FUTURE

FUTURE
IN THE
VIITOR
PAST

FUTURE FUTURE
VIITOR
IN THE PAST PERFECT
ANTERIOR
PERFECT

PREZENT

PAST PRESENT

PERFECT
SIMPLU COMPUS IMPERFECT PERFECT PERFECT
CA
PERFECT PERFECT MAI MULT PAST PRESENT

THE ROMANIAN TENSES THE ENGLISH TENSES

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 PAST FUTURE

TIME

the moment of speech

A B
C Present time D
B’
R R R R

p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 pn ps1 R ps n f1 f2 fn

Legend:
– the moment of speech
p – a past moment
ps – a present moment
f – a future moment
R – a moment to be reported

A – two past actions/moments

If p2 = R, then p1 is before R, that is it is perfect (the Past Perfect);

B
– at least three past actions/moments:
If p3 = R, then both p4 and p5 are considered in the future (but they are past moments);
Now, considering B’:
both p4 and p5 are considered future in the past and p5 = R,
then p4 is a future in the past action considered before p5, another future in the past action, that is it is perfect (the Future in the
Past Perfect)
C – if the moment of speech = R, ps1 is before it, that is it is perfect (the Present Perfect)
D – as long as both f1 and f2 are considered in the future regarding the present time, and if f2 = R,

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then f1 is before f2, that is it is perfect (the Future Perfect)

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 T I M E

T H E I N D E F I N I T E T E N S E S
TENSES REPORTED TO THE PAST TIME TENSES REPORTED TO THE PRESENT TIME
A P AS T B FUTURE IN THE PAST C P RE S E NT D F UT URE
Past Perfect Future in the Past Future in the Past Present Perfect Future Perfect
Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense
Tense Perfect Tense Tense Tense Tense
1. a present action
an action that
a past action a future in the past a past action considered before the a future action an action that takes
took place in a an action that
considered before action considered before considered in the future moment of speech; considered before place in the future,
past time, having takes place in the
another past action another future in the past regarding a past 2. a past action whose another future regarding the present
no connection to present time
or moment action moment or action results are considered in action time
the present
the present
S + have + V.3 S + V.2 S + have + V.3 should S + have + V.3 S + V.1 S + have + V.3 shall
S+ + V.1 S+ + V.1
(past tense) (future in the past tense) would (present tense) -(e)s, 3rd ps., sg. (future tense) will
I shall have
I had asked I asked I should have asked I should ask I have asked I ask asked
I shall ask
he will have
he had asked he asked he would have asked he would ask he has asked he asks asked
he will ask
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T H E C O N T I N U O U S T E N S E S
S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving S + be + Ving
(past perfect) (past tense) (f. in the past perfect) (future in the past) (present perfect) (present tense) (future perfect) (future tense)
I had been asking I was asking I should have been I should be asking I have been asking I am asking I shall have been I shall be asking
he had been
he was asking asking he would be asking he has been asking he is asking asking he will be asking
asking
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
T H E P A S S I V E T E N S E S
S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3 S + be + V.3
(past perfect) (past tense) (f. in the past perfect) (future in the past) (present perfect) (present tense) (future perfect) (future tense)
I had been asked I was asked I should have been I should be asked I have been asked I am asked I shall have been I shall be asked
he had been
he was asked asked he would be asked he has been asked he is asked asked he will be asked
asked
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
 - the same form is for the Conditional Present V.1 - the short infinitive of the verb
 - the same form is for the Conditional Past V.2 - the 2nd form, the form of the past
- the sequence of tenses in if clause and in the subordinate clause of time V.3 - the 3rd form, the Past Participle
( … tense) - the tense in which the auxiliary written in red, above, is conjugated Ving - the -ing form, the Present Participle

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 E N G L I S H
1 Father had left for the railway station when I arrived at home.
2 The train came three minutes later yesterday.
3 He said he would have finished his homework by six yesterday
afternoon.
4 Five days ago he told me he would call on you the next day.
5 1. I have met him twice today.
2. She has bought a new dress.
6 It is 4:00 PM, the time when my father comes home.
7 He says he will have fixed the car by Friday and so we shall go
on the trip on Saturday.
8 I shall be there on time to listen to his speech about Shaw.
9 He had been playing the piano for an hour when Mary entered
the room.
10 My sister was reading a newspaper when Thomas got home.
11 I said he would have been practising for half an hour when his
sister came home.
12 Mother said he would be cooking at five the following day.
13 She has been looking for her umbrella for half an hour.
14 Look at your sister! She is speaking to my new desk mate.
15 At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she will have been cleaning the house for
an hour.
16 At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she will be cleaning the house.
17 He had been told about the accident when I arrived at home.
18 The neighbour was burried yesterday and you can never see
him again.
19 I said he would have been told about the accident when you
arrived at my place, but he came no longer.
20 She said that the lamb would be killed the following day.
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R O M A N I A N
1 Tata plecase la gară când am ajuns acasă.
2 Ieri, trenul a venit cu trei minute întârziere.
3 A spus că îşi va termina (îşi va fi terminat) temele pentru
acasă până la şase ieri după-amiază.
4 Acum cinci zile mi-a spus că va trece pe la tine a doua zi.
5 L-am întâlnit de două ori astăzi.
Şi-a cumpărat o rochie nouă.
6 Este patru după-amiaza, ora când vine acasă tata.
7 Zice că va repara (va fi reparat) maşina până vineri aşa că
sâmbătă vom merge în excursie.
8 Voi fi acolo la moment (tocmai la timp) ca să-i ascult discursul
despre Shaw.
9 Cânta la pian de o oră când Mary a intrat în cameră.
1 Când Thomas a ajuns acasă, sora mea citea un ziar.
0
1 Am spus că va exersa de jumătate de oră când va veni (sosi)
1 acasă sora lui.
1 Mama a spus că a doua zi, la ora cinci, va găti (mâncarea).
2
1 Îşi caută umbrela de jumătate de oră.
3
1 Priveşte la sora ta! Îi vorbeşte noului meu coleg de bancă.
4
1 Mâine la ora zece ea va face curăţenie de o oră.
5
1 Mâine la zece ea va face curăţenie.
6
1 I se spusese despre accident, când eu am ajuns acasă.
7
1 Vecinul a fost înmormântat ieri, iar tu nu-l vei mai vedea
8 niciodată.
1 Am spus că i s-a spus/se va fi spus despre accident când tu
9 vei ajunge la mine, dar el nu a mai venit
2 A spus că mielul va fi tăiat a doua zi.
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21 He has just been asked about what you told him. 2 Tocmai a fost (fu) întrebat despre ce i-ai spus.
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22 The house is cleaned every other day. 2 Se face curăţenie în casă din două în două zile.
2
23 Your book will have been published for a week when you get 2 Cartea ta va fi publicată de o săptămână când vei ajunge
there. 3 acolo.
24 The tree will be cut tomorrow since it is a danger for the house. 2 Copacul va fi tăiat mâine căci este un pericol pentru casă.
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