RESEARCH DESIGN

• What the study is about?

• Why is the study undertaken?

• What is its scope?

• What are the objectives of the study?

• What are the hypotheses?

• What are the major concepts to be defined operationally?

• What type of literature needs to be reviewed?

• What is the area of study?

• What is the reference period of study?

• What is the methodology to be used?

• What kind of data are needed?

• What are the sources of data?

• What is the sampling boundary?

• What are the sampling units?

• What is the sample size?

• What are the sampling techniques?

• What are data collection methods?

• How is data processed?

• What are statistical techniques for analysis?

• What is the target group?

• What is the type of report?

• What is the duration of time required for each stage of the research work?

• What is the cost involved?

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
 Exploratory Research

• Initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem

• To generate new product ideas

• To list all possibilities

• To develop hypothesis
 CHARACTERISTICS

• Flexible and versatile

• Unstructured

• Experimentation in not required

• Cost incurred is low

• Wide exploration of views

• Research is interactive and open ended

Why Conduct Exploratory Research?

Diagnose a situation

Screening of alternatives

Discover new ideas

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

Secondary Data

Experience Survey

Pilot Studies

Focus Group

Case Studies

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 LONGITUDINAL STUDY

CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

CASUAL RESEARCH
TYPES OF ERRORS
 SAMPLING ERROR

NON SAMPLING ERROR

NON RESPONSE ERROR

RESPONSE ERROR

SURROGATE INFORMATION

MEASUREMENT ERROR

POPULATION DEFINITION ERROR

SAMPLING FRAME ERROR

DATA ANALYSIS ERROR

RESPONDENT SELECTION ERROR

QUESTIONING ERROR

RECORDING ERROR

CHEATING ERROR

INABILITY ERROR
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
PURELY POST DESIGN

BEFORE AFTER DESIGN

FACTORIAL DESIGN

LATIN SQUARE DESIGN

EX POST FACTO DESIGN