MEDICAL

NANOBOT
BY

K. SRAVANTH REDDY - 07R21A04A3

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY :

By definition, nanotechnology is the science of micro-

engineering. Micro-engineering is the science of engineering
that deals with particle manipulation if those particles are
smaller than 100 nanometers.

Some of the earliest instances of nanotechnology include the

manipulation of materials to make new materials. Rubber and
the atomic bomb are considered by many to be the early
rudimentary stages of nanotechnology.

Sunscreen is a product of nanotechnology. The zinc or titanium

oxide found has been recently created by nanotechnology.
One millimeter is about the size of a pin head. This pin
head is equal to 1 million nanometers.

For most of us, picking out one single red blood cell is
a significant challenge. However, for the
nanotechnologists, this is a rather large particle since
it measures 2,500 nanometers.

For instance, biologists need to take several

comprehensive courses in nanotechnology in order to
understand some of the smallest particles that keep
life going.
The tiniest of computers need to have the smallest of
processors in order to make light and small computers
more accessible.

This will require smaller and smaller wiring

capabilities. The smallest of wiring materials is
engineered by the nanotechnology.

The 1980s and early 1990s saw a significant increase in

the popularity of nanotechnology. This is the science
that can figure out how to power our lives with
nothing more than molecules and atoms.
HOW NANOBOTS ARE MADE :
 The ultimate goal and essential definition of a nanorobot is
to have the microscopic entity made entirely out of
electromechanical components.

 Humans are able to perform one nano-function at a time, but

the thousands of varied applications required to construct an
autonomous robot would be exceedingly tedious for us to
execute by hand, no matter how high-tech the laboratory.

 The ideal nanobot consists of a transporting mechanism, an

internal processor and a fuel unit of some kind that enables it
to function.
 The main difficulty arises around this fuel unit. One
possible solution is to adhere a fine film of radioactive
particles to the nanobot’s body. As the particles decay and
release energy the nanobot would be able to harness this
power source.

 The other problem is with the construction of a nanorobot.

Metal that might be used for the robot’s construction
behaves one way in relatively large quantities and a
completely different way on the nanoscale.

 Microscopic silicon components called transducers have so

far been successfully built into nanorobot legs.
 Scientists are hard at work on designing a body built out of
transducers; they are encountering slight problems in
agreeing on what the final shape of the standard nanobot
should be.

 Very few researchers support the humanoid design.

 They hope that by equipping the nanobot with several sets

of fast-moving legs and keeping its body low to the ground,
they can create a quick, efficient machine that would also
be suitably shaped for introduction into human blood
vessels to perform functions such as clearing away built-up
cholesterol or repairing tissue damage.
 A robot this small can actually interact with materials on
their molecular and atomic level.

 They could rebuild tissue molecules in order to close a

wound, or rebuild the walls of veins and arteries to stop
bleeding and save lives. They could make their way through
the bloodstream to the heart and perform heart surgery
molecule by molecule without many of the risks.

 Likewise, researchers hope that nanorobots will have many

miraculous effects on brain research, cancer research, and
finding cures for difficult diseases.
REPAIRING OF DAMAGED TISSUE BY NANOBOTS :
 The medical science wants to create nanobots that can repair
damaged tissue without pain and trauma. Many of the medical
procedures we employ today are very traumatic to the human
body and do not work in harmony with our natural systems.

 Nanorobots are so small that they actually interact on the same

level as bacteria and viruses do, and so they are capable of
building with the very particles of our bodies: atoms and
molecules.
 Patients may be allergic to anesthetics, during an organ
transplant their body may mysteriously reject the new organ,
leading to death.

 And in the case of a tumor operation, even a few microscopic

missed cells can constitute complete failure to battle the cancer.
The drug which is supposed to cure you may actually leave many
parts of your body in worse shape than they were before.

 Nanorobots, on the other hand, will typically measure only

about six atoms wide. It is anticipated that they could be
equipped with all sorts of tools and cameras in order to furnish
more extensive information about the human body.
 Nanorobots could be used to clear built-up cholesterol from your
arteries, thereby saving you from a heart attack. When it comes
to major unsolved diseases like cancer, nanorobots are perfect for
eradicating malignant cells.

 Scientists are already hard at work on nanobots that can identify

and destroy cancer at its growth site so that no trauma is
inflicted anywhere else in the body.

 They could also perform delicate surgical functions such as

closing a split vein. Regardless of the individual details, it seems
clear that the advent of the nanobot is destined to change the
face of medicine forever.
WHAT NANOBOTS ARE MADE OF :
 Traditionally, most robots have a solar cell or some kind of
battery pack, but obviously these are many times too large for a
nanobot. However, the answer may lie in nuclear technology.

 Researchers consider it highly likely that when equipped with a

thin film of radioactive material, nanobots will be able to fuel
themselves on particles released by decaying atoms. This fuel
technology is easily scaled down to nano-size.

 Silicon has always been the first choice for delicate electronics
and has the right qualities to make a successful scaled-down
robot, even one as tiny as a few hundred nanometers. It is strong
enough to last and conduct electricity.
 However, constructing nanobots out of silicon would subject
them to the same issues that other silicon electronics face,
one of which is that they are not biodegradable. They would
still be another small drain on our natural resources.

 U.C. Berkeley affiliate Kris Pister invented a solar-powered

robot that measures only 8.5 millimeters and can walk slowly
on two “legs” like humans do.

 Pister composed his robot primarily of tiny silicon pieces

called transducers which are capable of taking the energy
generated by the robot’s solar cell and turning it into
mechanical power.
 Prototypes have been built using biological components, but the
ultimate goal is to achieve a purely electromechanical model.

 In the middle stage of our nanobot development we will

probably see high-production nano-factories emerge, which can
then in turn produce an ultimate nanorobot: a fully mechanical,
voice-programmed microscopic machine capable of performing
a wide array of useful functions.

 Scientists consider this the end goal in all nanotechnological

research, and expect that it will take several stages to get there.
So, in other words, fans of the ideal nanorobot may have to wait.
But eventually we will have this ultimate technology and all of its
amazing capabilities at our disposal.
APPLICATIONS OF NANOBOTS :
1. BLUE BRAIN :

“BLUE BRAIN”- The name of the world’s first virtual brain. That
means a machine that can function as human brain. The IBM is
now developing a virtual brain known as the BLUE BRAIN.
 A machine that can function as brain .
 It can take decision.
 It can respond.
 It can keep things in memory.

 Nanobots could carefully scan the structure of our brain,

providing a complete readout of the connection. The neocortex
is the largest and most complex part of the human brain, and
constitutes about 85 per cent of the brain's total mass.
 The neocortex is thought to be responsible for the cognitive
functions of language, learning, memory and complex thought.

 The simulated neurons will be interconnected with rules the

team has worked out about how the brain functions. This result
would develop a simulated model known as “Bluebrain”.

 The main aim of blue brain is to build an software replica or

template which could reveal many exisiting aspects of the brain
circuits, memory capacity, and how memories are lost.

 The Blue Brain simulation uses one microprocessor for each of

the 10,000 neurons in the cortical column of a rat's cerebral
cortex. It helps to build a brain microcircuit, in order to scale it
in human brain.
2. BLOODSTREAM :
Scientists at Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory at
Australia’s Monash University have developed tiny nanobot
micromotors that are a mere quarter of a millimeter, powered by tiny
piezoelectric motors, capable of swimming in the human bloodstream.

While the team is still devising ways to remote control the new robots,
they feel that they have a solid solution for an autonomous motor
design in the form of piezoelectricity. In the human body, the flow of
blood provides abundant kinetic energy.
 While a nanobot is too small to likely have a useful battery,
it could exploit this kinetic energy to power tiny
micromotors, the goal of the Australian researchers.
CONCLUSION :

Nanobots will be the next generation of

nanomachines. Advanced nanobots will be able to sense and
adapt to environmental stimuli such as heat, light, sounds,
surface textures, and chemicals; perform complex
calculations; move, communicate, and work together;
conduct molecular assembly; and, to some extent, repair or
even replicate themselves.
The field of nanotechnology and holotechnology
will overlap in the design of projection screens and user
interfaces of the next generations of the holographic cell
phones, and televisions. More virtual Reality.
THANK
YOU..!!