Signals and Systems EE 3302

Dr Pete Bernardin
Telecommunications Engineering
 Notes Disclaimer
• Class notes are offered as a supplement
to your textbook, NOT a replacement for it
• Ultimately, you will be responsible for
material in the textbook that I do not have
time to cover in class
• You should plan on studying 3 to 4 hours
outside of class for every hour that you
spend in class
• You will periodically find errors in the notes
and also some in the book
 Notes Credits
• Raja Rajasakeran developed most of
these notes

• Alan Oppenheim’s Z-Transform notes

• Bill Boyd’s Z-Transform notes

 Signals & Systems EE 3302: Prerequisite for EE

Signals and Systems: Central Dogma of Engineering

• One of the most important courses in the undergraduate EE and TE

curricula is Signals and Systems, EE/TE 3302

• To borrow a felicitous phrase from the biologists, Signals and Systems

conveys the "central dogma" of modern electrical engineering (i.e.,
electrical engineering beyond power lines and superheterodyne
receivers)

• If anything, Signals and Systems contains even more fundamental

intellectual content for a TE major than for an EE major, because all of
modern telecommunications engineering depends on signals and
systems concepts and design approaches.

REFERENCE: Professor Cy Cantrell, Associate Dean EECS UTD, 4/11/03

 (Digital) Signal Processing
• Signal Processing deals with the enhancement, extraction, and representation of
information for communication or analysis
• Many different fields of engineering rely upon signal processing technology
• Acoustics, telephony, radio, television, seismology, and radar are some examples

• Initially, signal processing systems were implemented exclusively with analog

hardware
• However, recent advances in high-speed digital technology have made discrete
signal processing systems more popular.
• Digital systems have an advantage over analog systems in that they can process
signals with an extraordinary degree of precision
• Unlike the resistive and capacitive networks of analog systems, digital systems can
be built numerically with the simple operations of addition and multiplication.

• Digital Signal Processing is a field of numerical mathematics that is concerned with

the processing of discrete signals
• This area of mathematics deals with the principles that underlie all digital systems
Practical, Inexpensive Signal Processing System

Pentium Computer
“Cool Edit”
Waveform Editor
Stereo
Record Player Amplifier
D Sound
Sound
Card Left Channel Card
S D/A
A/D
P
Tape Deck Right Channel
Multichannel (Stereo) Signals

Analog/ Digital/ Digital Signal Processing:

Continuous- Discrete- 1) Noise Reduction
Radio -Digital Filtering, etc.
Time Time
Signals Signals 2) Signal Compression
-MP3, JPEG/MPEG Image, etc.
3) Spectral Analysis (e.g., FFT)
 Electronic “Fax” via Portable Document Format
Digital Signal:
Scanned
Hard Copy
Far more Complex
Acoustic Waveforms
are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
Encountered

700 KB You’ve Got Mail:

DSP
Far more Complex
Acoustic Waveforms
Adobe Acrobat PDF
are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
LZW Lossless
Compression Email via Far more Complex
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often Acoustic Waveforms are
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic often EncounteredFar
Waveforms are often
Encountered
Almost 10:1 Internet more Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
700 KB EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
e.g. Concatenate in Waveforms are often
EncounteredFar more
Adobe Acrobat PDF Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
Encountered

Far more Complex

Acoustic Waveforms
are often
EncounteredFar more
~ 700 KB
for Total
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Waveforms are often
EncounteredFar more
Complex Acoustic
Document
Waveforms are often
Encountered

700 KB
Analysis & Synthesis Formulas
Other Signals and Systems References
DSP Books:
• J.G. Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, Prentice Hall,
3rd Edition, 1996, ISBN 013373762- 4.

• S.S. Soliman and M.D. Srinath, Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems, Prentice Hall, 1998, ISBN
013518473-8.

• A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schafer, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975, ISBN 013214635-5.

• L.R. Rabiner, B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975, ISBN 013914101-4.

• E.O. Brigham, The Fast Fourier Transform and Its Applications, Prentice Hall, 1988, ISBN 013307505-2.

• M.H. Hayes, Digital Signal Processing , Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, 1999, ISBN 0-07-027389-8

DSP Papers (on my Website):

• R.W. Schafer and L. R. Rabiner, “A Digital Signal Processing Approach to Interpolation”, Proc. IEEE, vol.61, pp.692-
702, June 1973.

• J. W. Cooley, P. Lewis, and P. D. Welch, “Historical Notes on the Fast Fourier Transform”, IEEE Transactions on
Audio and Electroacoustics, June 1967

• J. Cooley and J. Tukey, “An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier
Series”, Mathematics of Computation, vol 19, 1965.

• Cooley, J. W.; Lewis, P. A. W.; Welch, P. D., “The Fast Fourier Transform: Programming Considerations in the
Calculation of Sine, Cosine, and Laplace Transforms”, Journal of Sound Vibration and Analysis, 12(3), July 1970.

• G.D. Bergland, “A Guided Tour of the Fast Fourier Transform”, IEEE Spectrum, July 1969.

• J. O. Smith and P. Gossett, “A Flexible Sampling-Rate Conversion Method,” by Proceedings of the IEEE International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, San Diego, March 1984 (ICASSP-84), Volume II, pp.
19.4.1–19.4.2. New York: IEEE Press.