11 E I By doing this you will feel in control and


17 IYou can't change them so why worry? Work
on the things you can do something about.
ed. decide what things are more urgent and important.
Feeling prepared can get rid of a lot of stress. Much 18 I Two cliches that people often quote are
stress is caused by doing things when there isn't enough 'variety is the spice of life' and 'a change is as good as
~gE time to do them, eg revising everything you have learned a rest' , the good news is that they are both true. Realising
SE the night before a test. that the world holds a lot more possibilities than the
2 I Instead of worrying about doing something
things you generally focus on can make you forget your
problems.
or avoiding it because you are scared of doing it (in case
you fail) - just do it! The sooner you take action, the 19 I Telling people about your problems can
more time you will have if anything goes wrong. often help. This way you will feel less isolated. You
should also tell people such as teachers or boyfriends /
____ I Keeping your body healthy reduces stress. girlfriends or parents how stressed you feel about certain
Cut down on too much caffeine and sweet things. Make
things. Once they realise how you feel they might be
·ure you get enough sleep and vitamin C.
able to help, eg providing to parents that you are adult and
____ I Deep breathing works because getting mature than shouting it at them during an argument often
ore oxygen into your body relaxes you. You can either helps.
'e up yoga or simply try breathing in deeply through
.:our nose then exhaling through your mouth and then
110 I Find somewhere where you have space to
think, rest and generally chill out. You should also use
~peat it ten times. this space to write down some possible solutions to the
____ I Doing something you really enjoy means things that are stressing you. Then write down possible
.'ou get a chance to take a break and 'recharge your ways you can do those things. Attacking the problem is
_ teries' . People who do not do this feel depressed and better than waiting for it to just go away.
~
A Stop worrying about things you can't change. G Stay positive.
B Don't procrastinate. H Look after yourself.
C Remember to have fun. I Try new things and find out about new things.
D Communicate. J Take charge and be pro-active.
E Organise and prioritise. K Breathe.
F Twice a year have a full medical examination.

2 Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). Read aloud the part of the text that you think gives
you the answer.

1 Stress is not always harmful, it can also be useful.


2 Planning and deciding which things are more important to you can reduce stress a lot.
3 Don't do anything if you are not sure that you will succeed.
4 Physical exercises and healthy food cannot help to get rid of stress.
5 Don't try to change things that cannot be changed by you.
6 You should always avoid changes and unknown things.
7 Speak about the things that worry you and try to solve the problem as soon as possible.

breathing in sleeplessness perspective exhaling chill out


depression take over procrastinate anxiety prioritise

1 action of sending air out of the lungs 6 delay or postpone doing something
2 state of being sad and without enthusiasm or hope 7 take control, dominate
3 a worry or fear about something 8 action of taking air into the lungs
4 inability to sleep 9 relax, calm down
5 a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important, 10 give something priority
etc something is in comparison with other things ~

3b) Complete these sentences using some of the words and expressions above making any Cha~ge~re
necessary.

1 The man committed suicide during a fit of .


2 George as managing director when Philip retires.
3 Try to a little before discussing these problems with them again.
4 Her father's health has recently been a great to her.
5 He until it was too late to do anything at all.
6 Pain, noise, hunger, excessive tiredness, stress and worry usually cause .

4a) This is how the dictionary defines health, but everyone probably has their own definition of what it
actually means to be healthy.

health / heW / n [U] the state of being well and free from illness in body or mind; the condition of a
person's body or mind

Look at the chart below and tick the five statements which correspond most closely with your own
definition of the word.

Being healthy is
• having all your body parts in perfect working order
• eating right
• hardly ever going to the doctor
• getting lots of fresh air
• not being overweight or underweight
• living to one hundred years
• exercising to the point of perspiration several times a week
• never suffering from anything more than a slight cold or headache
• never smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs
• hardly ever getting stressed or depressed
• hardly ever taking any pills or medicines
• having a 'good to be alive' feeling when you wake up
• knowing how to relax
• something else?

5 Work in pairs. Read the dialogue and study the sentences in the box below. Make similar dialogues
using the given sentences and phrases from the additional word bank.

A: Hello! What's the matter with you?


B: I've got a headache and feel awful.
A: Oh, I'm sorry. Why don't you take an aspirin?

I've got stomach ache / earache / toothache / a blister.


I've got a bad cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature.
I've got a pain in my back / shoulder / foot.
I feel awful/sick / ill.
Why don't you take an aspirin /lie down / go home / see a doctor?

00) Work in pairs. Imagine that you are feeling rotten: you are weak, shivery, with an aching head, back
and limbs. Your temperature is up over 38°C. You are sweating a lot, you have lost your appetite and
feel sick. You've got flu.

• to stay indoors and keep warm


• to keep away from other people as much as possible, in order not to pass the infection
• to have plenty of cool drinks - water, fruit drinks, milky drinks
• to take aspirin every four hours during the day and get in touch with the doctor
• to rest in bed and have light meals

) When you've finished, change the roles. Imagine that the friend is suffering from insomnia. What
advice would you give?

-a) Work in pairs. Make a conversation between Jane Smith and her doctor from these mixed-up
sentences. Act out their dialogue.

Doctor Jane
1 When did this pain start? a) Ow, it certainly does.
2 Now, Mrs Smith. What seems to be the matter? b) Yes, four or five times.
3 Well, I'm afraid you've got appendicitis. c) I first felt it last night, but it was
We must get you into hospital at once and have worse this morning.
that appendix removed. d) I've got this pain in my side, doctor.
4 Let me have a look ... Does it hurt when I press here?
5 Have you been sick at all?

Jane phones home and tells her husband about her visit to the doctor. She reports what the doctor
asked, what she replied and what the doctor diagnosed. Prepare and role-play their conversation.
• the main rules for a healthy way of life • how often you have your check-up
• the diseases you had when you were a child • the best ways of loosing one's weight
• how often one should have their check-up and • the ways of reducing stress and coping with i
why it is important to have it • when and why you consulted your doctor las

• You are in England. You are taking Steve, your friend's 5-year-old son, to the doctor's. Here is a list of the
symptoms he's suffering from. What would you tell the doctor? (Skauda ir svaigsta galva, karsCiuoja.
neteko apetito, skauda pilvq ir pykina.)
• You are on holiday in Greece and you have some problems with your health. You go to the chemist's to g
some medicine. What do you say? (Ant kojos pirsto issoko pilsle, tode! reikia tepalo ir pleistro. Skaud
nugarq, be to dar pradejau koseti. NoreCiau vaistl{ nuo skausmo ir mikstilros nuo kosulio.)

WRITING

Guidelines for writing a for-and-against composition


It is usually written in a formal style. While writing it discuss both sides of the argument to give a balanced
VIew.
INTRODUCTION Paragraph 1: present the topic, but do not give your opinion
MAIN BODY Paragraph 2: give the argumentsfor the topic together with justifications and examples
Paragraph 3: give the arguments against the topic with justifications and examples
Final paragraph: write a balanced personal opinion, or summarise the main
arguments for and against

NB Use appropriate linkers to connect similar ideas and introduce opposing ideas. Start each paragraph
with an appropriate topic sentence.

1a) Read the rubric given in the box. Underline the key words (eg write a composition, arguments for
and against etc) and answer the questions that follow. Think at least of two positive and two negative
aspects of including more sport in the curriculum.

Your class has been discussing the importance of sports in schools. Your teacher has asked you to
write a composition giving your arguments for and against the following topic: There should be more
sport included in the school curriculum. Write your composition of200-250 words.
• What are you going to write?
• Who is going to read your piece of writing?
• Should you use informal language? Why (not)?

1b) Now read the sample composition on this topic, underline the correct linkers and list the points for and
against the topic. Are they similar to yours? What justifications / examples does the author give to
support each point?
More sport at school?
There is no doubt that sport helps to get rid of overwork and stress which affect us both physically and
mentally. It is only logical then, that more physical training classes should be included in the school curriculum.
But will they really be beneficial?
Moreover / To begin with, sport promotes co-operation and team spirit, which should be encouraged
at every school as the ability to work in a team will be advantageous for young people in their future
career. All in all / Moreover, more hours devoted to sport can only be of great value to students because
exercising helps relieve the stress and frustration which build up after many hours in the classroom. As
a result / Since, young people are less likely to suffer from stress-related health problems such as heart
attack and cancer. Due to the fact that / On the contrary students have to cope with an expanding
..::> with it
workload, very little time is left for them to exercise. For this reason / For example, inclusion of more
tor last
sport in the school curriculum can be an answer to this problem.
On the other hand / Furthermore, there are people who claim that the school curriculum already includes
enough sport, and extra classes will add to students' hectic schedule causing more stress and tension.
What is more / However, they argue that sport in school is a waste of valuable learning time, as examinations
· t of the
require students' deep knowledge of different subjects but not physical fitness. Although / In addition to
sCiuoja,
this, exercising can be quite painful. You may pull a muscle or injure yourself if you are not fit enough.
Last but not least / In conclusion, despite certain objections that some may have, it is obvious that the
--'s to get
advantages of exercising outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore / Also more sport should be included in
· Skauda
the school curriculum.
·)

2a) Read the rubric below, underline the key words and plan your composition by writing down reasons for
and against.

Your local newspaper is asking readers to give their opinion on the following topic: Should smoking
be banned in public places?

2b) Write your composition of 200-250 words using the notes you have made. You can make use of the
plan below and the suggestions given in the key.

Paragraph 1 Introduction to the subject


Paragraph 2 The harmful effects of smoking on our health
Paragraph 3 Violation of personal freedom
pIes
Paragraph 4 Conclusion and opinion / recommendation
pIes

Your pen friend from abroad is coming to visit you. You had planned to meet her / him at the airport.
However, you are in bed with pneumonia. Write a letter of 120-180 words to your pen friend,
apologising for not being able to meet her / him and explain why.

ents for You see was running a high temperature think caught a cold was pneumonia
negative have some bad news apologise for to be on the safe side take the medicines feel better

PauksCi1{ takas 7
~ LT-2001 Vilnius

:=J Dear Sally,


How are you? I'm afraid 11 •...•......•........•......•
May 19, 2003

I won't be able to meet you at the airport as we had


planned. I'm really sorry. 2•••.....•••..........•.•...• , I went on a hiking trip with my friends last weekend. We

slept in tents and the night was rather cold. Besides, it was raining all the time. 13 .

and fell ill. The doctor examined me carefully and told it 4.....••....•.....••••...•••. I have to stay in bed now
for and and 5 he prescribed. 16 ...•.....•.•••...•.......•.. and had a bad cough. This is what happened.
r give to I 7•...••.••••.••.•••••• now but, as my doctor says, I have to stay in bed for a few more days 8 .••••••.•••••••••••••
Anyway, since my house is not so far from the airport, 19 ..•.•••••.••••..••••.••••..• it won't be very
inconvenient for you to take a taxi to my place.
cally and Once again I 10 •....................•••.••.. the trouble. I can't wait to finally meet you.
iculum.
Bye for now,
Marius
couraged
ir future
Your aunt is coming to visit you. You had promised to meet her at the train station. However, due to
the accident you have had, you are in bed with a broken leg. Write a letter to your aunt apologising
for not being able to meet her and explain why.

Apologise Explain Situation


I'm afraid that I won't be able to . You see .
I'm sorry but I can't . Let me explain .
I don't know how to explain but . Let me start from the beginning .
I apologize for . But that's not all .
I'm really sorry . Everything started when .
I'm sorry to say . This is what happened .

WORD-BANK
ache lerkJ skaudeti; skausmas flu lfIu:1 gripas
acupuncture I'rekju opAI]ktf~1akupunktfua, adatl! terapija garlic I'ga:lrkJ cesnakas
adult I'redAlt, ~'dAlt/ suaug((s, pilnametis get over l,get'~uv~1 atsigauti, pasitaisyti
alternative 1:):I't3:n~trvl alternatyva, pasirinkimas go down (with) I,g~u'daun! susirgti
ankle I'reI]kV kulksnis harmful l'ha:mfV zalingas, kenksmingas
antioxidant I,renti'oksrd~nt! antioksidantas health Ihe181 sveikata
anxiety lreI]°zar~til susiriipinimas, nerimas hearing aid I'hr~nI] ,erdl klausos aparatas
appointment I~'pomtm~nt! paskyrimas, susitarimas susitikti heel /hi:V kulnas
approve I~'pru:vl pritarti hurt /h3:t! skaudeti, uzgauti
avoid I~'v:)rd/ isvengti; salintis illness I'rln~sl liga
ban Ibren! uidrausti increase 1m kri :sl (pa)didinti, (pa )dideti
0

bear Ibe~1 pakelti, islaikyti, pak((sti influence I'mflu~nsl daryti itaklt, veikti
blister I'blrst~1 piisle isolate I'ars~,lert! atskirti, izoliuoti
blood IbIAd/ kraujas knee Ini:1 kelis
breath Ibre81 kvepavimas lay (laid) Ilerl (pa)guldyti
breathe Ibri:ol kvepuoti wear off nykti; (su)silpneti, praeiti
bruise Ibru:z/ melyne; su(si)musti, uzsigauti lie (lay, lain) !larl guleti, atsigulti
cause Ib:z/ biiti prieZastimi lungs !lAI]z/ plauciai
cell IseV l'lstele mature Im~'tfu~1 subrend((s
charge Itfa:c5f atsakomybe, pareiga medicine(s) I'medsn! vaistai
check-up I'tfekApl sveikatos patikrinimas metabolism Im~'treb~,lIZm/ medziagl! apykaita
chemist's I'kemrstsl vaistine migraine I'mi:grem, 'margrern! migrena
chest itfestl kriitine; kriitines l'lsta mood Imu:d/ nuotaika
cliche I'kli:Seri banali fraze; sablonas neck InekJ kaklas, sprandas
combat I'kom, bret! priesintis, kovoti oblige 1~'blard.31priversti
consciousness I'konS~sn~sl s'lmone; s~moningumas obtain I~'btern! isigyti, gauti
cope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyti ointment I':)mtm~nt! tepalas
couch Ikautfl sofa, kusete outbreak I'aut, brerkJ protriikis
cough Ikofl kosulys; koseti overweight 1,~uv~'weIt! sveriantis virs normos
deaf Idefl kurCias oxygen l'oksrd.3~n! deguonis
demand Idr'ma:nd/ reikalauti pastime I'pa:s, tarm! laisvalaikio uisiemimas
disease Idr'zi:z/ liga patient l'perSnt! pacientas
ear /r~1 ausis perspiration I,P3:sp~'rerSn! prakaitavimas
elbow I'elb~ul alkiine pill IpIV piliule
equipment /r'kwrpm~nt! iranga, irenginiai prescription Ipn'sknpS~n! receptas (gydytojo)
excess I'eks~sl papildomas,virsijantis norm~ prioritise IpraI' on, tam teikti pirmum~
exhale leks'herV iskvepti priority IpraI' ordtil pirmumo teise
eye larl akis procrastinate Ipr~u'krrestI,neIt! atiddioti, vilkinti
eyelid I'arlrdl vokas (akies) proper I'prop~1 tinkamas
faint Ifemt! nualpti put into perspective Ip~'spektrvl objektyviai vertinti
finger I'frI]g~1 pirstas (rankos) quote Ikw~ut! cituoti
fitness I'frtn~sl gera tizine biikle rate IreIt! tempas, sparta
receipt Irr'si:t! kvitas surgery f's3:Cl;)griigydytojo kabinetas
recipe f'resgpil receptas (kulinarinis) swing ISWlfjlsvyravimas
r, due to recover (from) In'kAVgl pasveikti, atsigauti swollen I'swgulgn/ sutinzs
logising reduce In'dju:sl sumazinti therapy I' eergpil terapija, gydymas
resist In'zIst! atsispirti, priesintis thumb leArn! nykstys
retire In'taIgl iseiti i pensij'l tip Itlpl patarimas; informacija
revise In'valzi kartoti (mediiag/) toe Itgul kojos pirstas
evere ISI'VIgl astrus, stiprus tongue ItAfjl lieiuvis
short-sighted !'J;,:t,saltld! trumparegis treat Itri:t! gydyti
sneeze Isni:z1 Ciaudeti underweight I,Andg'Welt! sveriantis per mazai
solution Isg'lu:Jn/ sprendimas urgent 1'3:d.3nt! skubus
spicy f'spaIsii su prieskoniais, astrus vegetarian l,vecBg'tegrigni vegetaras
steady f'stedil tvirtas,pastovus victim f'vlktrml auka
suffer (from) I'SAfdl buti kamuojamam, kenteti wound lwu:nd! zaizda
5Uicide l'su:I,saldl savizudybe yoga f'jguggl joga

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


es of diseases
ppendicitis Ig,pendr'saltIsl apendicitas; bronchitis Ibrofj 'kartrsl bronchitas; cancer I'kcensgl vezys; chicken-pox
. IkIll,poksl vejaraupiai; constipation Ikonstr'perJnl viduriq uzkietejimas; diabetes I,darg'bi:ti:zl diabetas;
. rrhoea I,darg'ri:gl viduriavimas; food poisoning I'fu:d ,p;'IZllIfjl apsinuodijimas maistu; hay fever f'her ,fi:vgl sienlige;
atitis I,hepg'taltrsl hepatitas, gelta; indigestion l,rndI'd.3esifn/ virskinimo sutrikimas; inOuenza (Ou) I,rnflu 'enzgl grip as;
- rnnia Irn'somnigl nemiga; leukaemia Ilu:'ki:migl leukemija; measles f'rni:zlzl tyrnai; mumps ImAffipsl kiaulyte;
uIDonia Inju:'mguniaJ plauciq uzdegimas; scarlet fever f'ska:lgt ,fi:vgl skarlatina; stroke Istrgukl insultas; tonsillitis
~ srlaltrsl angina; tuberculosis Itju:, b3:kj u'lgusrsl tuberkulioze; whooping cough f'hU:Plfj ,kofl kokliusas

The names of illnesses are usually uncountable in English, including those ending in -soIf you 've already had measles,
you can't get it again. There s a lot offlu around at the moment. The words for some minor ailments are countable: e.g.
cold, a sore throat, a headache. However, toothache, earache, stomach ache and backache are more often
ountable in British English. In American English, these words are generally countable if they refer to particular
::::-.acksof pain. Compare: Love isn't as bad as toothache. (GB) Love isn't as bad as a toothache. (US)
Aichael Swan Practical English Usage

ist's I drug-store (Am E) vaistine


e a chemist s in the hotel? J must drop at the chemist s to have my prescription made up.
: this prescription made up. Man rei/da vaistl-b pagamintl{ pagal si receptq.
-_give me something for a headache. Prasom kq nors nuo galvos skausmo .
.1 ablespoonful three times a day. Gerkite po valgomqji saukStq tris kartus per dienq .
. 'ne(s) I remedy vaistas; take medicine(s) gerti vaistus
[. cough mixture, painkillers, antiseptic, antibiotics I,centibar'otrks/, throat sweets, paracetamol
~ -i:tgmoI/, sleeping-pills; (sticking)-plaster pleistras; cotton wool vata
d The medicine did not do me any good. Vaistai man nepadejo.

entist's
otb uzplombuoti danti; pull out a tooth istraukti danti; filling plomba J had to have two fillings at the dentist s

f arts ofthe bod


- e kulksnis; back nugara; chest krutines l'lsta; collar bone raktikaulis; foot (feet); hair; hand; head; heart;
s galUnes; lungs plauciai; neck kaklas; stomach skrandis, pilvas; tooth (teeth); shoulder petys; sole padas;
__ ~as

re useful phrases for talking about health


.11;" lil. You don't look too good. Whats the matter? Whats the trouble? Is anything the matter?
.1 Dad cough / a sore throat / a headache / stomach ache / a pain in my back / toothache / earache / a filling.

~'oh temperature. I'm having a heart attack. Man sirdies priepuolis.


_ appetite. I've caught a terrible cold. As persalau. J sneeze and have a runny nose. I've got some serious medical/
-'-ems. I feel very dizzy. Man labai svaigsta galva.
: _·ou take an aspirin / some antibiotics / go to bed / see a doctor / send for a doctor / lie down for a bit / have
.':-rayed? Have you taken anything for your headache? Ar gerei kq nors nuo galvos skausmo?
1 You have to try your best to your final exams.
2 The teacher observed that my work was the same as Mary's, and she asked if! had it.
3 To means to stay away from school without permission.
4 The teacher saw Andrew trying to in the test.
5 Mathew was very upset when he his exams.
6 We are going to the examinations for the School Leaving Certificate in May.
7 The course is so popular that everyone is trying to on it.
8 None of the teachers could control Mark. Finally, the head teacher was forced to him from school.
9 Susan liked learning poems by heart and them in front of the class.
10 Try to the most important rules.
11 In a mixed class, boys generally worse than girls.
12 The teacher told us to the forms of irregular verbs for the test.

1 Someone in charge of a school.


2 Someone who teaches at a college or university.
3 Someone in the same class as you.
4 Someone responsible for teaching a small group of students.
5 Someone with the highest academic position in a university.
6 Someone who has successfully completed his / her first degree.
7 Someone who trains a sports team.
8 Someone who studies at primary or secondary school.

3 Complete the sentences. Compare your ideas with the ones of your partner's.

1 The nicest thing about English is .


2 The most difficult thing about English is .
3 Listening to English .
4 English grammar is .
5 When I'm speaking English I (don't) worry about .
6 When I can't think of a word in English .
7 The best way to learn English is .
8 I'll stop learning English .
9 My favourite English words are .
EDUCATION. LANGUAGES UNIT8

4 Fill in the table for English and non-English speaking countries.

Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaks Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaks
from ... (adjective, noun) from ... (adjective, noun)

o the USA Arrerican English 11 .......... Greek

1 .......... English 12 .......... Italian

2 Canada 13 Japan
ry.
3 .......... Lithuanian 14 .......... Spanish

~ 4 Britain 15 Denmark

5 .......... Russian 16 .......... Polish


_... it.
6 .......... Portuguese 17 Finland

7 .......... Swiss 18 .......... Norwegian

8 France 19 .......... Dutch

001. 9 .......... Swedish 20 China

10 Germany 21 .......... Turkish, a Turk

USE of ENGLISH
Write the questions that were put by a university teacher to the answers given by a student.

Example: TEACHER: How many exams are you going to take? - STUDENT: Three.
1 T: ? S: I'll be sitting A-levels in maths, physics and chemistry.
2 T: ? S: Oh, I'm most interested in physics.
3 T: ? S: I'd like to specialise in electronics, I think.
4 T: ? S: I don't know but I'm certain that I don't want to teach.
5 T: ? S: This university has a better reputation for teaching physics
than the colleges near my home.
6 T: ? S: I suppose I'll go home once or twice a term.
7 T: ? S: I swim and enjoy disco dancing - when I have some spare
time, that is.
8 T: ? S: Yes, I do. I read up a lot on the subject.
9 T: ? S: In my first year I would like to live in the hostel and, perhaps,
move into a flat in my second year.
10 T: ? S: Yes. I have applied for two Scottish universities.
11 T: ? S: This is my first choice.

: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
L:se between two and five words, including the word given.

I looked through my work once again in case I had missed anything.


to check
I looked through my work once again hadn't missed anything.
_ We have to start revising earlier so we could do more work.
order
We have to start revising earlier do more work.
3 I'd better write an essay now because there might not be time later.
case
I'd better write an essay now time later.
4 She worked extremely hard so as to get good marks.
wanted
She worked extremely hard to get good marks.
5 They mark our written papers in the Marking Centre.
marked
We in the Marking Centre.
6 Read the instructions first in order to save time later.
as
Read the instructions first waste time later.
7 During the Speaking exam, the examiner fills in your assessment sheet.
have
You in by the examiner during the Speaking exam.
8 The boy invented an illness in order to avoid having to go to school.
so
The boy invented an illness to go to school.

How to Learn Efficiently


There is usually one important 1 missing from most schools 2 Very few
students are 3 how to organise their learning, and how to 4 the best of their
time. Let's take some simple 5 Do you know how to 6 up words in a dictionary,
and do you understand all the 7 ••••••••••••••••.•••••••. the dictionary contains? Can you 8 •••••••.•.••••.••.••.•••• notes
quickly, and can you understand them 9 ......•....•.....•..•...• ? For some reason, many schools give learners no
10..............•....•....• with these matters. Teachers ask students to n pages from books, or tell
them to write six pages, but don't explain how to do it. Learning by 12 ..•....•....•....•......• can be useful, but it is
more important to have a genuine 13 ....•........•......•.... of a subject. You can 14 ........•................ a lot of time
memorising books, without understanding anything about the subject!

1 A theme B curriculum C subject 8 A make B do C produce


2 A agendas B timetables C terms 9 A after B afterwards C at last
3 A taught B educated C learnt 10 A help B instruction C learning
4 A do B make C get 11 A remind B cross C memorise
5 A examples B rules C prospects 12 A heart Bear C yourself
6 A find B look C get 13 A information B understanding C success
7 A information B advice C message 14 A use B pass C waste
4 Re,ad the sentences about the things every language learner should know. Change the form of the
word given in capitals to fill the gaps.

1 You can learn to a language. SPEECH


2 A language can be learnt, but it cannot be . TEACH
3 Positive attitudes are very . IMPORTANCE
4 to learn the language is not the enthusiasm, but the will and MOTIVATE
determination to accomplish the task.
5 language learners learn a little every day. SUCCESS
6 Speaking skills in a foreign language are learned by constant and use. PRACTISE
7 Language are successful because they use the language LEARN
every day and everywhere they can, and at every opportunity.
8 Mistakes are part of learning. They should be viewed as positive steps in the
right We learn from our mistakes. DIRECT
9 Good language learners take full for their own learning of a language. RESPONSIBLE
10 has the beginning but no end. LEARN
5 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has a word which should not
be there, underline the word and write it next to the number of the line.

Examination Tips
• Go to the bed early so as not to be tired in the morning. 1 .
• Eat a breakfast or lunch before the exam in order not to feel hungry later. 2 .
• Check the time and place of the exam so as not to arrive to late. 3 .
• Read the instructions carefully to find out what you have to do. 4 .
• Begin by reading the exam paper so carefully. 5 .
• Answer the easiest questions at first so as not to waste time and marks. 6 .
• There is no point in spending too long on one question. 7 .
• Plan draft answers before you write paying attention on to your final answers. 8 .
• Avoid careless mistakes leaving some time to check all your answers. 9 .
• Reread your answers in order that to make corrections. 10 .

READING and SPEAKING

1 Who founded Eton College and when was it founded?


ew
_ Is it easy to enter this school? Why?
- elr
How do Etonians behave with each other in later life?
Why does David Wolfendon, a former student, appreciate his parents?

ElOn would probably be the world's most famous school A day in the life of an Etonian
~'en if Prince William hadn't spent the happiest days of David Wolfendon, a former student, recalls a typical day:
, life there. An incredible19 British Prime Ministers have 'At 7:30 am a loud and obnoxious* bell would go off for
ended Eton as well as various minor Royals, poets and about one minute making sure that no one could think of
~elebrity swindlers*. But no girls. not waking up. Even if you tried to go back to sleep, another
bell would go off ten minutes later.
blic schools
Where one ate breakfast depended on which 'house' you
_ hough they are called 'public schools', with annual fees
were in. I had the misfortune of being a seven-minute walk
to £14k*, these institutions are really for very rich people.
from my dining hall. For half the boys this dining hall was
~-e name comes from when the children of important families
where they would eat all their meals. The other half would
ed to attend schools with ordinary people, rather than
eat in their 'houses'. I don't think that the quality of the
- . g educated at home.
-=. n was founded in 1284 by Henry VI and is divided into food differed greatly from one dining hall to another.
=- boarding houses. The boarding houses compete at sports
Breakfast was pretty good and was served from 7:30-8:05.
At 8:40 all the boys would go to either chapel or a morning
education, but the fiercest competition is with Harrow,
. er famous old school. It prides itself on taking the assembly*. This would last for about 20 minutes before the
:' . not many get through the entrance procedure. day of lessons started. Classes would go on till 11:20, at
which point there would be a break of 25 minutes. This
tige would give both students and teachers a chance to have a
prestige of attending such a well-known school is break and to meet if there was a problem .
• s more important than the excellent facilities and small If it was a Thursday, a Tuesday or a Saturday, then lessons
you can expect at Eton. The 'old boys' network' of would be finished at lunch time and sport or free time would
.:ollege means Old Etonians can expect the lifelong take over. This would also allow us to take off our school
_ rt from fellow Etonians. They try and help each other uniform which had to be worn in every lesson and school
they come into contact in later life. Traditionally the event.
_ b in Britain and her Empire were reserved for ex- However, on the other days of the week, except Sunday,
;: s hoolboys, and it is still true that an Eton education classes could last until six. The evenings, on weekdays, would
. n doors years after you have left the school and consist of the same things nearly every night: dinner at 7:30
~ 'en get you out of trouble! pm, a meeting with everyone in the house, called 'prayers',
and then most people would go off and do their homework.
Weekends could be very boring and consist of nothing hand, I can't say how much I appreciate my parents for t ~
other than TV and work - but not all of them. In my first work, effort and sacrifice* they put in to get me throu~
couple of years I would go home quite a lot, but in my sixth those five years.
form days, I would go to London or Brighton.' It was strange to see so many famous people at Eton. Ion
saw Gianfranco Zolajuggling with a football. Another time
His opinion of Eton
I was in my house when I ran into Jerry Hall and Mic
'I have mixed views on Eton. I would not send my children
Jagger. And, of course, there were the regular sightings 0;
there or to any other private school because I think that
the two Princes and the armed bodyguards.'
there is probably a greater sense of achievement if you come
through the state system with good grades. On the other

GLOSSARY
swindler: criminal; k (infml): one thousand; obnoxious: horrible; assembly: a meeting of all students whicb
usually takes place in the morning; sacrifice: if you make a sacrifice, you give up something that is important to
you for the benefit of another' person

2 Read the article Life at Eton College once more and decide which of the statements are true and which
ones are false. In the text highlight the sentences proving your answers.

1 Prince William spent his unhappiest days there.


2 Eton is a public school so it is accessible to everyone.
3 The name 'public' originally means a mixed school for rich and ordinary people.
4 Harrow is the name of one of the boarding schools at Eton.
S Parents choose Eton for their children because it has got small classes and excellent facilities.
6 An Eton education opens doors to the best jobs in Britain.
7 The first bell in the morning means that you can sleep until the second one goes off.
8 The boys eat half of their meals in the dining hall and the other half is eaten in the boarding houses.
9 School uniform has to be worn not only in every lesson and school event but in sport and free time activities
as well.
10 David Wolfendon thinks that finishing a state school with good marks can be even more challenging than
finishing a private one.

3 Read the text My School. The sentences A-D have been removed from it. Decide where they should
be in the text.

A It is surrounded by beautiful lawns and playgrounds


B The atmosphere in the school is friendly and democratic.
C I have been going to this school for twelve years now.
D We have special classrooms for most of the subjects taught at school.
My School
I attend Secondary School No 3./ 1 I lour school was built in 1978. It is a white, three-storeyed building.
There are about a thousand pupils and a hundred teachers in it. Our school is situated in a nice and quiet place.
I 2 I I Behind the school there is a large sports field. There is a wood behind the school. We like going for
walks there, especially in spring. In front of the school you can see a lot of young trees planted by our school-
leavers. As my school is quite large, it is very noisy inside during breaks, so pupils enjoy being outside.
We study Lithuanian and Modem Foreign Languages, History, Geography, Mathematics, Chemistry, Music
and other subjects. There are lessons of Home Economics for the girls and Manual Training for the boys.
13 I I We have also got woodwork and metalwork shops, a home economics room, a gymnasium, a school
hall, a library and a canteen.
There are plenty of extra-curricular activities in our school, sport being the most popular one. The aim of
these activities is to promote creative and physical abilities of every individual. The Folk Singers' Club and
Dancers' Club enjoy great popularity with our pupils, too.
f 4 ( ( [think ['II remember my classmates, my teachers and the years spent at schoof for a fang time. I
realise that I will have more frustrations and difficulties later in comparison with the problems I have at school.
4 Read the texts Education in Lithuania and The British Education System and fill in the table comparing the
education systems of Lithuania and Britain.

0= on. lance EDUCATION IN LITHUANIA


o' other time The CUlTentsystem of secondary education is comprised of primary school (l sl to 41h forms), basic school
. and Mick (5 to lOth forms), general education secondary school (l st to 12th forms) and 4 years of gymnasium corresponding
1h

-ightings of to the 9th to 12th forms of secondary school. There are also special education institutions for children with
special needs, youth schools which provide basic education and adult education institutions. Secondary education
ends in taking one compulsory and at least three optional examinations. Successful students are awarded a
School Leaving Certificate. Education is free in all state secondary schools.
Tuition normally begins at the age of six or seven. Compulsory education lasts until the age of 16. Pupils can
stay at school for twelve years but some of them leave school having finished the tenth form. These pupils
-=~ntswhich
usually go to vocational junior colleges or trade schools where they can get both secondary education and the
portant to
qualifications. Higher education can be pursued by individuals who have secondary school graduation certificates.
There are 15 state schools of higher education in our country: 7 universities, 6 academies and 2 institutes, as
well as 3 clerical seminaries.
In Lithuania children go to school five days a week. There is no school on Saturdays and Sundays. The
school year begins in September and ends in the middle of June. There are optionally three terms or two
semesters in the school year. The curriculum may slightly differ from school to school, though basic subjects
such as Lithuanian, Mathematics, History, Science, Computer Studies, modem foreign languages are included
in the curriculums of all schools. Religious education is provided for all pupils, but parents can choose either to
send their children to classes of religion or ethics.

Secondary Schools
ses. Most secondary schools are comprehensive schools, which offer a general education to children of all
~ activities abilities. In some areas children are selected for either grammar school (which is more academic) or secondary
modem school.
Education in Britain is free, and most
age
children go to state schools. However, some 4
parents pay to send their children to 5
independent schools. In England and Wales 6
7
some of the more traditional independent 8
chools are called public schools, although 9
10
!hey are not really public at all. Many of 11
these are boarding schools, where children 12
live and sleep during the term. 13
14.
The Curriculum 15
16
The national curriculum is the group of
17
building. ubjects (English, Mathematics, History, 18
College of
=:: iet place. cience, modem foreign languages etc) that
~ going for
further education
ust be taught in England and Wales. (general, vocational. and
school- University College of art, technical)
Exams
e. music, etc.
In England Wales and Northern Ireland
STY, Music
. upils take GCSEs (the General Certificate
. he boys. Secondary Education) at the age of 16.
a school This chart shows how education is organised in England and Wales.
- orne children take three or four; others The system is a little different in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
:2.keas many as ten or eleven. Pupils who
• :he aim of . ve passed their GCSEs may remain at school for another two years and take their A (Advanced)-level
_. Club and =xams. All grammar and most comprehensive schools have a sixth form, where pupils study for their A-levels .
.-\ny student who wants to go to university needs to pass at least two or three A-levels.
g time. I
IDgher Education
~ at school.
Most courses last for three or four years. Students receive grants from the government to pay for course fees,
: , accommodation etc. Some students also receive loans, which they have to pay back when they start work.
Age of Starting Types of The Higher
Country Exams
School Schools Curriculum Education

Lithuania ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

Britain ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .....................

5 You have been studying at school for ten years at least, so taking turns tell your fr~end~ wh;t y~
know about education in Lithuania. Speak about the changes that have .ta.ken place l~ e uca 1O~~
our country recently. What changes are still to be made? Express your opmlOn about biased teachm,
What are positive and negative aspects of it?

6 Work in pairs. Which five aims do you think are most important
for secondary school? Read out yo
list of aims to each other. Give reasons or examples to back up your points. Report back the resul
of your work to the rest of the class.

Possible Aims for Secondary Schools


• teach you how to read and to write well
• keep you occupied
• help you to know what is going on in the whole world nowadays
• show you how to get on with other people; such as, those you work with, your future wife or husband
• help to develop your own personality and character
• teach you what is right and wrong
• help you to do as well as possible in the exams
• teach you about different sOlis of jobs and careers so that you can decide what you want to do
• make school a pleasant place to be in
• help with things you will need to know when you leave school (for example sewing, cooking, running a home.
bringing up children, repairing your home, decorating etc)
• help you to become independent

7 Working in a group choose three of the points for discussion. Justify your opinion by giving examples
and reasons. Begin your speech with:

In my opinion, .
As far as I know, .
I'm convinced that .
Taking into account .
I'm not sure I agree .
I really believe that .
I assume that .
Personally, I think .
It seems to me .
Regarding the fact that .
To tell the truth, .
From my point of view .

• Most of what you learn at school is useless in later life.


•Schools should teach vocational subjects such as secretarial skills, accountancy, handicrafts, metalwork
and woodwork, rather than the traditional academic subjects like history, geography, chemistry.
• Classes should be divided according to the age, regardless of the ability of pupils.
• Education should be compulsory for all people up to the age of eighteen.
• Pupils should be able to choose the subjects they want to study and not have them imposed by teachers or
educational authorities.
• Schools should be responsible both for academic education and for personal and moral development of
students.
8a) Speak with your partner about the most important characteristics of a good teacher. Here are some
ideas which may be helpful. Share your ideas with the rest of the group.

A good teacher is the one who:


• has a sense of humour
• shows great enthusiasm for his / her subject
• brings out the best in each student
• gives students a sense of self-esteem
hat you • is able to maintain discipline and order
tion in • knows all students' problems and is always ready to give a piece of advice
te.aching.
• is very professional and up-to-date in his / her subject
• makes students work hard

out your
e.results

9 Many people think that teachers give pupils too much homework and that it is unnecessary. Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of doing homework. These statements may support your point of
view:

• pupils should not work in their free time


• homework is a waste of time
• homework can be given on working days only
• pupils should be able to do homework at school under the guidance of their teachers
• homework helps students to see if they understand everything the teacher has said
• homework gives students the chance to practise what they have learnt in class
• doing homework teaches students to rely on themselves

1 There is top much English everywhere.


2 There are too many English words getting into Lithuanian.
3 Singers should sing in their own language, not in English.
4 Too many employers want staff with good English even if they never have to use it.
S We should have more TV programmes in English. It would help us to learn the language better.

11 Most people are very keen on learning languages as they realise the importance of knowing foreign
languages. Discuss these questions with your partner:

Why have you chosen to study English?


Is it possible to learn a foreign language at school?
What makes learning effective?
What sort of materials and teaching aids do you think are most effective for an English lesson?
How can people improve their knowledge of foreign languages?
How will the knowledge of English be useful to you in the future?

12 You and your friend would like to go to Britain to improve your English in summer courses. Make up
a role play on the matter considering the following points:

• choosing the place in Britain


• the length and level of the course you would like to join
• the way of travelling to the country
• accommodation (discuss various options)
• possible sightseeing
• the things you should take with you
• the amount of money you'll probably spend
WRITING

1 Kristina wants to go to England to attend a summer course in English. She has seen this advertisement in
the' BBe English' magazine and has decided to write to the school and ask some questions about the
course. Read the advertisement, Kristina's'notes and the letter she has written. Find and underline the set
phrases used to begin and end the letter. Can you think of any other phrases that could have been used
instead? Underline the linking words. What would be wrong with the letter if the linking words were
missing?

where
STUDY ENGLISH THE HEAR OF ENGLAND exactly?
• All levels from Beginners t~
• Frien .ronment and up-to-date<f.i!filiti~ any courses
• Sport and Social€tivit~ preparing for
• Tri s to Oxford and Stratford-up on-Avon A-level
• ccommodati can be arranged in the range of £ 80.00 a eek. exams?
For@itioi§!J information please write to: The Internationa
Office Manager, Warwickshire College, 5 Warwick New Road,
Leamington Spa, Warwickshire CV32 5JE

Ramybes g. 99
LT-5300 Paneveiys
Lithuania

The International Office Manager


Warwickshire College
5 Warwick New Road
Leamington Spa
Warwickshire CV32 5JE
England

Dear Sir or Madam,


I am writing to you with regard to your advertisement published in the magazine "BBC English".
I would appreciate it if you could give me some extra information about your school and courses.
To begin with, I would like to know where exactly in Leamington Spa the school is situated and I
would also like to know what type of accommodation is offered and what kind of facilities there
are near the school.
In addition, I would be interested in knowing whether there is a course of Business English as well
as a course preparing for A-level exams.
Furthermore, I would be grateful if you could inform me about the definite social and sport activities
in order to know what clothes and equipment to bring with me.
Finally, I would appreciate it if you could send me a brochure with additional information regarding
your school.
Thank you in advance for your time and assistance. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
~3imJu.ah
2 You are interested in taking part in a student exchange programme. You have seen this advertisement in
the magazine 'English For You' and you need more information. Write a letter of 120-180 words to the
organizers of the exchange programme in an appropriate style covering the points in your notes. You may
use the set phrases and expressions given below.
utin
tthe EXCHANGE SCHOOLS & HOMES!
eset Travel to countries in Europe
will meals be
used • ccommodatlO with host family
provided?
were • planned<e.KcurslQIis>
and recreation @iviti~
• information<129okl9>available
SPECIAL PRICES FOR LIMITED ~~)
For further information please write to: The Director,
House of English, 24 Portland Place, Brighton BN2 IDG, England
nes
o for
Set Phrases for Opening Paragraph Set Phrases for Closing Paragraph
I am writing to you in connection with ... I would be very grateful if you would / could reply as
I am writing with regard to / in regard to / with soon as possible.
reference to ... Thanking you for your time and assistance.
I am writing to ask if you could inform me about .... I would like to thank you in advance.
I was interested in your advertisement in .... I look forward to your reply at your earliest
I would appreciate some further information about .... convenience.
Referring to your advertisement published in ... I look forward to hearing from you.

Kristina has received a letter from the manager of Warwickshire College. Fill in the gaps with the
phrases given below to complete the letter. Underline the words and phrases which make the letter
sound formal. Find and underline the linkers.

Everything else is provided also available all essential facilities to stay with
As for the accommodation of some help Regarding the situation To begin with

Warwickshire College
5 Warwick New Road
Leamington Spa
Warwickshire CV32 5JE
England
1 July. 2003
Miss Kristina Simkute
Ramybes 99
LT-5300 Paneveiys
Lithuania

Dear Miss Simkute,


I am writing to give you some additional information about the courses at Warwickshire College.
1 , there is a wide range of courses that you can take part in. A course of Business English as well as

_a course preparing for A-level exam are 2 •.......••••••••••.


3 of the college and facilities near it, I would like to inform you that the college is in the centre of
the town so ./ are within easy reach of it. 5 , you can choose from two options - either to

take a room in a youth hostel or 6 a host family.


Concerning sport activities, you do not need to bring any equipment with you, apart from a pair of comfortable
hiking boots. 7.•...•.......•.•.•. by the organizers.
I hope this information will be 8 to you. If you need any further information, do not hesitate to
contact me.
Yours sincerely,
9;Aofluv.;. SmitfJv

Thomas Smith
4 You are one of the organisers at Giruliai Camp. A teenager from Britain has written to the camp asking
for some extra information about the points underlined in the advertisement given below. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write to the teenager giving the necessary information.
You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.

HAVE FUN AT GIRULIAI CAMP!


A variety of activities to take part in! swimming in the sea, hiking, discos, sports
Foreign language classes organised! qualified teachers from the USA and Germany
Something special for travel lovers ! a trip to Nida
Fishing in the sea! guided by fishermen

Note: bring a swimsuit and hiking boots

GOT INTERESTED?
Write to: Gintas Petrulis, Giruliai Camp,
Pusyno g. 12, LT-5800 Klaipedos r., Lithuania

Set Phrases for Opening Paragraph Set Phrases for Closing Paragraph
I am writing to give you some information about ... I hope this information will be of some help to you ...
I am writing in reply to your letter . I would be happy to supply you with any further information ...
In reply to your letter concerning . If you need further information, do not hesitate to contact me.
With reference to your letter of .

Guidelines for writing a paragraph


A paragraph is like a mini essay in which you express your point of view in a condensed way. While
writing a paragraph follow these tips:
• Begin the paragraph with the topic sentence which introduces the main idea of what your paragraph
will be about. If the topic sentence is given, you have to rewrite it making no changes.
• Then write several supporting sentences. Each supporting sentence should be backed up with
examples or justifications.
• Finish your paragraph with the conclusion or the closing sentence which restates the main idea or
sumrnarises the main points of the paragraph.
• Use linking words for:
ordering or sequencing: to begin with I first of all / in the first place, secondly, next, then,
thirdly, finally / in the end / last of all etc
adding: furthermore, moreover, in addition to this, as well as this, besides this etc
giving examples: for example, for instance, such as etc
making contrasts: on the other hand, however, nevertheless, in contrast, in comparison etc
showing result: consequently, as a result, thus etc
concluding: in conclusion, to sum up, all in all etc

5 Read the following paragraph. Highlight in different colours the topic sentence, the supporting
sentences and the closing sentence. Circle the linking words and replace them with the synonymous
ones.

Nowadays it is truly important to learn languages. To begin with, knowing foreign languages broadens
one's outlook and develops mentality. The more languages we know the more intelligent we are. Moreover,
knowing foreign languages gives us an opportunity to socialise and correspond with people from other
countries. For instance, we can travel abroad and communicate with other people easily which gives us
great satisfaction. It also helps to understand traditions and customs of the country better. Furthennore,
you can study or work abroad not facing the language barrier. As a result, you have better employment
opportunities abroad and in your own country as most positions take people with a good command of two
or three foreign languages. To sum up, there are a lot of reasons why people should learn foreign languages.
'"
p asking
6 Here are some ideas oflanguage learning expressed by different people. Read them and write a paragraph
. Read the
using the guidelines given on p. 88. Start with the topic sentence: There are different ways to improve one's
ormation.
language skills.

Sam: When I read a text in which much of the language is unfamiliar, I 'guess' - I use my general knowledge
of the world and knowledge about the particular topic to help me to understand.
sports Elizabeth: I use my bilingual dictionary a lot to try to find ways of expressing what I can say in my own
Germany language.
Jan: I try to notice other students' mistakes - particularly if they are not speaking to me - and sometimes I
realise I make that mistake myself. I try to correct the mistake and think what the person should have said.
Marina: I like to repeat things over and over so that I can memorise them.
Jonas: I go up to tourists and pretend I am lost so that I can get into conversation with them in English.
Anna: I have a fascination for the systems of language, and read about the grammar and phonology of English
in my own language. I get pleasure from discovering the underlying grammar in some expressions I use, and
this helps me to remember it.
Martin: I like to write everything down and revise all my lessons very carefully and systematically. I enjoy
reading, and keep a record of the new vocabulary I come across.

ation ...
essible l:lk'ses:lbll prieinamas, gaunamas effort I'efdt/ pastanga, stengimasis
ntact me.
ommodation 1:l,kom:l'derJnl patalpa, bustas enrol Im'rdull uz(si)rasyti, iregistruoti
omplish 1:l'kAmplrJI ivykdyti, atlikti entrance I'entrdnsl istojimas; stojamasis
ording 1:l'b:drlJI pagal, remiantis essential /r'senJdll pagrindinis, butiniausias dalykas
ountancy l:l'kaunt:lnsil s<lskaityba, buhalterija exactly /rg 'zrektlil kaip tik
.evement l:l'tJi:vm:lntl pasiekimas, laimej imas excellent I'eksdldntl puikus
uda l:l' d3end:l1 darbotvarke expel /rk'spell pasalinti, ismesti
ply l:l'plar/ kreiptis, prasyti extra-curricular I,ekstr:lb'nkjubl uzklasinis
preciate/:l'pri:Ji,ertl (Dvertinti; branginti; pripazinti extremely /rk'stri:mlil labai, be gala
. tance l:l'srst:lnsl pagalba, parama facilities Ifd' srldtrzl visuomenines paskirties irenginiai
. de I'retr, tju:dl nuostata, pozicija, paziura, poziuris fail Iferll nepavykti, nepasisekti
id 1:l'vJrdl vengti; issisukineti, salintis fascination l,fresr'nerJn! susizavejimas
ve Ibr'hervl elgtis fierce Ifrdsl inirs«s, nirtulingas
d I'bar:lstl (Cia) profilinis find out I,famd 'autl suzinoti
gual Ibar'lrI]gw:l1l dvikalbis force Ihsl (pri)versti
ding house I'bJ:drI] ,hausl (Cia) mokyklos bendrabutis former I'hmdl buv2:s
brity IS:l'lebr:ltil izymi asmenybe, garsenybe frustration Ifr AS'trerJ nl nusi vylimas
. cate IS:l'trfrbtl atestatas, mokyklos baigimo paiymejimas genuine l'd3enjuml tikras, nuosirdus
enging l'tJrelmd3rI]1 reikalaujantis visljjegll, sunkus graduate l'grred3u,ertl baigti (mokslus)
pel l'tJrepll koplycia, baznytele graduate I' grred3udtl absolventas
t ItJi:t1 apgaudineti, sukCiauti handicrafts I'hrendi,kra:ftsl rankdarbiai
ch IbutJI treneris, instruktorius hesitate I'hezrtertl dvejoti, nesiryzti
parison Ibm'prensnl palyginimas, sugretinimas hostel I'hostdll bendrabutis
lete Ibm'pli:tl uzbaigti impose /rm 'pduzl uzdeti, primesti, apsunkinti
porting rehensive school I,kompn'hensrvl valstybine incredible 1m' kreddbll neitiketinas
':ojo lavinimo mokykla independent I,mdr'penddntl nepriklausomas
nymous
ulsory Ibm'pAls:lril priverstinis, privalomas invent sugalvoti, israsti
rning Ibn's3:mI]1 del, apie juggle I'd3A91l zongliruoti
roadens =TInce Ibn'vmsl itikinti loan l!dunl paskola
oreover, . f'kDpil (nu)kopijuoti, (pa)daryti kopij<l maintain Imem 'tern! palaikyti; priziureti; islaikyti
'Ye Ihi' ertrvl kurybingas, kurybiskas memo rise I'memd,rarzl isiminti, isidemeti
/ other
'culum Ib'nkjubml mokymo planas; programa misfortune/mrs'htJnl nelaime
/ves us
- 'te I'def(:l)ndtl aiskus, apibreztas, tikslus; nustatytas observe lob'Z3:vl stebeti; sekti; laikytis (tradicij/{)
Idr'gri:1 laipsnis order I'J:ddl liepti, isakyti; uzsakyti
'nation Idr,t3:mr'nerJnl ryztingumas; pasiryzimas particularly Ipd'trkjuldlil ypac
lop Idr'veldpl pletoti(s), rutuliotis; vystyti(s), is(si)vystyti; pass Ipo:sl islaikyti (egzamin1)
roJtl apmatai; projektas play truant I,pler'tru:dntl praleidineti pamokas
'{'ntly /r'frJntlil efektyviai, nasiai permission Ipd'mrJnl leidimas
position Ip;J'zrJnI paddis; postas, tarnyba regardless In'ga:dl;Jsl nepaisant to
prayer Ipre;JI maIda, poteriai responsible /rr'spons;Jbl/ atsakingas
pride Iprardl pasididziavimas royal l'r:)1;J1Ikaraliskasis
primary I'prarm;Jril pradinis self-esteem I,selfrs'ti:ml savigarba
promote Ipr;J'm;Jutl paremti, puoseldi; skatinti sighting I'sartrl)1 reginys
provide Ipr;J 'vardl patiekti, pariipinti staff Ista:fI tarnautojai, personalas
pursue Ip;J'sju:1 t«sti; uzsiimti supportls;J'p;):tl paremti, islaikyti
recite In'sartl deklamuoti, isvardyti tutor I'tju:t;JI vieno studento arba mazos grupes destytojas
recreation I, rekri 'erJnI pramo ga, laisvalaikio uzsi emimas vocational subjects IV;JO'kerJn(;J)1'sAbd;)lkts/ profesin. dalykai
regarding In'ga:du)1 del waste Iwerstl veltui eikvoti, svaistyti

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


school
nursery 1'll3:s(;J)ril 1 kindergarten I'kmd;J,ga:tnl 1 nursery school (Am E) vaikq darielis; primary 1 elementary school
(Am E) pradine mokykla; secondary 1 high school (Am E) vidurine mokykla; public school (in the UK) prestizine privati
mokykla; private school privati mokykla; state 1 public school (Am E) valstybine mokykla; boarding school internatine
mokykla; trade 1 vocational-school profesine mokykla
NOTE: there is no the before school when you are talking about a teacher or pupil going or being there to teach or leam; the
is used before school if you are talking about a place, or a building and are going there as a visitor. School starts in September.
I'm going to the school to see Frank's teacher.
places where people over 18 can study
university: a place where students study one or two subjects at high level to get degrees. be at university: to be a student at
a university Both my brothers are at university. go to university: to become a student at a university. I want to go to
university to study medicine. college: in Britain, a place where people can study academic subjects or practical skills after
they leave secondary school, but which does not give degrees; in the US, a university
finish school or university
leave: to leave your school 1 college 1 university permanently When he left college he worked in an office. graduate
from: to finish studying at university successfully He graduated from Oxford with a degree in law. qualification
l,kwolrfr'kerJnl specialybe, kvalifikacija, tinkamumas, pasirengimas; diploma; school leaving certificate; test; credit
iskaita; examination 1 exam; final exams baigiamieji egzaminai; entrance exams stojamieji egzaminai; examination
period egzaminl.l sesija; take 1 sit an exam laikyti egzamin'b pass an exam islaikyti egzamin<t; fail an exam neislaikyti
egzamino; do well 1 badly in an exam; paper: a set of exam questions on a particular subject The physics paper was very
difficult. examine sb in 1 on sth Candidates will be examined on their written and oral skills.
someone who studies or works at a school, university etc
schoolboy f schoolgirl (especially British): a boy or a girl who studies at school; schoolchildren (especially British) children
who study at school Only 10 % of British schoolchildren attend private schools.
pupill'pju:pl/: a child who studies at a particular school, especially in a school for children under the age of 12 With over
1000 pupils, this is one of the biggest schools in our town.
student: in British English, it usually means someone who studies at a university or college; in American English, it means
anyone studying at a school, college, or university. classmate klases draugas; school-Ieaver abiturientas
professor; headteacher (more usual) 1 headmaster f headmistress f principal (Am E) direktorius; teacher; class
teacher klases aukletoja(s); a coach; tutor; lecturer lektorius, destytojas; instructor
subjects
subject mokomasis dalykas What subjects did you take / have / learn at school? biased I'bar;Jstl subjects profilines
disciplinos Has your school got any biased subjects? optional pasirenkamas, fakultatyvinis
art daile; biology; chemistry; computer studies f information technology (IT) informatika; economics I,i:b'nomrksl
home economics naml.l mosa; geography Id3i:'ogr;Jfi/; history; mathematics l,mreS;J'mretrksl maths ImreSs/; physics
I'frzrks/; physical training (PT) kuno kultura; Lithuanian; foreign languages: English, German, French, Russian, Polish,
Spanish, Greek, Japanese, Chinese etc but: the German language, the Russian language etc; religion; science gamtos
mokslas; technical drawing braizyba
marks f grades (Am E)
mark pazymys My worst mark was a D. mark for 1 in What was his markfor history last term? give sb a high flow
1 good 1 poor mark The teacher gave me a low mark in English. get a mark You can't get another low mark in maths.
top marks She always gets top marks for history. mark ivertinti pazymiu I spent the evening marking your essays.
organisation of teaching
period I lesson I class pamoka, u:lsiemimas There'll be no school/lessons / classes today. free period I break
pertrauka course mokymo, paskaitll kursas 1 took a course in mathematics. Who runs the course? This course has been
held by the University. term trimestras, semestras; holiday(s) atostogos; break up baigtis School breaks up in June.
curriculum mokymo planas, ugdymo turinys Is German on your school curriculum? extra-curricular activities
uzklasine veikla; grant / scholarship stipendija What scholarship do you receive? class: a group of students who are
taught together We were in the same class at school. form: class at school She is now in the sixth form. be promoted
to the next form bUti perkeltam i aukstesn~ klas~; year one / two etc pirma I antra klase ir 1.1. My sister is in the year
one of primary school.

breaking the school rules


play truant I to skip classes praleidineti pamokas In my last year 1 played truant a lot. cheat apgau(dine)ti; crib
'spargalka' She used a crib in the exam. be expelled for sth buti ismestam He was expelledfor irregular attendance.
languages
mother tongue I first language gimtoji kalba; foreign language uzsienio kalba; bilingual dvikalbis Are we allowed to
use bilingual dictionaries in the exam? official language: the language used by the government; modern languages
suolaikines kalbos; informal I colloquial Ib'bukwI::ll/ snekamoji kalba; slang zargonas 'Cool' is teenage slang for
fantastic', 'great' or 'marvellous '. language barrier I'been::l/; dialect; accent akcentas, tartis
communication with other people
speak Do you speak English? pronounce Ipr::l'naunsl tarti How is this word pronounced? pronunciation tarimas
1find the English pronunciation very difficult. conversation pokalbis Can you hold conversations in English? spell
pasakyti ar parasyti paraidziui; Can you spell your name, please? understand 1 understand you, but it is difficult for me
to speak English. well (better, best) 1 do not know English well enough. interpret: to translate what someone is
saying He spoke to the audience in French and she interpreted his speech. translate: to put sth said or written into
another language He translated the book from French into English. dictionary, pocket dictionary, use a dictionary;
question May 1 ask a question? clear It's not clear to me. explain sth (to sb) Will you explain to me what this
means?
useful expressions
She has a good command of the Polish language. Ji gerai moka lenkllkalb:t.
I know three languages fairly well. As pakankamai gerai moku tris kalbas.
I'm quite at home with my English. As gerai moku anglll kalb'l.
They took me for an Englishman. Jie mane palaike anglu.
You speak English clearly I fluently I fairly well. Tu kalbi angliskai aiskiai I laisvai I pakankamai gerai.
Your English has improved. Tu pradejai geriau kalbeti angliskai.
He is very good at I interested in I talented for I gifted for languages. He is very quick at picking up languages.
My English needs brushing up. Man reikia vel prisiminti ir pasimokyti anglll kalbos.
My knowledge ofthe Spanish language is weak. As prastai moku ispanllkalb'l.
He spoke broken English. Jis kalbejo lauzyta anglll kalba.
He speaks poor English. His English is poor. Jis prastai kalba angliskai.
He speaks with a very strong accent. Jis kalba su stipriu akcentu.
I want to take up English. As noriu pradeti mokytis anglll kalbos.
What does the word 'rush' mean?
I cannot think of the right word, but you know what I mean.
Could you spell that, please? How do you spell that? Could you write that down, please?
I don't know how to put it in English I express myself. What do you call it? I don't know this word in English.
What's the English for 'mokslo metai'? How do you say it in English?
VOCABULARY

pen cheese hammer ring stamps cigarettes


bread newspaper flowers whisky sweets potatoes
fish medicines sausages salt oyster typing paper
wme brooch rolls matches magazine screwdriver
cereals cabbages meat crabs plaster bar of chocolate
painkillers bracelet biscuits bacon sugar pair of glasses

TOBACCONIST'S
NEWSAGENT'S
JEWELLER'S
GREENGROCER'S
OFF-LICENCE
BUTCHER'S
IRONMONGER'S
GROCER'S
FISHMONGER'S
STATIONER'S
BAKER'S
CHEMIST'S
OPTICIAN'S
FLORIST'S
CONFECTIONER'S

2 Complete these phrases with an appropriate word from the list.

1 a of moisturiser or shampoo ~
2 a of milk or apple juice ~
3 a of soap or chocolate ~
4 a of jam or pickle
5 a of tissues or chocolates
6 a of toothpaste or glue
7 a of coke or beer
8 a of beans or paint
9 a of cigarettes or biscuits
10 a of mineral water or bubble bath
11 a of grapes or flowers
12 a of ice cream or margarine
3 Group the words according to the categories in the chart. Some words may suit more than one category.
Look up the words in the word bank and additional word bank if necessary.
blouse high heels cap waistcoat suit belt
jacket flip-flops bra scarf fur coat socks
sweater T-shirt hat boots shorts skirt
overcoat trousers shirt anorak bow tie leggings
tracksuit V -neck jacket polo-neck overalls nightdress dressing -gown
PYjamas knickers / panties jumper raincoat slippers parka
trunks trainers / sneakers tights underpants Jeans sandals
bracelet handbag brooch shawl beads necklace

FOOTWEAR UNDERWEAR CASUAL CLOTHES FORMAL CLOTHES ACCESSORIES

4 Complete the sentences using the words given below. Make changes if necessary. You may use some
words more than once.

1 My brother was dressed a black suit.


2 The white dress her properly now she's lost some weight.
3 Who's the man a red tie?
4 The blue of her dress the blue of her eyes.
5 It was very cold. He had an overcoat .
6 I want a brown jacket to my skirt.
7 She's got a dark green dress .
8 These jeans don't me, they are a bit too loose in the waist.
9 Melinda's the girl the red blouse and black skirt.
10 I remember her. She was the one red high heeled shoes.

A wrong number
telephone play machine machine
cordless mobile phone box
answering fax phone call
long-distance address
e-mail back

1 Steve is not at home but we can call him on his .


2 I phoned Isabel but she was out so I left a message on her .
3 I want to send a message to Jose in Portugal. Do you have his ?
4 I tried to phone the hospital but a policeman answered - it was the .
5 It must have cost you a lot to make that to New Zealand.
VERBS: cash make open change borrow
NOUNS: an account a mistake money a cheque interest

7 Match the verbs to their opposites.

lend add withdraw / take out give buy lose


sell receive find borrow put in / deposit subtract

First pick up the 1..........•••..•...... and then insert your money. Then 2 .•.••••••••••••••••.•• the number, remembering to
put the area 3 •••••••••••••••••••••• in front of the number. You should hear a 4 ••••••••••••••••••••••• tone before somebody
5....•....•.•..•....•... Ifyou hear the 6....•........•........ tone, try again later. When your money has run out you will hear
the 7•••••••••••.•••..••••• ; either put more money in to continue your call or 8••••••••••••••••••••••• If you cannot phone
direct, call the 9•...•...•••••.•.•..... and ask him or her to connect you.

USE of ENGLISH
1 Most of the lines in this text have a missing word. Use a stroke ( / ) to show where a word has been
left out and write the missing word next to the number on the right. Tick the lines that are correct. An
example is given.

Your Consumer Rights


Anyone I buys goods in a shop is protected by o w.hp replacing the item if you prefer. 12 .
law. As a consumer you have certain rights. 1./ You don't have to accept a replacement or offer of a 13 .
If you buy something doesn't work properly, 2 . credit note you can use to buy something else in the 14 .
like calculator which adds up wrongly, you 3 . shop. You can insist having your money back. 15 .
should take it back to the shop where you 4 . If you receive something as present, however, you 16 .
bought it. You can either exchange it, or ask for 5 . are not protected. The person gave you the present 17 .
your money back. You don't have show a 6 . is the only one can take it back and demand a 18 .
receipt, although it helps if you are able to 7 . refund. 19 .
prove that you bought it that particular shop. 8 . And as far clothes are concerned, shops do not by 20 .
You don't have to get touch with the 9 . law have give you your money back, or even let you 21 .
manufacturer to complain. The shop where you 10 . exchange things, if only thing wrong is that you 22 .
bought it is responsible repaying you, or 11 . decide you don't like them or they don't fit. 23 .

1 the jewellery department they sell beautiful rings and bracelets.


2 May I try this dress ? I don't think it fits me perfectly.
3 This hat won't go your coat and besides its colour is too bright you.
4 Have you got these blouses dark-green?
5 At last I've decided this light-blue T- shirt.
6 What do you usually buy the stationery?
7 The jackets that rail are all your size. Look them and you may find
something your taste.
8 Don't you think it's too hot summer wear?
9 Must I buy anything else the butcher's?
10 I prefer to do the shopping a self-service shop. One takes a basket and moves .
the counters which are filled various foodstuffs. After you've chosen the things you
want you come the cash-desk and pay them.
11 These jackets are reduced price.
12 She asked a refund.
13 There is normally a label a jacket.
14 I want to look the animals a pet shop.
15 He bought a lot of things mail order.

3 Fill in the gaps in the dialogue with a suitable word from the bank given. Use each word only once. There
are some extra words you will not need.

here out Could through a few too


pleasure looser usual wear there a little
it's cost tight its usually does
decide do coast sale wore sell

Buying a Jacket
Salesperson: May I help you?
Customer: Yes, please. I'm looking for a jacket.
S: What size do you 1........................................•..... ?
C: 36, I think.
S: Here you are. How do you like this one?
C: Hmm. I think it's a bit 2••.•...••.••••••••••.••••.•• light. 3•••••••••••••.....•.•.•••• you show me any jackets that are
4.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••• darker?
S: Yes, we have a wide selection. Look s all of our jackets on your own and pick
6..••...••••••••.....•.....••••••• the one you like.
C: Can I try them on?
S: Of course. You can try them on in the fitting room over 7 •••••••••••••••.•...••••.••••••••••••••••••
(five minutes later)
S: Well, how do you like it? How 8•......................•.....•.....•........ it fit you?
C: I'm afraid 9••••••••.•.•.•.•.••. a little too 10••••••••••••••••••••• Have you got any jackets that are a bit 11•••••••••••••••.••• ?
S: Yes, we have. I think you'll like this one. Would you mind coming over here and looking at it? It's a little
looser than the one you've just tried on.
C: Will you take it back if I 12 ..••..•••••.•..••.••.....•..•. to return it?
S: Of course. No problem at all. Just bring it back.
C: Fine. I think I'll take it. How much does it 13 ?
S: The 14 •••.•.••..........•.•.•••..... price is 50 pounds. But you are lucky. We're having a 1S......•....•.•.•.••••.• this week,
and all of our prices are 25% off the regular price.
C: That's fine. I'm glad I decided to buy a jacket this week. Thanks for your help.
S: My 16.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•......•.•...•. Please come again.

1 Why would you go to an optician? (eyes / look at) 2 Why would you take your watch to a watchmaker's?
(it / mend) 3 Why would you go to a drycleaner's? (clothes / clean) 4 Why would you go to a barber's or
hairdresser's? (hair / cut) 5 Why would you take your car to a garage? (it / service) 6 Why would you go to a
fortune teller? (fortune / tell) 7 Why would you go to a shoemaker's? (shoes / mend) 8 Why would you go to a
laundry? (linen / wash) 9 Why would you go to a photographer's? (photo / take)

- Read the passage about the postal services and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space.

We cannot imagine our life without the help 1 certain services such as: a post office, a
hairdresser's, a bank, a laundry or various medical institutions.
We need these services very often. One of them is a post office. The mail serves 2 ••••••••••••.••••.•••• a connection
between members of a family, between friends, and between producers and consumers. It not only delivers or
sends letters and other mail, but it 3 controls the telegraph and the telephone. We buy stamps,
send letters, parcels, telegrams or get poste restante letters 4 the post office. The post officer
weighs the letter or parcel and tells us 5 much we have to pay. We can drop ordinary letters
6 a post-box in the street. When the letters reach the place of destination, the postman delivers
7 to the people they are addressed 8 The post clerk may also sell you postal
orders. If you want to cash a money order don't forget to take your passport or PIC 9 ••••••..•..•.••••••... you.
Nowadays you can send a message 10 •.•••••••••••••.•.•.•. fax or e-mail, the newest means of communication.
In conclusion, 11 more developed society is the 12 we have to apply for the
services of different institutions hoping that a specialist will do the job better 13 any individual
may do 14 •.....••••..•..•.•.•.• his or her own.

6 Read the text and fill in each gap with the appropriate word from the box below.

Bank Accounts
It's very simple to open a bank 1 in Britain. There are very few formalities. Just go to your
local branch and 2 a few forms. You will probably only have to pay 3 if there
is no money in your account or if you borrow money from the bank, in other words if you have an
4••••.•••••••.••.•••••••.•••• For regular everyday use most people prefer a 5•.••••.•••.••••.•••••••••• account. This normally
earns no 6 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• but you are given a 7 •••••••••••••••••••.•••••• book, which makes shopping and paying bills
very easy. A deposit account earns interest but it's not so easy to 8 your money. At regular
intervals, perhaps monthly, you will receive a 9 from the bank, giving details of each
10•••.•.••••••..•••••.•••••• (money you put in) and 11•.•••.•.•.••••.•.•••••••.• (money you take out). If you have to make a
regular payment, like rent, you can ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. This arrangement is
called a 12••••.••..•••••••••......••..•

statement withdrawal· interest bank charges overdraft deposit


cheque withdraw fill in standing order account current

READING and SPEAKING


1 Try to follow the history of money and even predict some future developments by putting the following
statements in their proper order.

A People use salt, feathers, tobacco and cattle as payment.


B Credit cards are used instead of money.
C Coins made of some precious metal appear.
D People trade by exchanging different goods.
E No money is needed, smart cards lead to a cashless society.
F Paper money is introduced.

Money shapes our world. Almost every society now has a From salt to silver
money economy based on coins and paper notes in one A more practical system of exchange needed to be worked
form or another. Of course, that hasn't always been the out so, before long, people started trading with goods that
case. were important or valuable in their world. Roman soldiers
In 'primitive' societies, the market place was filled with received at least part of their pay in salt, giving us the modem-
people bartering, or exchanging goods which they thought day word, salary. Other cultures used shells and stones, as
were of equal value. Barter trade still goes on in some parts in the Southern Pacific islands, while some cultures traded
of the world but as a universal system it failed. It must have with skulls and teeth. Other examples of 'early' money include
been very frustrating and difficult trying to change what cattle, feathers, ivory and tobacco. The first real money as
you had for something that you wanted. we recognise it was developed by the Lydians in Asia Minor
in about 700 Be. The introduction of coins of silver and
gold alloys was a revolution. Money had become portable, developed intricate and often beautiful designs which are
durable, recognisable and divisible into smaller and larger difficult to reproduce. These are usually combined with the
units. portraits of heads of state and national heroes, which gives
paper money its great symbolic value.
The promise to pay the bearer
That value disappears quite quickly as smaller denomination
Coins come in all shapes, sizes and metals. Originally,
bills are converted to coins, making them so much 'loose
however, a coin was given its value on the amount of
change'.
precious metal it contained. In medieval times, problems
arose when the coins themselves became so heavy and large Precious plastic?
that they ceased to be portable. Another problem was that So, what about the future of money? In our world plastic,
some people started shaving off small amounts of the which was once considered useful but otherwise worthless,
precious metals which the coins contained. has now become most valuable. In fact, the plastic credit
The development of paper money was first introduced by cards you carry tell more about you than the cash in your
the Chinese in the 9th century but curiously didn't catch on wallet. As with all other systems, plastic has problems: multi-
in Europe until the 17th century. Paper money is, in real billion dollar computer frauds, the temptation to live beyond
terms, worthless. Like coins these days, it is merely a your means and the automated machines which sometimes
'promise to pay the bearer' from the government. The swallow your precious plastic. The French started using a
problems of paper money have also been many. The value 'smart' card - that is, a card which contains a microchip
which it truly represents varies constantly according to holding extensive data about its user. Like information,
inflation. Violent bank robberies are committed almost daily money has become quite simply an electronic code in the
in order to get it. And on top of that, counterfeiters never brain of a computer. Some science-fiction writers predict
seem to stop trying to forge it. that one day computer chips containing all that information
may be grafted into our skin. If that is the case, let's hope
The symbolic value of money
that the truly' cashless' society is far, far off in the future.
In order to stop the counterfeiters, bank notes have

barter trade precious metal inflation


counterfeiters; forge intricate loose change
cash; cashless society computer frauds computer chips

3 In the text there are a few adjectives which end in -able. Use them to shorten the expressions in bold
print.

1 With the introduction of credit cards, worthless plastic became something that is valued .
2 Different bank notes ought to be easy to recognise .
3 The shoes which I bought last year have turned out to be something that will last for a long time

1 What is the position of barter trade in today's world?


A Though we have things like credit cards, people still think bartering is the easiest way of trading.
B In spite of the present money economy, bartering has not completely disappeared.
C As soon as coins and paper money were introduced, bartering ceased to exist.
2 Why did people choose to use salt, feathers or tobacco as payment?
A They were easy to move from place to place.
B They were goods of special value in those days.
C Roman soldiers were especially keen on them.
3 How was the value of coins defined in medieval times?
A The Lydians decided the value of all coins in those days.
B Coins of different value were produced in different shapes.
C The more metal a coin contained, the more valuable it was.
4 What was one of the problems that arose with the use of metal coins?
A Gold and silver, the necessary valuable metals, ran out.
B The weight of the coins caused problems.
C The coins were not durable enough - they broke easily.
5 What do we know about the early history of paper money in Europe?
A The Chinese introduced paper money into Europe in the 9th century.
B People in Europe were the first to accept the use of paper money.
C Europeans did not start using it until the 1600s.
6 Why must the designs of bank notes be so intricate?
A It is extremely hard to reproduce notes with intricate designs.
B Only intricate designs are considered beautiful.
C If the design is too simple, the note has little symbolic value.
7 What is said about the value of plastic credit cards in modem society?
A Plastic cards are very popular because they cause no problems.
B The informative value of plastic credit cards is greater than that of ordinary money.
C Plastic cards are considered so precious that people are tempted to collect them.
8 What is a 'smart card'?
A It is a card with a microchip containing a lot of information.
B It is a card smarter than the brain of a computer.
C It is a card that can be grafted into our skin.

• what slhe spends her/ his money on • if slhe often lends money; who slhe lends it to
• if slhe saves any money; if so, how • if slhe often borrows money; who slhe borrows it from
(bank, cash) and what for • if there is something slhe would like to do or to buy but
• what bills slhe has to pay can't afford to

6a) Read the dialogues and underline the words or phrases relevant to the topic 'Bank services'.
Make similar dialogues of your own. Use the phrases you have underlined.

A: I think we should stop at the bank. A: Good morning. I want to open an account, please?
B: Why? Do we need cash? B: Have you got any accounts with this bank at present?
A: Yes. Remember ... we have to buy some A: No.
souvenirs and we are going to the zoo tomorrow. B: What sort of account do you want to open?
B: You're right. I've forgotten. How much do you A: I'm not sure. I think a savings account will be fine.
think we should get? B: Have you got any identification, sir?
A: I think 100 pounds will be enough. A: Well, I haven't got my passport, but I've got my
B: I think so, too. Let's change 180 dollars then. driving licence. Will that be all right?
A: What's the rate of exchange now? B: Yes, please fill in this form and we will give you a
B: I'm not very sure about that, but every bank new account book.
gives the current rates on its notice board. A: Thank you.

• if shopping is a pleasure or a must for her / him


• what slhe prefers: small specialised shops or supermarkets
• what the advantages and disadvantages of shopping in a supermarket are
• if slhe usually believes what advertisements and commercials promise and if slhe ever buys things because of ads
• what services s/he applies most often to and what services are the most popular with people
• if s/he could do without any services and why

8 Work in pairs. Prepare and act out your dialogues around the following situations:

• share your thoughts with the partner about the dress / suit you would like to buy for your cousin's wedding
party and the present for him / her
• you have to buy a lot of foodstuffs for the coming party, discuss with your partner the shops you are going
to visit, the amount of food you are going to buy
9 Work in small groups or pairs. Look at each other's clothes. What are you all wearing at the moment?
Make sure you can describe each item of clothing, its colour or pattern. What would you be wearing
if it were much colder / hotter today? What do you wear if you want to look extra smart? Ask your
friends to answer these questions.

WRITING

1 Read the rubric below and the letter of complaint. Complete the letter using the phrases given in the box
below.

You ordered a book you had seen in an not the one


ENJOY YOURSELF WITH I ordered
advertisement in a catalogue. However, the book OUR BOOKS !!!
you received was not the one you had ordered. was asked
Read carefully the advertisement and the notes you to pay the
have made. Then write a letter of complaint to the full price
company selling the books, covering the points in
your notes and adding any relevant information. had to wait
Write a letter of between 120 and 180 words in an more than
appropriate style. a month

as soon as possible Also enclosed together with to complain about within two weeks
Your advertisement stated the one I had ordered I hope that I would be grateful if

Liep1i al. 37
LT-3001 Kaunas
Lithuania

Subscriptions Dept.
Books by Post
96 Grove Lane
Douglas IM99 1BQ
England
Dear Sir or Madam,
1 am writing 1.....•......................................... the book which I have just received from your mail
order company.
On November lOth I sent an order form for the book 'Rebecca's Tale' by Sally Bewman.
2....................................... was the required payment to cover the cost of the book, postage and
packing. 3.....•..... : that any book ordered from you would be received
4••••••.•••.•.......••.••..•.•••••••.•••••.••. of placing the order. Not only did I have to wait more than a month,
but the book 1finally received was not 5...................•..........•............... To make matters worse, I
was asked to pay the full price, whereas in your advertisement you state otherwise. I am, therefore,
returning the unwanted copy of 'GCSE Survival Guide' by Nicky Hayes 6 ••..•...•..••••...•.•••.•••••.••••••••
a copy of my original order form.
7.............•.••.•.....••••••.....•.•.••...... you could sort out this matter and send my copy of 'Rebecca's Tale'
8................................................ 9 this kind of mix up and delay will
not occur again with any future orders I place with your company.
Yours faithfully,
, {l;/AlOO CfjJ 0f,'l/{l;U/'ff,~

Jayne Petraityte
2 Read the rubric below and the opening paragraph of the letter of complaint. Write the main part and the
closing of the letter stating your complaints. Use at least five of the linking words / phrases given in the
box and any appropriate expressions.

You ordered a tent you saw in a mail


order catalogue. Unfortunately,
when you received it, you realised
that there were many things wrong Y • 39.99 (including postage and packaging)
with it. Read carefully the .Fit~eop~
advertisement and the notes you • Made of high quality, durable€n~aj)
have made. Then write a letter of didn't
FREE !!!
complaint to the company selling receive!
<T§h and batt,with every ent!
the camping equipment, covering
the points in your notes and adding <@.ILABgin red, blue,);: How,pink
any relevant information. Write a
letter of between 120 and 180 words
wanted red, slightly torn and
in an appropriate style.
got pink zip got stuck

zn addition you led me to believe unfortunately although


taking all the above into consideration finally definitely misleading
therefore however in fact firstly what is more moreover
demand an immediate replacement or a full refund in your advertisement you state

Gedimino g. 16
LT-4230 Kaisiadorys
Lithuania

Subscriptions Dept.
Goods by Post
21-7 Oxbridge Road
London W5 7SA
England

I am writing to you to complain about the tent which I bought through your mail order catalogue
last week. I am very disappointed with what I received, as it is nothing like the one I saw in your
advertisement.

Yours faithfully,
~~
Kostas Karvelis
accessory I::>k'ses::>rilaksesuaras, priedas intricate I'mtnbt! sudetingas, painus
account I::>'kaunt! sqskaita introduce I,mtr::>'dju:sl ivesti, pradeti
alloy I''i£br! I::>'br! lydinys ivory I'arv::>rildramblio kaulas
bacon I' berbn! riikyti, siidyti lasiniai jar lc!3a:1stiklainis
bar Iba:1 pailgas gabalas laundry I'b:ndrrl skalbykla; skalbiniai
barber I' ba: b::>1vyrllkirpej a(s) lend (lent, lent) !lend! skolinti
barter I'ba:t::>1mainai loose Ilu:sl laisvas
beads lbi:dzJ karoliai luxury I'lAkJ::>rilprabangus, prasmatnus
bearer I'be::>r::>1 turetojas, pateikejas match Im'i£lfl degtukas
belt/belt! didas match Im'i£lfl derintis (apie spalvas)
biscuit I'brskrt! sausainis medieval I,medi'i:vl! vidurarniiq
borrow I'bnr::>u!skolintis microchip I'markr::>u,lflpl mikroschema
bow-tie I, b::>u'tar! peteliske, varlyte (kaklaraistis) moisturiser I'm::>Islf::>,rarz::>1drekinantis kremas
bracelet I' brers1::Jt!apyranke money order I'mAllI ,o:d::>1perlaida, pervedimas
brooch/br::>ulflsage necklace I'neklrsl verinys (perlIL karolit{ ir pan.)
bubble bath l'bAbl ,ba:ElI putos voniai optician/op'tIJn! akiq gydytojas
bunch IbAnlfl puokste; keke overdrafti' ::>uv::>,dra:ft! pereikvoj imas, (kredito) pervirsis
cabbage /'k'i£brdy' kopiistas parka I'pa:bl silta striuke su kapisonu
can Ik'i£n1 skardine (gerimo) pickle /'prkll marinuotos, raugintos darioves I vaisiai
canvas I'k'i£nv::>sldrobe pips I'plpsl pypsejimas
carton I'ka:tn! pakelis, kartono dezute plaster l'pla:st::>1 pleistras
cash Ik'i£fl isgryninti; grynieji pinigai portable I'po:t::>bl!nesiojamas, portatyvus
casual l'k'i£3U::>l! kasdienis, paprastas postage I'p::>ustrdy' pasto islaidos
cattle I'k'i£tl! galvijai precious metall'preJ::>s 'metl! brangusis metal as
cease Isi:sl nustoti predict Ipn'drkt! nuspeti, pranasauti
cereals I'sr::>ri::>lzJgriidai, javai producer Ipr::>'dju: s::>1 gamintojas
charge Ilfa:dy' mokestis refund I'ri:fAild! pinim gr'!zinimas
coin Ik:nn! moneta replacement In'pleIsm::>nt! pakeitimas
commercial !k::>'m3:Jl!reklama ring off l,nI] 'ofl baigti pokalbi telefonu
complaint !k::>m'plemt! skundas, nusiskundimas roll Ir::>ul! bandele
consumer Ibn'sju:m::>1 vartotojas sachet I' S'i£J erl mazas plokSCiaspopierinis I plastikinis maiselis
convey Ibn 'veri perduoti salary l's'i£1::Jrilalga
cordless I'b:dl::>sl belaidis scraf I'ska:f! salikas, kaklajuoste
counter l'kaunt::>1 prekystalis science-fiction I, saI::>ns'flkI nI moksline fantastika
counterfeiter I'kaunt::>frt::>1klastotojas, padirbinetojas screwdriver I'skru:,drarv::>1 atsuktuvas
data I' delt::>1duomenys shawl IJo:l! skara, salis
delay Idr'lerl uzgaisimas skull IskAl! kaukole
deposit IdI'poZlt! deti i bank,!, atiduoti saugoti smart card I,sma:t'ka:d! elektronine kreditine kortele
discountl'dIs,kaunt! nuolaida standing order l,st'i£ndII] 'o:d::>1pervedimas
durable I'dju::>r::>bl!tvirtas, pastovus, ilgalaikis statement I'stertm::>nt! pranesimas
enclose Im'kl::>uzJ ideti subtract Is::>b'tr'i£kt! atimti
exchange Irks 'If emdy' apsikeisti suit Isu:t! tikti, dereti
extensive Irk'stenslvl platus, issamus suspenseful Is::>'spensfl! i temptas
feather I'fee::>1plunksna swallow I'swol::>ul nuryti, praryti
fill in 1,[11'In! uzpildyti tight Itart! siauras, ankstas
fit Ifrt! tikti (pagal dydi) tin Itm! skardine (kons. maisto ar dail{)
fitting room I'fltII] ,ru:m! matavimosi kabina tissue I'tIJU:, 'trsju:1 popierine servetele
footwear I'futwe::>1avalyne torch Ito:lfl zibintuvelis
forge Ihdy' suklastoti, padirbti tracksuit I'tr'i£k,su:t! sportinis kostiumas
fraud Ifr::>:d! apgavikas, sukCius trade Itreld! prekiauti
full stop I,ful'stop! taskas tryon I, traI' on! pasimatuoti
garage I'g'i£ra:3, 'g'i£ndy' automobiliq remonto dirbtuves tub ItAbl kibirelis
glue Iglu:1 klijai; klijuoti tube Itju: bl tiibele
graft Igra:ft! persodinti (audinD underwear I'And::>,we::>1apatiniai riibai
hammer l'h'i£m::>1plaktukas wear (wore, worn) Iwe::>1deveti, nesioti
interest I'mtr::>st! paliikanos withdrawal IWle'dro:::>l!isemimas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
shopping facilities
bookshop l'buk,Jopl knygynas; boutique Ibu:'ti:kl madingtt brangill riibll parduotuve; children swear I'tfrldr;;mz,wedl
vaikiski riibai; china I'tfamdl porcelianas; clothes !ready-made clothes Iklduov drabuiiai, apdarai; cosmetics Ikoz'metrksl
cutlery /'kAtldril stalo irankiai; department store universaline parduotuve; domestic electric appliances buitiniai
elektros prietaisai; fabrics I'frebnksl medziagos, audiniai; florist's I flower shop gelitt parduotuve; furniture l'f3:nrtfdl
baldai; furs If3:z/ kailiai; glassware I'gla:s,wedl stiklo prekes; haberdashery l'hrebd,dreJdrii galanterija; hardware store
I ironmonger's ukines prekes; household goods I'haus,hduldl namll apyvokos reikmenys; jeweller's 1'd.3u:dldzl
juvelyriniai dirbiniai; kiosk; news agent's I news-stand (Am E) spaudos kioskas; kitchenware I'krtfdn,wedl virtuves
reikmenys; ladieswear I'lerdrz,wedl moteriski drabuziai; lingerie /'lren3dril mot. apatiniai rubai; market I'mo:krtl
turgus, prekyviete; menswear I'menz,wedl vyriski drabuziai; pet shop naminill gyvlinll parduotuve; second-hand store
naudotll prekill parduotuve; self - service shop savitarnos parduotuve; shoes I footwear I'futwedl avalyne; shopping
centre prekybos centras; sportswear and equipment sportine avalyne ir iranga; stationery l'sterJnril kanceliarines
prekes; supermarket l'su:pd,mo:kIt! prekybos centras; toiletries I't:nldtriv tualeto reikmenys, parfumerija; toy shop
zaislll parduotuve
food shops
baker's I'berbv duonos parduotuve; butcher's l'butfdV mesas parduotuve; confectioner's Iconfectionary konditerija;
dairy products I' de;}ril pieno produktai;· drinks I off-licence I' of,larsnsl alkoholiniai gerimai; greengrocer's I'gri:ngrdusdv
darZovillparduotuve; grocer's I'grdusdv bakaleja; tobacconist's Itd'brebnrstsl tabako gaminiai
names of clothes
anorak I'rend,rrek! silta striuke; blouse Iblauz/ palaidinuke; coat Ibut! paltas, apsiaustas; culottes Ikju:'lotsl kelnes-
sijonas; denims I jeans ld.3i:nv dzinsai; dress Idresl suknele; hat Ihret! skrybele; overalls kombinezonas; overcoat
apsiaustas; polo-neck (sweater) I'PdUldU ,nek! golfas; raincoat I'rern,but! lietpaltis; shirt IJ3:t! marskiniai; shorts I
J:>:tsl sortai; skirt Isk3:t! sijonas; socks Isoksl puskojines; stockings I'stokIl)v kojines; suit Isu:t! kostiumas;
sweater I'swetdl megztinis, nertinis; tights Itartsl pedkelnes; trousers I'trauzdv kelnes; waistcoat liemene; windcheater
I'wrnd,t;fi:t;;ll lengva striuke
underwear
bra Ibm:1 liemenukas; panties (Am E) / knickers I'nrbv mot., vaik. kelnaites; nighties I'nartrzl naktiniai marskineliai;
pyjamas Ip;;l'd.3a:mdv pizama; slip Islrpl apatinukas; trunks ItrAl)ksl glaudes; T-shirt l'ti:J3: portiniai marskineliai;
underpants I'Andd,prentsl vyr. apatines kelnaites; vest Ivest! berankoviai marskineJiai; liemene (Am E)
footwear
boots /bu:tsl batai (auliniai); flip-flops pliazines basutes (be uzkulnil{); shoes IJu:v batai. a eliai: slippers I'SlrpdV
slepet6s; trainers I sneakers (Am E) sportiniai bateliai; high heels I,har'hi:lv aukstakulniai a:eliai
style
long-sleeved ilgomis rankovemis; short-sleeved trumpom rankovem; sleeveless be rcnko i ~ Y-neck I'vi:,nek! V
formos iskirpte; round-neck apvalios formos iskirpte
material I texture
cotton I'kotnl medvilninis; medvilne; denim I'denrm/ dzinsinis audinys; leather 1'leo'Jl I : silk Isrlk! silkinis;

silkas; suede Iswerd/ zomsinis; zomsas; velvet I'velvrt! aksominis; aksomas; woollen I'wu.:r:: •.-,;Jonis: wool vilna

pattern
checked Itfektllanguotas; flowery I'flau;;lriJ geldas; plain Iplern! lygus; polka-dotted I'po .b.d. - D ' taskuotas; striped
I~tralptl dryiu()ta~, jU()~tu()ta~',tartan I't<l·.tllllanguota skotiska mediiaga
household articles
bottle I'botl/ butelis; cup lkApl puodelis; dish IdrJI indas; fork 1fJ:k! sakut6; frying-pan l'fraul),prenl keptuve; glass Iglo:sl
stikline; jar 1d.30:1stiklainis; knife Inarfl peilis; matchesl'mretfrzl degtukai; plate Iplert! lekste; pot/pot! puodas; saucepan
/'S:>:SPdnlpuodas su ilga rankena; saucer I's:>:sdl lekstute (po puodeliu); spoon Ispu:nI saukstas; string Istnl)l virve
foodstuffs (see Unit 10 Food and Drink)
we can buy
a box of matches; a packet of biscuits pakeli sausainill; a bar of chocolate plytel« sokolado; a can of Coca-Cola; a tin
of sardines sardinill dezut«; a jar of honey stiklaini medaus; a dozen eggs tuzinll (12) kiausinill; a carton of milk I cream
I popcorn; a kilo of bananas; a pound of meat svarll mesos; a loaf of bread kepalll duonos; a pair of shoes I some shoes;
a pair of trousers; a bottle of perfume buteliukll kvepalll; a tube of toothpaste; a bar of soap muilo gabaleli; a bunch
of roses
Vegetables .
Cereals .
Dairy products .
Fish .
Fruits and berries .
Herbs .
Meat .

aubergine, bacon, barley, basil, beans, blackberries, chicken, cream, dill, gooseberries, grapes, herring, yoghurt,
lamb, maize, mint, mustard, mutton, onions, parsley, pear, peas, plaice, rabbit, rice, rye, salmon, sausage, thyme,
trout, veal, lemon

2a) Find the pairs of antonyms.

1 tasteless 5 slimming 9 fattening 13 stale


2 sweet 6 spicy 10 sour 14 tough
3 raw 7 tender 11 mild 15 delicious
4 fresh 8 ripe 12 cooked 16 unripe

I I mustn't eat this cake - it's too and I'm on a diet.


2 The curry burnt my mouth, it was so .
3 Could you pass me the sugar, please. I'll put some in this lemon juice, it's too .
4 This steak is so , I can't even chew it!
5 I can't cut this bread, it's so .
6 These apples are still green and not very , I suppose.
7 This fish is almost , you have to cook it for fifteen minutes more.

3 Choose the adjectives from the list to describe each of the foods. You may use some adjectives more than
once. The adjectives delicious, tempting and nasty can be used for different foods depending on individual
taste.

Raw carrots are .


Salted peanuts are .
An avocado is .
Lithuanian food is .
Strong coffee is .
Red chillies are .
Tinned sardines are .
A lemon is .
Yoghurt is .
1 baking a) cooking in steam; used for puddings, fish, vegetables etc
2 boiling b) cooking meat or fruit in a small amount of water and its own juices
3 frying c) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at a temperature lower than 100° C
4 roasting d) cooking in fat; used for chips, doughnuts, chicken, potatoes etc
5 simmering e) the food is placed in the oven; used for preparing cakes, breads
6 steaming f) cooking meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fire
7 stewing g) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at 100° C

1 fattening food 6 a balanced diet 11 to provide


2 fast food 7 a poor diet 12 artificial additives
3 junk food 8 overweight 13 a substantial meal
4 to cut down on sth (eg fizzy drinks) 9 a hearty eater 14 ingredients
5 nutrients 10 to contain

1 Waiter, could you bring me my account / bill / receipt please?


2 The salad is not what I called / commanded / ordered.
3 This dish / plate / serving is a speciality of our restaurant.
4 Waiter, I can't eat this meat. It's underdone / underweight / uncut.
5 The prawn cocktail was fantastic. Could I have a second plate / course / helping please.
6 Have you decided what to have for your main course / food / helping?
7 It's a very popular restaurant - we should apply for / book / order a table.
8 Can you give me the prescription / instruction / recipe for this pie? It's very delicious.
9 According to my doctor I'm 10 kilos overweight / too fat / overeaten.
10 The fish was dry and overdressed / overdone / overused.

USE of ENGLISH
1 Read the text. Fill each of the blanks with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word only
once.

Food, Dangerous Food


Britain is the proud holder of the title for the fattest European nation, with 17 percent 1••.•..•....•....••. men and 20
percent 2 •••••••..••...••.•• women considered to 3....•••.••.•••••••• clinically obese.
Thirsty? Tired? Reach for a can of fizzy drink, and feel the buzz. We all do 4 •••..•.•••..••••.•• , but for many English

school kids, this is breakfast. 5 than 50, 000 8-10 year-aIds miss food in the morning and arrive
6•••..•••...•..•...• school tired, empty and irritable. And 7 •••••••••.••••••••• are the prospects for healthy eating at school?
Many schools now have a 'canteen culture', 8 ••.•..••....•••..•• kids have a choice. And when 9 •..•••..••••..•••.. bell
goes, they opt for a pizza and chips 10 .•.......•••••••••• of salad and fish. When you're still young, you feel immortal,
untouched 11 .......•..•.•....••••.• 'adult' concerns of obesity and heart disease. The Heart Foundation 12 ..••..•••••••••••••
just launched a campaign to show 13....•....••..•••..• bad habits formed when we're young are often the root causes
of heart problems when we're older.
Modem eating habits are 14 •••••.••..•••..•••. destructive. Today's children are more at risk of developing osteoporosis,
heart and respiratory diseases and 15••••••••••••••..•.• forms of cancer than their parents and grandparents. They also
face the dilemmas of eating genetically-modified food (GMOs) 16 ••••.•.••..•••••••• organic products containing no
artificial chemicals - an increasingly popular option in Britain.
2 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has a word which should
not be there, write the word next to the number of the line.

Irish Stew (enough for 4 people)


You need: 0.45 kg stewed lamb; 0.68 kg potatoes; 0.23 kg onions; 0.28 litres water; salt and pepper;
1 teaspoon chopped fresh parsley.
Cut the meat into fairly small pieces, removing of the fat. 1 .
Slice the onions. Peel the potatoes and cut them into thick other slices. 2 .
Put the meat and vegetables into a saucepan in layers, 3 .
finishing with a layer of potatoes. The season with salt and pepper. 4 .
Add to some water. Bring to the boil, then cover and simmer gently 5 .
for about two hours. To serve, pile the meat and few onions in the 6 .
centre of the dish, with the potatoes at round the edge, and pour the 7 .
sauce over the meat. Sprinkle the parsley over the potatoes. 8 : .

3 Use a word in brackets to form a word that fits suitably in the space. Make any necessary changes.
The first has been done as an example.

The Sandwich
It seems strange that the modest and (0 democracy) ..... .4~1JJ.Q~r.qtir:.
.... sandwich was the (1 invent)
.......................... of an aristocrat. The Earl of Sandwich, the head of the British navy, was a (2 passion)
.......................... card-player. In 1762, during a 24-hour (3 gamble) session, he got hungry.
So he picked a piece of beef and popped it between two slices of bread. Then he carried on (4 play)
....................... while eating what was to become Britain's biggest (5 contribute) to
gastronomy. The word soon entered the English language. In 1762, the famous (6 history) .
Edward Gibbon wrote about a restaurant where 'twenty or thirty of the 'first men' in the (7 king)
.......................... could be seen having supper at little tables upon a bit of cold meat, or a Sandwich'. Today the
sandwich is (8 enjoy) by all classes and both sexes. In fact, almost every office (9 work)
.......................... in the country has one for lunch. It is either plain or toasted, on (10 tradition) .
British bread, Italian ciabatta, French bread or Middle East pitta. Popular (11 fill) include
tuna salad with mayonnaise, prawn cocktail with avocado, cheese and pickle. Cucumber sandwiches are
(12 probable) the most uniquely British type of sandwiches.

4 Put the words in the right order to make a dialogue. Capitalise and punctuate the words where necessary.

A: must / some / have / chicken / you / more. .r.q.'! .. ,!!!-,:~.~.h(}YfU,c!.'!!f:. !fI:9.':~.~I}..i.qkt;.,!:.


B: you / no / thank. 1/ too / had / already / much / have. .. .
A: it / me / take / just / to please. . .
B: OK / I / manage/ a / piece / maybe / small / could / very. . .
A: about / a / coffee / you / before / cup / how / of / go? .
B: if/having / you / one / are / only. . .
A: take / milk / do / sugar / and / you? .
B: much / too / milk / not / and just / please / a / spoonful. .
A: you / to / what / like / drink / would? .
B: light / just / please / a / beer. .. .
A: with / you / have / tonic / won't / a / me / gin / and? .
B: kind / that's / of you / very / but / don't / I / will / I / think. driving / am / I / know / you. .. .

Starting Points for Healthier Eating


If you want to lose 1•.••.•••..• weight, eat normally and exercise. 2 •.•..•••.•• diets are hard to maintain and it's all too
easy to start bingeing. Particularly, exercising in 3•.•.••.•..• morning will help you keep trim, while late-night
snacking is 4 ..••..••.•. guaranteed way to put on 5 •••.•.•••.• weight.
If you're 6 •.••...••.. meat-eater, 7•••••••.••• chicken and fish high in Omega 3 are far better than 8••.••••..•• red meats.
They're good for your brain, too.
9••••••••••• fizzy drinks, 10••••••••.•• tea and 11••••••••••• coffee are all 'diuretics'. This means that they take 12••••...••••
water away from your body, rather than replenishing it. 13....••..... fizzy drinks also contain 14..........• phosphorous,
which reduces 15••••••••.. amount of 16•••••....• calcium your body can absorb from 17 .••.......• food. So, if you suffer
from 18..•••••.•••• headaches, 19.....•.••••• mood-swings, or just 20 ......•••.. general lack 0[21 ••••••••••• energy, try replacing
all those drinks with lots of 22 .••••.•.... water. Your complexion will get clearer and 23 ....••....• eyes will start
glowing like 24 ••••••••••• headlamps!

1 Read the text and fill in the summary with the proper words that suit the content of the text. The
words should not be necessarily taken from the text. Use one or two words only.

GREASE
Greasy spoons* very rarely appear in guidebooks, but walks of life. Poets, drop-outs*, hurrying businessmen,
they are an essential part of life in the UK, especially for students lazing around with huge mugs of tea. Some read
people living in the bigger cities. Current's Sam Jordisan novels, some stare into space, and others catch up on the
sings the praises of this great British institution. day's news. There will be young couples staring into each
other's eyes or lonely old men coming out for a change of
Cafe life in Britain
scene. At weekends there will always be large groups of
In London, the capital city of the greasy spoon, there are
friends, recovering from a night on the town. They are all
hundreds and hundreds, fuelling the population with bacon,
united by one thing: the food. They are all looking for some
eggs and sausages. These small restaurants are so common
seriously stodgy grub*.
and everyday - like baked beans or phone boxes - that they
are barely even noticed, but if greasy spoons were removed, The food
the country would be on its knees. The meals are dangerously unhealthy, and absolutely
Greasy spoon cafes are so called because any cutlery that delicious. All kinds of fried food can be bought for incredibly
comes into contact with the food on offer is immediately low prices. The centrepiece is usually the traditional English
coated with a sticky, greasy layer of lard*. It almost seems breakfast. Although it's called a breakfast, it takes a brave
like an oily mist hangs in the air, as if fat drips from the soul to eat it first thing in the morning, because it is huge.
walls. More calories can be found in a cup of tea in a good At least two pieces of bacon, two sizzling sausages, two
greasy spoon than in a whole meal at a normal restaurant. fried eggs (sunny side up), fried mushrooms, baked beans
and bread soaked in hot oil and fried. The very finest greasy
The setting
spoons will also offer several pieces of black pudding -
Greasy spoons are generally found slightly away from the
surprisingly tasty, considering that it's made from - wait for
main streets of most towns, on the shabbier* roads. Always
it - dried pigs' blood and lard.
a bit dirty and down at heel, they usually have large (grease
The English breakfast is full of meat and fat. If you want
coated) glass windows, a plastic sign with the name of the
something less filling, there's still a lot to choose from;
cafe - usually containing the name of the owner eg Mario's,
particular specialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches
Bob's Place, Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a wide
(or of course, bacon and egg sandwiches). There is also
variety of artery clogging* delights.
often a range of vegetarian sausages and burgers.
Inside they are generally clean, functional and scruffy*.
Greasy spoons have some devoted followers. Tapping
You'll see old wooden seats, tables covered with cracked
'Greasy Spoon' into an internet search engine* will bring
linoleum and plain walls. Each table has on it a bottle of
up a hundreds of entries. One of the best sites is http://
brown sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of salt
www.greasy spoon. co. uk!. With pictures, reviews, menus
and pepper. In the background, behind a chipped counter,
and stories, it's the next best thing to going to a greasy
are huge gleaming tea urns* and a steaming kitchen where
spoon cafe yourself. But of course, nothing can beat going
the gruff* chefs work their magic.
to a real one - especially on an empty stomach.
The people
In a typical greasy spoon, you will find people from all

GLOSSARY:
a greasy spoon: a cheap restaurant specialising in fried food; lard: pig fat used in cooking; to be shabby: to be in poor
condition through much use or being badly cared for; to clog: to block; scruffy: untidy or dirty; an urn: a large container
in which liquid can be heated and stored; gruff: rough and unfriendly; a drop-out: someone who leaves conventional
society; stodgy grub: sticky, heavy and filling food (slang); internet search engine: a website that allows you to search
the internet
In a Restaurant
Waiter: Good evening, sir ... madam. Shall I take your coats?
Mr Brown: Thank you. Where shall we sit, Jane?
W: Oh, would you like to sit over here, sir? Near the window!
Mr B: Ah, yes ... Could we see the menu?
W: Yes, certainly. Here it is.
Mr B: What would you like for a starter?
Mrs B: Mm ... I think I'll have the prawn salad. I'm very fond of prawns. What about you?
Mr B: I'm not sure. I can't decide.
Mrs B: Oh, I'd have the trout, if! were you. You always say that you like trout, and you haven't had it for
a long time.
W: Are you ready to order, sir?
MrB: Yes ... a prawn cocktail for my wife and the trout for me.
W: And the main course, sir?
Mr B: Veal for my wife. I can't decide between the veal and the chicken. What do you recommend?
W: Oh, if I were you, I'd have the veal.
Mr B: OK! I'll take it. And two mixed salads, please.
W: Any vegetables, sir?
Mr B: Yes. Some cauliflower, some tomatoes and some boiled potatoes, please.
W: Anything to follow?
MrB: Yes, we'd like a bottle of dry white wine.
W: May I suggest something?
MrB: Of course.
W: Why don't you try a bottle of English wine? You'll be surprised ... it's very good.

• where slhe usually has her / his meals


• if s/he often eats out
• if there are any special occasions for her / his eating out
• if it is a custom in her / his country to leave a tip to a waiter / waitress
7 Read the text about healthy eating and fill in the table.

The Food Pyramid Guide to Healthy Eating


Here is the latest diet - the Pyramid diet. Actually, it is not a diet to help people lose weight. It is a diet for a
healthy life. The Pyramid diet is very simple. Different kinds of food are placed at different levels of the
pyramid. The higher up the pyramid, the less of the foods you should eat. Bread, pasta, rice and other whole
grains are at the bottom of the pyramid. These foods contain complex
carbohydrates, which provide us with energy and heat. Besides, they are a
source of fibre, that is essential for good digestion. Carbohydrates should
make up about 50 % of your diet. Fruit and vegetables are at the second level
of the pyramid. These should be 30 % of your diet. They provide vitamins,
minerals as well as fibre. Above fruit and vegetables are the protein-rich
foods like meat, fish, beans, nuts, milk, cheese and yoghurt. They also
provide a lot of calcium. These protein-rich foods should make up about
18 % of your diet. At the top of the pyramid are fat, oil, sweets and
sugar. We should eat as little as possible of things at this level. These
foods provide very little in the way of useful nutrients, but they have
a damaging effect on teeth and should only form a small part of our diet. It is also recommended to drink 6
glasses of water a day and have daily physical activities in order to be healthy and fit.
Levels Food types Provide Percentage
1
2
3
4

8 Discuss the following questions with your partner:

• how often s/he eats the foodstuffs in the pyramid


• what foods s/he doesn't eat enough
• what things s/he eats that are good for her / him
• what things s/he eats that s/he knows are not very good for her / him
• explain why these foods are good or bad for us (eg a lot of vitamins, too much fat etc)
• what nutrients are essential for our body every day

9 Work in small groups. Design a suitable meal for your new boyfriend who is a vegetarian; for your ten-
year-old sister's birthday party; for a romantic evening; for a friend who is on a diet; for your brother on
the occasion of his graduation from the university. The meal should consist of at least three courses.

• Lithuanian national food and eating traditions. How would you describe the Lithuanian cuisine? Give a recipe
of your favourite dish.
• What are your favourite foods? Can you cook anything yourself? Do you ever use cookbooks and try recipes
from magazines or TV programmes?
• The food in your school canteen. Is the choice big enough? Are there any offers of junk food on the menu?
What would you change if you were the head of the canteen?

11 Study the given menu and then role-play the situation with your partner. One of you is the waiter /
waitress (A), and the other person (B) would like to have lunch in the restaurant.

A B
• meet the customer • tell the waiter where you'd like to sit
• ask about the main course, recommend some dish • order a starter and the main course
• inquire about the dessert • choose the dessert
• ask if everything was okay and bring the bill • ask for the bill
1 a) Andrew went for dinner with his girlfriend. However, he was not satisfied with many aspects of the
restaurant. He read the advertisement carefully and made the notes. Then, he wrote a letter of
complaint to the manager of the restaurant, covering the points in his notes and adding some relevant
information. Read the letter. Underline the sentences covering the points in Andrew's notes.

The Fleet Inn & Restaurant


Berthed at Twyning-on-Avon

Relax in <t€::
open :ili>
Enjoy steaks of<@me qua@p
<WIde select19D>ofmouth-watering desserts
c@asona~rices
Hospitable Staff / ~ci~ Se .
You'll find the Fleet Inn & Restaurant at
Twyning-on-Avon, situated some 2V2 miles from
Tewkesbury in delightful Gloucestershire countryside.

22 Church Road
Longlevens
Gloucester GL33QN

The Restaurant Manager


The Fleet Inn and Restaurant
Twyning
Glousectershire GL20 6FL

I am writing to complain about the dinner we had at your restaurant on Friday 13th May. Unfortunately, it was
nothing like what we expected.
To begin with, the dishes we ordered were not tasty because of being overdone. The steakes were so burnt that it was
impossible to eat them. Furthermore, even though the ice-cream we had ordered was delicious, it was the only choice
we could make. While in your advertisement you state that you have a wide range of desserts.
I would also like to complain about the prices which were far from reasonable. Contrary to what was stated in your
advertisement, we found everything outrageously priced.
To make matters worse it began to rain. As the system of setting up a marquee was out of order we had to move
indoors, which was hot and stuffy.
Finally, I would like to point out that though your staff were very hospitable, they came rather late to serve us.
Taking into consideration all the above, I demand a full refund. I feel sure that this matter will receive your prompt
attention.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
dltufM.w,~
Ib) What kind of language does the writer use to make his complaints and show his feelings? Tick which of
the following apply and underline the expressions in the letter to prove your choice.

The writer is:


friendly 0 indifferent 0 fIrm 0
displeased 0 rude 0 apologetic 0

2 You saw this advertisement in a magazine and decided to try the diet. However, two months later you
are not satisfied with the results, as you have realised that the advertisement was misleading. Read
the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then, write a letter of complaint of 120-150 words
to the company which advertised the diet, covering the points in your notes and adding any relevant
information.

CLAUDIA'S WONDER DIET

~se we~ast and keep it off!

- Try our new diet Nutriplan!


- We cook for you!
- Our calorie-controlled food is healthy and €licio~
- Join now and pay~or-your meals.
-Sdelivered to your door.

3 Study the checklist for healthy eating and carry out a survey on eating habits in your group. Then
write a survey report referring to the guidelines given in Unit 11 on p. 120.

4 Read the jumbled recipe (A-D) and put it in the correct order. Then write the recipe of your favourite
Lithuanian dish.

Pan-fried Chicken With Mushroom Sauce


This delicious chicken dish makes a fine supper for guests or even a quick midweek family treat.

• 1 tbsp olive oil


Calories: 296 • 4 x 5 g /150g chicken breasts
Fat: llg • 1 x 295 g can condensed mushroom soup
Serves: 4 • 1 x 300 g can button mushrooms, drained
Costs: 25 Lt • 2 tbsp fresh chopped parsley (optional)
Takes: 15 minutes • 1 x 411 g can asparagus spears, drained
• Carrots and peas to serve
A Meanwhile, place condensed soup in a small pan with the drained mushrooms and parsley, and heat over a
low heat for 6-7 minutes, stirring until piping hot.
B Place the asparagus on a plate and heat in the microwave for 1 minute.
C Arrange the asparagus between 4 warmed serving plates, place the chicken on top, then spoon over the
mushroom sauce. Serve with carrots and peas tossed in butter if desired.
D Heat the oil in a large heavy-based frying pan and cook the chicken breasts over a moderately high heat for
about 10-12 minutes until golden on both sides and cooked through.

5 Read the letter giving advice and making suggestions. Rewrite it filling in the gaps with the most
suitable phrases given below. Some phrases suit more than one gap.

I strongly advise you to ... If I were you, I'd . In my opinion, you should .
How I what about ... ? It would be wise to . I suggest that you should .
Why don't you ... ? I think you'd better . The way I see it, you can .
It would be a good idea to ... What I always find helpful is ...
Another thing I suggest you do is ... I've given your problem a lot of thought ...

Dear Judy,
It was nice to hear from you. I was sorry to find out that you feel so depressed about your
weight. (I) and I hope the following advice will be of some help to you.
Firstly, (2) keep away from all strict diets that our women's magazines are full
of Most of these diets just don't work. (3) eat more vegetables, fruit and low fat
dairy products which are really slimming. (4) have a diet yoghurt instead of a fattening
sandwich? Have in mind that starvation and crash diets (it's when you want to lose weight in a
very short time) are not as effective as a well-balanced vegetarian diet. Moreover, (5) .
avoid sugary drinks, to say nothing of desserts and other sweet things. I know that you've got a
sweet tooth but try to hold back from cakes and biscuits. Furthermore, (6) kick the
habit of having snacks between meals or late at night.
(7) taking more sport. Exercising helps to get into shape and lose some weight.
As far as clothes are concerned, don't trouble yourself too much. You dress fashionably, so just
wear what you've got and try to be easy-going and relaxed. Be yourself!
Well, that's all the advice I can give you. I hope I've been of some help to you. Keep in touch
and let me know how everything turns out.
With love,
Aunt Helen

account/;}'kauntl sllskaita carbohydrates /,ku:b;}u'hardrertsl angliavandeniai


additive /'red;}trvlpriedas (maisto) cereals /'sr;}n;}lz1(maistiniai) javai, griidai; javainiai
amount/;}'mauntl kiekis, mastas chop ItJopl pjaustyti, smulkinti (maistq)
artificial l,u:tr'frSI/ dirbtinis complaint Ibm'plernt/ nusiskundimas, skundas
asparagus I;}'sprer;}g;}sl sparagas complexion /bm'plekSni veido spalva
aubergine /';}ub;},3i:nIbaklazanas consider /bn'srd;)/ manyti, laikyti; apgalvoti
bake Iberkl kepti (duonq, pyragq) contain /bn' tern/ tun,:ti(savyje); talpinti
barley /'bu:lr/ mieziai contribute Ibn'tnbju:t/ aukoti, duoti; inesti inasll
basil I'brezl/ bazilikas course Ib:sl patiekalas
batter l'bret;}1 (su)plakta tesla crockery /'krobril indai (moliniai, porcelianiniai)
bill Ibrll sllskaita cuisine Ikwr'zi:nl virtuve (sa lies, regiono)
binge Ibmd31 piktnaudziauti cutlery l'kAtbril stal0 irankiai
bitter l'brt;}1 kartus, aitrus dairy I'de;}ril pieninis, pieno
blackberry /'blrekb(;})rilgervuoge delicious Idr'hS;}slskanus, gardus
bland Iblrendl preskas destructive /dr'strAktrvl griaunamasis; zalingas
breast Ibrestl kriitine digestion Idar' d3estInI maisto virskinimas
canteen Ikren'ti:nI bufetas; valgykla dill Idrll krapas
disease Idr'zi:zl liga poultry I'p'Jultril paukstiena
dish IdrSI valgis, patiekalas pour Ip:):1(Upilti, (i)lieti, pripilti
doughnut l'd'JullAtl spurga prawn Ipr:):n! krevete
drained Idrerndl nusausintas prescription/pr'J'sknpSnl receptas (gydytojo)
feel the buzz IbAZI (snek.) jausti malonum<! protein(s) l'pr'Juti:n/ baltymai
fibre l'farb'J/· skaidulos provide Ipr'J'vardl tiekti; parupinti
filling (uz)pildymas; pripildymas; idaras raw /r:):/ zalias; puszalis (nebaigtas virti / kepti)
flour lflau'Jl miltai reasonable l'ri:z'Jnbl/ pagristas; prieinamas
foodstuff I'fu:d,stAfl maisto produktas receipt In'si:t/ kvitas, s<!skaita
gamble I'geembll losti (azartinius zaidimus) recipe l'res'Jpil receptas; bud as
gooseberry l'gusb('J)ril agrastas reduce In'dju:sl sumazinti
grape Igrerpl vynuoge relevant I'rel'dv'dntl tiesiogiai susij«s, tinkamas
grease Igri:sl taukai, riebalai replenish In'plenrSI pripildyti, papildyti
haddock I' heed'Jkl menke rice /rarsl ryziai
herbs Ih3:bzl (vaistiniai, prieskoniniai) augalai, zoleles rich IntSI astrus, maistingas, riebus
herring l'hew)1 silke roast /r'Just/ kepti
hospitable Iho'sprt'Jbll svetingas, vaisingas rye /rarl rugiai
host, hostess Ih'Just, 'h'Justrsl seimininkas, seimininke salmon I'so:m'Jnl lasisa
immortal !r'm:):tll nemirtingas, nemarus, amzinas sauce Is:):sl padazas
increase Irn'kri:sl (is)augti, priaugti, (pa)dideti saucepan I's:):sp'Jnl prikaistuvis
kidney I'krdnil inkstas season I'si:znl pagardinti, paskaninti
lack (of) /leek! stoka, triikumas serving I's3:vrfjl porcija, gabalas
lamb Ileernl eriuko mesa, eriena simmer I'srm'Jl uzvirti; virinti ant letos ugnies
liver I'hv'Jl kepenys slice Islarsl rieke; griezinelis; pjaustyti gridineliais
maintain Imern'ternl islaikyti (esamqpadetiJ slim Ishml lieknas, laibas; suploneti
maize Imerzl kukuruzai skimmed milk I,skrmd'mrlkl nugriebtas pienas
marquee Imo: 'hi didele palapine; nuosvyra; uzuolaida . sour Isau'Jl rugstus
mint Imrnt/ meta speciality l,speSr'rehtil firminis patiekalas
mustard l'mAst'Jdl garstyCios spicy I'sparsil su prieskoniais; pikantiskas
mutton I'mAtn/ aviena spinach l'sprnrd31 spinatas
nutrientl'nju:tn'Jntl maistine medziaga sprinkle I'spnfjkll (ap)slakstyti, apibarstyti
obese l'Ju'bi:sl aptuk«s, nutuk«s staff Ista:fl darbuotojai, tamautojai; personalas
obesity l'Ju'bi:srtil nutukimas, aptukimas stale Isterll suziedej«s, senas (apie duonq ir pan.)
onion I'Anj'Jnl svogunas steak Isterkl mesos gabalas (kepsniui); zlegtainis, bifSteksas
opt (for) loptl rinktis, pasirinkti steam Isti:rnI Vilti garuose
option l'opSn/ pasirinkimas stew Istju:1 troskinta mesa I zuvis; troskinti(s), sutinti
outrageous laut'rerd3'JsI nepagristas; neiPrastas stir Ist3:1 maisyti, ismaisyti, pamaisyti
ovenl'Avn/orkaite stout Istautl stiprus porteris
overdone I ,'duv'J'dAn! perkeptas, perkepintas; pervir«s tender I'tend'Jl minkstas (apie mesq)
overweightl,'Juv'J'wertl sveriantis virs normos tinned Itrndl konservuotas
parsley I'po:slil petrazole thyme /tarm! Ciobrelis
passion l'peeSnl aistra, potraukis tough ItA£/ kietas
pasta l'prest'Jl makaronai treat /tri:t/ elgtis su; laikyti; vaisinti; pa(si)lepinti
pate I'preterl pastetas trim /tnml gerai issilaik«s; sveikas, tvirtas
pickle I'prkl/ marinuotos, sudytos darzoves trout /trautl upetakis
pile Iparll sukrauti turnip I't3:nrpl rope
plaice Iplersl pleksne wholemeal bread I'h'Jul,mi:1 'bredl rupill miltll duona
porridge l'pond31 kose veal Ivi:1I versiena

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


types of food and drink
cereals: barley /'ba:lil midiai; buckwheat grikiai; maize Imerz/ corn (Am.E.) kukuruzai; millet f'mrht/ soras; oats I
dutsl avizos; oatmeal avizines kruopos; rice /rarsl ryziai; rye Irarl rugiai; wheat kvieciai
meat: beef jautiena; Iamb; mutton aviena; pork kiauliena; bacon lasiniai; lard lydyti kiaules taukai; liver kepenys; ham
kumpis; hot dog ddrainis; hamburger mesainis; sausage l'sosrd31 desra; desrele; beefsteak; salami IS;;J'la:mi/; cutlet
maltinis; minced meat I mincemeat malta mesa
fish: cod menke; sardine Iso: 'di:n/ sardine; carp /ka:pl karpis; eel ungurys; pike Ipark/ lydeka; mackerel /'meekr;;J1/skumbre;
stuffed fish farsiruota zuvis; tinned fish zuvies konservai
seafood: prawn I shrimp krevete; crab; lobster omaras; crayfish vezys; oyster l''Jrst'dl austre; mussel/'m!l.sll moliuskas,
midija; octopus astuonkojis; squid Iskwrdl kalmaras; caviar(e) /'krevi,a:/ ikrai
poultry: chicken visciukas, vistiena; chicken broth sultinys; duck antiena; egg; egg in its shell nenuluptas kiausinis;
hard I soft-boiled egg; scrambled egg(s) plakta kiausiniene; bacon and eggs; shell an egg nulupti kiausini; white I yolk
/j'duk/ of an egg baltymas I trynys; goose (pl geese); omlet(te); pheasant I'fezntl fazanas; turkey I't3:kil kalakutas
dairy products: butter; cheese; cheese sandwich; cream grietineIe; sour cream grietine; ice-cream ledai; curds I
cottage cheese varske; yoghurt I'jog'dt/; milk; skimmed I whole milk nugriebtas I nenugriebtas pienas
fruits: apple; apricot; avocado; banana; cherry vysnia; coconut kokosas; lemon; orange; mango; melon;
nectarine; peach Ipi:tSI persikas; pear Ipe'dl kriause; pineapple ananasas; plum slyva; pomegranate I'pomr,gnen'dt I
granatas; tangerine /,trend3'd'ri:nI mandaxinas; grapefruit; watermelon arbuzas
vegetables: asparagus; aubergine; beans pupos, pupeles; beetroot burokelis; cabbage I'krebrdy kopustas; carrot morka;
cauliflower /'kolr,flau'd/ ziedinis kopustas; celery I'sel'dril salieras; cucumber /'kju:kAmb~/ agurkas; garlicl'go:lrkl cesnakas;
leek poras; lettuce f'leusl salotos; mushrooms; peas Ipi:zl zirniai; potatoes; pumpkin moliugas; radish l'rredrSI ridikelis;
tomato /t~'ma:t~m/ pomidoras
berries: bilberry melyne; cranberry spanguole; currant l'kAr'dntl serbentas; black I red I white currant; gooseberry
agrastas; grape vynuoge; raspberry aviete; strawberry braske; wild strawberry zemuoge
nuts: almond I'o:m'dndl migdolas; cashew nut /'kreSu:,n!l.tI anakardzio riesutas; peanut zemes riesutas; pistachio
nut Ipr'sto:Si'du,n!l.t/ pistaeija; walnut graikiskas riesutas; hazelnut lazdyno riesutas
spices: cinnamon I'sIn'dm'dn I; ginger I'd3rnd3'd1 imbieras; nutmeg l'OAt,megi muskato riesutas; horse radish krienai;
mustard I'm!l.st'dd 1 garstyCios; pepper pipirai; paprika; vinegar I'vrnrg'dl aetas
sweet foods: chocolate; hot chocolate; jam; honey; marmalade; sweet; biscuitl'brskrtl sausainis; cake; pie IpaIl pyragaitis (su
idaru); tartlto:t1 vaisinis pyragaitis
beverages 1 drinks: beer Ibr';)l alus; champagne/,Jrem'pern/; cocoa I'k~uk~ul kakava; Coca-Cola (coke); cocktail; coffee (black,
with milk); make coffee; juice; lemonade; milkshake pieno kokteilis; mineral water; soda water; tea; wine; whisky;
fizzy gazuotas, purslojantis, burbuliuojantis; still negazuotas
ways of cooking food
cook gaminti (valgO She cooked the chicken. make She made coffee while the guests were finishing their dessert.
bake barbecue l'bo:br,kju:1 kepti ant zarij~; boil virti; fry Ifrar! kepti (riebaluose ar aliejuje); grill kepti (ant
grotelit{); roast kepti (orkaiteje); simmer; steam; stew
ways of preparing food
prepare ruosti Wash your hands before preparing food. cut pjau(sty)ti; grate tarkuoti; grind coffee malti kav't mash
trinti, grusti (bulvil{ ko§~); mince malti (mesq); mix; peel (nu)lupti, (nu)skusti; pile; slice; sprinkle; stir maisyti
flavours and tastes: sweet; salty; bitter kartus; sour; hot 1 spicy astrus, pikantiskas; bland; mild; delicious / tasty 1
yammy (informal) skanus; tasteless; taste How does your salad taste? Would you like to taste this pie? I don't like
the taste. overcooked 1 overdone pervir((s; perkepintas; undercooked 1 underdone neisvir((s, neiskep((s; done to a
turn: just perfect, not overdone This chicken's done to a turn.
nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, proteins, starch Ista:tSI krakrnolas; vitamins I'vIt'dmrnzl
meals: breakfast; lunch; dinner; supper; snack 1 bite lengvas uzkandis; have a snack I'd like to have a snack before
going to the cinema. meal: the food taken at one time She eats three meals a day.
substantial meal/s!l.b'strenSII sotus maistas; dish: food prepared for the table There are five meat and three fish dishes.
course: a division or part of a meal Whats the main course? dessert /d'd'Z3:t/ desertas; starter 1 hors d'oeuvre /,'J:'d3:vzl
uzkandis; refreshments ufrandziai; gerimai
eating and drinking out
restaurant I'rest('d)ront/; snack bar; cafe I'krefer!; pub aline, smukle; bar; self-service 1 help-yourself savitarna; fast
food; waiter padavejas; waitress padaveja; menu I'menju:/; on the menu There was no roastbeef on the menu.
choose (chose, chosen); order uzsakyti; uzsakymas Please, take my order. What would you like to order? bill
s~skaita; receipt cekis, kvitas I paid the bill and he gave me a receipt. change gqza; leave 1 give a tip palikti 1 duoti
arbatpinigi~ Shall we leave a tip for the waiter? service; service charge aptarnavimo mokestis; treat sb to sth vaisinti
She treated us to a very delicious cake. pass Pass me the salt, please. help oneself to pasiimti, pasivaisinti Please,
help yourself to some more cake. helping porcija (patiekiamas maisto kiekis) He asked for a second helping of the cake.
portion porcija (vienu metu suvalgomo maisto kiekis) If you eat smaller portions, you will begin to lose weight. hearty
eater megejas gerai pavalgyti; have a sweet tooth / be sweet-toothed My friend has a sweet tooth. Mano drauge -
didele smaliZe. recommend What would you recommend?
VOCABULARY
1 Work in pairs. Add three more items to each list. Use a dictionary if necessary. After you have
finished, join another pair and compare your lists.

Wild mammals: dolphin, badger, cheetah, ; , , .


Domestic animals: goat, turkey, sheep, , , .
Reptiles: lizard, python, grass-snake, , , .
Birds: eagle, owl, hawk, , , .
Insects: cockroach, fly, wasp, , , .
Molluscs & Invertebrates: octopus, snail, jelly-fish, , , .
Trees: birch, lime, maple, , , .
Flowers: lilac, carnation, poppy, , , .

1 a hot day 4 a cloud 7 a wind


2 a climate 5 a spell 8 fog
3 cold 6 rain 9 weather

CI~D
cEtter~

3 Complete the collocations below by adding an appropriate noun. Some can combine with more than
one noun.

disaster fuels rainforest transport energy pollution layer gases


resources fumes changes warming effect rain jams waste products

1 recycled . 6 air . 11 clean .


2 nuclear . 7 natural . 12 sea .
3 tropical . 8 exhaust . 13 ozone .
4 acid . 9 solar . 14 traffic .
5 global . 10 greenhouse . 15 public .

humid smog sleet overcast fine mild unsettled / changeable


(thick) fog pouring downpour scorching freezing / bitterly cold

1 Cloudy air near the ground that is difficult to see through.


2 A short period of heavy rain.
3 Dark and with clouds.
4 Weather when the air feels hot and wet.
5 Snow and rain falling together.
6 Describes very cold weather.
7 When it rains heavily, we can say 'It's down.'
8 Describes extremely hot weather.
9 Weather that often changes.
10 Pleasant and warm.
11 Describes warm and dry weather.
12 A mixture of smoke and fog.

1 Insert the preposition which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

1 Winter sets in at the end December our parts. After a hard frost the rivers and ponds
are frozen When the temperature falls twenty five degrees zero it gets freezing
cold.
2 It was bright the morning, but it became quite dark later.
3 The day started clear, but became cloudy midday.
4 It looks like rain: the sky is covered dark clouds, a cold wind is blowing the sea.
5 It's a lovely picture when everything is covered hoarfrost and glistens the sun.
6 I prefer to stay indoors rainy weather.
7 Nature looks its best early spring.
8 Indian summer is a short period warm sunny weather the beginning autumn.
9 The temperature has fallen zero and it is freezing.
10 If the weather is fine, we can go the country Sunday.
11 Many people are fond winter sports.
12 It's pouring rain. You'd better stay indoors.

2 Read the text and look carefully at each line. In most of the lines there is an extra word that does not
fit there. Underline the word and write it on the right. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). The first two
are given as examples.

This week in Sesimbra in Portugal the latest conference o f. .


on the environment is being taking place. The whole o /;J,t;ing .
world is been watching to see what happens 1 .
as delegates from more than 75 countries discuss 2 .
what measures should need to be taken to reduce the 3 .
fumes that do create the Greenhouse Effect. They 4 .
hope as to agree on ways of reducing the amount 5 .
of carbon dioxide and other many gases that we 6 .
send them into the atmosphere. These gases act the way a 7 .
greenhouse does and, as a rule, the Earth is 8 .
being getting hotter and hotter all the time. The 9 .
temperature is rising gradually and 10 .
in 100 years' time the Earth it will be hotter by about 4° C. 11 .
The problem is getting most worse as more cars 12 .
make an appearance on our already crowded roads. 13 .
The solution in Sesimbra that depends on what the US, 14 .
the most powerful nation on Earth, feels it is in its interests. 15 .

Dolphins are not an only animals besides humans that use o thf? .
sounds in an apparent intelligent manner. Whales also use 1 .
a complex system of sounds that is similar in much ways 2 .
into a human language. One type of whale even sings, and its 3 .
songs can go on for as longer as three or four hours. What is 4 .
more, they can been heard under water at distances of more
than 300 kilometres.
Chimpanzees uses a system of different sounds to cOlIlJIlunicate 6 .
with each other. One type of cry is seeming to mean something 7 .
like 'danger in the air' or 'big bird' and another apparently mean 8 .
'danger on the ground' or 'snake'. The first cry causes they to 9 .
hide in holes or under trees and looking up in the sky. When 10 .
they hear a second cry, they hide in the upper branches of trees 11 .
and stare nervously at the grass.

4 Read the text carefully. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence.

There (0 be) (?r.~ a lot of reasons why it is (00 importance) ..impfll:tant to save rainforests. One is that
many plants which could be (1 use) in medicine (2 grow) in the rainforest. We (3 not /
know) all the plants yet - there are thousands and thousands of them. (4 Research) are
trying to discover their secrets before they (5 destroy) The problem is that less than 50% of the
world's rainforests (6 exist) today. The rest (7 already disappear) .
Rainforests (8 have) an important effect on the earth's climate. They are a (9 nature) .
habitat for many species of animals, birds, insects and plants. We mustn't forget that plants produce oxygen,
which is necessary for (10 live) on Earth. They also control the earth's temperature by (11 absorb)
............... carbon dioxide. People (12 not / do) enough to save rainforests. Many (13 science)
............... believe that temperatures (14 already rise) If the polar caps (15 melt) , the level
of the sea (16 rise) and cause terrible floods. We must do everything we can to prevent (17 globe)
............... warming, and that (18 include) preserving the rainforests!

READING and SPEAKING

GREEN ISSUES
Young people today are more aware of the environment I think that the Earth has a way of getting round these
than ever before. This is the first really 'green' generation. things.
But there are so many different green issues. There's the B Sophie, 15
greenhouse effect, acid rain, air pollution, nuclear waste, I worry most about the rainforest. We learnt about it in
habitat destruction ... the list seems to go on forever. geography. Too much is being cut down for the benefit of
Which of these seems to you the most important, the most rich corporations. It is difficult to replant once it is cut
urgent? Mark Farrell asked some teenagers in London down, because the nutrients in the soil are washed away.
about their green priorities. The forest houses so many varieties of birds and other
A Nick, 17 animals that do not exist anywhere else in the world. When
I'm a member of Greenpeace, and I go on any protest they lose their home, they become extinct. We should grow
marches or things that they might organise. I think the our own supply of trees if we want to cut them down to
most important issue is nuclear power. The waste that it make paper. The other thing that bothers me is pollution
creates is not being disposed of satisfactorily. This is a in the city. I go to school in London, where there's a
problem because it takes so long - like thousands of years disgusting grey smog most of the time. In the future people
- to become safe. There's no acceptable way to store it in will be working from home with computers. So there won't
that time. For example, at the moment it's buried in the be so much traffic and so much pollution. I'm going to
ground, and yet it's destroying the soil where it's buried. work from home I hope. In the meantime, I think more
I mean, we can't predict what will happen in the future. If people should take a bus, or walk, or ride a bike instead of
anybody happens to dig it up, it will destroy all the land driving in their own cars.
around. I think the government should close down the e James, 17
nuclear plants and stop producing nuclear waste. It's At the moment what's affecting us most is the greenhouse
difficult to say what should happen about the waste that effect, the climate changes all over the world, reduced
is in existence at the moment. But definitely production rainfall, higher water levels, things like that. It's being
should stop. I do think it's important to look at the issues caused by old fridges, aerosol cans ... but I'd say the main
now. Nuclear waste could potentially cause irreversible offenders are probably things like cars and coal-powered
damage. But overall I would say that I am fairly optimistic. power stations.
Obviously they should try and make things more efficient much. It's not worth voting for the Green Party, because
within the power stations, and encourage people to be they're so small. And the other parties don't want to do
more efficient in their homes. We need research and anything serious because it would be unpopular. I
development into other sources of power such as solar suppose in the end things will get so bad that they'll just
power, wind power and wave power. Nuclear energy is an ha ve to do something.
alternative, but in the long run we could end up regretting E Nadia,17
it.
The main problem in my opinion is building roads, cities,
I use CFC-free aerosols. I like to recycle and things like factories, car parks, airports. Agriculture is bad as well.
that, so resources aren't wasted - cans, bottles, papers, Soon there won't be any real countryside left. We're not
magazines, and anything like that I can find that will leaving room for wildlife to survive. Habitat is the most
recycle and that I don't need any more. I am optimistic. I important thing for animals and plants. You can't save
believe there's probably a wind of change. species by having a few individual animals in zoos around
D Claudia, 19 the world.
There are lots of environmental problems - the greenhouse I'm particularly sad about the tiger. I think it's the most
effect, acid rain, the hole in the ozone layer, and so on. beautiful animal in the world. I just love to see tigers
There's also air pollution causing asthma. And there's moving about - even on TV They're so elegant and so
nuclear waste and other kinds of toxic waste. But my strong. They used to be hunted a lot, but that's not the
problem is that I don't feel I can do anything about it problem these days. Now they don't really have enough
myself. It's all so big and out of control. of their own habitat left. Their forest is being used for
For one thing, how can you have clear opinions about all agriculture. It's so sad ifthere isn't enough room on Earth
these scientific things? You would have to be an expert for humans and tigers.
on nuclear energy, on the weather, on chemistry, on At the same time, I love cars. I'm learning to drive at the
everything. moment, and I would like a car when I get a job. I know
And another thing - only the politicians are in a position that cars are part of the problem. But it's hard to apply
to do anything about it, and they don't seem to care that your ideas to your own life, isn't it?

Which of the teenagers:


CQ.::ITI thinks the most important issue is nuclear power
I 1 I I believes that many species become extinct because the rainforests are being cut down
o=r==J thinks the government should ban producing nuclear waste and close down
the nuclear plants
I 3 I I thinks there's no possibility for wildlife to survive
~ says that other sources of energy should be researched and developed
5 I thinks more people should use public transport
6 I is worried about nuclear waste being disposed in an improper way
7 I doesn't believe that s/he, as an individual can do much about environmental problems
8 I believes that things will get better in the future
9 I is rather pessimistic about the willingness of the politicians and political parties to help
in solving environmental problems in the nearest future
10 I is sad about the tiger being hunted and loosing its habitat
I 11 I I is sure that rich corporations make profit from cutting down the rainforests
~ does something as an individual in order resources were not wasted
I 13 I I is eager to drive a car
I 14 I I thinks we should plant and grow trees for paper production
I 15 I I hopes that there will be less pollution and less traffic in the future because most people will be
working from home with computers

2 Highlight the following words in the text, look them up in a dictionary and write a sentence of your
own with each of these words.

issue rainforest pollution species


waste extinct greenhouse effect recycle
soil supply offenders habitat
3 Complete the following sentences using the information from the text.

1 Nick strongly believes that the government should .


2 There are two things that Sophie is worried about, namely .
3 James thinks that the greenhouse effect is caused by .
4 There are many other sources of power such as .
5 Claudia feels she cannot do anything about environmental problems because .
6 In Nadia's opinion there won't be any real countryside left soon because .

4 Work in small groups. Discuss these statements. Which do you agree / disagree with? Why? Such
phrases as 'I agree strongly', 'I agree', 'It depends', 'I (totally) disagree', 'I'm afraid I don't agree with
you' can be of use.
• Animals should be kept in zoos.
• People shouldn't buy clothes made of animal fur or leather.
• It is wrong to kill animals for food.

r.
/.

~.
Hunting and fishing are good, natural sports.
Governments should spend more money to save rare animals that are in danger of becoming extinct.
Millions of people starve to death every year. Governments should spend less money on animals and more
money on people.
_:. The world has become a better place to live in because of economic growth and development.

I.·r.
• The motor car was a terrible invention.
It's better to live in a big city than in the country.
Any effort to save the world must start at home. There are lots of things you can do on a personalleveI.

• the reasons why people keep pets • the threats to the environment
• the most common pets kept in this country • the ways of protecting endangered species
• unusual pets some people keep and why • the influence of the weather on your mood

6 Study the list of things that we face or consume every day. First pick the top five - the ones that you
feel are vitally important. Then in small groups discuss what you think we should or shouldn't do and
also give the reason why. Make use of the sentence starters given in the box and make full sentences.
Use the verbs like give, sort, recycle, dispose of, consume etc.

We must ... because ... We mustn't because ... We should because .


We shouldn't ... because ... We might because .., We can't because .

waste reduce emissions


rubbish avoid waste
cast-offs protect nature
plastic carrier bags damage the ozone layer
excess packaging contribute to a better and safer future
public transport be environmentally-friendly
CFCs be cruel to animals
animal tests be a bargain for someone else
biodegradable products be a waste of money
unleaded petrol be a waste of energy
bottle bank and paper bank save energy
7 Get into two teams and make a competition. Answer the following general knowledge questions about the
natural world.

1 Is a whale a fish or a mammal?


2 Which reptile alive today is a descendant of the dinosaurs?
3 Are the following trees deciduous or evergreen - elm, oak, pine?
4 What does the bee take from flowers to make honey?
5 Name as many animals that hibernate in winter as you know.
6 Which is the fastest of all land animals?
7 What plants or animals are the symbols of England, Scotland, Canada and New Zealand?
8 Name as many endangered species of plants or animals as you know.
9 Do you know any animals which are already extinct? Name them.

WRITING

Guidelines for writing reports


Reports are pieces of factual writing which are usually based on some type of research. There are many
types of reports such as: survey reports, reports assessing good and bad points of something, travel reports
etc. Reports on events or experiences are written to inform a wide audience about an event, get them
interested or perhaps persuade them to do something. Below there is a plan of a report of this type, with
questions to guide you.
What is your report about?
When / Where did the event(s) take place?
Who was involved?
Why did the event(s) take place?
What exactly happened?
What did you do?
What did you see?
What is your opinion?
What did / didn't you like?
How did you feel?

You should start your report by pointing out the recipient's name, the writer's name and the subject of your
report. To: .
From: .
Subject: .
Reports are organised in paragraphs which usually have sub-headings. Sub-headings are not used when
writing news reports. A formal and impersonal style is normally used for all types of reports. Do not forget
that the formal style includes: impersonal- not colloquial or chatty language; only facts - not insignificant
details; use of reporting verbs and passive voice.

Below there is a plan of a report which can be used when assessing the good and bad points of something or
when reporting on some general theme.

INTRODUCTION What is your report about?


How did you get the information?
MAIN PART What points do you want to make about the subject?
What do you know about each point?
Are there any negative comments you would like to make?
CONCLUSION What conclusion have you come to?
Are there any recommendations / suggestions you would like to make?
1 Read the report which a student has written for the school newsletter. Choose a suitable sub-heading
for each paragraph. The sub-headings are given in the box.

MrJohnson
(the editor)
From: Alice Brown
Subject: Excursion to the zoo

1 .. Jntr.Q.4.l!.c;(i(H1; .
This report describes an excursion to the zoo, which was organised for Mrs Smith's
Biology class. The excursion took place on Wednesday 19th September. Underwater
2 . World
As soon as we arrived, a zoo official greeted us and led us to an amphitheatre
where we were shown interesting slides of some endangered species and animals
which are on the verge of extinction. Each of us was given a map of the zoo in
case we got lost.
3 .
After that, we were taken to the aquarium, where we were shown many different species of marine life. Even
though the sharks were extremely interesting, most of the students enjoyed watching the piranhas being fed.
Furthermore, we were given the opportunity to touch the dolphins as well as feed them.
4 .
After we had lunch, we were taken on a tour of the Reptile Word. The reptiles varied in sizes and shapes, but
what really got everybody's attention was a man who was extracting the venom from a snake.
S .
Before we were taken back to our bus, we were given badges and posters as souvenirs and were invited to
visit the zoo again.
6 .
In general, it was a very busy and tiring day, but from my point of view it was extremely useful and interesting.
We all had a good chance to learn a lot about many different kinds of animals.

You have carried out a survey among your school students to find out how they think your school could
help the environment. Write a report for the headteacher of the school saying what you have found out
and making suggestions for the actions to be taken by the school.

Introduction • the report is the result of a survey


• you carried out the survey in the school
The present situation • many students come to school by car
• the schoolyard and the park near the school are full of litter
Suggested actions • more students should walk or cycle to school • a safe place for bicycles
• to organise a day out to the park to clean it • more recycling bins
Conclusion • measures would help the environment and would educate the students

It is important that everyone does whatever they can to protect the environment. 1•..•••••..•..••••...••..•... ,

everyone can take part in recycling. If the local council placed recycling bins for aluminium cans,
bottles and paper on every street, residents would be more willing to do their part in recycling because
the bins would be near their homes. 2 ••••.••..•••••••••..••.•••• , the residents of a neighbourhood could get
together to plant trees and clean their parks once a month. 3 , local schools should
organise days out to the parks and clean them up. 4••.••..•..••••.•.•...•..•.. , advertisements promoting the
protection of the environment should be put up around the neighbourhood in order to remind everyone
to be environmentally friendly. 5 , it is clear that everyone can help to protect the
environment, and they can start by keeping their neighbourhood clean. If everyone made an effort, we
would definitely live in a much cleaner world.
acid I'resrdl rilgscil!, rilgstus jam Ic5rem/ spiistis, sangrilda, kamstis
affect I;)'fektl (pa)veikti;paliesti layer I'ler;)1 sluoksnis, klodas
apparent I;)'prer;)ntl matomas, aiskus leather 1'lea;)1 oda, odinis
assess I;)'sesl ivertinti litter I' ht;)1 siuksles
bargain I'bo:grn/ sekmingas pirkinys; sanderis; deretis mammal I'mremll zinduolis
ban Ibren/ (uz)drausti marine Im;)'ri:nl jiifl!,jiirinis
benefit I'benrfrtl nauda, pelnas measure I'me3;)1 priemone
bin Ibrnl deze, konteineris . nutrient I'nju:tri;)ntl maistinga medziaga
biodegradable I,bar;)udr'grerd;)bll mikroorganizml! offender 1;)'fend;)1 pazeidejas, nusikalteIis
(su)skaidomas overcast I';)uv;),ka:stl apsiniaukt(s, debesuotas
bitterly I'brt;)lil labai, smarkiai, baisiai oxygen I' oksrc5;)n/ deguonis
bury I'beril (pa)laidoti, uzkasti(zemeje) persuade Ip;)'swerdl itikinti; ikalbeti
carbon dioxide I,ko:bn dar'oksardl anglies dvideginis pollution Ip;)'lu:Jnl (su)tersimas, tarsa
cast-off I,ko:st 'ofl nedevimas drabuzis pouring I'p:l:nIJI smarkus (apie lietl{);liiitingas
cause Ib:z/ 15iitipriezastimi, sukelti preserve Iprr'z3:vl (is)saugoti; islaikyti
CFC I,si: ef 'si:1 chlorofluormetanas, freonas prevent Ipn'ventl (su)trukdyti, uzkirsti keli,!
coal Ibull akmens anglis priority Iprar'or;)til pirmumas, svarbiausias dalykas
consume Ibn'sju:m/ sunaudoti, suvartoti profit I'profrtl nauda, pelnas
contribute Ibn'trrbju:tl prisideti, tureti itakos public I'pAblrk/ viesas, visuomeninis
damage I'dremrdj nuostolis, zala; zaloti rainforest I'rern.forrstl atogr,!zl.! miskas
deciduous Idr'srdju;)sl lapuotis recipient Irr'srpi;)nt! gavejas
descendant Idr'send;)ntl palikuonis, iPedinis recycle Iri:'sarkll perdirbti, pakartotinai panaudoti
disaster Idr'zo:st;)1 nelaime, neganda, katastrofa (gamybos atliekas)
dispose Idrs'p;)uz/ atsikratyti, sutvarkyti reduce In' dju:sl (su)mazinti, (su)silpninti
downpour I'daun,p:l:1 liiitis reptile I'rep, taIlI roplys, sliauzikas
efficient /r'frInt! veiksmingas, efektyvus research Irr's3:tfl tyri(neji)mas; mokslo tiriamasis darbas
endangered Irn'dernc5;)dl esantis pavojuje, nykstantis resources In'z:l:srz/ istekliai, resursai, atsargos
environment Irn'varr:mm;)nt! aplinka, aplinkuma sleet Isli:tl slapdriba, sniegdriba
excess I'eks;)sl papildomas, virsijantis norm'! scorching I'sb:tfrIJI deginantis, svilinantis
excess /rk'sesl perteklius, pervirsis smog IsmDgl smogas (ruko ir dum/{ bei suodii/{ misinys)
exhaust /rg 'z:l:stl ismetimas, isleidimas solar l's;)ul;)1 saules
extinct /rk'strIJktl ismin;s, isnykt(s soil IS:lrll dirva, dirvozemis, gruntas
feed (fed, fed) lfi:dl maitinti, valgydinti, serti source IS:l:sl saltinis; istaka
flood /flAdl potvynis, tvanas species I'spi:Ii:z/ rilsis, atmaina, veisle
freezing I'fri:zrIJI labai saltas, ledinis spell Ispell trump as laikotarpis, periodas
frost Ifrostl saltis, speigas starve Isto:vl badauti, alkti
fuel l'fju:;)l1 kuras, degalai supply Is;)'plar/ atsarga, kiekis
fumes I'fju:mz/ diimai, garai survey l's3:ver/ apzvalga; apklausa
fur l'f;):1 kailis; kailinis survey Is;)'ver, 's3:ver/ apzvelgti, istirti
generation l,c5;)n;)'rerInl karta, generacija survive Is;)'varvl islikti gyvam, gyvuoti
glisten I'ghsnl blizgeti, spindeti, zvilgeti teenager l'ti:n,erc5;)1 paauglys
greenhouse I'gri:n,hausl siltnamis, oranzerija threat 18ret! gresme
habitat I'hrebr,tretl (augalo, gyvuno) tevyne, buveine traffic I'trrefrk/ eismas,judejimas
hibernate I'harb;),nertl rniegoti ziemos miegu unleaded IAn'ledrdl be svino (apie benzinq)
hoar·frost I'h:l:,frostl serksnas venom I'ven;)m/ nuodai (gyvates)
humid I'hju:mrdl dregnas ir siltas (apie orq, klimatq) verge l'v3:c51 krastas, riba
influence I'rnflu;)nsl itaka, poveikis vital I'vartll gyvybiskai svarbus
insect I'rnsekt! vabzdys vote Iv;)utl balsuoti
invertebrate Irn'V3:trbr;)tl bestuburis waste (products) I'werst! atliekos, likuCiai, atrnatos
irreversible l,rrr'V3:s;)bll negriztamas waste I'werstl veltui eikvoti, svaistyti
issue I'rIu:, 'rsju:1 svarstoma problema, gincas wildlife I'warld,larfl laukiniai gyviinai, gyviinija ir augalija
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
animals
antelope I'rentI,I;mpl antilope; badger l'bred3;JI barsukas; bear Ibe;JI lokys, meska; beaver I'bi:v;JI bebras; camell'kremV
kupranugaris; cheetah l'tfi:t;JI gepardas; deer (pI. deer) IdI;JI elnias; dolphin I'doIfml deIfinas; elephant l'elIf;Jnt! dramblys;
elk leIkJ briedis; ferret I'fent! seskas; fox Ifoksl lape; giraffe 1d3;"l'ra:fl zirafa; guinea pig l'gmI pIgl jiiros kiaulyte; hamster
I'hremst;JI ziurkenas; hare Ihe;JI kiskis, zuikis; hedgehog l'hed3,hogl ezys; hippo (potamus) l'hIp;JU, ,hlp;J'pot;Jm;Jsl
hipopotamas, begemotas; jaguar l'd3regju;JI jaguaras; kangaroo l,krel)g;J'ru:1 kengiira; leopard I'Iep;Jdl leopardas; lion
I'Ial;JnJ Iiiitas; lynx Ihnksl liisis; mink ImIl)kJ audine; monkey I'mAl)kil bezdzione; otter 1'0t;JI iidra; panther I'prenS;JI
pantera; raccoon /r;J'ku:nJ meskenas; rhino(ceros) I'ram;Ju, ral'nos;Jr;Jsl raganosis; roe Ir;Jul stirna; seal Isi:V ruonis;
squirrel I'skWlr;JI! vovere; tiger l'talg;JI tigras; walrus l'w::dr;JsI jiiros veplys; whale IwelI! banginis; wild boar I'waIld 'b:J:I
sernas; wolf (pI. wolves) IwuIfl vilkas; zebra I'zebr;JI zebras
birds
crow Ikr;Jul varna; eagle l'i:gII ereIis; emu l'i:mju:1 emu (Australijos paukStis); hawk Ih:J:kl vanagas; nightingale
I'naltll),gelI! lakstingala; ostrich I'ostnt;fl strutis; owl lauI! peleda; parrot I'prer;Jt! papiiga; peacock I'pi:,kokJ povas;
penguin I'pel)gwml pingvinas; pigeon J'pld3;JnJ balandis; robin J'robm/ Iiepsnele; seagull J'Si:gAII zuvedra; sparrow
l'sprer;Jul zvirblis; stork Ist:J:kJ gandras; swallow J'swo\dul kregzde; swan IswonJ gulbe; woodpecker J'wud ,pebl genys
reptiles
crocodile l'krob,dalI! krokodilas; grass-snake I'gra:ssnelkJ zaltys; lizard l'IIZ;JdJ driezas; python J'paISnJ smauglys;
rattlesnake J'rretl,snelkJ barskuole; snake IsnelkJ gyvate; tortoise l't:J:t;JsI sausumos vezlys; turtle I't3:tV jiiros vezlys
amphibians
frog Ifrogl varIe; salamander l'sreI;J,mrend;JI salamandra; toad It;JudJ rupiize

molluscs and invertebrates


earthworm J'3:S,W3:rnJ sliekas; jelly-fish 1'd3eh,fIII mediiza; octopus l'okt;Jp;JsI astuonkojis; oyster J':JIst;JIaustre; snail
IsneIV sraige; worm IW3:rnJ kirmeIe

fish
carp Jka:pl karpis; cod IkodJ menke; crawfish vezys; eelli:V ungurys; goldfish J'g;JuId,fIII auksinis karosas; aukse;
herring J'henl)l siIke; perch IP3:t;f1eserys; pike IpalkJ Iydeka; plaice IpIeIs/ pIeksne; salmon I'srem;Jn! lasisa; sardine
Isa:'di:n! sardine; shark IIa:kJ ryklys; trout Itraut! upetakis

insects
ant lrent! skruzdeIe; bee Ibi:1 bite; butterfly J'bAt;J,flaii drugeIis; cockroach J'kokr;Jut;f1 tarakonas; fly lf1aIl muse;
gnat/nret! uodas, grasshopper I'gra:shop;"ll ziogas; ladybug !'Ieldi, bAgl boruze; mosquito Imo'ski:t;Jul uodas; moth/moSI
kandis; spider I'spald;JI voras; wasp Iwospl vapsva; tick erke
trees
alder 1':J:Id;JIalksnis; ash lreJ! uosis; asp Irespi drebuIe; beech Ibi:t;fl bukas; birch Ib3:t;f1bedas; elm leIrnJ guoba; fir If3:1
egle; lime JlaIrn! Iiepa; maple ImelpI! klevas; mountain I wild ash sermuksnis; oak l;JukJ 'tzuoIas; pine IparnJ pusis; poplar
J'pop\dl tuopa; willow I'wIl;Jul gIuosnis, karklas
flowers
aster l'rest;JI astra; bluebell I'bIu: ,beV katileIis; carnation I,ka: 'nelIn! gvazdikas; daffodill'drefddlI! geltonasis narcizas;
daisy J'delzil ramune; forget-me-not If;J'getmi: ,not! neuzmirstuole; lilac !'IaIl;JkJ alyva; lily !'IIlil IeIija; lily of the
valley 1,!IIi;JVO;J'vreIeIl pakalnute; pansy I' prenzil nasIaite; poppy I'popil aguona; ruth lru: SIrota; snowdrop I' sn;Ju, dropl
snieguoIe; tulip J'tju:hpl tuIpe; violet I'val;JI;Jt! zibuokIe
VOCABULARY

The Daily Sun is a very good newspaper. It has all the latest 1............•............. , and there is also an excellent

page with well-written and interesting 3 ........•.................


2•......................•.. of football and hockey matches.
The middle pages contain two crossword 4 ......••.••••......•••••• and some very well-drawn 5 •••••••••••••••••.••.•••••• of
famous people and events. Finally, there are always interesting 6 •.........•...•..•.•.....•. to the editor.

2 Here are some words and phrases connected with the media. Think over their meanings in Lithuanian
and then write sentences of your own.

1 to catch the news 5 to be delivered 9 the classified ads


2 a quality newspaper 6 a tabloid newspaper 10 a couch potato
3 the biggest circulation 7 to browse 11 paparazzi
4 a very readable paper 8 to be hooked on the Internet 12 to broadcast

3 What type of TV programme are you probably watching if you see the following? Match the descriptions
on the left with the programmes on the right.

1 People trying to answer questions. a) a detective series


2 Actors doing and saying funny things. b) a commercial
3 People discussing politics. c) a soap opera
4 The animal life in Antarctica. d) a comedy series
5 Guns, murder and police. e) a talk show
6 A long interview with a famous person. f) a current affairs programme
7 The everyday life of the same group of people. g) a nature documentary
8 Characters played by moving drawings, not people. h) the news
9 Someone talking about a new soap powder. i) a quiz show
10 A person telling you what happened today. j) a cartoon

presenter newscaster broadcast episode switch on / off series cartoon


newsflash viewer commercial quiz repeat sitcom announcer producer
drama comedy host interviewer documentary talk show turn up / down
~
Grintv c:&py dijD C!i.yboa;V ~
@driV"0 0..ouse mat/pad ~

1 a set of keys that operate a computer .


2 a small flat circular object on which large amounts of information can be stored to be used by a computer .
3 the part of a computer which is used to pass information to or from a disk .
4 a piece of electronic equipment that allows information to be sent from one computer to another .
5 the flat part in front of a computer which you look at .
6 a machine linked to a computer for printing text onto paper .
7 a small flat thing of plastic for storing information from a computer .
8 a small object that you move with your hand to operate a computer .
9 the flat piece of rubber or plastic which is used under a mouse .
10 the central unit which is used for processing data .

6 The digital revolution has produced changes in the English language. Here are some examples of these
changes. Fill in the gaps using the definitions.

an error in computer program a person who illegally copies software


to start a computer an insulting or unfriendly e-mail
to break a computer code a rich successful person in the computer industry
to move around the Internet

Word Original meaning New meaning

to boot to kick 1 .. fa. ,5.(art. /1..(:Qmp.lf.ler. ............


a bug a small insect 2 ............................................
to surf to ride on a board on the waves of the sea 3 ............................................
a pirate a person who robs ships at sea 4 ............................................
a geek an entertainer who bites the heads off live chickens 5 ............................................
to crack to make something split 6 ............................................
a flame a red or yellow burning gas 7 ............................................
Media Hype
The mass media (1 refer) to the people and organisations that (2 provide) .
news and information for the public. Until recently these (3 be) mainly newspapers, radio
and television. Today, computers (4 play) a very important part. The Internet (S be)
.......................... a computer system that (6 allow) millions of people around the world to
receive and (7 exchange) information about almost anything. Ordinary post (8 take)
.......................... over bye-mail which (9 stand) for electronic mail because it (10 send)
.......................... and received via a computer. It (11 be) a system that (12 allow) .
people to send messages to each other quickly and cheaply. Now ordinary post (13 refer) to
as 'snail mail' and one (14 wonder) if the postman is a job in danger of extinction.

1 I hardly ever browse ......................... the ads. on


2 Is it risky to be hooked ......................... the Internet? down
3 You can't keep in touch ......................... what's happening if you don't read the papers. on
4 It's boring - let's switch ......................... to another channel. through
5 Turn the sound ......................... , it's a bit loud. with
6 My mother always listens ......................... the nine o'clock news bulletin every night. on
7 Don't turn the TV ......................... - I'm trying to read. to
8 What time is the film ......................... ? up
9 Do you subscribe ......................... any newspaper? to
10 I have a radio, but I seldom turn it ......................... except for concerts. over

3 Fill in the gaps in the text with a suitable word from the bank given. There are more words than
necessary.

it's to were for such despite almost its comfortably


inventions was provides on about talking deny

Television is one of the most important 1.•......................• of the twentieth century. The first TV programme
2 ....................•.•.• broadcast in 1929, and by the beginning of the 1950s, 3 every home had a
television set. For the first time, people were able to watch historical events, 4..•....••••...••••......• as man's landing
on the moon, in their homes. However, since 5.................•....•.. appearance, there has been a lot of disagreement
6 ••••••••••.••••••••....•• the benefits oftelevision. Many people blame it 7•••.....••.•....••...••.. the lack of communication
in today's society. Instead of 8.•...............•....... or playing games in the evenings, families prefer to watch their
favourite programmes. People have become couch potatoes, sitting 9 ....•.•.•................ in front of the TV and
eating junk food. However, 10 •••••••••••.•••..•••••••• these drawbacks no one can 11••••...................•• the variety and
interest television 12•..•••••••.........••..•.. Nowadays, hundreds of channels are available. More than ever before,
television offers us a window 13 .............•........... the world.

4 Fill in the gaps with only one word which fits each space best.

Living in the Electronic Age


All my friends 1•••••••••••••....••••.... I know how to use a computer. We spend lots 2 •.............••..•...... time playing
computer games and surfing 3.........•............... Net. However, recently I have started to worry that we rely
4 ..................••.•••• much on electronic gadgets. There was time when people managed 5 .•........••••.•••••••... write
and think using their brains, now people can't 6 .•.....•••••••••.•••..... anything without using machines. There
7 ....•......•••..••.•••••• so many people who depend on electronic gadgets completely. 8 .••••......•..•.....••.•• instance, my
parents and many of 9...........•...•••••••••• friends sit at home in the evening and watch television. They don't
realise 10 .......••..••.•••........ all those things that television promises us: love, sex, friendship n .
not true. A plastic box can't give us any 12••.•.•••••••••••••••••••• those. I believe, that our descendants won't have
anything to do 13 .............•..•........ television. They'll be shocked 14 .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•...•• what we did with our time.
Someone has calculated that 15 average time that people spend watching TV is four hours a
day. It means that one day a week they do 16•.••.•.•.•.•...•....•..•• but sit and stare. We can make more calculations
and find 17 ....•...•....•...•.•...•. how much of our life we spend watching TV.
Of course, there are many electronic gadgets that save time, though some of them take time 18 .

I am 19 favour of some gadgets, but I am strictly against our lives being dependent
20......................... pushing a button.

5 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes that are
necessary.

About the Internet


Th e In t erne t III . compu t"er SCIence IS an open 0 interconnection 0f ne t wor k s INTERCONNECT
that 1 connected computers to communicate ABLE
2•.•.•.•.•.•...•••.••.•.• In 1996 there were about 30 million computers connected via the DIRECT
Internet. One important 3 available for the public is e-mail SERVE
(or 4 ...............•......•.... mail), which allows a message to be sent from one computer ELECTRONICS
to one or more of computers. One unique feature of e-mail is the 5..................•.... POSSIBLE
it gives a group of people with a common interest to join a 6 ..•..........•.•.•.•... list and MAIL
7 ....•............................... receive the same mail. The World Wide Web also allows AUTOMATIC
8 to create and use documents which are linked across the Internet USE
to form an 9 ••.•.••.•••.•.••••.•..•.•.•.•.•... supply of information about almost any subject END
under the sun. If you are 10 ••..••.•.•....••..•.•.•.• to the Internet, you can find particular CONNECT
information or just browse. The Internet continues to grow 11•.••.•.••..•••..••.••••••••.•• RAPID
It is 12•.•.•.••.••••••.••.••.•.•.•. that in the year 2010, there will be at least 500 million BELIEVE
people on the system enjoying virtual 13•..................•..••.•.•.... REAL

Newspaper Type Circulation Topics

The Daily Telegraph


The Sun

Probably in no other country as in Britain there are such film and pop stars, and sport. It is often said that the popular
great differences between the various national daily press aims to entertain its readers rather than inform them.
newspapers - in the type of news they report and the way The tabloid press is far more popular than the quality press.
they report it. On the one hand, there are the 'quality' The most popular quality paper is The Daily Telegraph
newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The Guardian, with a circulation of around 1,100,000 per day, compared
The Financial Times and The Daily Telegraph. These with The Sun s circulation of over 4,000,000. Of course, more
concern themselves, as far as possible, with factual reports than one person usually reads each newspaper that is sold
of major national and international news stories, with the (the readership of The Sun, for instance, is probably over
world of politics and business and with the arts and sport. 11,000,000 per day). It is estimated that two out of every
'Quality' newspapers are also called broadsheets as they three adults regularly read a national daily newspaper, and
use the large page format. On the other hand, there are the that three out of four adults regularly read a local newspaper.
'populars' or 'tabloids', so-called because of their smaller This means thatthe British are one of the biggest newspaper-
size. The tabloids - the most widely-read of which are The reading nations in the world. In addition to the 12 national
Daily Mail, The Daily Express, The Daily Mirror, The Sun daily newspapers there are 9 national papers which are
and The Daily Star - concentrate on more emotive reporting published on Sundays.
of stories often featuring sex, violence, the Royal Family,
1b) Look at the following list and decide in which type of newspapers either tabloids (T) or quality newspapers
(QN) they are likely to occur.

1 Sensational headlines . 6 Formal style .


2 Emotional language . 7 Short sentences .
3 Objective reporting . 8 Exaggeration .
4 Balanced comment . 9 Factual information .
5 Great use of pictures . 10 Celebrity gossip .

The Internet is fast becoming the contact medium for the and smell their breath,' points out psychologist Michelle
new millennium. Weil of Orange, California.
Although sitting in front of a computer seems a particularly Nevertheless, on a romantic level, psychologists claim that
lonesome pursuit, the truth is that the vast majority of people the Net is a successful medium, particularly so for women,
who surf the Net are there in search of social interaction - whose on-line affairs are conducted at a level of thoughts
real contact and companionship, not just information and feelings, not just appearances.
overload. The most fundamental law of contact on the Net 'It forces men to do something they don't normally engage
is communication. The basis is always about pursuing some in: communication,' says psychologist Al Cooper of the
interest with like-minded people or just shooting the breeze* San Jose Marital and Sexuality Centre.
about nothing in particular. But when eye to eye contact is missing, what about the
human urge to exaggerate, fantasize, or just plain lie? It's a
Connecting people
fact that some marriages are truly made in cyberspace, but
These days you don't even have to leave your room to get
there are just as many romantic disappointments. Take the
in touch with people who have similar interests to yours
case of the unfortunate middle-aged man from Boston who
right from the start. And, what's more, distance needn't be
thought he was having a steamy* Internet affair with a 23-
a problem. One of the best places to meet and greet people
year-old woman, only to discover that 'she' was an 80-year-
is IRC*, This collection of online forums or newsgroups
old man in a Miami nursing home. The question is, how
contains postings from people who have asked for some
wrong was the deception*, given the satisfaction the two
info, and answers from those who have replied. If you learn
got from the romance before the truth was revealed.
how to use the anonymous posting programs that are around,
Surfing the Net for contact, romantic or otherwise, also
you don't even have to reveal your real name or location.
satisfies our need to daydream and liberate ourselves from
Another advantage is that since no one can see you, you
our sometimes dreary* reality. Indeed it may be the closest
certainly don't have to worry about looking your best all
we may ever get to reinventing ourselves and having more
the time. Indeed, as on line goes virtual, you could create
than one life.
visual images of yourself that suit your mood or contactee.
And it goes without saying that engaging in a heavy romance Risks of the Net
on line is the last word in safe sex. Cyberspace viruses may But isn't that open to abuse? Couldn't people be misled
kill your computer but they won't kill you. and harmed? The answer to those questions is, in all
probability, yes. But only as much as magazines, pictures,
Near - yet far
videos and the like have harmed us in the past. As with all
There are, of course, drawbacks to this new medium.
other media, on-line communication does have its dark side
Ironically, the very technology that pulls most people
but then, so does the telephone, if it's used improperly.
together also keeps them apart. After a while, the safe sense
Until the Net is more carefully regulated, all surfers run the
of distance that, at first, seems so liberating to newbies* on
risk of lurkers* secretly tapping into their private Internet
the Net, can become an obstacle to letting the friendship
conversations and crackers* unlocking their passwords and
develop further. Some may begin to feel that particularly
accessing their most personal details. Navigators on the
human sense of unease that something is missing from a
Net may get into murky* waters. Still, many people think
friendship conducted via* machines.
it's worth the risk to reach out and be carried along on a
'As people, we need a tactile* physical presence to make a
wave of imagination, creativity, poetry and who knows -
complete bond. We need to see their face, see their gestures
romance ...

GLOSSARY:
to shoot the breeze: to spend time talking about unimportant things; IRC(Internet Relay Chat): a virtual meeting place
where people from all over the world can meet and talk; newbie: someone who has just started to use the Internet; via:
using a particular method to send or deliver smth; tactile: concerning the sense of touch; steamy (infml): sexually
exciting; deception: the act of tricking someone by telling them sth that is not true; dreary: making you feel bored
and unhappy; lurkers: people who wait hiding in order to frighten, annoy or attack someone; crackers: people who
deliberately break sth open to get what is inside; murky: dark and difficult to see through
Summary
The Internet is becoming the contact 1........................•...• for the new millennium. It may seem that sitting
in front of a computer is a lonesome occupation. Actually, the greater part of people who surf the Net are
looking for 2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• and 3 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• It is so pleasant to talk to people 4 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
the same ideas and interests with you. You can make 5 and get 6 just
sitting at the computer. One of the best places to meet and greet people is IRe. If you know how to use the
anonymous programs you don't have to reveal your real name or address. You can even have 7 ............•...............•
on line not worrying about your looks. You can 8 to be and look whatever you like.
But, of course, 9••.••...••..••••......•..•.•. through this medium has got disadvantages as well. A pleasant sense of
distance only at first seems liberating. Later you may begin feeling 10 •.•••.......••..•...•.••••••• of human physical
presence. You want to see your Net partner's face and gestures or smell the breath. Despite 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
of real personal image, a romantic affair on the Net is quite possible, especially for women whose feelings are
more 12...•..•••..•••..•......••..•• by words and thoughts, not just appearances. The Net makes men also do what they
usually are unlikely to do - to communicate. There are even some cases of marriages in cyberspace, but there
are quite many cases of 13 , too. Imagine how distressed you would feel if your imaginary

beloved person of 23 appeared to be an 80-year-old man or woman. On the other hand, surfing the Net for
distant contacts helps us to 14•••••...••.•..••••••••••••..• from dreary reality and reinvent ourselves.
We also have to 15 ....................••....... that the Net is open to abuse. People can be misled and harmed. But
magazines, pictures, videos, the telephone can harm too, if used improperly. We have to be aware that lurkers
can secretly tap our conversations, crackers can unlock our passwords and get 16 .•....•..............•....•.. to our
personal details. In spite of all these 17••..••.••..••••••••••••••••.. millions of people think it's worth the risk to open the
gate into the world of imagination, creativity, poetry and maybe romance.

3 Read the text again and answer the following questions.


1 What does the majority of people surf the Net for?
2 What are the advantages of communicating on the Net?
3 What are the drawbacks of it?
4 How do people tend to behave when eye-to-eye contact is missing?
5 What kinds of risks do surfers face on the Net?
6 Why do people like taking risks?

1 a meeting with someone 6 to set free


2 a thousand years 7 a disadvantage
3 thinking in the same way 8 a strong desire to do sth
4 benefit 9 to treat somebody or something badly or violently
5 to make known or seen 10 a secret code

5 Write the corresponding nouns used in the text and translate them into Lithuanian. The first has been
done for you as an example.

Word Noun Lithuanian

1 deceive deception apgavyste, apgaule


2 contact
3 interact
4 pursue
5 locate
6 distant
7 romantic
8 present
9 m~or
( 10 real ( (
\
1 slaptazodis
2 informacijos perteklius ____ RM _
3 pokalbis _____ RS _
4 rysiq priemone
5 kontaktuotojas
6 pasalUnas
7 isibrovelis
8 apgavyste
9 bendravimas MM _
10 intemeto naujokas WB

7 Give a brief talk on the newspaper or magazine published in Lithuania or abroad. Plan your presentation
following the instructions given below.

Start by giving some background information about the newspaper / magazine. You can talk, for example,
about its circulation, readership and its history.
Then present the newspaper / magazine in detail, talking about its choice 0:- : - ":;:~esand other features
typical of its content (culture, feature articles, s~orts ~ages, ad\1ert.\semems, dasslfled ads, use 01
pictures etc).
Finish by telling your audience why you like to read this particular newspaper / magazine.

• which medium s/he gets most of the news from


• what the most readable paper in Lithuania is
• what its circulation is
• if s/he buys papers or subscribes to
• what kind of things s/he likes to read in particular
• ask her / him to recall a news story that has caught her / his eye recently

9 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions with your partner.

1 How much time do you spend watching television? What are your favourite types of programmes? What TV
programmes do you never watch? 2 How many different television channels has your country got? What is the
difference between them? What channel do you watch most often? 3 Does Lithuanian TV produce good
programmes? 4 Why do some people like watching soap operas? 5 Why are so many people fond of watching
reality shows? What is your opinion of them? 6 Why is it useful to watch quiz shows on TV? 7 Some people say
that TV does more harm than good. What's your opinion? Do you think there is too much sex and violence on
our TV? 8 Does the radio have any advantage over television-?

10 Work in pairs and discuss the changes in television since you were children. Use the present perfect
tense and the prompts given below. Join another pair and compare your answers.

Example: Picture quality has got better.


• programmes in general • price of TV sets
• amount of advertising • programmes for young people
• number of channels • number of educational programmes
• picture quality • transmission quality
11 Here are some statements on positive and negative aspects of television on our lives. Discuss them with
your partner and tell which ones you agree / disagree with. Explain why.

TV has an educational value. The news and documentaries can be very informative and educational. Grown-
ups as well as children can learn a lot about the surrounding world.
It is a useful babysitter when mothers are busy doing housework.
TV is a cheap form of entertainment - you can watch movies and listen to music staying at home.
Television is a good companion for lonely people.
It is a good idea not to have a TV. Then you would have time.
Television does not affect our minds as we don't remember much from it beyond how good or bad a programme was.
There is too much sex, violence and terror on TV. The violence children witness on TV brutalises them. There
have been many cases of crime when children imitated actions they saw on TV.
Commercials for food, alcohol and other goods condition our minds.
Television will never have the impact on civilisation that the invention of the written word has had.

12a) Work in groups. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computers. Here are some ideas
which may help you to support your point of view.

Advantages
• You can access a lot of information.
• Computers can do some jobs very quickly.
• Computers let you communicate very quickly, bye-mail or using the Internet.
• Computers make it possible to work from home.
• Word processors make it easier to write letters and reports, and to do work for school or college.
• Computers make learning more exciting.
• Large amounts of information can be stored on computer in a database.
Disadvantages
• Some people would prefer to deal with a person not a computer.
• Computers get viruses.
• Software often has bugs, and sometimes computers crash destroying all work.
• Computer games can be very violent, which is harmful to children.
• Information put on the Internet cannot be controlled, so criminals can use it.
• Computers become old-fashioned very fast and need to be replaced.
• If a computer breaks, not many people can fix it.

• how long you have been using a computer


• what you use it for
• what effects the Internet has on your life

• if s/he has got an e-mail address


• how many e-mail messages s/he gets a day
• if s/he answers them immediately or not
• how many of the messages s/he saves and how many deletes
• what messages s/he saves and which ones s/he deletes
• if s/he gets a lot of spam (virtual ads) and what usually s/he does with it
• which s/he prefers: to write an e-mail message, to write a regular letter or to talk on the phone
WRITING

Guidelines for writing e-mail (email) messages


E-mails between friends can be very informal but business e-mails may be either semi-formal or formal
depending on the individual relationship and what the e-mail contains. However, all e-mails should follow
certain basic rules:
• Be consistent in style. Don't vary between formal and informal.
• Layout is still important - remember to use paragraphs and proper sentences.
• Keep it short and to the point. Always write a subject heading. This will give the recipient a good idea
of the contents of the message.
• It is better to start a formal e-mail with Dear Mr / Dear Mrs Bell and end with Regards, Yours, Thank
you (if it was a request). Yours sincerely is not needed.
• Begin an informal e-mail withjust a name Alan or Hi, Hello and finish with something short like Best,
Best wishes, All the best or just write your name.

Informal e-mail Formal e-mail


Hi Pat Dear Mr Bell
Just to remind - our school's anniversary I am writing to ask you if you would be able to give me more
on 1st October. Hope to meet you at our information about the course organized at your school. I would
class reunion party. Let me know if be interested in knowing what type of accommodation is
you're coming. offered and what cultural facilities are available in your town.
Emily I would be grateful if you let me know as soon as possible.
Regards
Alice Jackson

The advantages and disadvantages of the computer


The worldwide progress never stops and many agree that the electronics industry has been the fastest
developing industry for the last four decades. Undoubtedly, the personal computer or PC is considered
to be the most universal and fascinating tool humanity has ever invented. Still some people seem to be
against the computer even now when we live in the age of new technologies. So what are the pros and
cons of computers?
Using a computer is advantageous for many reasons. 1 , a PC is an ideal device for

students to study. They write reports by computer, surf the Internet looking for necessary information
and perform various calculations. 2.•..•........••........•..• , time can be saved using computers in our daily
life activities. You can do the shopping, pay bills and withdraw money from your bank account with a
single click. Thus, once time-consuming and tiring operations have now become a matter of seconds.
3••....•.••••......•••...... , computers can be educational and fun. Children gain basic computer skills working
through learning, drawing and playing programs.
4••..•.•.....•.•......•.•.•. , the negative aspects of the computer should also be taken into consideration.
5 , computers promote unemployment. Many jobs have been lost due to the fact that
computers can do a lot of tasks more efficiently. 6..................••....... , computers have a negative impact
on our health. Endless hours in front of a screen cause eye strain, headaches and weaken our body
resulting in high blood pressure. 7•.•.••.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.•.•. , computers can be dangerous for children as children
get addicted to them in an early age. Spending too much time at the computer they have no time to exercise
and socialise with friends. Besides, cruel computer games can make children violent and aggressive.
8••....•••........•.....•... , computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. However,
considering the variety of their usefulness it must be remembered that they are here to senle us - not to replace us.
3a) Read the sample paragraph. Choose the correct underlined words / phrases to complete the sentences.
There are many reasons why people use computers. (1) As / In the first place. it is a modern and convenient
means for working and communicating. Knowing how to use a computer makes one feel up-to-date and
confident. (2) Because / Another reason for using a computer is the time that can be saved. This is very
convenient in the workplace, where work can be done very fast. (3) In addition to this / However. our everyday
life can be made easier. Daily procedures like shopping, bank operations, communication with friends can be
done with a single click. The reason why children and young people adore the computer is the fun it gives
playing games and surfing the Net. (4) In conclusion / As a result. it seems that computers playa significant
role in our lives and people use them for different reasons.

abuse 1:J'bju:sl grubiai elgtis, uigaulioti; piktnaudziauti equipment Ir'kwrpm;mtl iranga, irenginiai
access I'reksesl pasiekti, gauti exaggeration 1r9,zred3:J'rerJnl perdejimas
addicted 1:J'drktrdl ijunk«s exciting Irk'sartr1]1 jaudinantis
advertisement (ad) l:Jd'V3:tlsm:Jntl skelbimas, reklama extinction Irks'tr1]kJ:Jnl isnykimas
affair 1:J'fe:JIatsitikimas, istorija gadget l'gred3rt/ itaisas
amount 1:J'mauntl kiekis; suma gossip I'gosrpl apkalbos, paskalos
announcer /;/nauns:JI pranesejas hardware I'ha:d,wc:JI technine iranga
available 1:J'verhbl/ galimas naudoti, turimas harm Iha:rnI blogis, skriauda; pakenkti
benefitl'ben:Jfrtl nauda headline /'hed,larnl antraste
blame (for) /blerrn/ kaltinti hooked Ihuktl on the Internet pamis,<s del intemeto
bond Ibondl rysys host Ih:Justl vesti laid<t; laidos vedejas
broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) /'bfJ:dka:st/ transliuoti hostess l'h:Justrsl laidos vedeja
browse (through) IbrauzJ vartineti; ziUrineti impact I'rmprektl poveikis; itaka
calculation I,krelkju' lerJnl (ap)skaiCiavimas, (ap)svarstymas increase Irn'kri:sl augti, dideti
cartoon Ika: 'tu:n1 karikatUra; animacinis filmas insult Irn'sAlt! izeisti
cater /'kert:J1 tenkinti (reikmes); tiekti maist'l. interaction l,rnt:Jr'rekJnl s'l.veika
celebrity IS:J'lebr:Jtil izymybe, garsi asmenybe interviewer /'rnt:J,vju::J1 pokalbio vedejas
circular l's3:kjul:J1 apskritas, apvalus keyboard I'ki:,b::>:dl klaviatlira
circulation /,s3:kju'lerfn/ tiraias lack /Irek/ stoka, stygius
commercial Ib'm3:JI/ reklama per radij'l. ar TV liberate l'lrb:J,rertl islaisvinti, isvaduoti; paleisti
commission Ib'mrJnl komisiniai pinigai; uzsakymas link Ilr1]kl grandis; rysys, s'l.saja
common I'kom;ml paprastas, plaCiai paplit«s; bendras lonesome (mainly Am E) /'l:Juns(:J)rnI vienisas
concern Ibn's3:nl riipintis, nerimauti means Imi:nzJ priemone, budas
concisely Ibn' sarslil glaustai medium (pi media I mediums) /'rni:dr:JrnI informavimo priemone
condition Ibn' drJ nI s'l.lygoti, nulemti murder l'm3:d:JI zmogzudyste
conduct Ibn' dAktl vesti, vadovauti; atlikti newscaster I'nju:z,ko:st:J1 ziniq laidos vedejas
consider Ibn'srd:JI apgalvoti, apsvarstyti; manyti, laikyti newsflash /'nju:z,flreJI paskutiniq ziniq santrauka
consume Ibn'sju:rnI vartoti obstacle l'obst:Jkl/ kliutis
content /'kont:mtl turinys ordinary 1'::>:dn(:J)ril iprastas, eilinis
current I'kAf;mtl dabartinis, einamasis overload 1,:Juv:J'hudl perkrauti
cyberspace I'sarb:J,spersl virtuali erdve paparazzi I ,prep:J' rretsil paparaciai
database l'dert:J, bersl duomenq bankas presenter Ipn'zent:JI laidos pranesejas
deceive Idr'si:vl apgauti, suklaidinti promote Ipr:J'm:Jutl paaukstinti; puoseleti; remti
deliver Idr'lrv:JI pristatyti provide IprJ'vardl patiekti, pariipinti
deny Idr'narl neigti pursue Ip:J'sju:1 t«sti, uisiimti
device Idr'varsl budas, priemone; prietaisas pursuit Ip:J'sju:tl pomegis, megstamas uzsiemimas
digital I'c;hd3\t11 'iokaitmeninis quiz JkwrzJ viktorina
drawback I' dfJ:, brekl triikumas rapid /'rreprdl greitas
editor /'edrt:JI redaktorius regular l'regjuI:JI iprastas, normalus, paprastas
efficiently Ir'frJntlil sumaniai, efektyviai, nasiai refer (to) In'hl uzsiminti apie, nurodyti; sietis
encounter Irn'kaunt:JI susitikimas, susidurimas reinvent I,ri:rn'ventl naujai atrasti; israsti dar kart'l.
engage (in) Irn'gerdy' uzsiimti (veikla) reunion /ri:'ju:nrJnl susitikimas (seimos, klases, mokyklos)
entertain l,ent:J'ternl priimti, vaisinti; linksminti reveal In'vi:1/ atskleisti; atidengti
episode I'eprs:mdl serija, dalis; epizodas rob /robl apiplesti
schedule l'Iedju:l, 'skedju:l/ planas, tvarkarastis tabloid I'trebbrdl populiarus mazo formato laikrastis
significant Isr9' nrfrbn tl reiksmingas transmission Itrrenz'mrInl perdavimas
sitcom I'srt,koml jumoristinis serialas up-to-date I,Aptd'dertl siuolaikinis, modemus; naujoviskas
software /'soft,wf:JI programine iranga urge 13:d31 knietejimas; didziulis noras
spam Ispreml virtuali reklama value l'vrelju:1 verte, kaina
speculate I'spekju,lertl spelioti via I'vard, 'Vi:dl per (biidu)
store Ishl sukrauti, laikyti, saugoti viewer I'VjU:dl ziurovas
strain Istrernl itampa, krUvis violence /'vardldnsl smurtas; siautejimas
subscribe (to) ISdb'skrarbl prenumeruoti violent I'vardldntl smurtinis, smarkus, umus
supply ISd'plar/ tiekti, apriipinti witness /'wrtndsl buti liudininku, paliudyti; liudininkas

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


mass media
mass media: means of communication which reach very large numbers of people; radio; listen to the radio; television
(TV); to watch TV; cable television kabeline TV; satellite television; network tinklas, sistema; programme
programa, laida; channel kanalas; broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) transliuoti This channel broadcasts sport matches
mostly. switch on 1 turn on ijungti; switch off I turn off isjungti; switch over I turn over perjungti Can i we switch
over to Channel 4? turn up I down pagarsinti I pritildyti Will you turn down the sound, please? button mygtukas;
remote control distancinis valdymas; TV aerial I'edndl/ antena
types of TV programmes
the news What time is the news on BBC? current affairs dienos aktualijos; commercial reklama per radij~ arba televizija..;
sports programme; weather forecast; music programme; wildlife programme; documentary; feature film I movie
meninis filmas; soap opera; serial: a story that continues from one programme or episode to the next; a series: a number
of programmes about the same situation or the same characters in different situations; sitcom jumoristinis serialas; cartoon
animacinis filmas; game show: a programme on television in which people play games and answer questions in order to win
prizes; quiz show: a programme in which people or teams compete against each other by answering questions; chat I talk
show: a show in which an interviewer and his 1 her guests talk in a friendly way about different topics
equipment
recorder magnetofonas; cassette recorder I player; tape recorder; video recorder; videotape vaizdajuoste; camera
foto aparatas; camcorder I video camera; record plokstele; a record player patefonas; compact disc (CD); CD
player; high fidelity (hi-fi) system aukstos kokybes muzikinis centras; television set; Walkman ausinukas

types of newspapers
A popular or tabloid newspaper focuses more on sensation than on real news, it prefers stories about film stars, crimes and the
royal family. A quality newspaper I a broadsheet professes to be more interested in real news than in sensation. A journal is
the name given to an academic magazine. A comic is a magazine, usually for children or teenagers.
Parts of the newspaper: advertisements (ads); cartoons karikaturos; crossword kryziazodis; the editorial vedamasis;
feature article terninis straipsnis; headline antraste; horoscope; the letters page; news I sports reports; business I
local I world news; review In'vju:1 apzvalginis straipsnis
subscribe to a newspaper or a magazine prenumeruoti I started subscribing to a Sunday paper.
daily; weekly; monthly; issue I'isju:, 'rIu:1 leidinys, numeris
editor redaktorius; columnist /' koldmnrstl apzvalgininkas; reporter
computers and computer equipment
computer; on I by computer The new information is available on (the) computer. Ticket reservations are all done on
computer. The accounts are processed by computer. computer-literate: able to use a computer; computer program;
computer programmer; computerize I computerise; IT / information technology: the study or the use of computers
and other electronic equipment for storing, sending and developing information; hardware technine iranga (prieSpriesinant
programinei irangai); software programine iranga; program: a set of instructions that makes it possible for a computer
to do a particular job; floppy disk diskete; modem vartiklis, modemas (prietaisas kompiuteriL{ telefoniniam rysiui);
CD-ROM; laptop nesiojamas kompiuteris; keyboard klaviatUra; word processor programa, skirta laisklL pranesimll.
ir 1ot.rasymui; virtual reality: the effect produced by using computer images to make places or situations seem almost
real when they are not; virus I'varrds/; database duomenll baze
the Internet
the Internet / the Net tarptautinis kompiuterill tinklas, intemetas; be on the Internet buti prisijungusiam prie intemeto
Are you on the Internet? on the Internet per intemet'\., intemetu You can read some newspapers on the Internet.
surf the Net narsyti po intemetq; WWW / World Wide Web: the system that stores information for computer users
around the world to use; home page pirmasis tinklapio puslapis; online: online services, conversations, games etc that
take place or exist on the Internet; e-mail elektroninis pastas; be on e-mail: to have a computer that can send and receive
e-mail messages; send sb an e-mail I e-mail pasillsti elektronin« zinut«; I will e-mail you about it.
1 n.ighL . 4 . 7 .
.... .$.Q.c;.(qJ club ............................ holiday ............................ culture
..... (f!.'JJJ.~L .

2 . 5 . 8 .
............................ agency ............................ custom ............................... hotel

3 . 6 . 9 .
............................ facilities ............................ country ............................ places

faraway
proper ~
crowded

E0
~to-d~
cheap unique ~
original
stunning ~-pri~ ~
expenSIve
peaceful ~
fascinating
modem ~

3 Read the following description and replace the underlined words with the most suitable word from the
list given.

Scotland is la marvellous country! There are so many places for you to see and things to do that you'll
hardly have time to rest while you're there.
A lot of places in Scotland are a(n) 2natural paradise, still untouched by men. Scotland's landscape is very
3attractive with glens (narrow, deep valleys), wild mountains and deep lochs (a Scottish word meaning 'lake'). The

capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, 4well-known for its castle and for the Edinburgh International Festival which is
held Severy year in August. Rich in history and steeped in tradition it has a timelessness which the bustle ofthe
modem city cannot destroy.
Scotland is also the land of myths and mysteries: every 6ancient castle has its ghost, and who has never
heard of Loch Ness Monster? Nessie is said to be about six metres long, with a long thin neck, a 7small head
and two or three humps. Since 1934, thousands of people have claimed to have seen this 8enormous animal.
Scientists have investigated the loch and taken pictures, but no scientific explanation of the mystery has been
given. Sightings of such monsters and 9strange beasts in lOlonelylakes could mean that animals exist that we still
don't know about ...
the river the mountains the island sea the west coast the right hospital
the garage the plane my way to work the station the airport

1 Look at those people swimming 2 There's something wrong with the car. We'd
better stop 3 Last year we had a wonderful skiing holiday .
4 There's nobody living It's uninhabited. 5 In most countries people drive
...................................... 6 I usually buy a newspaper in the morning. 7 San Francisco
is of the United States. 8 My train arrives at 11.30. Can you meet me
....................................... ? 9 A friend of mine was injured in an accident a few days ago. She's still
..................................... 10 Our flight was delayed. We had to wait for three
hours. 11 I enjoyed the flight but the food wasn't very nice. 12 Paul works on ships.
He is away most of the time.

USE of ENGLISH
1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences using the given prepositions. Some will be used
more than once.

on top of above on up in front of behind inside opposite


outside beyond at zn beside by between among across
along through down below under a(round) past off

- 12
- rr·
1 The clouds are the plane. 2 The plane is the sky. 3 There is snow the
mountain. 4 There is a waterfall the bridge. 5 Trees grow the snowline. 6 The train is
............... the bridge. 7 There is a hut the trees. 8 Two people are climbing the mountain.
9 One person is coming the path. 10 The valley lies the two mountains. 11 The bridge
stretches the valley. 12 The tunnel goes the mountain. 13 The river flows the
bridge. 14 The river runs the road. 15 A fisherman is sitting the river. 16 There are a lot
of fish the river. 17 There is a telephone the crossroads. 18 There is a line of people
............... the phone box. 19 The traffic is going the road. 20 The motorbike is going the
comer. 21 The cow is the phone box. 22 The van is driving the cow. 23 The car is
................. the van. 24 There are lots of people the bus. 25 The cyclist is the bus. 26 The
car is parked the road.

1 They live Oxford Street number 14.2 Jack works Cambridge the University. 3 I've
left my briefcase the office. I think I left it the chair the comer. 4 Meet me the bus-stop
......... the end of Weston Road. 5 They live Seal, a small village the road to Folkestone. 6 When we
were the south we stayed a small hotel the coast. 7 My briefcase is the table the
sitting room. 8 Sign your name the dotted line the bottom of the page. 9 Meet me the
entrance to the supermarket Marple Street. 10 I've applied for a job the United Nations .
Geneva. 11 Hello! This is Julie. I'm London the Hilton Hotel.

3 Fill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning of
the text.

The city of London (1 found) by the Romans in the year 43AD. During the next few years it
(2 quick) became the main (3 trade) centre in Britain. For two hundred years after
the Romans (4 leave) , the city was almost forgotten. Its full (5 important) did not
return until the (6 eleven) century. By the end of that century, the (7 govern) of
England was based in Westminster and the Tower of London (8 start) During the Middle Ages
London (9 continue) to grow, and by the time of Shakespeare it had become a (10 prosper)
..................... capital city with many fine buildings. (11 Fortunately) , most of these buildings
(12 make) of wood and in 1666 they were almost all destroyed by a fire which (13 last)
...................... several days. This was a great tragedy for the people (14 live) there at that time,
but it is (15 truth) that many of the areas which are most (16 attract) today were
planned during the (17 rebuild) that followed.

4 If the line is correct, put a tick (/) next to the number of the line. If the line has a word that shouldn't
be there, cross it out and write that extra word next to the number of the line.

Cosmopolitan Cities
New York, Tokyo, Paris andj.l;r€other cosmopolitan cities are exciting o th~ .
places to live in it. There are many interesting things to see and do. 1 .
You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You can 2 .
also go shopping and buy the things from all over the world. 3 .
But there are any serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living 4 .
is high and there are too many of people in some neighbourhoods 5 .
of big cities. An every year many newcomers move to these cities because 6 .
of the opportunities to find jobs, to study at good schools and to 7 .
receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find some 8 .
work or a decent place to live. Also, too many people in a so small 9 .
place make it as hard to keep the cities safe and clean. 10 .
Cosmopolitan cities have their advantages and such disadvantages. 11 .
Some people enjoy living in them; others do not enjoy it. Before few people 12 .
move to a big city, they should not think about the problems of living there. 13 .
READING and SPEAKING
UNITED KINGDOM
1 Physical Geography. Climate
The United Kingdom is made up of the countries of England has the highest population density of the four
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full lands and Scotland the lowest. For centuries people from
name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern overseas have settled in Britain, either to escape political
Ireland. Britain (or Great Britain) comprises England, or religious persecution, or in search of economic
Wales and Scotland. It is the largest island in Europe, which opportunities. There are sizeable ethnic communities of
lies off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. Britain's Jews, Irish, Caribbeans, and Africans. There are also long-
closest continental neighbours are France and Belgium. established Chinese, Greek, Turkish Cypriot and Italian
Covering an area of some 242,500 sq km, Britain is nearly communities. Overall, ethrite minority groups represent
500 Ian across at the widest point, and almost 1,000 Ian just under 6 per cent of the population of Great Britain.
long. The capital, London, has a population of around 8 English is the official language, but many people know
million. Other major cities include Birmingham,
Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Glasgow, and Belfast.
Thanks to the influence of the Gulf Stream, the British
climate is generally mild and temperate. While the weather
is very changeable, temperatures rarely fall below _10° C or
go above +32° C. Rainfall is fairly well distributed throughout
the year. The wettest parts are the mountainous areas of
the west and the north.
·f
2 Politics
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy. Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is Head of State, with a largely
ceremonial role. The powers of the Queen are limited by
Parliament and it is hereditary, and not elective. The House
of Commons and House of Lords, with the monarch,
comprise Parliament. The Prime Minister heads the
Government and appoints ministers (the Cabinet). Elections
are held at least every five years. The largest political parties
are the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats.
The country's long-established democratic system of
government has provided political stability for many years.
Britain has been a member of the European Union since
1973, and has close ties with marty countries elsewhere,
notably with the nations of the Commonwealth.
3 History
The people who now inhabit the British Isles are descended
mainly from the people who inhabited them centuries ago.
It is impossible to attempt here to estimate the importance
of the first early peoples - pre-Celts and Celts, as well as
the Romans who ruled England and Wales from AD 43 to
around AD 409. Over the next 600 years there were
invasions and settlements by peoples from northern more than one language. Around 20% of the people in
Europe. The last successful invasion was by the Normans Wales speak Welsh and children learn it in Welsh schools.
in 1066. In 1712 the King of England made himself Lord About 80,000 people in Scotland speak Gaelic. People
of Ireland. The uniting of England with Wales (between from overseas have brought with them their languages,
1536 and 1542) and with Scotland (in 1707) led to the cultures and religions.
union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. In 1921 Ireland Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom.
was partitioned, Northern Ireland remaining with Britain. Britain is predominantly Christian - one British citizen in
Britain is an influential member of the Commonwealth, 10 is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and there
the European Union and the United Nations. are 1,7 million members of the Anglican Church - the
'established church', that is the church legally recognised
4 People
as the official church of the State.
Although the United Kingdom is quite small in terms of
land area (242,000 sq. Ian), it has a large population of nearly
58 million. Britain is a relatively densely populated country.
1 Read the text about the UK. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 The United Kingdom consists of


A England, Scotland and Wales
B Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales.
C Northern Ireland and Great Britain.
2 Bdtt{{ais cae largest is{an<i
A in the north-west of Europe.
B in the west of Europe.
C in the north of Europe.
3 The climate of Britain is
A warm and sunny most of the time.
B mild but not too warm and changeable.
C very cold, especially in winter.
4 The political system of the UK
A combines constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy.
B is absolute monarchy.
C is fully democratic.
5 Political power rests with
A the Queen.
B the government led by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
C the Prime Minister alone.
6 How often must General Elections be held in the UK?
A Every three years.
B Every four years.
C Every five years.
7 Great Britain is a powerful state which
A always keeps its political neutrality.
B is a member of strong, influential organisations.
C is not a member of an international military bloc.
8 Great Britain was occupied by the Romans
A in 1006.
B from AD 43 to 409.
C for the last 6 centuries.
9 The smallest part of inhabitants Iive in
A in England.
B in Wales.
C in Scotland.

2 Find English equivalents in the text and use some of them in the correct form to complete the
sentences below.

(section 1) sudaryti; plotas; vidutinis klimatas; permainingas oras; krituliai; kalnuotas


(section 2) valdzia; paveldimas; vadovauti; paskirti
(section 3) apgyvendinti; biiti kilusiam is; vertinti; uzpuolimas; susivienyti; padalyti; itakingas
(section 4) gyventojll skaiCius; tankiai apgyvendintas; isvengti; persekiojimas; didokas; bendruomene; maZuma;
atstovauti; daugiausia

1 His income is quite , now that he has been promoted. 2 Is musical ability ?
3 My husband company director last year. 4 You have been chosen our
association at the conference. 5 He a team of scientists investigating cancer. 6 The refugee
............................ his chances of escape as very good. 7 The house now by a Polish
family. 8 Annual was lower last year than ever before. 9 Luckily she the
infection. 10 The group oflawyers and doctors. 11 What is the of Lithuania?
3 Look at the list of words and put them into the correct group. Each word is a river, town or capital in
Britain. There is one odd city out. Which one and why?

Ballymena Belfast Birmingham Cardiff Clyde Edinburgh


Lagan Glasgow London Severn Dublin Swansea Thames

Towns Rivers Capitals


England the
Scotland the
Wales the
Northern Ireland the
The odd city out is ...................... because .............................

LITHUANIA
Physical Geography. Climate Prime Minister and 14 ministers. The Prime Minister is
The Republic of Lithuania lies in the centre of Europe, on appointed or dismissed by the President with the approval
the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The country has borders of the Seimas.
with Latvia, Belarus, Poland and Russia. The length of the
People
Lithuanian coastline is 99 lan. Lithuania covers an area of
Lithuania has a population of 3.8 million people, 81 % of
65,200 square kilometres and it is larger than that of
which are Lithuanians. Russians make up the second largest
Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland. From
ethnic group with 8.4 % of the population.
east to west the country is 373 lan, and from south to north
it is 276 lan. The country has a diverse landscape - three
hilly uplands, and three lowland plains. The highest point
is Juozapines Hill, not far from Vilnius; it is 293,6m above
sea level. Approximately 30% of the country is covered
with woodlands. The traveller is soothed by quiet,
picturesque landscapes: hills, rivers and brooks, valleys
and woodlands, and some 4,000 lakes and 722 rivers. The
longest river is the Nemunas (937 km) which flows into
the Baltic Sea. Its length through Lithuania is 475km.
Lithuania's climate is mild, it is transitional between
maritime and continental. The average winter temperature
is _50C, while the average summer temperature is + 17,80
C. Westerly winds prevail. Annually, there are 40-100
foggy days and 15-30 days with thunderstorms. During the
colder season of the year, there are 10-15 days offreezing-
rain and snowstorms. Thaws are frequent.
Politics The state language is Lithuanian (it's the official language
Lithuania is a republic. The Parliament of the Republic or since 1989). It is also one of the oldest Indo-European
the Seimas is the highest body of state power. It consists languages. The 32-letter Lithuanian alphabet is Latin based.
of 141 MPs elected for four-year terms. The President of Lithuania was the last country in Europe to adopt
the Republic is elected by direct suffrage for a term Christianity in 1387. The majority of the population are
of five years. The Government is composed of the Roman Catholics.
4 Work in groups of three or four. Your class is looking forward to seeing a group of friends from Latvia
who have never visited your country before. Discuss together the following points:

• the places of Lithuania you want to take them to


• means of transport you are going to use
• possible accommodation for your guests
• their free time activities

5 Find out how important your country's culture is to you, and how much you know about it. Discuss these
questions and give the feedback to the class.

What traditional songs in your native language do you know? When and where did you last sing or listen to
traditional songs? What traditional dances and games do you know? When did you last do any of these activities?
Why do you think national song and dance festivals are so popular with the Lithuanians all over the world?
What other features can distinguish one country from another? Think of some aspects of 'imported' culture that
you are happy to accept, and some that you are less happy about?
What traditions and customs are observed celebrating Christmas and Easter in Lithuania? What national dishes
can you prepare?

6 Work in pairs. A foreigner has come to your town on a short business trip. Taking turns explain where the
following facilities are. The given pattern and phrases may be of use.

Foreigner: Excuse me, is there a chemist near here?


You: Yes, the nearest one is in Gedimino Street, opposite the supermarket.
Foreigner: How can I get there?
You: Cross the square and turn left into Mindaugo Street. Walk down the street as far as the traffic
lights. Then turn right into Gedimino Street, and the chemist's is about half way down, on the left.

turn left / right / into; go straight on / past; carryon / keep going until you get; walk down / as far
as; take the first / second turning on the right / left; cross
...Street is the first / second / next turning / street on your right / left; it's at the beginning / end of
the street; it's half way down the street; on the comer; over there

7 Study the spidergram and choose a topic that interests you. Do some research on the topic you have
chosen. Make use of material available in libraries, newspapers, tourist brochures, reference books, TV
programmes, on the Internet etc. Present your work to the rest of the class.

c=!0PUlation~ 0eOgraPhY~ C Education ~ C Climate ~

C Nature ~ ~~ / C Industty ~

CToumm ~ -=:: CITlIUAN~ ~ C Spom


~

C Food~ / / \ ~ CFeStivm ~

C Cities ~ ~jterature ~
Free time
activities CFamous~
people
WRITING

INTRODUCTION
Paragraph 1: introduce the subject and state your opinion clearly
MAIN BODY
Paragraph 2: first argument and reasons / examples
Paragraph 3: second argument and reasons / examples
Paragraph 4: opposing viewpoint and reasons / examples
CONCLUSION
Final paragraph: restate your opinion using different words

• The number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number o~ "nts you want to present.
• You should list your arguments with Firstly, Furthermore, Moreo r..~ 50 e c and may include the
opposite viewpoint using On the other hand, However, Others cl' , argue that etc in the last
paragraph of the main body.
• Avoid strong personal expressions (eg I know) and feelings (eg I 's abs: . w believe ..., or Everybody
hates ...) and use milder phrases such as I (tend to) believe, In my op' _In my view, It seems to me
that etc to express your opinion.
• Use formal style - do not include colloquial English.
• Do not use short forms.
• Use topic sentences to introduce each paragrapll.

1 Read the following composition expressing opinion. Correct the mistak 'rite S for spelling, WO
for word order, WW for wrong word, GR for grammar or P for punctuation.

Living in a small town


The idea of living in a small town may sound strange and °unatrac "e SP unattractive) to those who
lwas (. ) brought up in cities. As I was born in a small 0\' and spent my young years
there, I believe, that life in a rural area is lmore much beneficial (. ) than in a city.
Firstly, it seems to me that many people prefer living in a small town bee _ 0 its calmness and slow
3race (. ) of everyday life. You don't have to rush and ei' '0 c jams as all facilities
are within reach of your hand. Besides, there is more of a feeling of4comiDL' ) as you
know your neighbours and you can talk to them. Thus, close an . relationships smakes
(. ) your life less stressful.
Secondly, it is healthier to live in a rural area as there are fewer indo so there is less pollution
and noise than in a city. 6Moreover ( ) small Ol r. - suallv are surrounded
(. ) by lots of greenery and you can enjoy picturesque \ i .'•. open space and wildlife
every day. All that makes people feel more relaxed, less nervous or upse:.
In contrast to a city, the crime 8level (. ) in the co .-r:- _.~ : 100\'erand it is quite
safe to go out at night on your own. What could be better for children har.. rowing up in a safe and
peaceful 9village (. ).
However, certain aspects of living IOat a small town ( ) can be unpleasant. Scarce
job opportunities, poor entertainment, lack of privacy and limited possibiliTies 0 oeTting a good education
Ilshould be consider (. ) before deciding to move to The countryside.
In conclusion, I believe that the benefits 110utweight (. ) he drawbacks of living in the
countryside and whether you enjoy living in it or not depends on the type of person you are.

2 The teacher has asked you to express your opinion on the topic 'There is nothing like living in the
city centre'. Write a composition of 180-240 words following the guidelines given.
INTRODUCTION
Paragraph 1: set the scene (name and location of the place / building, reasons for choosing
the place / building)
MAIN BODY
Paragraphs 2, 3: overall look and particular details (Place: sights, facilities, free-time activities.
Building: fIrst look and specifIc details)
CONCLUSION
Final paragraph: feelings and final thoughts about the place / building plus recommendation

3 The paragraphs of this descriptive composition have been mixed up. Use the plan to put the jumbled
paragraphs in the correct order.

Oxford, the city of dreaming spires


~ With its mix of ancient and modern, there is plenty to see and do in Oxford. For sightseers and
lovers of culture there are numerous historic buildings, museums and art galleries to visit, while enthusiasts
of walking, fishing and boating can enjoy marvellous opportunities provided by colourful college gardens,
busy rivers and rowing clubs. Shoppers can take pleasure browsing in vast department stores and
exclusive boutiques. The catering life is equally brilliant with a wide variety of restaurants, bars and
pubs to choose from.
[[D On the whole, Oxford is a remarkable city to visit with something for everyone, and it is
recommended to anyone seeking beauty, variety and fun. For those who want to study there is no better
place like Oxford which reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide.
@[] Oxford, the city of dreaming spires, is famous the world over for its University and place in
history. Located in the centre of England on the rivers Thames and Cherwell with a population of over 200 000
it is the destination of thousands of visitors who come here either to study or experience the excitement of one
If tie lost interesting cities in Britain.
D The most fascinating thing about Oxford is the University, originally established in 1214. Through
centuries it continued to expand and develop, meeting the needs of each generation. Learners, who
arrive in Oxford, are surprised to find out that Oxford University is made up of a collection of many
different colleges and institutions, each with its own history and characteristics.

accept l;;lk'sept/ priimti; pritarti, pripazinti collocate I'kol;;l,kertl tinkamai suderinti zodzius
adopt l;;l'dopt/ priimti, isisavinti community Ib'mju:n;;ltil bendruomene, visuomene
ancient l'emI;;lntl senoves, senovinis comprise Ibm 'pralZl susideti is, apimti
annual I'renju;;lll kasmetinis compose Ibm 'P;;lUz/sudaryti
appoint l;;l'p:Jmt/ paskirti continental I,kontr'nentll kontinentinis, zemyninis
approval l;;l'pru:vll pritarimas cover I'kAV;;l1 uzimti
approximately l;;l'proksrm;;ltlil apytikriai, maidaug crowded I'kraudrdl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamas
attempt l;;l'temptl stengtis, meginti, bandyti decent I'di:sntl padorus; neblogas, gana geras
available 1;;l'veI1bllgalimas naudoti, turimas demande Idi 'ma:ndl paklausa, poreikis
average I'rev(;;l)nd:)! vidurkis; vidutinis, vidutiniskas densely I' denslil tankiai
beneficial l,bem'frIII naudingas, palankus density I'dens;;ltil tankumas
beyond Ibr'jondl anapus, uz descend Idr'sendl kilti, atsirasti
border I'b:J:d;;l1siena destination I,destr' nerI nl keliones tikslas
boutique Ibu: 'ti:kl madingtL brangiq daiktq parduotuvele direct/dr'rektl tiesioginis
brook Ibruk/ upelis, upoksnis distribute Idr 'stnbju:t/ dalinti, skirstyti
bustling I'bASlrIJItriuksmingas (apie vietq) diverse Idm'v3:s1 skirtingas, ivairus
challenging l'tIrelmd3rIJI viliojantis, idomus elective /r'lektrvl renkamas
Christian I' knstI;;ln! kriksCioniskas, kriksCioniq established /r' streblrItl nusisto(ve )j«S, pripazintas, zinomas
Christianity I,knstr'ren;;ltil kriksCionybe estimate I'estr,mertl apytikriai paskaiCiuoti; ivertinti
ethnic I' eenrkl etninis persecution I, :::: -
expand Irk'sprendl plestis plain Iplein/ IYo.:
facilities If;}'srl;}trz/ irenginiai, visuom. paskirties pastatai pollution Ip;}' . =-' e=-;:=-:~:::2.s.
fairly l'fe;}lil pakankamai, gana possiblity I,p - •
fascinating I'fresmeltII)1 zavus predominantly ~=.::~~
foggy I'fogil Ukanotas, apgaubtas riiko prevail Ipn\-e
found Ifaundl (i)steigti, (i)kurti prosper I'pro:..
frequent I'fri:kw;}ntl daznas, daznai pasikartojantis rarely I're;;lr . ~
generally l'd3en(;})r;}lil daugiausia, dazniausiai rate !reltl proce:: ..
generation I,d3en;},reIJ nl karta recent I'ri:sn
ghost Ig;}ustl smekla, vaiduoklis relatively I're d_
govern I' gAvn/ valdyti rule lru:U \.
hereditary Ih;)' red;}t(;})ri/ pa veldimas rest!rest/bii ': ur":fu~~
hi-tech I,hai'tekl moderniosios technologijos row !r;;lu/' ,-
hump IhAmpl kupra; kauburys, giibrys rurall'w;;lr;}l' , '-
influence I'mflu;}nsl itaka, poveikis rush !rAJI sk
influential Imflu'enJII turintis lemiamos itakos rush hour I'r.
include Im'klu:dl itraukti, apimti scarce Isked =ej~~k.arn:s
increase Im'kri:sl augti, (pa)dideti securing I I' 'u.;;_~_ ~.:!:"!:~~::l::is. apsaugantis
inhabit 1m' hrebltl gyventi, apgyvendinti seek Isi:k/ ici r _

invasion Im'veI3n/ uzpuolimas, invazija settlement/'se' -:c.:.


lie (lay, lain) lIar! guleti; biiti separate I' e
maintain Imem'tern! islaikyti, priziiireti, eksploatuoti soothe Isu:O/ nu..-z== =~~;;::i
majesty I'mred3;}stil didenybe spire l'spaIdl •
major l'me1d3;}1 pagrindinis, didesnis, svarbesnis suffrage I'sAfn - .
maritime I'mrentarm/ pajiirio; jiif\!, laivybos thunderstorm I .'- -
marvellous l'mu:v;}I;}sl nuostabus, zavingas thaw le':1:1 atl
mild Imarldl svelnus; nesaltas, malonus throughout Ie :
minority (maI'nDf;}til mazuma traffic jam I'tr<r - ~n:;:;:;;\)'bi'ili'
'!kamstis
notably I'n;}ut;}blil ypac transitional/tr<r Zl. - ~ IS

odd lodl keistas, neiPrastas uplands I'Apldnciz. ~Gi::=::::l:!S.. -? 'ota vietove


outstanding laut'strendII)1 ispiidingas; garsus, izymus up-to-date I,Ap ;;l'.~- S=c!.-!:1::::.5.s.. odemus; naujausias
outweigh laut'wer! nusverti, biiti svarbesniam valley I'vreli/ sJe '-
overpriced I,;}uv;}'prarstl per brangus vast/vu:stl erd\ :' =-=..:.-
oversea(s) I,;}uv;}'si:zl uzjiiros; uZsienyje, i uzsieni waterfall I'w-::J:
pace IpeIsl greitis, tempas woodland I'wu ;u:. ~~:.=.
partition IPU:'tIJn/ padalijimas; suskaldymas

ADDITIONAL WORD B
prepositions of direction and place
across, along, back to, onto, out of, past, round, to, through, towards, up
above, among, at, below, beneath, beside, between, in, in front of, inside, near, next to. 0_ -
location
in the south / west I east I north of Brighton is in the south of England. They live north or Bristol is in the south-
westof England. on the southern I western I eastern I northern coast of Liverpoo::s me western coast of Britain.
London lies on the river Thames. Newcastle is situated close to the sea.
motion (or movement)
climb: go upward The tourists climbed the mountain. return: go back When are. v' ianning to return?
fall: go downforward Leaves fall in autumn. arrive The train arrived in 1.,0 on at 14.00.
hurry: go quickly Hurry up! We'll miss the train. leave (left) The plane left Hor.a ' no at 7.00.
pass: go past You have to pass the railway station. come, go, enter: go in(to) Am. emered the room.
how to measure distance
We measure distance in inches (coliais), feet (pedomis), yards, miles or in centimetres, metr
measuring distances is widely used in English-speaking countries.
VOCABULARY

housing benefit income tax a (trade) union student grant / allowance unemployment
recession unemployment benefit family allowancelchild benefit! child allowance priority

1 a temporarily bad time in a country's economy


2 an organised association of workers in a particular job / profession
3 the most important thing
4 the situation in which many people are out of work
5 the money you can get when you are out of work
6 the money you can get when you study
7 the money you can get if your rent is very high
8 the money you can get to support your children
9 the money you pay to the state from your earnings

1 a country which has a president and is governed by elected representatives empIre


2 to rule (a country, city etc) republic
3 a state ruled by a monarch (a king or a queen) to govern
4 a group of countries under a single supreme authority monarchy
5 system of government run by a dictator independence
6 freedom from outside control; self-governing dictatorship
7 to choose in a formal way, eg by marking a ballot paper politician
8 the head of state in many modem states to elect
9 someone for whom politics is a career President
10 a government made up of several parties to vote
11 to choose someone or something by voting coalition

forgery domestic violence burglary mugging hacking


hooliganism pick pocketing hijacking blackmail vandalism

1 The burglar's presence was betrayed by a creaking floorboard.


2 The neighbours often saw Mrs Fowler with bruises on her face.
3 Three youths attacked the old lady in the dark side street and ran off with her handbag.
4 They are still holding eight people hostage on the plane.
5 The criminals were caught red-handed as they were exchanging fake notes at the bank.
6 She threatened to show the photos to his boss unless she got a thousand dollars.
7 Some drunken fans ran around smashing things and fighting other youths.
8 The students accessed the secret information from the bank computer system.
9 The teenagers were accused of deliberately damaging ten new phone boxes.
10 The wallet with a big sum of money was stolen from his back pocket.
1 My uncle's running / sitting for Parliament in the next election. Q:ed / elected MP for our
city. 3 What is your country's economic politics / policy? 4 Marc -= •
e Prime Minister / the
Minister offoreign affairs of Great Britain in 1979 - 1990. 5 I do ': ( politics / policy, but
I always support the Centre Coalition Party. 6 Next week studen _ =/ ' 'ng a demonstration in
favour of multi-party system. 7 There has been another increase f r. - - -'-' nt of crime. 8 They
accused / blamed Andy of stealing the money. 9 Stephen could no· ._- - \' = been at the scene of
the crime. 10 The murderers of the girls received a life sentence / .::-~rf==~::.. __ ~e youths didn't realise
that they had broken / committed the law. 12 Alan won his very good defence /
prosecution lawyer. 13 If you plead / find guilty, the judge will pI' _ sentence.

1 The EU is the European supranational organisation dedicat


strengthening co-operation among its member states.
2 The EU countries work together to make the world a safer pIa ~ ommon problems as
nuclear safety, long-term unemployment, industrial decline an areas of its member
states, the integration of young people into working life, disease: ~ o· illegal drugs.
3 Under the Treaty on European Union, customs and immigration agI:ee;::£,:~'- ;cd to allow European
citizens greater freedom to live, work or study in any of the rder controls were
relaxed.
4 May 9th is Europe Day. This is the day on which the EU membe _ cel~-.::~
1950 when the idea of a united Europe was first thought of.
5 Any European country can apply to join the EU but they have 0 r
standards.
6 Most EU decisions are made by the Council of Ministers which CO'llS1S~
member countries who meet regularly.
7 Central questions are decided at a higher level at Euro-summit ill
8 Influential political forces usually don't speak out against the E

USE of ENGLISH

Mr Milelock: Something awful has happened. I (1 burgle) _


Policeman: When (2 it happen) ?
Mr M: Just this afternoon. They (3 must get) in while I I
P: Could you tell us what things (5 they take) _
Mr M: I lost some antique (6 paint) , a laser
portable CD-player. Apart from that, a black leather ~ . \'hich (8 obvious)
.................................. the criminals (9 take) __ - ~ --' =5 away in. And I
(10 find) my place just (11 complete) ._. upside down
and the rooms (12 total) devastat he (13 furnish)
.................................. and (14 tear) ~: 15 must think)
.................................. that the money (16 hide) _ .. _. ~ ~ most (17 stress)
.................................. thing is to think that my own private life 1
in some ways and that someone (19 be) . ouse, (20 look)
.................................. through all of my private papers, addre ses ~::::. sruff and ...
P: How (21 they break) into the house?
Mr M: Well, the person must have got into the sitting-room by (22 fa
windows.
2 Read the text and think of the word which fits each space best. Use only one word in each space.

Good evening, and here is the Eight O'clock News.


There is no 1..•................ news about the famous Lanstable painting, Norfolk Sunset, 2...•...........••.... was
stolen last night 3 ....•....•..•••.•.. the National Gallery. The painting, which 4 worth half a million
pounds, was given 5 the gallery in 1978. It hasn't 6 found yet, and all airports and
ports 7 ••••••••.•••••••••• being watched. Cars and trucks are 8 ••••••••••••••••••• searched. A reward of $10,000 has
been offered 9 ..•••••••.••••••••• the information.
Two of the four accused men 10 ..............••.•. convicted at yesterday's trial. 11••••... .'..••••••.•• the trial, the jury sat
12 silence and listened 13 ...•............... all the evidence. They were not allowed to interrupt
14 ••••••••••••...••.. witnesses. Although the lawyer defended the accused men 15•••••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.• well, they were still
found guilty 16 the jury. Judge George Patt sentenced 17 to three years in prison.
They'll probably be released 18•.••••.••••.••••••. two years. The 19••••••••.••••.•.••• accused men were acquitted and
left the courtroom smiling and happy.

1 My handbag wavit.Qlf;r! at the concert yesterday. acquit


2 So far only two of the six accused men at the trial. burgle
3 Last night this bank by an armed gang. convict
4 The company promised that he by the best lawyer. defend
5 No one knew that he by the judge to ten years in prison. mug
6 The man left the courtroom happy and smiling because he . release
7 The sentenced man probably in three years. rob
8 An old lady by a gang of youths in the park. sentence
9 Their country house twice this year. -Steat-:
10 The plane while on the flight to Delhi. hijack

1 Charles said that he hadn't punched the girl.


Charles denied .
2 'I forged my father's signature', said Arthur.
Arthur admitted .
3 Harry stole 10 000 pounds and was arrested.
Harry was arrested .
4 'We saw the accused break into the house', said the witnesses.
The witnesses stated ; .
5 'You can't park here'.
The police officer told us .
6 Calling the police isn't any good.
It 's .
7 My advice is to inform the police.
I think you'd .
8 There didn't use to be so much crime in our area in the past.
There is much .
9 It's difficult to see so many beggars on the streets.
I find it .
10 The local people identified one of the victims.
One of the victims .
READING and SPE.AlCC'G
1 Eight sentences have been removed from the text. From sentenc _ -I oose the one which fits the
appropriate gap. Write the letter of the sentence next to the n r 1· of the gap. There is one
extra sentence you do not need.

A But when the messages continued to arrive, Nicola found it diffi


study from home.
B I stopped going out because I felt so scared.
C If someone violates that, it's as if they are attacking you persona11.·.
n Normally the sender's name is listed at the end of the message.
E People are being caught and punished for this crime, so it's imPOllUlJl(
F Her phone is like her best friend packed into a cute little plasti
G New figures from research company NOP show thousands of tee rims of text bullying.
H Like Nicola, Hayley Saunders, 14, had to study for her GCSEs a ..., ,-~ be was getting dozens of
abusive text messages each day and couldn't concentrate.
I Hayley used to take her mobile phone to school.

Think again. A terrifying new trend for text message pupils sneak a er Deborah says, 'You hear
bullying could turn the hotline to your mates into the bane about young . g suicide because of problems
of your life. By Katie Aston. like these. P '. seem a realise how serious it is'.
Mobile pho ~ - : -...,.:0 ·ggered such a sense of hope-
Jessica Hansard has been glued to her mobile phone
lessness in I' oyez Gail Jones that the Merseyside
since her parents bought it for her 16th birthday last year.
schoolgirl killed b 1:.- overdosing on paracetamol. She
She loves texting her friends - at college, on the bus, in her
had been torme onths by anonymous messages,
bedroom, anywhere. 1 .
receiving up to _0 in half an hour. The police had asked her
So imagine her shock when, a couple of months ago,
not to change the number or get rid of her phone in an
she opened her messages to find 'Die bitch!' shouting back
attempt to catch the culprit.
at her angry black letters. 'At first I thought it must be a
'It's the feeling of no escape that's so distressing',
mistake or a sick joke so I didn't do anything', she says.
believes psychologist Dr Anu Sayal-Bennet. 'For many
'But the messages kept coming, getting more threatening,
people, a mobile phone is almost an extension of themselves.
saying they knew where I lived. 2 I didn't even feel
6 And of course they can get at you anywhere,
safe at home'.
any time. Text bullying is an invisible crime and fear of the
Jessica eventually told her dad, who rang the number
unknown is the worst fear of all'.
and told the person on the other end to stop or he would
So how can you protect yourself from text bullies? First,
phone the police. The phone went dead. 'The messages have
if you get any weird messages, tell someone. Only six out
stopped, but I still feel scared. I have no idea who was behind
of ten young victims tell a parent, a teacher or the police,
it all', says Jessica. 'Every time my phone bleeps I feel sick'.
but you should. As support website bullying. com explains:
And Jessica isn't alone. 3 Of 3.6 million school-
'It is a criminal offence to send offensive or threatening
age mobile owners, 14% have received a deliberately hurtful
phone messages and, if it continues, it can amount to
call or message. Even scarier, text bullying is at its worst
harassment. The poli g an do take action'.

among 14 to 16-year-olds, with one in five receiving a nasty


It is difficult to track down the bullies, but because all text
call or message.
messages are processed through central call centres (unlike
Nicola Wilson, 15, from Grindleton in Lancashire, was
voice calls). it's not impossible. 7 If they have
bombarded with threatening messages. '1 was terrified when
sent it from a \vebs'te \" a --ers free anonymous text
I got the first message', she remembers. 'I was babysitting
messaging via the net, he \"eos'te's name will usually be
on my own and it'said, 'I am watching you'. I thought some-
displayed, and the police should be able to track the sender
one was going to murder me'. Nicola realised a group of
with the help of the site's managers.
girls in her year at school were responsible when they started
Detective Inspector Hamish Brown of New Scotland Yard
to send messages that were the same as what they were
is keen to encourage victims to come forward. 'Senders of
saying to her at school. 'It was almost a relief to find out it
maticious tex.t messages can be arrested and face up to five
was them', she says. 4 .
years in prison if they give the victim the cause to fear for
'It was hard to study with no teachers, and I am sure it
their life. 8 Just remember that the message is
affected my grades. I had to take my GCSEs in a school for
evidence, so you must save it' .
disadvantaged children. The police went to see the girls
It's reassuring to know that, although textual harassment
who did it, and they've stopped it now, but I'm really angry
is a sinister, often secret activity, there is help for victims.
at what they put me through.'
Sending malicious m -- c.i""'. ~.:. _. __ e. Make sure you don't
5 Mobiles are banned at Hayley's school, but
If''.t thf".m p-~t ;]W;]V with iT.
1 texting her friends ... 6 pupils sneak them in ...
2 went dead ... 7 they can get at you anywhere ...
3 text bullying is at its worst ... 8 to track down the bullies ...
4 on my own ... 9 to come forward ...
5 were the same as what they were saying ... 10 don't let them get away with it ...

1 Jessica was terrified when she received the first message.


2 text message bullying is widely spread among 14 to 16-year olds.
3 there were cases when mobile phone bullying influenced teenagers' studies.
4 many people find text bullying similar to an unpredictable assault.
5 if you report the fact of text bullying to the police, there's a great possibility to detect the bullies.

4 Have you ever experienced bullying? Work in groups. Discuss different forms of bullying and the ways of
dealing with this problem. Share your experiences and present your opinion to the class. The phrases
given in the box might be useful for your presentation.

Bullying can be: • physical (hitting, pushing or kicking)


• verbal (name calling or teasing)
• emotional (not talking to someone, humiliating or annoying them)

a victim of bullying a bully fight back


bully younger kids young offenders be (severely) bullied
worry about bullying encourage ignore the problem
report bullying / being bullied force sb to do sth
have (frightening) experience of being bullied
most cases / incidents of bullying happen / occur (at school, travelling to / from school)

5 Work in pairs or small groups. Make a list of the 5 most common types of crimes in Lithuania nowadays.
Indicate the type of punishment that you suggest and explain the reasons why these crimes are committed.
Then comment on your list and compare it with the one of your friend. Provide solutions for reducing
crime in your area. Consult the additional word bank and the phrases below if necessary.

types of crimes: drink driving, pickpocketing, speeding, forgery, rape, joyriding, a minor / serious criminal
offence, drug-related crimes
types of punishment: to fine sb for (doing) sth, to get a light / severe sentence, to imprison sb for (seven)
years, to charge sb with (doing) sth, to take into custody
ways of preventing crime: to patrol an area, to report a crime to the police, to promote neighbourhood watch
schemes, to install a network of cameras scanning a crowd of people (in a street / shop etc), to keep an eye
on sth

6 Read the text and fill in the gaps in the sentences given below.

Government in the United Kingdom and the United States of America


The political system of the United Kingdom combines monarchy with parliamentary democracy. The UK
consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London, the capital, is the centre of
government for the whole of Britain, but local authorities are partly responsible for education, health care, the
police and other things. Laws are made by Parliament. There are two chambers ('houses'): the House of
Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords consists of about 1000 hereditary members and has
little power. 650 members of the House of Commons are called MPs; a Member of Parliament is elected by the
people from a particular area (constituency). Parliamentary elections are held every five years or less. The
leader of the majority party in Parliament becomes Prime Minister, and he or she chooses the MPs who will run
the different departments ofthe government - the ministers. The Prime Minister and the most important ministers
make up the Cabinet, which is the real government of the country. -:;-- :: -~ main political parties: the
Labour Party (left-wing), the Conservative Party (right-wing), and the -=:-LiberalAlliance (centre).
Britain has a ceremonial Head of State, the King or Queen, who has - -;
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of - :-."'<C =....:-:- -" has its own government
and constitution and is joined to the others by a federal govern me 3_ - - tion the government of
the nation is entrusted to three separate authorities: the Executi ve, the =..e.: . - - .; :.::" Judicial. The executive
power is given to the President, who holds his office for a term of - _. - is "lected together with the
Vice-President. A presidential candidate must be at least 35 years ~ :. native-born American
citizen. The President's job includes suggesting laws to the Congress. :;' g laws. The President
is also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Presiden .- -= --- :- !icy of the USA, and
meets foreign heads of states for talks. The job also includes ap eral officials, such as
judges and ambassadors. Official residences include The White Ho -~ in Florida. The whole
legislative power in the USA is given to the Congress. There are \ 0 - - - -. -'S Congress: the Senate
and the House of Representatives. The Senate is entrusted with . -. - .:::or rejecting all treaties
made by the President. There are two main political parties: the Re:=- ---= - _ . the Democratic Party.

Parliament in the UK consists of two 1...................•....... : the H ....::~ :- d the House of Lords.
In the House of Commons there are 650 2 •••••.•.....•....•.•.••••.. , each.:- - =' ~._ The
ruling party in the Parliament is the one which gains a 4 ••.................•••• __ .: . figure in that party
is called the 5 The Commons is elected for a ma..'ti2 .: _.- although
the Prime Minister may call a general election at any time within
The USA is 7 .•.••.•....•.••..••••••••• consisting of 50 states. The eO =::-- tion is entrusted to
8 The President is elected for 9 ..•..............•.•• _. ~ -; _ ~~:' ent's job includes
10 •.••••••••••.•.•••••.•••.•.• There are two chambers in the US Congres:: ::... . . The Senate can
12

1 Where was democracy first developed?


2 Do you know who the Mayor of your town is?
3 Name the President and the ex-Presidents of Lithuania?
4 What politicians represent you in local and national government?
5 What are the main political parties in your country? (the Con :- - Party, the Liberal
Democrats, the Socialists, the Communist Party, the Centre Coali . - . _' !ican Party etc)
6 Which is the oldest parliament in the world?
7 Name two monarchies.
8 What do these political abbreviations stand for - MP, PM, UN, EC _-.-::
9 Where are the headquarters of the EU?
10 Which six countries were the first members of the EU?

8 Tell your partner which three things from the list below worry yo
explain why. Then talk about the things you are optimistic about.

• lack of morality in our society (corruption in politics, financial ID.25.e --_..:: overimportance of
money; total indifference towards others; domestic, drug-related -- )
• globalization of economy and culture
• environmental pollution
• natural disasters (flooding, famine, drought etc)
• the growth of population
• long-term unemployment
• racial and religious intolerance
• new incurable diseases
• genetically modified food
• something else?
• why it is important for Lithuania to be a member of international organisations (NATO, the ED)
• what the benefits and shortcomings of being a member of the ED are
• what peacekeeping operations our country participates in
• which is better: to vote or abstain from voting? Why?
• if the government takes good care of disad vantaged families, ageing, disabled and unemployed people
• if there are any voluntary organisations providing help to the elderly people in your area
• if the quality of life is getting better or worse
• why families with a high standard of living feel more socially secure than the ones living on low or
below-average incomes

In my opinion, . I'm not sure I agree , Regarding the fact that ,


Well, I suppose . As far as I know , From my point of view, .
However, . I assume that . Taking into account .
Despite the fact that . To my mind, . In spite of the fact that .

WRITING

1 Read the composition expressing opinion and label the paragraphs with the headings below. Then write
your composition expressing opinion. Use the suggested tasks for writing on pg. 158.

• second argument and reasons • first argument and reasons


• restatement of opinion • opposing viewpoints

Should teenagers be sent to prison?


As we enter the age of globalisation and new technologies, we are faced with new
social problems. One of them is juvenile crime and a great number of teenagers in
prison. In my view, teenagers should not be sent to prison for a number of reasons.
For a start, once in prison, young people are exposed to many dangers. They are
forced to socialise with professional criminals who have a negative influence on
teenagers. Therefore, they may also become more aggressive and learn how to commit
even more serious crimes. Moreover, these young people may get addicted to drugs
and are likely to become more difficult as they are taken away from their families
and friends. As a result, the life of a teenager behind bars becomes a vicious circle
of crime.
Another serious point worth mentioning is that once out of prison these
teenagers find it difficult to get a good job. It becomes almost impossible because
of the criminal records which will follow the teenager forever. Despite the fact
that they have a chance to learn new skills while in prison, many employers
simply refuse to employ ex-criminals. For this reason, teenagers who have served
a sentence have minimal chances of finding a good job.
However, the opponents say that imprisonment keeps teenagers off the streets
and stops them from committing more crimes. They strongly believe that locking
young people up is the experience which will be unpleasant for them and they
will hopefully learn their lesson.
In conclusion, I believe that prison is not suitable for young offenders
because it can do more harm than good.
Guidelines for writing a composition providing solutions
INTRODUCTION
Paragraph 1: state the problem(s)
MAIN BODY
Paragraph 2: first suggestion and result / consequences
Paragraph 3*: second suggestion and result / consequen e:
CONCLUSION
Final paragraph: summarise your opinion or give the best sucge- 'on and result
*The number of the paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of sugge rio you~" : 0 make.

• Writing a composition providing solutions you should state the pro Ie learly, then present your
suggestions and the expected results or consequences these sugge"o mich have.
• Use formal language - do not include colloquial English, do not use short . - avoid personal expressions.
• Start each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarises '.\ha[ graph is about.
• Use appropriate linking words and phrases given below to show me 0 tion between paragraphs
and within a paragraph as well.
Expressing cause: since, the reason for / why ... is that ... , because 0 /o;;ing to / due to
Expressing effect: so / consequently, as a result / consequence, he resulI of would be
Expressing purpose: with the purpose of(+ ing) ... , so as / in order (lUJ) to , so that ...
Expressing probability / possibility: ... is probable / possible / cenain co ... , it can / could / may

1 Read the composition providing solutions. The topic sentence of each paI"aeoraph is missing. Choose
five of the sentences a-fgiven below and match them with the appropriate ~oraph in the composition.
There is one extra sentence you do not need.

What are the ways to improve the lives of the lderl ,?


(1) Shortage of money to live on, failing health arullo liness make old people feel
miserable and depressed. As the senior citizens make up a great parr 0 our society, steps should be
taken to improve their lives.
(2) The government could solve the problem ensurin re uJar monthly payments for
old people. This would help to reduce the financial problems of the re 'r p ople as much as possible.
(3) Consequently, old people need not fear falling ill an.d b in unable to pay for the
treatment. Thus, they would enjoy both better health and peace of mind,
(4) Community centres should encourage local schools iO "e care of the old people
living in the neighbourhood. In such a way young people would be rau " :0 respect their elders and
appreciate their experience of life. In consequence, old people should eel less isolated and ignored.
(5) What a difference it would make if retirement I:ere a eriod for relaxation and
leisure!

a We all know that old people feel economically and socially disadvQII a_e
b Another way to deal with the situation would be to provide free medica." care to all people over a
certain age.
c Firstly, the elderly should receive adequate sums of income for covering heir basic needs such as
accommodation and food,
d All things considered, there are many ways in which the lives of old people could be improved.
e A lot of elderly people find their last period of life rather challenging due 0 mrious reasons.
f A useful suggestion for improving the lives of the elderly would be to solve the problem of social
isolation which so many of them face.

2 Read the rubric and write your composition of 200-250 words. Follow the guidelines and make use of
the ideas provided in the table.

Your class has been doing a project on crime. Write a composition on the topic:
What are the ways to make your home and neighbourhood safer from crime?
Suggestions Results / Consequences
install an alarm system deters thieves and automatically notifies the police or security firm
get a trained dog alerts the owners / people inside the house that someone unknown is
prowling outside
promote neighbourhood people living around will see someone suspicious prowling around
watch scheme the neighbourhood and call the police

abstain Igb'steml susilaikyti drought Idrautl sausra


abusive Ig'bju:srvl uzgaulus drug IdrAgl vaistas; narkotikas
access I'reksesl pasiekti, patekti; priejimas earnings f'3:nrI)zl uzdarbis
accuse (of) Ig'kju:zl (ap)kaltinti ensure Im'I:>:1 garantuoti
acquit Ig'kwrtl isteisinti entrust Im'trAstl patiketi
affect Ig'fektl (pa)veikti evidence I'evrd( g)nsl (teis.) irodymas; parodymas
ageing I' erd3rI)1 senstantis executive Irg 'zekjutrvl vykdomoji valdzia
alert Ig'13:tl ispeti extension Irk' stenI nI didinimas, ispletimas
alliance Ig'largnsl sqjunga fake Iferkl netikras, padirbtas
allowance Ig'laugnsl ismoka, pasalpa famine I'fremml badas
annoy Ig'mr/ erzinti, pykinti fine Ifarnl bauda
assault Ig's:>:1tl uzpulti forgery l'hd.3gril klastojimas; klastote
assume Ig'sju:m/ manyti gain Igeml igyti, pasiekti
average I'revgnd.31 vidutinis glue Iglu:1 klijuoti; prilipti
ballot paper I'brelgt,perpgl slapto balsavimo biuletenis govern/'gAvnl valdyti
ban Ibrenl uzdrausti grant Igra:ntl dotacija, stipendija
bane ofsb's life gyvenimo skaudulys guilty I'grltil kaltas
benefit I'benrfrtl nauda; pasalpa hacker f'hrebl kompiuteriQ piratas
blackmail/'blrek,merll santazuoti handle f'hrendIl susitvarkyti (su)
bleep Ibli:pl pyptelejimas harass I'hrergsl neduoti ramybes
border I'b:>:dgl ribotis hereditary Ihg' redgt( g)ril pa veldimas
bruise I'bru:zl melyne, sumusimas hijack I'har,d.3rek/ uzgrobti (lektuvq)
bully I'bulil priekabiauti, (Ubauginti, skriausti horrific Iho'nfrkl siurpus
bUllying l'bulirI)1 priekabiavimas, bauginimas hostage l'hostrd.3! ikaitas
burgle I'b3:gIl isilauzti, isilauzus apvogti humiliate Ihju: 'mrli,ertl (pa)zeminti
by-election I'baII,lekInI papildomi rinkimai hurtful I'h3:tfll skaudinantis, izeidus
capital punishment I,kreprtl 'pAnrImgnti mirties bausme income(s) l'mkAm/ pajamos
case Ikersl byla indifference 1m' drfrgnsl abejingumas
caught red-handed pagautas nusikaltimo vietoje influential l,mflu'enIII itakingas
chamber I'tIermbgl riimai interrupt l,mtg'rAptl pertraukti
citizen I'srtrznl pilietis investigate Im'vestrgertl (is)tirti
commit Ib'mrtl ivykdyti, padaryti (kq nors bloga) invisible 1m 'vrzgbIl nematomas
common f'komgnl iPrastas; paprastas joyriding f'd.3:>r,rardrI)1automobiliQ vagyste (pramogai)
confess Ibn'fesl prisipazinti jury f'd.3ugril prisiekusieji
constituency Ibn'strtjugnsil rinkimine apygarda juvenile crime f' d.3u:Vg,narll nepilnameCiQ nusikalstamumas
convict Ibn'vrktl (teis.) pripazinti kaltu, nuteisti kick Ikrk/ spirti
courtroom I'b:t,ru:m/ teismo sale legislative f'led.3rslgtrvl istatymQ leidziamasis
creak Ikri:kl girgzdeti malicious Img' hI gsl pikta valiskas, tycinis
culprit f'kAlpntl kaltininkas, prasikaltelis minor f'mamgl nedidelis
custody l'kAStgdil arestas modified I'modr,fardl pakeistas
customs I'kAstgmzl muitine mug ImAgl uzpulti ir apiplesti
decline Idr'klarnl silpnejimas, mazejimas murder l'm3:dgl (nu)zudyti
dedicated (to) I'dedr,kertrdl atsidavlts object 19b' d.3ektl priestarauti, nesutikti
defence Idr'fensl gynyba offence Ig'fensl nusikaltimas
deliberately I dr' h b( g)rgtlil tycia offender Ig'fendgl nusikaltelis
deny Idr'nar/ neigti, atmesti offensive Ig'fensrvl uzgaulus, izeidZiantis
detect/dr'tektl susekti, aptikti package l'prekrd.3! paketas, siuntinys
deter Idr't3:1 atbaidyti, sulaikyti patrol Ipg'trgull patruliuoti, patrulis
devastate I'devg,stertl (nu)niokoti pickpocketing f'prk,pobtrI)1 kisenvagyste
disadvantage I, drsgd 'va:ntrd.3! nepalanki aplinkybe, kliutis plead Ipli:dl atsakyti i kaltinimq, (ne)prisipazinti
disgust Idrs'gAstl kelti pasibiaurejim~ portable f'p:>:tgbIl nesiojamasis
priority Iprar'or;)til prioritetas, svarbiausias dalykas smuggling ~::
process I'pr;)uses/ apdoroti, perdirbti sneak Ism:,,- -'. _.:
proof Ipru:fl irodymas speak out pzre: .'-
prosecution l,prosr'kju:JnJ kaltinimas; prokuroras suicide I'SU:l,
provide Ipr;)'vardl patiekti, pariipinti summit (meetina /'s. virSunill susitikimas
prowl Ipraull smizineti supportls;)'p:J:t! paremti. palaikyti
punch /pAntJI kumsCiuoti supreme Isu'pri:m/ auksciausias, didziausias
punishment l'pAllIJm;)ntl bausme tease Iti:zl erzinti
put through l,put'8ru:1 uzbaigti, ivykdyti tormentlh 'ment! kankinti, kamuoti
rape Irerpl isprievartauti track Itnekl (su)sekti
recession In'seJnJ nuosmukis trade union J'trerd 'ju:nj;)nJ profs~unga
reassure l,ri:;)'Ju;)1 nuraminti, patikinti treaty (on) I'tri:til sutartis (del)
rejectln'<tekt! atmesti, at(si)sakyti trend Itrend! kryptis, tendencija
release In'li:sl isleisti, paleisti trial J'trar;)l! teismo procesas
representative I,repn'zent;)trv/ atstovas trigger l'tng;)1 duoti postumi
reward In'w:J:d! atpildas; atlygis unpredictable I,Anpn' drkt;)bll nenuspej amas
rob lrobl apiplesti up-end lAP' end! apversti
rule Iru:lI valdyti verdict J'V3:drkt! (prisiekusit{jl{ teismo) sprendimas
run for l,rAn 'hi kelti savo kandidaturfl vicious J'vrS;)s/ piktas, nirsus
rural 1'[O;)r;)ll kaimo victim J'vrktrml auka
secure /sr'kju;)1 saugus voluntary I'vol;)nt(;))ril savanoriskas
self-governing l,self'gAv;)llIIJI savivalda vote (for; against) Iv;)ut! balsuoti (ui; prieS)
sentence I'sent;)nsl nuosprendis; nuteisti website I'web ,sart! tinklapis
severe /sr'vr;)/ smarkus, sunkus, grieztas weird Iwr;)d! keistas
shortcoming !'J:J:t,kAmrIJI triikumas witness I'wrtn;)sl liudininkas, -e; liudyti
sinister I'sIllrst;)1 kraupus, gresmingas

ADDITIONAL WORD BANK


l:overnment and politics
Federation: a political union of several states for control of foreign affairs, defence, etc by the central (Federal) government
but keeping regional (State) government for other things. The USA is an example of such a political union. Republic: a country
which has a president and is governed by elected representatives. Empire: a group of countries under a single supreme authority.
parliament: a supreme law-making assembly (in GB the House of Commons and the House of Lords)
Member of Parliament (MP): a representative of the people in Parliament
elect: to choose someone or something by voting; to call I hold an election; politics: the actions or activities which
people use to achieve power in a country, society, or organisation I don't know much about politics, but I always support
the Centre Coalition Party. Politics is a difficult science. policy: the programme of action of a particular party or govern-
ment or a rule of behaviour (not necessarily connected with politics) After the war British policy was rather confused. Is
honesty the best policy? (the best way to act?)
politician: someone for whom politics is a career; leader; leadership He took over the leadership of the Liberal Party two
years ago.
names of political parties: the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats, the Socialists, the Communist
Party, the Centre Coalition Party, the Republican Party etc; the judicial l<tu:'drSl! system teismine sistema
NATO J'nert;)ul - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation: a military association between the USA, Canada and several western
countries; UN - United Nations; supranational /,su:pr;)'meSn;)l! going beyond national boudaries; involving more than one country
war and peace
air force oro laivynas; ally J'relar/ sfliungininkas The two countries were allies at that time. ally I;)'lar, 'relar/ prisijungti, tapti
s~ungininku; alliance I;)'lar;)ns/ s~unga; army; be in the army tarnauti armijoje; battle Hundreds of people were injured
and dozens of buildings were dnmaged in the battle. During the battle the dead and wounded were flown out in helicopters.
break out prasideti, kilti Civil war has broken out in the north of the country. bullet J'bulrt! kulka; casualty auka (sliZeistasis
ar uZmustasis) The enemy suffered heavy casualties. disarmament Idrs 'a:m;)m;)nt! nusiginklavimas; neutral A country that
declares that it will not involve itself in a war is a neutral country. missile I'rnrsarlJ raketinis ginklas; a ground-to air missile;
nuclear missiles; guided missile valdoma raketa The explosion of the missile resulted in 650 casualties.
a refugee l,refju'<ti:1 pabegelis Thousands of refugees have crossed the border looking for food and shelter.
war; be at war kariauti; weapon I'wep;)n/ ginklas; nuclear weapon Rifles, arrows, bombs and tanks are all weapons.
crime and justice
defend sb in court ginti kfl nors teisme; find guilty pripazinti kaltu; handcuff uzdeti antrankius; send sb to prison / jail
pasodinti i kalejimq; set free islaisvinti; take fingerprints; to release sb from prison / jail paleisti is kalejimo; be on
trial teisiama(s) She is on trial for murder. break the law nusizengti
IRREGULAR VERBS
Netaisyklingieji veiksmazodziai

Bare Past tense Past Meaning Bare Past tense Past Meaning
Infinitive biltasis Participle reiksme Infinitive biitasis Participle reiksme
bendratis laikas biitojo laiko bendratis laikas biitojo laiko
. dalyvis dalyvis

arise arose arisen iskilti, pasirodyti lend lent lent (pa)skolinti


be was, were been biiti let let let leisti
beat beat beaten suduoti, musti lie lay lain guleti
become became become tapti lose lost lost pralaimeti, pamesti
begin began begun pradeti make made made (pa)daryti, gaminti
bend bent bent (su) lenkti mean meant meant reiksti
bite bit bitten k'lsti meet met met suesi)tikti
blow blew blown piisti pay paid paid moketi (pinigus)
break broke broken lauzyti, dauzyti put put put padeti
bring brought brought at(si)nesti, at(si)vezti read read read skaityti
broadcast broadcast broadcast transliuoti ride rode ridden joti, vaziuoti
build built built statyti rise rose risen keltis, kilti
bum burnt burnt degti, deginti run ran run begti
burst burst burst sprogti, prasiverzti say said said sakyti
buy bought bought pirkti see saw seen matyti
catch caught caught gaudyti, sugauti sell sold sold parduoti,pardavineti
choose chose chosen rinkti, pa(si)rinkti send sent sent sillsti
come came come ateiti, atvykti shake shook shaken kratyti, purtyti
cost cost cost kainuoti shine shone shone sviesti
cut cut cut pjauti, kirsti, kirpti shoot shot shot sauti
deal dealt dealt !ureti reikalll show showed shown rodyti
dig dug dug kasti shut shut shut uzdaryti, uZverti
do did done daryti sing sang sung dainuoti
draw drew drawn piesti, tempti sit sat sat sedeti
drink drank drunk gerti sleep slept slept miegoti
drive drove driven vairuoti, varyti speak spoke spoken kalbeti
eat ate eaten valgyti spend spent spent (is)leisti, praleisti
fall fell fallen kristi split split split skaldyti, (su)skilti,
feed fed fed maitinti( s) plysti

feel felt felt jausti spread spread spread (pa)tiesti, sklisti

fight fought fought kovoti, kautis stand stood stood stoveti


find found found (su)rasti steal stole stolen vogti

fly flew flown skristi stick stuck stuck smeigti, klijuoti

forbid forbad(e) forbidden uzdrausti strike struck struck suduoti, musti


forget forgot forgotten uZffiirSti swear swore sworn prisiekti, keiktis
freeze froze frozen susalti, uzsalti swim swam swum plaukti
get got got gauti, pasiekti take took taken imti, nesti, vesti
give gave given duoti teach taught taught mokyti
grow grew grown augti, auginti tear tore torn plesyti
hang hung hung kabeti, (pa)kabinti tell told told pasakyti, pasakoti,
have had had !ureti liepti

hear heard heard girdeti think thought thought galvoti

hide hid hidden slepti throw threw thrown mesti, sviesti

hold held held laikyti understand understood understood suprasti

hurt hurt hurt suzeisti, lskaudinti, upset upset upset nUliiidinti, prislegti
skaudeti wake woke woken pabusti
keep kept kept laikyti, saugoti wear wore worn deveti, nesioti
know knew known zinoti, moketi weep wept wept verkti
lay laid laid (pa )deti, (pa )guldyti win won won laimeti
lead led led vesti, vadovauti wind wound wound (pa )sukti, prisukti
leave left left palikti write wrote written rasyti
VERB TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE
Veikiamosios rUsies veiksmazodziqlaikqlentele

Nurodomieji
Pavyzdziai
zodziai
I study every day. usually
• reguliariai pasikartojanCius The sun rises in the east. always
veiksmus On Sundays banks don't work. often, never
do not + V
• bendras ties as ir desnius He doesn't always study hard. sometimes
does not + V
• budingas veiksnio ypatybes Carol usually gets up at six o'clock. every (day,
• iProcius ir paprocius Does she like knitting? time etc)
do V?
• busim'lii veiksmq, kuris ivyks pagal The train to Dover leaves at 8.00 pm. in (the morning
does V?
tvarkarasti, bendr<t planq, program<t What do you think of my new car? etc), twice a year

am • veiksmq, vykstanti kalbamuoju Look! It is raining. now


is + Ving momentu What are you doing now? - I am still
are • siuo laikotarpiu vykstanti veiksm<t revising for the exams. at the moment
am not • suplanuot<t netolimos ateities What are you thinking about? this (week)
is not +Ving veiksm<t Carol is not working this weekend. at present
are not • veiksmq, kuris nuolat pasikartoja ir We are having fish today. nowadays
erzina kalbetoj<t I am meeting Phil on Friday.
am Ving?
NB veiksmazodziai, neZymintys You're always I constantly forgetting
is Ving?
veiksmo, nevartojami tltstine laiko people's names.
are •.. Ving?
forma (like, hear, love, fear, want,
see, believe, remember, belong, seem
etc)
have • praeities veiksmq, susijusi su I am free now because I have just yet, just
dabartimi (tikslus veiksmo laikas finished my work. since, for
has + V3 nezinomas) The cake he has made is on the table. already
• veiksmq, prasidejusi praeityje ir Has he written the letter? lately
have not besitltsianti dabartyje (su We have known each other for two recently
has not veiksmazodziais neturinciais years. so far
Continuous form1.0 I've had a headache all day. I still feel ever, never
have V3? • vis dar aktualll praeities veiksmq, the pain. today
has V3? kurio padariniai jauciami dabar He has played for England four times all day etc
• veiksmq, daug kartll vykusi praeityje so far.
ir dar nesibaigusi
have been • praeityje prasidejusi veiksmq, kuris We have been waiting for twenty for
vyksta ir dabar minutes. Mes laukiame dvideSimt since
has been • veiksmq, prasidejusi praeityje, minuCiI{. lately
besitltsianti arba kit tik pasibaigust How long has she been talking on the all morning
have not been Pasibaiglts veiksmas daznai yra kito phone? Kaip ilgaiji snekasi telefollu? (week etc)
has not been + Ving veiksmo rezultatas. Kalbantysis I am very tired because I have been how long
aiskina dabartines situacijos priezasti. painting the room all day. AS esu labai
have been Ving? pavargfts, nes visq dienq daiiau
has been Ving? kambar{

Ved/V2 • veiksmus (faktus, bl1senas), I saw Andy last month. yesterday


(played, went) ivykusius praeityje ir nesusijusius su When did they marry? last (October,
dabartimi (veiksmo laikas dafuiausiai We didn't go camping in May. week, night)
did not +V zinomas) She often played dolls when she was a ago, when ... ?
(did not see) • kartotinius, iPrastUs veiksmus, child. in (1998, May)
vykusius praeityje ir nesusijusius su He opened the window, looked down on 28 July
did V? dabartimi the street and saw a strange car. when (we were
(did see?) • veiksmus, vykusius vienas po kito in Paris) etc
praeityje

was 'veiksmq,vykusi tam tikru momentu At 9 o'clock last night we were while
were + Ving praeityje (veiksmo pradzia ir pabaiga watching TV. when
neZinomi)
was not • du ar daugiau tuo pat metu vykusill I was studying while my brother was
veiksmll watching TV.
were not + Ving • veiksmq, vykusi tam tikru momentu at 6.00 last
praeityje ir pertraukt<t kitu trumpu What were you doing when I called Mondayetc
was ... momentiniu veiksmu you yesterday?
+ V. ?
were ... mg'
• veiksm1i, kuris ivyko pries tam tikril By six o'clock in the evening, Tom
momentil praeityje had finished all his work. Iki seStos
when
• veiksm1i, ivykusi pries kitil veiksmil valandos vakaro Tomas buvo pabaiglts
had + V] by the time
praeityje visq savo darbq.
(had wri tten) before
• veiksmil salutiniuose laiko When we got to the airport, the plane
after
aplinkybes sakiniuose su jungtukais had already landed. Kai mes
had not + V] already
before, after nuvykome i oro uostq, lektuvas jau
(had not found) NB lei pagrindiniame sakinyje just
buvo nusileidlts.
tillfuntil
pavartotas Past Simple, 0 Before we had walked ten miles, she
had V]? by ten o'clock
salutiniame - Past Perfect, tai reiskia, got tired. Dar mums nenuejus desimt
(had drawn?) (midday etc.)
kad salutinio sakinio veiksmas (Past mylil{, ji pavargo.
never etc
Perfect) vyko (ar ivyko) anksciau uz NB She said she had had no time to
pagrindinio sakinio veiksmil (Past make a cake. ii pasake, kadji neturejo
Simple). laiko iskepti pyrazq.
I had been repairing the car for three
• veiksm1i, kuris prasidejo pries tam hours, when he called. Kaijis when
tikr'l momentil praeityje ir tuo paskambino, as jau tris valandas for, since
momentu dar tl<sesi taisiau masinq. before
• veiksm1i, kuris tl<sesi tam tikrillaikil She was exhausted because she had after
ir jo rezultatai buvo akivaizdiis been travelling all night. ii buvo how long
praeityje isvargusi, kadangi keliavo visq naktj. until etc

• pranasaujam1i, numatom1i, spejam'l I expect we'll see them at the party tomorrow
ateities veiksmil. Labai dafuai po tonight. next (week,
veiksmazodziq be sure, think, Let me help you. I'll carry that month etc)
believe, expect, hope, know, suppose suitcase for you. tonight
ir su prieveiksmiais perhaps, I'll come there, I promise. soon
possibly, probably, surely. in a week (year
• spontanisk'l sprendim'l etc)
• kalbanciojo pasiryzim'l atlikti
veiksmil
They will still be working at five.
Penktq valandqjie dar dirbs. tomorrow
This time next week we will be tonight
• veiksm1i, kuris vyks ( tl<sis ) tam packing for our holiday. Tokiu laiku next (week,
tikru momentu ateityje kitq savaitlt mes krausimes daiktus month etc)
atostogoms. in two (three,
At IO o'clock tomorrow she'll be etc) days
working in the garden. Rytoj 10 val. ji soon etc
dirbs sode.
By 2003 he will have worked here for
ten years. 2003 metaisjis bus dirblts by
Cia deIimt met!{- by the time
• veiksm1i, kuris bus uzbaigtas iki tam Will they have bought a new house by before
tikro momento ateityje the end of this month? AI' jie bus untilftill
nusipirklt naujq namq iki sio menesio
pabaigos?
He won't have fixed the car until this
evening. Jis nebus pataislts
automobilio iki sio vakaro.

by
• besitl<sianti biisim'l veiksm1i, kuris By six he will have been working for by the time
bus prasidejl<s pries tam tikr'l ateities two hours. Sestq bus dvi valandos, kai before
momentil ir tl<sisiki to momento jis jau dirba. untilftill

Laikq derinimas. Future-in-the-Past laikai


Butinybe derinti laikus damiausiai iskyla netiesiogineje kalboje. Laila.J.derinimo pagrindines taisykles tokios:
1lei pagrindiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis pavartotas vienu is buttUqlaiktJ., salutiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis taip pat turi buti pavartotas biituoju
laiku. Tom said he was going to stay at home. Tomas pasake, kad jis pasiliks namuose.
2 lei salutinio sakinio veiksmas ivyko anksCiau negu pagrindinio sakinio biitasis veiksmas,jis reiskiamas Past Perfect laiku.
Palygillkite: She said she was ill. Ji pasake, kad serga. She said she had been ill. Ji pasake, kad sirgo.
3 lei pagrindiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis pavartotas biituoju laiku, salutiniame sakinyje busimojo veiksmo negalima reiksti Future laikais,ji
reikia reiksti praeities biisimaisiais (Future-in-the-Past) laikais, kurie sudaromi pagalbinius shall / will pakeiCiant should! would.
Palyginkite: She hopes she will be in lime ii likisi, kad bus laiku. She hoped she wOllld be in time. Ji tikejosi, kad bus laikll.
I My room has always been a refuge to me. 6 Smoking is an expensive habit.
2 One may face various problems while staying in a foreign country. 7 There are a lot of advantages of having a mobile phone.
3 Mothers should not go to work until their children start school. 8 Sport is very important in everyone's life.
4 There are many reasons why people leave their country. 9 Having lots of money doesn't make one happy.
5 The media can help with learning English. 10 There are many reasons why I am studying English.

Informal
I You are on a working holiday in Ireland. Write a letter to your friend giving details and impressions.
2 You had arranged to meet a friend in town but it was quite impossible for you to be there. Explain why you were not able to meet him / her,
apologise for the inconvenience you have caused and suggest another meeting.
3 A friend who lives abroad will shortly be visiting your country and has asked you to make arrangements for his / her stay. Write a letter
informing him / her of what you have done.
4 You have received a present of some money from a relative. Write a letter thanking him or her for the present and saying what you intend
to do with it.
5 Your first letter to a pen-friend in America.
6 A letter congratulating a friend of yours who has just finished school.
7 While travelling abroad last summer you exchanged addresses with a person whom you had only known a short time. Write a letter giving news
of yourself.
8 A friend has asked you to recommend a good car-route to a well-known resort. Write a letter giving her / him advice and suggesting the places
she / he should see on the way.
9 You should have written a letter to a relation long ago to thank him / her for apresent but you forgot. Write a letter of thanks in which you
apologise for the delay in answering.
Formal
I You have just returned from a holiday which was not at all what you expected. Write a letter of complaint to the travel agent who arranged it
for you.
2 A computer you ordered has arrived but has been damaged in transit. Write a letter to the firm concerned pointing this out and asking what
action they propose to take.
3 Write to an English publishing firm asking for a catalogue of their latest publications.
4 You booked a room at a hotel abroad but now find that you will be unable to travel. Write a letter cancelling your confirmation.
5 An organisation abroad has offered scholarships for those wishing to study languages at a university. Write a letter stating your qualifications
and requesting that an application form be sent to you.
6 A foreigner has written to you inquiring about a flat you wish to let. Write an answer to this inquiry.
7 While in England you paid a visit to an English school. Write a letter of thanks to the Headteacher for all he did to make your visit interesting.
8 You have seen an advertisement in a newspaper inviting young people to work as camping leaders with children of all ages. Write your letter
of application.

Expressing opinion
I Will life be better in the future? 5 Are you in favour of or against exams being abolished?
2 Lithuanian and Maths are more important subjects than Art and Music. 6 Is a school uniform necessary?
3 Friends or family, which is more important? 7 Is school the best preparation for your working life?
4 Should parents limit the amount of television their children watch? 8 Should smoking be banned in all public places?

Providing solutions
I What can we do to make Lithuania an attractive country for tourists? 5 The ways of protecting the environment in your area.
2 The ways to maintain health and fitness. 6 The ways to improve the learning of foreign languages.
3 What could be done to stop the growth of crime? 7 How should endangered species be protected?
4 The ways to make your school more attractive for the students. 8 What might be done to reduce smoking among young people?

For and against


I Positive and negative aspects of travelling by bicycle. 5 The advantages and disadvantages of owning a car.
2 Good and bad points of being rich and famous. 6 The pros and cons of watching TV.
3 The advantages and disadvantages of the increasing use of technology. 7 The advantages and disadvantages of living in a block of flats.
4 The advantages and disadvantages of owning a mobile phone. 8 What are the benefits and drawbacks of vegetarianism?

I The usefulness of computers. 5 Genetic engineering causes a number of worrying problems.


2 The role of marriage in today's society. 6 The costs offast-developing technology.
3 Too much money is spent on sport when it could be used to help the poor. 7 Money causes a lot of problems.
4 The generation gap is inevitable. 8 What can we do to reduce global litter?
TYPE OF
INTRODUCTION MAIN BODY CONCLUSION
COMPOSITION

ADVANTAGES / Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Final paragraph


DISADVANTAGES state topic 1-+ advantages / arguments -+
disadvantages / arguments -+ restate the topic giving balanced
(FOR AND AGAINST) for & justification against & justification consideration / opinion

EXPRESSING Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraph


OPINION state topic & your f--+ viewpoint I & reason r--- viewpoint 2 & reason 1-+ restate opinion using different
opinion clearly words

*when writing composition expressing opinion, you may include the opposite point of view (other
people's opinion) in a separate paragraph before the conclusion (final paragraph)

PROVIDING Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraph


SOLUTIONS state the problem 1-+ suggestion 1 & reason 1--+ suggestion 2 & reason / 1-+ summaIise opinion or give best
/ justification justification suggestion & reason

*the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of suggestions you want to
make

DISCURSIVE Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraph


COMPOSITION state topic 1-+ one point of view (eg political) 1-+ another point of view (eg economic) ~ give your own opinion on the
(personal opinion & opposite (personal opinion & opposite opinion) subject based on the points
opinion) already mentioned

* the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of viewpoints you want to
state and discuss. Some of the following aspects should be included: psychological, social, educational,
political, moral, historical, economic, religious, scientific, artistic, geographical, personal
Type
of Greetings Opening phrases Middle paragraphs Closing phrases Endings
letter

Z Dear Sir or I am writing to you in To begin with, I would like I would be grateful if you Yours faithfully,
....
0
Madam, connection with ... to know ... would / could reply as soon (jei kreipinys
~ Dear Sirs, I am writing with regard to / In addition, I would be as possible. Dear Sir / Madam,)
:E To whom it may in regard to / with grateful if you could Thanking you for your time
~ reference to ... inform me ... and assistance.
0 concern,
~ I am writing to ask if you Furthermore, I would be I would like to thank you
....
Z
Dear Mr / Mrs / could inform me about ... grateful if you could also in advance. Yours sincerely,
~ Miss / Ms / Dr I was interested in your inform me about ... I look forward to your reply (jei kreipinys
0 Finally, I would be at your earliest Dear Mr / Mrs /
~ Brown, advertisement in ...
e,;, I would appreciate some interested in knowing ... convenience. Miss / Ms / Dr
....
Z further information about ... I look forward to hearing Brown,)
~
rJJ
Referring to your from you.
~ advertisement published in ...

Dear Sir or I am writing to give you As for ... I hope this information will be Yours faithfully,
Z Madam, information about ... Concerning ... of some help to you ... (jei kreipinys
0 I am writing in reply to your I would be happy to supply Dear Sir / Madam.)
e,;, •..• Dear Sirs, Regarding ...
To whom it may letter concerning / dated ... As far as ... is / are you with any further
~
~:E concern, In reply to your letter concerned ... information ... Yours sincerely,
~~ concerning ... If you need further (jei kreipinys
00
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / With reference to your letter information, do not hesitate Dear Mr / Mrs /
....
Z
Miss / Ms / Dr of ... to contact me. Miss / Ms / Dr
Brown, Brown,)

Dear Sir or I am writing with regard to / I have studied / been I look forward to hearing Yours faithfully,
Z Madam, in connection with your working for ... from you.! I look forward to (jei kreipinys
....
0
Dear Sirs, advertisement in ... I am presently your favourable reply. I Dear Sir / Madam.)
~ To whom it may I am writing to apply for the working for ... hope my application will be
....
U concern, position of (job) advertised I am familiar with / taken into consideration.
~ in (where) on (date) experienced in / If you feel that my
~
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / I am interested in applying for fluent in ... qualifications meet your Yours sincerely,
~ requirements, note that I am
Miss / Ms / Dr the job of ... As you can see from my (jei kreipinys
~ available for an interview at
0 Brown, curriculum vitae, ... Dear Mr / Mrs /
~ I believe I am suitable for your convenience. Miss / Ms / Dr
r.l I enclose / have attached a
Eo-< the position of ... Brown,)
Eo-< copy of my curriculum vitae
r.l I consider myself
~ well-qualified for the outlining my qualifications
position of ... and experience.

Dear Sir or I am writing to complain about The problem is ... I believe I am entitled to a Yours faithfully,
Madam, / make a complaint about ... I must mention / point out ... partial/full refund / (jei kreipinys
Dear Sirs, It was completely different To make matters worse ... immediate action / a Dear Sir / Madam,)
To whom it may from ... As if that was not bad replacement.
Eo-< concern, enough .,. I would be grateful if you
....
Z I am writing to you regarding / I was shocked / surprised ... would deal with this matter
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / in connection with ... I feel it To my amazement / as soon as possible. Yours sincerely,
~
~ Miss / Ms / Dr is absolutely unacceptable ... surprise ... I feel sure / am confident (jei kreipinys
:E Brown, / I am dissatisfied with ... Your advertisement / that this matter will receive Dear Mr / Mrs /
0 your prompt attention.
U brochure was misleading ... Miss / Ms / Dr
~ I regret that I am obliged to In your advertisement / I am afraid that if this matter Brown,)
0 complain about ... brochure you state is not dealt with
~ Unfortunately, it was nothing otherwise. immediately, I will ...
r.l
Eo-< like what I expected. You failed to mention that ... r hope to hear from you as
Eo-<
r.l soon as possible.
You led me to believe that ...
~ I look forward to hearing
from you. Thanking you in
advance.

You might also like