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KAREN NEWSLETTER rwfv/ 2011 ckEpS f Volume(15) Issue(3) , 2011

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enf;enf;tcufawGŒw,f æ qkcsD;jr‡ifhcHcJh&wmyg æ 'Dqkay;wmyg æ
pmrsuEf mS (5) pmrsuEf mS (11) pmrsuEf mS (13)

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xkid ;f Ekid if qH idk &f m tar&d rwfv 28&uf? ol&mG om;rsm; 'kuaQ &mufae&jcif;
uefjynfaxmifpk (US)trsK;d orD; eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) jzpfonf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymqdk
oHtrwfjzpfoK l sistie Kenney xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd ae=uonf?
u xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf & S d r,f r=umc% ypfcwfrr_ sm; jzpfymG ;ae ,cktcsdefwGif a0:av
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ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;ausmif ; ES i f h a0:avaus;&G m wG i f +yD ; cJ h o nf h jzihf awmif,mcif;/ ajymif;pdu k cf if;
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a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 2OD; rdik ;f eif;rdum '%f&mjyif;xef tcsdefjzpf+yD; ajrjr‡yfrdkif;'%fudk
oHtrwf (Mrs. Ksi- onfhtwGuf ,cktcsdefwGif rJ a=umuf v ef @ ae=uaomf v nf ;
stie Kenney)onf ,ae@reuf aqmufaq;±kHY aq;ukor_ cH,l rdrw
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10em&Dcef@wGif a'gufwmpifoD ae&a=umif; &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;. jzpfrae vkyf&rnf[k v,fha[mf
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a'gufwmpifoD,marmif. r,f xdkifonfh 19ESpft&G,f &Gmom; &ufae@u a0:avaus;&Gmol}uD;
awmfaq;cef;okd@ vma&mufcJh+yD; wpfOD;onf ,refae@u a0:av rsm;ESihf puc(5)/ AsL[m(1)rS tm
aemuf vlra_ &;tzGŒJ rsm;rS zGiv hf pS f aus;&Gm&Sd AsL[mukef;tay:ydkif; %mydik w f csKŒd onf a0:ava'o&Sd
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r,fv'kuQonfpcef;&Sd ynma&;/ eif;rdco hJ jzihf '%f&mjyif;ovdk rwf uavmf a 0:/ v,f h a [mf / aumf
usef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd avh v 26&ufae@uvnf; trsK;d orD; q,f ponfhaus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gmol
vmoGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? wpfOD; rdkif;eif;rdum '%f&m&&SdcJh }uD;rsm;udk a0:avaus;&GmwGif
ol r u “tar&d u ef jcif;a=umif; rJaqmufaq;±ko H @kd yd@k ac:,l a wG @ qH k c J h p Of u ajymqd k c J h
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rme,fpyf)u vlO;D a& tawmfrsm; orD;wpfO;D u ,ckvkd ajymonf? ol}uD;wpfOD;u ajymonf?
rsm;ukd yHyh ;dk cJwh myg? 'ga=umifh 'DrmS olru “rdkif;eif;rdwJh ol u “Armppf w yf u
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H rwf Mrs. Ksistie Kenney ESihf a'gufwmpifo,
D marmif (Photo-KIC) aumifav;u rJaqmufaq;±krH mS udk,fhajrudk,fh+cHrSm jyefvmrae
a&;vkyfief/ ynma&;vkyfief;eJ@ Mrs. Ksistie Kenn- txl;ojzifhawmh a&G;aumufyGJ
pcef;rS jyefvnfxu G cf mG cJoh nf[k ydk@vdkuf+yD? '%f&mu awmfawmf bl;? rvkyb f ;l qd&k if tjcm;ae&mu
'kuQonfpcef;awG&JΠtajctae ey onf r,fawmfaq;cef;okd@ aemufykdif;rSm vlxkawGeJ@ wnf
r,fvpcef;OuUX apmxGe;f xGe;f u jyif;w,f? ajcESpzf ufpvH;k a=urG vlawGukd ac:+yD;awmh vmvkycf ikd ;f
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awmh oufqidk &f m vkyif ef;wm0ef rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifh pD'DpDausmif; taeeJ@ 'kuQonfawGjzpfap/ a&$Œ
pcef;tajctaeukd avhvm=unfh =um;&w,f? 26&ufae@vnf; &Gm awG qHk;±_H;vdrfhr,fvdk@ &Gmol}uD;
cHawGeJ@ ukd,fwkdifvmawGŒqkHwm om;ausmif;oltcsKdŒESifh awGŒqkH ajymif;vlxkawG&JŒ usef;rma&;/
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jzpfygw,f? aemufxyf olw@dk bm E_wfqufum r,fawmfaq;cef; ynma&;udpjP zpfap/ qufvuf yHh
wmxuf pcef;&JŒtajctaerSeu f dk udyk J yd@k vu kd wf ,f? &GmxJrmS jyefae a=umihf rdkif;a=umufayr,fh jyef
awGvkyfaqmifrvJeJ@ a&SŒqufol . vkyfief;ykdif;qkdif&mXmersm;ukd ykd;oGm;rJhtajctaerSm usrwkd@
vufawGŒavhvm=unf±h +_ yD; ouf xdkifwJh &Gmol&Gmom;awGuawmh vmvk y f & r,f ? zvl ; buf r S m
wk@d udk b,fvu dk n l yD yhH ;dk ay;qkwd m avhvm=unfh±_cJh+yD;aemuf a'guf b,fvkdyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&rvJ
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rsm;ukd ajym=um;cJo h nf? aqmuf&Sd usef;rma&;/ vlr_a&;/ w,f?”[k qko d nf? xkid ;f Ekid if qH idk &f m tar&d onf? a0:ava'owGif ppf
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tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k xkid ;f - 3zGJŒrS wm0ef&SdoltcsKdŒESifh em&D tie Kenney)ESihf tzGŒJ onf nae
oHtrwfjzpfol (Ksistie Kenn- wGif etzwyfzGJ@rsm;/ wdk;wuf wyfzGJ@wdk@ 2010ckESpf Edk0ifbmv
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a&Smuf&ef vlom;csif;pmemonfh ywfoufI a'gufwmpifoD,m a'gi/f pmoifausmif;/ aq;±k/H roef
ðyvkyfief;ESifh 'kuQonfrsm;tajc om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf 5OD; '%f&m&&Sd+yD; 1OD; aoqHk;cJh
taejzifh wESpfv#if tar&duef armifu “USoHtrwfvmwm rpG r f ; 'k u Q d w Xme/ wwd , Ek d i f i H
taeukd yxrOD;qkH;t}udrftjzpf (KNLA)wyfzGJ@rsm;u ‚if;wdk@. onf[k e,fvSnfhausmydk;tdwf
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a=umif; ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? wqufwnf;wGif EdkifiHawmf/ wdkif;a'o vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf[k a'ocH om;awGukd pm&if;ay;zkd@ olwkd@ onf [ k tqk d y gyk * ~ d K vf u ajym wku d yf jJG zpfymG ;Ekid of nfh tajctae
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Ekid if rH sm;ESihf Edik if }H uD;rsm;wGif Edik if aH &;ajrZmyifrsm;yrm ouf&iS &f yfwnfae
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u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 4


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u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 8


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uMwLI (15) tbhO (3) vgr;&S;< 2011 eHO Volume(15) Issue(3) March, 2011

etz'D; SSPP/SSA
wI'k;tCd [DOu0D:
ursUIwzO xHObO
wIuDwIcJ tuvkPuvkP
vgr;&S; 18oD˜ z.fvRD $”t*h>ef .‹ v f RD $
SHAN (oSsrf;oHawmfqifh) ,dR'd.o f ;k wz.f ok;uhR
v> SSPP/SSA t to;0HRtvD>fcH y,DRok;zdweDR
w>fy>[D.u f 0DRylR etz [JEmk v f RD [;wJ&zd .dS 0f 'J .f o0Dzw d z.f v>t
rR0J w>fx.D 'f ;k tCd [D.u f 0DRo0D rh>f okt.d v f > y,DRok;rk>t f w>fy>
zdwz.f wl>fb.f0J'.f w>fuDw>fcJ zDvmftRH v>w>fb.H w f >fb>t*D>f
tuvkmu f vkmt f rJmnf g wl>b f .f w>fb.f,.d w f td.v f >Rb.ft*h>f ySR
0J'.f w>fr>ql.0f w H >ft*h>f oh.n f g rRw>fb.l w f >fbgzdw*R pH;0JvRD $
b.f cDzs[ d .D u f 0DRw>fupD.f ymfzsg0J “zJw>f';k q>uwD>f zF.f
tCde.‹ fvDR$ (ajrmufausmif;) [;*DRuGHmfw
zJwvgtHR 16oDteHR z.ft*D>f y,DRok; [h.v f RD uhR y,DR
e‹.f w>fv>D v f > etzok; xD.'f ;k e‹>f ph 3uv; uF;vDR$ 0HR'D; v>o0D
w.f,guD>q f .f˜ rJuRD u&l>yf Rl e.f ylR ok;zdwz.f [Jw0J J y,DRok;w

etz [hOwIuvkIvU ,d:'dO ok;rkI'dO vDo0Dzw d z.f wl>b


ql.fwz.f'D; q>uwD>fcJtHR v>
f .f0'J .f w>fr> z.f utH;xGu
w>fb.H w
J >G x
f JG oko0DvRD $ ok
f >fb>t*D>f wb.fu>d *f RD

SSPP/SSA vUuyPvD:pku0J:
o0DyRl o;p>fwz.f wtd.v f >Rb.f w>fv>Rb.f$ y,DRok; [H;CmfxH
tCd etzok;wz.f [;ud;uhR0J uD>fw>fpdw>furDR'D; y>w>ftHRe‹>f
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vgr;&S; 17oD˜ Ekmv f RD c;w>fo0h t J *h>ef .‹ f SSA cd.f rk>cf .d t
f *h>ef .‹ f pH;0J'.fvRD $ SSPP/SSA ok;wz.f b.fok; w>fvD>ft*Rwz.f uuhRtd.fuhR ohe.‹ f urs>>fwz.f td.f0Jv> t0J
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etz ok;y'd.f [h.f0J 'd.fw>fupD.foe‹ (oSsrf;oHawmf pH; 0J˜ “e.fr.f=rD.fwDw>f'k;e‹.f z.fe.‹ v f RD $ avmif;)o0Dzdw*R v>twkR oh.f y>w>fwus>b.ftCd u
w>fuvk>fv> ,dR'd.f ok;rk>f'd.f qifh)e‹.fvDR$ ,Hmf0J 2e.f&H.fngvDR$ v>etz SSPP/SSAod.r f RHS t td.q f l rJ±LS (rkid ;f &SL;) pH;0J'.fvRD $ rs>>fb.fub D .fcv J RD $ ,dR'd.o f ;k e‹.f
SSPP/SSA uymfvRD pku0JR rk>f “y,DRok;wz.fe.‹ f td.f ok;wyR oHb.f'd t*R 20C.fC.f bl;uw>>f v>trh>f UWSA, e.fvo D 0Dzd pH;0J˜ “cDzsd wvJRc;qdt0Jo.h b f .f$ t0Jo.h f
eHRv>cHuw>>f zJvgthjz.h f 1oDt 0Jv>w>fvD>ft,Hmf'D; c;pd0J'.f vDR$ urs>>fwz.fp>h u f ;D b.f't d g0J SSA-S 'D;rJvgok;u&>wz.f v> ySR[;Ch>ftd.fclol.f qlw>f [JCw k >ft.h v f md 'f ;D [J';k pd0J ,dR
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SSPP/SSA ok; v>ttd.f zJe.f uD; w'fo;d b.f$”t*h>f t0J pH;0J cDe.f&.H v f RD $ y,DRok; c;0J uszd ;'d.f u&h.feH.f w>ful.fb.ful.foh ud Cd ySRv>txH.0f w J z.fe.‹ f zD.C
f mf qlrJuD;[D.fu0DRylRwz.f etz
y.fusdrk>fxD.fwyRe‹.f (w.f,g rJ '.fvRD $ wz.f qlo0DyRl [H.w f z.ftusg'D; wdmpf .fqRJ rhrg&J (p0fqidk f rde;f ref; 0J'D; r>0He‹>ftw>f'D; r>[;yF;usJ ok; cv&(33)ok;&h.f w[h.t f cG;J
uDRuvHRpd;wyR˜ rJ&LS uvHRxH; ,d R 'd . f ok ; rk > f ' d . f ' D ; oDcgzF.w f z.f';D v>,dR'd.o f ;k cD'k &kid ;f ) tw>fuwdR'd (1956=60 vDR$ ySRv>ttd.fwD>fwz.fph>fuD; v> uEkmfvDRql rJuD;b.f'D; xk;
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[kdif;)0JRvD>fcd.foh.f td.ftvD>fcJ zJw>f'k;wz.ftwD>fylR v>etz oDteHRe‹.f zJr±J LS (rkid ;f &SL;)uvHR pH;0J'.f˜ “,dR'd.u f rs>>f td.fv>mftCde.‹ f uhRud;uhR0J ySR b.fub D .fc0J 'J .ft*h>ef .‹ f [D.u f 0DR
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ok;rk>'f .d f cd.ef >f'.d x
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vDR$ ok;w>fvD>f v>ttd.fzJ vg&SduD>f rk>x f .D f yJ.yf R‹F o0D˜ egc;o0D';D e.f uh wrh>f yxHuD>f˜ yuD>f&h.f˜ uD>f
v> SSPP/SSA 0JR q.f uvHRpd;wyR vg&Sd'D; rJ&J.f vDo0DylR˜ 16oDteHRe‹.f zJvg&Sd q.f';H b.f$ 'lo0DyRl rh>w f Rk td.f w>f b.ftd.f (olrsm;jyKorSs Ekae& b.ftod;vDR$ w[H;e‹>f w>frRvd
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wyR rRtgxD.f tok;*H>b f gwz.f [D.fu0DRylR'D; vGJ.fcFd.fok;w>fvD>f 0DRylR˜ rJt.D rf >k x f .D w
f yR vG.J cf RdF ok; rh>f y[H.f'H;b.ft*h>f upH;0J'fe‹.f uD; yxH.fb.f SSPP/SSA t wz.f'D; rRo;'fod; t,d;u'g
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f >D o
f ;J od.rf RHS u&>wz.f td.f bD';D ok;zdo.H zf v
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unDw>upD.w>y&X/ vgr;&S;/ 2011eH./ ubsH;yR = 1


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f RD $
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SSPP/SSA td.fol.fqDvDRok; pDR'h.b f .h o
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f sRd 0JRuGmzf w
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f RD $ NDFtHRe‹.f b.fw>f';k
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vD:wJPoH0J tgtg*ID *DI v>mftRH uxk;xD.&f RvDR0J'.fvRD
t*h>fe‹.f ySRv>uxk; xD.f&RvDR
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b.f', d g'Ju0DR KYO
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rsm;twGi;f emqmrS tif*sief , D m aom ESpf 30ausmfu avhvmr_
wpfO;D jzpfol um;vf'&dk efu “a'; rsm;onf pl;prf;avhvma&;,mOf aemufyidk ;f yxrqk;H t}udrf Ak'[ < ;l
Apfbufcrf;&JŒ uGi;f wGi;f / uGi;f jyif . v_ y f & S m ;vnf y wf r _ p epf r sm; ò*d[fukd jyefvnfavhvmjcif;jzpf
rSwfwrf;awGuawmh wu,fpHðy aumif;pGm tvkyv f yk Ef idk jf cif;&Srd &Sd onf? ,mOfonf ò*d[f.rsufESm
avmufygw,f? upm;orm;b0 apmif h = unf h o G m ;rnf j zpf o nf ? jyif t=urf;xnf"mwfykHrsm;ukd
rSm atmifjrifra_ wG &,lEidk cf ±hJ o Hk m rwfv 23&ufae@rpS +yD; ,mOfay: ay;ykd@xm;+yDjzpfonf?
ru +Adwed Ef idk if &H ŒJ tm;upm;qkid f
&m v_yf&Sm;r_awGrSmvnf; oHw
reftjzpf rem;raeaqmif&GufcJh
wma=umifh 'DvkdrsKd; qkcsD;jr‡ifhcHcJh&
wmyg”[k ajym=um;cJhonf?

aeESihf teD;qk;H Ak'[


< ;l ò*d[u
f dk emqm.
pl;prf;avhvma&;,mOf pwifavhvm
tar&duef trsKd;om; ,mOf MESSENGERonf aeESihf a&mufavhvmr_rsm;ukd rwfv 17 urBmESpft& wpfESpf
tumoat*sif p D ( emqm)u teD;qkH;ò*d[fjzpfonfh Ak'<[l;ò*d[f &ufae@wGif pwifcJha=umif; od& 0ef;usif =umjrifhrnfh umvt
v$ww
f ifcahJ om pl;prf;avhvma&; (rmusL&D). ywfvrf;twGi;f 0if onf? wGif; ,mOfonf tyl&Sdefjrifh+yD;

u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 11


jrefrmEki
d i
f &
H dS a&umwmpDru
H e
d ;f rsm; &yfwef@ay;&ef t}udr(f 100)ajrmuf
BRN u awmif;qkd Edi
k i
f w
H um
u autkid pf u D dk ajymonf?
rwfv 14&uf?
eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD)
&majymif;a&$Œr_/ vkyftm;cdkif;apr_
rsm;ukd a'ocHvx l u
k &ifqidk cf pH m;
t"rR a&$ Πajymif ; cd k i f ; wmwk d @ uk d
jynf o l v l x k a wG cH p m;ae&yg
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wnf trsKd;orD;rsm;ae@
aqmufqJESifh wnfaqmuf&ef&Sd
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vuf&Sd
wnfaqmufqJESifh wnfaqmuf
ae&+yD; a&umwmwnfaqmuf
rnfh a'orsm;wGif ppfrufjzpfymG ;
w,f? a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;wJhaemuf
wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdiftzGJŒ
onfh a&umwmpDrHudef;aygif; rJaqmufwi G f usif;y
(25)ck&+dS yD; tqkyd gprD u H ed ;f trsm;
&ef&odS nfh a&umwmpDru H ed ;f rsm; r_rsm; &SdaeonfhtwGufa=umifh awG e J @ ppf t pk d ; &=um;rS m vnf ; rwfv 8&uf? vkyfaqmif&rnfhtpm; twkt
pkonf wkid ;f &if;om;a'orsm;wGif
ukd &yfwef@ay;&ef jrefrmEkid if H jrpf &if;ES;D jr‡KyfEo
HS rl sm;taejzifh ‚if;wk@d wif;rmvmr_awG awGŒjrif&w,f? apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) a,muf 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&w&yf
wnf&Sdonf?
acsmif;rsm;qkid &f muGe, f uf BRN . pDrHudef;rsm;ukd &yfwef@ay;&ef tJ ' D t wG u f a =umif h oH v G i f j rpf ,ae@usa&muf o nf h ay:xGef;a&;udkom óudyrf;cJhonfh
2010 a&G ; aumuf y G J
u jrefrmppftpk;d &ESihf Ekid if w H um awmif;qk&d jcif;jzpfonf[k BRN acsmif;u u&ifa'oawGqdk wku d f t}udrf(100)ajrmuf EdkifiHwum ta=umif;ESihf vuf&Sdjzpfay:ae
aemufykdif; u&ifjynfe,f&Sd e,f
&if;ESD;jr‡yfESHolrsm;tm; ,ae@ us tzGŒJ rS tm;eefu ajymonf? yGjJ zpfymG ;wJt
h wGuaf =umifh a'ocH trsK;d orD;rsm;ae@ukd xdik ;f -jrefrm aom jynfwiG ;f ppfEiS fh Edik if aH &; r
pyf a 'orsm;wG i f ppf t pk d ; &ES i f h
a&mufvmonfh EkdifiHwum a& “t"du ajymcsifwm vlxak wG trsm;tjym; xkid ;f buf e,fpyf rJaqmufòrdŒYvnf; trsK;d wnf+idrfr_a=umihf axmifaygif;
u&if v uf e uf u k d i f t zG J Πrsm;t
umwmqef@usifa&;ae@wGif a=u u 2010 a&G ; aumuf y G J + yD ; wJ h ukd xGufajy;cJh&ygw,f? tJ'Dt orD;or*~ jrefrmEdik if H (WLB)u rsm;pGmaom trsK;d orD; uav;ESifh
=um; wku d yf rJG sm; ykrd jdk zpfymG ;onfh
nmcsuf w apmif xk w f j yef u m aemufykdif;rSm ppftpkd;&bufu wGuaf =umifh &if;ES;D ðr‡yEf o HS al wGjzpf OD;aqmifI tcrf;tem;wck ðy tjypfrjhJ ynforl sm; tdref ;D csi;f Edik if H
twGuf oHvGifjrpf [wf}uD;a&
awmif;qkdvdkufonf? a&umwmwnfaqmufwm awGŒ wJh w±kwf/ tdENd,/ xkdif; ukr`%D vkyfusif;ycJhonf? odk@ xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&onfh
umwm wnfaqmufrnfhae&m
a&umwm pD r H u d e f ; &w,f? a&umwma=umifh jzpfay: awGudk tJ'pD rD u H ed ;f awG &yfwef@z@dk ,ckvdk *k%fðyyGJtcrf; ta=umif; yg&Sdonf?
w0kduf&Sd aomif;ESifhcsDaom 'kuQ
rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:vmonfh ae vmwJ h qk d ; usKd ; jzpf w J h twif ; awmif;qk&d wmjzpfw,f?”[k olr tem; usi;f y&jcif;ESifh ywfoufI u&iftrsK;d orD;tpnf;
onfrsm; xkid ;f Ekid if b H ufudk xGuf
ajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJh&onf? (WLB) obmywdtzGJŒ0ifwOD; t±k;H (KWO)rS wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;
oHvGifjrpfurf;wGif a'ocHrsm; a&umwmqef@usifa&; v_yf&Sm;r_ jyKvkyfae=upOf
‚if;tjyif tjcm; o#r;f / jzpfol a':Edk;Edk;xufpHu “'DEdkifiH rSL; (1)aemfbvl;rif;Edu k Zf u
H “Edik f
ucsiEf iS hf u&ifeaD 'orsm;wGif a& wum trsKd;orD;ae@udk usrwdk@ iHwumrSm trsK;d orD; tcGit fh a&;
umwmpD r H u d e f ; rsm; wnf usi;f y&wm[m vGecf +hJ yD;wJh trsK;d eJ@ ywfouf+yD; jyXmef;xm;wm t
aqmufv#u&f adS e+yD; tqkyd ga'o orD;awG&JŒ v_yf&Sm;r_udk todt rsm;}uD;yJ? vufawGŒusihfoHk;wm
rsm;wGif ppftpkd;&u xkd;ppfrsm; rSwfðywmyg? aemufwcku usr enf;w,f? txl;ojzihf jrefrm
topfqifE&JG ef jyifqifrr_ sm;&Sad e wd@k jrefrmEdik if u H tjcm;Edik if aH wGe@J jynfppftm%m&Sif vufatmuf
onf [ k ,ae@xk w f j yef o nf h rwlwJhtcsufayhgaemf? usrwdk@u rSm usrwd@k wdik ;f &if;om; trsK;d o
(BRN). xkwjf yefcsuw ud,
f iG f azmf k Ehf ikd if &H ŒJ trsK;d orD;awG&ŒJ b0 rD;awG yd+k yD;zdEydS cf &H wmudk rsu0f g;
jyxm;onf? udk xif[yfjyowJh ae&mwckt xifxifjrif&wke;f yJ? 'ga=umihf t
tvm;wl u&ifjynf jzpfvnf; zefw;D +yD;awmh 'DEikd if w H rsKd;orD;tcGihfta&; tjynfht0&
e,f a jrmuf y k d i f ; oH v G i f j rpf w um trsK;d orD;rsm;ae@ukd usi;f y& zd@k wduk yf 0JG if&tH;k r,f? trsK;d om;
av#muf&Sd [wf}uD;a&umwm wm jzpfygw,f?”[k ajymonf? awG v nf ; yl ; aygif ; yg0if z d k @ vd k
wnfaqmufrnfh a'ow0kduf&Sd {nfhy&dwf\wf 100 w,f?”[k ajymonf?
a'ocHvlxkrsm; pkpnf;um a& eD;yg;wufa&mufcJhonfh tqdkyg etz ppftpdk;&tae
umwmpDrHudef; &yfwef@a&;t tcrf;tem;wGif (WLB)u xkwf jzihf wdik ;f &if;om;a'oY xd;k ppf&yf
wGuf ‚if;wkd@ukd;uG,f,kH=unf&m jyefa=unmcsuw f apmif xkwjf yef wef@+yD; awGŒqHak qG;aEG;yGðJ yvky&f ef/
bmomrsm;jzifh qkawmif;yGJrsm; cJ+h yD; trsK;d orD;ESifh ywfoufonfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk;
Photo-KIC ,ae@ðyvkyfcJh=uonf? eH&Huyfyef;csDum;rsm; jyoxm; v$waf y;&efEiS fh ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm w
jcif;ESifh “aumufusprf t _ zHzk kH npf &m;0ifcGihfðyxm;onfh trsKd;orD;
enf ; pH k ” trnf & S d 2010 a&G ; rsm;tay: t"rRðyusifhr_rsm; &yf
Hobson's choice a&G;aumufyt
JG pD&ifcp
H m aumufyJG tóudumvu ðypkxm; wef@ay;&efwdk@udk (WLB) a=u
onf h tcsuf t vuf p mtk y f u d k nmcsuw f iG f awmif;qdxk m;onf?
BNI xkwjf yef vnf; jzef@a0cJhonf? WLBwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
WLB xkwjf yefco hJ nfh &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;trsK;d orD;tzGŒJ 0if
rwfv 8&uf? choice qdw k phJ um;u a&G;cs,cf iG fh aumufyGJESihf oufqdkifaom t tpd;k &rsK;d vJqw kd m odapcsiw f ,f? a=unmcsuw f iG f vuf&pdS pftpd;k & aygi;f 12zGŒJ yg0if+yD; 1999ckEpS u f
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) vrf;r&Sw d hJ a&G;vrf;ayg?h qdv k ckd sif a=umif;t&mrsm;udk BNI owif; od+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&ifvnf; olwdk@(EdkifiH onf Edik if aH &; ðyjyifajymif;vJa&; pwif zGJŒpnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
jrefrmppftpd;k & }uD;rSL; wmuawmh 'Da&G;aumufyGJom XmetzGJŒ0ifrsm;rS owif;tcsuf wumtodkif;t0dkif;) 'Dtpdk;&t ESifh trsK;d orD;b0 vHòk cHr&_ adS pa&; Ô
usif;yonfh 2010a&G;aumufyGJ a&G;vdu k vf yk v f u kd w
f ,f? od@k aomf tvufrsm; pkaqmif;+yD; tpD&ifcH zGŒJ eJ@ b,fvq kd ufq&H rvJqw kd m
wGif jynfolrsm;. vGwfvyfpGm vnf;yJ vlxu k wu,fwrf;a&G; pm xkwfjyefjcif;jzpfonf[k od& udkvnf; olwdk@u qHk;jzwfEdkifrSm
a&G;cs,cf iG rfh &So d nfh tajctaeESifh &rSmawmh etzygwjD zpfwhJ }uHzh ŒHG onf? ayhg? tJ'g t"duygyJ”[k ajym
ywfoufI &nf!Gef;xm;aom ygwyD jJ zpfw,f? tJ'gukd azmfjycsif ,cktpD&ifcHpm xkwf onf?
Hobson's choice “a&G;cs,cf iG fh wmjzpfw,f?”[k ajymonf? jyefjcif;tm;jzihf owif;axmuf xd@k tjyif u&ifowif; wdkif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;. rJormr_ wGif wdik ;f &if;om;Xmersm; tygt
vrf;r&Sdonfh a&G;vrf;”trnf&Sd pmrsuEf mS 134rsuEf mS rsm;twGuf rsm;pGmtusKd;&Sdovdk Xme t,f'Dwm eef;azmha*u rsm;ESifh ppftpd;k &bufrS wjcm;yg 0if tzGŒJ 0if (11)zGŒJ jzihf yl;aygi;f yg
tpD&ifcpH mwpftyk u f kd Edik if w
H um &Sd t*Fvyd b f mojzihf xkwaf 0onfh jrefrmjynfudk tkyfpdk;rnfh tpdk;& vnf; a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wDrsm;tay: ydwyf ifwm;qD;r_rsm; 0ifxm;onfh BNIonf 2008ck
jrefrmhowif;Xme (BNI)rS ,ae@ ‚if;tpD&ifcpH mxJwiG f rnfonfyh g onf rnf o nf h t pd k ; &rsKd ; jzpf EdkifiHwum owif;Xmersm;ESihf ud k ouf a otaxmuf t xm; ESpu
f xkwjf yefco hJ nfh vlxq k ENcH
xkwfjyefvdkufonf? wDrsm;yg0ifta&G;cHjcif;/ rnfou l a=umif; Edik if w
H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f rS jynfya&muf jrefrmowif;Xme rsm;ESiw fh uG tpD&ifcpH mwGif a&; ,lyq JG ikd &f m tpD&ifcpH m tygt0if
tqdkyg tpD&ifcHpmudk ta&G;cH&+yD; 0ef}uD;jzpfvmonfh od&SdemvnfI a&SŒqufjrefrmt rsm;rS vufvrS ;f rrSED ikd o f nfh wdik ;f om;xkwfjyefxm;onf? tpD&ifcpH m (2)ck xkwjf yefEikd cf +hJ yD;
xdik ;f Edik if H befaumufòrdŒ&Sd Edik if jH cm; ta=umif;/ a&G;aumufyGJtwGif; pd;k &ESifh rnfo@kd qufq&H rnfukd qH;k &if;om;a'orsm;wGif tao;pdwf ,ae@ðyvkyo f nfh BNI [k od&onf?
om;owif ; axmuf r sm;uvyf etzppftpd;k &u rnfonft h rde@f jzwfEdkifrnfjzpfonf[k OD;cGefqdkif; usonfh a&G;aumufyt JG ajctae . tpD&ifcpH m owif;pm&Si;f vif; BNI wG i f vG w f v yf
(FCCT)wGif ,ae@eeH uf 10em&DcJG rsm; xkwfjyefcJhonfhta=umif;/ u ajymonf? ESifh ywfoufaom owif;tcsuf yGEJ iS t fh wl BNItzGŒJ 0ifrsm;rS ±du k f aom rGefowif;at*sifpD/ ucsif
rS 11em&DcGJtxd owif;pm&Sif; a&G;aumufyjJG zpf ay:vmyHEk iS fh a&G; olu “owif;axmuf tvufrsm;udk rD;armif;xdk;jyEdkif ,lxm;onfh wdkif;&if;om;a'o owif;Xme/ ukvm;wef/ u&if
vif;yGw J pf&yf ðyvkyu f m xkwjf yef aumufyt JG wGi;f rJromrmr_rsm; qdkwm aemufa=umif;udk odvdk@&Sd onf[k ajymonf? qdik &f m owif;"mwfyjkH yyGu J v kd nf; owif;Xme(autdik pf )D / ckEd r_ ;f xkef
a=unmvdkufjcif; jzpfonf? ta=umif;udk t"duxm;+yD; azmf &if tckvyk af ewJ[ h mudvk nf; yd+k yD; +yD;cJhonfh 2010 a&G; oufqikd &f m wdik ;f &if;om;owif; owif ; Xme/ rZÇd r owif ; Xme/
tpD&ifcHpm xkwfjyef& jya&;om;xm;onf[k OD;cGeq f ikd ;f awmh em;vnfr_&Sdw,f? udk,fh&JŒ aumuf y G J Y ppf t pd k ; &rS ausm tzGŒJ rsm;. trnfrsm;ESiw fh uG jy owif;ESifh rD', D muGe, f uf/ o#r;f
jcif ; tay: o#rf ; oH a wmf q ih f . u ajymonf? pmzwfoal wG ydek m;vnfatmif ydk axmufaemufcðH yxm;onfh jynf oxm;onf? oHawmfqih/f aumif;0g/ ed&OP&mESifh
t,f'DwmcsKyfvnf;jzpf/ BNI. +yD;cJhonfh 2010 a&G; &Sif;jyEdkifw,fayhg? tJ'gwcsuf? axmifp}k uHch ikd af &;ESifh zG@H òzd;a&;ygwD 2003ckESpfwGif jynfy uE mW &0wDwikd ;f rf owif;Xmersm;
ajyma&;qdck iG &fh o dS l wpfO;D vnf;jzpf aumufyt JG wGi;f wdik ;f &if;om;a' 'kw, d tcsuu f usaemfw@kd &ŒJ Edik if H (USDP)ESifh ‚if;wd@k uruxðy+y;D tajcpdkuf jrefrmowif;Xme 4ck jzihf zGJŒpnf;xm;onf?
onfh OD;cGefqdkif;u “Hobson's otvdkuf jzpfay:aeonfh a&G; udk tkyfpdk;r,fhtpdk;&[m b,fvdk wnfaxmifxm;onfh r[mrdwf jzihf pwifzŒJG pnf;cJ+h yD; vuf&t dS csed f Ô

u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 12


uG,vf e
G o
f l y'dr
k ef;&Smtm; trsKd;om;wef;wla&; òrdŒopfwnf&eftwGuf
qkay;tyfcsD;jrifv
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kd +f yD; 0efxrf;rsm;
rwfv 7&uf?
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD)
pvH k @ zef ; u “usaemf h t az r&S d
awmhayrJh u&ihftrsKd;om;a&;t
vkyt
f m;ay;oGm;&
uG,fvGefol u&ift jyif jrefrmEkdifiHrSm&SdwJh wdkif;&if; rwfv 7&uf? orD;rsm; yg0ifaomfvnf; =um
rsK;d om;tpnf;t±k;H (KNU). t om;tm;vHk; ppftm%m&Sifpepf eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) tif;qdyf}uD;òrdŒe,f&Sd usKduf'HkòrdŒ
axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;a[mif; y'dk atmufrS vGwfajrmufzdk@twGuf u&ifjynfe,f/ rkvtd odk@ a&muf&SdpOf vHkòcHa&;tajct
ref;&Smvm;zef;tm; tar&duef ol v k y f a qmif c J h w J h t&mawG awmifajc&Sd wdu k yf rJG sm; r=umc% aea=umihf trsKd;orD;rsm;udk csef
jynfaxmifpk tif'D,m;em;jynf a=umihf ol@ukd *k%ðf ywJt h aeeJ@ 'D jzpfymG ;v#u&f o dS nfh csLuvda'o xm;cJhonf[k tjcm;òrdŒcHwOD;u
e,f/ zd@k 0ed ;f òrdŒ IPFW tif'D,m; qkay;wmyg? usaemfh zcif&ŒJ ud, k f wGif etz ppftm%mydik rf S òrdŒopf vnf; ajymonf?
em;yg'l;wuUodkvfu csD;jr‡ihfonfh pm; 'Dqu k kd wuf,&l wm usaemf wnf r nf h p D r H u d e f ; twG u f vk y f òrdŒopfwnfrnfh csLu
trsK;d om;wef;wla&;ESifh omwlnD vnf; 0rf;omrdygw,f? aemuf tm;ay;&ef jr0wDòrdŒe,f&Sd 0ef vdaus;&Gm teD;tem;wGi&f dS a'o
r#a&;qk ( National Equality ol@ukd cspw f o
hJ al wGawmh r+yD;ao; xrf ; tcsKd Œ ud k ,ref a e@u ac: cHwOD;uawmh “tckvuf&dS bmrS
Award)udk rwfv 5&ufae@u wJh ol@&ŒJ vkyaf qmifcsuaf wG quf aqmifoGm;cJha=umif; òrdŒcHrsm;. jzpfrvmao;bl;a&m? ausmif;w
ay;tyf c sD ; jr‡ i h f v d k u f + yD ; [k od & vkyf=ur,fvdk@ usaemf ,Hk=unf ajymjycsuft& od&onf? vH;k awmh aqmufxm;w,f? 0g;vH;k
onf? w,f?”[k ajymonf? jr0wDòrdŒe,f&dS ausmif; awGeJ@yJ? trdk;awmif umvdk@r+yD;
azazmf0g&D vqef;ydkif; 2003ck E S p f 'D y J , if ; Photo-KIC
q&m/ aq;q&m/ &J/ &,u p ao;bl ; ? tjcm;bmrS rawG Π&
u tqdyk gqu k kd y'drk ef;&Smtm; ay; vkyf}uHr_+yD;aemuf zdk@0def;òrdŒwGif jzpfonf[k od&onf? ESifh omwlnrD #a&;qkonf yxr onfh ppftpd;k & 0efxrf;rsm;onf ao;bl;? ausmif;q&mtcsKŒd eJ@ t
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u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 13


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tcsed w f iG f u&iftrsK;d om; vGwf wk@d bufuawmh xdwm etzppfwyfu odrf;ykdufxm;cJh
ajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (KNLA) r&Sdbl;?”[k ajymonf? onfhtwGuf jr0wDòrdŒ&Sd ppftpdk;
wyf&if;(18)ESihf wk;d wufaom Ak'< aumh u &d w f &. Xmeqk d i f & m ±k H ; rsm;uk d 0if
bmom u&iftrsKd;om; wyfr -jr0wD vrf ; a=umif ; a&mufr;D ±_Œd zsuq f ;D rnfjzpfa=umif;
awmf (DKBA) wyfr[m(5) yl; wG i f oG m ;vmaeonf h vnf; +yD;cJo h nfh &ufowWywfu
aygif;+yD; vufeuf}uD;i,frsm;jzifh ukefonfwOD;uvnf; òrdŒe,ftm%mykdifrsm;xH pmay;
0ifa&mufypfcwfjcif;jzpfa=umif; “[k w f w ,f ? rae@u yk d @ cJ h + yD ; jzpf o nf [ k 'D a ubD a t
(KNLA)wyfrLS ;wOD;u twnf awmxJuvlawG csuf bufu ajymonf?
ðyajymqkdonf? yGdKifhem;rSm vmypfoGm; Photo-KIC Ô Photo-KIC
u&ifowif;pOf/ rwfv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 14

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