CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION:

1. ANGLES:

Sign convention:
o Clockwise:

o Anticlockwise:

Special angles:

o right < : angle with 90°

o straight <: angle with 180°

o coterminal angles: angles with same initial and terminal sides

2. ANGLES ON GRAPHS:

Standard position:
o 2 conditions for < to be in std position?

Position/quadrant of an angle:
o Quadrants: 4 regions made by x- and y-axes ( I – IV)

o What determines quadrant of an angle? Terminal side of <

Quadrantal angle: < coincides with x- and y-axis

Expression of angles in 3 ways:
o Revolutions
o Degrees
o Radians

3. ANGLES IN DEGREES:

Angle in degree and revolution
o 1rev = 360°

Subdivisions: minutes, seconds
o Minute to degrees: 1' = 60°
o Seconds to minutes and degrees: 1" = 60' = 3600°

Conversion fraction?
o Converts angle in one unit(e.g. degrees) to another(e.g.
revolutions)

Conversions:
o REV ↔ DegDec:
 Use: [1rev/360° or 360°/1rev]
o DegDec to DMS:
 Use: calculator
o DMS to DegDec:
 Use: [x° y' z"→ x + y/60 + z/3600]

Special angles:
o Acute <: angle is between 0º and 90º
o Obtuse <: angle is between 90º and 180º
o Complementary <: angles add up to 90º
o Supplementary <: angles add up to 180º

4. ANGLES IN RADIANS:

Definition:
o radian = arc length / radius or θ = s/r

Conversions:
o RAD ↔ REV:
 Use: [ 2Π/ 1rev or 1rev/2Π ]
o RAD ↔ DEG:
 Use: [ 2Π/ 360° or 360°/2Π]

5. Quadrantal angles in degrees and radians:

90° = Π/2 rad

180° = Π rad
 CENTRAL ANGLE AND ARC LENGTH:

Equation: s = rθ
o Note: angle should ALWAYS be in RADIANS when using above eqn

When a wheel moves x distance on the road, what is x?

o x is basically the arc length, s

How to change that arc length to revolutions made by the wheel?

o Using:
 1 rev = 2Πr
 ? rev = x (put value of x and cross-multiply)

o Using s = rθ where:
 Given:
• arc length, s = x (distance moved by wheel)
• radius, r of the wheel
 Find:
• angle, θ in radians
• Convert angle in RAD to REV

Illustration: Distance moved by wheel is arc length, s

What do we do with the angles, given:

o Case I:
 City A: a° E x° N
Central angle, θ = x – y (say x is greater than y)
 City B: a° E y° N

o Case II:
 City A: a° E x° N Central angle, θ = x + y
 City B: a° E y° S

area of sector = ½ r²θ