Gf]kfnL k':ts

ldlt M @)%( h]i7 !@ ut]

;L= lk6/ jfUg/

km'n/ lyof]nlhsn ;]ldgf/L, ljZj cleofgsf] nflu ljBfno, kf;f8]gf,

Soflnkmf]lgofdf d08nL a[l4 ljifosf] k|fWofks x'g'x'G5 . ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ /
cflTds o'4sf] If]qdf Pp6f g]t[TjbfoL k|flwsf/sf] ?kdf dfGotfk|fKt, 8f, jfug/n]
k|fyfgf of]4f >]0fLsf rf/ k':tsx? o'4 k|fy{gf,
k|fyfgfsf] 9fn, tkfO{sf] ;x/df sAhf u/fO{nfO{ tf]8\bf / k|fy{gf ug{] d08nLx?,
;lxt #) eGbf al9 k':tsx? n]Vg' / ;Dkfbg ug{' ePsf] 5 .
%!!@$%% ;F =/f=c=df d'l4t
cfj/0f ;Hhf afa{/f n]efg lkmz/ .

tkfO{sf] cflTdsL j/bfgx?n] tkfO{sf] d08nL a[l4df

db{t ug{ ;S5g .

kGw|f}F jflif{s ;F:s/0f k'0f{tof kl/dflh{t tyf cBfjlws

;L= lk6/ jfug/
l/un a':s
;';dfrf/ k|sfzsf] Ps ljefu
e]G6'/f, Soflnkmf]lgof, ;F=/f=c=

;';dfrf/ k|sfzsf] Ps ljefu

l/un a'S;, e]G6'/f, Soflnkmf]lgof, ;F=/f=c=4f/f k|sflzt ;Fo'tm /fHo cd]l/sfdf
d'l4t

l/un a'S; ;';dfrf/ k|sfz gfd u/]sf] Pp6f ;';dfrf/Lo O;fO{ k|sfzs xf] , hf] :yflgo
d08nLx?sf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t 5' . To;sf] ;]jsfO{ xf] . xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5 ;';dfrf/ k|
sfzsf] lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] bz{g eg]sf] d08nLsf g]tfx?nfO{ wd{zf:qLo, ;xof]u k|
of]ufTds ;fdu|Lx? pknAw u/fpg' xf] h;n] pxfFx?nfO{ ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{,
jfnaflnsfx? o'jfx? / kl/jf/x?dfem r]nfx? lgdf0f{ ug{ / ;]jsfO{ ug{ db{t ug{]5 .
xfd|f] k|fyfgf of] 5 ls o; l/un a'S;n] tkfO{x?nfO{ cfKmgf] hLjgdf
wd{zf:qLo ;Totf kQf nfpg db{t ug{]5 / c?sf cfjZostfx? k'/f ul/lbg
tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{]5 . k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{nfO{ k|r'/dfqfdf cflzif lbpg\ .
l/un a'S; ;';dfrf. k|sfzaf6 l;Q}df k|fKtx'g] ;|f]tx?sf] ;'rLsf] lglDt s[kof
;ldksf] O;fO{ cfk'lt{stf{;Fu ;Dks{ ug{'; cyjf !=*))=$=Gospel df kmf]g
ug{'xf];
o; k|sfzgdf lnO{Psf wd{zf:qLo pbfxf/0fx? GofF ls+u h]D; ;+:s/0faf6
lemlsPsf 5g\ .
© !(&(,!(*),!(*@,yf]d; g]N;g, Ofs, cg'dlt4f/f k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .
lgDg afO{ansf ;F:s/0fx? klg k|of]u ul/Psf 5g .
/f= h]= ;F= /fhf h]D; ;F:s/0f , ;fj{hlgs k|e'Tjsf] lkmlnk; b Go' 6]:6fd]G6 Og
df]8{g O8)ln; kl/df{lht ;F:s/0f h]= aL= lkmlnk;, cg'jfbs
© h]= aL= lkmlnK; !(%*, !(^), !(&@, Dofsldng .
Kf|sfzg s+= O+s= *^^ y8{ P]e, Go'of]s{ NY 90022 sf] cg'dltdf k|of]u ul/Psf]
.
6L=O=eL=wd{zf:qLo pbfx/0fx? 6'8]h O8)ln; e;{gaf6 lnOPsf x'g . ;jf{lwsf/
© cd]l/sg afO{an ;f];fO6L !(^^,!(&!,!(&^ cg'dltdf k|of]u ul/Psf] xf] .

© ;jf{lwsf/ !(&(,!(($ ;L= lk6/ jfug/4f/f ;jf{lwsf/ ;'/lIft

NffO{j|]/L ckm sFu|]; k|sflzt k':tssf] tYofFFs
Jffug/, ;L, lk6/
TfkfO{sf] cflTds a/bfgn] tkfO{sf] d08nL a[l4df ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . ;L= lk6/
jfUg/
KFfGw|f}+ jflif{s ;F= k'0f{tof ;+= tyf cWofjlws
P CM
Kf':tsx? ;+DjGwL ;Gbe{X? / ;'rL ;d]Tb5

ISBN 0-*#)&-!^&#-$
!= j/bfgx? , cflTdsL,
@= d08nL a[l4 I lzif{s =
jL=6L= &^&=# 8Ano' #$ !(($
@#$’!#--------dc@)
(#-$#@%# ;L=cfO{=kL=
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ \)! )) (( (* (& (^ (% ($
o; k':tsnfO{ cGo efiffdf k|sfzg ug{] clwsf/ u:k]n ln6/]r/ OG6/g]zgn –UnLG6
_ 4f/f s/f/Lt ul/G5g,. UnLG6n] afO{an cWoog ;|f]tx? / k':tsx?nfO{ ljZjJoflk?
kdf aL;f}+ efiffx?df pbfx/0fx? lng , cg'jfb ug{ / k|sfzg ug{ k|fljlws ;xfotf
pknAw u/fpF5 . yk ;'rgfsf] nflu,
UnLG6 [GLINT],kf]i6 aS; clkm; $)^), cf]G6fl/of] , Soflnkmf]lgof, (!
&^!-!))#,;+= /f= c= cyjf k|sfzs;Fu ;Dks{ ug{'xf]; .
 Df}n] n]v]sf tLg bh{g eGbf w]/} k':tsx?dWo , o;n] :ki6 ?kdf dflg;x?nfO{
;jeGbf w]/} db{t u/]sf] 5 . hj tkfO{ o;nfO{ k9\g'x'G5 , clg ha cfKmgf
cflTdsL j/bfgx> lrGg'x'G5 / hj tkfO{n] cfKmgf] JolQmut ;]jsfO{4f/f c?
dflg;x? k/d]Zj/af6 cflzlift ePsf] b]v]/ pQ]hgf cg'ej ug{‘'x'G5, tkfO{n]
a'Emg'x'g]5 lsg eg]/ .

;L= lk6/ jfUg/

ljifo ;'rL M
cflTds j/bfgsf] lgb]{lzsf (
kl/ro !!
!= cflTds j/bfgx?sf] k'gk{lxrfg !#
“cf:yf / Ozj/zf:qx? EGbf k/ k'u]/ kljq cfTdfsf] JolQmut cg'e'lt ug]{ Pp6f
JofKt ?lrn] k/d]Zj/sf dflg;x? dfkm{t ljut b'O{ bzsb]lv Jofs'n kf/]sf] 5” .
@= c1fgtf k/d cfgGb xf]Og
“cflTds j/bfgx?sf] c1fgtf g} cfhsf] ;dodf d08nLx?sf] ;':ta[l4sf] k|d'v sf/0f
x'g ;Sb5”.
#= tL j/bfgx? s] x'gM Pp6f v'nf lsgf/o'Qm ljlw %!
“cflTds j/bfgx? Jofjxfl/s x'G5g\ . ltgLx? sfo{fTds x'G5g\ . ltgsf cfKmg} sfd
x'G5g\ / olb ltgn] ;d'lrt?kn] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5g\ eg], ;f] sfd k'/f x'g]5 .”
$= rf/ lrhx? Hf'g j/bfg xf]Ogg\ *!
“cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ k|fs[lts k|ltef cfTdfsf] kmn, O;fO{ e'ldsfx? Jff gSsnL
j/bfgx? elg e|ddf gk/ .”
%= d}n] s;/L d]/f j/bfgx?nfO{ lrGg] clg s;/L tkfO{n] cfKmgf] j/bfgx?
nfO{ lrGg ;Sg' x'G5 !)%

“tkfO{sf] j/bfgx? nufpg cfjZos rf/ k'jf{wf/x? x'g\ Pp6f O;fO{ x'g', cflTds
j/bfgx?df ljZjf; ug'{, sfd / k|fyfgf ug{df OR5's aGg' .”
^= kf:6/sf] j/bfg ld>0f !@(
“d08nLsf] a[l4sf] nflu cu'jf JolQmsf] j/bfg ld>0f lg0ff{os x'G5g\ . cu'jfx?
nfO{ vfFrf] kg{] ;fy{s j/bfg ld>0f xf] . ljZjf;sf] j/bfg / g]t[Tjsf] j/bfg .”
&= ;';dfrf/ k|rf/s M a[l4sf] nflu k|f/lDes cFu !%%
“;';dfrf/ k|rf/ssf] pkxf/ j/bfg s]jn h}ljs j[l4sf] nflu dfq clnslt cfjZos x'G5,
;dfGt/ a[l4sf] nflu k6Ss} cfjZos x'Gg, t/ kl/jt{g a[l4sf] cf}lw g}
dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 .”
*= k7fO{Psf dflg;x?sf]] j/bfgnfO{ j'E\mbf !
&!
“s]jn ;fx|} yf]/} ;Fu dfq wd{b'tx?sf] j/bfg x'G5 , t/ ;a} hfltx?nfO{ x/;Dej
tl/sfaf6 ;';dfrf/ ;'gfpg] of]hgfk|lt ;a} O;fO{x?sf] e'ldsf 5 .”
(= zl//sf] afFsL efu !*(
“bf];|f] k|sf/sf j/bfgx? lvi6sf] z/L/sf] cf/f]Uotf hlQg} dxTjk'0f{ 5g\ . hlt k|
fylds k|sf/sf j/bfgx? dxTjk'0f{ 5g\ .”
!)= j/bfgx?4f/f a9\g tkfO{sf] d08nLn] rfNg ;Sg] kfFr sbdx?
@!%
!!= “tkfO{ / tkfO{sf] d08nLnfO{ d[To' s]G4af6 lgsfNg / k/d]Zj/n] pxfFn]
lbg'ePsf] j/bfgx? dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg' ePsf] To; crDdsf] zlQmnfO{ ;Frfng
ug{nfO{ lgld{t kfFr sbdx?sf] ?k/]vf lvlrPsf 5g\ .”
cg';'lr M tL j/bfgx? s] x'g < Ps ;f/fFz @@(
jfug/ M;“zf]lwt xfp6\sf] k|ZgfjnL @#%
;'lr M @^!

cflTds j/bfgx?sf] lgb]{lzsf M

o; k':tsdf, @^ j6f cflTds j/bfgx?sf] kl/efiff lbOPsf] 5 / lj:t[t?kdf 5nkmn –
rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 h'g j]nf k|To]s Ps j6f o; k':tssf] cfd k|jfxdf :jefljs ?kdf ;txdf
cfFp5 . ;lhnf] ;Gbe{sf] nflu, tL j/bfgx? oxfF df}lns qmddf 5g\ h'g cWofo #
df kl/ro u/fPsf 5g\ To;kl5 hxfF hxfF ltgsf] lj:t[t JofVof ul/Psf] 5 tL k[i6 ;Fvof
lbOPsf] 5 . tL j/bfgx? ;DjlGw cltl/Qm ;Gbe{sf] nflu ;'lrtkm{ x]g'{xf]; .
!= cudjf0fL @))
@= ;]jf !(&
#= lzIf0f !!(
$= b[9\ k|f]T;fxg !$@
%=bfg *&
^= g]t[Tj !$(
&= cg'u|x !($
*= j[l4 !(@
(= 1fg !()
!)= ljZjf; !$^
!!= rFufO{ @!)
!@,= rdTsf/x? @)* @)*
!#= cfTdfx?sf] klxrfg (%
!$= cGo efiffx? @)#
!%= cGo efiffx?sf] cg'jfb @)^
!^= k|]l/tx? !*!
!&= ;xof]uLx? !(%
!*= k|zf;g !$$
!(=;';dfrf/ k|rf/s !%^
@)= kf:6/ -cu'jf_ !#$
@!= a|x|Drfo{ [celibacy ]-
%^
@@= :j]lR5s ul/jL (!
@#= ;fxbft ^)
@$= cltly ;]jf u/fO{ -;Tsf/_ ^#
@%= wd{b't !&*
@^= cGt/ ljlGt ^*
@&= 5'6\sf/f (&
Kfl/ro M
XfdL Oltxf;sf] Pp6f cjlwdf afFlr/x]sf 5f}+, h'g, olb c? lrh s]xL gePdf,
b|'t kl/jt{gn] el/k"0f{ 5 . sof}+ ;fy{s kl/jt{gx?n] o; ;F;f/nfO{, O;fO{
;d'bfonfO{ / d]/f] cfKmg} ;]jsfO{nfO{ ljut k|Gw| jif{df, tkfO{sf] cflTds
j/bfgn] tkfO{sf] d08nL a[l4df db{t ug{ ;S5, sf] k|yd ;F:s/0f lgsflnPotf,
xNnfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . t/ Pp6f lrh kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g M k/d]Zj/n] ljZjJoflk?kdf
/x]sf d08nLx?nfO{ elg/xg'ePsf] 5 ls tL d08nLx?sf] ;]jsfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf u|
fld0f dflg;x?sf] xftdf lbg'k5{ . clg pxfFn] d08nLnfO{ cflTds j/bfg ;DjlGw
wd{zf:qLo lzIffnfO{ u}/ clelzQm hgx?dfemsf] ;]jsfO{sf]
clgjfo{ cfwf/lznfsf] ?kdf a'emfpg lg/Gt/ rnfO{/xg' x'G5 .
of] s'/f d08nL a[l4sf] ;'ljVoft l;4fGtx?;Fu k|ToIf ;DjlGwt 5 . d08nL
a[l4sff] Pp6f d"No 5 . :of8n Aofs EofnL sDo'lgl6 rr{sf kf:6/ d]/f ldq
l/s jf/]gn] c? s'g}n] eg] h;/L o;f] eGg' ePsf] 5 , “d08nLsf] a[l4sf] nflu,
cu'jfn] ;]jsfO{ TofUg' k5{ / hgtfn] g]t[Tj TofUg} k5{ .” o;nfO{ csf]{ lsl;dn]
k|:t't ubf{, ;fgf d08nLx? Tolta]nf 7"nf x'g] 5g\ olb kf:6/n] g]t[Tj u5{g\ /
hgtfn] ;]jsfO{ u5{g\ eg] .
o; k':tsn] Tof] s'/f x'g db{t ug]{5 . d of] s'/f ;d'lrt ;'lglZrttfsf] ;fy eGg ;S5'
lsg eg] ljut !% jif{df d}n] kfPsf] k[i7kf]if0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 ls oL ljrf/x?n]
;fFlRrs} Jofjxf/df sfd u5{g . To;eGbf Hofbf,d}n] clxn];Dd n]v]sf cGo s'g}
k':tsx?sf] jf/]df eGbf w]/} ;sf/fTds k|ltpQ/x?,d}n] o; k':tssf] af/]df a'lem/x]sf]
5' .
;fFrf] cy{df of] d"n sfo{sf] kl/dflh{t ;F:s/0f dfq xf] , Pp6f gofF k':ts xf]Og
tL ;F:s/0fx? dWo sof}+n] Pp6f “9fFrfut kl/jt{g” [paradigm- shift] sf] k|ltljDj
b]vfpg] 5g\ , h'g rfFlx d}n] !(*) lt/ z'? u/]+ . ha d]/f] ;fyL hf]g jLDj/n] b
Pgfx]Od efOgof8{ vLli6og ;+utL lgdf0f{ -:yfkgf_ ul/ cnf}lss zlQmsf]
If]qdf ;]jsfO{ ug{' eof], d 3lgi6?kdf cfs{lif{t ePF . hf]gn] km'n/ ;]ldgf/Ldf
xfd|f] Pd ;L %!) kf7\oqmddf of] cjwf/0ff, “lrGxx?, cfZro{sd{x? / d08nL
a[l4,”k9fpg z'? u/]sf] nut} kl5, d ljleGg zlQmsf] ;]jsfO{x?df Pp6f ;lqmo
;xefuL ePF . :jefljs?kn], o;n] s]xL k|d'v cflTds j/bfgx?sf] Jojxf/df s[t ug]
{ ljifodf d]/f] ljrf/nfO{ k|efljt kf/]sf] 5 .
h;} d}Nf] o; kl/dflh{tdf sfd u/]+, h] ePtfklg, d}n] :jLsf/ ug}{ k5{ d}n]
d]/f] “ 9fFrfut kl/jt{gsf”] sf/0fn] j/bfgx? ;DjlGw kl/efiffx?dWo] s'g}
Pp6fnfO{ klg kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]g . d}n] “emf/km's” sf] ;6|6\f “5'6\sf/f” zAb k|
of]u u/]sf] 5' , vf; ul/ cy{ lj1fg;DjlGw sf/0fx?n] ubf{ , tL lbgx?df d}n]
5'6\sff/fsf] cflTds j/bfgnfO{ sfo{df /x]sf] cj:yfdf clxn] d}n] u/] h;/L ;Gt'lnt
cfwf/df sustained basis ko{j]If0f u/]sf] lyOg . To;eGbf a9\tf , d clxn]
JolQmut ?kdf b}jL rFufO{ = / cudjf0fLsf] ;]jsfO{af6 kmfO{bf lng] If]qdf
cfheGbf !% jif{ cl3sf] eGbf a9L ;lqmo 5' . To;}n] oL j/bfgx? ;DjlGw gofF
;fdfu|Lx? YflkPsf] 5 . ‘
o; kl/dflh{t ;F:s/0fdf tkfO{sf] cflTds j/bfgx? Pp6f cem /fd|f] k':ts xf] .
pQm k':ts tkfO{n] klxNo} kl9;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg] , dnfO{ nfU5 o; k6s tkfO{n]
o;nfO{ cem w]/} dg k/fpg' x'g]5 .

cflTds j/bfgx?sf] k'g{klxrfg

cWofo Ps

cd]l/sfdf &)sf] bzsdf o]z" vLi6sf] d08nLdf Pp6f ;fk]If?kn] gofF lrh 36\of].
lqPs dWosf t];|f] JolQm pxfFsf] cfKmg} :j?kdf cfpg' eof] , eg] . xf] , kljq
cfTDff ;w}+ ToxfF /xg' ePsf] 5 . wfld{s cf:yfx?, ehgx? / ;fj{lgs k'hf cr{gfx?
n] s66\/ vLli6og ljZjf;df kljq cfTDffsf] s]lG4o :yfgnfO{ k|dfl0f{t u/]sf 5g .
Jofjl:yt O{Zj/zf:qx?n] ;bLof}+b]lv Go'df6f]nf]hL , df ljleGg v08x? ;dfj]z
u/]sf 5g, t;y{ lvli6og ljrf/wf/fdf kljqcfTdfsf] :yfg ;'lglZrt ub}{ .

t/ b'n{e ?kdf olb slxNo}, d08nLsf] Oltxf;df o; lsl;dsf] wfld{s cf:yf /

OZj/zf:qx? EfGbf k/ k'u]/ kljq cfTdfsf] JolQmut?kdf b}lgs hLjgdf cg'e'lt ug]
{ JofKt ?lrn] k/d]Zj/sf hgx?nfO{ Jofs'n kf/]sf] 5 eg] To; xb;Dd xfdLn] ljut
b'O{ bzsx? Jf To;eGbf otf b]v]sf 5f}+ . kljq cfTDffsf] o; gofF cg'e'ltsf sof}+
kf6f]x?dWo]sf] Pp6f dxTjk'0f{ kf6f] xf] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] k'g{klxrfg .
cflTds j/bfgx?sf] k'gk{lxrfg
ldlt lgwf{/0f
slxn]b]lv kljq cfTDffk|lt of] gj ?lr hfUg yfNof] eg]/ ldlt tf]Sg cf}lw ;lhnf] 5
. o; ;DjGwL ;flxTosf] pTkfbg :joFd Pp6f ;d'lrt?kn] ;xL ;"rs xf] . Pp6f /fd|f]
wfld{s k':tsfnon] %) eGbf al9 k':tsx? cflTds j/bfgsf] ljifodf ;"lrs[t u/]sf]
x'G5 . ;FejtM tL dWo] () k|ltzt ;g !(&) kl5 n]lvPsf x'g]5g\ !(&) eGbf klxn],
wfld{s ljBfnosf :gftsx?n] rl/qut?kdf ltgsf ;F:yfgx?nfO{ cflTds j/bfgsf] af/]df
yf]/} dfq hfg]/ jf hfGb} ghfg]/ 5f]8\by] . cfh, o; lsl;dsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;]jsfO{
;DjGwL tflnddf ;fdfGotof ckof{Kttfsf] ?kdf lnOG5xf]nf .
o; gofF lrhsf] d"n !()) df z'? eof], ;jeGbf a[xt?kdf :jLsfl/Psf] ldlt
h;nfO{ clxn] zf:qLo krf; lbj;Lo cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . Pp6f /fqL hfu|
fd ;]jf [watchnight service], h'g #! l8;]Dj/, !()), df ;'? eof] / k|fljlws?kn] aL;f}
+ ztfAbLsf] k|yd lbgdf cGTo eof], To; ;]jfdf 6f]k]]sf, sfG;f; lgjf;L rfN;
{ kf/xfd eGg] JolQmn], cfKmgfxftx? cUg]; cf]hdfgsf] zL/df /fv], pgn] cGo
efiffx?df af]Ng yflng, clg ;f] cfGbf]ng klg z'? ePsf] lyof] . 36\gfx?sf] Pp6f
dgdf]xs ;f8Fnf] ->[vnf_ n] k|lz4 ch';f uNnLsf] hfu[lt [Azusa street revival]
tkm{ 8f]/|ofof], h'g !()^ df ljlnod z]d'/sf] ;]jsfO{ cGt{ut ePsf] lyof] . clg
To;;Fu}, krf; lbj;Lo cfGbf]ngn] pRr ;fb[Zotf sdfof] clg Pp6f o:tf] ult xfl;n u/|
of] h'g slxNo} klg ;':t –lwdf_ ag]sf] 5}g .
 krf; lbj;Lo g]tfx?sf] vf; rfxgf k|d'v vLli6og wfld{s ;Fk|bfox?
nfO{ leq}b]lv k|efj klg lyof], dfl6{g n'y/ / hf]g j]HnL h:tf k|flrg g]tfx?sf] o:t}
rfxgfx?sf] k|ltljDjsf] ?kdf . t/, h;/L n'y/gjfb !^cf}+ ztfAbLdf Sofyf]lns
d08nL;Fu tfls{s ;xdt x'Fb}gYof], clg h;/L k|ljlwjfb [Methodism] c7fcf}+
ztfAbLdf cFu|hL d08nL;Fu tfls{s ?kdf ;xdt x'Fb}gYof] , p;/L g} krf;
lbj;jfbnfO{ klg cd]/Lsg d"n k|jfxsf d08nLx?;Fu j}rfl/s?kdf jL;f}+ ztfAbLdf
c;xdt ;FlemGYof] . t;y{, h;/L pgLx? EGbf klxn]sfn] u/]em}+, krf; lbj;Lo
g]tfx?n] clgR5fk'j{s gofF ;Fk|bfoPsf] :yfkgf ug{‘' kg]{ cfjZostf b]v] hxfF
pgLx?n] Pp6f hLjgz}nLsf] ljsfz l;w} kljq cfTdfsf] k|efjsf] g]t[Tjdf Pp6f
:jtGqtf / kf/:kl/s ;xoff]usf] jftfj/0fdf ug{ ;s'g . o:tf wfld{s ;Fk|bfox? Hf'g
xfdLnfO{ cfh yfxf 5 h:t} k/d]Zj/sf] ;efx? krf; lbj;Lo kljqtf, k/d]Zj/sf] d08nL
lvli6df, rf/kft] ;';dfrf/sf] d08nL, k/d]Zj/sf] –Sn]eNof08, 6]g]l;{ _ / sof}+ c?x?
To; pb]Zosf] nflu lgdf0f{ ul/Psf lyP .
o; cfGbf]ngsf] [Movement] bf];|f] r/0. l4lto ljZjo'4kl5 z'? eof] ha
k/d]Zj/Lo ;efx?sf yf]d; lhDd/Dofg h:tf krf; lbj;Lo g]tfx? D"fn k|jfxdf ;lDdlnt
x'g lg:s] [Set out] .tL yfngLx? ;':t –l9nf_ lyP krf; lbj;Lo ;Fk|bfox? dWo
s]xLn] ;';dfrf/ k|rf/sx?sf] /fli6|\o ;F3 [National Association of Evangelicals]
h:tf ;Fu7gx?;Fu ;DaGwg u/]/ “;Fdfg” [respectability] k|fKt ug{ yfn] . To;/L
pgLx?n] krf; lbj;Lojfb [pentecostalism]klg o]xf]jf ;fIfLx?, dd{g; / l:k|
l6:6;x? ;Fu} /flvg' kg]{ unt ;Fk|bfo [False sect] lyof] eGg] ljrf/nfO{ Go'lgs/0f
u/] . !(^) df, efg g'O;, Soflnkmf]lgofsf Ps pRr :t/Lo k'hf/L, 8f]lg; j]g]6n],
cfKmgf] wfld{s ;ef [Congregation] df pkl:yt dflg;x?l;t cfkm'n] krf; lbj;Lo
k4ltaf6 kljq cfTdfsf] cg'e'lt u/]sf] s'/f atfP , clg ;f] OZj/Lo j/bfg ;DjlGw
cfGbf]ng [Charasmatic Movement] n] cfKmgf] z'?cft u/|of] . To;eGbf cem
dxTjk"0f{ cfGbf]ng “8'Sj]:g] ;KtfxfGt” h'g 8'Sj]:g] ljZjljBfnosf] gfddf z'?
eof] To;df,!(^&,df “Sofyf]lns OZj/Lo j/bfgx?” [Catholic charismatics]
cl:tTjdf cfP .
of] ;a}sf] k|efj ;Dk'0f{ O;fO{x? hf]g zf:qLo krf;lbj;Lox? lyP gt
rdTsf/jfbLx? lyP ltgsf] dfemdf dxz'; ul/g yflnof] . oBlk oL ;';dfrf/ k|rf/s
lvli6ogx? DfWo] w]/}n] cem} klg kljq cfTdfsf] alKt:df cg'ej ug]{af/] yf]/} ?
rL b]vfpF5g\ . oL gofF cfGbf]ngx?sf] d"n cnUu} klxrfg eg]sf] pgLx?n]
cflTds j/bfgx? [Spiritual gifts] sf] ultlzntfnfO{ Ps gljg / pQ]hs tf}/n] ;d'lrt
kf/]sf [appropriating] 5g\ . s;/L kljq cfTdfsf] j/bfgx? lvli6sf] z/L/df kl/rflnt
x'g rflx/x]sf lyP eGg] pgLx?sf] kQf nufO{4f/f clxn] kljq cfTdf [Holy Spirit]
cd"t{ l;4fGtaf6 ultlzn cg'ejdf ?kfGt/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .
“Tof] gofF lrh slt gofF 5 <”
cflTds j/bfgx?n] d08nLsf] Oltxf;e/ v]]n]sf] e'ldsfsf] ljifodf d]/f] vf]h
cg';Gwfgsf] s'g} ;'rs vf]Hg] xf] eg], cfd t:jL/ xf] Ps c:ki6tfsf] ltgLx? h] h;n]
P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{x?4f/f Ps jf csf]{ tl/sfn] lg:sif{ lgsfNg vf]H5g\ , ;fdfGotof
pgLx? o;f] ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ . s]xL h] cflTds j/bfgx?df 708f 5g\ . pbf/0fsf] nflu,
ltgn] eGg] u5{g\ ls cflTds j/bfgx? dWosf sof}+ t k|]l/tx?sf] o'ukl5 d08nLx?
df a]sfd] eP . o; k|of;sf] af}l4s s]G4 8Nnf; OZj/zf:qLo tflnd s]G4, Pp6f
cGt/;Fk|bfout ljBfno h;n] krf; lbj;Lo rdTsf/Ls h:tf xfn}sf bzssf cfGbf]ngx?
nfO{ u}/ ;xfg'e'ltk'j{s x]5{, To;df 5 .
8Nnf; ;]ldgf/Lsf e"tk'j{ cWoIf hf]g jfNe'8{n] 7fGg'x'G5 ls k|]l/tx?sf]
kfnfb]lv g} d08nLx?df rdTsf/x? 3l6/x]sf 5g\ .@ pxFfsf] ;xkf7L, d]l/n pUg/
of]tYo n]Vg'x'G5 ls “rdTsf/do zlQm ;FkGgtf d08nLsf] Oltxf;df k|]l/tx?sf]
cjlwnfO{ /fd|/L k|dfl0ft u/]sf] nuQ} ljTof] [passed away] .” pUg/n] of]
ts{ ug'{x'G5 ls rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx?[Miraculous gifts] k|]l/tx?
nfO{ ;';dfrf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ lbOPsf k|df0fx? lyP , clg To;sf/0f ltgLx? d/]/ uP
“ha k|]l/tx? SlQ klg cl:tTjdf lyPgg\ clg lvli6o ljZjf;nfO{ o; k|sf/sf aflx/L
lrGxx? o;sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu cfjZos k/]g .”#
d]l/n pUg/n] lk|G;6g ;]ldgf/Lsf a]Ghfldg aL jf/lkmN8nfO{
;Gbe{ agfp5g\ , h;n] !(!* df, Pp6f rdTsf/x? lxhf] / cfh eGg] k':ts n]lv vf]6f
rdTsf/x? zLif{sdf k|sflzt klg u/] . :sf]lkm08 l/km/]G; afO{an afx]s, of]
jt{dfgdf OZ/Lo rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx? [Charismatic gifts] sf] j}wflgstf lj?4
cd]l/sfdf n]lvPsf] ;aeGbf k|efjzfnL k':ts ePsf] 5 . jf/lkmN8 ts{ ug'{x'G5 ls “tL
j/bfgx? :ki6?kn] k|]l/tx?sf] clwsf/Ls/0f lyP . t;y{ ltgsf sfo{x?n] ltgnfO{ :ki6?
kn] k|]l/t d08nLx? [Apostolic Church ] ;Fu ;Lldt u/] . clg ltgLx? o;;Fu}
d/] .”$ h:tf] ls xfdLn] o;nfO{ a9L lj:t[t ?kdf kl5 rrf{ ug]]{5f}+ , o; lsl;dsf]
ljrf/ Pp6f h8;'lqo cfwf/df [on dogmatic ground ] hf]8\bf/?kdf cfhsf]
cd]l/sfdf ;';dfrf/ k|rf/s g]tfx?sf] Pp6f k|efjzfnL j[Q4f/f ax; ul/b}+ cfO{/x]sf] 5
.
tL j/bfgx? dWo] s]xLsf] clg/Gt//tfsf] l;4fGt [Theory of discontinuity] n]
s]xL xb;Dd ;dy{g k|fKt ul//xg'sf] sf/0fx? dWo] Pp6f rfFlx sf/0f Oltxf;af6
kof{Kt?kdf To;sf] lj?4df k|df0fx? a6'lnPsf] 5}g . xfn;Dddf , jf/lkmN8n]
cfKmg} af}l4s txsf cflTds j/bfgx?sf a9\tf ;dy{s l;4fGtx?nfO{ cfqmd0fsf]?kn]
r'gf}lt lbO{/x]sf lyPgg\ [until recently warfield had not been aggressively
challenged on his own intellectual level by scholars more favorable to
spiritual gifts ]
 cfFlzs?kdf, krf; lbj;Lojflbx?sf] tkm{af6 af}l4s of]ubfgx? cfO{/x]sf]
lyPgg\ lsgeg] z'?sf krf; lbj;jflbx?n] Pp6f sÝ/ k|ltaf}l4sjfbsf] [a strong anti
intellectualism]
ljsf; u/]sf lyP . tL ;]jsx? Hff] h;n] cfkm'nfO{ krf;lbj;LoafbLx?sf] lj?4df
pEofP clg h;n] ltgLx?nfO{ em'6f] lzIffx?sf] sf]l6df geP klg, em'6f ;Fk|bfox?
sf] r'Tyf] sf]l6df /fv] , k|foh;f] wfld{s ljBfnox? [seminaries] df k|lzlIft lyP .
csf]{tkm{, krf;lbj;LojfbLx?n] w]/} h;f] cfKmgf ;]jsx?nfO{ cflTds j/bfgx?sf]
cEof; u/]sf] k|dfl0ft cfwf/df dhb'/ju{sf] w/ftnaf6 egf{ u/], pgLx?n] s'g} z}lIfs
pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] eP/ xf]Og . ;]dLgf/Lx? – wfld{s ljBfnox?_ nfO{ ltgLx?n]
z+sfefjsf] b[li6n] x]b{y] . [ They looked upon the seminaries with
suspicioon ]

sof}+ jif{;Dd, krf;lbj;jfbLx? / wfld{s ljBfnox?jLr Ps k|sf/sf] zLto'4

rNof] . t/ clxn] of], /fd|f] jf g/fd|f]sf] vflt/ , 7'nf] k}efgfdf ;dfwfg ul/Psf] 5 .
k/d]Zj/sf] ;efx? [Assemblies of God ] / k/d]Zj/sf] d08nL [church of God]
[SneNof08_ n], pbf/0fsf] nflu, wfld{s ljBfnox?nfO{ [seminaries] dfGotf
lbOPsf 5g\ . d}n] /fd|f] jf g/fd|f]sf] vflt/ lsg eGb5' eg] dfGotf k|fKt wfld{s
ljBfnox? s'g} klg cy{df cof]Uo 7xl/Psf] cflzifx? Xf]Ogg\ . oBlk ltgLx?n]
cfKgf cfGbf]ngx?sf] nflu lj4tj[lt pknAw u/fpg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g, ltgn] eg]
“p4f/ / pTyfgsf]” k|lqmofnfO{ klg ult lbg ;S5g\, h;n] d08nLx?nfO{ cfkm'
kmn]km"n]sf] dhb'/ju{af6 k[ys u/fpg] sf/ssf] ?kdf klg kl/lrt 5 . d]yf]l8:6
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; g} o:tf] s;/L x'g ;S5 / x'G5 eGg] HjnGt Oltxf; xf] . tfklg
krf; lbj;jflb lj4fgx?n] klxn] g} cfKmgf egfO{x?nfO{ km'6 lbg] vfnsf
k'j{ 3l6t 36\gfx? [Precedents] km]nf kfg{ P]ltxfl;s clen]vx?nfO{ c?
ulx/fO{;fy pTvgg\ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] krf;lbj;jfb ;DjlGw cWoog ug{sf]
nflu ;dfhsf] [society for pentecostal studies] u7g u/]sf 5g\ . o;}jLrdf, 8Nnf;
wfld{s ljBfno [Dallas Seminary] sf k|fWoks Hofs 8L/]n], cfTDffsf]
zlQm4f/f rlst [surprised by the power of the spirit ]h]08f]/efg k|sfzg gfds
k':ts n]Vg' ePsf] 5 . h;nfO{ sof}+n] jf/lkmN8sf] cGtjflb l;4fGt [cessationist
doctrine.] sf] k'0f{ v08g\sf] ?kdf lnOG5g\ .

Oltxf;n] xfdLnfO{ s] atfp+5 .

bf];|f] ztfAbLdf, hl:6g df6{/ / cfO/flgo; b'a} hgfn] d08nLx?df OZj/Lo
rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx? kl/rflng e}/x]sf] lyP eGg] dfGotf /fVby] t];|f] ztfAbLdf,
lxKkf]ln6;n] pgsf] cfKmg} n]vx? DWodf Pp6fdf rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx? sf]
;Fbe{ pNn]v u/]sf lyP, oBlk Tof] lgjGw cfkm} slxNo} klg cf}+NofOPsf]
5}g . [although the essay itself has never been located].
Tolx ztfAbLdf, 66{lnogn] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] cEof;nfO{ ;sf/fTds kf/fn] –
dfGotf ;lxt _ ko{jIf0f u/], clg pgn] cfkm'nfO{ df]G6fjfb, [Montanism].
Tf];|f] ztfAbL jf/]df Pp6f rdTsf/Ls cfGbf]ng, df kl/jt{g u/],
h;nfO{ O;fO{ d"nk|jfxsf sof}+ dflg;x?4f/f em'6f lzIff;Fu ;DjlGwt elg 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] lyof] . rf}yf] ztfAbLsf ljzk lxnf/Ln] rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx?sf] cEof;sf] kIfdf
af]Ng' eof] . hf]g lq|m;f]i6dn] em}+ . kfFrf} ztfAbLsf dxfg OZj/zf:qL
cul:6fOgnfO{, tL j/bfgx? ldlnSs x/fP eGg]x? / tL lg/Gt/ cj:yfdf /x] eGg]x?
b'j}tkm{sf] ;dy{ssf] ?kdf lnOG5 . h] ePtfklg, h]D; lsË h'lgo/n] of] s'/f kQf
nufpg' eof] ls cufli6gn] , “rdTsf/ ;DjlGw cfKmgf ;f]rfO{x?df k'0f{tof k5fl8
kms{] . df}lns?kdf pgn] ltgLx?sf lg/Gt/tfx? cfKmgf] hdfgfdf e}/x]sf] eGg]
ljifodf ljjfb u/]sf lyP . kl5 pgn] ltgsf jt{dfg j}wflgstfsf] af/]df cWofkg u/]sf
lyP / s]xL rdTsf/x?sf] cfkm' ujfxL ag]sf] s'/f klg bfjL u/]sf lyP .”%
Yff]d; cSjLgf;n], t]Å|f}+ ztfAbLdf, rdTsf/Ls zlQmx? d08nLnfO{ cfjZos
7fGby], oBlk of] s'/f eg]gg\ ls ltgLx?n] k|]l/tx?sf] o'ukl5 ;fFRr} lg/Gt/tf lnP
ls lnPgg\ .^
Ccul:6g / ;'wf/sf] ;do, !))) jif{ eGbf al9sf] cljlwjLrsf cGo ;Gbe{x? 5/ki6,
5g\ , t/ o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g ls To; If]qdf nfUg] lj4fgx?4f/f w]/} ;'gsf] dfqf
vfgLaf6 lgsflng cem} afFsL 5 . plrt sf/0fsf] ;fy cf}lrTosf] ;fy of] s'/f kSsf xf]
ls d08nL Oltxf;sf] sof}+ ljleGg o'ux?df rdTsfl/s j/bfgx? d08nLx?sf ljleGg
v08x?df [segments] kl/rflnt lyP eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f aGg] sfd e} /xg]5 . k|
f]6]i6]G6 ;'wf/sf] hdfgsf b'O{ d"wGo{ OZj/zf:qLx? [two prominent
theologians] , dfl6{g n'y/ / hf]g sflNegl;t cflTds j/bfgsf] af/]df eGg' kg{] lrh
yf]/} lyof] . oBlk n'y/n] k|]l/tx?sf] o'u [apostolic age ]df rdTsfl/s j/bfgx?sf] k|
of]u ul/Psf] x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgfx?nfO{ ;Lldt ug{‘' ePg, gtf pxfFn] lt lrhx?
cfKmgf d08nLx?df 3f]if0ff ul/Pnfg eGg] cfzf g} ug'{ eof] .
sflNegnfO{ k|]l/tx?sf] o'u;+u} tL j/bfgx? cGTo ePsf] dfGotf /fVg]
JolQmsf] ?kdf lnOG5, oBlk pgL tL j/bfgx? kl5 km]l/ b]vf kg{ ;Sg] ;f]r k|lt
p4f/ lyP . jf:tjdf, pgn] Ps k6s n]y/nfO{ “cfw'lgs k|]l/tx?sf”] ?kdf u0fgf u/]sf
lyP . &
;'wf/sf] ;do / aL;f}+ ztfAbLjLr kljq cfTdfsf] sfo{ ;DjlGWf ;aeGbf ;3g
Jofjxf/ [treatment] ;qf}+ ztfAbLsf] OËNof0sf hf]g cf]j]gsf] sndaf6 ePsf] 5 .
pgsf] n]vx? Kfl5Nnf ;'wfl/Psfx? [Later Reformed] / sflNegjfbLx? [Calvinist]
h:tf OZj/zf:qLx?sf] ljrf/wf/fdf k|efjzfnL?kdf –xfjL_ ePsf lyP . cf]j]gn] of]
dfGotf /fVg'x'G5 ls d08nLx?df j/bfgx? dfGo 5g\ . t/ pgL j/bfgx?nfO{ c;fGo
j/bfg / ;fdfGo j/bfgsf] ?kdf 5'6\ofpg] k|yd JolQm x'g ;S5g\ . Pp6f o:tf] km/s
hg ;'wf/kl5sf] OZj/ zf:qdf cfd?kdf kfOGYof] . k|]l/tx?sf] lbgx? Wfd{o'4 ;Dd
l;ldt c;fwf/0f j/bfgx?df cGoefiffx?, rdTsf/x?, rFufO{x? / k|]l/tx?sf sfo{nox?,
cudjQmfx? / k|rf/s kb{5g\ . pgfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ca|fxfd s'Ok/ [Abraham
Kuyper] / aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf a]Ghfldg jf/lkmN8 h:tf JolQmx?df klg o;;Fu
ldNbf]h'Nbf] ;f]+r kfOG5 .
d]yf]l8hd [Methodism] tyf To;kl5sf] kljqtfsf] cfGbf]ng [Holiness
mevement] sf lktf, hf]g j]HnL, Ps k|sf/n] krf; lbj;Lo cfGbf]ng [pentecostal
Movement] sf] em8\s]nf afj' b]lvG5g\ .wd{zf:q gofF s/f/k|ltsf] pgsf]
v'nfkg, ;fy;fy} lvli6ogx?sf] JolQmut lhDd]jf/Lk|lt pgn] lbPsf] hf]8n] To;
r/0fsf] lgdf0f{ u/|of] .t/ oBlk pgn] Pg df}sfdf cflTds j/bfgx?sf] pNn]v u/],
pgL “tL j/bfgx?k|ltsf] Jofjxf/df cJojl:yt / cw'/f] lyP” . pgL olt cl:y/ lyP ls
kl5Nnf lbgx?df cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ a'Em\df pgn] lbPsf] k|ToIf
of]ubfgnfO{ clt Go'g ;Flemg' kg]{ x'G5 .
d08nLsf] Oltxf;df k[ys k[ys ljrf/wf/f ePsf [Marginaldroups] ;d'xx?
cl:gTjdf cfP, h;nfO{ cGo lrhx?sf] ;fydf, cflTds j/bfgx?sf] k|of]u u/]/
lrlgGYof] . logLx? DfWosf sof}+ ;d'xx?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] ;dosf] d"nk|jfxsf
lvli6ogx?n] [Mainstream christians] r/dcltjflb fanatcal] / em'6f lzIff;Fu
;DjlGwt ;DemGy] o; k|sf/sf] cfnf]rgf st} d"nk|jfx lvli6og xF:;L dhfs
[Mainstream christian ridicule] / xfd|f] cfKmg} ztfAbLsf] z'?df krf;
lbj;Ljflbx? [Pentecostals_ sf] ;tfj6;Fu ;dfgfGt/ ePsf] t lyPg eg] Ps hgf dflg;
crlDdt x'G5 . jfN8]Gh]x?, clNjh]G;]x?, sld;f8{x?, hfG;]lgi6x?, tL
k'j{ wSsfbfosx?, [the early quakers], b zFs/x? / OleËufO6x?nfO{ rdTsf/Ls
j/bfgx?sff] k|of]u stf{sf] ?kdf pNn]lvt kfOG5 , clg ltgLx? dWo] sof}+n] tL
lvli6ogx?sf] xftaf6 ;tfj6 ef]Ug' k/|of] hf] h;sf] cfKmgf] dfemdf /x]sf cflTds
j/bfgx?sf] kl/rfng;Fu c;n ;DjGw lyPg .
To;sf/0f ha d &) sf] bzsdf s'g} gofF lrh eof] eg]/ atfpF5', d]/f] egfO{sf]
cy{ Tolt dfq xf] . oBlk l;+uf] lvli6og Oltxf;e/ lvli6sf] z/L/ [body of Christ ]
sf s]xL cFzx?df rdTsf/Ls j/bfgx? [charismatic gifts] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] x'g
;Sb5g\ .tfklg cfh ltgLx?sf] k|of]u cd]l/sf / ;+;f/sf] cGo efux?df sof}+ -w]/}_
dfqfdf a[xt?kdf e}/x]sf] 5 . k|yd ztfAbLsf] o; 5]pmdf o; cfGbf]ngn] d08nLo
k/Dk/fx?sf] 3]/fnfO{ cGo s'g} klg ;dodf eGbf Hofbf gfKb5 .

;Dk"0f{ ljZjf;Lx?sf] ;]jsfO{

dfl6{g n'y/n] lvi6sf] cflw/fHonfO{ :yfoL?kdf kl/jt{g ul/lbP h"gj]nf pgn]

;Dk'0f{ lj:jf;Lsf] nflu k'hf/LTj [prisethood ] sf] k'gk|flKt u/] . cem} klg,
n'y/gjfbn] /f]dg Sofyf]lns d08nLsf] kfb/Ljfb [clericalism] ;Fu /x]sf w]/}
u'0fx? lnPsf] lyof] . Pshgf cfZro{rlst x'G5 of] b]v]/ ls lsg wd{;'wf/
[Reformation] cfGbf]ngsf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sf d08nOx?nfO{ ;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?
sf]] ;]jsfO{sf] lglDt afO{anLo –wd{zf:qLo_ lzIffsf] k'gk|flKtsf] nflu $))
jif{ eGbf al9 ;do nfUof] xf]nf eg]/ .

dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 !(&@ nfO{ g} ;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?sf] ;]jsfO{n] ;dsflng

O;fO{jfbdf [In contemporary Christianity] Pp6f :yfoL x}l;ot k|fKt u/]sf] ldlt
dfGg' kb{5 . !(&@ df, /] :6]8Dofgsff] z/L/sf] hLjg [Body Life] l/un k':ts4f/f
k|sflzt ePsf] lyof], clg of] k':ts Pp6f ;a}eGbf lalqm x'g] lstfj 7xl/of] . o;
k':tsdf, oL cf}wL ;Ddflgt u}/ krf; lbj;jfbL g]tfn] eg] ls cflTds j/bfgx? l7s
lyP . oBlk pgsf] j/bfgx?sf] ;'lr s]xL c?x?sf] eGbf 5f]6f] lyof], lsg eg] pgL klg
cGtjfbL [cessationist] lyP, pgn] s;/L cflTds j/bfgx?n], ;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?
sf] ;]jsfO{x?n], / “z/L/sf] hLjg” n] Soflnkmf]lgofsf] kfnf] cf6f]l:yt k]lg:;'nf
afO{an d08nLdf :jf:Yo, ;lhjtf / hf]; NofPsf lyP eg]/ k|i6 b]vfP . z/L/sf] hLjg
[body of Life] sf] k|sfzgn] NofPsf] 5fndo k|efjx? [Ripple effects] sf] olt
uxgtd k|efj kf/]sf 5g\ ls, cfh ;Dk'0f{ ;]jsfO{ Jofj;flos cu'jf jf sd{rf/Lx?n] ug{'
kb{5 eg]/ jsfnnt ug{] lj/n} d08nL kfOG5g\ . sltkon] o;nfO{ c?x?n] h:tf] ltj|
tfsf;fy nfu' ug{ c;dy{ e}/x]sf ePtfklg, lt dWo] w]/}n] cfd;fdfGo dflg;x?
nfO{ ltgLx?sf cflTds j/bfgx? kQf nufpg / pgLx?/sf] dfWod4f/f
d08nLsf] ;]jsfO{ ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ l;4fGtt M :jLsf/ ub{5g\ .

s'g} klg d08nLdf of] s'/f s;/L Pp6f jf:tljstf x'g ;Sb5 eGg' g} o; k':tssf] ;f/
xf] .

k/fjt{g k|Zgx? [Reflection Questios]

!, dflg lnp+ afO{ann] k|i6?kdf l;sfpFb5 ls ;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?sf]
;fydf ;]jsfO{ ug{sf] nflu cflTds j/bfg x'G5 . To;f] xf] eg], lsg ztfAbLcf}+
;Dd d08nLx?n] o; s'/fnfO{ cfKmgf] s]G4Lo lzIffdf ;dfj]z u/]gg\, elg tkfO{n]
s;/L JofVof ug{'x'G5 <
@, xfd|f] ztfAbLsf] k|f/Dedf sof}+ krf; lbj;LojfbL [pentecostals], g]tfx?n]
cflTds j/bfgx?sf] jf/]df jrg jfF8\g z'? u/] t/ d08nLsf] ;]jsfO{ w]/}} h;f] d'Vo?
kdf ;fdfGo dflg;x?4f/f ul/g' k5{ eg]/ gl;sfpg'sf] sf/0f s] x'g ;S5 <

#, s] tkfO{n] JolQmut?kdf afO{andf pNn]lvt dWo] w]/} cflTds j/bfgx? k|yd

ztfAbLkl5 j]sfDdf eP elg 7fGg] s'g} ljZjf;Lx?nfO{ lrGg' x'G5 < o; af/]df
tkfO{sf] s] ;f]rfO{ 5 <
$, n'y/sf] “;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?sf] k"hf/LTj” l;4fGt / k]6/ jfUg/sf]
“;Dk'0f{ ljZjf;Lx?sf] ;]jsfO”{ l;4fGt aLrdf ePsf km/sx?sf] af/]df rrf{ u/ .
%, cflTds j/bfgx?sf] cEof; ;DjlGw s]xL Oltxf; kl9;s]kl5, tkfO{sf] d08nL s'g
7fFpdf l7s xf]nf –d]nvfnf _ eGg] 7fGg' x'G5 <

l6Kk0fLx?
!, oL tLg xfFufx?sf] Pltxfl;s ljsf;sf] k|d'v ljj/0fx?sf] k|i6 ;f/f+zsf] nflu, rfN;{=
O{= xd]nsf], cu]gfdf cfuf] M ;dfsflng rdTsf/Ls gljs/0f –8f]g/hu|f]a, cfO{=
PnM OG6/ ef/fl;l6 k|];, !(&*_ [Charles E. Hummel, Fore in the Fireplace:
contemporary charismatic Remewal [Downers grove, IL: Inter Varsity press,
1978] x]g{‘'; .
@, hf]g Pkm= jfNef]8{, kljq cfTDff –u|f08 /\oflk8\;, Pd cfO{M hf]08.efg k|
sfzg u[x, !(%$_, k[i7 = !&#- !*& .
#, d]l/n Pkm= pUg/, alKt:df / kljq cfTdfsf] pkxf/ -j/bfg_ x? –l;sfuf], cfO{=
PnM d'l8 k|];, !(&$_ k[i7 !#( .
$, a]Ghfldg aL= jf/lkmN8, rdTsf/x? lxhf] / cfh, jf:tljs tyf gSsnL rdTsf/x? –u|
f08 /\oflk8\;, Pd cfO{ M 8ANo' Pd= aL= P8{Dofgh k|sfzg s}, !(^%, cf]l/u, !
(!*_, k[i7 =^
h]D; uf]8{g lsË h'lgo/, kljq cfTDffsf] j/bfg af/]df P]ltxfl;s ljZjf;x?sf] ;FlIfKt
d'NofFsg, ck|sflzt b:tfj]h !(&& . of] b:tfj]h ;DjlGwt ljifodf Go'of]{s
ljZjlBfnoaf6 ljBfjfl/lw ug{sf] nflu k|jGw n]Vg] x]t'n] tof/ kfl/Psf] k|f/lDes
l6Kk0fLx?sf] ;Fu|x xf] . P]ltxfl;s ;'rgfx?sf] Pp6f c;n -dfqf _ kl/df0f lsËsf]
b:tfj]haf6 ul/Psf] 5 . xd]nsf], cu]gfdf cfuf] [Fire in Fireplace] , eGg] k':ts klg
cflTds j/bfgx? ;DjlGw P]ltxfl;s j/bfgx?sf] ljifodf 5nkmn rnfpgsf] nflu
;xof]uL l;4 ePsf] 5 .
^, x]g'{xf]; lyof]8f]/ hFus'6|hsf], “lg/k]lIfs/0f OZj/zf:q rdTsf/Ls gljs/0fd /
n'y/sf] qm';sf] OZj/zf:q”, s0sf]l8{of lyof]nlhsn dGynL –hgj/L, !(&!, k[i7
&@
&, lsË, “Ps ;FlIfKt d"NofËg”, k[i7 =* .
cWofo b'O{

c1fgtf k/dcfgGb xf]Og

cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df s;n] hfGg rfxfG5 < tkfO{n] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df
hfGg' cfjZos 5 . olb M
!, tkfO{ Pp6f O;fO{ x'g'x'G5 eg]
@,tkfO{ o]z'lvi6nfO{ cfKmgf] k|e' elg ljZjf; ug{'x'G5 / pxfFnfO{ k|]d ug{ /
;Fefljt ;aeGbf /fd|f] tl/sfn] pxfFnfO{ k5\ofpg rfxg' x'G5, /
#, tkfO{n] cfKmgf] d08nL :jf:Yo, cfsif{s, clg dflg;x?sf] ;d'xnfO{ k/d]Zj/sff]
k|]d b]vfp+b} tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf x'sf{pg rfxfg'x'G5 eg] .

d tkfO{x? cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df c1fgL/x]sf] b]Vg rfxfGg eGg]

k|]/0ffbfoL jrgx? Kfjn k|]l/tn] ! sf]/GyL !@M! df /fv]sf 5g\ . sf]/GyLsf]
d08nL h;nfO{ kfjnn] xtf;k'0f{ efjdf
[ des[erately ] n]lv/x]sf lyP,To;nfO{ cflTds j/bfgx?sf] ljifodf lgb]{zgx?sf]
vfFrf] lyof] . t/ cfh, lkmnf8f]lNkmof, ;fg PG6f]lgof], sfG;f; l;6L, l;of6n,
gf;leNn] / tkfOsf] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df hfGg cfjZos 5 . kljq cfTDff / xfd|f]
hdfgfdf pxfFsf] ;]jsfO{sf] af/]df ?lrsf] JofKt gljs/0fsf] jfjh't klg, cd]l/sf / ;
+;f/sf] c? efudf d08nL kl5 d08nL cem} klg d08nLsf] hLjgzlQm [Vitality] /
a[l4sf] nflu k/d]Zj/k|bQ o; phf{ [Dynamio] sf] af/]df cgle1 / 5'6\sf/ff kfpgsf]
nflu klv{/x]sf 5g\ .
o; k|sf/sf] cgle1tf s'g} klg xfntdf k/dfgGb xf]Og . cfhsf d08nLx?sf]
cwsNrf] a[l4 [retareded Church growth] sf] k5fl8Psf] k|d'v sf/0f cflTds
j/bfgx?sf] af/]df cgle1tf x'g ;Sb5 . lg?T;fx, c;'/Iff, lg/fzf / ulNtx? h;n] sof}+
O;fO{x?nfO{ ;d:ofu|:t kfb}{ k/d]Zj/k|ltsf] ltgLx?sf] ;du| -s'n_ k|efjsfl/tf l;ldt
ub{5 , To;sf] kmndf of] klg x'g ;S5 .

tkfO{sf] Psbd cfjZos sbd

s] tkfO{ ;fFRr} g} k/d]Zj/n] agfpg' rfxfg' ePsf] dflg; x'g'x'G5 eg], ;fob o;
k':tsn] tkfO{nfO{ c? al9 pTkfbglzn / leGg lbzftkm{ 8f]/|ofpg] 5 . cflTds
j/bfgx? ;DjlGw cgle1tfsf] s'lx/f]nfO{ x6fpg' tTsflng cflTdstf k|fKt
ug{ hfb'sf] ;'q xf]Og elg cfjZos cfZj:t x'g'xf]; xfd|f] r]nfkg tTjx?sf] Pp6f g/d /
hl6n ;+of]hg xf] , h;nfO{ lg/Gt/?kdf d"NofËg / k'gd"NofÍg ul/g' kb{5 . c?
lrhx? ;dfg x}l;otsf x'G5g, h] eP tfklg, tkfO{n] l5§} g} Pp6f d'lQmbfos
tfhuLbfos / pTyfgdo?kdf k/d]Zj/sf] kljq cfTDff;Fusf] ;fIffTsf/ tkfO{n] cg'e'lt
ug{ z'? ug{' x'g]5 , ha tkfO{n] d}n] 7fg]sf] Pp6f lvli6ogTjsf] ?kdf tkfO{sf]
HfLjg rfNg'kg{] cfwf/e"t sbd tkfO{sf] hLjgdf k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f tkfO{sf]
cflTds j/bfg jf cflTds j/bfgx? a'Emg] s'/fnfO{ kQf nufpg' x'G5 .
sof}+nfO{, of] s'/f Å7f; jf cfd'n kl/jt{gsf/L nfUg]5 / pgLx?n] d]/f] dfGotf
dfly k|Zg p7fpg yfNg]5g\ . st} d}n] cfkm}nfO{ a9fO{ r9fO{ ul//x]sf]t 5}g
eg]/ pgLx? rlst kg{]5g\ .
d}n] To;f] u/]sf] 5' h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d JoflQmut?kdf hf]8bf/;fy cg'ej
ub{5' ls h] s'/f d}n] eg]sf] 5' Tof] j}w - valid _ xf]÷5 . cflTds j/bfgx?sf]
af/]df xf];Ln u/]sf] cfjZos 1fgn] O{;fO r]nfkgdf k'¥ofpg] of]ubfgsf]
hLjgzlQm, [vitality] n] dnfO{ b'O{6f ;|f]taf6 k|efljt kfl//x]sf] 5 . [ the vitality
that knowing about spiritual gifts contributes to christian discipleship has
been impressed on me from two soures]. k|yd ;|f]t k/d]Zj/sf] jrg xf] . “l;+uf]
wd{zf:q k/d]Zj/sf] k|]/0ff4f/f lbOPsf] 5, tf ls k/d]Zj/sf] dflg; x/]s c;n sfo{sf]
nflu ;';lHht x'g ;sf];” .-@ ltdf]yL #M!^,!&_ xfdLx? cfkm}n]
cfkm}nfO{ cflTDfs?kn] km]nf kfg{ lbzf lgb]{zg ug{] k|yd ;|f]t, ta afO{an
g} x'g' kb{5 , clg ToxfF o;sf] nflu csf{] k|lt:yfks 5}g . ljsNk 5}g .
t/ Tof] csf{] ;|f]t, oBlk dfWolds xf], d]/f] lgZsif{sf] nflu, d]/f] cfKmg}
cg'ejsf] cfwf/df plQ g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfn}sf] Pp6f /]l8of] cGtjf{tfdf d]/f]
wd{kl/jt{g [conversion] eGbf csf]{ d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ cflTds
cg'ej s'g lyof] eg]/ dnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . d}n] d]/f] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] kQf
nufpg ;Sg' g} lyof] eg]/ hnfkm lbg lxrlsrfOg . o; k':tsn] cfsf/ lnb}hfFbf, d]/f]
JolQmut hLjgdf of] s'/f s;/L eof] eg]/ d}n] s]xL lj:t[t?kdf JofVof ug{]5' ,
To;}n] o;nfO{ oxfF d nDAofpg rfxfGg . nf}{ ca pQm k|fyflds k/d]Zj/sf] jrg
tkm{ hfcf}+ .

k/d]Zj/sf] OR5ff kQf nufpg k/d]Zj/sf] dfu{

gofF O;fO{x?nfO{ :d/0f ug{sf] nflu af/Djf/ l;kmf/L; ul/Psf] wd{zfqsf

kf7x? dWo] Pp6f xf] /f]dL !@M!,@ . rfln; jif{ klxn] ha d O;fO{ ag] plt j]nf
d}n] klxnf]kN6 :d/0f u/]sf kf7x? dWo] kSs} of] klg Pp6f lyof] . clg
o;nfO{ d}n] slxNo} e"n]sf] 5}g . Tof] oxfF 5 M
o;sf/0f efO{ xf], k/d]Zj/sf] s[kfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv d ltdLx?nfO{ cg'/f]w
ub{5' ls ltdLx?sf] cflTds pkf;gfsf] ?kdf cf cfKmgf z/L/nfO{ kljq /
k/d]Zj/nfO{ ck{0f x'g] lhpFbf] alnsf] ?kdf ck{0f u/ . @ o; ;+;f/sf] 9fFrfdf
grn ,t/ cfKmgf] ,dgdf gofF eO{ k'0f{?kn] kl/jlt{t xf]cf], / k/d]Zj/sf] c;n , u|
x0fof]Uo / l;4 OR5f s] xf] , Tof] ltdLx?n] hfFRg ;s .

o; kf7sf] clGtd jfSo v08 g} Tof] xff] h;n] o;nfO{ gofF O{;fO{x?nfO{ clt
cfsif{s b]lvg] jgfPsf] 5 . “k/d]Zj/sf] c;n, u|x0fof]Uo / l;4 OR5f” k'/f ug{' x/]s
hf] sf]xL JolQm h;n] k'gh{Gd ;fFFrf]?kdf lnPsf] 5 p;sf] OdfGbf/, xflb{s
OR5f xf] . ha xfdLn] o]z'n] clGtd d"No pxfFsf] /utnfO{ qm';df aufP/
,xfdLnfO{ arfpg ltg{'eof] . –r'sfpg' eof]_ . elg dxz'; u5f}+, xfdLn] eGg]
klxnf] lrh xf], “wGofjfb , k/d]Zj/ tkfO{nn] h] ug'{ eof] To;sf] nflu d
tkfO{nfO{ k|]d u5'{ . d tkfO{sf] ;]jf ug{ rfxfG5' .. ca eGg'; tkfO{ d}n] s]
u/]sf] b]Vg rfxfg'x'G5 .”

oL b'O{ kbx?n], tyfkL, jl/i7 O;fO{x? k|lt Pp6f ;d:of b]vfp5g\ [pose],
gofFx?nfO{ s]xL geGg] axfgf lbG5g\ . OdfGbf/ x'g] xf] eg], OdfGbf/;fy
eGg' kbf{ tL Jofjxf/Ls 5}gg\ .
ljz'4 ;Fof]ujz, h'g xKtf d}n] o; kf7sf] cy{ vf]lh/x]sf] lyP, /]d08 cf]6{n08
gfdsf d]/f cu'jfn], ;f]xL kf7 ;DjGwdf Pp6f pkb]z lbg'eof] . lsgls dnfO{ yfxf
lyof] ls d}n] To; af/]df TolxxKtf n]Vg u}/x]sf] x'gfn], d}n] ;w}+sf] eGbf
Hofbf Wofg lbP/ ;'g] . /]n] u+le/ JofVofg / wfld{s JofVofgz}nLsf]
;Fof]hs4f/f ;f] wd{;efnfO{ -cg';Gwfg_ To;sf] cy{ :k:6 kfg{ u/]sf] r]i6f4f/f d
gs} k|efljt ePF . [I was impressed with energy ray was exerting to try to
make the meaning clear to the congregation], “z/L/nfO{ Pp6f ;lhj alnbfgsf] ?
kdf k|:t't ug{] jf “o; ;+;f/k|lt ;'lglZrt gx'g”] jf “tkfO{sf] dl:tissf] gljs/0f4f/f ?
kfGt/Lt x'g”] h:tf cjwf/0ffx?sf] cy{ :j k|df0f [self evidence] eGbf 6f9f 5 .
ltcrDd nfUbf kbx? x'g t/ lgDgtdxbdf eGg' kbf{ cln cd'{t klg 5g\ .
ha d :jo+ cfKmgf] cflTds lty{ofqftkm{ kmsG5', d ;FemG5' ls d}n] sG7:t
kf/]sf oL kbx?n] d]]/f] hLjgdf s]xL sfd u/]sf lyP, t/ w]/} Hofbf xf]Og . tL
pRrf/0f ug'{ Ps lrhsf] nflu, /fd|f] nfUby] . csf]{ cy{df tL kbx?n] dnfO{
;Femfp+by] ls k/d]Zj/nfO{ v';L kfg]{ vfnsf] hLjg hLpg'sf] Pp6f cFz d}n]
cfkm}nfO{ pxfFk|lt ck{0f ug{' lyof] . t/ ltgn] dnfO{ hxfF a;fn] Tof] :yfg
eg]sf] k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fnfO{ Jofjxfl/s If]qdf vf]Hg' lyof] . d}n] k/d]Zj/sf] c;n /
u|x0f of]Uo / l;4 OR5f k'/f ug{ rfxfGy]+ . t/ /f]dL !@ M!,@,af6
hDdfhDdLdf d}n] lgsfNg ;s]sf] lgrf]8 of] lyof] . ls d hlt hlt ;dlk{t x'Fb}
hfGy] plt plt d k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f hfGg ;dy{ x'g ;Sy]+ .
;dk{0f OZj/zf:q [consetration theology ]
of] ljrf/ h;nfO{ clxn] d ;dk{0fsf OZj/zf:q eG5' tL O{;fO{ ;fyLx?
Hff]l;t d e|d0f u/] pgLx?sf]f ;ef Jofks lyof] . ;'wfl/Psf] ;dk{0fsf]f Pp6f k|
d'v ;Fs]t Go' h;L{k:yt s];jLs lvli6og cfwf/e'ld [Keswick christian
campground] lyof], h;sf] glhs} To;;dodf d a:by] . ha hLjgdf ;Fs6k'0f{ / u+le/
lg0f{ox? Ug'{kg]{ eof] . xfdLnfO{ s];jLsdf s]xLlbg /xg af/Daf/ ;Nnfx
lbOGYof] . TofFxf xfdLnfO{ xfdLx? ljhok'0f{ hLjgdf k|j]z ug{] lyof} . eg]/,
cfZj:t kfl/Gyof] . clg o;4f/f k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f k|:6 x'g]]5 eg]/ ljZj:t
t'NofOGYof] . ha d kl5 kms]{/ x]5'{ , d a'Em5' ls k/d]Zj/n], pxfFsf] cg'u|
x4f/ff, dnfO{ ;Fdk{0f OZj/zf:q4f/f dfu{ bz{g ug{' ePsf] lyof] . oBlk Ps hgf
dflg; n; P~hN; b]lv ;fgk|mfG;{:sf] ;Dd ;fO{sndf ofqf ug{ ;S5' , jf lrof rDrfsf]
k|of]u u/]/ Pp6f ejgsf] hu vGg ;S5', tL sfo{x? cem al9 Jofjxfl/s z}nLdf ug{
;lsG5

k/d]Zj/sf OR5f k'/f ug{sf] nflu Pp6f ;dlk{t hLjgsf] cjZo} vfFrf] kb{5 .
d}n] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ Tof] tYonfO{ lft cl:jsf/ u/]sf] jf lkmsf kf/]sf] eg]/
a'lemg' –lnOg'_ x'Gg . “t/ k/d]Zj/sf] c;n, u|x0fof]Uo / l;4 OR5f” km]nf
kfg{sf] nflu hfGg' kg{] Jofjxfl/s ljlw k|0ffnLnfO{ a'Emg', xfdLn] /f]dLx?
sf] !@ M# ^ k9\g cfjZos 5, kl5 kms]{/ /f]dLx?sf] !@ M!,@ xf]Og . of] Pp6f
cQd tf}/ tl/sf xf] . of] o;f] ug{' eg]sf] lrof rDrfn] xf/sf] hu vfg{' eGbf Pp6f
Sof6/ lkn/, 6\ofS6/n] hu vGg' h:t} xf] .

Jf/bfg OZj/zf:q [Gift of theology]

Xfd|f] hLjgdf k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fl;t Jofjxfl/s ;DjGw :yfkgf ug{] -;fFrf]_
xfdLx? cfkm}n], /f]dLx? !@ M#, cg';f/ “uxg kf/fn] ;f]Rg' xf] . o;sf] cy{ of]
xf] ls xfdLx? k|To]sn] Pp6f yfngL ljGb'sf] ?kdf Pp6f oyf{yjfbL cfTd
d"Nof‹g ug{' h?/L 5 . lkmlnK;sf] cg'jfb [the philips translation] n] eGb5,
cfKmgf] v';Lx?sf] Ps ;fy{s cGbfh ug{ sf]l;; u/ .”
o; oyf{yjflb cfTDf d"Nof‹gsf] ljGb';Dd cfO{ k'Ug b'O{6f sbdx? Rflng'
kb{5, Pp6f gsf/fTDs / csf{] ;sf/fTds .
gsf/fTds?kn], xfdLnfO{ cfkm'nfO{ rflxg] eGbf Hofbf dflyNnf] :t/sf]
;Flemg' cg'dlt 5}Gf . xfdLn] :jd"Nof‹sg ug]{j]nf, To;sf/0f, xfdLn] 3d08 ug]
{ sf]7f –7fFpm_ 5}g . c;n ljj]rfgfo'Qm d"Nof‹sgdf ;w}+ g} ljgd|tf x'G5 .
xfdLn] uNtL ug}{k5{, cToGt} ljgd| aGgsf] vflt/ uNtL ug{‘' cToGt} 3d08L
x'g' eGbf >]i7s/ w]/} /fd|f] x'G5 . t/ k/d]Zj/n]] pxfFsf] 5f]f/f5f]/Lx?sf] nflu
agfpg' ePsf] dfu{sf] k|sfzdf b'j} clt cfjZos 5}gg\ .

;s/fdTds?kn] ,xfdLn] of] s'/f a'Emg' h?/L 5 ls ljZjf;sf] dfkg [measure of

faith] xfd|ff] cflTds ;Fljwfgsf] Pp6f cFu xf] . h'g s'/fnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] x/]s
O;fO{ JolQmnfO{ afF8\g' ePsf] 5 . To;nfO{ o;/L nfu' ul/G5 ls x/]s O{;fO{n]
Pp6f km/s dfkb08 k|of]u ug{ ;S5 clg To;/L k|To]s O{‘;fO{ cl4lto [unique]
x'G5 . t/ cl4lto s'g cy{df < kfjnn] o; k|ZGfsf] – lrGtg_ hjfkm lbg'eGbf klxn]
pxfFn] cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf] JofVof ug{ a[xt?kdf k|of]u ug{ u}O/x]sf] pkdf
[analogy] nfO{ gfdut?kdf, dfgj z/L/sf] pkdf [the analogy of human body]
lbg'x'G5.

/f]dL !@ M$ af6 xfdLn] l;Sb5f}+ ls xfd|f] z/L/sf] Pp6f ;fwf/0f

d"Nof‹sgn] xfdLnfO{ “JofVofgzf:qLo ;fFRff]” cflTDfs j/bfgx? ;DjGwL
wd{zf:qLo lzIffx?nfO{ vf]Ng lbg]5 . “JofVofgzf:qLo” ;fdfGotof afO{anLo
pNyfsf] lglDt OZj/zf:qLo zAb xf] . [ humanities is simply the theological
word for biblical interpretation] t;y{ cflTDfs j/bfgx? ;DjlGw afO{anLo
lzIffsf] af]w ug{sf] nflu xfdLn] ;w}+ g} xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] xfd|f] dfgj z/L/sf]
dfgl;s lrq /fVg' kb{5 .

JofVofgzf:qLo ;fFrf] [The hermaneutical key ]

o; JofVofgzf:qLo ;fFrf] cfZro{hgs?kn] cw'/f] 5 . o;n] ljsl;t z/L/ /rgfzf:q jf

z/L/ wd{ lj1fg zf:q cyjf jFzfg'zf:qnfO{ ;FnUg ub}{g . o;n] dfq of] dfGotf
cfjZos 7fG5 ls xfd|f] ef}lts z/L/ sof}+ ;b:ox?4f/f lgld{t x'G5 . csf{] zAbdf,
olb xfdLn] xfd|f sfg4f/f s]xL s'/f klg l6Kg ;Sb}gf}, / xfdLn] xfd|f xftx?
4f/f ;'Gg ;Sb}gf}, eGg] a'Emb5f}+ eg] xfdLl;t xfdLnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf]
dfu{bz{s 5 . zf/Ll/s ;b:ox? ltgLx?sf cfKmg} sfo{x? ug{nfO{ lgld{t x'G5g\
To;eGbf al9 xf]Ogg\ . ltgLx?nfO{ h] sfd gug{ eg]/ agfOPsf] lyof] . ToxL sfd
ltgaf6 ;DkGg ug{] cf1f u¥of}+ eg] xfdLn] uNtL ug{]5f}+ . t/ ltgLx?n] To;n]
l;+uf] z/L/nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 .
To;sf/0f To;l;t, /f]dL !@ M% df kfjnn] eGg'x'G5 ls lvi6sf] z/L/ klg dfgj
z/L/;Fu x'jx' ldNg] ul/ ;Frflnt x'G5 . x/]s O;fO{ lvi6sf] z/L/sf] Ps ;b:o xf] clg
xft / sfgx?sf cfKmgf cfKmg} sfo{x? ePh:t} p;sf] nflu p;n] k'/f ug{'kg{] ljz]if
sfd x'G5 . To;eGbf klg, ;a} pxL z/L/sf cFux? x'g' o;sf/0f Pp6f clt jf:tljstf
cy{df ;a} ljZjf;Lx?nfO{ Ps csf{sf] vfFrf] x'G5 .
 To;n] xfdLnfO{ c? k|Zgx?tkm{ 8f]¥ofpF5 . olb d pQm z/L/sf] cFu x'F eg]
d ;f] z/L/sf] Pp6f sfg cyjf xft jf c? s'g} cFu dWo] s'grfFxL x'F eg]/ s;/L yfxf
kfpF5' . k/d]Zj/n] dnfO{ s;/L sfd u/]sf] rfxfg'x'G5 eg]/ d}n] s;/L yfxf kfFp5'
<
pQ/ tkfO{sf] cflTds j/bfg jf j/bfg ;Fld>0f4f/f ;f] z/L/ [body] df tkfO{sf]
pb]Zo lgwf{l/t ePsf] x'G5 . kfjnn] xfdLx? Ps csf{sf ;b:ox? xf}+ elg;s] pxfFn]
yKg'x'G5 “xfdLnfO{ lbO{Psf] cg'u|x cg';f/ cnu cnu j/bfgx?sf] k|of]u u/f}
+ .”/f]dL -!@ M^_, clg pxfFn] ljz]if j/bfgx?sf] Pp6f ;'rL agfpg z'? ug{‘'
x'G5 .
wd{zf:qsf] o; kf7af6 lgsflnPsf] d]/f] lgisif{, tj of] xf] ls “;dk{0f
OZj/zf:q” eGbf “j/bfg OZj/zf:q” Pp6f Jofjxfl/s?kn] tkfO{sf] hLjgdf
k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fnfO{ a'Emg :ki7?kn] a9L ;xof]uL 5 . “k/d]Zj/sf] c;n u|
x0fof]Uo / l;4 OR5f” k'/f ug{sf] nflu tkfO{n] cfKmg} jf/]df uFle/?kn] ;f]Rg'
kb{5 , uFle/tfsf;fy ;f]Rg tkfO{ cfKmgf] ljZjf;sf] dfkg [your measure of
faith ] af/]df oyf{yjfbL x'g}k5{ . tkfO{sf] ljZjf;sf] dfkg Tof] cflTds j/bfg xf]
h;n] tkfO{nfO{ ;f] z/L/sf] s'g cFu aGg] eg]/ k/d]Zj/n] agfpg'ePsf] xf] elg
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 / To;sf/0f To;n] k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{nfO{ k'/f ug{sf] nflu k|bfg
ug{‘' ePsf] ljz]if sfo{sf] af/]df k|sfz kfb{5, ;Fejt tkfO{sf] z]if hLjgsf] nflu
lbg'ePsf] sfo{sf] af/]df .

Tof] lvi6sf] z/L/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

Vff;?kdf, Tof] lvi6sf] z/L/ eg]sf] s] xf] h;sf] af/]df xfdLnfO{ kl/ro
u/fO{Psf] 5 < lsg ls afO{ann] eGb5 ls xfdL ;a} O;fO{x? lvi6df Pp6} z/L/
xf|}+, xfdL a'Emb5f}+ ls of] ljZjf;Lx?sf] Pp6f ;d'x xf] . c? afO{anLo kf7x?
df, Tof] z/L/nfO{ k|i7?kdf d08nL;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 . Plkm;L ! n], pbf/0fsf]
nflu, k/d]Zj/n] lvi6nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ /fHox? / zlQmx? eGbf dfly /fVg' ePsf] /
c? ;f/f lrhx?nfO{ “pxfFsf] k}tnfd'lg /fVb}, clg pxfFnfO{ d08nLsf
;Dk'0f{ lrhx? h'g pxfFsf] z/L/ xf], To;sf] 6fpsf] x'g” kb [@!-@#] lbg' ePsf]
s'/fsf] rrf{ ub5' . sn:;L !n] klg Jofjxfl/s?kdf ToxL s'/f atfpFb5, gfd?kdf o]z'
“z/L/sf], d08nLsf] 6fpsf] x'g'x'G5” –kb !* _ ha d}n] o; k':tsdf lvi6sf] z/L/sf]
k|of]u ub{5', afO{ann] eGg vf]h]s} s'/f, lvli6og d08nL eGg vf]h]sf] x'F .
Df08nL, jf:tjdf, sof}+ txx?df cl:tTjdf /xG5, of] ljZjf;Lx?sf] :yflgo ;FutL xf]
of] /fli6o ;|Dk|bfo xf], of] ldzg P]~;L xf], clg of] ljZjJofkL?kdf ljleGg b]zdf
dflgx? Klg xf] h;n] lvi6nfO{ JolQmut?kdf k|e' dfGb5g\ / pxfFsf] ;]jf ug{ k|
lta4 5g\ . lvi6sf] z/L/n] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ hgfpF5 oBlk o;nfO{ d}n] P]gdf}sfdf
ljZjJoflk d08nLx?sf] lglDt k|of]u ug]{5' , d}n] ;aeGbf Hofbf
o;nfO{ ljZjf;Lx?sf] :yflgo wfld{s ;efx?nfO{ hgfpg k|of]u ug]{5' lsgeg] of]
g} Tof] 7fFp xf] hxfF w]/}h;f] dflg;x?n] cfKmgf cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ kQf
nufpg], ljsf; ug{] / k|of]u ug{] ub{5g\ .

Kf/d]Zj/ pxfF cfkm} g} , jf:tjdf, Tof] JolQm x'g'x'G5 h;n] lvi6sf]

z/L/sf] /]vf‹sg ug{'eof] . To;sf/0f, xfdLn] o;nfO{ s;/L ;Ful7t kfg{] elg xfdLn]
;f]Rg' eGbf cufj}, pxfFn] o;nfO{ s;/L 9fFrfut ug{' ePsf] 5 elg ;f]Rg' cfjZos
5.

lvi6sf] z/L/ s;/L ;Ful7t 5 .

Psftkm{ k/d]Zj/n] lvi6sf] z/L/ Pp6f tfgfzfxL 9fFRffsf] j/k/ ;Ful7t x'g'kg]
{ ul/ of]hgf agfpg' ePsf] lyPg hxfF s]jn Pp6f JolQmn] zf;g ub{5', Tof] JolQm
sNof0fsf/L g} lsg gxf]; . csf]{tkm{, gtf k/d]Zj/n] o;nfO{ x/]s ;b:on] zf;g
ug{ ;Sg] Pp6f k|hftGq h:tf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ rfxgf ug{' eof] . of] kl5Nnf] a'Fbfdf,
al9 hf]8 lbg cfjZos 5, ljz]iful/ oxfF cd]l/sfdf hxfF xfd|f] gful/s ;F:s[ltn], k|
hftGqk|lt w]/} uj{ ub{5' . hxfF jfDjf/ of] s'/fnfO{ d08nLx? Leq p7fOG5 .
Pp6f wfld{s ;efjfbL [congregation list] sf] x}l;otn] o;s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g ug]
{ ljifonfO{ d 3[0ff ub{5' . t/ a[l4 x'Fb} u/]sf d08nLx?sf] nflu Pp6f s8f wfld{s
?kn] ;/sf/ ltgLx?sf] 3fF6L j/Lk/L em'GofPsf] hfFtf] h:tf] x'g ;Sb5 . of] !)) jf
@)) ;b:ox? ePsf d08nLx?sf] nflu plrt?kn] Tof] @)) sf] af/nfO{ gfUb5g\ / %))
jf !))) cyjf cem a9L k'Ub5g\ . k|fo; M ltgLx?n] cfKmgf a[l4x?sf] /f]lsPsf]
[retarded] kfpg]5g\ . ha;Dd ltgLx?sf] k|zf;lgs k|0ffNfLnfO{ ;'wfl/Gg d]/f]
cfKmg} d08nL, n]s P]eg] s]u|]g;gn, clxn] @))) sf] ljGb' kf/ u/]sf] 5 , t/ tL
aiff}{ ;Dd o;sf] a[l4 ;':t ePsf] 5' . wfld{s ;ef ;DjlGw k|zf;gdf s]xLxb;Dd o;n]
sfod ug{ vf]h]sf] b[9 k|s8 [tenacioua hols ]sf] sf/0fn] o;f] ePsf] xf] . Pp6f
ljzfn wfld{s ;ef;DjlGw d08nLdf Pp6f lg0f{o ug'{ kbf{ To;n] dnfO{ SjLg
d]/L [ the Queen mary ] kfgL hxfhnfO{ Pp6} axfgf an our ] n] kmsf{g
vf]hL/x]sf] em}+ efg x'G5 . of] sfd cgfjZos?kdf sl7g clg zlQm vk6sf/L 5 .
Pp6f tfgfzfxL cyjf Pp6f k|hftGQsf] abgfd k/dZj/n] lvi6sf] z/L/nfO{ PshLjt
uFle/ agfpg' r'Gg' ePsf] 5', o]z' z/L/ eP/ cf} k|To]s ;b:on] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9\tf
cflTds j/bfgx?sf] ;fydf sfo{ ul//x]/ .
CflTds j/bfgx? a'Emg', ta d08nLx?sf] ;Fu7gnfO{ a'Emg ;Sg] cfwf/de't
;fFRff] xf] . Soflnkmf]lgofsf] Kofgf]/df l;6Ldf cjl:yt u|]; sDo'lg6L rr{n] Pp6f
pNn]vlgo a[l4b/ axg u/]sf] 5 / xfn}sf] ;KtfxfGt pkl:yltdf [a current weekend
attendance],())) dflg;x?sf] pkl:ylt;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . of] hfgfhfgL cflTds j/bfgx?
sf] cjwf/0fsf] j/k/ 9fFRffut 5 . kf:6/ hf]g Dofs cfy{/n] eGg'x'G5 , s'g} :yfgLo
wfld{s ;ef h] x'g elg zlQm;DkGg t'Nofpg' eof], Tof] x'g] / aGg] 5}g, ha;Dd
To;n] cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ a'Emb}g . hf]g Dofs cfy{/n] l7s eGg' ePsf] 5,
pxfFn] o;n] cflTds j/bfgn] _ sfd u5{ eGg] k|df0fLt ug{' ePsf] dfq xf]Og , t/
lsg eg] pxfFn] ;';Fu7g ;DjlGw afO{anLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ klg kqmg' ePsf] 5 .
cflTds j/bfg ;DjlGw k|d'v wd{zf:qLo kf7x?n] dfly pNn]lvt
lgZsif{nfO{ hff]8 lbG5g\ . cflTds j/bfgx? ;DjlGwt ;a} tLgj6f :ki6 / jf:tljs
[explicit] kf7x?, /f]dL !@, ! sf]/GyL !@ / Plkm;L$, df tL j/bfgx?nfO{ pQm
z/L/sf] ;Gbe{df JofVof ul/Psf] x'g, of] Pp6f dfq ;Fof]u x'g ;Sb}g . “k/d]Zj/n]
cfKmgf] OR5f adf]lhd, tL ;b:ox?nfO{ x/]s cFu ldnfP/ pQm z/L/df /flvlbg'
ePsf] 5 .” ! sf]l/GyL !@ M !*_ o;sf] cy{ x'G5 ls k/d]Zj/n] ;f] z/L/nfO{ Pp6f
hLjsf] 9fFrfdf dfq} agfpg' ePsf] 5}g, t/ ls pxfF t x/]s JolQmut ;b:ox?sf]
sfo{ s] x'g' kb{5 eGg] xb;Dd lgwf{l/t ug{ k'Ug' ePsf] 5 . To;sf/0f, olb
tkfO{n] cfKmgf] d08nLnfO{ cflTds j/bfgx??sf] cfk;df jl/kl/ ;Ful7t
kfg{ rfxfg'x'G5 eg], tkfO{n] ;fdfGo lsl;dn] k/d]Zj/n] lvi6sf] z/L/sf] nflu
klxNo} tkfO{nfO{ h] cFu agfpg] rfxgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] Tof] s'/f yfxf
kfO{/x]sf] x'g'x'g]5 . x/]s JolQm;Fu cflTds j/bfgx? x'Fb}g . cljZjf;Lx?;Fu
x'g'x'Gg . t/ x/]s O;fO{ JolQm hf] o]z'k|lt k|lta4 5 / pxfFsf] z/L/sf] cFu
;fFRff]?kn] xf], p;Fu slDtdf Pp6f Pp6f j/bfg x'G5 / Psbd ;Fejt M c? klg
x'G5 . afO{ann] atfpF5 ls x/]s O:ffO{n] Pp6f j/bfg kfPsf] x'G5 –x]g'{xf]; !
kq'; $ M!) , clg h:tf] ls ;a}sf] lxtsf] nflu g} kljq cfTDffsf] sfd k|s6 x'g
x/]snfO{ lbOPsf] 5 , ! sf]l/GyL !@ M & _ k|yd sf]l/GyL !@ M !* _ kbn] of]
s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 ls x/]s ;b:ox? dWo]sfnfO{ ;f] z/L/df k/d]Zj/sf] kl/sNkgf
cg';f/ /flvPsf] x'G5 .
cf};t ljZjf;Lsf] nflu of] Pp6f ;';dfrf/sf] ?kdf cfFp5 . k/d]Zj/n]
dnfO{ lrGg'x'G5 . pxfFn] dnfO{ k|]d ug'{x'G5 / pxfFn] dnfO{ Pp6f JolQmut
j/bfg lbg ljz]if of]Uo 7fGg'x'G5 tfls d}n] pxfFnfO{ ;]jf ug{ ;sF' eGg] s'/f
:d/0f u/fO{g' v';L nfUbf] x'G5 . of] s'/f xfd|f] h:tf] cd]l/s ;dfhdf ;fFRf]f xf] .
hxfF sof}+ ljBfno lhNnfx?n] “j/bflgt jfnjflnsfx?s} nflu ljif]z sfo{sqdx?
:yfkgf ub{5g\ .” vf; o'/f]k of] xf] ls ;fwf/0f gful/sx? j/bflgt x'Fb}gg\ . lvi6
o]z'sf] z/L/df o;f] x'Fb}g . k/d]Zj/n] xfdL ;a}nfO{ j/bfg lbg' x'G5 .

sof}+ v|Lli6ogx? j/bflt [multigifted] x'G5g\. slt w]/} x'G5g, dnfO{ yfxf 5}g
t/ d z+sf ub{5' ls ;Dejt M ax'dt jf ;fob ;Dk'0f{ O;fO{x?;Fu Pp6f dfq
j/bfgsf] ;§f h] lrhx?nfO{ xfdL ldl>t j/bfgx? eGb5f}+ Tof] x'G5 .
b]xfosf cflTds j/bfgx?sf] ljleGgtfsf] xsdf x/]s JolQmut /
ax';FVos ;]jsfO{x?sf] dfdnfdf h;4f/f x/]s j/bfgx?sf] cEof; ug{ ;lsG5 .
j/bflgtkgsf txx? Df}n] lbO/x]sf u'0fx?sf] ;Fof]hg xfd|f] cflTds JolQmTjx?sf]
lgwf{/0f ug{] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ tTj x'g ;S5 . x/]s JolQm;Fu p;sf] jf pgsf]f cf
cfKmg} JolQmTj x'G5 eGg] ljrf/;Fu xfdL cEo:t 5f}+ . d]/L >LdtL, 8f]l/; /
d]/f tLg 5f]/Lx? ;a} pxL afa'cfdfaf6 hGd]/ pxL 3/ jftfj/0fdf x'sf{Opsf ePtfklg
pgLx? klg ;Fejt M p:t} x'G5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ lv|li6ogx? lv|i6sf] z/L?sf cl4lto
cFux? x'g, t/ ltgLx?sf] JolQmut kl/ro –klxrfg_ Pp6f ;fy{s tx;Dd pgLx?
nfO{ k|bt ldl>t j/bfgx?4f/f lgwf{/0f x'G5 .
d08nLsf] :jf:Yo / To;sf] :jfefljs a[l4 o; tYodf e/ kb{5g\ . gf;/yk+yL lj4fg,
8Jno' = 6L= kls{;/ , :jLsfg{‘' x'G5 ls “o]z'sf] z/L?sf] x/]s ;Rrf sfo{nfO{ k'/f
ug{] Pp6f cFu x'G5 / x/]s cFu;+u o;n] ug{'kg]{ Pp6f sfd x'G5 .” # d dx;'z
ub{5' ls s]xL lvli6ogx?nfO{ sof}+ jif{b]lv s]jn d08nLx?df cfFlzs?kdf
;lqmo /xb} cfPsf 5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ pgLx?sf]f vfFrf] 5 . pgLx?sf] vf]hL
e}O/x]sf] 5 / ltgLx?sf cfKmgf :yflgo d08nLx?df cfKmgf e'ldsfx? V]fNg
pGfLx? Jf/bflgt 5g\ eGg] yfxf x'Fbf cfZr{o nfUg ;Sb5g\ . t/ of] s'/f ;To xf] .
ha ;Dd tkfO{n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ v';L kfg{] s]xL ;fwgx? Kfm]nf kfg{‘' x'Gg
ta;Dd tkfO{sf] lglDt tkfO{sf] ldl>t j/bfgx? kQf nfpg] / tkfO{ k/d]Zj/4f/f h]
ug{ elg kl/sNkgf ul/g' ePsf] xf] ;f] ug{nfO{ ;';lHht x'g' x'G5 elg lglZrttfsf ;fy
hfg] ;fwg x'Fb}g .
dlxnfx? Klg a/fj/L?kdf j/bflgt x'G5g\ .
d cfzf ub{5' ls csf]{ k6s o; kx]nLnfO{ km]/L pNn]v ug{ gk/f];, t/
b'ef{Uojz, d pNn]v ub{5' . kfjnn] eGg' x'G5 ls kljqcfTdfn] tL j/bfgx?nfO{
“x/]s JolQmx?nfO{ ;a}sf] kmfO{bfsf] nflu” ! sf]l/GyL !@ M & _ ljr/0f ug{'
ePsf] 5 . w]/} h;f] dflg;x? “x/]s Psn”] dlxnfx? / k'?ifx? b'j}nfO{ ;d]Tb5 eGg]
egfO{df ;xdt 5g . b'efUojz, /fhf h]D;sf] ;F:s/0f [ the king James version ] n]
k|To]s dflg;nfO{ clg s]xLn] o;nfO{ ;f]emf] cy{ cYofpg] ug{'kb{5 eGb5g\
.o;f] ul/g' x'Gg . dlxnfx?, k'?ifx? em}+ vLli6sf] z/L/sf] cFux? x'g / cflTds
j/bfgx? k|fKt
ub{5g .
s]xL ;do klxn] ha d}n] gfG;L xf8]{:6L4f/f lnlvt n]v k9]+ dnfO{ ;f/} g/fd|
f] dx;'; eof] . h;df pxfFn], kof{Kt ;fx;sf;fy, of] ax; ug{' ePsf] lyof] ls
dlxnfx?;Fu klg cflTds j/bfgx? x'G5g\ . d}n] Tof] n]vsf] sf/0fn], h'g ;f/} /fd|f]
lyof], g/fd|f] dx;'; ul/g t/ o;k|sf/sf] n]v lsgeg], ;du|df n]lvg' k|Yof]{ . pQm
n]vdf xf8f]{:6L of] pNn]v u/]/ ljnfk ug{'k5{ ls cfd?kdf ;';dfrf/ k|rf/s d08nLx?
Dlxnfx?nfO{ c;dfg'kflts?kn] tNnf] bhf{ lbOPsf] 5 . / dnfO{ ljZjf; nfUb5
cem} klg of] d"Nof‹sg ;l6s 5 .
olb dlxnfx?, h;n] d08nL ;b:otfsf] %)Ü lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ xf};nf
lbOGYof] / ltgLx?sf cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbOGYof] eg],
Pp6f eofgs ultlzn a[l4 x'g] lyof] . h'g clxn] efl/dfqfdf /f]lsPsf] 5 . gfG;L
xf]8{:6Ln] Pp6f csf{] a'Fbftkm{ cf}+Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . “dlxnfx?n] cfKmgf]
cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ d08nLx?df / ;+;f/df k'0f{?kdf k|of]u lbg] s'/fsf] k'0f{t
cl:jsf/f]lQm kljq cfTdfsf] lj?4df x'g] pnFg3g sf] Pp6f ?k sf] .” $ oL ?Vvf
egfO{x? x'g, t/ ha xfdL o;nfO{ OZj/zf:qLo tf}/4f/f lrGtg ub{5f}, pxfFn] /fd|
f];Fu cf}Nofpg' ePsf] 5 .
k/d]Zj/sf] j/bfgx? / k/d]Zj/sf] Aff]nfj6
vL|li6ogx?n] k|fo{h;f] pgLx?sf] af]nfj6sf] ljifodf atfpF5g\ . xfd|f] wfld{s
zAbfjnLsf] efu of] klg x'G5 ls “k/d]Zj/n] dnfO{ o:tf] / p:tf] sfd ug{ af]nfpg'
ePsf] 5 .” jf d k/d]Zj/n] o:tf] / p:tf] sfd u/fpg jf]nfOPsf] x'F, eg]/ ljZjf; ulb{g .
“Pp6f dflg;sf] jf]nfj6 / p;sf cflTDfs j/bfgx? 3lgi7?kn] ldNbf h'Nbf 5g\”, eg]/
lrlg/fVg' w]/} ;xof]uL x'G5 .
o]z' vL|i6sf] z/L/df k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f jf sfo{nfO{ k'/f ug{] nIofl;t
;fDjlGwt x'Fbf, Pp6f JolQmsf] cfd af]nfj6 - general call_ nfO{ p;sf] jf pgsf]
cflTds j/bfg;Fu ;dfg jf j/fj/ /x]sf] ?kdf x]l/g' kb{5 . Pp6f vf; ldl>t j/bfgx?
eGbf csf{] s'g} kl/lw jf sfo{ gSzf [ frame work] x'Fb}g h;leq /x]/ xfdLn]
Pp6f JolQmsf] jf]nfj6nfO{ JofVof ug{ ;sf}+ . k/d]Zj/n] cfkm}n] gaf]nfpg
ePsf] dflg;nfO{ k|of]usf] nflu j/bfgx? lbg' x'Gg gtf pxfFn] s'g}
JolQmnfO{ cfjZos j/bfg jf j/bfgx? glbO{sg} To;n] ;';lHht gkfl/sg} s'g}
sfdnfO{ k'/f ug{ af]nfpg' x'G5 .
;fwf/0f af]nfj6 afx]s, h] ePtfklg, Ps JolQm;Fu Pp6f vf; ljif]z af]nfj6 x'G5 .
s]xLn] o; ljif]z af]nfj6nfO{ Pp6f JolQmsf] ;]jsfO{sf] ?kdf hgfpg' rfx ub{5g\ .
To;sf/0f pQm ;]jsfO{ jf ljif]z af]nfj6n] Tof] vf; tf}/ jf vf; 9fFrfsf] lgwf{/0f
ub{5 h;df k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{nfO{ pxfFn] lbg'ePsf] j/bfg jf j/bfgx?sf] tkfO{n]
cEof; u/]sf] rfxfg'x'G5 . pbf/0fsf] nflu, Pp6f JolQm;Fu lzIf0fsnfsf] v'jL j/bfg
x'g ;S5 / p;nfO{ ;f] j/bfg afn aflnsfx?sf] dfemdf k|of]u ug{ ljif]z?kn] af]nfj6
x'g ;S5, c?n] lzIf0fsnfsf] pQm j/bfgnfO{ /]l8of]df jf k':ts n]vgdf k|of]u
ug{ ;Sb5g\ . Pp6f JolQml;t k/d]Zj/sf] ljif]z sfo{ ug{] j/bfg –missionary gifts_
x'g ;Sb5 / To; j/bfgnfO{ hflDjof b]zdf k|of]u ug{sf] nflu af]nfj6 x'g ;Sb5 . c?
x?nfO{ kf/fUj] jf >Ln+sfdf af]nfj6 x'g ;Sb5 . k|To]s j/bfg4f/f pknAw cfd
af]nfj6x? dWo]df, ta sof}+ ljz]if tl/sfx? 5g\ h;4f/f o:tf j/bfgx?nfO{ kl/rfng
ug{ ;lsG5 .
cflTds j/bfg eg]sf] s] xf] <
o; a'Fbfdf xfdL /f]lsg' kb{5 / l7s cflTds j/bfgsf] cy{ s] x'G5 elg kl/efiff
lbg'k5{ . d}n] k|of]u ul//xg] sfo{l;l4 kl/efiff b]xfo adf]lhd 5 .
Pp6f cflTds j/bfg eg]sf] vLi6 o]z'sf] z/L/sf k|To]s ;b:o cFux?nfO{ kljq
cfTdf4f/f lbOPsf] cfe'if0f xf] . k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|x cg';f/, pQm z/L/sf] ;Gbe{ leq
k|of]usf] nflu cfe'if0f xf] .
of] d}n] agfpg ;s]sf] vFl8nf] / kmf/f]ltgf] ul/Psf] –economical_ kl/efiff
xf] / o;n] cem} klg d}n] ;Dem]sf tL cfjZos tTjx?nfO{ u|x0f ul//x]s} 5' . oL
dWo]sf sof} tTjx?, gfdut?kn] “ljif]]z cfe'if0fx?” “kljq cfTdf4f/f k|bQ” “clg
vLi6sf] z/L/sf k|To]s ;b:o cFux?nfO{ lzif{sx? kof{Kt dfqfdf rrf{ ul/Psf 5g\ .”
b'O{ ;Sb ;d"xx? To;} /xG5 .
 O{Zj/Lo zlQm jf k|ltef
Kf/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|x cg';f/ Pp6f o:tf] zAb ;d'x xf] h;n] xfdLnfO{ afO{anLo
zAbx? :jo+leq 8'nfpF5 . cflTds j/bfgsf] nflu ;femf u|Ls zAb –-charisma _
O{Zj/Lo j/bfg xf], To;sf] ax'jrg –charimata_ j/bfg xf] . tTsfn} of] s'/f kSsf
x'G5 ls –charismatic movement _ b}jL j/bfgjfbL cfGbf]ng jf b}jL j/bfg
zf:qx? –charasmatics _ u|Ls zAbaf6 Jo'Tkltt x'g
-derived _ t/ s]xL c? lrh g} lng'xf]; . -charisma d"n zAb -charis _af6 cfpF5,
h;sf] cy{ u|Lsdf cg'u|x x'G5 . ta cflTds j/bfgx? / k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|xsf] aLrdf
Pp6f lgs6td ;DjGw cl:tTjdf x'G5 .
oBlk oxfF afO{anLo jrg –zAb_ sf] uxg cWoogsf] nflu cfJÅfg gul/g
;lsG5, u|Ls zAbx?;Fu ;DjlGwt Ps b'O{ s'/fx? hfgsf/Ldf lng' ;xof]uL x'g ;Sb5 .
klxnf] s'/f b}jL j/bfg -charismata _ cflTds j/bfgx?sf] nflu a[xt kof{jfrL
zAb xf]Og . afOandf o;nfO{ cGo cy{x?l;t k|of]u ul/Psf] 5, /f]dL ^ M @# df
lsg ls kfksf] Hofnf d[To' xf], t/ k/d]Zj/sf] l;Q}sf] j/bfg -gift ,charismata_
vLi6 o]z' xfd|f k|e'df cgGt hLjg xf] .
bf];|f] s'/f, rdTsf/x? -charismata _ cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf] lglDt k|of]u ul/Psf]
gofF s/f/df Pp6} dfq zAb xf]Og, oBlk of] ;aeGbf a9L k|rlnt rfFxL xf] .
pbf/0fsf] nflu ! sf]l/GyL !@ M ! df “efOx? xf],cflTds j/bfgx?sf] ljifodf” sf]
nflu u|Ls zAb -pneumatikos_, Hofbf ;f]emf] cy{df “cflTds lrhx?” jf
“cflTdsx?” k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ o;} cWofosf] afFsL v08x?df lj:t[t
rrf{ ul/Psf] x'gfn], To;f] ePtf klg, b}jL j/bfgx? cg'u|x –charismata_ nfO{ k6s
k6s ul/ kfFr k6s k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . cflTds j/bfgx?sf] nflu k|o'Qm csf{] zAb xf]
-domata_ Ps jrg,
-doma_ Plkm;L $ M* df, h'g j/bfgx?sf] nflu a9L ;fdfGo u|Ls zAb xf] . t/
oxfF o; ;Gbe{df of] To;cl3sf] kbdf cg'u|xl;t klg lgs6td?kdf ;DjlGwt 5, “t/ v|
Li6sf] j/bfgsf] gfk cg';f/ xfdL x/]snfO{ cg'u|x -grace , -charis_ lbOPsf] 5 .”
Plkm;L $ M& of] jfSov08 /f]dL !@ M # sf] --measure of faith _ ljZjf;sf]
gfknfO{ ;Femfpg] vfnsf] -remimiseent _ 5, h'g /f]dL !@ M ^ sf] cg'u|x
-charismata_ ;Fu klg cg'jlGwt 5 .
u|Lssf] nflu olg g} o; ljifodf o;/L 5gkmn rrf{ ul/g'sf] d"n Wo]o cflTds
j/bfgx?sf] k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|xl;t ePsf] 3lgi7 ;DjGwnfO{ b]vfpg' xf] . of] g}
xfdLn] sfo{ kl/efiffdf “k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|x4f/” ;dfj]z ug{'sf] sf/0f xf] .
j/bfgx? wfld{s ;ef ;DjlGw x'G5g\, -Gift are
congregational
 ;f] kl/efiffdf lbOPsf] clGtd jfSov08 xf] “pQm z/L/sf] ;Gbe{leq k|of]usf]
nflu” pQ z/L/af6 cnlUuPsf JolQmut vLli6ogx? –O{;fO{x?_ w]/}
dxTjk"0f{ x'Fb}gg\ . cflTDfs j/bfgx? PSnf jg/Ifsx? -lone rangers_ sf] lglDt
kl/sNkgf ul/Psf x'Fb}gg\ . ltgLx? pQm z/L/sf cFux?sf] lglDt agfOPsf
x'G5g\ . blIf0f klZrdL alKti7 ;]ldgf/L -south western baptist seminary _ sf k|
fWofks Hofs dsuf]/Dofgn] -Jack Mc Gorman _ o;nfO{ /fd|/L k|:t't ug{' x'G5
ha pxfFn] o;f] eGg' x'G5, “tL j/bfgx? sfof{Tds dfq x'b}gg\ , t/ ltgLx? t
wfld{s ;ef ;DjlGw klg x'G5g\ t xf] .” % cfhsf] ;+;f/df k/d]Zj/n] ug{'x'g] w]/}
h;f] sfdx? LjZjf;Lx?4f/f ul/Psf 5g\ hf] h;n] ;d'bfodf, ltgsf cf cfKmgf :yfgLo
d08nLx?df cfKmgf] j/bfgx? ;lxt Ps csf{sff] k'/s x'Fb}, sfd ul/P/x]sf 5g\ .
z/L/sf] ;Gb{e kbfjnLnfO{ h;} d k|of]u ub{5', To;n] j/bfgx? ;w}+
leeqtkm{ x]g]{, d08nLleq dfq k|of]u ul/g] / O;fO{x?sf] cfk;L kmfO{bfsf]
nflu dfq pkof]uL x'G5g\ eGg] cy{ nfUb}g . sof}+ j/bfgx? h:t} k|rf/s, ldzg/L
cf}+ ;]j cf/fwgf h:tf lrhx? Jo:tf JolQmx? Hff] cem} vLi6sf] z/L/sf cFu ag]sf
5}gg\ ltgsf nflu kmfO{bfsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf x'G5g\ h'g j]nf / hxfF klg
d08nL ;Frfng ug{'kbf{ lelq / aflx/L b'a} ?kn], ;f] ;]jsfO{nfO{ j/bflgt
ljZjf;Lx?4f/f ;jf]{Qd tf}/n] k'/f ul/G5 .

tkfO{sf] j/bfgnfO{ lrGg'xf];, ljsl;t ug{'xf]; / k|of]u

ug{'xf]; .

olb sfo{/t cflTDfs j/bfgx? d08nLx? / JolQmut O{;fO{x?nfO{, d}n]

JofVof ug{ sf]lzif u/]em}+ k/d]Zj/ hlQs} dxTjk'0f{ 5g\ eg], pgLx?sf] af/]df
Pp6f Jojxfl/s, JolQmut tf}/n] s]xL lrh ul/g' /fd|f] x'G5 . k/d]Zj/sf] jrgsf] k|i6
lzIffsf] k|sfzdf, d}n] cfkm'nfO{ of] s'/f atfpFbf ulNt 5 h:tf] nfUb}g ls s'g}
klg v|Lli6ogsf] lglDt k|fylds cflTds cEof;x? dWo]df Pp6f xf] . p;sf] jf pgsf]
cflTds j/bfgnfO{ kQf nufpg', ljsl;t ug{' / k|of]u ug{' . c? cflTds cEof;x? klg
plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;Sb5g\ . cf/fwfgf, k|fyfgf k/d]Zj/sf] jrg k9\g} ef]sfx?
nfO{ v'jfpg], h] tkfO{l;t 5 . t/ dnfO{ cflTds j/bfgx? kQf nufpg', ljsf; ug{' / k|
of]u ug{' eGbf dxTjk'0f{ cGo s'g} lrhx?sf] jf/]df yfxf 5]}g .

k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f k'/f ug{ rfxg], t/ h;n] v|Li6sf] z/L/df pgLx?nfO{ vf;}
s;/L sfd ug{ rflxPsf] 5 eGg] ga'Emg] ljZjf;Lx?n] j/bfgx?sf] klxrfg ug{]
sfdnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg' h?/L 5 . rr{ ca b ;]leo/, jflz‹\6g 8L= ;L= cflTds
j/bfgx?sf] k|of]usf] nflu /fli6\o ?kdf VoftL k|fKt d08nLsf, Plnhfj]y cf}
sf]g/n] o;nfO{ o;/L cl3 /flV5g\ “xfdL k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fx? hfGg ;ls dfUb5f}+,
xfd|f cfKmg} z/L/df pxfFsf OR5fx? n]lvPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/fx?sf] cg'dfg klg
gul/sg, ha xfdLn] cfKmgf j/bfgx? kQf nufpF5f} ta o:tf] x'G5 elg xfdL
a'Emb5f} .”^
To;qmddf kQf nufpg' ljsf; ug{' eGbf klxn] cfpF5 lsg eg] cflTds j/bfgx? k|
fKt ul/G5g\ . pknAwLx? Xfl;n ul/b}gg\ . k/d]Zj/n] tL j/bfgx?nfO{ pxfFsf]
cfKmg} ljj]ssf] hfFr k8\tfn4f/f lbg'x'G5 . ! sf]l/GyL !@ M !! n] kljq
cfTDffn] “k|To]snfO{ pxfFsf] OR5f cg';f/” j/bfgx? ljt/0f ug{'x'g] s'/f rrf{ kl5
!* kbdf pQm kf7n] k/d]Zj/n] tL ;b:ox? cFux?nfO{ pQm v|Li6sf] z/L/df
“cfKmgf] OR5f adf]lhd” ldnfP/ /fVg' ePsf] 5 eg]/ atfpF5 . k/d]Zj/n] s'g} klg
dfgjnfO{ cflTDfs j/bfgx? lbg v6fpg' ePsf] 5}g . cflTDfs j/bfgx? ljt/0f
ug{nfO{ s'g} klg kfi6/ -cu'jf_ s'g} klg lhNnf gLl/Ifs, s'g} wfld{s ljBfnosf]
cWoIf / kf]k :joF klg cfkm}d} of]Uo 5}gg\ .

To;eGbf c? s;}n] klg jf:tljs s8f sfd ub}{g / ta klg Pp6f j/bfg4f/f k'/:s[t
ePsf] x'G5 . tL cg'u|xsf j/bfgx? x'g / h:t}, ltgLx? k/d]Zj/4f/f To;sf] k|fKtstf{n]
k|fKt u/]sf] x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf jf z'4tfsf] s'g} vf; txsf] ;Gbe{ ljgf g} b]vf kb{5g\
. pgLx?n] cfkm'nfO{ cflTDfs ?kdf kl/kSs agfpg] ;do kfpg' cufj} pgLx?
nfO{ lbOPsf] vfF6L O{;fO{ -brand new christian_ h:tf] tYox?n] o;sf] k'li6
ub{5 .

s] j/bfgx? kQf nufpg] sfd k|To'Tkfbs 5 <

u]g] u]h, cd]l/sfsf] d"w{Go afO{an lzIfsx? / d08nLsf g]tfx? dWo]sf Ps
hgf JolQm O{;fO{x?sf] lglDt pgLx?sf] cflTds j/bfgx? kQf nufpg'
dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] ljrf/;Fu c;xdt
5g\ . ljdtL hgfpg' x'G5 . sof}+ aif{ ;Dd, pxfF cfkm}n] O{;fO{x?n] j/bfgx?
kQf nufpg k|of; ug{' kb{5 eg]/ l;sfpg' eof] t/ cln cr]n pxfFn] cfKmgf] l:ylt
abNg' ePsf] 5 .
u]hsf] ts{, ;f]rfO{ -point of view _ n] ljrf/0fLo cWoogsf] dfu ub{5 . Pp6f
lrhsf] nflu, pxfF Ps uFle/ afOansf] ljBfyL{ x'g'x'G5, / o:tf lgZsif{x? lgsfNbf
a]nf pxfF xtfl/g' ePsf] 5}g xf]nf . csf{] s'/f, o; k':ts k|lt k|ToIf?kn] ;fGble{s
-apropos relavant, pertinent, _s] 5 eg], pgn] !(&@ df :yfkgf u/]sf], km]nf]l;k
afOan rr{n] pNn]vgLo ?kdf a[l4 eof] . pgsf] pgsf] d08nLsf] ;]jsfO{sf] lglDt
bz{gzf:qsf] pRrf/0f ;Frf/ ug{] qmddf, u]hn] “z/L/sf] kl/kSstf” body maturity
_ sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ hf]8 lbG5g\ . pgn] cflTDfs j/bfgx?nfO{ hf]8 lbg'sf] ;§f
ljZjf;, cfzf / k|]dsf ;fy;fy} ! ltdf]yL # / ltt; ! df pNn]lvt g]t[Tjsf u'0fx?
nfO{ hf]8
lbG5g\ .
Ps csf{nfO{ lgdf0f{ ubf{ gfds cfKmgf] k':tsdf, u]hn] wfld{s j/bfgx? kQf
nufpg' kg{] ljrf/x?nfO{ pgn] c:jLsf/ ug{sf sf/0fx? ;'rLa4 u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn]
h'g :yfg lng] lg0f{o u/]tf klg, oL sf/0fx?n] xfdLn] TofUg' kg{] s]xL vt/fx?
nfO{ ;'rLa4 ug{ db{t ub{5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ oxfF pNn]v ug{' /fd|f] x'g]5 tfls
5nkmnsf] qmddf hfFbf j]nf xfdL ltgnfO{ ;Flem/xg ;S5f}+ . ca
dnfO{ ltgsf] ;Fif]kLs/0f ug{ lbg'xf]; .

!= e|d M wd{ kl/jt{gsf] a]nf v|Lli6ogx?nfO{ cfKmgf cflTds j/bfgx? kQf

nufpg lbOPsf] lzIf0fn], jf:tjdf sof}+ dflg;x?nfO{, kl/kSs ljZjf;Lx? ;d]t, e|ldt
kf/]sf] 5 .
@= cf}lrTos/0f M-Rationalization_ s]xLn] cfKmgf Wofg Pp6f sfNklgs
j/bfg –supposed gifts _ df s]lG4t ug{ / o;nfO{ c? afOanLo cleef/fx? k'/f
gug{nfO{ plrt 7x¥ofpg] Woon] k|of]u ug{ rfxfG5g\ . pbf/0fsf] nflu, s]xL
JolQmx?n] eGg ;Sb5g\ ls pgLx?;Fu cu'jfO{ ug{] j/bfg 5, t/ lzIf0fsnfsf] j/bfg
r} xf]Og . jf c?x?n] eGg ;Sb5g\ ls pgLx?;Fu ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{] j/bfg 5}g lsgeg]
pgLx? v|Li6nfO{ afF8\g c;lhnf] dx;'; ub{5g\ .

#= cfTdf wf]vf - :j wf]sf_ -self deception _ s]xL JolQmn] cfkm';Fu cflTDfs

j/bfg ePsf] clego u5{g\ . ha ls ;fFrf] cy{df Tof] pgLx?l;t x'Fb}g .
u]h o; lzIffdf alnof] x'g'x'G5 lsg eg] h:tf] pxfF eGg'x'G5, “of] cgfof; Ps
lbgddf km'¥of]” ls !sf]l/GyL !@, /f]dL !@ jf Plkm;L $ df st}klg JolQmut v|
Li6ogx?sf] lglDt ltgLx?sf cfKmgf cflTds j/bfg jf j/bfgx?nfO{ “vf]hL ug{ jf
km]nf kfg{] sf]lzif ug{ cfJÅfg -Exhortation _ ul/Psf] kfpFb}gf}+ .”*
d}n] u]hsf] l:yltsf] af/]df ;fx|} yf]/} lrGtg u/]sf] 5' . o; af/]df k|Zgx? Kf|
foh;f] uf]li7x?df p7|5g\ . d pxfF;Fu cGt/lj/f]w a9fpg cgsgfp+5' lsgeg], ;du|df,
pxfF Pp6f ;kmn d08nL lg?k0fstf{ x'g'x'G5 / cfKmgf] ;]jsfO{ cGt/ut Pp6f
;hLj d08nL a[l4 b]Vg'ePsf] 5 . tyflk, d eGb5' ls u]hn] /f]dL !@ M!- ^
nfO{ kof{Kt Wofg lbg'ePsf] 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d lj:t[t?kdf hfg cfjZos
5}G., lsgeg] of] s'/f klxNo} rrf{ ul/Psf] 5, Ps kN6 “j/bfgx? x'g',” x]g'xf]; -kb
^_ / “cfKmg} af/]df u+le/tfsf;fy ;f]Rg' x]g'{xf]; -kb #_” “k/d]Zj/sf] c;n /
:jLsfo{ cf} l;4 OR5f”
-kb @_ kfngf ug]{ aLrdf dnfO{ h] k|i6 afOanLo ;DjGw ePsf] nfUb5,
To;nfO{ cf}+Nofpg' afx]s .
sof}+ kl/kSs jkmfbf/ / pkof]uL v|Lli6og dflg;x? klg ToxfF 5g\ hf] cfKmgf
ljz]if j/bfgx?nfO{ k|i6 zAbdf JofVof ug{ ;kmn gx'Fbf gx'+b} klg k/d]Zj/sf]
OR5f kfngf ul//x]sf 5g\ . eg]/ dfGotf lbg] ca d g} klxnf] JolQm x'g] 5' . lgZro
g} sof}+ ljZjf;Lx?n] ;bLof}+ ;+;f/e/ clg ljz]if ul/ oxfF cd]l/sfdf, kl/rov08df
d}n], j0f{g u/]sf] “gofF lrh”eGbf klxn] k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fnfO{ Pp6f pNn]vlgo
z}nLdf k'/f u/]sf 5g\ . sof}+]n] jf:tjdf pgLx?sf cfKmgf cflTds j/bfgx?
nfO{ cfkm'n] s] ul//x]sf] 5' eGg g;Sbf g;Sb} klg k|of]u ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
tyflk d OdfGbf/;fy ljZjf;L ub{5' ls o:tf ljZjf;Lx?n] k/d]Zj/sf] of]hgf v cGt{ut
sfo{ ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5 /f]dL !@ M! -^ k/d]Zj/sf] of]hgf s v|Li6sf]
z/L?sf cFux?nfO{ k|Tpo]sn] “Ps cfk;df hf]l8Psf] / a'lgPsf] l;+uf] z/L/”
-Plkm;L $ M!^_ df v]Ng] e"ldsf ;DjlGw ;hu kfg{nfO{
xf] . t/ dnfO{ nfU5 “of]hgf s” k/d]Zj/sf] ;jf{]Qd of]hgf xf] .
sof}+ d08nLx? Hf;sf] ;]jsfO{ ;DjlGw bz{g of]hgf v xf] . / ltgLx? a[l4
e}/x]sf] tYon], d08nL a[l4sf g]tfu0fx?n] k|fo eGg] egfO{nfO{ k'gk'li6 ub{5 .
Tof] egfO{ xf] . d08nLsf] a[l4 hl6n} 5 . Pp6f d08nLnfO{ d08nL a[l4sf] Psn
l;bfGt dfGbf sd pknAwL x'g] ;+efjgf x'G5 / klg ltgLx? a[l4 e}/x]sf x'G5g\ .
olb c? a[l4sf l;bfGtx/n] /fd|/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] . cflTds j/bfgx? ;DjGwL vf;
Pp6f b[li6sf]0f d08nL a[l4sf] nflu ;'lglZrttfsf] ;'q xf]Og . t/ sof+} dfdnfx?
df ;a}df xf]Og cflTds j/bfgx?k|ltsff] hfu?stf, ;f] ;b:otfnfO{ afO{anLo ?kdf
klxrfg / kl/eflift ul/Psf tL j/bfgx?sf] jl/kl/ kl/rflnt ub}{, clg ;f] z/L/nfO{ o;sf
cFux? ;lxt kljq cfTDffsf]] zlQm4f/f ;+u} sfd z'? ug{ k|f]T;fxg ugf{n] Pp6f
vf]kn] ljkm/af6 arfpg ;s]em}+ lglZrt?kn] Pp6f d08nLnfO{ a[l4 ultlxgtfaf6
aflx/ lg:sg db{t ug{]5 .
Jofjxfl/s kQf nufO{ klxrfg / cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf] k|of]u ;DjGwL u]g] u]hn]
p7fpg' ePsf lj/f]wsf cfjfhx? ;fFRff] x'g . e|d, cf}lrTos/0f rationalization _ /
:jF- wf]sf self deception_ n] uFle/ ;d:ofx? PAhfpg / k}bf ug{ ;Sb5g\ . t/ tL
ch]o k|j[ltsf afwfx?
Xf]Ogg\ . e|dnfO{ pGd'ng Tof] j]nfdf pGd'ng ug{ ;lsG5 ha j/bfgx?sf]
af/]df ;an afOanLo lzIff ;Fj]bglzn cu'jf ;DjlGw x]/rfxsf] ;Gb{edf pknAw
u/fO{G5 . cf}lrToLs/0f
-rationalization_ Pp6f k|xf/sf] ?kdf sd pkof]uL x'G5 h'g j]nf j/bfgx? / e'ldsfx?
ALrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ :ki6 kfl/G5 . h;nfO{ d}n] kl5 pNn]vlgo ljj/0f ;lxt
rrf{ ug{] 5' . :jF wf]sf jfliks/0f eP/ hfG5 ha ;f] z/L/n] /fd|f];Fu sfo{ ub{5
tfls ;b:o cFux?n] Ps csf{sf j/bfgx? ;DjGwL cf cfKmgf a'emfO{nfO{ v'nfpg /
k|]dsf;fy afF8r'F8 ub{5g\ .
v
plrt
cop out is a phrase: Die 1. cash in, cheek out, conk -k|xf/_ .

jLDj/nfO{ jfUg/l;t ldnfpFbf

u]g] u]h h:t}, d]/f] w]/} nfdf] ;do b]lvsf ldq hf]g jLDj/n] klg cflTDfs
j/bfg ;DjlGw cfKmgf ljrf/x?nfO{ pgL cfkm' clxn]sf] s] hlt efOgof8{ v|
Lli6og km]nf]l;k ca Pgf x]Od, Soflnkmf]lgofsf] ;F:yfks kf:6/ x'g] a]nfdf
kl/jt{g ug'{ eof] .
ha jLDj/n] cfKmgf] wfld{s ;ef -congregation_df la/fdLx?
nfO{ rFufO{ lbg] / z}tfgx?nfO{ 8f\6\g] sfo{ l;sfpg z'? ug{' eof], v|Lli6sf]
z/L/sf s]jn s'g} vf; ;b:ox?nfO{ dfq rFufO{ jf 5'6\sf/fsf] cflTds j/bfgx? lbOPsf
lyP elg l;sfpFbf k|To'Tkfbs xf]nf eGg] 7fGg' eof] . pxfFn] dFrdf pleP/ dxfk|
ltefzfnL gfosx? -Superstar _ n] ljZjf;4f/f rFufO{lbg] cjwf/0ffaf6 aRg / To;sf]
ab\nfdf l;Fuf] z/L/nfO{ rFufO{sf] ;]jsfO{df ;FnUg agfpg rfxfg' x'GYof] .
o;f] ug{sf] nflu, hf]gn] wd{zf:qx?nfO{ k'gcjnf]sg ug{' eof] / Toltj]nf;Dd
zf:qLo krf; lbj;Lo b[li6sf]0fsf] -classical pentecostal view _ ?kdf dfGotf k|
fTt ljrf/ ckgfpg' eof] h;n] o;f] eGb5, kljq cfTdfn] ;Dk"0f{ cflTds j/bfgx?sf]
dfWofdaf6 x/]s ljZjf;Lsf] hLjgdf kl/rflnt x'g rfxfg' x'G5 .
pxfFnfO{ k/d]Zj/sf ;efx?-Assamblies of God_ ;DjlGw lj4fg, /:;]n :kL6n/4f/f
cf}lw ;xof]fu ldn]sf]] lyfo]f, h;n] u|Ls zAb -charismata _ rdTsf/x? nfO{
“cflTds j/bfgx?sf]” ?kdf cg'jfb ul/g'sf] ;§f l;wf;fwf cy{df cg'u|xsf] ?kdf cg'jfb
ul/g' k5{ elg ;Nnfx lbg' x'G5 . o; wf/0ffdf, cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ “ljz]if
cfe"if0f{x?” -special attributes_ sf] ?kdf lnOg' x'Gg, h:tf] ls d]/f]
sfo{ kl/efiffdf klg of] 5, t/ Pp6f zlQm ;DkGgtf k|bfossf] ?kdf, h'g vfFrf]
k/]sf] a]nfdf x/]s ljZjf;Lx? k|fKt ug{] cfzf ub{5g\ .
o; b[li6df, ta jLDj/n] pgsf] l;+uf] wfld{s ;ef -whole congregation _
nfO{ h'g a]nf o;f] ug{' k/d]Zj/sf] jf]nfj6 xf] eGg] nfUbYof] TolQa]nf
la/fdLx?sf] 6fpsf]df xft /fVg clg kljq cfTdfn] pgLx?nfO{ To; 3l8df
rFufO{sf] j/bfg jf cg'u|x? lbg'eO{ Tof] la/fdL k/d]Zj/sf] zlQm4f/f lgsf]
kfl/Psf] b]Vg ;Sg] agfpg' x'g]5 elg ljZjf; ug{ cfJÅfg ub{y] . u]g] u]hn] h:t},
jLDj/n] cfKmgf] ;]jsfO{ cGtu{t pNn]vlgo d08nL a[[l4 b]v] .
ha ;do laTb} uof], hf]g jLDj/n] Pp6f csf]{ cfljZsf/ u/] . of] s'/f k|i7 eof] ls,
oBlk x/]s ljZjf;L Tof] rFufO{sf] j/bfg jf cg'u|xx? k|fKt ug{sf] nflu of]Uo
lyof], sltn] o;nfO{ c? af/Djf/ / c?x?n] eGbf 7'nf] kl/df0fsf] b}jL zlQ, k|fKt
ul//x]sf] yfxf eof] . hf]gn] o; cj;/x?nfO{ o;f] eg]/ JofVof ug{' eof] ls oL
dflg;x? b]lvg] lyP hf] k/d]Zj/4f/f Pp6f rFufO{sf] ;]jsfO{ lbg 5flgPsf lyP .
of] s'/f yfxf kfO;s]kl5, jLDj/sf] ljrf/nfO{ d]/f] ;Fu ldnfpg s'g} sl7g x'Fb}g .
xfdL Pp6} 7fpFdf cfOk'U5f}+ . xfdL b'j}n] l;sfpFb5f}+ ls ;a} ljZjf;Ln]
lj/fdLx?sf] nflu k|fyfgf ug{' kb{5 / rFufO{sf] cfzf /fVg' k5{ . xfdL b'j}n]
l;sfpFb5f}+ ls vf; s]xL ljZjf;Lx?n] of] sfd c?x?n] eGbf Hofbf :yL/?kn] / c?
s'/fdf kl/0ffd NofpFb} ub{5g\ . t/ xfdLn] cfkm'x?n] h] b]v]sf 5f}+ ;f]sf]
j0f{g ug{ km/s kbfjnLx? k|of]u ub{5f}+ .
h] s'/fnfO{ jLDj/n] j/bfgx/ jf “cg'u|xx?” eGg'x'G5 jfUg/n] To;nfO{
“e'ldsfx?” EfGb5g\ .
jLDj/n] h] s'/fnfO{ ;]jsfO{x? eGb5g\ , jfUg/n] To;nfO{ “cflTds j/bfgx?”
eGb5g\ .
 d dx;'z ub{5' d}n] cem} ;Dd e"lds?nfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf] 5}g, t/ Tof] o;
k':tsdf kl5 cfpFb}5 . yfxf lbOPsf], oL b'O{ cnu cnu ljrf/x?af6 cy{ lj1fg
-semanties_ dfq eGbf b]vf kb{5g\ . t/ d]/f] ljrf/df ltgLx? bf];|f] bhf{sf 5g\ . /
To; a'Fbfdf c? d]xgt ug{ rfxGg . xfd|f ;xdltx? AffFsL c;xdltx? EGbf w]/}
7'nf 5g\ .

s]xL ;d:ofx?sf] JofVof

cflTds j/bfgx? kQf nufpg] ljifonfO{ aGb ug{' eGbf klxn], xfdLn] s]xL
dflg;x?nfO{ ;d:of lbPsf b'O{6f kf7x?sf] ;d'x>]0fLx?nfO{ ;FlIfKt?kn] x]g{'
h?/L 5 .
klxnf] kf7 xf] Pp6f k/:k/df ;FjlwGt kbx? ! sf]l/GyL !@ M#! / ! sf]l/GyL !$
M! sf] hf]8L . tL b'j}n] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] rfxgf jf OR5f ug{' kg]{ atfpFb5g\ .
klxnf] x]/fO{df, ltgLx? cflTds j/bfgx? lbg] sfd xfd|f] xf]Og, k/d]Zj/sf] xf]
eGg] ljrf/l;t afem]sf] em+} nfUb5g\ . t/ of] s'/f yfxf kfpg' dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls oL
b'j} kbx?dWo] Pp6} klg JolQmut v|Lli6ogx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ xf]Og . tL
b'j}n] ;du|df sf]l/GyLsf d08nLx?nfO{ hgfpFb5g\ . Pp6f o:tf] d08nL h'g cGo
efiffx?sf] j/bfgnfO{ c? ;a} j/bfgx?eGbf dfly /fVg] uNtLdf kmF;]sf] lyof] . oL
kbx?nfO{ xfd|f] nflu JolQmsf] ?kdf d"No / dfGotfsf] ?kdf lnOg' h?/L 5}g
t/ ;fd'lxs :yfgLo wfld{s ;ef-collective local congregation _ sf] nflu eg] of]
h?/L 5 .
bf];|f] kf7 rfFxL esf]{ k/:k/df ;DjlGwt kbx?sf] h]f8L xf], ! ltdf]yL $ M!$ /
@ ltdf]yL! M^ . oL kbx?df kfjnn] ltdf]yLnfO{ xft /fvO{af6 Pp6f j/bfg k|fKt
u/]sf lyP eGg] pNn]v ub{5g\ . gfdut?kn] kfjnsf xftx? / cu'jfx? Jf PN8/x?sf]
xftx? ltgsf zL/dfly /flvPsf lyP . ;f] ljifodf c? w]/} wd{zf:qsf k':tsx?sf] k|
sfzdf, o; af/]df d]/f] a'emfO{ of] 5 ls ha pQm z/L/4f/ k/d]Zj/ k|bt
j/bfgnfO{ dfGotf lbOG5 ta Pp6f cu'jfsf] sfd xf], zL/ dfly xft /fVg] / o; sfo{n]
;]jsfO{nfO{ ;f] j/bfgdfkm{t Pp6f sfo{noLo k4ltdf clwsf/Lstf k|bfg u5{' .
j/bfgx?nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{] a]nfdf c? ljZjf;Lx?sf] h:t} PN8/x?sf], h] h:tf] sfd
ug{ ;Sg] x'g ;Sg] ePtfklg, of] s'/f :d/0f ul/g} kb{5 ls kljq cfTdfn] j/bfgx?nfO{
“pxfFsf] OR5f cg';f/” -! sf]l/GyL !@ M !! _ ljt/0f ug{' x'G5 .

cflTds j/bfgx?sf kmfO{bfx?

TfkfO{n] cfKmgf] cflTDfs j/bfg jf j/bfgx?nfO{ lrGg, ljsl;t ug{ / k|of]u
ug{ lg0f{o ug{' eof] eg] s] x'G5 <
sof}+ lrhx?
;j{k|yd M tkfO{ Pp6f c;neGbf c;n v|Lli6og x'g'x'g]5 / k/d]Zj/nfO{ tkfO{sf]
hLjg pxfFsf] nflu u|x0f of]Uo agfpg lbg cem /fd|/L ;Sg'x'g]5 . tL dflg;x? h;n]
ltgLx?sf j/bfgx?sf] af/]df hfGb5g\ ltgLx?;Fu cfKmgf “cflTDfs k];f ljj/0f”
dfly Ps clwkTo ub{5g\, egf}+ eg] . ltgLx?n] pgLx?sf] nflu d08nLdf c?
;lhn}l;t 7fpF kfpF5g\ . d}n] k|fo{h;f] eGg] u/]sf] 5', cfwf t xfpefpd}, ls Pp6f
d08nLdf dflg;x?n] ltgLx?sf cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df yfxf kfpg'sf] Pp6f
tTsflng kmfO{bf of] xf] ls gfdn] n]Vg] ;ldltnfO{ lj36g -phased out _ ug{
;lsG5 / Pp6f d"NofFsg ;ldlt sfdsf] nflu lgj]bgx? A'fEmg] x]t'n] lgdf{0f ug{
;lsG5 . t/ o;} e}O/x]sf] 5 . s]xL dlxgfx? Kflxn] d}n] km:6 sf]e]gfGt
rr{ kf]6{Nof08, cf]/]ugsf kf:6/ kfjn Pl/s;gsf] tkm{af6 Pp6f lr¶L kfPF hf]
km'n/ 8fS6/ ca ldlg:§L sfo{qmddf d08nL a[l4 cWofog ul//x]sf lyP . pgsf]
kqn] eGbYof], xfd|f dflg;x? pgLx?sf cflTDfs j/bfgx? km]nf kfg{] / k|of]u
ug{] pQ]hs vf]hdf nflu k/]sf 5g\ . xfd|f hgx?dWo]sf ^ hgfn] csf]{ ay{ af]8{df
;]jf ug{sf] nflu gfd btf{ ;ldltdf ;Dks{ u/]sf 5g\ .
d]/f] d08nL, n]s Pe]g' sË]u]zgn rr{df, cem}klg Pp6f dgf]gog ;ldlt 5 . t/ ha
pgLx?n] cfKmgf jflif{s gfdfjnLx? Wffld{s ;efnfO{ a'emfpF5g\, k|To]s
dgf]lgtsf] Pp6f ;FlIfKt kl/rkq x'G5, clg To;df pNn]lvt klxnf] lrhdf pgLx?sf]
cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ ljif]z ul/ ;'lra4 ul/Psf
5g\ . xfdLn] xfd|f] rr{df s;}n] klg Tof] :yfg gcf]u6f]; h'g vf; lhDj]jf/Lsf] nflu
p OZj/af6 j/bflgt ePsf] 5}g eGg] cfzf u5'{ .
cfKmgf cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ lrGg] v|Lli6ogx?n] :jf:Yo cfTd klxrfgsf] ljsf;
ug{ rfxfG5g\ . o;sf] cy{ pgLx?n] cfKmgf] af/]df hlt ;f]Rg' kYof]{ Tof] eGbf
w]/} pRr ?kdf ;f]R5g\ eGg] xf]Og . pgLx?n] l;Sb5g\ ls pgLx?sf] j/bfg h];'s}
ePtfklg pgLx? k/d]Zj/ / z/L/sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . sfgn] o;f] geGg] l;Sb5, d
Pp6f cfFvf xf]Og To;}n] d z/L/sf] xf]Og ! sf]l/GyL !@ M !^_ nFu8f lxgtf
jf]wx? Aff6fsf 5]ptkm{ pl5l§P/ v:b5g\ . ha dflg;x?n] pgLx?sf] af/]df
uFle/tf;fy ;f]Rg z'? ub{5g\ . dflg; ljgd|tf Pp6f v|Lli6iog ;bu'0f xf], t/ c? sof}+
c;n lrhx? em+} of] klg cltzlQm ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL v|Lli6ogx? clt ljgd| x'G5g ls
cGtt pgLx?n] pQm z/L/sf] z/L/sf] nflu :jd+ ltgLx?nfO{ a]sfd] agfpF5g\
-some shristians are so humble they renoer themselves virtunaly useless to
the body_ of] Ps em'6f] ljgd|tf xf] clg of] slxn]sfFxL cflTds j/bfgx?sf]
c1fgtf4f/f kl/rflnt x'G5 .
tL dflg;x? h;n] cfKmgf cflTDfs j/bfgx?/nfO{ ltgLx?nfO{ b]vfj6L arrogant
_ / cToflws cfTd ljZjf;L ;fljt u/fpg] cfwf/df gfdfËg ug{ c:jLsf/ ub{5g\,
ltgLx?n] j/bfgx? ;DjGwdf afOanLo lzIffnfO{ a'Emg c;dy{tf dfq k|bzg
ub{5g\ . sltkosf] Pp6f j/bfg;Fu ;DjlGw x'g grfxg]sf] Ps sd eJo -a less noble_
lgot x'g ;Sb5 . pgLx? To;sf] k|of]usf] vflt/ pNn]vlgo x'g grfx]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;
dfldnfdf, ljgd|tfnfO{ cgf1fsfl/tffnO{ 9fSg], 5f]Kg] vf:6f]sf] ?kdf k|of]u
x'g ;S5 . w]/} dflg;x? hf] h;n] ltgLx?sf cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ lrGb5g\ / ltgLx?
nfO{ k|of]u ul//x]sf klg 5g\ pgLx? o; k|sf/sf] C0ffTds k|j[ltx?4f/f ul/lxg
kfl/Psf
-bogged down _ x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx?n] klxnf] k|yd k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|]d u5{g\ .
pgLx?sf efO alxgLx?nfO{ k|]d u5{g\ / k/d]Zj/n] pgLx?n] h] h:tf] aGg agfpg'
eof] To;sf] nflu cfkm}nfO{ klg k|]d u5{g\ . pgLx? cfKmgf j/bfgx?sf] af/]df
3d08L x'Fb}gg\ t/ ltgsf] nflu pgLx? wGofjfbL
x'G5g\ pgLx?n] pQm z/L/sf] c? ;b:o cFux?l;t Ps} tfn / k|efjsf/Ltf;fy sfd u5{g\
.
bf];|f], cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df yfxf kfpgfn] JolQmut v|Lli6ogx?nfO{ dfq
dbt ug{] xf]Og, t/ o;n] Pp6f ;du|df d08nLnfO{ klg dbt u5{ . Plkm;L $ n]
xfdLnfO{ atfpF5 ls ha cflTds j/bfgx? kl/rflnt cj:yfdf x'G5g\, pQm l;+uf]
z/L/- the whole body_ kl/kSs aG5 . “o;n] pQm z/L/nfO{ v|Lli6sf] k"0f{tfsf]
dfkg u'0f” -kb !# k|fKt ug{ db{t ub{5_ .
ha d08nL kl/kSs x'G5, k'jf{g'dfgk"0f{?kn] of] a[l4 x'G5 . ha pQm z/L/
body_ n] /fd|/L sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5 clg x/]s k[ys cFun] To;n] ug{' kg{] sfd u5{,
Tof] l;+uf] z/L/sf] a[l4 x'G5 . Plkm;L $M !^ n] :ki6?kn] cflTDfs j/bfgx? /
d08nL a[l4sf] aLrdf Pp6f wd{zf:qLo afOanLo ;DjGw cl:tTjdf 5 . of] l;+uf]
k':ts g} s;/L of] ;DjGwn] Jofjxf/df sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] Pp6f JofVof xf];
eGgg] rfxgf ul/Psf] 5 .
cflTDfs j/bfgx/sf] af/]df hfGgfn] ug{] t];|f] / ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ xf]
o;n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxldt t'Nofpg' xf] . k|yd kq'; $ M !!,!@ n] v|Lli6ogx?n]
ltgLx?sf cflTds j/bfgx? k|of]u ug{' k5{ elg ;Nnfx lbG5, clg lsg eGg] sf/0f
o;/L yK5, “;f/f lrhx?df o]z' v|Lli64f/f k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxldt t'Nofpg ;lsG5 hf];Fu
dlxdf / ;jf]{Rrtf ;bf ;j{bf ;DjlGwt 5g\ . cfd]g,” k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxldt t'Nofpg
eGbf /fd|f] s] s'/f x'g ;Snf . of] g} j]i6ldlgi6/ Sof6]jfb west Minister catechim
_ sf] cg';f/ “dflg;x?sf] k|d'v nIo xf] .”
 j/bfgx?sf e08f/]kg M vt/fx? / ;'vx?
Stewardship of gifts ,dangers &delights.
AffOann] xfdLnfO{ k|i6 clg k|ToIf?kn] atfpFb5 ls v|Lli6ogx? pgLx?sf
cflTds j/bfgx?sf e08f/]kg x'g , x]g{xf]; ! kq'; $ M!)_
E08f/]kg, gofF s/f/sf] cy{df, Pp6f eofgs lhDd]jf/L xf], eofgs, lsgeg]
e08f/]kgsf] ToxL wf/0ffn] o;;Fu} lhDd]jf/Lsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cfofd af]s]sf]
x'G5 .
! sf]l/GyL $ M @ cg';f/ of] cfjZos 5, ls e08f/]x? ljZjf;of]Uo 7xl/g' k5{ . o;
kbnfO{ k|fo{h;f] unt 9Fun] JofVof ul/g] ul/Psf] 5 . d}n] dflg;x?n] o; kbnfO{
west minister catechism Pp6f O;fO{ ljrf/wf/fsf] ;Dk|bfo pb\/0f ub}{ of]
egfO{nfO{ cg'z/0f u/]sf] ;'g]sf] 5' . “k/d]Zj/n] ;kmntf rfxg' x'Gg, t/ pxfFn]
s]jn akmfbf/Lkg rfxg' x'G5 .” o; lsl;dsf] lgZsif{ clN5kgf, e"n u/fO{ cbIftf
jf ;fx;sf] sdLsf] lglDt Pp6f kljq axgf ;fw' axfgf x'g ;Sb5 . h] s'/f gofF s/f/df
e08f/]kgn] OlË; u/]sf] 5 of] s'g} cy{df klg Tolx xf]Og . e08f/]kgsf] nflu
;fFrf] dQL @% M !$-#) sf v'jLx? ;DjlGw b[i6fGtdf kfOG5 . Jofkf/sf] ;+;f/df
tLg e08f/]x?n] km/s kl/df0fsf k"hL k|fKt u/] . ltgLx?sf] lhDd]jf/L pQm ;|
f]tnfO{ o;sf] s[ltd pb]Zosf] nflu Jofkfl/s ;+;f/df k|of]u ug{' lyof] .
cem w]/} k};f agfpg' . tL tLg hgf dWo]sf b'O{ hgfn] ltgLx?sf] k};f
b'O{u'0ff agfP clg ha uGtLsf] lbg cfof], ltgLx?nfO{ c;n / akmfbf/ gf]s/x?
elgof] jkmfbf/Ltf k|ToIfo?kn] ;kmntf;Fu hf]l8Psf] lyof] . csf]{ e08f/] lyP / Ps
gs/fTds lrGts lyof] . p;n] cfkm';Fu ePsf] ;|f]tsf] ;FefjgfnfO{ lrGg ;s]g . p;n]
cfKmgf] k"lhn] s]xL klg u/]g, clg t;y{ -“Pp6f gLr / cN5L gf]s/sf]”_ ?kdf
d"NofËg ul/Psf] lyof] .

xfdL;Fu ePsf] x/]s cflTDfs j/bfg Pp6f ;|f]t xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn] k|of]u ug{}
k5{ h;sf] nflu xfdLx?nfO{ d"NofËgsf] a]nfdf lhDd]jf/ 7x¥ofOg] 5 . s;} ;Fu
Pp6}, s;};Fu b'O{6f / s;} s;};+u % j6f x'g] 5g\ . z'? ug{sf] nflu dfqf jf
kl/df0fn] cy{ /fVb}g . e08f/]x? h] s'/f dflnsn] pgLx?nfO{ lbg elg 5fGg' ePsf]
5 To;sf] nfludfq lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . t/ e08f/]x?nfO{ lbOPsf] ;f] ;|f\tnfO{ dflnssf]
nIo k'/f ug{sf] vflt/ k|of]u ul/Psf] x'g} kb{5 . of] xfdL x/]sn] cGtt
k/d]Zj/af6 ;'Gg u}/x]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg tof/L ug{] a]nf xf] . -“d}n]
ltdLnfO{ ljZjf;sf ;fy lbPsf] cflTDfs j/bfgx?nfO{ s] ug{ k|of]u u¥of} <”
b'vfGtk"j{s, sof}n] To; k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg c;d{y x'g]5g\ . -“pgLx?nfO{ c;n
/ akmfbf/ gf]s/x?”_ slDtdf klg pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] To; vf; If]qdf elgg] 5}g,
lsgeg] pgLx? cflTds j/bfgx? ;DjlGw cglw1 /x]sf 5g\ . c1fgtff, d 8f]xf]
¥ofp+5', k/dfGb xf]Og .
 j/bfgx?nfO{ b'?kof]u ul/g ;lsG5 .
cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf] sof}+ lsl;dn] b'?kof]u x'g ;Sb5g\ o'gfO{6]8 d]yf]l8:6
lj4fg, s]]g]y lsªxg{n], j/bfg eo/f]u -charisphobia _ / j/bfg pGdfb
-charismania _ h:tf /+lug zAbx?sf] k|of]u ub{} tL ctLx? -The extremes _ sf]
j0f{g ub{5g\ .( s]xL hf] cflTds j/bfgx?sf ;Fefjgfx? Aff/] k"0f{?kn] ;r]t 5g\ .
ltgn] ltgLx?nfO{ zlQm k|fKt ug{, wg cfh{g ug{, abnf lng jf
;xsdL{ ljZjf.;Lx?sf] zf]if0f ug{ k|of]u ub{5g\ . d oLgLx?nfO{ lj:t[t ug{]5}g
jf cflTds j/bfgx?sf cfh k|rlnt c? ;a b'?kof]ux?sf] ;'rL tof/ ug{] 5}g . t/ d ltgLx?
dWo b'O{6fsf] gfd pNn]v ul/ l6Kk0fL ug{ rfxfG5' , h'g dnfO{ ljif]z ul/
JofKt / d08nL a[l4lsf] nflu k|To'Tkfbs ePsf] nfU5 .

j/bfg dlxdf -Gift Exaltaion_

klxnf] b'?kof]u j/bfg dlxdf xf] . s]xL j[Qx?df Pp6f j/bfgx?nfO{ c/eGbf dfly
kf/]/ dlxdf ufpg] sfd nf[slk|o x'G5 . s]xL ;d'bfox?df Pp6f vf; j/bfg x'gfn] Pp6f
cflTds x}l;otsf] 5lj lgdf{0f ub{5 . k|yd >]0fLsf dflg;x? l4lto >]0fLsf dflg;x?
b]lv Pp6f vf; j/bfg jf j/bfgx?sf] cEof; ul//x]sf] cfwf/df cnu ePsf x'G5g\ .
ha o:tf] x'G5, j/bfgx? cfkm}+df cGTo x'g rfxG5g\ . ltgn] pQm
z/L/nfO{ eGbf JolQmnfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ sf]l/GyLx? o; vf8ndf
v;]sf lyP, clg kfjnn] ! sf]l/GyL !@- !$ ltgLx?nfO{ tfg]/ aflx/ lgsfNg] k|of;df
n]Vg' ePsf] 5 . xfdL ;a}n] Pp6f :jR5 r]tfjgL lng' / j/bfg dxftfDoaf6 hf]lug'
cfjZos 5 .
ha d}n] cflTds j/bfgx? ;DjlGw k'g/fjnf]sg u/]+, d}n] j/bfg dxftfDo cfzf
gul/Psf 7fpFx?df km'nkmn]sf] kfPF . Pp6ff n]vsn], pbfx/0fsf] nflu,
eljZojfl0fnfO{ dxfgtd j/bfg eGb5g\ . csf]{n] af}l4s zAbnfO{ dxfgtd
eGb5g\ .cem} csf{mn] eGb5g\ ls of] t k|]l/kg -apostoleship _ x'g ;Sb5g\ . d
:j+dn] s'g} Pp6f j/bfg c?x?eGbf 7'nf] x'G5g\ eg]/ ljZjf; ub{5g\, oBlk xfdLn] !
sf]l/GyL !@ M @* df sfdx?sf] >]l0fs/0f b]Vb5f}+ . s'g} vf; j/bfgx? c?
j/bfgx? eGbf s'g} vf; cj;/x?sf] nflu, vf; 7fpFx?sf] nflu, ;]js vf; bz{gx?sf] nflu,
vf; ;d'xx?sf] nflu / sfdx?sf] nflu al9 plrt x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, sf]l/GyLsf]
kl/l:ytLldf cGoefiffx?sf] eGbf cudjf0fLsf] al9 cfjZostf lyof] . h:tf] ls rfN;
{ xd]nn] eGg' x'G5, “kfjnn] :yL/?kn] j/bfgx?nfO{ ljleGgtf b]vfpgsf] nflu, tx
jf >]0fL b]vfpg'sf] ;f6f], hyfefjL?kn] 5fGg] / qmda4 ug{] ug{ x'G5 . hxfF
Pp6f plrt qmd b]vf kb{5, o;nfO{ kf7sf] ;Gbe{df a'lemg' kb{5 / Pp6}nfO{ ;a}
cj;/x?sf] nflu ;j]{ ;jf{ agfpg' ePg .”!)
 j/bfg k|bz{gsf nIf0fx? - The syndrome of gift
projestion _
bf];|f] b'?kof]fu xf] j/bfg lj:tf/f w]/} h;f] v|Lli6ogx? h;n] pgLx? :jFds}
af/]df hLjgLx? Nf]v]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?n] cfKmgf] hLjgsfndf c;fwf/0f lrhx? k'/f
u/]sf 5g\ . s]n] pgLx?nfO{ To; k|sf/sf] hLjge/sf] sfo{df ;dfj]z Ifdtf lbof] h;n]
Pp6f hLjgLnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x¥ofpFYof] < of] k/d]Zj/ g} x'g' kb{5 ls h;n]
ltgLx?nfO{ Pp6f cflTds j/bfg jf j/bfgx? Ps c:jfefljs txdf lbg'eof] , ls pglx?n]
ltgnfO{ ljj]s k"0f{tf}/n] ljsl;t kf/], clg ltgLx?n] ltgnfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] dlxdf ug{ /
v|Lli6sf] z/L/sf] kmfO{bfsf] nflu k|of]u u/] .
yf]/} hLjgL n]v]sx?, tyflk, clg pQ hLjgLsf yf]/} gfosx? ;DjlGw
afO{anLo lzIffsf] ;DjGWfdf hgtfk|lt ;Fj]bgl;n x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ltgLx?
nfO{ pgLx?sf c:jefljs sfo{x?sf] JofVof ug{]qmddf csf]{ z}nL ckgfpg]
agfPsf] 5 . ;fdfGotof, o:tf k':tsx?df pNn]vLt k4ltx? j/bfg
OZj/zf:qtkm{ eGbf ;dk0f{ OZj/zf:qtkm{ em'sfj /fVb5 csf]{ zAbdf pQm ljrf/
p;n] jf pgn] ul/g ;f] dfkm{t ;fdfGo?kn] cfpFb5 lsgeg] ltgLx?n]
k/d]Zj/nfO{ cf}lw k|]d ub{y] . To;sf/0f, olb tkfO{n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ Tolt w]/}
k|]]d ug{‘' eof] eg], k'/f kf7s, tkfO{n] klg To:t} ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 . olb tkfO{n]
oL sfdx? Ug{ c;kmn x'g'x'G5 eg], ca lsg c;kmn ePF eGg] sf/0f
tkfO{nfO{ yfxf 5 . k/d]Zj/;Fusf] tkfO{sf] ;DjGwdf s]xL lrhsf] sld 5 .

oL hLjgLx? Kf9\g] sof}+ O;fO{x? ;Dk'0f{?kn] k/d]Zj/k|lt ;dlk{t

x'G5g\ . o;sf] sf/0fn], k|fo; ltgLx?g} To:tf JolQm x'G5g\ . hf] ;aeGbf lg/fz
ePsf] uNtL u/]sf] / k/flht ePsf] dxz'; ub{5g\ . ha ltgLx?n] oL ljZjf;sf b}Tox?
sf] af/]df hfGb5g\ . kl/l:yx?nfO{ emg v/fj agfpg, slxn]sfFxL ltgLx? d}n] h]
lrhx?nfO{ “j/bfg lj:tf/ Gift projection _” eG5' To;df ;FnUg x'G5g\ . pgLx?n],
OdfGbf/ ljgd|tfsf;fy “x]/, d Pp6f ;fwf/0f O;fO{ x'F, c?x?af6 k6Ss} cnu
5}g . d}n] h] u5'{ Tof] s'/f oxfF 5, clg k/d]Zj/n] cflifz lbg' x'G5 . olb,
tkfO{x?n] d}n] h] u/]+ Toff] ug{'eof] eg] k/d]Zj/n] klg tkfO{x?nfO{ To;/L
g} cflifz lbg' x'g]5 .” eGg rfxfG5g\ . pgLx?n] lj/n} eGg] s'/f b'ef{Uojz s]xL
eg], “d}n] h] rfx]+ Tof] ug{ ;S5' lsgeg] k/d]Zj/n] dnfO{ Pp6f vf; j/bfg jf
ldl>t j/bfgx? lbg'ePsf] 5 . olb tkfO{n] k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{nfO{ klg ToxL s'/f
lbg'ePsf] kQf nufpg' eof] eg], dl;t o;/L cfpgf]xf]; . olb lbg'ePsf] 5}g eg],
xfdLn] z/L/sf cnu cnu cFux?sf] ?kdf Ps csf{nfO{ k|]d / ;xof]u ug{]5f}+ .”
j/bfg lj:tf/sf] -Gift projection _ nIf0fx?sf] rFu'ndf kmF;]sf dflg;x?n] l;+uf]
z/L/nfO{ Pp6f cfFvf dffq agfpg rfx]sf] b]lvG5 . ltgLx?n] cljj]sL tf}/n] ulNt /
nfhnfO{ v|Lli6og ;xkf7Lx?df yf]kfg{ rfxfG5g\ . ltgLx?n] s'/f yK5g\, “lsgeg]
d Pp6f xft xf]Og, To;}n] d z/L/sf] xf]Og,”-! sf]l/GyL !@ M !%_ jf:tjdf
hf];Fu km/s km/s j/bfgx? 5g\ . ltgLx?sf] nflu j/bfgx? lj:tf/sf] slt ljgfzsf/L
x'G5g\ eGg] af/]df ltgLx?nfO{ k|fo; yf]/} dfq yfxf x'G5 . ltgLx? syfdf ePsf]
Tof] e08f/] h:t} 5g\ . hf] bzj6f l;Ssfx? sdfP/ NofO{ csf{] rf/j6f l;Ssf lnP/
cfpg]nfO{ cfKmgf] dflnsn] p;nfO{ Jofkf/ z'? ug{ % l;Ssfx? lbPsf]
tYonfO{ pNn]v gul/sg eGb5',, “olb ltdLn] dflnsnfO{ pQm dflnsnfO{ w]/}
dfof ubf{ xf} t ltdLn] klg bzj6} l;Ssfx?l;t cfpg]
lyof} .”
j/bfg lj:tf/nfO{ nfu' ug{] dflg;x?n] s]jn Pp6f ulNtnfO{ c?sf] sfFwdf
yf]k{g ;Sg] xf]Og, t/ Tof] eGbf klg uFle/tfk'j{s pgLx? eGbf c?x? km/s
x'gfsf] sf/0f / pgLx?l;t kfFrj6f l;Ssfx?sf] ;§f @j6f l;Ssfx? klg x'g ;Sg'sf] sf/0f
kljq cfTdf :jFdn] “x/]snfO{ pxfFsf] OR5fcg';f/”! sf]l/GyL !@ M!!_ ljt/0f
ug{' ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f a'Emg c;kmn x'g' xf] . Ps k|sf/n], ltgLx?n] To; laGb'df
k/d]Zj/sf] a[l4 / ;fj{ef}d;Qf dfly k|ZglrGx v8f u/]sf 5g\ . ltgLx? “;
[li6stf{ clw/rgfdf” c?x?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] cfKmg} 5ljdf ptf{g b[9\ x'Fb} ;FnUg
e}/x]sf x'g
;Sb5g\ .
lj:6f]n, OuNof08sL hh{d"n/nfO{ pbfx/0fsf] nflu “ljZjf;sf] k|]l/t” eg]/
;Daf]wg ul/G5 . pxfFsf] af/]df c;Fvo hLjgLx? n]lvPsf 5g\ . h;n] sl/a !))
jif{ cl3 pxfF dfkm{t 6'x'/f jfnjflnsfx?sf] x]/rfx ug{ k/d]Zj/n] ug{' ePsf] sfdx?
sf] tl/sfx?sf] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . ltdWo] s]xLnfO{ d}n] k9]sf] 5' / d]/f]
egfO{ dfGotf of] 5 ls s'g} z+sf ljgf hh{d"n/nfO{ cflTDfs ljZj lslt{dfgsf]
af/]df u|Llgh a'sdf cFlst ;'lrds[t ul/g] jfnf lyP, olb o:tf] k':ts slxNo} k|sfl;t
x'Gy] eg] . pxfFl;t c? j/bfgx? klg lyP, t/ pxfFsf] dxfgtdx? DfWo]sf] Ps
ljZjf;sf] j/bfg
-Gift of faith _ lyof] . d"n/nn] To;f] ePtfklg, hxfF;Dd dnfO{ hfgsf/L 5,
o;nfO{ slxNo} klg Pp6f cflTds j/bfgsf] ?kdf dfGotf lbg' ePg . pQm hLjgLsf]
Ps pRrtd ljGb'df, ha kf7sx? plrttf}/n] pgsf] cflTDfs sfo{x? Spiritual
feats_af6 k'nlst -Dazzled _ ePsf x'G5g\, >Ldfg d"n/ eGg'x'G5 “tkfO{n] klg
Tolx ljZjf; /fVg ;Sg' x'Gg eGg] ;f]Rg] agfP/ ;}tfgn]] tkfO{nfO{ wf]vf glbof];
t/ of] t s]jn d h;/L cjl:yt dflg;x?sf] nflu xf] . d}n] k|e'nfO{ k|fyfgf u5{' / d]/f
cg'/f]wx?sf] hjfkm k|fKt ug{] cfzf ub{5' clg s] tkfO{n] klg To:t} ug{
;Sg'x'Gg,/ lk|o ljZjf;L kf7sx? <”!!
d]/f] v|Lli6og hLjgsf] z'?sf] Ps df]8df, d}n] k|z:t hLjgLx?sf] cWoog
ub{y] . To;kl5 d}n] nueu em08} of] sfd /f]s] / klxnf]k6s lsg eGg] yfxf kfPg .
d}n] h] s'/f hfg] Tof] of] xf] ls ha ltgLx? k9'Gh]n cfgGbk"0f{ lyP, ha d}n]
k9]/ l;WofPF d}n] cfkm' lxgtf dxz'; u/]+ . d}n] ;w}+ dxz'; ug{ yfn] ls “olb
kmnfgf]n] of] sfd ug{ ;S5 eg] d}n] klg ;Sg' kb{5 .”clxn] d cg'dfg ub{5' lsg
d}n] ltgLx? k9\g /f]s] eg]/ d}n] lxgtf dxz'; ug{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . pQ “lk|o
ljZjf;L kf7s v08n] dnfO{ 5f]of]” d j/bfg lj:tf/sf] Pp6f lg;Gb]x lzsf/ lyPF /
cem}klg d}n] j/bfg OZj/zf:q eGbf ;dk{0f OZj/zf:qsf dfGotfx?4f/f kl/rfns
sfo{x? ul//x]sf]n], o;nfO{ s;/L kl/rfng ug{] xf] dnfO{ yfxf lyPg .
 kl5 cfpg] cWofox?df ha xfdLn] ljz]if j/bfgx?sf af/]df JofVof u5f}+, d}n]
a]nf a]nfdf j/bfg lj:tf/sf nIf0fx?tkm{ ;Fs]t ug{] 5' . dfq d}n] klxn] pNn]v
u/]em}+ o;sf] JolQmut cg'ej ub{5' ls sof}+ dfldnfdf o;n] d08nLsf]
j[l4nfO{ afwf k'¥ofO{/x]sf] 5 . clg ca @^ j6f JolQut j/bfgx/sf] jf/]df ljz]if
Wofg lbg] a]nf ePsf] 5 .
k/fjt{g k|Zgx? -Reflection Questions_
!= Pp6f v|Lli6ogn] p;sf] hLjgdf k/d]Zj/sf] of]hgf kQf nufpgsf] nflu rfNg'
kg{] cf}lw cfwf/e"t sbd, p;sf] jf pgsf] cflTds j/bfg jf j/bfgx? kQf
nufpg' xf] . s] tkfO{nfO{ of] Pp6f a9fO{ r9fO{ xf] h:tf] nfU5 <
@= s]xLsf] nflu d08nLnfO{ “Pp6f ;Fu7gsf”] ?kdf eGbf Pp6f hLjsf] ?kdf
x]l/g' k5{ eGg] ljrf/ gofF 5 . tL b'O{sf] aLrdf /x]sf km/sx?sf] af/]df
5nkmn rnfpm .
#= lglZrt?kn] dlxnfx?;Fu cflTDfs j/bfgx? x'G5 . s] tkfO{ k/d]Zj/n] ;a}
cflTDfs j/bfgx? dlxnfx?nfO{ lbg'x'G5 eGg] 7fGg' x'G5 . olb 7fGg'
x'Gg eg], s'grfFxLnfO{ pxfFn] cfkm};Fu /fVg'xf]nf <
$= s]xLn] ljZjf; ub{5g\ ls k/d]Zj/n] x/]s ljZj;Lsf] hLjgdf ;Dk"0f{ cflTds
j/bfgx?nfO{ ;lqmo kfg{ rfxfg'x'G5 . k]6/ jfUg/ c;xdt x'G5g\ . tL
b'O{ kl/l:ytLx? AfLrsf] km/sx? a'Emg Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{xf]; clg
tkfO{ sxfF x'g'x'G5 kl/efiff lbg'xf]; .
%= s] tkfO{n] sf]xL Ps hgf hf] “j/bfg lj:tf/df” ;FnUg x'G5nfO{, lrGg'x'G5 <
lsg o;n] c?x?nfO{ xfgL ug{ ;S5 <
l6Kk0fLx?

!= o;kl5, wd{zf:qsf kf7x?af6 lnOPsf pbfx/0fx?df n]vfs4f/f al9 hf]8

lbgnfO{ afFªuf cIf/x?df lbOPsf 5g\ .
@\ hf]g ds cfy{/ h'lgo/, b rr{ b a8L ckm qmfO{i6 u|f08 ¥oflk8;, Pd= cfO{=
hf]08/efg k|sffzg u[x !(&#_,
k]h g= !#^

#\= 8ANo'= 6L= kls{h/ M cfTdfsf] j/bfgx? sG;f; l;6L, df= ljsg lxN; k|];, !(&
%_, k[i7 @!
$\= gfG;L xf8{:6L, j/bfgx? csf{] kIf h"nfO{ cu:6 !(&& k[i6 $)

%= Hofs 8ANo' dsuf]Dof{g, b luKm6; ckm b :kl/6 gf;leGNn], l6PgM a|

f]8Dofg k|]; !(&$_ k[i6 #!
^= Plnhfj]y cf] sf]Gg/, ;[li6sf] cf7f}+ lbg j/bfgx? / /rgfTdstf –8Nnf;, 6]S;f; M
j8{ O{s, !(&!_ k[i6 !%
 &= h]g] P= u]hn] o; a'FbfnfO{ cfKmgf b'O{ sfo{x?df ljsl;t ub{5g\ lzsfuf]
cfO Pn d"l8 5fkfvfgf !(&$ k[i6 !!@ -!!& clg kl5Nnf] rflx
Pscsf{nfO{ lgdf0f{ ubf{ -xL6g,_ cfO Pn M leS6/ k':ts !(&^_, k[i6 (- !^ xf] .
*= u]]h, Ps csf{nfO{ lgdf0f{ ubf{ k[i6 (
(= s]g]y s}g lsªxg{ kljq cfTdfsf j/bfgx? gf;flen], l6PgM Pljªg 5fkfvfgf !(&^
k[i6 (%
!)= rfN;{ O{= xd]n, c/f]gfsf] cfuf] –8f]g/;u|f]e cfO{= Pn, OG6/ efl;{6L k|]; !
(&* _ k[i6 @$^
!!= al;n ldn/ hh{ d"n/ ljZjf;sf] dfG5] u|f08 ¥oflk8;, Pd cfO{ M hf]G8/efg k|
sfzg u[x !!$!_, k[i6 %*

cWofo tLg

tL j/bfgx? s] x'g M Pp6f v'nf lsgf/o'Qm ljlwM

d08nLa[l4sf] nfuL cflTds j/bfgx?sf] ;FnUgtfsf] af/]df c? yk 5nkmn rnfpg'
eGbf klxn], xfdL tL j/bfgx? jf:tljs?kdf s] x'g / s'g s'g rfFxL JolQmx? /
d08nLx?sf] nflu cfh pknAw 5g\ eg]/ xfdL ;s];Dd ;Lldt x'g h?/L 5 .
o;k|ltsf] d]/f] lglt ;Dej eP;Dd v'nf lsgf/o'Qm -Openeded_ x'g u}O{/x]sf]
5 . lsgeg], h:tf] ls xfdLn] s]xL ljj/0fx?df b]Vg]5f}+ . j/bfx?sf] ;Fvofsf] af/]df
afO{ann] xfdLnfO{ s7f]/ k|ltjGw leq aGb ub}{g, nfUb5 of] g} j}wflgs k|
lqmof xf] . d}n] o;f] ug{'sf] dg;fo s'g} klg d08nL h;n] cflTDfs j/bfgx?
nfO{ o;sf] a[l4sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ rfxfG5',, To;nfO{ klg ;'xfpFbf] agfpg'
xf] .
dnfO{ o;f] ug{ ;lsG5 h:tf] nfU5 lsgeg] d}n] cflTds j/bfgx?
nfO{ ljZjJofkstfsf] ;DjGwdf b[9?kn] ljZjf; ub{5' . x/]s v|Lli6ogx?l;t tL 5g\
clg x/]s d08nLx?;Fu tL 5g\ . sof}+ cem} klg ;txd'lg ufl8Ps} x'g ;Sb5g\ h:tf]
ls dlQ @% df v'jL jl0f{t 5, t/ ltgnfO{ ;txdf Nofpg' / k/d]Zj/sf] dlxdfsf] nflu
tyf d08nL a[l4sf] nflu pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . cflTds j/bfgx? d]yf]l8:6 rr{x? /
sGh/e]l6e JofKtLi6 rr{x?sf] nflu x'g . tL kljqtf d08nLx? / k]lG6sf]i6n rr{x?sf
nflu x'g . ltgLx? cf/ldlgog rr{x?sf] nflu / sflNegjfbL rr{x?sf] nflu rr{x?sf]
nflu x'g pk ;xl/of d08nLx?sf nflu x'g / lelq ;xl/of rr{x?sf nflu x'g, sfnf rr{x?sf
nflu x'g, / lx:Koflgs rr{x?sf] nflu x'g . ltgLx? :sf]lkmN8 ;Gbe{ afOan k|of]u
ug{] d08nLx?sf nflu x'g / gofF cGt/fli6\o ;F:s/0f k|of]u ug{] d08nLx?sf nflu
x'g . ltgLx? tL x/]s d08nLx?sf nflu x'g h;df v|Li6 o]z' 6fpsf] x'g'x'G5 / o;sf
;b:ox? pxfFsf] z/L/sf cFux? x'G5g\ .
 clg cflTDfs j/bfgx?n] sfo{ ub{5g\ . ltgn] k|efjsf/L ;]jsfO{ pTkfbg
ub{5g\ . ha ltgLx?n] ;f] sfd ub}{gg\, pQm z/L/sf] :jf:Yodf s]xLlrh v/fjL
ePsf] x'G5 . olb s'g} lrhsf] af/]df afOan k|i6 5 eg], of] s'/f :ki6 5 ls k/d]Zj/n]
! x/]s v|Lli6og;Fu Pp6f jf w]/} cflTds j/bfgx?/ ePsf] b]Vg rfxfg' x'G5 /
ltgnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] x]g{ rfxfg' x'G5 .
@= clg pxfFn] cfKmgf x/fPsf e]8fx? km]nf kfl/Psf] / d08nLsf] a[l4 ePsf]
rfxfg' x'G5 . cflTDfs j/bfgx? pkof]uLtfjfbL1 x'G5g\ . tL sfo{fTds x'G5g\
,ltgLx?n] ug{'kg{] Pp6f sfd x'G5 clg olb ltgLx?n] /fd|/L sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\
eg], ;f] sfo{ k'/f x'g]5 . ha tL j/bfgx?n] Pp6f a[l4 x'g rflx/x]sf] / pQm a[l4sf]
nflu d"No r'sfpg tof/ ePsf] d08nLdf Ps;fy sfd ub{5g\, pQ d08nLn] k/d]Zj/sf]
cflzif b]Vg]5 / of] a9\g' kb{5 .
o; k':tsn] cfsf/ln+b} hfg]qmddf, d}n] @^ j6f km/s km/s cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf]
j0f{g ug{ u}/x]sf] 5' . ToxfF ;Fejt M al9 xf]nfg, x'g ;S5 ToxfF To;eGbf yf]/}
klg xf]nfg\ . o; km/snfO{ plrt j]nfdf j0f{g ul/g] 5 .
h'g qmd d}n] j/bfgx?nfO{ JofVof ug{ 5fg]sf] 5' , To;nfO{ b]vfpg' kg{]
cfjZostf 5 . cflTds j/bfg ;DjlGWf s]xL k':tsx?n] ltgLx?nfO{ afOandf b]vf
k/]s} qmdd} ;'lra4 kf/]sf 5g\ . s]xLn] ltgLx?nfO{ sof}+ k|d'v jlu{s/0fx?sf]
dftxtdf pka'Fbfx?sf] ?kdf j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . slDtdf Pp6f k':tsn] ltgLx?
nfO{ j0ff{g'qmddfJofxf/ ub{5 . o; k':tsdf, d}n] x/]s j/bfgx?nfO{ of] :jfefljs?
kdf cfPsf] / d08nL a[l4sf] nflu o;sf] vf; sfo{nfO{ a9L hf]8 lbOg' cfjZos ePsf]
s'/f rrf{ ug{]5' . o; cWofodf pbfx/0fsf] nflu d}n] ;a} @^ j6f cflTDfs j/bfgx?
sf] ;'rL lbg] 5' t/ $ j6fsf] af/]df dfq vf; rrf{ ug{]5' . csf]{ cWofodf $ j6f c?
a9Lsf] af/]df rrf{ ug{]5' . o;/L g} d hfg]5' . o; k':tssf] cl3lNt/ lbOPsf] ljz]if
lgb{]zLsfn] k|d'v 5nkmnsf] nflu s'g j/bfg sxfF 5 eg]/ b]vfpF5 . tL j/bfgx?sf]
af/]df yk ;Gbe{sf]f nflu lgb{]zLsf x]g'{xf]; .

tLg k|d'v ;'rLx?

AfOandf pNn]lvt cflTds j/bfgx?sf] 7'nf] ax'dt tLgj6f d"n cWofox? M /f]dL !
@, ! sf]l/GyL !@ / Plkm;L $ df kfOG5g\ . tkfO{n] cfKmgf] afOandf oL tLg
cjl:ytLx?nfO{ efjL ;Gbe{sf] nflu lrgf] nufO{ /fVGff]; lsgeg] tL k|fylds x'g .
sof}+ dfWolds cWofox?n] ;d]t cGo dxTjk"0f{ ljj/0fx? pknAw u/fpF5g\ .
ltgdWo] d"Votof ! sf]l/GyL &M!# -!$ Plkm;L # / ! kq'; $ ;dfj]z x'G5g\ .
Df}n] j/bfgx?sf d'Vo ;'rLx?nfO{ Ps ;fy /fVb}, tL tLg k|fylds cWofox?sf]
k|of]u u/]/ z'? ug]{5' . sf]i7 leq lbOPsf zAbx? AfOansf sof}+ cFu|]hL
;F:s/0fx?df kfOPsf km/s cg'jfbx? X'g . /f]dL !@ n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf cflTDfs
j/bfgx?sf] j0f{g ub{5 .
!= cudjf0fL -jrg jfF8\g', clek|]l/t pRrf/0f_

1
-Utilitarian_
 @= ;]jf -;]jsfO{_
#= lzIff
$= k|f]T;fxg -ljZjf;nfO{ k|]l/t ug{', k|f]T;fxg lbg'_
%= lbg' -of]ubfg ug{', ;bfzotf, ;xfotf, afFf8\r'F8 ug{'_
^= g]t[Tj -k|flwsf/, zf;g ug{', k|zf;g_
&= bof -;xfg'e"lt, b'lvtx?nfO{ ;'ljwf, bofn'kgf b]vfpg'_
! sf]l/GyL !@ n] -/f]dLx?af6 lnOPsfx?nfO{ gbf]xf]¥ofOsg_ yKb5 M
*= a'l4 -a'l4dfgLk"0f{ ;Nnfx, a'l4dfgLk"0f{ jrg_
(=1fg -cWoog, 1fg ;lxt af]Ng' _
!)= ljZjf;
!!= rFufO{
!@= rdTsf/x? dxfg sfo{ ug{'_
!#= cfTdfx?sf] af/]df hfGg' -cflTds lrhx?sf] jLr e]befj _
!$= cGoefiffx? slxNo} gl;s]sf efiffx? Aff]Ng', k|;Gg pRrf/0f, pT;fxL
pRrf/0f_
!%= cGo efiffx?sf] cy{ nufpg'_
!^= k|]l/tx?
!&= ;xof]ux?
!*= k|zf;g -;/sfx? ;xsfo{ ug{sf] nflu c?nfO{ hDdf ug{'_
Plkm;L $ n] yKb5 k'g M dflysfx? dWo] s'g}nfO{ klg gbf]xf]¥ofP/ _
!(= k|rf/s -;';dfrf/ k|rf/s _
@)= cu'jf -k/d]Zj/sf] hgnfO{ x]/rfx ug{sf] nflu _

d08nLsf kbx? / k]6/ l;4fGt

s]xL dflg;;x?n] cf}Nofpg ;Sg] 5g ls Plkm;L $ df lbOPsf] ;'lr c? b'O{6f eGbf
clnslt km/s 5 lsgeg] o;n] o:tf j/bfgx?sf] af/]df ge} sfo{nox?sf] af/]df pNn]v
ub{5 . of] s'/f xf] . ha o;n[ sf]xL sf]xL4f/f d08nLnfO{ lbOPsf] “kfFr
txsf] ;]jsfO”{ eg]/ ;Gble{t ul/Psff k|]l/tx? cudaQmfx? Kf|rf/sx? / cu'jf lzIfsx?
sf] af/]df af]Nb5g, Wofg s]lG4t JolQmx?df ul/G5 hf] o:tf sfo{noLo kbx?df
lr/kl/lrt x'G5g . k|fo{h;f] o:tf dflg;x?nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;x?sf] zL/ dfly xft
/fVg wfld{s lgo'lQm ul/Psf -Ordained_ jf clwsf/x? lbOPsf x'G5g\ . cfw'lgs
hdfgfsf] efiffdf, ;Fejt M ltgLx?nfO{ “k"hf/L”jf d08nL cyjf wfld{s ;Dk|bfout
Jofj;flos sd{rf/Lx?sf] ?kdf lnOGYof] xff]nf .
cfh v|Lli6og d08nLx? s'g' s'g kbx?nfO{ dfGotf lbg] ljifodf pNn]vgLo?kn]
km/s 5g\ .
-Christian churches today vary considerably about which offices are
recoqnized. _ s]xLn] ljZjf; ub{5g\ ls Plkm;L $M !! n] ltgLx?nfO{ tL j/bfgx?
nfO{ _ Pp6f vf; ;+Vofleq aGb ub{5, s]xLn] cu'jf ;DjGwL kqx? Pastoral
epistles, af6 Pp6f tftL g} lgsfNb5g\, h;n] klg PN8/x? / l8sG;x? / k|wfg
k'hf/Lx? Biship_, sf] pNn]v ub{5g\ eg] sf]xL of] eGbf k/ k'Ub5g\ . cd]l/sL
:jflwg d08nLx?;Fu pbfx/0fsf] nflu, sof}+ sfo{noaf6} dfGotf k|fKt k|]l/tx? /
cudjQfx? 5g\ ha ls gfh]/]gx?;Fu oL dWo Pp6f klg 5}gg\ . t/ gfh]/gx?l;t k|
rf/sx? / dxfgLl/Ifs / lhNnf gLl/Ifsx?sf sfo{nox? 5g\ blIf0fL JofKtL;x?n] -The
southern Baptists_ ltgLx?sf hLNnf gLl/Ifsx?nfO{ “/fHo ;Dd]ngsf]
sfo{sf/L ;lrjx?”
“Executive sedretaries of state comentions”eGb5g\, b rr{ ckm u8\ s]e
Nof08_ n] ltgLx?nfO{ “/fHo ko{j]Ifsx? EfGb5, clg ;]e]g8] P8e]lG6li6x?n]
ltgLx?nfO{ ;Dd]ngsf] cWoIfx?” -conference presidents _ eGb5g\ :yfgLo
d08nLx?sf cu'jf /]vb]vstf{ clbsf/Ls dflg;x?nfO{ km/s km/s lsl;dn] “cu'jfx?”
“dGqLx?” jf “k'hf/Lx?” eg]/ ;Djf]wg ul/G5 . d'lQm ;]gfn] -The salvation
Army_ ltgLx?sf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;}Go bhf{ lbG5 M “n]lKm6g]G6x?
sKtfgx? / s0f]{nx?” Efg]/ . clg xfdLn] klg To;f] ug{ ;S5f}+ .
s]xL dflg;x?sf] nflu of] e|fds x'g ;Snf c?x?sf] nflu, of] nrstfsf] /rgfTdstfsf] /
v|Lli6ogx? cfiyfsf] /]zfdf gLlxt ;DkGg ljljwf -Variety _sf] Pp6f yk ;'rs xf] .
sfo{nox?nfO{ j/bfgx?sf] vfFrf] x'G5 .
tL ljleGgtfx?sf] af/]df oxfF 5nkmn ug{'sf] d"n pb]Zo of] b]vfpg' xf] ls Tof]
sfo{nonfO{ h] gfd /flvPtf klg, pQm jf]nfj6 ePsf] wfld{s lgo'lQm lbOPsf],
v6fOPsf] jf k|df0fkq lbOPsf] JolQm o;sf] nflu p;nfO{ jf pgnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] k|
bfg ug{' ePsf] Tof] vf; ljz]if j/bfg ld>0fx?sf] cfwf/df of]Uo ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
k|]l/tx?df k|]l/tx?sf] j/bfgx? x'g'k5{, cudjQmfx?df cudjf0fLsf] j/bfg x'g'k5{,
k|rf/sx?df ;';dfrf/ k|rf/sf] j/bfg x'g'k5{ / cflb .
oxL+g]/ cd]l/sL d08nLx?df Pp6f lg/Gt/sf] a[l4 ;d:of /xG5 . pgLx?l;t plrt
cflTds j/bfgx? 5 jf 5}g eGg] af/] lglZrt hfgsf/L gx'Fbf gx'+b} klg tL dflg;x?
nfO{ d08nL ;DjlGWf sfo{ kbx? -Ecclesianstical offices_ cf]u6\g cg'dlt
lbOG5 . sfo{nox? k|foh;f] jl/i7tf, k|efj, JolQmTj, /fhgLlts lgoGq0f, k|l6:yf,
rdTsf/ -Rotation_ cyjf oL dflysf ;a}sf] cfwf/df k'/:s[t x'G5g\ . dnfO{ 8/ nfU5
ls of] “k]6/ l;4fGt” xfd|f] d08nLdf x'g'kg{] xb eGbf Hofbf al9/x]sf] 5 g/fd|
f];Fu_ .
l;sf?x?sf] nflu, k]6/ l;4fGt k|ydk6s ;jf{lws lalqmx'g] /rgfx?sf n]vs n/]G;
k]6/4f/f pRrf/Lt ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] l;4fGt of] xf] ls Pp6f bhf{>]0fLdf k|
To]s sd{rf/Ln] p;sf] cbIftfsf] txtkm{ p7\g rfxG5 . ! s'g} klg JolQmsf] nflu
clGtd kbf]GgtL eg]sf] k'jf{g'dfgk"0f{?kn] Pp6f bIftfsf] txaf6 csf]{ cbIftfsf]
txtkm{ x'G5 clg ToxfF pQm k|fo JolQm /f]lsG5 . k]6/sf w]/} lrq0fx? Jofj;fo,
;/sf/ / pBf]uaf6, cfpF5g\, t/ pxfFn] olQms} ;lhnf];Lt ;f] l;4fGtnfO{ rr{af6
lrq0f ug{ ;SGf' x'GYof] .
n/]G; k]6/n] ljnfk ub{5g\ ls ;/sf/ / pBf]udf Tof] l;4fGt nueu x§fpg g;lsg] 5 /
x/], xfd|f] ;dfh cgfjZos?kn] cbIftf / gfnfosLkg df u'lD;Psf] 5 . t/ of] cj:yfsf]
dfdnf d08nLx?df x'g' cfjZos 5}g / o:tf] x'g' x'b}g . k/d]Zj/n] d08NfLsf] 9fFrf
gfnfosLkg -Mediocrity _ sf] nflu tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] lYfPg . pxfFnfO{ n/]G; k]6/
hGdg'k'j{ g} pQm k]6/ l;4fGtsf] af/]df yfxf lyof], clg pxfFn] o;nfO{ x6fpg
Pp6f k|0ffnLsf] 9fFrf tof/ kfg'{ eof] . olb xfdLn] xfd|f d08nLsf sfo{nox?
nfO{ dfGotf k|fKt cflTds j/bfgx?sf] cfwf/df e/]sf x'GYof] eg], xfdLx? k]]6/
l;4fGt4f/f l;sf/ agfOg] lyPgf}+ . clg xfdLn] a[l4sf] nflu efl/ ;Fefjgfx?
Vff]Ng ;Sg] lyof} h'g clxn] lgl:qmo e} v]/ u}/x]sf] 5 .
d08nL a[l4sf] nflu dxfgtd afwfx? DfWosf] Ps of] xf] ls d08nLx?n] ;b:ox?
nfO{ eGbf pknAwtfsf]] cfwf/df lbg] ug'{ of] s'/f /fd|f] xf]Og .
d"n ;'rLnfO{ k'/f ubf{
tL tLg k|fylds ;'rLx?n] xfdLnfO{ @) j6f k[ys j/bfgx? k|bfg ub{5g\ . ltgsf]
nflu cGo ;F:s/0fx?df k|o'Qm j}lsNks zAbx?nfO{ ug]/, xfdLn] ;f] ;FVofsf]
bO{ u'0ff ;'rL agfpg ;S5f}+ , t/ o; ljGb'df xfdL tL @) j6fl;t /xg]5f}+ .
tL tLg k|fylds ;'rLx?nfO{ x]l/;s]kl5 Pp6f s'/f tTsfn} k|i6 x'G5 tL dWo]sf]
s'g} klg ;'rL cfkm}df k'0f{ 5}g Plkm;Ldf pNn]lvt s]xL j/bfgx? /f]dLx?df
pNn]lvt 5g\, /f]dLx?sf s]xL !sf]l/GyLdf 5g\ . clg ! sf]l/GyLdf ePsf s]xL
j/bfgx? Plkm;Ldf jl0f{t 5g\ . k|i6?kn], ltgLx? k/d]Zj/n] lbg'x'g] j/bfgx?sf
k'0f{ ljj/0fkq -Catalogs_ aGg] lgotsf 5}gg\ . clg xfdLn] cg'dfg nfpg ;S5f} ls
olb tLg dWo]sf] Pp6} ;'rL klg cfkm}df k"0f{ 5}gg\ .
afOan cfkm}n] ;'lglZrt ub{5 ls of] Pp6f ;xL dfGotf xf] . slDtdf kfFr c? o:tf
j/bfgx? gofF s/f/df pNn]lvt 5g\ . ltgn] lgDg s'/fx? ;dfj]z ub{5g\ .
@!= a|Å|frfo{ -z'4tf_
@@= :j]lR5s ul/JfL
@#= zfxbft
@$= ;Tsf/
@%= pTk|]/s -Missonary colprtaer : revivalist_
d}n] :j]lR5s ul/jL / pTk|]/s ;DjGwL j/bfg -Missionary gift _ sf] af/]df
rrf{ ug{] s'/fnfO{ :ylut ug]{5' lsgeg] ltgLx? cGo ;Gbe{x?df :jefljs?kn]
cfFp5g\ . t/ o; ljGb'df d cGo tL ltg j6fx?nfO{ ;ld{kaf6 x]g{ rfxfG5' lsgeg]
ltgn] xfdLnfO{ o; 38Ldf cfjZos s]xL dxTjk"0f{ kf7x? l;sfpF5g\ .
a|Å|rfo{sf] j/bfg -;FVof @!_
sf]xL kf}9 v|Lli6ogx? ljjflxt x'G5g\, sf]xL Psn 5g\ . lglZrt g}, Psnx?
EGbf ljjflxtx? w]/} 5g\ / of] g}, k/d]Zj/n] k|i6?kdf agfpg rfxfg' ePsf] af6f]
xf] . sof+} Psn v|Lli6og kf}9\x? lglZrt?knfO{ k/d]Zj/n] a|Å|frfo{sf] lbg'ePsf]
5 . k/d]Zj/n] pgLx?nfO{ o;/L agfpg' ePsf] 5 ls pgLx? Psnf] a;]/} ltgLx?sf]
hLjgdf k/d]Zj/sf] pxfFsf] rfxgfnfO{ /fd|/L k'/f ug{ ;S5g\ .
a|Å|rfo{sf] j/bfg Tof] ljz]if v'jL xf] h'g k/d]Zj/n] v|Li6sf] z/L/sf] s]xL
;b:ox?nfO{ Psn a:g / o;}df cfglGbt x'g, cljjflxt /xg / cg'lrt of}ghGo nfex?af6
kLl8t gx'g k|bfg ug{' x'G5 .
 tkfO{ Psn x'g'x'G5 / Åbob]lv g} hfGg' x'G5 ls olb s'g} Pp6f plrt cj;/ cfkm}
cfOldn]df tTsfn} lax] ug{'x'g] lyof], To;f] xf] eg] ;Fejt, tkfO{df aÅ|frfo{sf]
j/bfg 5}g xf]nf . tkfO{ Psn} x'g'x'G5 / tkfO{sf cw'/f of}g cfj]ux?af6 cfkm}
c;fWo} lg/fz ePsf] kfpg' x'G5 eg], ;Fejt tkfO{l;t Tof] j/bfg 5}g . t/ olb oL b'j}
dWo] s'g} klg lrhn] tkfO{nfO{ ;tfPsf] b]lvb}g eg], cfglGbt x'g'xf]; tkfO{n]
cfKmgf cflTds j/bfgx? dWo]df PsnfO{ km]nf kfg{'ePsf] x'g ;S5 .
o;sf] nflu afOanLo kf7 ! sf]l/GyL & M^ df kfOG5 . oxfF kfjnn] pgsf]
cfKmg} aÅ|frfo{ cj:yfsf] af/]df rrf{ u5g{\ / o;nfO{ Pp6f rdTsf/ Pp6f cflTds
j/bfg eGb5g\ tL dlxnf / k'?ifx? hf] aÅ|frfo/L 5g\ . ltgLx? k/d]Zj/sf] cfKmgf]
dflg;x?sf] lglDt agfpg' ePsf] of]hgfsf efux? x'g, clg ltgLx?nfO{ ToxL?kdf
:jLsf/Lg' / ;Ddflgt ul/g' kb{5 .
yfxf kfO{/fVg'xf]; ls ljjflxt x'gsf] nflu of}g ;Dks{ ug{ / Pp6f kl/jf/
kfNgnfO{ s'g} vf; j/bfgx?sf] cfjZostf kb}{g . k/d]Zj/n] dfgj hfltnfO{ cFux?,
OlG4ox? / ef]sx? rfxgfx? ;lxtsf] agfO{lbg' ePsf] 5 tf ls ax';FVos dflg;x?, v|
Lli6ogx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z u/]/, ;fdfGo?kn] ljjflxt x'G5g\ / w]/}h;f] ToxL
ub{5g\ .
k|To]s j/bfg cNk;FVofdf 5 .
o;n] cflTDfs j/bfgx?;Fu ;DjlGWft Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cfd l;4fGt -general
principle_ p7fpF5 . v|Li6sf] z/L/sf w]/} ;b:ox?n] Pp6f vf; cflTDfs
j/bfgnfO{ ltgnfO{ afF8|g]x?n] eGbf, afF8\b}gg\ . w]/} v|Lli6ogx?df a|
Åfrfo{sf] j/bfg x'Fb}g of] x'g]x?sf] eGbf p;/L g}, w]/} v|Lli6ogx?df
cu'jfkgsf] j/bfg x'Fb}g, Tof] x'g]x? ;fÅ} yf]/} x'G5g\ . cudjf0fL, ;';dfrf/ k|rf/,
lzIfs, ;Tsf./ / ;Fejt M o; ;'rLdf ePsf ;j} c? j/bfgx?sf] af/]df klg Tolx s'/f nfu'
x'G5 .
kfjnn] /f]dL !@ M $ df b[9\?kdf gd'gf :yfkgf ug{' ePsf] ef}lts z/L/sf]
t'ngfn] h'g4f/f xfdLn] cflTds j/bfgx?nfO{ a'Emg' kb{5, To;n] o; s'/fnfO{ :ki6
kfb{5 . xfdL hfGb5f}+ ls xfd|f] cfKmg} z/L/sf ax'dt ;b:ox? xft xf]Ogg\ .
w]/} ;b:ox? cfFvf xf]Ogg\ . d[uf}nfx? k}tfnfx?, bfFtx? / s'lxgfx? Xf]Ogg\ h'g
x'g Tof] eGbf k/d]Zj/n] lgwf{l/t{ ug{' ePsf] 5 ls xfdLl;t b'O{ cfFvfx? 5g\, clg
of] g} pxL z/L/sf c? ;of}+ ;b:ox?sf] nflu b]Vg] sfd ug{] kof{Kt 5 . Pp6f lha|
f]n] pbf/x0fsf] nflu, x]g'{ cfjZos x'b}+g . afOann] ljz]if ul/ eGb5 ls pQm l;
+uf] z/L/ Pp6f cfFvf x'g' x'Gg, lsgeg] olb o:tf] x'Fbf] xf] t, o;n] ;'Gg / ;'3\g
;Sg] lyPg ! sf]l/GyL !@ M !)
v|Li6sf] z/L/df klg ToxL s'/f nfu' x'G5 . txNsfjfbLx? The shakers _ n] a|
Åfrfo{sf] j/bfgnfO{ ljZjJoflks/0f agpg] uNtL u/] . clg wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf]?kdf
Pp6f :jefljs d[To'j/0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?n] h}ljs a[l4nfO{ dfq x6fPgg\, t/
:yfgfGt/0f / kl/jt{g a[l4 klg pgLx?sf] nflu Pp6f b'u{d ;Fefjgfx? Kff] eof] t
ltgLx?sf] hLjg z}nLn] w]/} dflg;x?nfO{ cfsklif{t ug{ ;s]g, d'Votof lsgeg]
w]/} dflg;x?nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] To; kf/fdf agfpg' ePsf] 5}g . Sofyf]lns d080nLn]
klg k|To]s k'hf/Ln] pgLx?l;t a|Å|rfo{sf] j/bfg xf]; jf gxf]; pgLx? Psn a:g kg{]
dfu u/]/ j/bfgx? ;DjGwL Pp6f u}/ afOanLo Jofjxf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 .
of] lgZsif{ lgsfNg plrt 5 ls pQm z/L/sf] %) k|ltzt eGbf sd efu s'g} Pp6f vf;
j/bfg x'g'kg{] cfzf ul/g' k5{ . d]/f] ljrf/ of] 5 ls tL k|ltztx? DfWo]sf] w]/} h;f]
%) k|ltzt eGbf klg sd cfpg] 5g\ . d}n] k|rf/sx?sf] j/bfg ;DjGWfdf s]xL
cg';Gwfgx? Uf/]sf] 5' ls pQm cfFs8f !) k|ltzt eGbf klg sd 5 . pTk|]/sx?sf]
j/bfg ! k|ltzt 5 / cGt/ljlGtsf] % k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . yk cg';Gwfgx?n] cGo
j/bfgx?sf] af/]df cg'kft kQf nfUg] 5 .
a|Årf/Lkgsf kmfObfx?
Af|Åfrf/Lkgsf] j/bfg k|fKt k'?ifx? / dlxnfx?;Fu 7'nf] k}dfgdf kmfObfx?
x'G5g\ . kfjnn] ! sf]l/GyLsf] & df oL s'/fx?df hf]8 lbG5g\ . pgn] pbfx/0fsf]
nflu, sxfF pNn]v ub{5g\ ls a|Åfrf/Lkgsf] j/bfg kfPsf v|Lli6ogx?n] jf:tljs ?kd}
tL j/bfg gkfPsfx?n] eGbf /fd|/L k|e'sf] ;]jf ug{ ;Sb5g\ lsgeg] ltgLx?n] s;/L
ltgLx?sf >Ldfg jf >LdtL jf kl/jf/nfO{ l/emfpg] xf] elg lrGtf ug{' kb}{g .
x]g'xf]; ! sf]l/FyL & M #@ #$ _ of] s'/f d}n] d]/f] cfKmg} cg'ejdf ;To ePsf]
kfPsf] 5' . of] s'/f d}n] hf]g :s6 hf] xfd|f] hdfgfsf] cf}wL cfb/0fLo afOan
lzIfsx?, n]vgx? / v|Lli6og g]tfx? dWo]sf] Ps x'g'x'G5, pxfF;Fu ldqtf ljsl;t
u/]b]lvotf c? :ki6 ePsf] hf]g :s6 / d}n] nfp;fg] sldl6 km/
jN8{ OefGh]nfO{h]zgsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltdf sof+} aif{;Dd ;]jf u¥of}, To;}n]
xfdLn] ljZjsf ljeGg efux?df af/Djf/ e]63f6 u¥of}, Ps csf{;Fusf] ;FutL dgfof}
+ / kf/:kfl/s kmfObfsf sof|} If}qx? AfFf8r'8 u¥of} .
Hff]g :s6;Fu a|Åfrf/Lkgsf] j/bfg 5, of] d]/f] nflu ljz]if ?rLsf] ljifo ePsfn],
d}n] pxfFn] tL d h:tf, gePsfx?n] eGbf Hofbf kmfObfx? ef]u u/]sf] b]v]sf]
cjnf]sg u/]sf] 5' . Pp6f s'/fsf] nflu, d}n] ofqf ul//x]sf] a]nfdf 3/df kmf]g ug{]
jfgL j;fn]sf] 5' . olb d}n] cTolws ;do ofqf/t cj:yfdf latfpF5' eg], d}n]
o;nfO{ bofn'kf/fsf], t/ b[9, z}nLx?df ;'G5[' . ha d 3/df x'G5', d}n] d]/f]
kl/jf/;Fu ljtfpgnfO{ ;do lgsfNg] s'/fdf pRr k|fyldstf lbG5' . d ;fFemsf] vfgf
3/df vfg], zl/jf/x?df 3/ / cfug jl/kl/ sfd ub}{ / lbgx'F v]ns'b / c? dgf]/~hgsf]
nflu aflx/ lg:sg] of]hgf agfpF5' . h'ga]nf ;Fej x'G5, 8f]l/; dl;t ofqf ul5{g .
xfdLn] xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/Lx? / gftLgftLgfx?nfO{ e]6\g ljz]if ;dox? 5'§ØfpF5f}+ .

Hf'g a]nf d cfKmgf] a9\b} u/]sf] lj:tfl/t kl/jf/sf] x]/rfx ug{ Jo:t x'G5' ,
hf]g :66 csf{] k':ts n]lv/x]sf, csf]{ ;Dd]ngsf] of]hgf agfO/x]sf, csf]{ efif0f
tof/ ul//x]sf jf csf]{ Pp6f b]ztkm{ e|d0ffy{ u}/x]sf x'G5g\ . s'g} cfZro{ 5}g ls
d pxfFsf ;flxlTos pTkfbg -out put _ ;+u} ultlng] j]nfdf glhs cfpg ;Sb}g .
pxfFn] olt w]/} lstfax? Nf]Vg' ePsf] 5 ls s]xL v|li6og k':ts e08f/x?n] Pp6f
ljz]if hf]g :66sf] ¥ofs 5 .
 Ss] d hf]g :66nfO{ Oiof{ u5{' t < slQ klg xf]Og . olb d}n] u/]sf] x'Fbf] x'F
t, afOann] cflTds j/bfgx?sf] af/]df h] l;sfpF5 To;k|lt d c;To 7xg]{ 5' . hf]gn]
v|Lli6ogx?sf] lgdf{0f / ljZjnfO{ ;';dfrf/ ;'gfpg] sfo{k|lt k'¥ofpg' ePsf]
of]ubfgsf] nflu d}n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ k'Ubf] / kof{Kt wGofjfb lbg ;Sb}g . clg d
lg < d}n] Ps ;oj6f ljz]if k]6/ jfUg/sf] ¥ofssf] nflu d]/f] >LdtL / 5f]/f5f]/Lx?
nfO{ Jofkf/ ug{] 5}g . jf:tjdf d;Fu a|Å|frfo{kgsf] j/bfg gePsf]n], d
lgZrotfsf] ;fy :jLsf/ ub{5' ls d]/f] >LdtL / d]/f] cl:tTjsf] nflu h} of]ubfg u/]]ls
5g\ , Tof] ljgf, k|e'sf] nflu d}n] ug{ vf]h]sf] sfo{ Pp6f dxfsl7gfO{ jf
-dxfdf/L_ x'g] lyof] .
cWofo b'O{df j0f{g ul/Psf] j/bfg lj:tf/ -Gift projection_ sf] df]x tL a|
Årfo{kgsf] j/bfg k|fKtx?sf] aLrdf jf/Djf/ -b]vf kl//xGg_ bf]xf]l/Gg . o;sf]
Psbd ;ldkdf cfPsf a|Å|frf/L h;sf] af/]df d ;r]t 5' pxfF k|]l/t kfjn x'g'x'G5 . !
sf]l/GyL & df, cfkm} Psn a;]/ kfPsf] kmfObfx?sf] af/]df kfjn w]/]} pT;flxt
x'G5g\ k|df0fx?n] b]vfpFb5g\ ls To; a]nf pgL Pp6f ljb'/ lyP, sof}+ afOan
;DjGwL lj4fgx?sf] cg';f/ pgL eG5g\ “d cfzf u5{ ls ;a} dflg;x? d h:t} xf]Og”
kb & . t/ To;kl5, kljq cfTdfsf] k|]/0ffdf, pgn] cfkm}nfO{ kqmfp ub{5 / l5§}
g} eGb5g\ ls of] Pp6f cflTDfs j/bfg xf] elg pgL hfGb5g\ .
A|fÅ|frf/Lkgsf] csf]{ Ps kIfnfO{ yfxf kfO/fVg' cfjZos 5 a|Å|frf/Lkg tL
b'O{ j/bfgx? h'g PSn} pleg ;Sb}gg\ dWosf] Ps xf] . Tof] csf]{ rfFxL pTk]|/s
ldzg/L sf] j/bfg xf], h'g kl5 rrf{ ul/g]
5 . csf]{ zAbdf, hlt;'s} cljjflxt} /x] klg vf; d'No x'Gg, olb ToxfF ;a lrh o;} x'g'
kg]{ vfnsf] 5 eg] -In other words, nomerit exists whatsoever in being
unmarried if that is all there is to it _ cljjflxt /xgfn] Pp6f dflg; jf
dlxnfnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] h] hlt j/bfg jf ldl>t j/bfgx? lbg'x'G5 To;nfO{ c? k|
efjsf/L?kn] k|of]u ug{ pQm JolQmnfO{ cg'dlt lbPsf]
x'g'k5{ . of] s'/f ;w}+ pQm JolQmnfO{ ;]jsfO{nfO{ k'/f ug{ s] s'/fn] ;xof]u
ub{5 To;sf] k|sfzdf a'lemg' / k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 .
zfxbftsf] j/bfg -;FVof @#_
oBlk ! sf]l/GyL !# d'Notof k|]dsf] af/]df lnlvt cWofosf] ?kdf lrlgP klg, o;df
cflTds j/bfgx?sf] b'O{ ;FlIfKt ;'rLx? Klg 5 x]g'{xf]; kbx? ! #, * . ltgLx?dWo]
w]/} h;f] cWofo !@ af6 l6lkPsf / bf]xf]¥ofOPsf x'g, t/ b'O{6f ul/jL / zfxbft
;f] ;'rLdf cltl/Qm x'g . zfxbftnfO{ oL zAbx?df cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 “oBlk d}n]
d]/f] z/L/nfO{ hnfpg lbPF” -kb #_
zfxbftsf] j/bfg eg]sf] s] xf] < km]/L d 7§fsf] ?kdf em§ eGb5' ls of] tkfO{n]
Ps kN6 dffq k|of]u ug{'x'g] j/bfg xf] . t/ ;fFlRr g} of] s'/f s]jn cfiyfsf] vflt/
dg{' eGbf a[xb 5 . of] ;f:tL ef]ufO{ / d[To' k|ltsf] Pp6f k|ljlt xf] h'g Psbd}
c:jefljs x'G5 cfTDf ;F/If0fsf] nflu dfgj sfg'g\sf] cfGtl/s lgdf0f{ -inbuilt_ v|
Lli6og nufot u}/ v|Lli6og, ;a} dflg;x? dWo] w]/} h;f]sf] rl/lqms ljz]iftf
xf] . ;fwf/0f v|Lli6ogn] ;tffj6 ;f:tL ef]ufO{, oftgf jf xTof ul/Psf] h:tf ;f]rx?
nfO{ :jfut ub{}g . w]/} h;f]]n] o;nfO{ o:tf] xf]nf ls eg]/ ;f]Rg]5g\ . t/ pgLx?
n] cjZo} g} o;nfO{ :jfut gubf{ x'g / ltgLx?n] o;nfO{ kG5fpg x/;Dej k|of;
ubf{ x'g . zfxbftsf] j/bfg Pp6f ljz]if Ifdtf xf] h'g k/d]Zj/n] v|Li6sf] z/L/sf]
vf; ;b:ox?nfO{ cfiyfsf] vflt/ ;f:tL vKg / :yL/?kn] pNnf; o'Qm / ljhoL Jofxf/ k|
bz{g ul//xFbf d[To' ;d]t ef]Ug eg]/ lbg' ePsf] 5 h;n] k/d]Zj/k|lt dlxdf
NofpF5 .
h'g a]nf d[To' cjZoeflj 5, t/ o;af6 hf]lug ;Fej klg ePsf] x'G5, zfxbftsf] j/bfg
k|fKt JolQmn] To;a]nf ;f:tL ef]Ug / d[To' j/0fnfO{ r'Gg ;S5 . tL v|Lli6ogx?
hf] ;Fu c? j/bfgx? 5g\ / of] ;f]Rb5g\ ls k/d]Zj/n] ltgLx?nfO{ ltgsf] lg/Gt/ k|
of]u u/]sf] rfxfg'x'G5, t/ zfxbftsf] j/bfg 5}g, To:tfn] k|fo{h;f] efUg dg k/fpg]
5g\ .
of] vf; kl/l:ytL xfn} d]/f lk|o ldq km]:6f] lse]Gh]/ ;fd' :jo+ cfkm} b]vf
k¥of], hf] To; avt n';fg] sld6L km/ jN8 OefGh]nfOh]zgdf ;;xkf7L
x'g'x'GYof] . o'uf08fdf ObL cldgsf] cftFssf] zf;gsfndf km:6 lse]Gh]/ Pp6f
Plnsg cFu|]hL, rr{sf] sfo{If]qdf ljzk x'g'x'GYof] . !(&&, pgn] cfKmgf] cfjfh
lj/f]w ub}{ p7fP ha cldgn] pgsf] lk|o ldq / cfs{ ljzk, hgfgL n'j'dsf], xTof
ug{ cfb]z lbP . kmn:j?k, lse]Gh]/ cldgsf] k|xf/sf] ;'rLdf pRr :yfkgf /flvP . pgL
/ pgsf] >LdtLn] pgLx?df zfxbftsf] j/bfg, gePsf] lg0f{o u/] clg cfKmgf lhpm
hf]ufpg efu] . /f}+ lhl/Ë agfpg] efufO{sf] ;f] syf ljzk lse]Gh]/sf] dfld{s k':ts,
d Olb cldgnfO{ k|]d u5'{ ,-I love Idi Amin _@ df elgPsf] 5 . pgLx?
;Fo'Qm /fHotkm{ uP . hxfF km]:6f] lse]Gh]/nfO{ k/d]Zj/4f/f k|b{Q tL k|
f]T;fxg / ;';dfrf/ k|rf/jfbsf c:jefljs j/bfgx? k/d]Zj/sf] /fHo / ljzk ;';dfrf/Ls/0fsf]
vflt/ lse]Gh]/n] :jefljs d[To'j/0f gu?Gh]n;Dd ;'/lIft ul/Psf lyP .

kfFr pTk]|/s zlxbx? Five Missonary Martyrs

xfn}dfq d}n] zfxbftsf] j/bfgnfO{ k'0f{?kn] k|zF;f ug{ k'u]sf] 5' . ha d]/f]
>LdtL 8f]l/;, clg d klxnf] kN6 ldzg/Lsf]?kdf !(%^ df af]lnleofdf uof}+,
xfdLx? zflGtofuf] 8] lrSjLtf];sf] To; ;fgf] lrSjLtfgf] Ol08og ufFpdf /f]lsP/
a;]sf lyof}+ . o; ufpFaf6, !# jif{ klxNo} kfFr hgf gofF hflto ldzg/Lx? cof]/
ef/tLo hflt;Fu ;Dks{ ug{ hFuntkm{ clu a9] clg To;kl5 km]/L slxNo} b]lvPsf
lyPgg\ .
xfd|f jl/i7 ldzg/L, hh{xfO6nfO{ To; If]q / tL dflg;x?sf] af/]df c? lj/nfsf]6L
dflg;x? h:t} yfxf lyof] . pxfFn] tL gofF hfltsf sljnfx?sf ldzg/Lx?nfO{ eGg'
ePsf] lyof], olb ltdLx?n]] aGb's lnP/ uPgf} eg], ltdLx? LhpFb} kms{g] 5}gf}
pgLx?n] hjfkm lbP ls pgLx?n] ;fydf cfUg]of:q Firearms_ af]s]/ hfg'eGbf
k/d]Zj/sf] dlxdfsf] vflt/ cfkm'x? d[To'nfO{ r'Gg tof/
lyP . of] Pp6f Ifl0fs lg0f{osf] pRrf/0f lyPg . d}n] pgLx?sf] hLjgLx?
lr7Lkqx? / ltgLx?sf kqklqsfx?df k|sflzt n]vx? CWoog ug{] lgwf] u/], lsgeg]
d}n] tL cof]/x?;Fu ;Dks{ :yfkgf e};s]/ pgLx?nfO{ ;';dfrf/ >jl0ft u/fO{/x]sf]
sof}+ jif{kl5 tL cof]/x? ;DjlGw Pp6f k':ts n]Vg nfu]sf] lyPF . klxn] d}n] tL
kfFr hgfx?n] zxLb k|]d “Martyr complex” af6 kLl8t ePsf] xtkt] / ckl/kSs
lgZsif{ lgsfn] . d clxn] a'Emb5' ls pgLx? / pgLx?sf >LdtLx?n] ;'Gb/td ?kn]
Pp6f cflTDfs j/bfgsf] cEof; ul//x]sf lyP . ltgLx?sf] syf atfpg] Tof] k':tsn] h'g
tL ljwjfx? DfWo]sf Psaf6 n]lvPsf] lyfof] ., zfxbftsf] j/bfgo'Qm dflg;x?sf] k|
j[ltnfO{ /fd|/L cleJoQm ub{5 . k/d]Zj/n] kfFrj6f ljpx? 5g{' eof] . To; k':tssf]
gfd lyof] .#
To;sf] ljkl/t, hh{ xfO6;Fu zfxbftsf] j/bfg lyPg . pgsf] gLlt ;w}+ aGb'sx?
lnO/xg] / olb cfjZos k/] ltgsf] k|of; klg ug{] lyof] . tL x/fO{/x]sf kfFr hgfx?
sf] vf]hL ug{ c;kmn cleofgx? DfWo] Psdf tL cof]/x?n] xfO6 / pgsf]
bnnfO{ Pp6f h+un o'4df ;FnUg u/fP clg xfO6n] cfTd/Iffsf] nflu uf]nL rnfP/
Pp6f Ol08ognfO{ df/]sf lyP .$ pgn] dnfO{ kl5 atfP ls pgnfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] ;du|
cy{tGqdf ljZjf; lyof], pgsf] hLjg c? cfpFbf] @) jif{x? ;Dd tL cof]/x?sf] eGbf
d"Nojfg 7xl/g] lyof] . k/d]Zj/n] pgnfO{ cflzif lbg' ePsf] 5 . pgL / pgsf]
>LdtL, x]n]g ;]jf ;xof]ux?, k|zf;g / pTk|]/0ff -Missionary _sf j/bfgx?sf]
lg:jfy{ cEof;sf] nflu pQm If]qsf dflg;x?4f/f cfbl0fotf;fy k|]d ul/Psf lyP . pgL
k|fs[lts sf/0fn] !(&* df
d/] .
h]?;]ndsf] rr{sf :6]kmgn] Pp6f zlxbsf] d[To'j/0f u/] . pgL;Fu zfxbtsf] j/bfg
lyof] jf lyPg eGg] ljifodf xfdL;Fu k|of{Kt k|df0fx? 5}gg\ , oBlk pgsf] cflv/L
egfO{x? “x] k|e', of] kfksf] bf]if pgnfO{ gnfuf]; .” -k|]l/t & M ^)_ pgL;Fu
Tof] s'/f ePsf] ;Fs]t lbG5 . t/ xfdLx?nfO{ yfx} 5 ls pgsf] d[To'sf] kl/0ffd
h'lbof, ;fdl/of / PlG6cf]lvofdf /x]sf cGohfltx?dfem d08nLsf] a[l4n] lta|td ult
lng'df eof] .
slt k|ltzt ljZjf;Lx?df zfxbftsf] j/bfgx? x'G5 eg]/ d eGg ;Sb}g . tyflk, of]
xfdLn] ;f]r]sf] hlt eGbf a9L x'g ;S5 . 8]lj8 a]/]6sf] cg';Gwfgn] atfpF5 ls
xfn;fn} nueu #)),))) v|Lli6ogx?n] ltgLx?sf ljZjf;sf] nflu ltgLx?sf Hofg
u'dfpFb5g\ . clg zfxbftsf] j/bfgo'Qm sof}+ JolQmx?n] vf;df slxNo} klg
cfKmgf Hofgx? u'dfpFb}gg, t/ dxfg vt/fx?sf kl/l:yltdf ltgLx?n] lg8/tfk"j{s /
kmnbfoL k|sf/n] s'g} u'gf;fx? gu/L ;]jsfO{ ub{5g\ .
;Tsf/sf] j/bfg -;FVof @$_ [The Gift of Hospitality
Number 24]
;Tsf/sf] j/bfgsf] nflu afOanLo kf7 clnslt c:ki6 -imprecise_ 5 . ! kq'; $
M( n] eGb5, “jgf ugug Pp6fn] csf{]sf] ;Tsf/ u/” clg !) kbn] tTsfn} cflTDfs
j/bfgx?sf] af/]df af]Nb5 . oL b'O{ kbx?sf]] ;ldk cjl:ylt -Juxtaposition _
nfO{ JofVof ug{] Pp6f j}wflgs tl/sf of] xf] ls ;Tsf/sf] pkof]lutfnfO{ kb ( df
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 clg “h;/L g}” eGg] zAb k|of]u ul/ bz kbl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 tf ls
 o;sf] efjfg'jfb ;Tsf/kgsf] k|of]u ;a} v|Lli6ogx?n] c? s'g} cflTDfs j/bfg kfP
h;/L g} u/ eGg] b]lvGf cfpF5 .
olb o;n] ;f] kf7nfO{ nDAofpg] b]lvG5 eg], d ;'emfj lbG5' ks
;Tsf/nfO{ cflTds j/bfgsf] ?kdf ;'rLj4 ul/g' kb{5 . d}n] l5§} g} o; l;4fGtsf] c?
lrq0fx? lbg]5' . t/ Tolx;dodf, ;Tsf/sf] cy{ ckl/lrtx?sf] k|]d x'G5 / s]xL
dflg;x?;Fu s'g} z+sf ljgf o;f] ug{] ljz]if Ifdtf x'G5, k/d]Zj/sf] dlxdf / d08nLsf]
a[l4sf] vflt/ d lkmlNfgsf] kl/efiffsf] efjfg'jfb ug{ ?rfpF5' .
;Tsf/sf] j/bfg Tof] ljz]if v'jL xf] h'g k/d]Zj/n] v|Lli6sf] z/L/sf vf; ;b:ox?nfO{
tL vfgf / af;sf] vfFrf] k/]sfx?nfO{ v'nf 3/ / Gofgf] :jfut pknAw u/fpg lbg'
x'G5 .
tL j/bfg ePsfx?;Fu Tof] Ifdtf dfq x'Gg, t/ pgLx?n] o;f] ug{ dg klg k/fpF5g\ .
oBlk xfdLx?dWo] ;f] j/bfg gePsfx?nfO{ c:jefljs nfUg ;S5, ;Tsf/sf] j/bfg
o'Qm dflg;x? PSn} a:g eGbf 3/df kfx'gfx? ePsf]df emg v'zL x'G5g\ of]
Pp6f ;fk]If?kn] yf]/}nfO{ lbOPsf] cnf}lss Ifdtf xf] . w]/} h;f] dflg;x? hf]l;t
;f] j/bfg x'Fb}g ltgn] aflx/sf dflg;x?nfO{ ltgLx?sf 3/ j/k/ ljgf k|of]hg ePsf]
b]VgnfO{ Pp6f kl5 x6fO{ / kmh'n sfdsf] ?kdf kfpF5g\ g ls /fd|f];+u g]t[Tj
ul/Psf] e]63f6sf] ?kdf .
uj{eGbf klxn] ;Tsf/ Hospitality Before Pride
pgL;+u ;Tsf/sf] j/bfg 5 eGg] yfxf kfP ls Ps JolQm sf/]g d]Og; Karen Mains_
x'g, h;sf] >Ldfg, 8]lj8 d]Og; pgsf] /]l8of] k|zf/0f xfjfsf] ;Dd]ngsf] lglDt k|lz4
-lr/klrt_ 5g\ . sf/]g d]ogn] ;Tsf/sf] af/]df Pp6f k':ts n]v]sL l5g\, h;sf] gfd xf],
v'nf Åbo, v'nf u[x,.^ pQm ljifodf k|sflzt Pp6f n]vdf pgn] elG5g “;fFrf]
cfltYotf kljqcfTdfsf] Ps j/bfg xf] .” clg pgn] “Åbob]lv Åbo;Ddsf] ;Fof]hgsf]”
nflu cnf}lss ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] JofVof ul5{g . o; j/bfg ePsf] dflg;sf] d'ndGq
“uj{eGbf klxn] ;Tsf/ xf]” / dflg;x?n] k|fo{h;f] o;sf] k|df0f o:tf 3/x?df k|j]z
ug{]a]nf lrGb5g\ .
ha kfx'gfx? cfdflGqt x'G5g\, ;Tsf/sf] j/bfg gePsf dflg;x?n] x/]s lrhx?
nfO{ l7s 7fpFdf ePsf], b/Lx? ;kmf kmlg{r/x?sf w'nf] k'l5Psf], v]nf}gfx? /
kqklqsfx? l6lkPsf tfhf sfl6Psf kmnx? 6]jndf d}gaQL, clg vfgf s]xL ljz]if
vfnsf], l7s lsl;dn] tof/ kfl/Psf] / kl:sPsf] rfxfG5g\ . of] ToxL z}nL xf] h'g
k6Ss} x]/km]/ ljgf nfu' x'G5 . ha 8f]l/; / d;+u kfx'gfx? cfpg'x'G5, pbfx/0fsf]
nflu OdfGbfl/tfk'j{s eGbf, xfdL Pp6f ;kmf, /fd|/L ;hfOPsf] 3/ dg k/fpF5f}+ /
xfd|f kfx'gfx?n] o;nfO{ xfdLNf] xfdLnfO{ ;jf{]td / ;jf{]Ts[i6 nfu]sf] ?kdf
x]/]sf]
rfxfG5f}+ . x'g ;S5 of] Ps k|sf/sf] “cfltTo eGbf uj{ klxn] xf] .”
t/ hf] JolQmx?;+u cfltYosf] j/bfg x'G5, pgLx?n] o;nfO{ xfdLn] h;/L g}
lnGgg\ . sf/]g d]Og;n] pgL s;/L Pp6L dlxnfnfO{ cfKMmgf cWofF/f] sf]7fx?
leq :jfut ug{ ;Ifd l5g / pgn] cfKmgf] cltyLnfO{ Ifdfofrgf ;lxt cFufnf] xfNg
c:jLsf/ ul5{g\ eg]/ atfpFl5g\ pgn] o;nfO{ pTyfgdo upliting _ kfpFl5g\ . clg
k':tsx? / n]vx?df o;nfO{ /fd|/L a0f{g ul5{g .

xfdL tL v|Li6sf] z/L/df ePsfx? Hff];+u cfltYotfsf] j/bfg 5}g lgZro g} hf] ;+u
of] j/bfg 5 pxfFx?k|lt wGofjfbL 5f}+ . on furlough pTk|]/sx?sf] ?kdf, d]/f]
kl/jf/ / d af/Djf/ v|Lli6og ;fyLx?sf] 3/df x'GYof}+ hf] ;+u cfltYosf] j/bfg
lyof] . clnslt cg'ej u/]kl5, xfdLn] tL 3/kltx?;Fu pQm j/bfg ePsf] jf gePsf] s'/f
tTsfn} eGg ;Sb}gf}+ . xfdLnfO{ jf/Djf/ x]/rfx ug{] pTs[i6 hf]l8x? dWo]sf
Ps a]n] Soflnkmf]lgofsf u|]g / 8l/g] d}g lyP . h'ga]nf xfdLx? pxfFx?sf] 3/df
x'GYof}+, xfdLnfO{ cfKmg} 3/df ePem}+ nfUYof] . lsgeg] pxfFx?l;t
cfltYosf] j/bfg lyof], clg lsgeg] To:tf] j/bfgo'Qmx?n] ltgLx?sf] cfuGt'sx?
sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ ;w}+ cfKmgf] pRrtd k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf x'g] x'gfn], tL d}gx?
Pp6f cj;/df d af]lnleofaf6 s]xL j]/sf] nflu 3/df cfpFb}5'\ eGg] yfxf kfPkl5
aflx/ uP/ Pp6f sf/ lsg]5g\ . ha d xjfO{hxfhaf6 cf]n]{, pgLx?n] Tof] sf/sf]
;fFrf] dnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/] . ltgLx?n] d km]/L af]lnleofsf] nflu k|:yfg ul/;s]kl5
dfq Tof] sf/nfO{ pgLx? cfkm}sf] lglDt k|of]u ug{ z'? u/] . xfdL;+u c? sof}
+ ;fyLx? x'g'x'G5, olQs} 3lgi6 / olQs} ;dlk{t v|Lli6ogx? / olQs} g} ldzg/Lx?
k|lt ;xof]uL, h:n] o:tf sfo{x? slxNo} ug{] lyPgg\ xf]nf gt pgLx?n] o;f] ug{]
cfzf g} ul/GYof] xf]nf . ltgLx?;+u c? j/bfgx? 5g\ h'g u|]g / Ol/g] d}Gf;+u
5}gg\ . ltgLx? ;a pQm z/L/nfO{ cfjZos k5{g_ .
cfltYosf] j/bfg o:tf] ;'Gb/ j/bfg ePsf] x'gfn] clg olt OdfGbf/Ltf;fy k|zFl;t
x'g] x'gfn], hf] ;+u of] x'G5 pgLx?n] j/bfg lj:tf/ Gift proection_ af6 hf]lug'
h?/L 5 . d}n] Ps k6s l:jhNofo08sf] Pn cj/L L Abri sf] e|d0f u/]sf] 5' hxfF k|
mflG;; / Pl8y :sfOkm/n] ;d:ofu|:t v|Lli6ogx?sf] nflu cflTDfs gljs/0f ug{] Ps
crDdsf] s]G4 ;~rfng ul//x]sf lyP . Pp6f cfltYokgsf] jftfj/0f k|To]s s'gfaf6 k|
jflxt e}/x]sf] lyof] . TofxfF . ha d ToxfF cfO{k'u], tTsfn} d}n] yfxf kfFP ls
tL b'O{hgf dWo] Ps;+u cjZo} klg cfltYokgsf] j/bfg x'g'k5{ .
ta d}n] kl5Nnf lbgx?df Pl8y :sfO{km]/4f/f jt{dfgdf O{;fO{wd{df k|sflzt
Pp6f n]v k9] h;df pgn] cfltYokg k|lt pgsf] ?v j0f{g u/]ls l5g\ .* befUo{jz To;
n]vn] pgL;+u k/d]Zj/af6 pgn] h] ul//x]ls x'lG5g Tof] ug{ ljz]if ;xof]u x'G5
eg]/ pgn] :jLsfb{l5g\ eGg] bzf{pFgYof] . ;f] n]vsf] lzif{s “cfltYokg :j]lR5s
kf cfb]lzs <”n] Tof] :j/ p/fNbYofo] . ha d}n] k9\b} uPF, dnfO{ nfUof] pgL
j/bfg lj:tf/df ;FnUg e}O/x]sf] x'g ;lS5g, of] ;Nnfx lb+b} ls c? v|Lli6ogx? hf]
h;n] Pn ca/L k|sf/sf] cfltYo b]vfpg ;Sb}gg\ ltgLx? jrgsf] kfngf / >f]tfx? dfqf
xf]Og x'g g;Sg] x'G5g\, h:tf] ls pgn] pNn]v ul5{g . olb dnfO{ cflTds
j/bfgx? ;DjlGWf yfxf x'GYof] eg] d}n] d]/f ljrf/x?sf] af/]df unt k|sf/n]
;f]Rbf] x'F .
;fF:s[lts k"jf{u|xx?
 gofF s/f/sf] ;dodf /f]dg ;fd|/fHodf d08nLx?sf] a[l4 ef/Ldfqfdf
cfltYokgdf lge{/ lyof] .( cfltYokgsf] cEof; Ps ;fFs[lts k|0ffnL lyof], ofqf
ug{]x? ;a}sf] nflu cfjZos h:tf] tL v|Lli6og pTk|]/sx?n] u/]em}+ . of] cfhsf]
df]6]nx? bf]6]nx? xh{sf/x? / cd]l/sg PS;k|]; sf8{x? h:tf oftfotsf cj:yfb]lv stf
xf] stf km/s lyof] . ha d ;Dd]ngx?sf] nflu ofqf u5{', d}n] xf]6]ndf Psn sf]7fsf]
nflu ofqf u5{' . s;}sf] 3/df a:g] af/]df ;FnUg ;f/f dfux? Df]/f] zlQmsf] Pp6f
cToflws ;'Vvfkg x'g, jf axfj drain _ / xfd|f] cd]/LsL ;F:s[ltdf cgfjZos s'/f xf] .
ha d ;d'G4kf/ x'G5', To;f] ePtf klg, of] Pp6f km/s syf x'G5 . t];|f] ljZjsf sof}
+ ;F:s[ltx? xfd|f] ;Fo'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] eGbf k|yd ztfAbLsf] /f]dg ;fd|/fHosf]
;F:s[lt;+u lgs6 5g\ . clg ToxfF d08nLx?sf] a[l4sf] nflu cfltYokgsf] c? a9L
cfjZostf x'G5 . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 s]xL cflTDfs j/bfgx?sf] ljt/0f;+u ;fF:s[lt k'jf{u|
x x'G5 / xfdLn] k'j{3f]lift ?kn], pbfx/0fsf] nflu, gfOh]l/ofdf ;Fo'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sfdf eGbf pRr k|ltzt v|Lli6ogx?df cfltYosf] j/bfg ljlxg dflg;x?df kfx'gfx?
nfO{ t[Kt kfg]{ rfxgf xfdLn] xfd|f] oGqjt cf} JolQmjfbL ;F:s[ltdf ug{] rfx
eGbf Hofbf
x'G5 . k|yd ztfAbLdf, ljZfkx?,/ ljwjfx?nfO{ vf;df cfltly ;Tsf/ ug{df ;xof]Uo
x'g' kg{] cfzf ul/Psf] lyof] . x]g'{xf]; ! ltdf]yL # M @, %M !) _
cfhsf] cd]l/sfdf d08nLsf] a[l4sf] nflu cfltYokg pkof]uL x'G5 . ha -!
_ ;';dfrf/Lo afÅo kx'Fr ;';dfrf/ ;DjGwL afOan cWoogx? Hf'g 3/3/}df hd36
x'G5g\ To;sf] jl/kl/ rSs/ dfl//x]sf] 5, clg -@_ d08nL ;]jsfO{sf] bz{gn] u[xsf]if
;d'xx?nfO{F h:t} sof}+ w]/} ;kmn a[l4 e}/x]sf d08nLx? ;Fo'Qm /fHodf k|
bz{g cfltYosf] j/bfgnfO{ d08nLsf ;fdflhs 36gfx?df lglxt ;'ljwfx?df cyjf
cfOtjf/ ljxfgsf clejfbg stf{x?4f/f /fd|/L k|of]fu ul/g ;lsG5 .
s] afOandf ;a} j/bfgx? pNn]lvt 5g\ t <
tL tLg k|fylds ;'rLx? DfWo] s'g} klg cfkm}df k"0f{ gePsf] x'gfn], / tL
tLg ;'rLx? Ps;fy} k"0f{gePsf]n], afOandf pNn]lvt ;a} @% j6f j/bfgx? klg
k"0f{ x'g g;Sg] lgZsif{ lgsfNg' plrt b]lvG5 .
To;;Fu ;xdt x'g] c? sof}+ lj4fgx?sf sfo{x? af/]df k9]kl5 d k|kmlNnt ePsf]
lyP+ . pgLx?n] rf/j6f j/bfgx?sf] pNn]v u5{g, h'g pgLx?n] yKg ;Nnfx lbG5g\,
t/ ltgLx?nfO{ d gyKg] eg]/ 5fg]sf] 5', gfdut?kdf M l;k bIftf jrg afF8\g],
n]Vg] / ;+lut . t/ d}n] c? b'O{6fnfO{ yKg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5', . d km]/L eG5',
ltgLx? j/bfgx? x'g eGg] hgfpg] vfn]sf] afOansf kbx? p4/0f ug{] d}n] ;Sg]
ePsf]n] xf]Og, t/ d08nL hLjg -Church Life _ ;]jsfO{ ;DjlGw d]/f] k|ToIf
cg'ejdf cfwfl/t ko{j]If0f -empirical observation _ n] ;f] lg0f{otkm{ bf]xf]
¥ofpF5 .
tL x'g @^= cGt/ ljGtL,
@&= 5'6\sf/f -emf/km's_
ha d}n] cflTDfs j/bfgx? ;DjlGw v'nf lsgf/o'Qm ljlw dg k/fpF5' eGg'sf]
cy{ oxL xf] . d oxfF nrstf ePsf] b]Vg rfxfG5' . d}n] sof}+ bf];|f ljrf/x?
lnOPsf] 5', pbfx/0fsf] nflu d]/f] @& j/bfgx?sf] ;'rLaf6 ;+utLnfO{ ;dfj]z
gug{] af/]df d]/f df}lns sf/0fx? vf;} c;n lyPgg\ . olb d}n]
38Lsf] ;'O{nfO{ pN6f] 3'dfpg ;Sbf] x'F t, dnfO{ nfU5 d}n] ;+utLsf]
j/bfgnfO{ @* cf}+ uGtLdf /fVbf] xF' . t/ o; k':ts klxnf] rf]6L !% jif{ cl3 k|
sflzt ePb]lv otf sof+} k':tsx?, n]vx? CWoog ;xfosx? / j/bfg clj:sf/ k':tsx? ;f]
ljifodf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\, To;sf/0f ;f] ;'rLnfO{ clxn] km]/abn ug{' cljj]sL sfd xf]
h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . clg ;f] ljifodf of] d]/f] bf];|f] v/fj lg0f{o x'g ;Sg] s'/fdf
hf]8 lbg d lxrlsrfpGg .

Pp6f gfdx?sf] j/bfg <

xfn;fn} d}n] csf{] c:jefljs j/bfg kQf nufPF, h;nfO{ “gfdx?sf] j/bfg”
eGg ;lsG5
xf]nf . nf]rg ju{ elh{lgofsf] k|lz4 yf]d;/f]8 JofKtLi6 rr{sf] cu'jf, h]/L kmnj]n,
sof}+ lsl;dn] c;fwf/0f x'g'x'G5 . Pp6f s'/f s] eg], pxfFn] cfKmgf] d08nLsf !
^,))) ;b:ox? dWo w]/} h;f]sf] gfd hfGg ;Sg' x'G5 . pgL csf{] ;x/df af]Ng
;Sg'x'G5, Ps jif{kl5 kms]{/ ToxL+ hfg ;Sg' x'G5 clg cfkm'n] e]6]sf tL dWo
w]/} e]6]sf dflg;x?nfO{ gfpF4f/f ;Flemg ;Sg' x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5, “d}n]
o;sf] nflu k/d]Zj/nfO{ h; lbg'k5{ . of] k/d]Zj/af6 cfPsf] Pp6f j/bfg xf] .”!)
pxfFn] To;f] eGg'ePsf]df d cf}wL v'zL 5' . d]/f x/]s kf7x?df gfd 6fF:g sf]lzif
ub}{ ;F3if{ ef]lu/x]sf] 5' . sIff ;FdfKt x'g' eGbf klxNo} d s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn
klg x'G5' . To; kl5 Ps b'O{ xKtf kl5 d SofDk;df Ps ljBfyL{sf] 5]p eP/ hfG5' /
d cfkm}nfO{ eG5', “of] ;+;f/df pgsf] gfd s] xf]” < olb d}n] o;sf] nflu
k/d]Zj/n] clGtd Gofosf] a]nf hjfkmb]xL 7x¥ofpg' x'g]5 eg]/ ;f]Rbf] x'F t,
dnfO{ nfU5 cTolws bjfjsf] sf/0f dnfO{ Åbo3ft x'g] lyof] xf]nf .
5'6\sf/f emf/km's cflTds zlQmx?sf] klxrfg;Fu lgs6td?kn] ;DjlGWft ePsf]
x'gfn], tL b'j}nfO{ d}n] csf]{ cWofodf rrf{ ug{] 5' . t/ clxn]nfO{ xfdLn]
cGt/ ljlGtsf] j/bfgsf] af/]df Ps ;FlIfKt cWoog ug{] 5f}+ .
cGt/ ljlGtsf] j/bfg ;FVof -@^_
d}n] dfyL eg] em}+, cGt/ljGtLsf] j/bfgsf] cl:tTjsf] af/]df d}n] o;sf] nflu
afOansf] kf7sf] af/]df hfg]/ ;'emfj lbPsf] xf]Og, t/ d}n] o;nfO{ sfo{df b]v]sf]
ljZjf; u/]sf] x'gfn] xf] . s]xL vf; v|Lli6ogx?;+u d]/f] ljZjf; 5 ls, cGt/ ljlGtsf]
j/bfg x'G5 .
cGt/ ljlGtsf] j/bfg Tof] ljz]if v'jL Ifdtf xf] h'g k/d]Zj/n] v|Li6sf] z/L/sf
vf; ;b:ox?nfO{ lgoldt cfwf/df ;dosf] lj:tfl/t cjlwsf] nflu k|fyf{gf ug{ / lgoldt /
ljz]if pQ/x? ltgsf k|fyf{gfx?sf] nflu b]Vg ;fwf/0f v|Lli6ogx?n] cfzf u/]eGbf
Hofbf pRrtd txdf b]Vg lbg' ePsf] 5 .