A

Seminar presentation
On
IMAGE AUTHENTICATION TECHNIQUE

By:
Nitin Mathur
EC-B
Roll No. -76

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 Image Authentication
• By data authentication we mean here a procedure
capable of ensuring that data have not been tampered
with and of indicating their true origin.

• There are two types of authentication schemes, which

are-
1. Cryptographic data authentication.-
2. Watermarking-based authentication.

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 Cryptography

• a straight forward way to provide video

authentication, namely through the joint use
of asymmetric key encryption and the digital
Hash function
• It has mainly two functions:
-> Encryption
-> Decryption

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Encryption & Decryption

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Cryptographic Data Authentication

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 Drawbacks of Cryptographic
Authentication
• Knowledge of private key
• Delay in transmission
• High requirements of video camera

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 Watermarking
What is a “Digital Image Watermark”
1. pattern inserted into a digital image
2. may be unique to each copy, or be common to multiple copies

A given Watermark may be

1.Unique to each copy (e.g., to identify the intended recipient),
or
2.Be common to multiple copies (e.g., to identify the document
source)

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 Types of Watermarking

WATERMARKING

FRAGILE ROBUST
WATERMARKING WATERMARKING

INVISIBLE VISIBLE
WATERMARKING WATERMARKING

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 Requirements of Watermarks

1. The watermark must be difficult or impossible to

remove

2. The watermark must survive image modifications that

are common to typical image-processing applications

3. An invisible watermark should be imperceptible so as

not to affect the experience of viewing the image.

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 Techniques of watermarking

• Spatial watermarking
-> by superimposing a symbol over an area of the picture.

-> be applied using color separation

• Frequency watermarking

-> applying a transforms like the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Cosine
Transforms (DCT), Wavelet Transforms etc.

-> Watermark signal is applied to lower frequencies.

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The FFT Watermarking

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 The Image Authentication
Framework
• Watermark Embedding

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 The Image Authentication
Framework

• Watermark Detection

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ADVANTAGES

• Robustness to high quality lossy image compression.

• Automatic discrimination between malicious and innocuous
manipulations.
• Controllable visual deterioration of the VS sequence by
varying the watermark embedding power.

DISADVANTAGES
• Frame independent watermark can be easily found by
comparative
analysis of all image sequence
•The detector should know the frame number in order to perform
authenticity check.
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THANK YOU

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