Notations for Concentrations in binary systems

ρ = ρ A + ρB = mass density of solution, g / cm 3

ρ = C A .M A = mass concentration of A, g / cm 3
ρ
wA = A = mass fraction of A
ρ
C = C A + C B = molar density of solution, g − mole / cm 3 , mole / cm 3
ρA
C= = molar concentration of A, g − mole / cm 3 , mole / cm 3
MA
ρ
M = = number-mean molecular weight of mixture
C
wA
MA
x A + xB = 1 ; M = x A .M A + xB .M B ; xA =
wA w
+ B
MA MB

1 w w x A .M A
wA + wB = 1 ; = A + B ; wA =
M MA MB x A .M A + xB .M B

 ρ1 ρ 
 + 2 
M M 2  for binary liquids
Cave = 1 =
2

Dalton’s law of partial pressure and Raoult’s law:

P = PA + PB ;
PA PB
yA = ; yB = ; 1 = y A + y B ; y A = mole fraction of A in the vapor phase
P P
P P
xA = A ; xB = B ; 1 = x A + xB ; x A =mole fraction of A in the liquid phase
VPA VPB

PA nA
P.V = n.R.T ; PA .V = n A .R.T ; CA = ; CA = ; n = n A + nB
R.T V
PA .M A
ρA = C A .M A ; ρA = ; C A = C.x A ; ρA = ρ.wA
R.T