Mobile originated call

MS BSS MSC

Channel Request (RACH)

Immediate Assignment [ Reject ] (AGCH)

SDCCH Seizure

CM Service Request + Connection Request < CMSREQ >

Connection [ Confirmed / Refused ]

Link Establishment

Authentication Request

Authentication Response

DT1 <CICMD>
S Ciphering Mode Command

D Ciphering Mode Complete

DT1 <CICMP>
C
C
H Identity Request

Identity Response

Setup

Call Proceeding

Connection Management

Assignment Request

Assignment Request [ Failed ]

Assignment Command

Assignment [ Complete / Failure ]

Assignment [ Complete / Failure ]

T
C
H
TCH Seizure

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 Mobile terminated call
MS BSS MSC

UDT < PAGIN >

Paging Request (PCH)

Paging

Channel Request (RACH)

Immediate Assignment [ Reject ] (AGCH)

SDCCH Seizure

Paging Response + Connection Request < PAGRES >

Connection [ Confirmed / Refused ]

Link Establishment

Authentication Request

Authentication Response

DT1 <CICMD>
S Ciphering Mode Command

D Ciphering Mode Complete

C DT1 <CICMP>
C
H Identity Request

Identity Response

Setup

Call Confirmed

Connection Management

Assignment Request

Assignment Request [ Failed ]

Assignment Command

Assignment [ Complete / Failure ]

T Assignment [ Complete / Failure ]

C
H
TCH Seizure

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 GPRS ARCHITECHURE SUMMARY
GPRS introduces two new network nodes in the GSM
PLMN: The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which
is at the same hierarchical level as the MSC, keeps track
of the individual MSs' location and performs security
functions and access control. The SGSN is connected to
the base station system with Frame Relay. The Gateway
GSN (GGSN) provides interworking with external
packet-switched networks, and is connected with SGSNs
via an IP-based GPRS backbone network. The HLR is
enhanced with GPRS subscriber information, and the
SMS-GMSCs and SMS-IWMSCs are upgraded to support
SMS transmission via the SGSN. Optionally, the
MSC/VLR can be enhanced for more-efficient co-
ordination of GPRS and non-GPRS services and
functionality: e.g., paging for circuit-switched calls that
can be performed more efficiently via the SGSN, and
combined GPRS and non-GPRS location updates.

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 General
 Up to 170kbps
 User data is packet switched.
 Optimises the Um interface for bursty data traffic.
 Quick set up time (~1-2 seconds)
 Billing is for data and not connection time
 Subscriber is able to remain connected to the
network without calling upon any of the networks
resources until an actual data transfer takes place.
 Timeslot Sharing. Single timeslots - Multiple MSs;
Multiple timeslots - Single MS; Multiple timeslots -
Multiple MSs

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 GENERAL
GPRS is one kind of packet-switched data technology
which is being developed for GSM networks. This
infrastructure will support third generation networks.
Initial speeds for GSM will be up to 171kbps. It is
expected to be implemented in the 1999-2000 time frame

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 Why is packet data technology important?
Because packet provides a seamless and immediate
connection from a mobile PC to the Internet or corporate
intranet allowing all existing Internet applications such as
e-mail and Web browsing to operate smoothly without
even needing to dial into an Internet service provider.
The advantage of a packet-based approach is that GPRS
only uses the medium, in this case the precious radio link,
for the duration of time that data is being sent or received.
This means that multiple users can share the same radio
channel very efficiently. In contrast, with current circuit-
switched connections, users have dedicated connections
during their entire call, whether or not they are sending
data.
Many applications have idle periods during a session.
With packet data, users will only pay for the amount of
data they actually communicate, and not the idle time. In
fact, with GPRS, users could be "virtually" connected for
hours at a time and only incur modest connect charges.

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 Packet Data Over Digital Cellular
Current technologies are primarily circuit-switched,
meaning a continuous circuit transmission allows the
network to route continuous data to a single location.
Circuit-switched data requires a dedicated radio channel
even when no data is being sent.
Packet-switched data works quite differently from circuit-
switched data. With packet-switched data, the computer
that is connected to the cell phone sends and receives
bursts, or packets, of data. A radio channel is occupied
only for the duration of the data transmission instead of
continuously, making it more efficient than circuit-
switched.
Since the phone never makes an actual "phone call," the
channel becomes immediately available for other data
users after the transmission. At the switching center,
packet services interconnect with the Internet or directly
with corporate intranets using traditional networking
methods such as frame relay.

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 Applications for GPRS
 WWW
 E- mail
 Electronic Cash - smart cards
 Electronic Commerce Telematics -
Vending Machines, Toll Collection Field
Services - UPS

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 GPRS vs HSCSD
GPRS
High initial costs (new Network elements)
Low per user cost Economies of Scale
HSCSD
Lower speed - up to 57.6 KBps (4 * 14.4)
Low initial costs
High per user cost
Handover issues
No economies of scale

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 What does UMTS give us and Why use it?
What ?
Higher Bit Rates (up to 2Mb/ sec)
Improved services quality (comparable to fixed)
Why ?
Multimedia (Video, Sound, Text, Graphics)
Single terminal - mobile, office & domestic

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 Options for the Support of Mobile Data
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched Data
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System

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 GPRS vs UMTS
• Complementary, NOT competing technologies
• GPRS will be a stepping stone to a UMTS
• Operators can reuse GPRS infrastructure in UMTS

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