Proceedings of the National Conference;
Innovative development in Next Decade: Challenges Issue and Solutions, Feb 11-12, 2011
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur
E-Governance
Akash Mittal
University School of Information Technology, GGSIPU email: akashmittal89@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Information Technology affects almost all the
aspects of our life. Not only our personal life has
changed, it has left a deep impact on the business
sector as well as other sectors like education, health
and development. With its foray in every possible
sector, how can governance are left behind?
In e-governance, we look for possible implications
for government systems and community by involving
or adapting a few forms of digital/ e-governance.
First of all, let’s try to understand what these terms
actually mean?
Information technology means the branch of
engineering that deals with the use of computers and
telecommunications to retrieve and store and
transmit information.
Governance is the act of governing. It provides a
platform for the discussions of both practical and
theoretical in nature of politics, formulating public
policy, administration, and the organization of the
state.
When we link IT with governance, we hope
Information Technology could benefit us in the
governance sector too.
The main ideas I propose our:
• Use of card system. Like the US, uses a
social security number, provide a number
and a card to each individual. Every card
represents an Indian Citizen.
This would benefit us in the long run. Namely by
helping in two interactions:
o The Government to Citizen interaction which
would involve factors like education health
and development in other domains.
o The Citizens to Government interaction
which would involve factors like e-voting
and e-census.
Second, one issue I would like to raise is:
• E-Parliament: Each parliament session in
India costs Rs. 200 crores roughly according
to IBNlive.in. With providing each state a
particular headquarter and thus using a e-
parliament would help us in saving such
magnanimous amount going waste but also
prevent the unruly behavior our Parliament
is famous for. Of course, once in a while a
centralized parliament session can take
place.
Both these factors of course, would help us saving a
large amount of money and manpower in the long
run, which can be used for addressing other
important issues.
Along with it, I have also addressed various
problems that e-governance faces, with the major
factors being poverty, illiteracy and the diversity and
the varied Indian languages.
Apart from these, the reluctance of government
servants, the lack of awareness and the lack of
interest of the private sector are other few issues
that I address in this paper.
I would also address various other issues or setups
that are required. What are the different criterions
that needed to be fulfilled so that E-governance is
possible?
It is important that the kind of setup involves
authentication and is certified to various different
standards. We would take a look at what all
standards can be implemented.
Also we would see how this population and
manpower can be used as a potential workforce and
the language barrier can be overcome.
Taking no credit away from the government, I would
also focus on what the government has done by
setting up Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation and the computer centre and the
Right to Information Act. Also I would address how
it can be enhanced for better productivity.

Also how setting up Cyber Law has helped in
privacy and security for the Indian Citizens and
Government.
With this paper, I try bringing out what has been
done, what can be done and what all steps are
required to steady our thoughts in action and what
are the challenges faced by our government.
KEYWORDS
E-governance, Information Technology, Parliament,
Infrastructure, Barriers, Education, Centralized,
Democracy, New Technology, Proposals, Social
Security, Local Governments, Verification,
Validation, Human Capacity,
Crisis Driven, Cyber Law, Accountability,
Reliability, Population, Poverty, Economy.
INTRODUCTION
Information technology has made its presence felt in
almost every other sector. Not one domain do we see
that is not affected by use of Information
Technology. Having said that, what exactly is
information technology? Information technology is
the branch of engineering that deals with the use of
computers and telecommunications to retrieve and
store and transmit information.
Implementation of IT in government sector has
happened late, but it’s still a dynamically increasing
field.
Before we start with the technicalities and what is
the scope of e-governance, let us discover what e-
governance exactly is? E-Governance deals with
integrating Information Technology with the
government sector so as to benefit not only the
various departments under the Indian Government
but also try revolutionizing the Indian democracy by
providing control to the people of India, by proving
them a platform to express their opinions and to
keep a check on Indian Government and play a role
in decision-making.
Another possible ramification of employing
Information Technology in government sectors is to
lower down the various costs of the departments
under the Indian Departments by focusing more on
computer-oriented labor than manual labor.
Proceedings of the National Conference; 2011
The various questions that need to be answered are
as follows:
• How do we bring about E-governance?
• How do we implement it?
• What is the scope of it?
• What are the barriers?
• What has happened?
• And what more can be done?
I would try to answer all of them, one by one.
What can E-governance do for us?
E-Governance works as a bridge between the
Government Sector and the Citizens of India. It
makes the various departments of our Government
accountable to its people, one thing that our
country seriously needs.
It defines the role of each particular sector and
what responsibility does it enjoy?
It gives the citizens a true right of freedom of
speech. Citizens can forthrightly, speak what they
think is right or wrong. Citizens with e-governance
get a platform not only to put suggestions, but also
put demand results and check for statistics of every
possible department.
I would like to point out to two different
interactions in my research:
1. The Government to Citizen Interaction which
would involve factors like education health and
development in other domains.
2. The Citizens to Government interaction which
would involve factors like e-voting and e-
census.
Government to Citizens:
E-Governance
With reference to what to Mr. Vikas Kanungo,
Chairman SPEG says in his research paper
“citizen centric e-governance in India”, he
identifies Citizen as the controlling
authority/power.
In this era of accountability and performance
measurement government would face increasing
pressure to make the services more accessible to
their citizens. The pressure comes directly from the
new legislatures and govt. policies to implement
high-end technologies in governing the nations; but
also indirectly and perhaps more intensely from
citizens.
What I mean to say, that using such a powerful tool
like E-Governance it would be easy for citizens to
be judgmental about their particular government.
Government would be able to provide its citizens an
array of domains that each Citizen should consider
as his right and each government, more importantly
its duty.
1. E-Education
This is the fundamental right of every citizen,
right to education. With E-Governance, we
address how every citizen can use this tool for
his/her own benefit.
Setting up education centers in small villages
and areas separated from the mainland or
located in remote areas, this would allow
Information Technology to be torch-bearer of
education.
Ministry of Education needs to setup small
units in every village connected via satellites
that not only help in education of young minds
vie e-lessons but also providing citizens a
platform to raise their grievances, a point on
which I would focus later.
2. E-Health
Allow citizens to access health care in remote
areas and other parts of India by linking the
hospitals and providing quality healthcare
using these satellite links.
I use my research paper, to provide a new
provision that my help India in its endeavor to
be a successful agriculture nation, an
occupation she has relied on since years.
3. E-Kisaan:
Link a farmer to an agriculture expert, and
what do you get?
Better crops, better returns and overall a
better condition for the farmers in rural area.
While the agriculture sector continues to
flourish in other countries, we still heard of
suicidal cases among farmers due to bad crops
or increasingly growing debt.
Using idea of http://ekranti.ciol.com/, a TV
show for the farmers, why not provide village a
internet link allowing a farmer to directly
connect to a expert guiding him for better
crops and subsequently better returns.
4. E-Registration /Citizen
Allow citizens to directly register online for
driving licenses, registrations of
vehicles/property and allowing payment of
bills in association of banks.
5. E-Transport

A web based facility to get driver licenses,
provide vehicle registration, collection of
challans and fees. I extend the idea of vahan
and sarathi models provided by the state
transport authority, Tamil Nadu government in
a paper of E-governance at Regional
Transport offices.
Citizens to Government:
Using the idea of OECD Handbook on
Information, Consultation and Public
Participation in Policy-Making, the citizen
shoulders the responsibility of being an active
citizen that involves in decision making from a
passive one, whose mere responsibility is to vote
once in 5 years. The approach and activities shown
in this handbook support and complement formal
institutions of democracy, and strengthen the
democratic process.
I try to envisage the citizen to government
interaction by two protocols:
1. E-Voting
Using Information Technology as a means of
voting would enable us to provide our votes
and formulating the conclusion at almost run-
time.
2. E-Census
Use e-governance as a tool, to implement
Information Technology during the time of
census. It focuses on being computer-oriented
rather manual labor.
Of course, both these fields require implementing
strict authentication and security protocols, but to
implement it would mean, having to do away with
mass costs involved and also the labor.
Proceedings of the National Conference; 2011
The major scope of e-governance is E-
PARLIAMENT.
www.IBNlive.in states that every parliament session
works at a cost of over Rs.200 crores. Imagine
spending that much amount of money for wasted
winter session which results in deadlock most of the
time. Also in a true democracy, worth of Parliament
cannot be ruled out.
So what can e-parliament do for us? Based on the
gravity of the issue, use Information technology to
bridge in every Member of Parliament/State or party
for hassle-free yet authentic communication.
How do we implement it, is provided in next topic.
How to implement E-governance:
From what e-governance can do for us, we do learn
one thing i.e. the scope of e-governance is vast.
Like, green revolution was a boon for Indian
Agriculture that cultivated the beginning of new era
in 1965; it is the time for the Information
Technology era. Indeed with many departments
being computerized, this would lead to smooth and a
transparent democracy. Let us try to figure how E-
governance can be achieved?
1. Social Security Number
I extend the idea of Employees’ provident fund
organization, initiative of Ministry of Labor
and Employment, Government of India. In
this, provide every citizen of India, with a
unique 14-digit number called the Social
Security Number (SSN).
SSN would help us in a number of ways. Its
primary benefit would be to acknowledge
proper interaction of citizen to government and
vice-versa. It would help us in facilitating
E-Governance
proper groundwork for e-census and voting. A
citizen would no longer be an individual with
different numbers and cards like ration card,
driving license and passport number.
The SSN would help map a person to a
number. How would it help?
a. Implementation of E-
registration/Citizen: With the SSN
number, our implementation of E-
citizen would no longer be a
hypothetical argument. E-citizen would
help our citizens enjoy a variety of
privileges various government
departments would provide.
b. Ease of maintaining records: Every
person would no longer require
separate numbers. A common SSN
would work perfectly fine.
c. E-Census: A unique SSN would help us
perfectly identifying all our set of
queries.
d. Control on Black Money/Hoarding:
An indirect ramification, The Indian
Government would be able to access a
particular person’s bank
accounts/assets more easily with his
SSN number.
e. Illegal Migrants: Controlling the flow
of illegal migrants in our country.
Setting up satellite links/computer units for E-
Kisaan and other Government to citizen
Interactions:
EDUSAT, an Indian satellite was specifically
established for education system. More such
satellites and computer units are required to
facilitate better education networks and other
consequent actions it may lead to.
With each village getting a dedicated a satellite link
and interface like Computers/LCD screens and
means of communication it would benefit us in the
long run. How?
a. E-Education: Setting up such links would
help us in providing quality education to
different schools/colleges at village level too.
b. E-Health: Linking different hospitals, ones at
village level to ones located in cities. Would
help in improvement of quality of healthcare.
c. E-Kisaan: Provision of accessing quality
information regarding crops with the
extensive use of Internet.
d. E-Transport: Usage of more models like the
vahan and sarathi as implemented by the
State Transport Authority, Tamil Nadu.
e. Another major implementation such links
would provide would be Grievances being
heard, an extension of E-
Citizen/Registration. E-governance would
open up a very important functionality of
Information Technology. What better than
the fact that now a citizen could open a
centralized Website and provide his
grievances against and local department/
state or central government which could be
used as a parameter to judge the government
as well?
f. E-mail between politicians and between
politicians and departments can be easily
established. Since many state governments
are providing Lap tops to their MPs and
MLA’s, they can publish their home pages on
Internet, to act as constituency interaction
center, an idea Mr. Vikas Kanungo SPeG
envisages.
g. Indeed this would help us taking e-
grievances at a local level before taking the
matter to centralized government centers.
This would help us in our bid for a
transparent democracy in which every action
of an incumbent will be scrutinized by not

only higher-level authorities but also
concerned citizens of India.
h. E-Parliament: Of all the major
implementations of E-Governance, the one
main implementation that no research paper
addressed upon was E-Parliament. Indian
Parliament session has its own set of issues
that needs to be addressed. An average
amount of Rs 200Cr. is spent whenever a
parliament is in session. Apart from
monetary reasons, most of the time the
parliament session is wasted in ruckus
behavior, with no major decision being
made. Of course the importance of
centralized parliament session cannot be
undermined.
i. In such a condition, depending upon the
gravity of situation e-parliament can be
implemented. Whenever it seems as if no
major bill/issue needs to be addressed, e
parliament is used. E-Parliament involves
various state bodies or a collection of
different states collaborating at a fixed
headquarters which would be equipped with
state of art facilities. Not only would this
help in cutting down major costs but also
preventing the major ruckus/disorderly
behavior of MP’S in the parliament.
j. Of course, it is not necessary to implement
E-parliament at central level. Initiatives
should be taken by each legislative assembly
in the state to provide such interfaces to its
MLA’s. This would not only help in deciding
how much E-Parliament would be successful
in near future but also help us in providing
the necessary framework that would be
required to implement E-parliament at a
larger level.
Setup Required for Implementing E-Governance
1. Infrastructure
Setting up E-governance at a vast level that
involves activities like providing every citizen of
the 2nd most populated country in the world i.e.
India with a Social Security Number and then
Proceedings of the National Conference; 2011
providing facilities like E-Health aiming for
better health facilities at every possible level, E-
education which aims at providing education for
every child of every village or automating the
transport department in every state is a costly
and intricate task. An elaborate planning and
framework is required for setting up such an
infrastructure. Ministry of Information
Technology should be provided more powers in
collaboration with Ministry of Planning to set up
guidelines for infrastructure development.
2. Database Development
Any implementation at National level requires a
proper database development. It is important
that a database is developed which is compatible
with the current database architecture. A
database at this level requires concepts like data
warehousing and data mining.
Data Warehousing is a collection of corporate
information, derived directly from operational
systems and some external data sources.
Data Mining is a branch of computer science and
artificial intelligence is the process of extracting
patterns from data.
These databases should integrate into a data
warehouse for analytical data mining to support
decision-making. Different applications may
require different languages, a coherent data
integration policy need to be developed.
National Citizen Database which is the primary
unit of data for all governance vertical and
horizontal applications across the state and
central governments, an idea Mr. Vikas Kanungo
extends.
3. Authentication
E-Governance
Authentication is confirming something to be
true as said/ provided. In a computer
oriented environment, it is much more
important. When dealing with sensitive
issues like voting/census or provision of
social security number, authentication has a
huge role to play.
Allowing the private sector to provide
authentication or building a proper
framework both are possible solutions of
authentication.
4. Language Diversity
In a country with 1652 mother tongues, ten
major script systems, language development
and language use pose major challenges.
Through manipulation of language use in
education and enforcing the notion of a
dominant and a standard language or
dialect, millions of children are made
illiterate in their mother tongue. A thought
rightly extended by Jennifer M. Bayer in the
paper “Indian Television Globalizes
Multilingualism But Is Counterproductive”,
he is quick to point that Television is
important for the socio-economic
transformation of the country; language is
the conduit between the two; and therefore,
it is significant to study its impact as a means
of a futuristic trend set to guide language
management in India.
It’s not just television that a huge role to
play, also Internet and the Web applications
to caters e-governance must make sure it
provides the necessary mapping that spans
across all the dialects/languages.
Development of software compliant to all
languages is an uphill task, but is a
prerequisite for E-governance to be
successful.
5. Verification and Validation
With reference to a paper
“Verification/Validation/Certification”,
Carnegie Mellon University
I try to state how important verification and
validation is “In the development of an
embedded system, it is important to be able
to determine if the system meets
specifications and if its outputs are correct.
This is the process of verification and
validation (V & V) and its planning must
start early in the development life cycle. Both
aspects are necessary as a system meeting its
specifications does not necessary mean it is
technically correct and vice versa. There are
many different V & V techniques which are
applicable at different stages of the
development life cycle. The results of V & V
forms an important component in the safety
case, which is a document, used to support
certification. Certification is usually pursued
due to either legal reasons or economic
advantages. The certification process also
starts from the beginning of the life cycle and
requires cooperation between the developer
and regulatory agency from the very start.
Thorough V & V does not prove that the
system is safe or dependable, and there is
always a limit to how much testing is enough
testing. In addition, certification does not
prove that a system is correct, so it does not
eliminate the developer's legal and moral
obligations. Therefore, extreme care should
be taken in the development of embedded
systems to make sure that the right amount of
time is spent on V & V, and also that

certification not be used to prove that a
system is correct.”
Software Testing is an important term in
Information Technology, as important as
Development of software. Software testing
makes sure that the software implemented at
highest possible level is maintainable and
tested with different loads for reliability and
has capacity to recover from errors and is
easy to manage in the long run.
6. Certifications and testing for Standards
Certifications are a set of fixed parameters
set up various multinationals with the main
aim to make sure that particular software
conforms to the requirements.
This is important that it tells us, where does
our framework stand? What capabilities
does it have, and what can we expect out of
our software.
7. Inexpensive software
India can bear the onus of building huge
software to support electronic governance
but can she bear the costs involved at
everyday stage?
A recent government report said “seventy-
seven percent of Indians, about 836 million
people, live on less than half a dollar a day.
India is considered as one of the hottest
economies of the world but now it seems, it
needs to do something about the enormous
inequalities.
The report entitled “Conditions of Work and
Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganized
Sector” by the state-run National
Commission for Enterprises in the
Proceedings of the National Conference; 2011
Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) said, most of
those living on below 50 US cents per day
were from the informal labor sector with no
job or social security, living in abject
poverty. For most of them, conditions of
work are utterly deplorable and livelihood
options extremely few. What about these
people?
How can we afford the 77% of people below
poverty line to make use of such software?
For this an inexpensive platform that is not a
burden on the poverty stuck people is
required.
This gives rise to one of the problems we
would discuss ahead.
Problems in implementing e –governance and
solutions:
1. Funding
Whenever any platform has to be
implemented at national level, a huge
funding is involved. In a pure economist
term, funding needs to be planned on the fact
that how soon would the investment start
yielding returns.
The cost becomes manifold when we aim for
Information-Technology oriented changes.
Laying down a database that maps all the
different civic agencies is a hard ask.
Any implementation at this level should
involve the private sector with scope of some
margin of profit for them.
Funding should also aim at providing two
mechanisms:
a. Cost-Cutting mechanisms
E-Governance
b. Revenue Generation
With e-governance, we aim for an economy
that is transparent, no more hassles of
department delays/bribery and corruption
prevailing at almost strata’s of society.
Also the amount of money that the
government spends to be media centric
would drastically go down. No need for
manual flow of information too.
Revenue generation would involve
mechanisms like advertisements at successful
web portals, providing special services at a
premium.
2. Poverty and Population
Poverty and population are two different
topics that indirectly affect each other, but I
have clubbed them under one topic mainly
because of the reason that both have the
same impact on implementing e-governance.
According to the Urban Poverty Report,
2009, “Urban India has a high incidence of
poverty despite being hailed as an engine of
growth and instrument of globalization.
Eighty-one million people subsist in urban
areas on incomes that are below the poverty
line. The pace of urbanization in India is set
to increase, and with it, urban poverty and
urban slums.”
In such scenario, Government shoulders a
more important responsibility to alleviate
poverty-stuck people rather than worrying
about providing software solutions to this
stratum.
Population is another roadblock that e-
governance faces during execution time.
Standing 2nd at the population index and
tipped to topple over China, at any point of
time how does India expect to implement
dynamic concepts like Social Security
Number is unknown.
The only solution I can think of is passing the
onus to local authorities. If implementation
originates from the state governments, then
neither the implementation would be timely
nor would it be efficient to invade into rural
sectors.
An intelligent approach would be to make
each Local Panchayat responsible for its
own village/basti. Distribution of social
security cards, verification of records to
check for illegal migrants should be carried
out by the local civic bodies under the
supervision of state agencies.
This process requires a huge manpower and
time, an effort that would be able to generate
employment for the skilled and unskilled
laborers for a while.
3. Illegal Migrants
Apart from the issue of Population and
Poverty another major factor is the Influx
of Illegal Migrants. Illegal Migrants be it
due to economic reasons or due to
persecution of various reasons upsets the
scale of census/voting and other rights in an
area.
Due to the concentration of the illegal
immigrants in certain pockets, they
determine the fate of the election there. Thus,
the person that wins will be chosen not by
Indians, but by foreigners. They can well
form significant blocks, whose interest will
necessarily clash with those of the country.

One thus sees a major security throat in the
situation. In addition, economic policies will
also be determined by foreigners, through
subversion of the political process.
4. Language diversity
India is a land of diversities, be it in the
terms of what we eat, what we speak or what
we do. Go a hundred miles away and you see
an apparent change in the dialect. In a
country with 1652 mother tongues, ten major
script systems, language development and
language use pose major challenges.
Steps must be taken to ensure that whatever
platform is implemented is common to all
and includes steps for language mapping.
5. Privacy/Authentication/Delivery of
Services
Accepting the fact that e-governance faces major
hurdles, even if it is implemented in small
sections like it is being done. It is important
that privacy of netizens is intact with proper
mechanisms for authentication so that no
fraudulent work is carried out on the name
of a law-abiding citizen.
In a world of IT, the criminal faces have the
tendency to make use of existing platform to
harm Government’s web portals and the
netizens concerned. It is important that steps
are taken to provide cyber security for all.
Also it is important that E-delivery of services
takes place in a seamless way to the poorest
of poor located in some remote village.
An implementation of this is the brick and
mortar method i.e. the Post office System of
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India, the most extensive means of
communication in India.
This would ensure that both the quality of
services and the delivery of services are
maintained.
Perhaps the most important resource in India that is
vastly untapped and has to be extracted and
executed is India’s manpower. The desire to surge is
an important factor that has to be cultivated and
channeled in the right area.
We call this term the Human Capacity. Let me
start with the problems being faced and then we
would shift to what can be done to mitigate the
problem of Human Capacity.
1. Unawareness
In a country that shambles to achieve 100%
literacy, expecting the poorest to be a
computer-literate indeed sounds far-fetched.
A lot has to be done, not only in the rural
section but also in urban section to aim for
computer literacy. Incentives should be
provided by the government for computer
education.
It requires the state and the central
government to setup small computer units in
each village, with a trained operative that
could impart the basic computer-oriented
skill set, in the local language to the
particular stratum.
2. Brain-Reluctance
Brain-Reluctance is a euphemism to portray
the sluggish attitude of the government
servants. With the exception of few,
Government offices continue in the state of
apathy with most of the government servants
E-Governance
preferring to roll the buck and idle away
time in activities that are of no benefit to the
citizens and to the department as well.
3. Crisis-Driven
The Indian Government and its departments
both are crisis driven. The basic reason
behind is our approach. Instead of being
target-oriented, we are deadline-oriented.
It is important that instead of focusing on
how to meet the deadline, the focus should be
on how to achieve those goals in a shorter
time span with better results.
The Government sector must take cue from
the private sector companies and both brain-
reluctance and crisis driven attitudes can be
met with an incentive-based policy.
With majority of our problems of human
capacity listed out, I would like to put forward
few suggestions that can be used to deal with
this.
1. Recruitment Procedure
A rather intelligent approach would be to
change the recruitment policies so as to lay
emphasis on computer education. People
with computer literacy should be preferred
for vacancies in government offices. This
would should government’s pro-active
behavior towards IT-oriented workforce.
2. Making IT education Compulsory
It-education should be made a compulsory
subject in schools/colleges/and other
entrance exams.
This is an important step as this would help
in achieving IT-based literacy in the whole of
India including her villages. This would also
facilitate in innovative learning and better
understandability.
3. Identifying mentors
Provision of mentors for the citizens, to
which they can refer to with their questions
and doubts at every level of society.
What the Indian Government has done and what
more is required?
1. Establishment of Cyber Law: According to
IPR & Cyberspace – Indian Perspective
authored by Rohas Nagpal, Cyber Law is
the law governing cyber space which
includes software, hardware and other
database units.
Cyber law makes sure that laws and strict
regulations are enforced and violation of
these rules could lead to imprisonment.
Cyber law enforces strict implementations to
provide data security. Cyber Law also
provides measures to enforce privacy and
guarding intellectual property.
Cyber crimes are unlawful and maybe
targeted against individuals/organizations
and nations.
The Indian government took the first step to
protect its cyberspace by passing the
Information Technological Bill, 1999.
2. Establishment of ICT( Information and
Communication Technology) :
On 27 May 2004, Dayanidhi Maran, the
minister of communication and information
technology in India’s newly elected
government, released a 10-point plan to
encourage the development of the Country’s
ICT.
The plan aims at creating and regulating
physical infrastructure to enable adoption
of technologies, a point I have focused on
since the start. Also it focuses on shifting of
IPv6 from the current existing IPv4 which is

the Information Protocol for the next
generation (also called IPng).
3. Convergence Bill: The convergence bill was
implemented in 2000, and was meant to
replace the Telegraph Act of 1985. This bill
aimed at licensing and regulating all the
communication and entertainment
companies. The main crux of the bill
advocated the fact that the Information
Technology, Communication Industry and
the Entertainment Industry are merging and
should be taken as a single entity.
The convergence bill and the ICT hardly were
based on public interest and their needs; it
did not broadcast what the citizens of India
wanted. Rather, it focused on how
corporations could implement Information
Technology.
It is important that public interest is kept in
mind as it is the underlying principle of E-
Governance.
1. It is important that the various departments
are held responsible for their actions. Any
department found lax in its working should
be penalized and necessary action against
incumbents taken. Not only would it
increase the efficiency but also help in
enforcing transparency in functioning of
various departments.
2. RTI (Right to Information) is a strong and
powerful tool, so is PIL (Public Interest
Litigation).
It is important that these tools are further
strengthened so that the citizens have the
right to look at how the government is
functioning, what policy it advocates and
how it goes about executing it? With e-
governance and tools like RTI and PIL, our
efforts to strive for a true democracy would
definitely bear fruit.
3. Cyberspace and Internet are dynamically
changing processes. With every passing
day, technological advances are made in
this field. It is important that all our laws
Proceedings of the National Conference; 2011
are able to deal with the unscrupulous
elements aiming to hamper our growth.
So laws like Cyber law and
implementations like ICT are dynamic in
nature too, that are finely tuned with its
environment.
4. A basic implementation that the
government can enforce is compulsory
education and provision of
diplomas/degrees with more centre of
Information Technology setup across the
country.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion that I could arrive on in my research
paper is that E-governance is an important step in a
country as large as India. E-governance would lead
India to better governance, with decrease in
corruption, black money, and hoarding and thus a
clearer and progressive economy.
The problems are magnanimous, but can be dealt
with.
In spite of poverty and population, efforts from other
responsible citizens of India would definitely help us
overcome all the hardships. Better education, better
health facilities, better communication and a clearer
democracy is something a country strives for and e-
governance would help us in realizing these very
goals.
E-governance would provide us with a better
infrastructure and a platform that would give equal
rights to all the citizens of this country, irrespective
of their religion, region, caste and creed.
The problems are numerous, yet the solutions and
the aim reachable. While a lot has been done, a lot
more is required and Indian Government continues
to implement it on its road to E-Governance.
REFERENCES
1. OECD e-book Citizens as Partners -
Information, Consultation and Public
Participation in Policy-Making
[http://www.oecd.org/publications/
EBook/ 4201131E.Pdf]
2. SpeG, A society for promotion of e-
E-Governance

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egovernancepaper.doc]
3. E-Kranti, first TV show on agriculture. Acceptability by Dr.Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi
and
[http://ekranti.ciol.com/]
Ajay Kumar Bharti
4. Draft of EPF India on SSN,
Journal of Theoretical and Applied
[http://www.epfindia.com/ Information
SOCIALSECURITYNUMBER.htm] Technology
5. E-Governance at Regional Transport Offices
in Tamil Nadu,2007, National Informatics
Centre Tamil Nadu State Centre
[http://www.tn.nic.in/tnhome/projectfiles/
Brochure-transport.pdf]
6. Indian television globalizes
Multilingualism but is
Counterproductive
Jennifer M. Bayer, PhD
7. Verification/Validation/Certification

18-849b Dependable Embedded Systems

Spring 1999
Author: Eushiuan Tran

8. Conditions of Work and Promotion of

Livelihoods in the Unorganized Sector

By the National Commission for Enterprises

In the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS)

9. Facts about poverty,

[http://page11.wordpress.com/2007/08/12/

india-77-people-lived-below-the-poverty-
line/]

10. IPR & Cyberspace – Indian Perspective

Authored by Rohas Nagpal