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    Drug Examples Uses Mechanism Side Effects Ace Inhibitorsramipril, Lisinopril

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    Suliman Alali
    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension and heart conditions. It lists examples of drugs in each class, their common uses, their mechanisms of action by which they produce their effects, and common side effects. The classes covered are ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each works by a different mechanism to lower blood pressure, either by blocking hormone receptors, inhibiting enzymes, or altering ion transport in the kidneys. Common side effects across the classes include low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney problems.

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    Drug Examples Uses Mechanism Side Effects Ace Inhibitorsramipril, Lisinopril

    Uploaded by

    Suliman Alali
    26 views4 pages
    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension and heart conditions. It lists examples of drugs in each class, their common uses, their mechanisms of action by which they produce their effects, and common side effects. The classes covered are ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each works by a different mechanism to lower blood pressure, either by blocking hormone receptors, inhibiting enzymes, or altering ion transport in the kidneys. Common side effects across the classes include low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney problems.

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    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension and heart conditions. It lists examples of drugs in each class, their common uses, their mechanisms of action by which they produce their effects, and common side effects. The classes covered are ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each works by a different mechanism to lower blood pressure, either by blocking hormone receptors, inhibiting enzymes, or altering ion transport in the kidneys. Common side effects across the classes include low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney problems.

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    26 views4 pages

    Drug Examples Uses Mechanism Side Effects Ace Inhibitorsramipril, Lisinopril

    Uploaded by

    Suliman Alali
    This document summarizes several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension and heart conditions. It lists examples of drugs in each class, their common uses, their mechanisms of action by which they produce their effects, and common side effects. The classes covered are ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Each works by a different mechanism to lower blood pressure, either by blocking hormone receptors, inhibiting enzymes, or altering ion transport in the kidneys. Common side effects across the classes include low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney problems.

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    of 4

    DRUG

    EXAMPLES
    USES
    MECHANISM
    SIDE EFFECTS
    ACE inhibitorsRamipril,
    Lisinopril

    • Hypertension
    • Heart Failure
    • Post MI

    Block ATIATII by binding to

    the site on the enzyme that

    normally accommodates the

    terminal leucine of ATI.

    Inhibits vasoconstriction.
    • Hypotension
    • Dry cough
    (increased
    bradykinin)
    • Renal failure in pts
    with bilateral renal
    stenosis
    Beta-Blockers
    Atenolol,
    Propanolol

    • Hypertension
    • Angina
    • Arrhythmias
    • Stable heart failure

    blockβ -adrenergic receptors inhibiting

    the

    effects of adrenaline and nonadrenaline.

    β 1 (heart) blockage decreases HR


    and
    contractility,β 2 (bronchial and
    vascular
    smooth muscle) blockage causes
    vasodilation.
    • Provocation of
    asthma, heart
    failure.
    • Cold hands
    • Bradycardia -
    fatigue

    Calcium

    Channel

    Blockers

    Dihydropines–
    Amlodipine,
    Phenyalkylamin
    es-
    Verapamil,
    Benzthiazepine
    s -
    Diltiazem

    • Hypertension
    • Angina
    • Supraventricular

    arrhythmia –

    (Phenylalkylamines

    only)

    Vasodilation

    block cellular entry of Ca+ by

    preventing opening of

    voltage-gated L-type and T-

    type calcium channels


    • Flushing, headache,
    • P.oedema
    • Phenyalkylamines –

    can worsen heart


    failure
    • Gynaecomastia
    • Impotence
    Thiazide
    Diuretics

    Bendrofluazide,

    hydrochlorothiazi

    de

    • Hypertension
    • Combined with loop
    for Heart Failure

    increase water excretion by

    decreasing reabsorption of

    Na+ and Cl- in the distal

    tubule by binding to the Cl-

    site of the electroneutral

    Na+/Cl- co-transport system

    and inhibiting its action

    causing a decrease in blood

    volume, venous return and

    CO

    • Hypokalaemia
    • Hyponatraemia
    • Hypotension
    • Gout
    • Type II DM

    Loop DiureticsFrusemide,
    Bumetanide
    • Hypertension (but

    less effective than

    thiazides – used

    when renal

    impairment or

    resistant to multiple

    drug Tx)

    • Heart Failure

    Block Na+ resorption in

    ascending loop of Henle –

    diuretic effect.
    • Hypokalaemia
    • Hyponatraemia
    • Hypotension
    • Gout

    Potassium-

    sparing

    diuretics

    Spironolactone,
    Amiloride
    • Secondary
    Hypertension
    • Severe heart Failure

    Blocks action of aldosterone in distal convoluted tubule – diuretic effect

    • Hypokalaemia
    • Hyponatraemia
    • Abdominal

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