Meningitis Routes of entry

Meningitis- inflammation of meningeal  Nasopharynx, mouth, sinusitis,

layer mastoiditis, cellulitis, insect bite,

dental carries → blood stream →

Encephalitis- inflammation of brain
meningeal layer

Myelitis- inflammation of spinal cord  Direct extension from primary

site
Neuritis- inflammation of nerve  HI, surgical site

 Dural tear causing CSF leak

Causes

Pathophysiology
 Bacteria

 Staphylococcus aurous  Invasion of meningeal layers

 Pneumococci  Phagocytosis
 Meningeococci  Bacterial degeneration
 Neisseria meningitides  Exudate formation
 Viruses  Obstruction of CSF
 HIV  HCP
 HS

 Rabies Signs and symptoms

 Polio
 Recent history of
 Fungi
URTI,mastoiditis or any
 Cryptococcus
infection
 Candida
 Fever
 Parasites
 Head ache
 Malaria
 Nausea, vomiting

 Anorexia

 Restlessness

 LOC impairment

 Neck rigidity
  Kerning’s sign  Ceftriaxone

 Brudzinki’s sign  Vancomycin

 GTCS  Anticonvulsants

 Symptoms of Increased ICP  Osmotic diuretics

 Steroids
Diagnosis
 Analgesics

 CT  Shunt

 CSF analysis
Nursing Management
 High protein

 Low sugar  Maintain ABC

 C/S  Monitor GCS, pupillary reaction,

 WBC FND

 Blood analysis  Maintain cerebral tissue

 WBC perfusion

 Pain management

 Altered fluid balance due to

Management
vomiting

 Antibiotics  Nutritional status

 Ampicillin  Risk for injury

 Self care deficit