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Man Die
tuf'frif?
jrefrmusL;ypf zkd&rf/
vlaovlNzpf0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,rSonf omoemhygvqDodkU
(omoemhygvtzGJU rdwfquf)
omoemhygvtzGJU
NrefrmusL;ypf zdk&rf
11? 11? 2010
yxrtqifhpmvHk;aygif;ppfwmudk-
vlaovlNzpf0dedpä,pmtkyftzGJU
txl;aus;Zl;wifvTm
udkawZ
NrefrmusL;ypfomoemhygvtzGJU
udkwmaw
NrefrmusL;ypfomoemhygvtzGJU
atmifygap
uGef,ufaeUopf? þa½Tacwf
usL;ypfNrefrm? zdk&rfrSm
omoemhygv? armifESrwdkU
Ak'¨tarG? usrf;pmay
NyefUyGm;a0rQvª .....
vlaovlNzpf? tNrifnpfESifh
rdk;Nym0g'? t"r®vdk
twGif;&efpG,f? NrJumuG,fNyD;
rsKd;Ncm;rdpäm? omoemvdk
&efpG,fNyify? ½SdorQvnf;
acgif;iHkUrcH? pOfwGef;vSefonf
nDnmpdwf0rf;wl ....
Ak'¨NrwfpGm? omoemwGuf
El;nHhESvHk;? Nrwfvuf½kH;ESifh
omoemhygv? armifESrwdkU
apwempkdufxkwf vHkUvûyonf
o'¨gNrJMunfNzL ..... /
udkArmhaoG;
NrefrmusL;ypfomoemhygvtzGJU
tydkif;(2)
2-1/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm ed'gef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 14
2-2/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 21
2-3/ omrnapm'emwiftNyD; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ½Hk;awmfrS ppfar;Ncif; ..... ..... 98
2-4/ 0daooapm'em wifoGif;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 107
2-5/ 0daooap'emtNyD; pk'dwursm;tm; ar;Ncif; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 204
tydkif;(3)
3-1/ aom"emu@ (obmywdq&mawmf\ rdefUMum;csuf) ..... ..... ..... ..... 206
3-2/ OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emacsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 207
3-3/ ocifNrwfqdkif\ acsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 218
3-4/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ acsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 266
3-5/ obmywdq&mawmfed*Hk;csKyfrdefUcGef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 339
tydkif;(4)
4-1/ 0dedpä,u@ (tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 340
4-2/ Oya'ESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;½Sif;vif;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 341
4-3/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 346
4-4/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, ed'gef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 352
tydkif;(6)
6-1/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, csrSwfcsuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 895
6-2/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u pk'dwuwdkUtm; rdefUMum;aom Mo0g'uxm ..... 903
6-3/ ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf\ ½Sif;vif;aNymMum;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 906
6-4/ t"r®0g'pGefUvTwfyGJ tcrf;tem; tpDtpOfrsm; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 909
9-5/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... 910
6-6/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tvSnfhus Ouú|q&mawmf\ Mo0g'uxm ..... 912
6-7/ q&mawmfOD;crmok"\ 0dedpä,tusOf;csKyf oHk;oyfcsufESifh ESvHk;oGif;zG,f Mo0g' ..... 916
6-8/ tusdK;aqmif q&mawmf\ ½Sif;vif;rdefUMum;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... 921
6-9/ t"r®0g' pGefUvTwfaMumif; y#dnmOfûy vufrSwfa&;xdk;Ncif; ..... ..... ..... 923
6-10/ NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ trdefUaMumfNimpm ..... ..... ..... 926
6-11/ usrf;pmtkyf "r®'getvª½Sif ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 927
EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU a½SUarSmufü
pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm; Mo0g'cH,laeyHk
pk'dwu vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;
rauG;ûrdU r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfOD;ukrm&
oHk;oyfcsufudk zwfMum;aeyHk
a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh
ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf
omoema&; OD;pD;Xme
OD;wnfrysuf a½SUokdUquf
vlUbkHxkH;pH uJh&JU'Pffjzifh
&efrmefydwf oJc&D;cJü
pdwfZJGoefoef aemufrjyefbJ
&Jrmef&JaoG; &JpdwfarG;vsuf
&JaoG;eDeD pD&&Djzifh
OD;wnfrysuf a½SUokdUqufavmh .....
(r[m*E¨m½kHq&mawmf)
yHkESdyfxkwfa0&jcif;taMumif;
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmftwGif; vlaovljzpf0g'? or®m'd|d0g'?
a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUESifh ywfoufí 0d0g'g"du½kPf;BuD;jzpfyGm;vsuf½Sd&m *dkPf;aygif;pHk
oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;\ wm0efay;csuft& EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUrS ,if;0d0g'g"du½kPf;BuD;udk
qHk;jzwfay;&eftwGufEkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)udk 1343-ckESpf? e,kefvqkwf
(9)&ufaeUwGif zJGUpnf;cJhayonf/
EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU (2)onf EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGU\ wm0efay;csuft&
1343-ckESpf? e,kefvqkwf (12)&ufaeUwGif pwifí ½Hk;zGifh ppfaq;cJhNyD; apm'uESifh pk'dwuwkdU
ESpfOD;ESpfbuf wifjy avQmufxm;Muaom apm'em aom"emwifvTmwdkUudk av;vMumrQ tcsdef,l
oHk;oyfppfaq;vsuf 1343-ckESpf? oDwif;uRwfvqkwf (11)&ufaeUrSpí 6-&ufwdkifwdkif qHk;jzwfcsufudk
csrSwfcJhayonf/ ,if; qHk;jzwfcsuf 0dedpä,onf edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;oG,frS jyefUus,faom Ak'¨0g'
"r®OóHk pHkpHkvifvif½SdvSojzifh ]]ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;}} [kyif ac:qdkxdkufayonf/
odkUjzpfí -
(u) 0dedpä,udk 6-&ufwdkifwdkif csrSwf&mü pdwf0ifpm;pGmjzifh vma&mufem,lMuolrsm;ESifh
þ0dedpä, tqHk;tjzwfrsm;udk tpOfzwfMum;rSwfom;vdkMuaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\
vdktifqE´udk jznfhpGrf;&ef?
(c) "r® t"r® 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; aemufxyf ray:aygufap&ef?
(*) jzpfay:NyD;aom 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; Nidrf;at;yaysmufap&ef?
(C) ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifaom t,ltqrsm; yaysmufap&ef?
(i) ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh nDñGwfaom t,ltqrsm; xGef;um;ap&ef?
(p) rdpäm0g' tukodkvf t,ltqrsm;uif;pifí or®m0g'ukodkvft,ltqrsm; xGef;um;ap&ef?
(q) "r® t"r® 0d0g'udpöü twk,lzG,f jzwfxHk;tjzpf ordkif;wGif usef&pfap&ef -
[laom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifhtnD qHk;jzwfxm;aom þ ]]vlaovljzpf
0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,}} usrf;BuD;udk omoema&;OD;pD;XmerS wpftkyfwnf;ESifhtNyD; pufwifyHkESdyfí xkwfa0jzefUcsd
tyfygownf;/
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme
(b'´EÅa&0wmbd0Ho- t*¾r[my@dw)
'kwd,Ouú| q&mawmf
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGU
pmtrSwf? 208^1^om-r[e
aeUpJG? 1343-ckESpf? e,kefvjynfhausmf 9-&uf
(1981-ckESpf? ZGefv 26-&uf)
bk&m;tvdkawmfESifh qefUusifwmudk
a[majymaewmMum;&&if
bk&m;wynfhwdkif;[m
bk&m;bufuaezkdU ta&;BuD;w,f?
(r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;)
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdUbk&m;-
3/ vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨bmom&[ef;toGif t&[wå"Z bk&m;ta&awmfouFef;udk
0wfqifxm;ol jzpfygvsuf 1958-ckESpfwGif Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifaom ]]vlaovljzpf}} pmtkyfudk
a&;om;xkwfa0cJhygonf? xkd vlaovljzpf pmtkyfü bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfvm (31) bHkwkdUwGif rsufjrif
vlUbHkESifh wd&pämefbHk (2)bHkudkom vufcHNyD; usef (29) bHkwkdUukd y,fxm;ygonf? uHw&m;udk y,fMuaom
omoemy wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;uJhodkU ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH wkdUudkvnf; y,fxm;ygonf? Ak'¨bmom\
ppfrSefaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmwkdUudkvnf; &uf&ufpufpuf ykwfcwf apmfum;xm;ygonf? xkdUaMumifh
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'udk wpfEkdifiHvHk;½Sd ppfrSefaom Ak'¨bmom oHCmawmfrsm;u
q&mawmfBuD;rsm; qHk;jzwfcsuf
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdU bk&m;-
4/ EdkifiHawmf Mo0g'gp&d, q&mawmfBuD;rsm;? EdkifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh
ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfrsm; tzJGUcsKyfrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf pnf;a0;awmfrlMuNyD; ]]vlaovljzpf}} pmtkyfESifh
ywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufcsay;&ef (27)yg;aom q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; wm0efay;awmfrlcJhMuygonf? xdk
(27)yg;aom q&mawmfBuD;wkdUonf bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& taotcsm aumufcsufcsawmfrlMuNyD;
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUukd -
(u) Oau©yeD,uH ûyxkdufonf?
(c) vl0wfvJay;vsuf omoemawmfrS ESifxkwfxkdufonf-
[k qHk;jzwfawmfrlcJhMuygonf/
5/ xdkqHk;jzwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfrsm;tzJGUcsKyf A[kdOD;pD;
tvkyftrIaqmif q&mawmfrsm;uvnf; wpfnDwpfñGwfwnf; oabmwlvufcHcJhMuygonf? rEÅav;ûrdU
EkdifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm;uvnf; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUukd -
(u) Oau©yeD,uH ûyxdkufonf?
(c) yumoeD,uH ûyxdkufonf?
(*) vlrsm;uvnf; tyÜom'ya0'eD,uH ûyxdkufonf-
[k qHk;jzwfawmfrlcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
yumoeD,uH ûyjcif;
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdU bk&m;-
6/ txufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHawmf w0ef;vHk;rS *dkPf;aygif;pHk
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf 1325 -ck? 0gqkdvjynfhausmf (9) &uf (14.7.63) aeUwGif &efukefûrdU a½T*Hkwkdifvrf;
ajcmufxyfBuD; bk&m;BuD;ausmif;wkdufü tpnf;ta0;yGJ usif;yawmfrlMuNyD; ouFef;ta&ûcHvsuf omoemudk
zsufqD;aeMuaom vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUudk yumoeD,uH ûyawmfrlcJhMuygonf?
]]OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdU udk,fEIwfwkdUjzifh ajymqkd ûyvkyf a&;om;orQonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhvnf; rqkdif?
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfESifhvnf; rqkdif? bk&m; wynfh oHCmawmfrsm;ESifhvnf; rqkdif? OD;Ouú|ESifh
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfESifh vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
8/ jrefrmEkdifiH Ak'¨omoemawmf\ acgif;aqmifq&mawmfrsm;onf bk&m;w&m;awmfESifhtnD
yumoeD,uHûyum vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUudk qHk;rcJhMuygonf? Ak'¨omoemawmfenf;t&
ta&;,lMuygonf? odkU&mwGif vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUonf &yfwef;ur&yfbJ ouFef;rsm;
0wfNrJ 0wfMuvsuf Ak'¨bmom ta&ûcHxm;MuaomaMumifh vGefpGm½dk;om;Muaom Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onf
¤if;wkdUudk Ak'¨bmom bkef;BuD;[kyif xifMuygonf? ¤if;wkdU a[mcsif&ma[maom w&m;wkdUudkvnf;
Ak'¨bmomw&m;[kyif xifMuygonf/
9/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| OD;0go0ESifh OD;Ouú|\ aemufvdkuf oHa,miform;wkdUonfum;
Ak'¨omoemawmfudk zsufqD;Ekdifa&;twGuf tuGufaumif;udk tNrJacsmif;aeMuygonf? vlaovljzpfpmtkyf
xkwfa0NyD;aemuf rMumrDtcsdef (1963) üyif vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh (31) bHky,f0g'D ¤if;wkdU\
aemufvkdufwkdUonf ]]or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf}} [laom omoemzsuf tiftm;pkwpfckudk
xlaxmifcJhMuygonf? tzGJUwpfzGJU zGJUcJhMuygonf? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|onf xkdtzGJUwGif Mo0g'gp&d,tjzpf
yg0ifygonf? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| a[majymcsufrsm;udk vufcHMuolrsm; wynfhrsm;onf xkdtzJGUwGif
yg0ifMuygonf/ or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGUcsKyf\ tzJGUcJGrsm;udk jrefrmEdkifiH ae&mtESHUtjym;wGif
zGJUpnf;Muygonf/
10/ olwkdUonf or®m'd|dudk okawoeûyvkyfonf[k toHaumif;vTifh rsufESmzHk;pGyfNyD;
Ak'¨omoemawmf ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif; tvkyfwkdUukd pepfwus tuGufcsNyD; enf;trsdK;rsdK;
yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;wkdUjzifh ususee vkyfcJhMu ygonf? vkyfyHkrsm;rSm þodkU jzpfygonf-
a½Ttbd"r®m
12/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUtcsKyfonf rnfolawGu rnfolUudkyif wkdifwkdif Ak'¨bmom
&[ef;½Sifvl trsm;udk *½krpdkufbJ t"r®0g'rsm;udk qufvufjzefUa0NrJ jzefUa0Muonf? trSefw&m;udk
½Smygonf[k qifajcay;NyD; ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemawmf tm;enf;a&;udkom qufvufêud;pm;aeMuonf?
tuGufay:vQif ay:ovdk vIyf½Sm;aeMuonf? xkdUaMumifhyif ¤if;wkdUudk jrpfzsm;cHNyD; ]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} [lí
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf 17
tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, (ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;)
Ak'¨omoem
Ak'¨NrwfpGm udk,fwdkifomvQif enf;ay;ñTefNyawmfrlcJhonfNzpfí
t½Sifom&dykwåax&f udk,fawmfwdkif vufawGUwifNyawmfrlaom
o*Fg,emwifenf;twdkif; (6)Mudrfwdkifwdkif o*Fg,emwiftyfukefaom
yd#uwfoHk;yHkvm a'oemawmfwdkYudkomvQif
]]Ak'¨omoem}} [kvufcHvsuf ,HkMunfqnf;uyfMu&rnf Nzpfonf/
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom; - t½Sif£E´mp&d,mbd0Ho)
(c) ½kyfonf tajccHjzpfí a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwkdUonf ½kyfudk rSD&mwnf&m xm;í
jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;w&m;? (0g) tcdk;owåd? (0g) ½kyf\ t[kefrQom jzpfayonf/
(31 -bHk0g' Ak'´vufrcH pmtkyf- 202)
(*) wcsdKUu t½Sifbk&m;[m ½kyfudkom a[maew,f? pdwfuav;udk vkyftHk;rSaygheJU
ajymaew,f? usKyfwkdU 'umrBuD;awGu? aumif;ygNyD pdwfuav;udk vkyf&atmif?
b,frvJawmhvdkUom jyefar;vdkufMu&r,f/ y/ tvkyfvkyfqkdwm wu,f½SdwJh½kyfukd
aumif;atmif tvkyfvkyfMu&rSmyJ? pdwfudk aumif;atmif vkyfvdkU r&ygbl;/
(tdka,m*D oif b,fqDoGm;rvJ? pmrsufESm 80-81)
(C) emrfonf bmvJqkdOD;-þblw"mwfwkdU\ owåd½kyfyif jzpfaejyefonf? taMumif;rlum;
avESihf awaZm awGUvQif ]]tm;touf}} [lí jzpfaom owådonf ½kyfbm0\
yifudkvu©PmaMumifhyif jzpfonf? xkd0ga,mESifh awaZm wkdUonf rnfonfhj'yfpif
y&rmtPkjrLwGifrQ oD;jcm;uif;vGwfpGm r½Sd? y-tm-0g-aw wkdUrSm
tpOfwGJpyfaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf? odkUjzpf&m blwj'yfpif rlv y&rmtPkjrL
obm0txd tqifhqifh tuJcwfavhvmaomtcg þblw½kyfwkdUyif ½kyf[kvnf;aumif;?
emrf[kvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh jzpfaeaomaMumifh tm;vHk; ½kyfbm0 tajccHcsnf;
jzpfaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ (ocifjrwfqkdif\ Ak'¨0dyóem? yxrwGJ 84-85)
(i) ½kyfemrfESpfckrSm wpfckESifhwpfck ruGJay? y&rwfyx0D y&rwftmayg y&rwf0ga,m
y&rwfawaZmwkdUrSm tNrJtwlwajy;wnDwnf; ½kyfvnf; emrf? emrfonfyif
½kyftjzpf'GefwGJum tpOftwl jzpfysufaeonfudk awGUjrifrSom csufcsif; jzpfonfudk
jzpfrSef;odonf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ-113)
4/ þpum;&yfrsm;jzifh vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D
polwkdUonf jrwfAk'¨\ rSefuefpGma[mMum;xm;aom emrfw&m;rsdK;udk todtrSwfrûyMuyg? olwkdU\
½kyfMurf;0g'D q&mhq&mBuD;rsm;\ t,ltqaemufodkU aumufaumufygatmifvdkufum jrwfAk'¨tbd"r®m
omoemudk ausmckdif;aom olrsm;om jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
5/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ yd#uwfawmfrsm;ü emrfw&m;ü awGa0oltwGuf ½kyfudk tusOf;? emrfudk
tus,fcsJUí a[mawmfrlaom a'oemrsm;? ½kyfü awGa0oltwGuf emrfudk tusOf;? ½kyfudk tus,fcsJUí
a[mawmfrlaom a'oemrsm;? ½kyfemrfESpfyg;pHkü awGa0oltwGuf ½kyfa&m emrfyg tus,fcsJUía[mxm;aom
a'oemrsm;[k pepfwus ½kyfemrf"r®wkdUudk wGJvsuf a[mxm;aom a'oemrsm;udk awGUjrif&ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
10/ OD;Ouú|\ tarGaoG;qdk;udk qufcHae&½Smaom or®m'd|dtzJGUom;rsm;uvnf; olwdkU\
q&mBuD;rsm;twdkif; 0denf;w&m;udk apmfum;ajymqdkMuygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfrS
xkwfa0aom Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;? oifwef; trSwfpOf (1) oifwef;rSwfpkrsm; pmtkyfBuD; pmrsufESm 47-
wGif oifwef;om;rsm;tm; atmufygtwkdif; ydkUcsxm;ygonf bk&m;/
]]0denf;udk t"duxm;jcif;tm;jzifh bdu©KeDomoemudkqdwfokOf;apcJhonfrSm
yxroH*g,emyGJrS pwifcJhavonf}}
11/ þajymMum;csufrSm or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk êud;udkifjc,fvS,fNyD;
omoembmom zsufqD;a&;vkyfief;udk tNrJwap vkyfudkifaeaom twGif;a&;rª; OD;udkudkav;\
oifwef;ydkUcscsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
7/ yk*Hivsifab;aMumifh ESpfaygif;&maxmifcsDNyD; wnfwHhxGef;um;cJhaom apwDykxkd;rsm;
ûydysufí (Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI) jrefrmhtarGtESpfrsm; qHk;½IH;jcif;udk umuG,f&ef rulnD rvª'gef;onfhtjyif
vª'gef;olrsm;udk uJh&JUjypfwifjcif;rSm or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdU\ tvGef,kwfnhHaom
pdwfoabmxm;udk ay:vGifapygonf bk&m;? urÇmYEkdifiHtoD;oD;uyif ulnDaeygvsuf ArmjynfrSmaeNyD;
Arma&udkaomuf? Armavudk½I? Armajrudk eif;vsuf Ak'¨bmomtrnfcH or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;u
rulcsif rvªcsif½HkrQru t,kwfwrm tremy ajymqkda&;om; jcif;rSm tvGefoabmxm;,kwfnHhaMumif;
xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
11/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\0g'rIdif;udk trdcHae&aom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUom;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? or®m'd|dtzGJU\ avmif;&dyfrdí tqdyfoifhjcif;udkcHae&½Smaom
&[ef;½SifvlwkdUonfvnf;aumif; Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIESifh Ak'¨omoemawmfBuD;udk enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;aeygí ¤if;wkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymtqkd tûytrlrsm;onf w&m;rzuf
trSm;oufoufomjzpfaMumif; pdppfqHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
7/ OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\ aemufvdkufaemufyg wynfhom0uwkdU\ ta&;tom;
tajymta[mrsm;onf bmomomoemudk xdyg;csKyfcs,f½HkrQru yd#uwfvm tqkdtrdefUrsm;udk
vspfvsL½I&m a&mufaeMuygonf bk&m;/
8/ 0denf;r[m0gygVd? O'gef;ygVd? t*Fkwå&edum,fESifh "r®y' paom yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;wGif
qkay; qkawmif; oufaoom"ursm;pGm vm½Sdygonf? xkdUaMumifh Ak'¨u vufrcHbl;[k Ouú|0g'DwkdU\
a&;om;ajyma[mcsufrsm;onf rodem;rvnfolrsm; (0g) yd#uwfudk rMunfhwwfolrsm;tm; Ak'¨udk
ckwHk;vkyfNyD; vdrfjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
(') Z&m=vkyfouf&ifhvmjcif;/
(") r&P=tvkyfrS &yfem;jcif;? tvkyfxkwfcH&jcif;/ (Ak'¨0dyóem 'kwd,-176)
rSwfcsuf/ / txufyg tykd'frsm;ü emrnfwyfxm;onfu Ak'¨0g' Ak'¨0dyóem? a&;xm;onfrsm;u
t½l;csD;yef; y&rf;ywm bmoma&;jyufvHk;rsm;yif jzpfayonfwum;/
(e) ykaAÁed0goÓPfum;-
ykaAÁ=ajcmufESpfumv cgor,/ ed=xif½Sm;{uef trSefr½Sdaom/ 0go=
wyfrufpGJvrf;jcif;\ ESdyfpuf n§if;yef;rI cH&jcif;wkdUukd/ ÓP=trSefxGif;azmuf
todÓPf&a&mufcJhavNyD/
(y) 'dAÁpu©KÓPfum;-
pu©K=rsufpdESpfuGif;jzifh jrifjcif;[lorQwkdUudk/ 'dAÁ=½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; tpGJuif;NyD;/ ÓPH=
trSefxGif; azmuf odjrifjcif;odkU &a&mufcJhavNyD/
(z) tmo0u©,ÓPf-
tmo0=wyfrufpGJvrf;rI jzpfjcif;[lorQudk/ c,=ukefcef;csKyfNidrf;rItrSefodkU &½Sdjcif;udk/
ÓPH=trSef xGif;azmuf odjrifjcif;odkU &a&mufcJhavNyD/
(trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf (1) pmapmif? pmrsufESm-7 tbd"r®m q&mpdef)
,ck or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfqkdonf\ em,uBuD;qdkol tbd"r®mq&mpdefqkdolu
ykaAÁed0gomEkówd? 'dAÁpu©K? tmo0u©, tbdnmOf[laom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUukd teuft"dyÜm,f azmfjyyHkrSm
vl½Twfvlaemufwpfa,mufu jcaoFhukd rjrifzl;½Smaom uav;i,fwpfOD;tm; aqmifhaMumifhxkdifaeaom
zm;uav;wpfaumifukd vufñdI;xkd;jyNyD; ]]jcaoFhqkdwm 'DtaumifyJ}} [k jyouJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/
(A) twåudvrxmEka,m* = twå [laom yk'f\ t"dyÜm,fo½kyfum; 0dnmOfpdwf jzpf\/
udvrxyk'f\ t"dyÜm,fum; csKyfcs,fxm;jcif;udk qkd\? tEka,m*yk'f\ oabmoGm;um;
bm0emur®|mef;wpfckckukd tpOftm;jzifh tm;xkwfusifhBuHaerIudk qkd\/
(trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf(6) pmrsufESm-8)
(b) ewf = ewfqkdonfh ygVdpum;rSm jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udk ac:í þcE¨mtwGif;rSm
½Sdaom pu©K? aomw? Cme? Zd0Sg? um,? re þ (6) ckwkdYjzifh cHpm;rI ûyjcif;udkyif
pnf;pdrfcHpm;rI ewfajcmufbHk[k ac:qkd&jcif; jzpfaMumif; Ak'¨a[maom ygVdrsm;udk
cE¨menf;? vufawGUenf;wkdUjzifh aygif;pyf½SmazGygu rdrdwdkUcE¨mtwGif; ½Sdaom
þajcmufckudkyif ewfbHkajcmufbHkjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;pGm awGU&ygonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;bk&m; -
4/ bk&m;a[m ygVda0g[m&rsm;udk azmfjyygtwdkif; xif&mjrif&m t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufrsm;onf
Mo µ vufpowfawmh or®m'd|dokawoe vkyfaew,fqdkwJh vlwpfpk[m 'Dvkd ygVdawmfa0g[m&awGudk
zsufqD;NyD; usD;uef;yufvufysHwmudkrS MunfhcsifwwfwJh tqef;êudufrsm;\ a½SUü
wu,fhacwfrDokawoeBuD; vkyfjyaeyguvm; [lí jynfolvlxku odEdkifMuNyDjzpfygonfbk&m;?
wpfenf;qkd&aomf ,ckvdk or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfESifh tokdif;t0dkif;uvkyfaeaom
okawoevkyfenf;rsdK;onf ,aeUwkd;wufaom urÇmü ray:ao;ygbk&m;? xkdUaMumifh þuJhokdU
xdkolrsm;\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk yd#uwfawmfESifh rnD[lí ajym&rSmyif rpifyHkudk vufjzifh udkifjy&ouJhodkU
jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/
£, qdkwm = a,musfm;?
tJ'D rdef;r a,musfm; 2-a,mufudk pmtvdku t&d,vdkU ac:w,f?
vifr,m; 2-a,mufudk t&d,vdkU ac:w,f/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
7/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUom;rsm;ESifhwuG tvm;wl tqdyfoifhjcif;cHae&wJh bmomrJh
½kyfMurf;0g'orm;rsm;\ ta&;tom; tajymtqdkrsm;onf pnf;r½Sd urf;r½Sd vGwfcsifwdkif;
vGwfaeygaomaMumifh t"r®0g'D tblw0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;udk atmf*vDqefvSpGmjzifhyif
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
10/ Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk ypfy,fí ,kwforQtbd"r®mudk w&m;aoudkifpJGxm;aom
0dyóemq&mBuD; ocifjrwfqkdif\ edAÁmeftjrifudk wifjyyg&ap bk&m;? Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyf yxrwJG
pmrsufESm 45-wGif ]]edAÁmefudkawmifhwí w&m;tm;xkwfwmudk umr}} vdkU qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
edAÁmef\csrf;omudk wrifawmifhwcHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfygu þedAÁmeftvkdonf
umrESifh,SOfaom tvkdom jzpf&ayrnf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem? yxrwJG-45)
tJ'g yd#uwf aumufEkwfcsufawGudk yvlysHatmif a0aewJh ocifjrwfqkdifqkdwJh q&mBuD;&JU
edAÁmeftvJG Oyg'geftpJGBuD;yg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
11/ or®m'd|dokawoe wynfhom0uwkdU ,ckvdk trSm;ZmwfawG xyfumxyfum
usL;vGefae&jcif;\ w&m;cHvufonfudk ½SmwJhtcg vlaovljzpfq&mBuD; OD;Ouú|aMumifh jzpfw,fqdkwm
jiif;r&atmif xif½Sm;aeygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨"r®pMum pmtkyf pmrsufESm 52-53 wGif cE¨mig;yg;udk edAÁmef[k
atmufygtwdkif; rSm;,Gif;pGm qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
edAÁmefESifhcE¨mig;yg;[m wjcm;pDr[kwf&if yl;wJGvsuf½Sdw,f[k qkdvdk'gygyJ?
wpfqifhwufMunhf&if cE¨mig;yg;[m edAÁmefjzpfEkdifwmaygh? bk&m;uawmh twdtus edAÁmefeJUcE¨m
wjcm;pDr[kwfbl; [k a[mxm;wmbJ/
12/ tJ'g "r®pMumukd a&vJeJUoHk;aewJh Ouú|&JU edAÁmeft,ltqygyJ bk&m;? þwGif
bk&m;a[mygw,f[k bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfNyD; ajymxm;wm awGUEkdifygw,f/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkYbk&m; -
13/ OD;Ouú| acgif;wJGBuD;qJG&mokdU '½Gwfwdkuf woDwwef;BuD; ygaeMu&ukefaom
or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGUom;rsm;ESifhwuG aemufvkdufaemufygwkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymtqdkrsm;onf
ax&0g'yd#uwf usrf;*efESifh ravsmfuef rawmfrrSefawGjzpfaomaMumifh t"r®0g'rsm;tjzpf
qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
3/ or®m'd|dokawoetrnfudk cH,lxm;aom vlwef;pm;wdkUonf ½dk;ajzmifhrSefuefaom
Ak'¨bmomrsm; r[kwfaMumif; olwdkU\ twGif;qdk;jzifh a&;om;xm;aompmrsm;u oufaocHvsuf
½Sdygonfbk&m;? olwkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymta[m rsm;onf Zmwfodrf;oGm;MuNyDjzpfaom yJcl;½dk;ray:rS
awmcdkuGefjrLepfrsm;\ tajymtqdkESifh wpfxyfwnf; cRwfpGyfwlaeygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
5/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUom;rsm;ESifh xdktzJGU\avmif;&dyfudk trdcHae&aom bmomrJh
½kyfMurf;0g'orm;wdkU\ ta&;tom; tajymta[mrsm;onf Ak'¨bk&m;ocif\ yg&rDawmfrsm;ESifh
Ak'¨tjzpfawmfrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom Ak'¨0ifudk ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;xm;ygí
t"r®0g'oufoufomjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
7/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ tarGtESpfudk qufcHxm;aom awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSD
OD;qE´m"du\ yd#uwfy,fyHk t,ltqudkvnf; axmufjyyg&ap bk&m;/
twJG-1? trSwf-5? opöm"r®a&;&m (arSmifckd) pmapmif ESm-2-wGif
(q) ax&0g'udk yxroH*g,emwifpOfu 0de,ESifh"r®[líom jzpfonf? wpfenf;tm;jzifh
yd#uwf 2-yHk[líom rSwf&\/
(Z) edum,fav;&yfomvQif yxroH*g,emwGif xif½Sm;ap\? ck'´uedum,frSm
bk&m;ESifhtvGefuGmvSrf;aom oD[kdVf pwkw¬oH*g,emwGifrS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
þokdUqkdxm;jcif;aMumifh tbd"r®myd#utygt0if ck'´uedum,fudk bk&m;a[mtjzpf vufrcHjcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
9/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvdkufyk*¾dKvfwkdUonf olwdkU0g'ESifh rudkufnDaom
ax&0g'yd#uwf&Sd ygVdawmfrsm;ukd yxrwGif enf;enf;ûzwfí prf;MunfhMuygonf bk&m;?
aemufwpfzeftwifh&Jí ygVdawmftrsm;pkudk ûzwfMu xkwfMu y,fMu ypfMu &p&mr½Sdatmif
vkyfypfMuygonf bk&m;? OD;Ouú|\wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqkdifurl "r®pMum? tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f -
þokwfoHk;ckuvJGvQif usefyd#uwfrsm;udk rD;½dIUypfcsifonftxd rsufrkef;usdK;aeygonf bk&m;/
10/ ]]vufa½G;pifoD;oefU yd#uwfawmf aumufEkwfcsufrsm;}} trnf½Sd pmtkyf pmrsufESm 3-
wGif ocifjrwfqkdifu bk&m;a[m yd#uwfygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwfypfy,fa&;twGuf atmufygtwdkif;
êuH;0g;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
(n) yd#uwfawmf[lí ac:qkdMu&mü okwfta&twGuf pkpkaygif; (34888) ausmf½Sdonf?
,if;txJü rkd;ay: vufñdI;xkd;íajr§muf? ajrBuD;xJudk ñTefíajcmuf paom okwfrsm;wkdUudk
tukefvHk; rD;avmifukefukef? wpfokwfwavrQyif rusefusef? þ,ckoHk;okwf ("r®pMum?
tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f) wnf;omvQif usefvQif omoemawmf rnfonfhtcgrQ
rysufEkdifacs-
[lí jyif;jyif;xefxef êuH;0g;xm;ygNyD bk&m;/
oufaocHypönf;pm&if;
trSwf(2) EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m; -
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUudk "r® t"r®
ppfaq;qHk;jzwfrnfh oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf2- ½Hk;awmfokdU apm'emwifoGif;&mü aumufcsufxkwf
azmfjyaom oufaocH pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? wdwfacGwdkU\ pm&if;udk oD;oefUûypkwifjyygonf bk&m;/
(þpm&if;wGif ryg0ifao;aom tjcm;pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? wdwfacGrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;
usef&Sdygao;onf bk&m;/)
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
1/ vlaovljzpf (½SifOuú|)
1-9-1963? 'kwd,ESdyfjcif;?
xkwfa0ol- armifpkd;0if;? ,m,DrSwfyHkwif (0519)
jrefrmhAsL[m pmyHkESdyfwkduf
12(c)? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
2/ Ak'¨ "r®pMum
(awmifwGif;BuD;? ewfrSDawm&? ½SifOuú| a[monf)
1964-ck? pufwifbmv?
xkwfa0ol-a':oef;? rSwfyHkwif ('DtD; 000740)
trSwf 172? 6-vrf;? aygif;wnfûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- a':oef;? oD&dr*FvmpmyHkESdyfwkduf?
(rSwfyHkwiftrSwf-07) 6-vrf;? aygif;wnfûrdU/
3/ awmifwGif;BuD; Ak'¨wuúodkvf t½SifOuú|\ ]]Ak'¨tbd"r®m}}
pwkw¬vufaqmif? 1316-ck?
a½TjynfwefpmyHkESdyfwkduf? wkwftifqef;? pef;yGifhukrÜPD? trSwf-12? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmfaps;? &efukefûrdU/
4/ tpJGûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf (½SifOuú| a&;)
1963-ck? arv (1)&uf?
xkwfa0ol-(0509)? yHkESdyfol-rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (0447)
jrefrmhAsL[mpmyHkESdyfwkduf? 12? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
tzJGUcsKyf pmayaumfrwD
(1) OD;cif[ef (tMuHay;)
(2) OD;vGef;armif ( / )
(3) OD;atmifEkdif (wm0efcHpmwnf;)
(4) OD;udkudkav; ( / )
(5) OD;xGef;apm ( / )
(6) OD;jrifhaqG ( / )
(7) OD;wifodef; ( / )
(8) OD;armifpdef ( / )
wkdUyg0ifaom pmayaumfrwDzJGUpnf;vdkufygonf/ pmaya&;&mudpöESifhywfoufvmygu tzJGUcsKyfpmay
aumfrwDokdU qufoG,fMuapvdkygonf? þokdU a&;xm;ygonf? yg0ifa&;om;olrsm;uvnf; vlaovljzpf
OD;Ouú|? ocif jrwfqkdif? '*kef OD;vSaz? OD;barmif-a';'&J? OD;udkudkav; polwdkU jzpfMuygonf?
oufaocHwifxm;aom opöm "r®pmapmif (18)apmifwGif (14)apmifü vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|
yg0ifa&;om;xm;ygonf? opöm"r®twJG(2) trSwf (10) pmrsufESm (11)ü "r®AdrmefwnfEkdifa&;twGuf
tvªaiG ydkUEkdifonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;tjzpf -
(1) OD;Z0e y&[dw q&mawmf? Ae½Sife,fausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/
(2) OD;ÓPfokdif;? arcvmwkduf? trSwf(954) 16-&yfuGuf? &wemvrf;? awmifOuúvmy/
(3) OD;cif[ef (opöm"r®) 313? AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? &efukefûrdU wkdUudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
xdk 3-OD;wGif 2-OD;rSm ,ckpk'dwursm; jzpfaeMuygonf/
a&;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;uvnf; opöm"r® twJG(2) trSwf(12) rsufESmzHk;pmrsufESmwGif
aumufcsufcs xm;onfhtwdkif; vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|0g' us,fjyefUatmif a&;om;aeMujcif;om jzpfygonf?
xkdUaMumifh opöm"r®pmapmifrsm;udk yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol rygaomfvnf; oufaocHtjzpf wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyMuygonf/
39/ opöm"r®a&;&m pmapmifrsm;? opömAdrmef pmapmifrsm;? "r®tvif;a&mif pmapmifrsm;
tygt0if usefpmtkyf pmwrf; pmapmifrsm;onfvnf; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ bmomrJh0g'udk
trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk tpGrf;ukefxlaxmifaeMuonfh pmapmifrsm;omjzpfaMumif; aphaphpyfpyfMunfhu odEkdifygonf
bk&m;? xkdUaMumifh azmfjycJhNyD;aom pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;ESifh wdwfacGrsm;ukd oufaocHtjzpf wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyMuygonf bk&m;/
omrnapm'emwiftNyD; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
½Hk;awmfrS ppfar;jcif;
aeYpJG (30-6-81)
obmywdu ar;jcif;
apm'emudpö NyD;oGm;ygNyD? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u tckvdk pmtkyfpmwrf; pmrsufESm
tudk;tum;awGazmfjyNyD; apm'em wifxm;ygw,f? oufaocHjzpfwJh pmtkyfawG pmwrf;
wdwfacGawGudkvnf; tckpm;yJGay:rSm wifNyD;xm;w,f? tck wifjyxm;wJh pmtkyfpmwrf;awG pmapmifawG
tm;vHk;[m OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'eJY ywfoufvkdU a&;xm;wm
trSefjzpfygovm;? r[kwf&ifvJ jiif;y,f Edkifygw,f/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -wynfhawmfrsm;taeeJU 'Dudpö vHk;0 rodyg bk&m;/
obmywd -usefwJhq&mawmfrsm;u ,ck oufaocHwifjyxm;wJh pmtkyf pmapmifawGonf
q&mawmfwdkU t&ifwkef;u oHk;oyfzl;wJh vufcHzl;wJh oabmwlzl;wJh
pmtkyfpmwrf;awG [kwfygovm;vkdU ar;ygw,f/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -wynfhawmfrsm;vJ rodMuawmhyg bk&m;/
OD;qE´m"du -wynfhawmfvJ rodawmhyg bk&m;/
obmywd -b,folrS rodbl;aygh? 'gjzifh aemufu ocifjrwfqkdifwkdU or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrS
OD;cif[efwkdU ajzyg/
ocifjrwfqdkif -wynfhawmf emrnfeJU a&;xm;wJh[mawmh wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;? wjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;
a&;wmawmh rodyg bk&m;? or®m'd|dtzJGUxJvJ wynfhawmf rygbl; bk&m;?
a&;w,fqkdwm 0efcHygw,f? wynfhawmftrnf ygwmrSeforQ tm;vHk;
wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;/
OD;cif[ef -bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;eJU ywfoufwmawmh wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -ywfoufw,fqdkwmu or®m'd|dokawoetrnfyg&if wm0ef,lr,f ajymwmvm;
(0denf;"dk&f)
OD;cif[ef -or®m'd|demrnfyg&if wm0ef,lygr,f bk&m;/
ocifjrwfqdkif -avQmufxm;csifwmu ½Sif0go0pmawGeJUa&maxG;aeNyD;awmh 'gu 15-
ESpfavmufuxJu wynfhawmfwdkUeJU vHk;0rwlwJhudpöjzpfaew,f? ½dk½dkaoao
avQmuf&r,fqkd&ifawmh rawmfrwJh pum;awG jzpfaew,f? tJ'g tapmBuD;uxJu
tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfeJU wynfhawmfwdkU rqdkifawmhygbl;/
OD;Óedu -rqdkifwmawmh[kwfNyD? or®m'd|deJYywfoufNyD;awmhygaew,f? olu wm0efcHNyD;
(0denf;"dk&f) xkwfa0xm; awmh olu ygaew,f/
vlaovljzpf0g'udk t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif;
q&mawmf 3-yg;u 0efcHjcif;
obmywd -apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyapm'emxm;wJh 21-csuftwkdif;tqHk;tjzwf
ay;&vdrfhr,f? pk'dwu rsm;u 'gudkvufcHEkdifMuovm;? okdUr[kwf acsy ajymqdk
vkdovm;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -wynfhawmfrsm;twGuf vlaovljzpfpmtkyfeJYywfoufvdkU avQmufxm;vdkygw,f?
(a';'&J) vlaovljzpf usrf;pmtkyfeJUywfoufvdkU "r® t"r® qHk;jzwfcsufudk qHk;jzwfay;zkdU&m
0dedpä,twGuf t½Sifjrwfrsm;rSm wm0ef½Sdygw,f? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
vlaovljzpfusrf;udk t"r®0g'vkdU wifjyxm;wJh twkdif; wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ jiif;qdkjcif;
uefUuGufjcif; rûyvdkyg? wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkifu vlaovljzpfpmtkyfudk
t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif; vGefcJhwJh (7)ESpfavmufupNyD; oloufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdpOfuyif
olUrsufarSmufü uefUuGufNyD;jzpfaevdkU 'Dpmtkyfudk apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm;u
t"r®0g'vkdU wifjyaecsuftwGuf uefUuGufzkdY acsyzdkU vHk;0r½Sdyg/ þtaMumif;
t½SifOaZÆmwdu
uGif;ausmif;? a';'&JûrdU/
1/ t½SifZ0e 2/ OD;Z0e
ae½Sife,f y&[dwausmif;? ig;qifh taemufausmif;?
awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/ awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/
vufrSwfxdk;Edkif rxdk;Edkifar;jcif;
obmywd -q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg;teuf a';'&JOD;OaZÆmwdu uawmh OD;Ouú|½SdpOfuxJu
vlaovljzpf t,ludk vufrcHygbl;vdkU 0efcHpmxJrSm twdtvif;azmfjyxm;w,f?
awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf OD;Z0e 2-yg;&JUpmu vlaovljzpft,ludk e*kdu
vufrcHbl;? (okdUr[kwf) vufcHNyD;om;t,lukd ,ckrS pGefUw,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fvm;
bk&m;? 'DpmxJrSm rygbl;? q&mawmfwdkUpmu raocsmbl;/
OD;Z0e -wynfhawmfeJUOD;Ouú|wdkUtvkyfu wjcm;pDygbk&m;? wynfhawmfu y&[dw
tvkyfqkdawmh y&[dw vkyfief;yJ vkyfygw,f bk&m;? olU&JUvlaovljzpfudk
oludk,fwkdifa[moHvJ rMum;zl;ygbk&m;/
obmywd -a[moHawmh rMum;bl;? pmtkyfu ArmwpfjynfvHk; ESHUaew,f? e,fpGefe,fzsm;txd
tm;vHk; a&mufaew,f? 'gaMumifh q&mawmfrsm; e*dku 'Dpmtkyft& OD;Ouú|&JU
avmif;&dyfatmufrSmrdNyD; 'Dt,ltwkdif;udk vkduf,laewmvm;/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -a½S;uvJ rvkdufzl;yg? ,ckvJ rvdkufyg bk&m;/
obmywd -'gjzifh 'Dt,ludk vHk;0 r,lbl;aygh? aemufudkvJ r,lbl;? 'D0g'udkvJ rjzefUjzL;bl;?
q&mawmfu y&[dwtvkyform;jzpfí y&[dwtvkyfudkyJ qufvkyfr,f?
OD;Ouú|&JU0g'udk jzefUjzL;zdkU? qufNyD; a[majymzdkU rdrdudk,fwkdifuvJ rvkyfawmhbl;?
'Dvdkvm;/
OD;Z0e -rSefyg bk&m;/
obmywd -OD;Ouú|t,ludk vufcHwJhtaMumif; 'Dq&mawmf 3-yg;u 0denf;"dk&ftzJGUudk
wifjyxm;w,f? 'D q&mawmf 3-yg;u aemifudk 'Dt,l0g'ESifh ywfoufNyD;
bmrQrvkyfygbl;qkdwm y#dnmOf0efcHcsuf ay;NyD? 'gaMumifh 0dedpä, csrSwfwJhtcg
q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg; vufrSwfxdk;Mu&r,f? vufrSwf xdk;Edkifw,f r[kwfvm;/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -xkd;Ekdifygw,f bk&m;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -xkd;Ekdifygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -at;? vufrSwfxdk;rS twnfjzpfr,f? 'gjzifh q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg;twGufuawmh
e*dkuvJ [kwfwdywfwd ,lwm r[kwfbl;aygh? aemuf OD;OaZÆmwdu uawmh OD;Ouú|
toufxif½Sm;½SdpOf uyif 'Dt,ludk olUa½SUrSmyJ ajAmifjiif;cJhw,f [kwfvm;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -rSefyg? ajAmifjiif;cJhygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -tJ'Dvdkqkdawmh 'D 3-yg;twGufu rdrdwdkUe*dku OD;Ouú|avmif;&dyfrdNyD;
,lrdonfjzpfap? oabmus NyD;onfhumv vufcHonfjzpfap? q&mawmfOD;Ouú|ESifh
taygif;toif;vkyfNyD; aerdonfhtwGuf ,ck q&mawmfwdkU tckvdk 0denf;"dk&f½Hk;
r[memrfrif;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;
r[memrfrif;u bk&m;eJUpyfNyD; olUpdwfaeoabmxm;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrSm 'Dvdk azmfjy avQmufxm;ygw,f/
]]NrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf? &[ef;oHCmeJUrdef;rawGuwpfzuf
'DvdkuGJae&if wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;
jrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf? trsKd;om; trsKd;orD; oHCmawGeJUvl0wfaMumif
trsKd;om;trsKd;orD; Oygoum OygodumrawGuwpfzuf
'DvdkuGJae&ifvnf; wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;
jrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf &[ef; ½Sif vlawGeJU ewfjA[®mawGuwpfzuf?
'DvdkuGJae&if wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;}}
a, bdu©a0 Aka'¨ yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g 0dygaum
a[mwd/
a, bdu©a0 0d&ma* "ar® yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g
0dygaum a[mwd/
a, bdu©a0 oHaC yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g 0dygaum
a[mwd/ ( tH 1? 343/)
&[ef;wdkU tMuifolwdkUonf Ak'¨jrwfpGm&wemüvnf;aumif;? &m*uif;aMumif; aumif;aom
w&m;ü vnf;aumif;? oHCmawmfüvnf;aumif; MunfñdkukeftHh? xdkolwdkUonf avmu"mwfwpf&yfvHk;wGif
tjrwfqHk; &wemay:ü Munfñdkol rnfukef\? tjrwfqHk; bk&m;&wemü MunfñdkolwdkUtm;
tjrwfqHk;tusdK;w&m; jzpf\/
6/ bdef;onf awGa0xdkif;rdIif;apouJhodkU bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk atmufarhrI
udk;uG,frIonf awGa0xdkif;rdIif;aponf r[kwfyg? trSefrSm ajzmifhrwfjzLpif Munfvif½Tifys okccsrf;om
eef;trwmodkUyif a&mufapEdkifaMumif; t*Fkwå&edum,? r[memrokwft& odomvSygonf bk&m;? ,ck
xdkokwfawmfudk om"u tjzpf xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
£" r[memr t&d,om0aum xxm*wH tEkó&wd/y/ ae0ó wo®ð ora,
&m*y&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd? e a'goy&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd? e arm[y&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd?
OZk*war0ó woð® ora, pdwåH a[mwd wxm*wH tm&AÇ/ OZk*wpdawåm acg ye r[memr
t&d,om0aum vbwd tw¬a0'H? vbwd "r®a0'H? vbwd "r®LyoH[dwH ygarmZÆH? yrk'dwó
yDwd Zm,wd? yDwdreó uma,m yórÇwd? yó'¨uma,m okcH a0'd,wd? okcdaem pdwåH
orm"d,wd/ t,H 0kpöwd r[memr t&d,om0aum 0dor*wm, yZm, oryÜawåm 0d[&wd?
oAsmyZÆm, yZm, tAsmyaZÆm 0d[&wd? "r®aomwH ormyaEém Ak'¨gEkówð bma0wd/
( tH 2? 252/)
«rSwfcsuf/ /"r® oHC wdkUvnf; enf;wlyg bk&m;/»
r[memrf þomoemawmfü t&d,mwynfhonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfudk tzefzef
atmufarh\/y/
r[memrf t&d,mwynfhonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfudkatmufarhaom tcgü xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&m*x<u aomif;usef;aom pdwf rjzpf? xdktcg xdkyk*d¾Kvftm; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfawmfudk tm½Hkûyí
ajzmifhrwfaom pdwfomvQif jzpf\/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
(u) vlaoNyD;aemuf vltjzpf enf;yg;í i&Jwd&pämef Nydwåm tol&um,f
tjzpfrsm;yHktaMumif;udk bk&m;ocifu t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfü þodkU wdwdusus a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
ao,sxmyd bdu©a0 tyÜrwåuH £ro®ð ZrÁK'Day tm&mr &mraP,suH 0e&mraP,suH
blrd&mraP,suH aygu©&Pd&mraP,suH/ tx acg {wa'0 A[kw&H? ,'d'H OuúLv 0dulvH
e'D0d'k*¾H cgPkuP³u|meH yAÁw0dorH/ {0ar0H acg bdu©a0 tyÜum aw owåm? a, rEkóm
pkwm rEkaóok ypöZm,EÅd/ tx acg {aw0 owåm A[kw&m? a, rEkóm pkwm ed&a,
ypömZm,EÅd/ y / wd&pämea,med,m ypömZm,EÅd/ y / aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd/ (tH? 1? 39/)
jrefrmjyef
]]&[ef;wdkU þZrÁL'dyfü arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom t&H? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom awm?
arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom ajr t&yf? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom a&uefonf tenf;i,frQom ½Sd\?
pifppfaomfum; csdKifh0Srf;jrifharmufaomajr? oGm;vm ul;cufaom jrpf? opfikwfql;ajimifh½Sdaom t&yf?
rnDñGwfaom awmifwdkUom rsm;ouJhodkU ... &[ef;wdkU þtwlyifvQif vlUjynfrS pkawí vljynfüyif
wpfzef jyefjzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUonf enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUjynfrSpkawí
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf 120
tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, (ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;)
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;--
þ bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfrsm;t& vlaovQif vljyefjzpfol enf;yg;í vlaovQif i&J wd&pämef
Nydwåm tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;aMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
,ckwpfzef vlaoNyD;aemuf ewfjynfü tjzpfenf;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;aMumif; om"uudkvnf;
xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
{0ar0H acg bdu©a0 tyÜum aw owåm? a, rEkóm pkwm a'a0ok ypömZ,EÅd/ tx
acg {aw0 owåm A[kw&m? a, rEkóm pkwm ed&a, ypömZm,EÅd? wd&pämea,med,m
ypömZm,EÅd? aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd/ (tH? 1? 39/)
jrefrmjyef
]]&[ef;wdkU þtwlyifvQif vlUjynfrS pkawí ewfjynfwdkUü jzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUonf
enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUjynfrS pkawí i&JbHkü jzpfMuukefaom wd&pämefrsdK;ü jzpfMuukefaom
NydwåmbHkü jzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\}}/ (tifjref? 1? 48/)
txufaz:jyyg bk&m;w&m;awmf (pum;awmf)t& vlaoNyD;aemuf ewf tjzpfenf;í tyg,fbHk
ta&mufrsm;aMumif; oufaoom"uudk awGUEdkifygonf bk&m;? þodkUawGUEdkifaomaMumifh ewfbHk
jA[®mbHkESifh tyg,fbHkwdkUudk y,fjcif;onf a½Twd*HkapwDudk vuf0g;apmif;ckwfNyD; zsuf&ef êud;pm;ouJhodkU
jzpfacsonf/
(c) vlESifhwd&pämef 2-bHkudkom vufcHjcif;? Nydwåm tol&um,f i&JbHkwdkUudk rsufawGU
vufawGUr[kwf? pdwful;,Of [k qdkjcif;rSmvnf; (qdkvwåHUaom 0dbif;ygVdawmft&) rSm;,Gif;aom
pum;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ygonf bk&m;/
(*) yuwdrSefajymif;BuD;jzifh MunfhvdkU rjrif&wmESifh ewfjynf jA[®mjynfawGqdkwm
b,fa&mufukefrSef;rodbl;[k qdkaom pum;rSmvnf; 31-bHkudk rSefajymif;ESifh vdkuf½Smaeojzifh &,fzG,f
jzpfygonf? ½kyf0g'orm;awGtzdkU ukodkvfuH tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ewfbHk jA[®mbHkwdkUudk rSefajymif;jzifh
b,faomtcgrS awGUjrifEdkifrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;/
(C) ewf jA[®m odMum;qdkwm pdwful;,Ofowå0gawG[k qdkxm;aom pum;rSmvnf;
a'0wmoH,kwf? jA[®oH,kwf? ouúoH,kwf ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifbuf vkyfjcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
31-bHk0g'udk Ak'¨vufcH½HkrQru atmufygtwdkif; "r®[',0dbif; ygVdawmfü a&wGufí
a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
umr"mwk,m Oyywådu©aP uó {um'om,wemed ygwkb0EÅd/
umrm0p&meH a'0geH? yXruyÜdumeH rEkómeH? MoyygwdumeH aywmeH? MoyygwdumeH
tok&meH? Moy ygwdumeH wd&päme*wmeH? ae&,dumeH? y&dykPÖm,wemeH Oyywådu©aP
{um'om, wemed ygwkb0EÅd/(y)
umr"mwk,m Oy0wådu©aP {awoH £rmed {um'om ,wemed ygwkb0EÅd/
(tbd? 2? 427/)
jrefrmjyef
umrbHk y#doaE¨cPü tb,fyk*¾dKvftm; tm,we(11)yg; jzpfukefoenf;/ tm,wejynfhpHkol?
umrm0p&ewf? urÇmOD;olvl? OyywfNydwåm? Oyywftol&um,f? Oyywfwd&pämef? i&Jom;wdkUtm;
y#doaE¨cPü tm,we(11)yg; xif½Sm;jzpfukef\? umrbHky#doaE¨cPü xdkolwdkUtm; þtm,we
(11)yg;wdkU xif½Sm; jzpfukef\/
þygVdawmfü ewfjynf 6-xyfç vlUbHkç tyg,fav;bHkwdkUudk wdkuf½dkufa[mjyxm;í umr(11)bHk
½SdaMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
½ly 16-bHk ½SdaMumif; taxmuftxm; om"uudk "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfüyif atmufygtwdkif;
azmfjyvdkufygonf bk&m;-
uwar "r®m ½lyg0p&m a[|awm jA[®avmuH y&d,EÅH u&dwGm Oy&dawm tueda|
a'a0 taEÅmu&dwGm ,H {wo®ð tEÅa& {w¬m0p&m {w¬ y&d,myEém ormyEéó 0g OyyEéó 0g
'd|"r®okc0d[m&dó 0g pdwåapwodum "r®m? £ar "r®m ½lyg0p&m/ (tbd? 2? 436/)
jrefrmjyef
tb,fw&m;wdkUonf ½lyg0p& rnfukefoenf;/ atmuftzdkUtm;jzifh jA[®yg&doZÆmbHkudk
tydkif;tjcm;ûyí txuftzdkUtm;jzifh tued|jA[®mwdkUudk twGif;ûyí þtMum;ü jzpfukefaom
tusHK;0ifukefaom ormywf0ifpm;ol? y#doaE¨aeol? rsufarSmufb0ü csrf;ompGm aeavh½Sdolrsm;\
pdwfapwodufw&m;wkdUonf ½lyg0p& rnfukef\/
þygVdawmfü ½ly 16-bHkudk wdkuf½dkuf a[mjyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
t½ly 4-bHk½SdaMumif; taxmuftxm; om"uudkvnf; "r®[',0dbif; ygVdawmfü
atmufygtwdkif; yg½Sdonfudk azmfjyvdkufygonf bk&m;-
uwar "r®m t½lyg0p&m a[|awm tmumomeÍöm,w Elya* a'a0 y&d,EÅH u&dwGm
Oy&dawm ae0onmemonm ,wElya* a'a0 taEÅm u&dwGm ,H {wo®ð taEÅa& {w¬m0p&m
{w¬ y&d,myEém ormyEéó 0g OyyEéó 0g 'd|ar®okc0d[m &dó 0g pdwåapwodum "r®m? £ar
"r®m? t½lyg0p&m/ (tbd? 2? 436/)
jrefrmjyef
tb,fw&m;wdkUonf t½lyg0p& rnfukefoenf;? atmuftzdkUtm;jzifh
tmumomeÍöm,wejA[®mwdkUudk tydkif;tjcm;ûyí txuftzdkUtm;jzifh ae0onmemonm,we
jA[®mwdkUudk twGif;ûyí þtMum;ü jzpfukefaom têuH;0ifukefaom ormywf0ifpm;ol? y#doaE¨aeol?
rsufarSmufb0ü csrf;ompGmaeavh&Sdolrsm;\ pdwfapwoduf w&m;wdkUonf t½lyg0p&wdkU rnfukef\/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
þygVdawmfü t½ly 4-bHkudk wdkuf½dkufa[mjyxm;ygonf bk&m;? "r®[',0dbif;ü vm½Sdaom
txufazmfjyyg pum;(3)&yfudk aygif;pyfvdkufaomtcg-
(u) umr 11-bHk?
(c) ½ly 16-bHk?
(*) t½ly 4-bHk?
tm;jzifh (31)bHk ppfppfBuD; jzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; rSwfom;Edkifygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
'geûyí ewfjynfa&mufyHk bk&m;a[mygVdudk "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfrSyif om"utjzpf
xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
1/ 'geH 'wGm oDvH orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm tayÜuapö pmwkr[m&mZdwmeH
a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
2/ tayÜuapö wm0wðomeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
3/ tayÜuapö ,mrmeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
4/ tayÜuapö wkodwmeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
5/ tayÜuapö edr®me&wDeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
Ewfjynf½SdaMumif; om"uudk azmfjyNyD;í i&J½SdaMumif;udk oHudpöZmwfawmf ygVdawmfrS
om"uudkvnf; xkwfjyygrnf bk&m;/
oÍÆDa0g umVokawåm p? oCFmawm a'G p a&m½k0g/
txmya&m r[m0Dpd? wmyaem p ywmyaem/
£apöaw t| ed&,m? tu©mwm 'k&wduúrm/
tmudPÖm vk'´uar®[d? yapöum aomVokó'g/ (tbd? 2? 437/)
þZmwfawmfygVdawmft& i&Jqdkwm txift½Sm;½SdaMumif; odEdkifygNyD bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
ewfESifhi&J xif½Sm;½Sdonfudk r½Sd[k qkdaom olrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? 31-bHkudk vufrcHaom
olwdkUonfvnf;aumif; pifppf t"r®0g'Drsm;jzpfí (t"ar®m ed&,H awed) [laom
oHudpöZmwfawmfygVdawmft& rvGJraoG i&JodkU us&rnfrSm aocsmygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí 31-bHkudk
vufrcHaom ¤if;wdkU\ 0g'rSmvnf; bk&m;a[m a'oemrsm;ESifh qefUusifygaomaMumifh pifppf
t"r®0g'rsm; jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
6/ t&d,mudk jypfrSm;vQif avmukwå&mw&m;xl;rS qHk;½IH;jcif; paom þtjypfig;rsdK;
êuH&onfudk olawmfaumif;rSeforQ b,folrS rvdkvm;Muyg? êuHvnf; rêuHvdkMuyg? bk&m;udkvnf;
r,HkMunfMuaom t"r®orm;rsm;taetm;jzifhum; t&d,moHCmudk apmfum;&Jjcif;udkyif
*kPfxl;BuD;wpfck[k xifcsif xifMuyg vdrfhrnf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifhyif t&d,moHCmudkyg apmfum;Mujcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm; txufyg pum;&yfrsm;udk avQmufxm;ae&jcif;rSm yxrapm'emvTm wifpOfu-
]]ewfrSDü oDwif;oHk;aexdkifMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf y&dwfr½GwfMuyg}} [k
ocifjrwfqdkifudk,fwdkifu 0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;-
[k wynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm; apm'emoGm;&mwGif pk'dwu OD;pE´m"du udk,fwdkifu apm'emrsm;\
apm'emvTmwGifyg0ifaom ¤if;wdkU y&dwfr½Gwfqdkaom apm'emrIrSm r[kwfaMumif; jiif;qdkoGm;ygonf
bk&m;/
odkU
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU?
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukef/
aeUpGJ? 2-1-81/
½dkaoav;jrwfpGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t½Sifoljrwfrsm; bk&m;-
wynfhawmfonf 1-1-81 aeYu awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm&odkU acwå a&mufoGm;ygonf bk&m;?
xdktcg ewfrSDü oDwif;oHk; aexdkifawmfrlMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;xHrS atmufyg tcsufrsm;udk
Mum;cJh&ygonf bk&m;/
¤if;wdkUrSm-
(1) *dkPf;*P0g'pGJ rxm;Muyg?
(2) twå'd|d,SOfaom tcsufrsm;udk a½SmifMuOfMuygonf?
(3) a&pufcsí yk*¾dKvfa&; tydkif,ljcif;rsdK; rûyMuyg?
(4) y&dwf r½GwfMuyg?
(5) wPSm'd|dESifh ,SOfaom qkawmif; qkay;rI rvkyfMuyg?
(6) twdwf tem*wfqdkif&m ur®0g'udk a&SmifMuOfMuygonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif
trSwf-4? pdefcs,fvrf;?usduúqH&yf
a½T*Hkwdkifpmwdkuf? &efukef/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm;onf pk'dwu OD;qE´m"duudk,fwdkif csifhcsdefEdkif&ef ewfrSDudk,fawmfrsm;
y&dwfr½GwfMuygqdkaom taxmuftxm;udk wifjyavQmufxm;&ygonf bk&m;/
þudpöESifh pyfvsOf;í OD;qE´m"duonf y&dwf½Gwf a&pufcs ponfvkyfygu ocifjrwfqdkifu
r[kwfrrSef a&;om;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;? OD;qE´m"duESifh ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU tjyifrSm ½Sif;Mu&efom
&Sdygonf bk&m;/
pk'dwu OD;qE´m"duudk,fwdkif yxrapm'emvTm wifoGif;pOfu þ½Hk;awmfa½SUwGif ¤if;wdkU
y&dwf½GwfMuaMumif; 0efcHajymqdkjcif;udk wynfhawmfrsm;u 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf om"kac:ygaMumif;
avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm; q&mpOfquf oif,lcJh&onfrSm y&dwfBuD;(11)okwfom jzpfygonf bk&m;?
y&dwfawmfrsm;ü bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm; ygygonf bk&m;? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|url ¤if;a[maom
wdwfacGwGif y&dwfBuD;rsm;udk r,HkrMunf ypfy,f ykwfcwfxm;ygonf bk&m;? r,HkMunf½HkrQru y&dwfBuD;
(12)okwf [lívnf; aumif; t&nf;BuD;vufusef[lí vnf;aumif; tremy ajyma[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
vlwdkif;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; usef;rmrIonf ya,m*ç Owkç tm[m&ç pdwåç ur® [laom
tajccHtaMumif;rsm;ay:wGif wnf½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
txufazmfjyyg tajccHtaMumif;w&m;rsm; rnDrQí obm0vrf;aMumif; azmufjyefvsuf
a0'emwpfck jzpfay:vmaom Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUonf acwfrD aq;q&m0efESifh aq;rsm;udk
rSD0JMuonfhenf;wl y&dwfcsnf y&dwfa& paom pdwfûyjyifenf;ç uHjr§ifhwifenf;ç emrf aq;wdkUjzifhvnf;
,xmblw obm0usus ukpm;vsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfwdkif EIwfawmfwGwfwGwf ½Gwfí a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom edum,fig;&yf
yd#uoHk;oG,f ygVdawmfrsm;rS t½Snfudk ajrmfjrifawmfrlMuaom a½S;acwf omoemawmfapmifh
rax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf xdky&dwfawmfrsm;udk waygif;wnf pkaygif; xkwfEkwfí y&dwfBuD;[laom trnfjzifh
oD;jcm; usrf;wpfapmiftjzpf pDpOfxm;cJhMuygonf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoe paom taygif;ygwdkUonf y&dwfawmfrsm;udk r,HkMunf
ykwfcwfqJa&; xm;aomfvnf; bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif y&dwfawmfrsm;udk cGifhûycJhaMumif;
ygVdtaxmuftxm;rsm; ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
'DCedum,f ygxdu0*f tm#mem#d,okwfygVdawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkUtm;
atmufygtwdkif; tm#mem#d, t&Htwm;udk oif,lavhvm aqmifxm;Mu&ef wdkufwGef;awmfrlxm;onfudk
awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
O*¾PSmx bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H y&d,mykPmx bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H? "ma&x
bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H? tw¬oH[dwm bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,m &u©m bdu©LeH bdu©LeDeH
OygoumeH OygodumeH *kwåd,m &u©m, t0d[ðom, zmok0d[m&m,mwd/ ('D? 3? 174/)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;udk oif,lMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU
tm#mem#d,rnfaomy&dwf\ t&Htwm;udk tzefzef avhvmMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom
y&dwft&Htwm;udk aqmifMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;onf
tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhpyf\? tm#mem#d, rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;onf &[ef;a,mufsm;ç &[ef;rdef;rç
Oygouma,mufsm;ç Oygodumrdef;rwdkU\ tumtuG,f tapmifhta&Smuf jzpfjcif;iSmç
rqif;&Jryifyef;jcif;iSmç csrf;ompGm ae&jcif;iSm jzpf\/ ('D? jref-3? 194/)
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
0denf;yd#u ygpdwfygVdawmf bdu©KeD0dbif; wd&pämeuxm odu©myk'f ESpfck\
temywåd0g&wdkUüvnf;-
temywåd *kwåw¬m,? y&dwåH y&d,mykPmwd/
temywåd *kwåw¬m,? y&dwåH 0gapwd/ (0d? 2? 402-403/)
[k ab;&efrS vHkûcHa&;twGuf y&dwfudk oif,lydkUcsaom &[ef;rdefrtm; tmywfrS uif;vGwfcGifhay;aom
ynwfcsufudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
þodu©myk'fü cGifhûytyfaom y&dwf[lonf-
y&dwåEÅd ,u©y&wåem*r@vm'dab'H oAÁr®d 0¥wd - (0d |? 3? 215/)
[laom t|uxmESifh tnD wapäo&JEkdifrEÅef? ajrGEdkifrEÅef ponfwkdU jzpfygonf bk&m;/ bk&m;a[m
r[kwfaom þrEÅefrsKd;udkyif oif,lcGifh ydkUcscGifh ûyawmfrlonfqkdvQif bk&m;a[mjzpfonfh y&dwfwkdUudkrlum;
txl;qdkzG,fr½Sd cGifhûyjyD;yif jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;/ xkdUtjyif &[ef;rdef;rwkdUtm; cGifhûyonf qkdxm;ojzihf
&[ef;a,mufsm;ESifhwuG vl'um? 'umrwkdUtm;vnf; cGifhûyjyD;yif jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;/
jrefrmjyef
vloHk;yg;wkdU\ tMuD;trª; em,ujzpfawmfrlaom oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
ylaZmfouJhokdU y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmf rljyD;aom bk&m;½Sif\ rkefnif;aphrQavmufaom "mwfawmfudkvnf;
ylaZmfav/
Munfñdkaomfpdwf ,dkzdwfwlnDvQif aumif;rIukokdvfvnf; wlrQonf/ xdkUaMumifh apwDykxdk;
ûyvkyfí bk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;udk ylaZmfav/
oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;üjzpfap? y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlaom bk&m;üjzpfap? pdwfxm;rI wlrQvQif
tusKd;&vm'fvnf; wlrQayonf/ rSef\/ pdwf\ awmifhwarQmfvifhcsuf t&omvQif owå0gwkdUonf
ok*wdbHkodkY a&mufMu&jrJ jzpfayownf;/
9/ apwDykxdk; wnfxm;udk;uG,fxdkufaom bk&m;jrwfpGm? yapöuAk'¨g? bk&m;wynfhom0u?
pMu0aw;rif;? þav;yg;wkdUudk xlyg&[ xkdufonfukdvnf; bk&m;jrwfpGm atmufygtwkdif;
rdefUawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
pwåma&mar tmeE´ xlyg&[m/ uwar pwåma&m/ wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g
xlyg&a[m? yapöuAk'¨g orÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m? wxm*wó om0aum xlyg&a[m? &mZmpuú0wåD
xlyg&a[mwd/ ('D? 2? 117/)
jrefrmjyef
tmeE´m þav;yg;ukefaom yk*¾dKvfwdkUudk apwDwnfxdkufukef\/ tb,fav;yg;wkdUenf;[lrl-
ylaZmftxl;ukd cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk) udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
apwDwnfxkduf\/ yapöuAk'¨gudk apwDwnfxkduf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ om0uudk apwDwnfxkduf\/
pMu0aw;rif;udk apwDwnfxkduf\/ (þav;yg;wkdUwnf;)/ ('D? jref? 2/ 136/)
10/ bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwf\ "mwfawmf? arGawmf? qHawmf paom apwDykxdk;
½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk vlewfjA[®m owå0gtaygif;wkdU ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfjcif;udk ûycJh&m y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmf
rljyD;aom bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwfESifh xyfwlxyfrQ Munfvifaom yoEéo'¨gjzpfrIjcif; wlnDvQif
wlaomtusKd;tmedoifrsm;udk &Sdckd;ylaZmfaomoltm; cHpm;xkdufonf[k bk&m;jrwfpGm
atmufyga'oemawmfjzifh rdefYawmfrlygonf bk&m;
udOömeE´ tw¦0oH y#dpö wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m? ]]t,H wó
b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó xlayg}} wd tmeE´ A[kZem pdwåH yoma'EÅd? aw ww¬ pdwåH
yoma'wGm um,ó ab'g y&H r&Pm ok*wð o*¾H avmuH OyyZÆEÅd/ £'H acg tmeE´ tw¬0oH
y#dpö wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m/ ('D? 2? 118/)
jrefrmjyef
tmeE´m tb,fodkUaom tusKd;xl;udkpGJí ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom (tvHk;pHkaom
w&m;wkdUudk) udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk apwDwnfxkdufoenf;/
tmeE´m ]]þ (apwD) onf ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUudk)
udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom xkdjrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDawmf[k vltrsm;wdkUonf pdwfjzihfMunfñdkukef\/
xkdolwkdUonf xkd (apwD) ü pdwfjzifhMunfñdkjyD;aom cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í aojyD;onfrSaemufü
aumif;aomvm;&m ewfjynfodkU a&muf&ukef\/
tmeE´m ]]þtusKd;xl;udk pGJí ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk)
udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk apwDwnfxkduf\/ ('D? jref? 2? 137/)
11/ uvd*FaAm"dZmwf t|uxm pmrsufESm (229) üvnf; bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwf
y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrljyD;aemuf ½lyum,jzpfaom cE¨mawmfudk pGJíjzpfaom om&D&du "mwfawmf?
bk&m;½Sif\ toHk;taqmifjzpfaom oydwf y&du©&m paom y&dabm*? bk&m;½Sifudk &nfrSwfí
xkvkyftyfaom ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfwdkUonf apwDxkduf\ [k zGifhqkdrdefUawmfrlxm;ygonf bk&m;/
12/ 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*¾ t|uxm pmrsufESm (81-82) üvnf; "mwfawmfawG ½SdaeorQ
bk&m;½Sifvnf; oufawmfxif½Sm; ½Sdonfrnfay\ [k jyqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
13/ þodkU ponfjzifh ouFef;awmf? qHawmf? "mwfawmf paom ylZm&[ ylaZmfxdkufonfwkdUudk
ylaZmforIûy&mü tusKd;&yHk tzHkzHkudk tjrGufrQ avQmufxm;jyD;ygjyD bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdU\ "mwfawmfarGawmf ponfrsm;tay: uJh&JU½Iwfcs
ykwfcwfqJa&;rIrsm;onf t"r®0g'rsm;omjzpfí xkdt"r®0g'rsm;udk vkdufema&;om;
jzefUjzL;aeolrsm;onfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/
umrkyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
wdyd#u ygVd-jrefrm tbd"mef twGJ (5) pmrsufESm (562) rSm vdkcsifzG,fumrudk jrJjrHpGm ,lwwf
pGJvrf;wwfaom oabm? vdkcsifzG,f umrudk jyif;xefpGm ,lwwf pGJvrf;wwfaom oabm[k umrkyg'ge=
umrkyg'gefudk bmomjyefqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/ rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (68) ü
]]umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif;? umrkyg'gef}} [k bmomjyefxm;ygonf bk&m;/ xkdodkU jrefrmjyefqkdxm;jcif;onf
uw¬ uwrH umrkyg'geH? a,m umarok umrpäaE´m = xkdOyg'gef av;yg;wdkUwGif vkdcsifzG,f umrudk
'd|Kyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
'd|Kyg'gefudk bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfESifhtnD ,cktcg ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;?
pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom t,lrSm;onf 'd|Kyg'gefjzpfygonf bk&m;/ (t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;? 'd|Kyg'gef)
[lí rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (68) ü bmomjyefxm;ygonf bk&m;/ t,lrSm;ü
pGJvrf;jcif; qkdaom pum;udk txl;owdûyzkdU ta&;MuD;ygonf bk&m;? t,lrSefü pGJjrJjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef
rjzpf? t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;om 'd|Kyg'gefjzpfonf[k qkdvdkjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
]]tyÜ0do,med £w&med pwkpdwåorma,m*g= usef 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gefwkdUonf tukodkvfavmbrl? 'd|d*worÜ,kwf pdwf (4) yg;ESifh wGJ,SOfjcif;aMumifh
umrkyg'gefavmuf t&mrus,f? t&musOf;\}} [lí 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxm 'kwd,tkyf pmrsufESm (285) ü
t|uxmq&mu taotcsm ½Sif;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/ 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef
oHk;rsKd;vHk;yif tukodkvfoufouf jzpf½kHrQomru tjrifrSm;aom 'd|dapwoduf w&m; wpfrsKd;wnf;udkyif
emrnfoHk;rsKd;cGJum toD;tjcm; ac:a0:xm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí
½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; ,lqEkdifatmif rlvyPÖmo t|uxm? yxrtkyf? pmrsufESm (223) ü ]]oDvAÁwkyg'ge?
twå0g'kyg'ge 0ZÆó oAÁ'd|duwaówH t"d0pe = 'd|Kyg'gef[laom a0g[m&onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gef 'd|dESpfrsKd;rSwpfyg; usefrdpämt,lrSm;tm;vHk;\ a0g[m&jzpfonf/
(usefrdpämt,lrSm;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkifaom a0g[m&jzpfonf) [lí ½Sif;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom t,lrSm; 'd|Kyg'gefESifh ywfoufí bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwkdif
½Sif;vif;a[mMum;xm;yHkrsm;udk qufvufavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
'd|Kyg'gef
uw¬ uwrH 'd|Kyg'geH = xdkOyg'gef av;yg;wkdUwGif jyif;pGm ,lwwf? pGJvrf;wwfaom tjrifrSm;rI
'd|Kyg'gef[lonf tb,fenf;? bk&m;½Sifonf þodkU ar;awmfrljyD;vQif udk,fawmfwkdifyif
jyefvnfajzMum;cJhygonf/
(1) ew¬d'dEéH - ay;vª&jcif; tusKd;onf r½Sd/ (þodkU ,ljcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfygonf/)
(2) ew¬d okuw'kuú#meH ur®meH zvH 0dygaum - aumif;pGm ûytyf? raumif;ojzifh
ûytyfaom aumif;rI raumif;rI uHwkdU\ tusKd;rsm;? tusKd;quf zv? tusKd;&if;
0dygufonf r½Sd/
(þodkU ukokdvfuH tukokdvfuHwkdU\ ckb0 aemufb0 jzpf&rnfh tusKd;w&m;udk r,HkMunfjcif;onf
'd|Kyg'gef jzpfygonf/)
(3) ew¬d ya&m avmaum - wrvGefavmuonf r½Sd/
oDvAÁwkyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
,ck oDvAÁwkyg'gef\ taMumif;udk avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;-
ww¦ uwrH oDvAÁwkyg'geH? £awm A[d'¨g orPjAm[®PmeH oDave od'¨d 0awe ok'¨d
oDvAÁawe ok'¨Dwd ,m {0½lyg 'd|d - xkdOyg'gefav;yg;wkdUwGif EGm;? acG; ponfwdkU\ tavhtusifhudk
pifMu,f\[k jyif;pGm ,lrI pGJvrf;rI oDvAÁwkyg'gef [lonf tb,fenf;/ þomoemawmfrS tjyifty
jzpfukefaom &[ef;? ykPÖm;? orP? jAm[®PwkdU\ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhoDvjzihf udavomrS
pifMu,f\/ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\ tusifh0wfjzifh udavomrS pifMu,f\/ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\
tavhtusifh oDvAÁwjzifh udavomrS pifMu,f\[k þodkUoabm½Sdaom tjrifrSm;rIonf oDvAÁwkyg'gef
jzpfygonf bk&m;/ ("r®o*FPD ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef-445)
þygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlxm;onfhtwdkif; EGm;vdkacG;vdk av;bufaxmufoGm;jcif; ponfudk
udavomjidrf;aMumifh tusifhaumif;tjzpf ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef jzpfygonf/ vGJvGJrSm;rSm;
usihfjcif;rsKd;[k omrntm;jzifh ajymEkdifygonf/
b0wPSmESifh 0db0wPSm
½lyg½lyba0 wPSm b0wPSm = ½lyjA[®mb0 t½lyjA[®mb0ü wyfrufwwfaom wPSmonf
b0wPSm jzpf\/ (t|omvdeD? |? 398/)
Oapä' ocFgaw 0dba0wPSm 0db0wPSm = owå0gaovQif jywfoGm;onf/
b0qufrjzpfawmh[k ,lqaomtm;jzihf b0jywfjcif;[k qkdtyfaom 0db0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf
0db0wPSmrnf\/ (t|omvdeD? t|uxm? 398/)
oów'd|d o[*awm [d &ma*? b0wPSmwd 0kpöwd = oów'd|d (vlaovljzpf jrJ\ paom
t,lrSm;) ESifh twlwuG jzpfaom avmbudk b0wPSm[lí qkdtyf\/ (0dok'¨d? |? 2? 202)
Oapä''d|d o[*awmwd &ma*g? 0db0wPSmwd 0kpöwd = Oapä''d|d (aovQifjyD;a&m
aemufb0r&Sd[k ,laom t,l) ESifh twlwuGjzpfaom avmbudk 0db0wPSm[lí qkdtyf\/ (0dok'¨d? |?
2? 202)
umrb0qkdwm bmvJ
]]aom pwkEHé tyg,meH rEkómeH qEéOö a'0avmumeH 0aoe {um'o0da"m ya'aom
]]umarm {w¬ t0p&wD}} wd umrm0pa&m/ (tbd? |? 1? 104) ww¬ y&d,myaEé "ar® oE¨m,
oaAÁyd umrm0p&m "r®mwd 0kwåH/
tyg,fav;bHk vlUbHk ewfajcmufbHk wdkU\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh wpfq,fhwpfyg;aom t&yfudk
]]umrw&m;ESpfyg;\ usifvnf&m jzpfaomaMumifh umrm0p&[k qdktyf\}} (bHk-umrm0p&)
xkdumrbHkü tusHK;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfw&m;wkdUukd &nf½G,fí tvHk;pHkaom umrm0p&
w&m;wkdU[k qkdtyf\/ (pdwf apwoduf ½kyfwkdUudk umrm0p&)
þygVd t|uxmvm pum;wkdUudk ppfxkwf n§dEdIif;,lvdkufaomtcg umrbHkü jzpfapwwfaom
uHudkvnf;aumif;? uHaMumifh jzpfaom tusKd;0dyguf emru©E¨m u#wåm½kyfudkvnf;aumif;? umr (11)
bHkudkvnf;aumif;? xkdü tusKH;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? umrb0[lí
yk-'d-tm
ykaAÁ ed0gaomwd ykaAÁ twDwZmwDok ed0kw¬u©E¨m/ (yg&mZduPf t|uxm? y/ 128)
ykaAÁ ed0goEÅd oreEÅ&mwDwH b0H tm'ð uwGm ww¬ ww¬ ed0kw¬oEÅmeH/
(yg&mZduPf t|uxm ? y/ 128)
þtzGifh oH0PÖemrsm;t& a½S;ü aezl;aom cE¨mtpOfudk atmufarhEdkifaom owdESifh,SOfaom
ÓPfonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf rnfygonf/
'dAÁo'dowåm 'dAÁH /y/ £'Íöyd 0D&d,bm0emAvedAÁwåH ÓPpu©K wm'doar0gwd
'dAÁowåm 'dAÁH/ (yg&ZduPf t|uxm ? y/ 132)
þtzGifh oH0PÖemrsm;t& ewfrsufpduJhodkU jrifpGrf;Edkifaom ÓPfonf ‘'dAÁpu©KÓPf rnfygonf
bk&m;/
t&[wåra*¾g [d tmo00demoeawm tmo0geH ca,mwd 0kpöwd/
(yg&ZduPf t|uxm? y/ 136)
tmo0wdkUudk zsufqD;wwfaom t&[wår*fÓPfonf tmo0wdkUudk ukefapwwfaomaMumifh
to0u©,ÓPf rnfygonf/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS xkwfa0aom ]trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf (1) pmapmif} pmrsufESm
(7)vm ykaAÁed0go ponfh zGifhqdkcsufwdkUrSm trSefw&m;udk a½Smif½Sm;í trSm;rsm;udk okawooeûyxm;aom
pum;rsm;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
ewfESifhi&J
ewfqdkonfhygVdpum;rSm jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udk ac:\[k pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUqdkjcif;rSm
usrf;*efudk ususee rod½SdbJ ajymoHMum;ESifh jzef;awm&rf;awm vkyfxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;
usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;u odMuygonf? ]]emx}} ygVdrS ewf[laom jrefrma0g[m& &onf[k
a0g[m&aA'ynm½SifwdkUu qdkygonf? ]]'dAÁ}} [laom ygVdonf umr*kPfig;yg;jzifh xGef;yjcif;[k t"dyÜg,f
½Sdygonf? ewfwdkUonf 'ge½Sif oDv½Sif rsm;jzpfí csrf;ompGm ae&onfudk &nfñTef;ygonf/
,ck i&J&Spfxyf a0g[m&rSefudk Zmwut|uxm? yÍörtkyf(287)ü vmonfhtwdkif; ½Sif;jyygrnf
bk&m;/
(u) ykeyÜKeH oÍÆD0EÅd {w¬mwd oÍÆa0g= n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufrI'Pfudk cH&aomfvnf; raoEdkifbJ
tzefzef touf½SifouJhodkU cHae&aom i&Jonf oÍÆD0i&J rnf\/
0daooapm'em trSwf(16)
16/ ax&0g' yd#uwfvm t&d,mESifhedAÁmefudk pdwful;,Of vlaovljzpf t,ltqESifh udkufnDatmif
jyifqifzGifhqdk a&;om;jcif; apm'emqdkif&m 0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfwdkUü t&d,m[laom yk'fudk þuJhodkU zGifhqdkxm;ygonf-
t&d,/ (wd) «(1) tm&umo'´gudk ed½kwådenf;jzifh t&d,ûy udavomeH tm&uwåm
t&da,m ed½kwådea,e/ om&w¬ 1 171? (oD? #D? opf? 2? 290/ 'D? #D? 2? 342/ r? #D? 1? 196/)
udavao[d t&umwd t&da,m ,'g'dem tm&umo'´ó t&d,ma'aom/ olpd? 39/
(2) t,+£&d,+t/ ed½kw¬denf;jzifh t&d,ûy? r? #D 1 62/ oH? #D? 2? 202-3? rlv? #D? 1?
162/ yg&mZduPf *P²dopf? 1? 34? wdkUMunfh/
(3) t&d+ [e+ uGd / udavom&a,m [e[Dwd t&a[m/ aom {0 t&da,m/ "mef? #D?
435/
(4) t&+Ps/ t& *rae 0g/ t&wd t"d*päwd r*¾zv"ar®wd t&da,m/ "mef? #D? 435/
t& *rae? aPsm? £um&m*arm/ "mef? #D? 693-6? tm,D-oH»
þ jyqdkavQmufxm;csufrsm;onf wdyd#u ygVd jrefrmtbd"mef twGJ-3? pmrsufESm 530-rS
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þtbd"meftaetm;jzifh t&d,qdkaomyk'fonf
(1) tm&umo'´grS t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(2) t, yk'f+£&d, yk'f+ t ypönf;tm;jzifh t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(3) t&[ yk'fu t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(4) t&yk'f Psypönf;tm;jzifh t&d, jzpfvmonf[k qdkygonf/
xdkuJhodkU jzpfvmaom xdkt&d,o'´g\ teufrsm;udk xdkwdyd#u ygVd-jrefrmtbd"mefusrf;BuD;ü
qufvuf jyqdkxm;ygonf/
t&d,qdkonfrSm
(1) (u) tjypfr½Sd tjypfuif;aom? aumif;aom/
(c) udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;-pifMu,f-aom? jzLpifaom jrifhjrwfaom/
(*) edAÁmefudk tvdk½SdaomolwdkUonf odtyf-a&muftyf-aom/
(C) rcRwfr,Gif;-rSefuef-aom/
(i) qkwf,kwfysufpD;aMumif; w&m;ü rjzpfwwfaomol/
(p) owå0gwdkUtm; aumif;aomusifh0wfukd oif,lapwwf oifay;wwfaomol/
(2) t&d,myk*¾dKvf-
(u) udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;aomç tusdK;pD;yGm;rJhudk rjzpfapwwfaomç tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
jzpfapwwfaom owåavmuonf udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyftyfaom
udavom&efoludk owfwwfaom r*fzdkvfw&m;udk &aom-jzLpifoefU½Sif;aom
yk*¾dKvf? y#da0"t&d,myk*¾dKvf/
(c) aumif;aom tusifh&Sdaomç tusifhaumif;aom yk*¾dKvf? tmpm& t&d,myk*¾dKvf
ponfjzifh jyqdk xm;ygonf bk&m;/
t&d,mqdkonfrSm tmpm&t&d,m? 'óet&d,m? vd*Ft&d,m? y#da0"t&d,m [lí
av;rsdK;½SdaMumif; udk Zmwu|uxm 'kwd,tkyf ESm-256 ü qdkxm;ygonf? y#da0"t&d,m qdkonfrSm
tusOf;tm;jzifh r*¾|mef av;a,mufç zv|mefav;a,mufwdkU jzpfygonf/
þuJhodkU jrifhjrwfaom olawmfpif t&d,mocifrsm;udk Ak'¨omoemawmfü tav;*½kûyí
wefzdk;xm;cJhMuygonf? þuJhodkU tav;*½kûyí wefzdk;xm;tyfaom t&d,mocifrsm;udk yHysufyef;ysuf
jzpfatmif uyfoD; uyfoyf zsufqD;Muygonf bk&m;? ]]t&d,mqdkwJh pum;udk yk'fcGJvdkufawmh
t&+£,+tm qdkwJh yk'foHk;ckudk pyffxm;wm jzpfw,f? 'DoHk;yk'frSm t&-u= vltar? £,-u= vltaz?
tm= vkyfwm? vltar vltazawG vkyfvdkUjzpfwm t&d,m}} vdkU qdkvdkw,f[k a&;om;MuonfrSm
Ak'¨omoemtm; w&m;vGef apmfum;jcif;omjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;vdkygonf bk&m;/
rudkufnDyg bk&m;? edAÁmef onf owå0gwdkU\ tZÑwåü &½Sdtyfaomw&m;rsdK; r[kwf tyüom &½Sdtyfaom
A[d'¨w&m;rsdK;omjzpfaMumif; "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü ]]A[d'¨g "r®m}} [k a[mawmfrlxm;ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
txufazmfjyyg 'd|"ar®m paom yk'fwdkU\ bk&m;½Siftvdkusteufrsm;udk atmufyg
t|uxmzGifhESifhtnD azmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
'da|m t&d,opö"ar®m {awemwd 'd|"ar®m/ {o ea,m aooya'okyd/ wdPÖm 0dpdudpäm
taeemwd wdPÖ0dpdudapäm/ 0d*wm uxHuxm tómwd 0d*wuxHuaxm/ a0om&ZæyÜawåmwd
a0om&ZÆH yawåm? uw¬ ow¬Komoae/ emó ya&m ypöa,m e y&ó o'¨g, {w¬ 0wåwDwd
ty&yÜpöa,m/ (r? |? 3? 66/)
jrefrmjyef
jriftyfNyD;aom t&d,opömw&m; ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf 'd|d"r® rnf\?
<uif;aom ywå"r®ç 0d'dw"r®ç y&da,m*gV§"r® yk'fwdkUüvnf; þtpDt&iftwdkif;yifwnf;?
vGefajrmuftyfNyD;aom 0dpdudpäm ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf wdPÖ0dpdudpäm rnf\? uif;aom
tb,fodkUygvdrfh[k ajymqdkaMumif; 0dpdudpäm ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf 0d*wuxHux
rnf\? a0om&ZÆyÜwå [lonfum; uif;aom ½GHU½Sm;jcif;½Sdol\ tjzpfodkU a&mufoenf;? jrwfpGmbk&m;\
omoemawmfü uif;aom ½GHU½Sm;jcif;½Sdol\ tjzpfodkU a&mufNyD? aomwmyef\ olwyg;[laom pGJí
jzpf&monf (0g) ,HkMunfxdkufolonf r½Sd? olwyg;udk ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh þomoemawmfü usifhonf
r[kwfaomaMumifh aomwmyefonf ty&yÜpö, rnf\/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
txufazmfjyyg ygVd t|uxmrsm;t& bk&m;½Sifonf 'd|"ar®m paom yk'frsm;udk
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odjrifNyD;aom t&d,myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk &nf½G,fí a[mxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odEdkifygonf
bk&m;/
"r®pMumudk bk&m;a[mygVd? t|uxm? #DumESifhtnD ay;&aom teufESifh OD;Ouú|ay;xm;aom
teuf b,fvdkuGmjcm;aeonfudk trSefw&m; pl;prf;vdkonfh vli,frsm; EdIif;,SOfMunfhoifhygonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
tbd"r®mq&mpdefqdkola&;aom twå0g'ESifh wm0wðomtbd"r®m pmtkyfwGif "r®pMum
a'oemawmfvm 'ku©opöm a[myk'frsm;udk olxif&m jrif&m aygufwwfu& teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk rlv
apm'emvTmü avQmufxm; apm'emNyD;ygNyD bk&m;/
tbd"r®mq&mpdef &rf;um;pGm teufay;xm;aom 'ku©opöm a[myk'frsm;udk q&mawmf OD;Ak"fu
bk&m;½Siftvdkawmfus teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk avQmufxm; azmfjyyg&ap bk&m;/
Zmwdyd? y#doaE¨ae&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpf\/
Z&myd? qdk;&Gm;a[mif;jrif; tdkrif;&ifha&mf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif;\taMumif;
jzpf\
Asm"dyd? zsm;em&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; jzpf\/
r&PrÜd? ao&jcif;onfvnf;? 'ku©H? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; jzpf\/
tyÜda,[d? rcspfrESpfvdktyfaom owå0gocFg&wdkUESifh/ orÜa,ma*g? twlwuG
aygif;,SOf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&J\/
yda,[d? cspfESpfvdktyfaom owå0gocFg&wdkUESifh/ 0dyÜa,ma*g? auGuGif; uif;uGm
½SJcGmzJMunf raygif;,SOf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&J\/
,H ydpäH? tMuif y#doaE¨ae&jcif; paom oabmw&m; ightm; rjzpfygrl aumif;avpG
ponf jzifh awmifhwjcif;udk/ e vbwd? r&tyf/ wrÜd? xdk awmifhwwdkif; r&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©H?
qif;&J\/
oHcdawåe? tusOf;tm;jzifh? yÍö? ig;yg;ukefaom/ Oyg'geu©E¨myd? Oyg'gef\ tm½Hkjzpfaom
cE¨mwdkUonfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jukef\/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
tbd"r®mq&mpdef qdkolonf ol\ twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®mpmtkyfüyif ]]t,ar0 aom
t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g}} ygVdudk vdif0kpfrrSef o'´g[eftaerus teufay;xm;onfudkvnf; rlv
apm'emvTmü wifjyavQmufxm;cJhygonf bk&m;? ]]t&da,m? jrwfaom / t, ar0 ra*¾g? þr*fonfvQif/
t|*Øaum? t*Fg½Spfyg;ESifh jynfhpHk\}} [laom teufonf o'´grSef yk'frSef teufrSef jzpfygonf? cdkifcHhaom
bmompum; rSeforQ pnf;urf;½Sdygonf? ygVdç ouúw paom bmompum;BuD;rsm;onf pnf;pepf½Sdaom
bmomrsm; jzpfygonf? xdkUaMumifh ygVdbmomudk o'´grrSef aygufwwfu& vkyfypfygu t"dyÜm,frSef
r&Edkifawmhyg? pufbD;pD;wwfolonf vJatmif b,fvdkvkyfvkyf rvJyg? ygVdwwf ynm½Sifrsm;onfvnf;
rSm;atmif wrifvkyfwmawmif rrSm;yg? OD;Ouú|wdkU q&mpdefwdkUrSmum; ygVdo'´gESifh ygVdpmayudk aumif;pGm
rwwfí pufbD;rpD;wwfaom oluJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/
0daooapm'em trSwf ( 18 )
18/ twåaemrwd- rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m
jzpfav [ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifhywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ twåaemrwd= rdrdxif&m ajymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfav[ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifh ywfoufí ]bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m
vkyfrIonf} bmomoemzsuf tûytrlrsdK; jzpfaMumif; oufaoom"ursm;jzifh avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
2/ yd#uoHk;oG,f edum,fig;jzm a'oemawmfonf olvdkigvdk omrefyk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufu
awG;awmMuHpnfNyD; a[mxm;aom a'oemr[kwf? av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk;
yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;yl;NyD;rS oHk;avmuxG#fxm; bk&m;tjzpfodkU a&mufNyD;aom w&m;tm;vHk;udk
tukeftpif odjrifawmfrlonfh bk&m;½Sifu oAÁñkwa½TÓPfawmfBuD;jzifh odjrifNyD; a[mMum;xm;aom
w&m;a'oemawmfrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkw&m;a'oemawmfrsm;rSm jznfhzG,f pGufzG,f y,fzG,f EkwfzG,f
r½SdaMumif;udk oDvu©efygVdawmf omrnzvokwfü þodkU a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
aom "r®H a'aowd tm'duvsmPH raZÑuvsmPH y&da,maomeuvsmPH? omw¬H oAsÍöeH
au0vy&dykPÖH y&dok'¨H jA[®p&d,H yumaowd/ ('D? 1? 59/)
þygVdawmfudk atmufygtwdkif; ½Sif;vif; azmfjytyfygonf bk&m;-
uvsmP*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfrsm;onf yxryg'jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? 'kwd,ç wwd,yg'jzifh
tv,fü aumif;jcif;? pwkw¬yg'jzifh tqHk;ü aumif;jcif;*kPf/
ed'gef;jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? tv,fpum;&yfjzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? ed*Hk;pum;&yfjzifh tqHk;ü
aumif;jcif; *kPf/
yxrtEkoaE¨jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? tv,ftEkoaE¨jzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? tqHk;tEkoaE¨jzifh
tqHk;ü aumif;jcif; *kPf/
oDvorm"djzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? 0dyóemr*fwdkUjzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? zdkvfç edAÁmefwdkUjzifh
tqHk;ü aumif;jcif;*kPf? þodkU tpç v,f tqHk; oHk;yg;vHk; aumif;jcif;*kPfESifh jynfhpHkaom
a'oemawmfrsm; jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
ow¬*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf rsufarSmuftusdK; wrvGeftusdK; avmuDtusdK; avmukwå&m tusdK;
ESifh jynfhpHkyg\/
ouFmoe = tusOf;tm;jzifh jyqdktyfaom teuf?
yumoe = a½S;OD;pGm jyqdktyfaom teuf?
0d0&P = tusOf;udk tus,fzGifhqdktyfaomteuf?
0dbZe = jyqdktyfNyD;onfudk wzefa0zeftyfaom teuf?
OwåmeDu&P = zGifhqdkNyD;onfudk txl;wvnf tus,fw0ifh zGifhqdktyfaom teuf?
ynmye = a0zeftyfNyD;udk (ay:vGifonfxuf ay:vifatmif) jynfhjynfhpHkpHk
odaptyfaom teuf/
þqdkcJhNyD;aom tusdK;pD;yGm; teufrsm;ESifh jynfhpHk<u0aom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
oAsÍÆe*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf-
tu©& = wpfvHk; wpfvHk;aom tu©&m?
y' = 0dbwftqHk;½Sdaom emrfyk'f? tmcsmwfyk'f? Oyom&yk'f? edygwfyk'f?
AsÍÆe = teuft"dyÜm,fudk jywwfaom 0gus?
tmum& = 0gusudk rsm;pGmaom tjym;wdkUjzifh a0zefrI ûyaMumif; pum;?
ed½kwåd = tjym;tm;jzifh a0zefNyD;onfudk xkwfaqmifí tus,fqdktyfaom 0d*¾[
tusOf;pum;/
eda'´o = t<uif;tusefr½Sdatmif ñTefjytyfaom 0d*¾[ tus,fpum;/
þqdkcJhNyD;aom o'´grsm;ESifh jynfhpHk<u,f0aom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
au0vy&dykPÖ*kPf ponf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf-
xnfhoGif;jznfhpGufzG,f&m rvdkatmif jynfhpHkaeonf jzpfygí au0v y&dykPÖ*kPf?
tjypfruif;ojzifh wpfpHkwpf&m xkwfEkwfy,fzsuf&rnfh w&m;ryg½Sdí tvGefoefUpifaom
y&dok'¨*kPf?
oDv orm"d ynm odu©moHk;tif jrwfaom w&m;tpOfudk xifjrifatmif azmfjyEdkifonfh
jA[®p&d,ç yumoe*kPf?
þ*kPfawmfwdkUESifh avmufvHkjynfh0 wifhw,fvSaom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
t&d| &[ef;
Ak'¨jrwfpGmvufxufawmftcgü t&d|rnfaom "r®uxdu &[ef;wpfyg; ½SdcJhzl;ygonf bk&m;?
olu tbd"r®myd#uESifh okwåefyd#uudk wwfuRrf;NyD; 0denf;yd#uudk em;rvnfyg? odkUygí Ak'¨jrwfpGm
"r®a'oemü atmufyg vkyfygVdudk xnfhvdkufygonf bk&m;/
wxm[H b*0wm "r®H a'odwH tmZmemrd/ ,xm a, ar tEÅ&m,dum "r®m 0kwåm
b*0wm? aw y#dao0awm emvH tEÅ&m,m,/ (r? 1? 184/)
arxke y#dao0ew&m;wdkUudk psmef r*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk ûywwf\ [k bk&m;a[mxm;aomfvnf;
tMuif enf;vrf;jzifh rSD0Joltm; tEÅ&m,frjzpfEdkif? bk&m; a[mxm;aom psmef r*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk
ûywwfaom arxkey#dao0ew&m;wdkUonf tEÅ&m,frjzpfEdkifaom enf;vrf;udk igodxm;onf/
&[ef;wdkUu r[kwfrSefaMumif; bk&m;½Sifu þodkUra[maMumif; ½Sif;vif;jyaomfvnf; vufrcH?
rSefrSef rSm;rSm; qdkNyD;om;pum;udk rpGefUEdkif[k pGJpGJjrJjrJ ,lqaeonf? bk&m;½Sifu ac:,lqHk;r&mü-
tx p ye wGH armCyk&do twåem 'k*¾[dawe tarS ap0 tAÇmpdu©od? twåmeÍö ceod?
A[kÍö tyknH yo0od/ wH [d aw armCyk&do b0dówd 'DC&wåH t[dwm, 'ku©m,/ (r? 1?
185/)
(rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? tv*'´Lyrokwf)
jrefrmjyef
r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm; xdkodkU a[mxm;ygvsuf oifonfç rdrdonf raumif;aom
pGJ,l jcif;jzifh igwdkUudkvnf; pGyfpGJbd\? rdrdudk,fudkvnf; wl;ûzdzsufqD;bd\? tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudkvnf;
rsm;pGmyGm; apbd\? r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm; oifhtm; xdk,kwfnHhaom rdpämt,lonf
umv½SnfjrifhpGm tpD; tyGm;rJhjcif;ç qif;&Jjcif;iSm jzpfvwåHU/
þuJhodkU rdefYqdkNyD; &[ef;wdkUtm; atmufygtwkdif; ar;awmfl\/
]&[ef;wdkU... xdktaMumif;udk tb,fodkU rSwfxifMuukefoenf;? vif;wowfrsdK;ü jzpfzl;aom
þt&d| &[ef;onf omoemawmfü ÓPftaiGUtoufrQ ½Sdao;oavm} [k ar;awmfrl\/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m; tb,frSm ½SdEdkifygtHhenf;? r½SdEdkifyg bk&m;}} [k &[ef;wdkUu avQmufxm;Muukef\/
xdkodkU qHk;raomfvnf; t&d|&[ef;onf rwkefrvIyf ikwfwkwfxdkifum t,lrpGefUbJ
ZGwfayaeygonf bk&m;/
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u-
ynm,dówd acg wGH armCyk&do {awe oaue ygyaue 'd|d*awe? (r? 1? 185/)
r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm;? oifonf rdrd\ ,kwfnHhvSaom þt,ljzifh i&J
ponfwdkUü xif½Sm;vwåHU/
þodkU rdefYqdkawmfrlNyD; t&d|udk oHCmh*dkPf;rS ESifxkwfvdkufNyD; &[ef;aumif;wdkUtm;vnf;
t&d|&[ef;uJhodkU rûyMu&ef t|uxmq&m t½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmou atmufygtwdkif; owday;jyefygonf/
t&da|e 0d, e wkarS[d r,SH omoae uvvH 0g up0&H 0g yu©dydwAÁH/ (r? |? 2? 16/)
]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf t&d|&[ef;uJhodkU ig\ omoemawmfü ½THUñGefESifh trdIufo½dkufudk
rxnfhoGif;&}} [k owday;ygonf/
u@uomraP
xdkodkU owday;aeonfhtMum;rS t&d|&[ef;\ oHa,mifaemufvdkuf t&d|&[ef;\ rdpämt,ludk
tvHxlay;rnfh u@uomraPqdkwJh udk&ifBuD;wpfOD; ay:vmjyefygonf? oluvnf;
arxkey#dao0etrIonf psmefr*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,frûyEdkif[k qufvufa[mjyefonf? olU0g'udk
vlêudufvnf; rsm;onf? vlaovljzpfuJhodkU qef;opfwJh tbd"r®myJqdkNyD; topftqef;êudufolwdkU
0dkif;0dkif;vnfaeMuonf? 'DtxJ omoemawmfordkif;rSm wpfavQmufvHk;½Iyfvmaom
qAÁ*¾Dudk,fawmfBuD;wdkUu a½SUqHk;rS yg0ifaeonf? 'Dudk&ifudk auR;Muonf? ay;Muonf twltdyf twlpm;
aexdkifum rolawmfcsif; oDwif;avGUavGU aygif;zufarGUaeMuonf? u@u omraPudk t,lrSefatmif
a[mívnf; r&/
0daooapm'em trSwf ( 19 )
19/ Ak'¨\jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk raxrJhjrifûyí ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;
a&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
omrnapm'emtrSwf 19-wGif pk'dwuwdkU\ pmtkyfpmwrf; ponfwdkUrS aumufEkwf
azmfjyxm;aom pmydk'ftrSwf (u) rS (e) txd pum;&yfrsm;onf Ak'¨bk&m;ociftm; r½dkrao
*g&0uif;rJhpGm ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;xm;aom pum;rsm;jzpfí xdkpum;&yfrsm;onf
t*Fkwå&edum,f? yÍöryPÖmou? udrdv0*f udrdvokwf a'oemawmft& t*g&0 5-rsdK;wGif
tusHK;0ifaeygonf bk&m;? olawmfaumif;w&m; ysufpD;atmif (t&SnfcdkifcHh rwnfwHhatmif) zsufqD;&m
a&mufaeygonf bk&m;/
t*g&0 5-rsdK; qdkonfrSm-
1/ bk&m;ü r½dkaojcif;?
2/ w&m;ü r½dkaojcif;?
3/ oHCmü r½dkaojcif;?
4/ odu©mü r½dkaojcif;?
5/ tcsif;csif;ü r½dkaojcif;-
þig;rsdK; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þt*g&0 5-rsdK;aMumifh bk&m;ocif y&dedAÁmefpHvGefNyD;aemuf olawmf
aumif;w&m;rsm; ysufpD;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemawmfBuD; ysufpD;&jcif;rSmvnf;
t*g&0 5-rsdK; xGef;um;atmif vkyfaqmifaejcif;yif t&if;cH jzpfygonf bk&m;/
apm'em ed*Hk;
trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ q&mawmfbk&m;rsm; ½Hk;awmfü vlaovljzpf OD;OuúX0g'? or®m'dXdokawoe0g'?
a½Ttbd"rm0g'wdkUrS tcsufaygif; (21) csufxkwfaqmifí "r® t"r® jyóemudk tqHk;tjzwfcH&ef
wifjyavQmufxm;jyD; jzpfygonfbk&m;? ,ck ed*Hk;csKyftaejzifh aygif;½Hk;oHk;oyfcsufudk
avQmufxm;yg&apbk&m;/
2/ yxroH*g,emrSpí qXoH*g,emtxd &maxmifruaom ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;
rax&fjrwfMuD;rsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; xdef;odrf;apmifha½Smuf twnfûyay;awmfrlcJhMuonfhtwGuf
Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUu ausauseyfeyf vufcHxm;vsuf½Sdaom edum,fig;&yf
yd#uwfoHk;oG,feSifhwuG xdk yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;t& usifhoHk;vdkufemvsuf½Sdaom tpOftvm w&m;"r®
,Ofaus;rIrsm;tay: axmfavmfuefUvefUvkyfvmaom OD;OuúXESifhw½Hkwnf; wpfûcHwnf;om;rsm;udk
ûcHíMunfh&mwGif ¤if;wdkU t"du udkifpGJaom vufeuf (2)rsKd;udk awGUMu&ygonf/
xkdvufeuf (2) rsKd;rSm ½kyf0g'vufeufESifh Oyg'gefvufeufyif jzpfygonfbk&m;/
3/ OD;OuúXwdkUonf olwdkU a&;om;a[majymcsufrsm;t& emrfw&m;\ tcef;u@udkvHk;0
ypfy,fjyD; ½kyfudkom tajccHusus udkifpGJxm;onfudk awGUMu&ygonfbk&m;? ½kyf0g'\
taqmifta,mifrsm;rSm yuwdrsufvHk;rSefajymif; ponfESifh tjcm;aom ½kyfu&d,mrsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;?
½kyf0g'\ tus,ft0ef;onfvnf; olwdkUajymonfh ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;yifjzpfygonfbk&m;? ow¬0gwpfOD;
ykcufwGif;okdU ra&mufrD(0g) oaE¨rwnfrDa&SUydkif;ESifh acgif;xJa&mufjyD;aemufydkif;(0g) tem*wf
b0ydkif;onf ½kyf0g'vufvSrf;rSDaom tydkif;r[kwfygbk&m;/
4/ Ak'¨0g'onfum; 0dbZÆ0g' jzpfonftm;avsmfpGm ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkUudkvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef
twdwf tem*wfwdkUudkvnf;aumif; us,fus,f0ef;0ef; ½IjrifoHk;oyfazmfjyxm;aom 0g'jzpfygonfbk&m;?
Ak'¨0g'\ t"duvufeufrSm oDv orm"dudk tajccHaom ynmÓPf jzpfygonfbk&m;/ ½kyfrsufpdESifh
rSefajymif;r[kwfygbk&m;? þ Ak'¨0g'udk yd#uwfoHk;yHküaocsmpGm azmfjyxm;ygonfbk&m;/
5/ OD;OuúXwdkU vlpkonf ¤if;wdkUqkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'aywHjzifh Ak'¨0g'udk
wdkif;wmMunfhaomtcg ayrrD a'gufrrD jzpfaeygonfbk&m;/ emrfw&m;udkvnf; wdkif;ír&? twdwf
tem*wfudkvnf; rrDjzpfaeMuygonfbk&m;? þwGif Oyrmtm;jzifh azmfjy&ygu urÇmudk
&yfrSwftjzpfxm;vQif aeonf xGuf0ifoGm;vmaeonf[k qdk&ygrnfbk&m;? aeudk &yfrSwftjzpfxm;vQif
urÇmonf vnfywfaeonf[k qdk&ygonfbk&m;? þOyrmuJhodkUyif olwdkUudkifpGJxm;aom ½kyf0g'udkom
trSef[lí owfrSwfxm;vQif Ak'¨0g' trSm;jzpf&ygrnfbk&m;? Ak'¨0g'udk trSef[lí vufcHvQif olwdkU
qkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'onf trSm;jzpf&ygrnfbk&m;? þonfum; OD;OuúXwdkU vlpktwGuf
jyóemwufapaom tajccH tcsufjzpfygonfbk&m;/
aeUpGJ/ 4-5-81
wynfhawmf\ pk'dwutwGuf ocifjrwfqdkiftm; wynfhawmf\ udk,fpm; vTJtyfygonf?
vufcHawmfrlyg q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m;/
a½Tjynfh
ocifjrwfqdkif
0dZÆmr,*rÇD&enf; rdpämpufNzwfrEÅefawmfMuD;
Ak'¨½SifNrwf? a[mMum;tyfaom
yd#uwfusrf;pm? rnD&mwdkUudk
rsufESmaxmufxm;? roem;ESifh .....
pmtm;? aiGtm;NzefUa0tm;Nzifh
wpfyg;-q,fa,muf? wpfa,muf-q,fyg;
NyefYyGm;ESHUpyf? vlY&yfaNrukef
0dkif;tHk y xkwf? ZGJcwfvkyfí
awmxkwfMuukefavmh .....
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom;)
aom"e u@
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; aom"emrwifrD obmywdq&mawmf bk&m;MuD;\
êudwifowday; rdefUMum;csuf
aeUpGJ/ 8-7-81/
,cktcsdefupjyD; oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f trSwf(2) ½Hk;udk zGifhygjyD/
wpfaeUu (4-7-81 aeU) apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; apm'emvTmwifoGif;wJh udpöjyD;aeygjyD? ,aeU
pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm; aom"emvTm (acsycsuf) wifoGif;zdkU tcsdefa&mufygjyD? tJ'D aom"emwifoGif;wJh
ae&mrSm apm'em wifxm;wJh 21-csufeJU rywfoufwJh pum;rsm;ygae&if 'Dae&mrSm
xnfhoGif;avQmufxm;cGifh&rSm r[kwfygbl;? apm'em (21)csufESifh ywfoufwJh acsyvTmrsm;udk 'D½Hk;u
vufcHr,fvdkUe*dku &yfwnfcsufrSm aMujimjyD;om;jzpfygw,f? tm;vHk;ESvHk;oGif;zdkUu 'Dudpö[m
omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;eJU oufqdkifwJh udpöjzpfvdkU tifrwefta&;MuD;ygw,f?'gaMumifht½HI;tEdkif[lí
oabmrxm;bJ trSm;trSef ("r® t"r®)qHk;jzwfzdkU 'dkUcH,lwmyJvdkU ESvHk;oGif;xm;MuzdkU bkef;MuD;u
arwåm&yfcH êudwiftoday;ygw,f/
'gjyD; aom"em(acsyvTm)rSm yd#uwfawmfrSm rygbJESifhygw,fvdkU tJ'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;vdkU
&Sd&ifvnf;yJ tJ'gudk bkef;MuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&frsm;taeeJU zwfMum;wJh yk*¾dKvfawGudk tenf;tusOf;jyefjyD;
ar;&ygvdrfhr,f? b,frSmygw,fqdkwm(jyygvdkU) ar;&ygvdrfhr,f? tifrwef ta&;MuD;oudk;?
yd#uwfawmfrSm rygbJESifh ygygw,f? 'Dtwdkif;ul;,lxm;ygw,f? ul;jyD;awmh aom"emvGmrSm
wifoGif;xm;ygw,fvdkU r½SdbJeSifh t½SdvkyfjyD;xm;vdkU½Sd&ifvnf; bkef;MuD;wdkUu jyefjyD;ar;&vdrhfr,f?
rygbJESifh tygvkyfjyD;? avQmufxm;acsycJhvQif b,fae&mrSm ygw,fqdkwm tenf;tusOf; wpfckeSpfck
ponf ar;&vdrfhr,f? tcsKdUtcsKdUae&mwdkif;rSmvnf; bkef;MuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
êudwifMunfhcGifhr&bl;? ½SmcGifhr&bl;? r&wJhtwGuf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfawGudk tcGifhta&;ay;wJh taeeJU
bkef;MuD;wdkU zwfcGifhûyr,f 2-csuf 3-csufawmh ar;cGef;ar;&vdrfhr,f? tJ'gudk êudwif owday;xm;ygw,f/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSmvnf;yJ bkef;MuD;OD;qE´m"du&,f? 'umMuD; ocifjrwfqdkif&,f? OD;cif[ef&,f
oHk;OD;&SdwJhteuf OD;qE´m"du wifoGif;vTmu enf;vnf;enf;w,f? bkef;MuD;vnf;jzpfw,f? 'gaMumifh
OD;qE´m"du\ wifoGif;vTmudk yxrqHk; wifoGif;jyD;rS 'umMuD;OD;jrwfqdkif&JU tajzaom"emvTmudk
zwfcGifhwifoGif;cGifh ay;r,f? 'DrSm OD;qE´m"duvnf;yJ apm'em(21)csufeJU rywfoufwJh udpöawGudk
rwifoGif;zdkU&m ravQmufxm;zdkU&m bkef;MuD; owday;ygw,f? tu,fí ygaevQifbkef;MuD;wdkU
wm;jrpf&vdrhfrnf/
OD;aCmodw
obmywdq&mawmf
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2)
aom"em trSwf(5)
(OD;qE´m"du\ acsycsuf)
trSwf(5) apm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; aom"em tyfygonf bk&m;/
trSwf(5) apm'emcsuf acgif;pOfü twdwf tem*wf b0wdkUudk vHk;vHk;ypfy,fNyD; [laom
pum;yg½Sdygonf? bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;twdwfb0udk vufcHvdkygonf qdkygaomfvnf; vGefvmcJhNyDjzpfí
vufrcHEdkifawmhyg? ypfy,fvdkonf qdkyguvnf; ypfy,fp&m twdwfb0ponf wynfhawmfrsm;wGif
r½Sdawmhyg bk&m;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkvdk[ef½SdonfrSm twdwfb0 tem*wfb0qdkif&m t,l0g'om
jzpfvdrfhrnf xifygonf? twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sdonf[laom t,ludk ,lvQif rnfodkUaom tusKd;
jzpfxGef;rnfudk odvdkygonf? bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;onf aumif;usKd;udk &vdkolrsm; jzpfMuygonf?
twdwfb0udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;aepOf ypökKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;rS cGmvsuf twdwfb0odkU cE¨mig;yg;vHk;
wu,fa&mufoGm;Edkifygovm; bk&m;? emrfw&m;csnf;oufouf twdwfodkU jyefoGm;Edkifygovm; bk&m;?
½kyfw&m;csnf;oufouf oGm;íaum &ygovm; bk&m;? twdwftem*wfonf wynfhawmftm;
oHo,udkyGm;apygonf/
a, ar ykaAÁÁ0d,muHok? [k&H a*gwromoem/
£pömod £wd b0dówd? oAÁH wH £wd [Dwd[H/
oAÁH wH wuú0¡keH? em[ ww¬ tbd&rð/ (ck? o/ 443/)
a*gwrbk&m;\ omoemray:ao;rD a½S;tcgu tMuifq&mwdkUonf þodkUjzpfcJhNyD?
þodkUjzpfvdrfhrnf[k tuGsEkfyftm; rdrdwdkUt,ltqudk ajymMum;Muygukef\? xdkolwdkU\ tvHk;pHkaom
pum;onf xdkwqifhMum;umrQomwnf;? xdktvHk;pHkonf umr0dwuf ponfudk yGm;apEdkif\?
tuGsEkfyfonf xdkt,ltqwdkUü rESpfoufEdkifyg/
txufyg a[ruvkvif\ pum;udk axmufí twdwftem*wfqdkif&m t,l0g'onf oHo,
0dpdudpämudk yGm;aponfrSm xif½Sm;ygonf/ ¤if;tjyif bj'uokwfü -
t[aÍöaw *grPd twDwr'¨geH tm*AÇ 'ku©ó ork',Íö tw¬*FrÍö a'ao,sH? {0H
ta[mod twDwr'¨geEdå? wMw awod,m ucFg od,m 0drwd? (y) {0H b0dówd tem*wr'¨g
eEÅd? wMwmyd aw od,m ucFg od,m 0drwd? tyd pm[H *grPd £a"0 edoaEém {aw¬0 aw
edoEéó 'ku©ó ork',Íö tw¬*FrÍö a'aoómrd / (oH? 2/ 510-1/)
[k qdkxm;jyefygonf/
jrefrmjyef
½GmolBuD; vGefavNyD;aomumvü þodkU jzpfzl;NyD[k igonf oifhtm; twdwfumvudk
taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjcif;jzpfjcif; csKyfjcif;udk a[mjyygrl xdktwdwfumvudk taMumif;ûyí oifhtm;
,HkrSm;jzpf&m\? awG;awmrI jzpf&m\? ½GmolBuD; tem*wfumví þodkU jzpfvdrhfrnf[k igonf oifhtm;
tem*wfumvudk taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjzpfjcif;udk csKyfjcif;udk a[mcJhygrl xdktem*wfumvüvnf; oifhtm;
,HkrSm;jzpf&m\? awG;awmrI jzpf&m\? ½GmolBuD; ppfppf igonf þae&mü xdkifaevsufyifvQif þae&mü
xdkifvsuf&Sdaom oifhtm; qif;&Jjzpfjcif; csKyfjcif;udk a[maytHh/
þae&müvnf; Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf twdwftem*wfudk taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjzpfjcif; csKyfcsif;udk
a[mvQif ,HkrSm;jcif; ucFgESifhawG;awmjcif; 0drwdwdkUom jzpfEdkifaMumif; a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
twDwH emEkaom pEdå? eyÜZyÜEÅd em*wH/
ypöKyÜaEée ,mayEÅd? awe 0aPÖm yoD'wd/ (oH? 1? 5/)
twdwfjzpfaom vmbfudkvnf; rpdk;&drfMuukef/ tem*wfjzpfaom(vmbf)udkvnf;
rawmifhwMuukef/ ypöKyÜef&qJ(vmbf)jzifhom a&mifh&JMuukef\? xdkUaMumifh ta&tqif;onf Munfvif\
[lí qdkxm;ygonf? wrvGefjzpfaom twdwfb0ESifh tem*wfb0wdkUudkomru ,ckrsufarSmufb0üyif
twdwftem*wf vmbfvmbrsm;tay: raMumifhrMu rawmifhrwbJ ypöKyÜef&orQ vmbfvmbjzifh
rQwa&mifh&JEdkifaom &[ef;yk*¾dKvftm; Munfvif½Tifyscsrf;om&yHkudk jyqdkaeygonf? ypöKyÜefb0ü
½dk;om;jzLpifpGm usifhMuHaexdkifoltm; &½SdEdkifaom tómow&m;av;yg;udk Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf
umvmrtrsKd;om;wdkUtm; þodkUyif a[mjyawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;/
umvmrrif;wdkU þodkU&efuif;aompdwf aMumifhMuuif;aompdwf rnpfñl;aompdwf
pifMu,faompdwf½Sdaom t&d,mwynfhtm; ,ckb0üyif axmufwnf&m av;rsKd;wdkUudk &tyfukef\/
(1) wrvGefavmuonf tu,fí ½SdtHh? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusKd;quf
tusKd;&if;onf tu,fí ½SdtHh? xdkodkU½SdcJhaomf igonf udk,fcE¨mysufpD;í aoNyD;onfrS
aemufü aumif;aomvm;&mjzpfaom ewfjynfodkU a&muf&vdrfhrnf [laom
axmufwnf&mudk &av\? þum; t&d,mwynfhtm; &tyfaom
yxraxmufwnf&maywnf;?
(2) wrvGefavmuonf tu,fí r½SdtHh? aumif;aom ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkU\
tusKd;quftusKd;&if;onf tu,fí r½SdtHh/ xdkodkUr½SdcJhaomf igonf rsufarSmufb0üyif
&efr½Sdaom aMumifhMur½Sdaom qif;&Jr½Sdaom csrf;omjcif;½Sdaom rdrdudk,fudk
aqmif&av\[laom axmufwnf&mudk &av\? þonfum; xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&tyfaom 'kwd,axmufwnf&maywnf;/
aom"emtrSwf (21)
(OD;qE´m"du\ acsycsuf)
obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;? bk&m;wynfhawmf
av;jrwfpGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsufrsm;teuf bk&m;wynfhawmfESifh wdkuf½dkufoufqdkifaom
apm'emcsuftrSwf (21)udk avQmufxm; aqG;aEG;cGifhûyyg bk&m;-
0dedpä,cHk½kH;tzGifhaeUu ]]"ar®m obma0 y&d,wdå ynm} ponfjzifh a[meufaygif; rsm;pGm½Sdonfh
"r®o'´g ESifh ywfoufí obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u y&d,wdåwnf;[laom ax&0g'*dkPf;oHk;
ygVdt|uxm ponfrsm;jzpfaMumif; zGifhqdkawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;? xdktzGifhrdefUcGef;tydk'f (6)üyif
tm*robm0,kwdåwdkUwGif obm0,kwdåudk cGifhûyawmfrlojzifh bk&m;wynfhawmf txl;yif
auseyftm;&rdygonf bk&m;/
0de,yd#uyg usefck'´uedum,f0ifusrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí pwkw¬oH*g,em teD;w0dkufodkU
wynfhawmf\ xifjrifcsufudk ydkUay;olrSm t½SifAk'¨aCmojzpfygonf bk&m;/
tbd"r®yd#uESifh ywfoufí tenf;i,f½Sif;yg&ap bk&m;? t½SifAk'¨aCmo\
t|omvdeDt|uxm ed'gef;ü tbd"r®mckESpfusrf;ESifh ywfoufaom jiif;cHkyGJwpfckudk awGUEdkifygonf?
t|omvdeD t|uxm pmrsufESm (4)/
,if;jiif;cHkyGJü 0dw@0g'Drsm;u uxm0w¬Konf om0ua[mjzpfí tbd"r®musrf;rsm;rS
y,fpGefU&efawmif;qdkMuygonf? uð ye qyÜu&Pmed tbd"ar®m = tbd"r®monf ajcmufusrf;om
jzpf&rnfavm[k tjcm;&[ef;awmfrsm;u qdkMu&m 0dw@0g'DwdkUu r[m"r®[',? xdkUaemuf
r[m"mwkuxmusrf;ESpfusrf;udk wifjyonfqdkygonf? odkU&mwGif xdkESpfusrf;wGif r[m"r®[',usrf;rSm
ESpfck oHk;ckrQaom yO§m0g'om usefawmhjcif;ç r[m"mwkuxmrSm tenf;i,frQaom tpOfavmufom
usefawmhjcif;wdkUaMumifh tbd"r®musrf;rsm; pm&if;wGif r0ifEdkifcJhMuyg? xdkUaMumifh uxm0w¬Kem0 o'd¨H
owåmwd = uxm0w¬KESifhom ckESpfusrf;jzpfcJhonf[k qdkxm;ygonf/
xdkpOfu r[m"r®[',ESifh r[m"mwkuxmusrf;BuD;rsm;rSm wpfusrf;usrf;om tjynfhtpHk
½SdcJhygvQif uxm0w¬K\ tajctaeonf wpfrsKd;wpfzHk jzpfEdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUtjyif tbd"r®monf ckESpfusrf;½Sd&rnf[laom owfrSwfcsufwpf&yf ½SdaeonfrSm
oAÁwd¬0g'*dkPf;oHk; tbd"r®mckESpfusrf;udk tm;usaejcif;vm;[k oHo,0ifrdygonf/
r[m"r®[',ESifh r[m"mwkuxmusrf;wdkUrSm wpfydkif;wpfp<uif;usef aeMuao;onfudk
axmufu tm*Hkacwfr[kwfawmh? ]]pmaya&;acwf}} xGef;um;aeNyDudk odEdkifygonf/
arm*¾vdykwåwdóaw¬a&aewH XydwHü XydwH [laom yk'fonf wwd, oH*g,em wifNyD;csdefudk
ñTefjyaeygonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsyvTmed'gef;
vlaovljzpf "r®0de,0dedpä,twGuf aom"emwifoGif;vTmyg bk&m;-
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
ed'gef;pum;udk wynfhawmf ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/ ,ck wynfhawmf
wifjyavQmufxm;csufrsm;rSm ax&0g'yd#uwfawmf q|oH*g,emygVdawmf jrefrmjyefrsm;rS wdkuf½dkuf
ul;,lavQmufxm;csufrsm;om jzpfygaMumif;yg bk&m;? þodkU avQmufxm;&mü yd#uwfawmf
tqdktrdefUrsm;rSvGJí tjyifpum;udkvnf;aumif;? awG;qcsuf[lí vnf;aumif; ryg½Sdyg bk&m;? odkU&mwGif
tcsdeftuefUtowft& tcsKdUaomokwfrsm;udk tenf;i,fcsKH;í vdk&if;rQudkom avQmufxm;&ygonf
bk&m;? tus,fudkrl q&mawmfrsm; od½SdawmfrlMuNyD;jzpfrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf bk&m;? oHo,½SdvQif
wynfhawmf&nfñTef;avQmufxm;csuf ygVdyd#uwfawmf pmrsufESmrsm;ü jyefvnf½IrSwfawmf
rlMu&efjzpfygonf bk&m;-
txl; avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm wynfhawmf þ"r®t"r®0dedpä,½kH;awmfodkU 0ifa&muf
avQmufxm;&jcif;rSm tEdkift½IH;[laom oabmrsKd;[lí vHk;0r&nf½G,fyg bk&m;? &nf½G,f&ef
owåd½Sdolvnf;r[kwfyg bk&m;? t½SifjrwfwdkU z0g;atmuf zkefrIefUavmufrQ r,SOf0hHyg bk&m;?
avQmufxm;&ef vdk&if;rSm ]]wynfhawmf\ q&mESifh t,ltqydkif;qdkif&mwdkU\ trSm; trSefudk
od&ef}}[laom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh þ0dedpä,tzGJU\ tqHk;tjzwfudk cH,l&ef q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
a½SUarSmufodkUvma&mufum odorQ wifjytppfcHjcif;rQom[k odrSwfawmfrlMuyg&ef av;pm;pGm
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
þodkU wifjyavQmufxm;&mü ykxkZOfwdkUü½Sdaom 'dG[p½dkuftwdkif; trSm;trSef[laom tcsufrsm;
a&maxG;wwfonfhoabm ruif;yg bk&m;/
a½S;,cifu trftm&fat\ ausmif;xdkiftzGJUOD;aqmifaom tqHk;tjzwfrSm wpfzufowf
qHk;jzwfcsufjzpfonfhtavsmuf wynfhawmfrsm; rcH,lcJh&yg bk&m;/
,ckonfum; oDv*kPf orm"d*kPfESifhwuG y&d,wdåy&drmru*kPf jynfhpHkawmfrlMuaom
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; jzpfawmfrlMuí wynfhawmf 0rf;ajrmufpGmcH,l&rnf jzpfygonf bk&m;?
þodkUjzpfay:vmap&ef pkpnf;apmifha½SmufcJhaom EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;vnf; aus;Zl;Oyum&wif&aMumif;yg
bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmf þ0dedpä,½kH;awmfa½SUarSmuf vma&mufavQmufxm;orQudk
tEdkift½IH;oabmjzifh ½IrSwfawmfrrlMubJ trSm;trSefudkom a½SU½I oHk;oyfay;awmfrl&efudk
emcHrSwfom;rnfomjzpfaMumif; êudwifavQmufxm;ygonf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;/
omoemawmf oefU½Sif;wnfwHhjyefUyGm;a&;udk OD;wnfí ½dkaopGmemcHrnf jzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;/
wynfhawmfocifjrwfqdkifyg bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf (2)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmft\½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m;-
apm'em trSwf (2)udk ½Sif;vif;acsyygrnf bk&m;-
]]bmomESifh bdef;twlwlyif}}[laom pum;rSmwynfhawmfrsm; roHk;pGJrdyg? vGefcJhaom
tESpfckESpfq,fcefUu EdkifiHjcm;rS oHk;pGJcJhaom pum;jzpf[ef wlygonf? wynfhawmfrsm;roHk;cJhaMumif;yg
bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGyfpGJcJhaom ]]bdef;}}tm; rajzMum;vdkyg?
ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfwGif;ESifhvnf; rywfoufí tydkpum;rsm; jzpfMuojzifh rajzMum;&jcif; jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
vlaovljzpfESifh ywfoufí wynfhawmfrsm;\ pdwful;ayguf&m udk,fydkif pum;wpfvHk;rQ
rygjcif;udk wifjytyfygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmf oQifOuú|\ vlaovljzpfa'oemrSmvnf; rlvt&if;tm;jzifh q|oH*g,emwif
ax&0g'yd#uwfyg t*FkwdåK&ff owåuedygwf oHa,m*okwfudk tajcûyí azmfxkwfxm;jcif;om jzpfygonf
bk&m;? odkU&mwGif ,ckapm'uq&mawmfbk&m;rsm;onf ocifjrwfqdkif\ a&;om;csufrSwpfqifh
od½SdaeMuNyD;jzpfí txl;avQmufxm;&ef vdktyfawmhrnf rxifawmhyg bk&m;? ,if;oHa,m*okwfESifh
ywfoufí okwf\ oabmxm;trSefudk tenf;i,fwifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
okwf\ wdkuf½dkuftqdkrSm pmrsufESm556-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU (arxkefESifh) ,SOfrI r,SOfrIudk
NyD;apwwfaom w&m;a'oemudk oifwdkUtm; a[mMum;aytHh? xdkw&m;udk emMuukef? aumif;pGm
ESvHk;oGif;Muukkef? &[ef;wdkU xdk (arxkefESifh),SOfrI r,SOfrIudk NyD;apwwfaom w&m;a'oem[lonf
tb,fenf;? &[ef;wdkU rdef;ronf rdrdoEÅmefü rdef;r£a`E´udk ESvHk;oGif;\/ rdef;r\ trlt&m? rdef;r\
toGiftjyif? rdef;r\ rmef? rdef;r\ tvdkqE´? rdef;r\ toH? rdef;r\ t0wfqefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\/
xdkrdef;ronf £wd¦a`E´paom w&m;ckESpfrsKd;wdkUü wrfruf\/ xkdckESpfrsKd;aom w&m;wdkUü arGUavsmf\/
xdkrdef;ronf w&m;ckESpfrsdK;ü wyfrufESpfoufonf arGUavsmfonfjzpf&m tyoEÅmefü½Sdaom yk&doda`E´udk
ESvHk;oGif;\/ a,mufsm;trlt&m? a,mufsm;toGiftjyif? a,mufsm;\ rmef? a,mufsm;\ tvdkqE´?
a,mufsm;\ toH? a,mufsm;\ t0wfqefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\/ xdkrdef;ronf yk&doda`E´paom
w&m;ckESpfrsKd;wdkUü wyfruf\? xkdckESpfrsKd;aom w&m;wdkUü arGUavsmf\/ xdkrdef;ronf w&m;ckESpfrsdK;ü
wyfrufESpfoufonf arGUavsmfonfjzpfí tyoEÅmefü (arxkefESifh),SOfrIudk tvdk½Sd\/ xdkrdef;rtm;
(arxkefESifh),SOfrI [laom taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom csrf;omrI 0rf;ajrmufrIudkvnf; tvdk½Sd\/ &[ef;wdkY
rdef;rtjzpfü arGUavsmfukefaom owå0gwdkYonf a,mufsm;wdkUü (arxkefESihf),SOfrIodkY a&muf\/ &[ef;wdkU
þodkUvQif rdef;ronf rdef;r\ tjzpfudk rvGefajrmufEdkif/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;bk&m;-
þoHa,m*okwfESifh ywfoufí t|uxmq&m\ tvdkudk xyfrHMunfh½I&mwGif t|uxmq&mu
bmrQtxl;ra&;? ]]jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemtwdkif;om wifjyvdkuf&ayownf;}}[lí
omawGU&Sd&ygonf bk&m;? þokwfESifh ywfoufí tus,fw0ifh a&;om;aMumif; rawGU&yg? odkU&mwGif
apm'uq&mawmfbk&m;rsm;onf þokwft& vlaovljzpf r[kwfEdkifav[ef tus,fw0ifh
wifjyxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;? t0wfwefqmqdkaompum; þokwfwGif txift½Sm; yg½Sdav&m
,if;a0g[m&rSm tjcm;owå0grsm;ESifh rqdkifaom pum;jzpfygonf? þokwfyg tqdktrdefUtwdkif;qdkygu
a,mufsm;aovQif a,mufsm;jzpf? rdef;raovQif rdef;r jzpf\ oabmrsKd;omjzpfygonf? a,mufsm;rS rdef;r?
rdef;rrS a,mufsm; rjzpfEdkifawmhNyDavm [lí apmaMump&m jzpfaeygonf bk&m;? ¤if;tcsufudk
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u xnfha[maep&myif rvdkawmhyg? xdka,mufsm; xdkrdef;rwdkUü uyfNid pGJvrf;aom
Oyg'gef\ tajctaeudkom avhvm&ef ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
rdef;r {uefjzpfaeygvsuf a,mufsm;wdkU\ p½dkuf0goem? a,mufsm;\ t0wfwefqmudkom
pGJvrf;ûyvkyfaeolrsm;? wpfzefa,mufsm;pifppfjzpfygvsuf rdef;r\ p½dkuf"avh? rdef;r\ trlt,m? rdef;r\
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;-
ax&0g'yd#uwf ed'geoH,kwf- "mwkemewåokwf 343-wGif
]]&[ef;wdkU "mwftrsKd;rsKd;[lonf pu©K"mwf ½ly"mwf pu©K0dnmP"mwf? aomw"mwf o'´"mwf
aomw0dnmP"mwf? Cme"mwf *E¨"mwf Cme0dnmP"mwf? Zd0Sm"mwf &o"mwf Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwf?
tm,weenf;
þtcsufüvnf; q&mawmf oQifOuú|onf t"dyÜm,fazmfjyefygonf bk&m;-
ax&0g'yd#uwf oVm,we0*¾oH,kwfygVd jrefrmjyef 248-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU tm,wewdkU
rnfonf tvHk;pHkaom y#doaE¨aerI oabm&Sd\/ &[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif tvHk;pHkaom y#doaE¨rI
oabm½Sdoenf;? rsufpdonf tqif; pu©K0dnmPf? pu©Koræóonf y#doaE¨aerI oabm &\/
pu©Koræó[laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh cHpm;rIokc 'ku© Oayu©monfvnf; y#doaE¨aerI
oabm ½Sd\/ em;onf ¤if;twdkif; y#doaE¨rI oabm jzpf\/
vQmonf ¤if;twdkif;yif y#doaE¨rI oabm ½Sd\/
udk,fonf ¤if;twdkif;yif y#doaE¨rI oabm ½Sd\/
pdwfonf ¤if;twdkif;yif y#doaE¨rI oabm ½Sd\/
þtxufygtwdkif; tm,weenf;tm;jzifh wl&mwl&mudk qufí y#doaE¨rIudk yd#uwfawmfwGif
awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
qufvufí Oy&dyPÖmo oVm,we0*f r[moVm,weduokwf 343-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU pu©KESifh
½lyg½kHudk [kwfrSefaom twdkif;rodMuí pu©K0dnmPudk [kwfrSefaomtwdkif; rodMuacs? pu©Koræóudk
y#dpöorkyÜg'fenf;
t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m? ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPHrS pí 12-qufaom uGif;quf ½Sdonf? oHo&mwGif
usifvnforQ\ taMumif;&if;rsm;aywnf;? Zmwd Z&m r&PwdkUudk tzefwvJJvJjzpfay:apaom
tajccHw&m;wdkUaywnf;/
þwGif vlaovljzpfzG,f wPSm Oyg'gef Oy'geypö,m ba0g? b0 ypö,m Zmwd [laom
tydkif;omvQif vdk&if; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
yd#uwfawmf udk;um;csufrsm;rSm-
&[ef;wdkU jzpfNyD;jzpfqJ owå0gwdkU wnfwhHa&; taxmuftyHhum; tm[m& 4-rsKd; ½Sd\/
tvkyftauR;ûyí pm;&aom uAVDum&tm[m&? xdawGUrIü rSwfom;aom zóm[m&?
pOf;pm;awG;awmaom raemoaÍöwem[m&? txl;odrIrQ 0dnmPtm[m& þav;yg;wdkUwnf;?
xdktm[m&av;yg;wdkUudk uyfNidrIESifh ESpfoufrI? umr&m*? txl;odrI 0dnmP tm[m&? ESpfoufrI eED´?
wyfpGef;rI? (NidwG,frI)wPSm&SdcJhrI pu©Kpaom 0dnmP wnfjcif;odkU a&muf\/ xdktcg (ûypD&ifrI)ocFg&wdkU
jzpfyGm;\/
(ed'geoH,kwf twdå&myokwf 311-312-rS tqdkygbk&m;)
ed'ge0*¾ ed'geokwf 304-wGifvnf;-
wd&pämefESifh vlonf þtm[m& 4-rsKd; wdkUü têudufcsif; rwlnDonfh tavsmuf Oyg'gef
jzpfay:yHk rsm;pGmuGJjym; jcm;em;Muygonf bk&m;/
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aom"emtrSwf (4)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
wynhfawmfwdkUonf apm'emtrSwf (4)uH uH\ tusKd;w&m;ESifh ywfoufí jyefvnf½Sif;vif;
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aom"em trSwf(6)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m; -
apm'emtrSwf (6)tm; ½Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
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o*Fg,emwifrnfjzpfaMumif; cGJjcm;í oHk;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
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aom"emtrSwf (7)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emtrSwf (7)tm; ½Sif;vif;wifjyygonf bk&m;/
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jzpfygonf bk&m;/
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ar;jref;csufudk atmufygtwdkif; a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m; ]]t½Sifbk&m; &[ef;a*gwronf tvHk;pHkudk
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aom"emtrSwf (9)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emtrSwf (9)udk apm'emûyygrnf bk&m;/
apm'emtrSwf (9)ESifh ywfoufí apm'u&[ef;rsm; pGyfpGJovdk q&mawmf½SifOuú|onf
0denf;awmfudk ypfy,fjcif; oabmrsKd;r[kwfaMumif;yg bk&m;/
ouFef;0wfí omoemhta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfolwdkUudk vdrfnmvSnfhjzm;jcif;qdkonfh
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vufcHygonf bk&m;/
xdkrsm;pGmaom tcsufrsm;teufrS tenf;i,fudkom wynfhawmfrsm; wifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
¤if;rSm oDvu©E¨0*f? omrnzvokwf? 72? 73 okbokwf216wGif ]]tcsKdUaom
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bk&m;? xdkuJhodkU Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; oGif;olrsm;udkom &nf½G,fí Oyg'geftpGJ&Sdaom &[ef;tcsKdUudkom
qdkvdkygonf bk&m;/
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aom"emtrSwf (10)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emvTmtrSwf (10)wGif 0denf;odu©myk'fawmfrsm;ESifhtnD aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif;
½Sifaumif;&[ef;wdkUtm; apmfum;rIûyjcif;[lí apm'emwifxm;ygonf bk&m;/
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q&mawmfrsm;axmuf½Iygu rnfrQtxd wynfhawmfrsm;onf a½S;ax&0g't&if;cH t½SiftmeE´m
t½SifOygvdpaom &[Eåmt½SifjrwfwdkU\ Mo0g'w&m;awmfrsm;udk OD;xdyfyefqif av;pm;MunfñdkaMumif;
xif½Sm;vsuf½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
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avQmufxm;wifjytyfygonf q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;/
þtcsufudk Munfhjcif;jzifhvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;udk apmfum;onf[lí apm'emwGif
wifoGif;xm;jcif;udkyifvQif rawG;wwfatmifjzpf&ygonf bk&m;/
þrQjzifh trSwf (10)udk ajzqdkygonf bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf (11)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'em trSwf (11) tm;½Sif;vif;wifjyygonf bk&m;/
,cky&dwf½Gwfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;&ef atmufygokwfrsm;udk wifjyygonf bk&m;/
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awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
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usufoa&wdk;apjcif;ç usufoa& ,kwfapjcif;ç rEÅefpkwfjcif;ç ewfudk;jcif;ç qkawmif;jynfhü
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(rûyvkyf&ef) jrwfpGmbk&m; wm;jrpfawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;/
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vnf;aumif;? OyÜgwusrf;ç tdyfrufusrf;ç vu©Pmusrf;ç aA'ifusrf;wdkUü ,HkMunfjcif;udk
t<uif;rJhy,fowfrSomvQif avmukwå&m&[ef;}}[lí qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifonf t½SiftmeE´mtm; þodkU a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
'DCedum,f r[my&dedAÁmeokwf 98-wGif ]]tmeE´moifwdkUonf rdrdrSwyg; tjcm;ü
tm;xm;&mudk;uG,f&m[k rxm;rlí rdrdwdkU udk,fudkomvQif udk;uG,f&mtjzpf odMuNyD; w&m;awmfwdkUudk
omvQif tm;xm;um aeMuavmh}}[lí a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
¤if;aemuf cE¨0*¾ twå'Dyokwf 34-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU w&m;udk aqmifí udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;jcif;xuf
tjcm;udk;uG,f&m[lonf b,frSm½SdawmhtHhenf;}}[lí a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þuJhodkU udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;&ef bk&m;a[mcJhaom okwfaygif;rsm;pGm½Sdygonf bk&m;? ,if;odkUaom
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfjrwfrsm;udk rsufuG,fûyí ]]orEÅm puú0gaVok? tMwm*päEÅK a'0wm}}
qdkaom pum;vHk;rSpvdkuf&m ewfudk;jcif;udk wm;jrpfxm;aom omrnzvokwfyg tqdktrdefUrsm;udk
vnf;aumif;? udk,hfudk,fudktm;udk;&ef[laom tqdktrdefUjzpfonfh twå'Dyokwf udkvnf;aumif;?
£|okwfyg tcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif; qefUusifí y&dwfBuD; (11)okwfeD;yg;vHk; odMum;? *VKefç e*g;ç
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aom"emtrSwf (12)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emvTmtrSwf (12)udk ajz½Sif;ygrnf bk&m;/
þapwDykxdk; ½kyfyGm;awmf qHawmf "mwfawmfwdkUudk ajz½Sif;&efyg bk&m;/
aomemtrSwf (13)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
,ck aom"emvTm trSwf 13-udk avQmufMum;ygrnf bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf (14)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
,ck apm'emvTmtrSwf (14)ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;csycsufyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfrSm oHo&mwGif usifvnfapaom qkay;enf;rsKd;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ
rûyvkyfaMumif; atmufyg taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh wifjyygonf bk&m;/
0denf;r[m0g pD0&cE¨u0*f 395-wGif Ak'¨½Sifawmftm; ZD0uq&mu t0wfykqdk;wdkUudk
ouFef;tjzpfoHk;&ef vª'gef;onfü ZD0uu qkay;&ef avQmufxm;ygonf? xdktcgjrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]ZD0u
jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUrnfonf qkay;jcif;rS vGefajrmufMuNyD; jzpf&mukef\}} (qkray;[lí qdkvdkonf/)
xdkUaemuf ZD0uonf tyfpyfonfqdkaomtcgrS cGifhûyawmfrl\/ aemufwpfzef
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avQmufxm;onfwGif txufygZD0u tm;rdefUrSmonfhtwdkif;yif jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUrnfonf qkay;jcif;rS
vGefajrmufNyD; jzpfMuukef\[k rdefUawmfrl\/
0domcgu tyfpyfaom qkjzpfygonf[k avQmufxm;aomtcgrSom cGifhûyawmfrlygonf bk&m;?
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wPSme,frSaomfvnf;aumif; ]]uif;vGwfaom qkrsm;udkom cGifhûyawmfrlaMumif;yg bk&m;/
taMumif;rSm "r®pMum\ tpydkif;rSmyif twåudvrESifh umrokcvd’umEka,m*
t,kwfw&m;tpGef;ESpfyg;udk y,fpGefU&ef a[mawmfrlcJhNyD; jzpfygw,f bk&m;/
umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmpaom wPSmoHk;rsKd;wdkUudkvnf; y,fpGefU&ef a[mcJhNyD;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? tmoa0gw&m;wnf;[laom umrmo0ç b0go0ç t0dZÆmo0wdkUudkvnf; y,fpGefU&ef
a'oemt&yf&yfwGif a[mqdkNyD; jzpfygonf? ,if;odkU jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifu
a'oemawmft&yf&yfwGif y,fpGefU&ef a[mxm;ygvsuf xdkodkUy,fpGefU&rnfjzpfaom w&m;wdkUESifh
ruif;vGwfaom qkrsdK;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qktjzpf rnfonfhtcgrQ cGifhûyvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;/
oydwfoGwfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí atmufygokwåefrsm;udk udk;um;ygonf bk&m;/
oVm,weoH,kwf todAE¨uykwåokwfrSmyg bk&m;? 493-wGif raumif;rIwdkUtm;
ûyolaomfvnf;aumif;? aumif;rIûyaomfvnf;aumif; cE¨mysufa<u aoNyD;onfrSaemufü raumif;oltm;
aumif;oljzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? aumif;oltm; raumif;ol jzpfap&efvnfaumif; rnfodkUyif
xdkxdkb0wdkUü jzpfygap[lí awmif;yefMuapumrl csD;rGrf;Muapumrl vuftkyfcsDum tzefwvJvJ
qkawmif;Muapumrl cE¨mysufa<u aoNyD;onfrS aemufüum; ¤if;wdkUukodkvf tukodkvftwdkif;om
jzpfvdrfhrnf[k todAE¨uykwå&GmolBuD;tm; a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf (15)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emvTm trSwf(15)tm; jyefvnfacsy ½Sif;vif;vdkygonf bk&m;/
Oyg'gefESifh ywfoufí t|omvdeD t|uxmrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ ½Sif;vif;csufudk rodyg?
yd#uwfawmfwGifygaom rltm;jzifh jyefqdkcsufudkom odygonf? taxmuftxm;jy&aomf 'DCedum,f
r[m0*f r[m ed'geokwf 54-wGif Oyg'gefav;rsdK;wdkU\ jyefqdkcsufrSm umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif; umrkyg'gef?
t,lü pGJvrf;jcif; 'd|Kyg'gef? tavhtusifhü pGJvrf;jcif; oDvAÁwkyg'gef twå[laom 0g'ü pGJvrf;jcif;
twå0g'kyg'gef wdkUaywnf;/
þyd#uwfjrefrmjyefusrf;rsm;udk Munfhaomtcg oDvAÁwkyg'gefudk jrefrmjyefqdk&mwGif
tavhtusifhpGJudkom qdkvdkaMumif; awGU&NyD;vQif acG;ç EGm;wdkU\ tusifh[lí rawGU&aMumif;yg bk&m;?
umrkyg'gefwGifvnf; umr*kPfig;rsdK;wdkUü pGJvrf;jcif;[líom awGU&ygonf? Oyg'gefwGif tukodkvfç
ukodkvf[lí rcGJjcm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
tpGJ0ifvmvQif ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqdkxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
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xdk0dnmOfonf 0dyóemudk rSD\? odkUaomf pGJvrf;rIyif rnf\/
tmeE´m... pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef rukefaom &[ef;onf y&dedAÁmef rûyEdkif[k a[m\? 0dyóemudk rSDí
pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom ukodkvf 0dnmOfpdwf jzpfygonf? odkU&mwGif pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif
jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif nDawmftmeE´mtm; a[mMum;csufudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
"r®o*FPDusrf;t& tukodkvfpGJvQif Oyg'gef? ukodkvfpGJvQif Oyg'gef r[kwf jzpfaMumif; apm'em
q&mawmfrsm;wifjycsufrSm wynfhawmfawGUonfh atmufygokwfwdkUjzifh uGmjcm;aejyefygonf bk&m;/
t*FkwådK&f e0uedygwf? oOyg'daoookwf 185-wGif-
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ½Sifom&dykwå&mtm; om&dykwå&m þomoemawmfü oDvüom jynfhpHkpGm
usifhvsuf orm"daumif;pGm rwnfapOD;? ynmüaumif;pGm rwnfapOD;? xdkolonf oHa,mZOfoHk;yg;
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tqHk;udk ûyvwåHU/
þtcsufüvnf; aomwmyefyifvQif pGJvrf;rIusefaevQif Oyg'gef[lí oHk;EIef;xm;aMumif;
awGU&ygonf? xdkUaemufwpfzef tem*grfqdkufaom olawmfaumif;onfyifvQif Oyg'gefrukefaMumif;
atmufyg taxmuftxm;t& awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjycsufjzpfaom umrkyg'gefonf tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOf
jzpfay:onfh avmbapwoduf[lí awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
taxmuftxm;tjzpf Oy&dyPÖmo? yÍöwå,okwf 28-udk udk;um;wifjyygonf bk&m;?
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aemuf Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; ½Sd½HkrQESifh tyg,frusEdkif[k a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;? aemuf
Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; ½Sd½HkavmufESifh tyg,frusEdkif[k t*FkwådK&f 'ouedygwf? oOyg'daoookwf 186-ü
þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;/
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ajymMuygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;odkU xdktaMumif; avQmufxm;aomtcg bk&m;½Sifu ½Sifom&dykwå&mudk þodkU
rdefUawmfrlygonf/
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pGJvrf;rI t<uif;tusef ½Sdç r½Sdudk todkUvQif odukefMubdoenf;/
om&dykwå&m þyk*¾dKvf 9-rsdK;wdkUonf pGJvrf;rI t<uif;tusef ½Sdygvsuf aovGefaomtcg
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xkwfazmf a[mjyawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
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odkUjzpf&m þtcef; (15)ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ ed*Hk;ydkif;wGif Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvfjzpfí
avmbESifh 'd|dw&m;om jzpfonf? tukodkvfom jzpfonf? tjrifrSm;rI Oyg'gefom jzpfonf? ukodkvf
vdkcsifrIrSm Oyg'gef r[kwf? ½SifOuú|wdkUonf yd#uwfawmf\ teufudkrQ rSefuefpGm rod vrf;ay:u
vlrsm;\w&m;[k qdkaomtcsufudk wdusaom q|rlyd#uwfawmfrS aumufEkwf ½Sif;vif;tyfygonf
bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf (16)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emvTm trSwf (16)ESifh ywfoufí acsyvGm avQmufxm;csufyg bk&m;-
wpfbuf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u edAÁmefonf owå0gwdkU\ tZÑwåü &½Sdtyfaom w&m;rsdK;
r[kwf? tyüom &½Sdtyfaom A[d'¨w&m;rsdK;om jzpfaMumif;[lí txufygtwdkif; 0daooapm'em
ûyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þü edAÁmefonf twGif;tZÑwåü jzpfaMumif;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmfu okwåedygwf rm*@d,okwf 386-
wGif atmufygtwdkif; a[mxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;? q|rl ax&0g'yd#uwfawmf trSefrS
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
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ajcmufq,fh ESpfyg;aom 'd|dt,lwdkUü tjypfudk jrifonf jzpfí (wpfpHkwpfckaom 'd|dt,ludkrQ) r,lbJ
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þrQESifhruao;yg bk&m;? ¤if;okwåedygwf rm*@d,okwf 387-wGifvnf; edAÁmefudk aemufxyf
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xdkt,lwdkUudkvnf; ,lí rajymqdk? a&üaygufaom tql;&Sdaom y'kr®mMumonf a&jzifhvnf;aumif;
ñTefjzifhvnf;aumif; rvdrf;usH ruyfNidbdouJhodkU þtwl tZÑwåoEÅmefü (udavom) Nidrf;at;&m
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½Sdygvsuf Ak'¨a[mudk rsufuG,fûyNyD;vQif edAÁmefonf tjyifüom ½Sdav[efqdkaom pmayrsm;udkom
udk;um;xm;onfudkaxmufu yd#uwfawmfü tiftm;enf;yg;aeaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf bk&m;/
þrQjzifh edAÁmefw&m;onf udk,fwGif;üom Nidrf;at;pGm jzpfay:vmaom w&m;jzpfaMumif; todvHk
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aom"em trSwf(17)
«ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf»
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'emvTmtrSwf (17)udk jyefvnf ½Sif;vif; wifavQmufygonf bk&m;/
þtydkif;ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;bufrS q&mawm½&SifOuú| a[majymcJhaom "r®pMuma'oemudk
"r®pMumvufopf[lívnf;aumif;? ygVdudk vlaovljzpfESifh tH0ifatmif t"dyÜm,fwvGJ
zGifhqdkonf[kvnf;aumif; trnfwyfum pGyfpGJa0zefcJhygonf bk&m;/
,if;ESifh ywfoufí vdk&if;jzpfaom pum;vHk;rsm;udkom axmufjy ½Sif;vif;ygawmhrnf?
'd|"ar®mudk apm'ubufrS jriftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonf jzpfí[k q&mawmfOD;Ak"f jyefqdkcsufudk
udk;um;cJhygonf? xdkjyefqdkcsufudk r[kwf[kvnf;aumif; [kwf\[kvnf;aumif; wynfhawmf racsyvdkyg?
ygVdawmftwdkif; teufudkom q&mawmf ½SifOuú| zGifhqdkonfhtwdkif;om wifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
½SifOuú| ]]'d|"ar®m}}qdkaom pum;\ yifudkt"dyÜm,frSm ]]rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\}}[k
qdkygonf bk&m;/
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r[kwfao;aMumif; awGU&ygonf? tu,fí xdktcsdefu t½Sifaum@nonf t&[wåzdkvfodkU
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bk&m;? t&[wåzdkvfonfomvQif jriftyfNyD;qdkaom pum;ESifhtnD udpötm;vHk; NyD;ajrmufol[k t"dyÜm,f
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þae&mwGif zGifhqdkjcif;iSm roifh ]]jriftyfaom opömw&m;}}[kom jyefqdkjcif;iSm oifhaMumif;
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh ywå"ar®m- a&muftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;? 0d'dw"ar®m- odtyfNyD;aom opömw&m;?
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m- ÓPfjzifh ouf0iftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;-paom pum;vHk;rsm;rS ]NyD;aom} qdkaom
pum;vHk;udk roHk;oifh? t½Sifaum@nrSm þ'd|"ar®mt& jrifhcJhç jrifqJ jrifaeOD;vwåHU qdkaomumvoHk;yg;
tusHK;0ifonfh vkyfief;wef;vef;jzpfqJ t"dyÜm,f &ygí ]NyD;aom} twdwfpum;udk vufrcHEdkifaMumif;
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
þ"r®pMumudk jyefqdkMu&mü rlvygVdoufoufudkom apwemtavsmuf udk,fhbmompum;udk
udk,fuRrf;usiforQjzifh jyefqdkMujcif;omjzpfí toHk;uGJjym;aeMuapumrl rl&if;t"dyÜg,f uGmjcm;csuf r½Sdyg
bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf (A[dk)
trSwf (954) arcvmcef;r
16^1-&yfuGuf? &wemvrf;?
oCFef;uRef;ûrdUe,f? &efukefûrdU?
aeUpGJ/ 1981-ck? Zlvdkifv (8) &uf/
odkU
obmywdq&mawmf
jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fcHktzGJU trSwf (2)
ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmif
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukefûrdU/
ed'gef;vTmyg bk&m;-
vZÆDayov odu©mumr oDv0EÅ yd#uwå,yg&*l jzpfawmfrlMuukefaom EdkifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f cHk½Hk; trSwf(2) obmywd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tzGJU0if q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU
bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS pk'dwu'g,um taygif;wdkUu q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
ajcawmfpHkudk OD;cdkufí ½dkaoav;pm;pGm avQmufxm;vTm wifoGif;tyfygonf bk&m;/
,ck wynfhawmfwdkU wifoGif;avQmufxm;onfh wifoGif;vTmonf apm'u&[ef;awmf
t½Sifoljrwfrsm; wifoGif;apm'emonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk aom"emûy&mü tcsDed'gef; jzpfygonf?
oD;jcm;wifoGif;vTm r[kwfaMumif; a½S;OD;pGm todtrSwf ûyyg&ef avQmufxm;vdkygonf bk&m;?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS Ak'¨0g'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; wifjyjzefUjzL;onfh Ak'¨0g'"r®a'oemawmfrsm;tay: "r®ç
t"r® pdppf&mü tjynfhtpHk wifjyygrS aMumif;usdK;qufpyfrI ½Sdygvdrfhrnf? þudpöonf jrefrmEdkifiH
Ak'¨omoemhordkif;wGif tvGefta&;BuD;aom udpö&yf jzpfygaomaMumifh omreftm;jzifh avQmufxm;í
rjzpfyg? ayghayghwefwef oabmrsdK;jzifh wifjyí rjzpfyg? tav;teufxm;í t½Sdudk t½Sdtwdkif; tjzpfudk
tjzpftwdkif; rSefuefpGm wifjyygrS Ak'¨omoemawmftwGuf BuD;pGmaom taxmuftul jzpfygvdrfhrnf
bk&m;/
½SifOuú|0g'qdkonfESifh ywfoufí
½SifOuú|0g'qdkonfudk wu,fyif rMum;zl;MuaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkU ½dk;om;pGm jiif;y,fjcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? trSefwu,fvnf; q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuú|onf wynfhawmfwdkUtm; edum,frsm;wGif
vm½Sdonfh Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemrsm;udkom a[mMum;cJhygonf? wrif wDxGifí topftqef; bmw&m;udkrQ
ra[mMum;cJhyg bk&m;? ½SifOuú| a[mMum;onfh Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemrsm;udkom ]]½SifOuú|0g'}}[k
trnfwyfrnfqdkvQif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif "r®uxduaygif;pHk a[maom w&m;rsm;ESifh 0dyóem*dkPf; rsdK;pHkwdkUu
rdrdwdkU\ tjrifESifh rdrdwdkUa[m ajymaeonfh w&m;rsm;udkvnf; xdk"r®uxdursm; xdk0dyóem*dkPf;0if
&[ef;awmfrsm;\ bGJUtrnfESifh *dkPf;trnfrsm; wGJzufí OD;Z#dv0g'ç OD;ÓPdó&0g'ç r[mpnf0g'ç
pGef;vGef;0g'ç rdk;n§if;0g'ç ÓPpm*D0g'ç ponftm;jzifh trnfwyfqif&ygvdrfhrnf bk&m;? þodkUqdkvQif
jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd Ak'¨bmomavmuwGif 0g'aygif; &mESifhaxmifESifhcsDí ay:aygufaeNyD[k qdk&ygvdrfhrnf?
]]½SifOuú|0g'}} udk "r®-t"r® pdppfvQif tjcm; q&mawmfrsm;\ w&m;rsm;ESifh 0dyóem*dkPf;rsdK;pHkwdkU\
w&m;rsm;udkvnf; "r®-t"r®[k pdppf&ygvdrfhrnf? þodkUqdkvQif omoema&; tajctaerSm wpfrsdK;wpfzHk
ajymif;vJoGm;Edkifygonf bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoe0g'
,ckwpfzef EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf Ouú|BuD;xHodkU (19-
5-81) aeUpGJjzifh ay;ydkUonfh pmtrSwf 208^3^om-r[ewGif ]]or®m'd|dokawoe0g'}}[laom
toHk;tEIef;udk wynfhawmfwdkU twdtvif; jiif;qdkygonf? oD;jcm; topftqef; r[kwfaomaMumifh
jzpfygonf bk&m;? 0g'qdkonfrSm yk*¾dKvfwpfOD; wpfa,mufu rdrdbmom wDxGifí topftqef;wpfck
jzpfonfh t,ltqa&;&mwpfck (0g) wDxGifzefwD;onfh t,ltqopfwpf&yf[k wynfhawmfwdkU
oabmayguf em;vnfygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUwGif t,ltqa&;&m oabmxm;cH,lcsuf
(12) csuf ½Sdygonf bk&m;? xdkcH,lcsuf (12)csufonfvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;u topftqef;tjzpf
wDxGifzefwD;xm;csufrsm; r[kwfyg bk&m;? Ak'¨\ "r®a'oem awmfrsm;udk avhvm;usifhoHk;í &½Sdaom
Ak'¨0g'tESpfom&rsm;udk aumufEkwfNyD; wynfhawmfwdkU\ cH,lcsuftjzpf jyXmef;xm;jcif;om jzpfygonf
bk&m;? 0g'wpfcktjzpf zefwD;xm;jcif; r[kwfyg bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoeqdkonfrSm tjrifrSef&½Sda&;twGuf avhvm½SmazGrnf[laom t"dyÜm,fudk
wynfhawmfrsm; &nfñTef;xm;ygonf bk&m;? rnfonfhudpötwGuf tjrifrSef &ap&ef vdktyfygoenf;?
'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;udk ydkUaqmifEdkifonfh tusifhvrf;pOftwGufom tjrifrSef &½Sd&ef vdktyfygonf?
tjrifrrSefvQif tusifhvrf;pOfvnf; rSefuefEdkifrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;? tusifhvrf;pOf rrSefuefvQif
Ak'¨tvdkawmfus 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;ESifh uif;a0;í ab;odkUom acsmfxGufoGm;ygrnf bk&m;? Ak'¨avmif;vsm
od'¨w¬onf O½ka0vawmwGif (6)ESpfwmywfvHk; 'kuú&p&d,mtusifhrSm;BuD;udk rao½Hk tajctaexd
"r®t"r® tjiif;yGm;rI
þuJhodkUaom tajctaersdK;wGif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf rnfolESifhrQ "r® t"r®
tjiif;ryGm;vdkyg? rlvuyifvQif rdrdwdkU Nidrf;at;a&;twGufom w&m;½SmrSD;avhvmcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;?
vlom;"r®rdwfaqGrsm; pkaygif;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfojzifh zGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'u ay;tyfxm;aom
tcGifhta&;t& vGwfvyfpGm avhvm½SmrSD;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;? auorkwådokwåefvm Ak'¨jrwfpGm\
a'oemrdefUrSmcsufrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtm; tvGefw&m w&m;rQwonfh vGwfvyfcGifhudk
ay;xm;ygonf bk&m;? þtcGifhta&;rsdK;udk tjcm;rnfonfh bmomwGifrS ay;xm;onfudk rawGU&yg
bk&m;/
Ak'¨\0g'onf 0dbZÆ0g' jzpfonf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrlonf [laomtcsufudk
0denf; "dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;vnf; twnfûyvufcHNyD; jzpfawmfrlygonf? 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrlaom
Ak'¨\ wynfhom0ursm; jzpfMuonfh wynfhawmfwdkUonf or®m'd|d tjrifrSef&½Sda&;wGif taxmuftul
jzpf&eftwGufom (0g) 'ku©Nidrf;a&;twGufom avhvm½SmrSD;í a0zefqef;ppfNyD; vufcHusifhoHk;MuonfrSm
tjypfr½Sday[lí ½dk;om;pGmyif ,HkMunfMuygonf bk&m;? Avhvm½SmrSD;jcif;ç a0zefqef;ppfjcif;wdkUonf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ Mo0g'awmfESifh tnDom jzpfonf[k cH,lMuygonf bk&m;/
aom"em trSwf(1)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (1)apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufvTmyg bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;\ apm'em trSwf(1)wGif ]]bmomonf bdef;ESifh wlonf}}[laom
apm'emudk atmufygtwdkif; aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;onf bmom[laom a0g[m&ESifh omoem[laom a0g[m&wdkU\
t"dyÜg,fudk ruGJjym;MuaomaMumifhom þpum;&yftwGuf qwfqwfcg emusnf;jcif; jzpfMu[ef
wlygonf bk&m;? trSefrSm jrefrma0g[m&wGif Ak'¨0g'ESifh ywfoufí ,cifu bmom[laom toHk;tEIef;
r&SdcJhyg? omoem[líom oHk;avhoHk;x &SdcJhygonf/ ukef;abmifacwf bBuD;awmfrif;vufxufwGif
c&pf,mefomoemûy q&ma'gufwm*syfqif a&muf½SdvmNyD;aemuf (Religion)udk bmom[k t"dyÜg,fjyef&mrS
pwifí Ak'¨[laom yk'fESifh wGJzufNyD; Ak'¨bmom[laom toHk;tEIef; ay:aygufvmcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
bmom[laom a0g[m&\ rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ajymqdkoHk;EIef;aom bmompum;ç "avhxHk;pH[líom
t"dyÜg,f&ygonf? ,cktcgwGif t,l0g' udk;uG,frI[laom t"dyÜg,fwdkUjzifh oHk;EIef;aeMuygonf bk&m;/
þü bmom[lonf (Religion) yifjzpfygonf? þpum;udk apm'u q&mawmfrsm; azmfjycsuft&
od&Sd&ygonf? xdk (Religion) udk teuft"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkcJhaomf ‐ (Religion means one of the prevalent
A Buddhist does not seek refuge in the Buddha with the hope that he will be saved by His personal
purification. The Buddha gives no such guarantee. It is not within the power of the Buddha to wash away the
impurities of others. One could neither purify nor defile another. The Buddha, as teacher, instructs us, but we
ourselves are directly responsible for our purification.
aom"emtrSwf (3)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (3) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
þapm'emudk aom"emûy&mü wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyftaejzifh wm0ef½Sdaom
(q) trSwfyg pmydk'fESifh ywfoufí aom"emûyygonf bk&m;/
þapm'emtcsufwGif apm'ut½SifjrwfwdkUu q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuúXu (31)bHk
vufrcHaMumif; wifjyvdkí taxmuftxm;jzifh tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyfrS rdrdvdk&m pmydk'fudk
qGJxkwfNyD; rSm;,Gif;pGm apm'emxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh apm'uyk*d¾KvfwdkU wifjyaom
pmydk'f\ a½SUquf aemufquf pmydk'frsm;udk wifjycGifh ûyawmfrlyg bk&m;/
(tpGJûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf? pmrsufESm 52)
1/ trSefrSm uREkfyfwdkUonf wu,fr½Sdaom t&mudk (0g) uREkfyfwdkU rodao;aom t&mudk
(0g) uREfkyfwdkU&JU tawG;ESifh txifudk tb,faMumifh OD;ESdrf½dkusdK; vufpHkrdk;í ½Sdcdk;ae&rnfenf;/
tu,fwap tJ'D ewfbk&m;rsm;[m xif½Sm;½Sdygonf[k qdkvmacsaomf xdkonfh ewfbk&m;rsm;[m
tqdk;t0g;awG r[kwfyg/ taumif;pm;awG jzpfygonf[lí uHwdkifuHr rnfolu ajymEdkifrnfenf;?
0efcHEdkifrnfenf;? xdkxdk ewfbk&m;wdkUonf waMumfaMumf[pfatmfaeMuaom vlom;wdkU\
qkawmif;yw¬emwdkUudk *½kûy em;axmifzl;ygoavm? ¤if;wdkUonf aumif;olu,fí raumif;oludk
wG,fMuw,f qdkwmaum [kwfp&m ½Sdyg\avm/
2/ ,if;odkU vlaumif;rsm;udk u,frrIESifh vlqdk;wdkUudk wG,fcsrIwdkUtwGuf taxmuftxm;
oufaoom"u ½Sif;jyEdkifygrnfavm? vlwdkUonf udk,fudkwdkif êud;yrf;aqmif½GufrIaMumifh udpöwpfckck
atmifjrifoGm;cJhvQif xm0&bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifMuukef\/
tJ'DvkyfxHk; tqifajyapvdkvQif vlwdkUonf olwdkU&JUqHk;½IH;rI (0g) ratmifjrifrI twGufvnf;
xdkonfh bk&m;ocifudkyif axmyem ûyoifhMuukef&m\/
tb,faMumifhenf; -
olonf taumif;ESifhtqdk; (0g) atmifjrifrIa&m qHk;½IH;jcif;udkyg tusHK;0ifvsuf½Sdaom
þuyÜgBuD;\ zefqif;½Sif jzpfonf[k qdkaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
3/ xdkUaMumifh vGwfvyfBuD;yGm;í tbufbufü BuD;xGm;wdk;wufaeMuaom vlrsdK;wdkUonf
bk&m;ocifudk tjrJwap csD;usL;aeMuovdkyif rvGwfajrmufbJ uRefoabmufb0wGif
eif;jym;jzpfíaeaom vlrsdK;wdkUuvJ ¤if;udkyif aus;Zl;wifí ae&acsrnf/
4/ pifppfaomfwrlum; qdktyfcJhNyD;aom ewfqdk; ewf0g; ewfrdpämrsm;ESifh or®ma'0
ewfaumif;ewfrGefrsm;onf vlom;\ yÍöm½Hktjyifyü wnf½SdMuukef\/ vlom;\ vufawGUe,fudk
ax&0g'DwdkY\ cH,lcsuf
ygVdyd#uwfudk vufcHxm;Muonfh ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf þ tbd"r®myd#uwGif
yg0ifaom usrf;rsm;udk (uxm0w¬KrS vGJvQif) Ak'¨oufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdawmfrlcsdefwGif Ak'¨udk,fwdkif
xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf[k cH,lMuonf/ ,HkMunfMuonf? a[majymMuonf? xdkUaMumifh tbd"r®m
pwifxkwfazmfwifjyol
þtbd"r®mydkif;ESifh ywfoufaom ed'gef;taMumif;udk tapmqHk;wifjyazmfxkwfolrSm
½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo jzpfonf/ azmfxkwfcsdefrSm c&pfESpf 400 -pk tqHk;? 500-pktp (Ak'¨y&dedAÁmefpHNyD; ESpf
900-ausmfwGif) jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkqHk;azmfjyaomusrf;rSm xdkrax&fpD&ifaom t|omvdeDt|uxmusrf;
jzpfonf/ aESmif;acwfay: ax&0g' usrf;ûyyk*d¾KvfwdkUonf t½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo\ tqdktrdefUudkyif
twnfûyvdkufemí pD&ifMuojzifh tbd"r®mordkif;aMumif;ESifh ywfoufaom ed'gef;rsm;onf
ygVdpmaye,fwGif wpfxyfwpfom;wnf; jzpfaeawmhonf? ½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmoonf ygVdawmfrsm;udk
tXuxm zGifhqdk&mü emrnf&í MoZmvTrf;rdk;vSojzifh ]]Ak'¨rwñl}}yk*d¾Kvf[líyif tac:cH&onf/
Ak'¨tvdkawmftmabmfudk odol[k t"dyÜm,f &ygonf/ oifh roifh qHk;jzwfMuygukef/
Ak'¨\"r®ppf rSwfausmuf
Ak'¨\ t"duusaom "r®onf ]]tewåjzpfonf? tewå\ trSwftom;onf tedpö jzpf\/
tedpöqdkonfrSm ae&mXme tcsdefumv "r®obm0tm;jzifh wpfoabmwnf; r½Sdjcif; jzpfonf? r&yfrem;
vIyf½Sm;ajymif;vTJaejcif;onf aMumif;usdK;qufpyfí jzpfysufaeaom jzpfysuftpOf\ tESpfom&jzpfaom
tewåyif jzpfonf}} þum; Ak'¨\ "r®ppf "r®rSef jzpfonf? Ak'¨\ "r®onf obm0tjyifbufodkU xGufjcif;
r&Sday? Ak'¨\"r®onf xGifvHk; r[kwf? t½Sdudk t½Sdwdkif; azmfjyonf? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨\ "r®onf
rSwfausmufwifcHEdkifjcif;½Sdonf? Ak'¨\"r®onf oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vHkavmufayonf/
odkUygvsuf -
(1) "r®tjyif tbd"r®m[laom oabm xyfqifh ay:xGufvm&jcif;
(2) "r®ESifh xdk"r®udk vdkufemxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf 0de,rsm;udk Ak'¨u jyXmef;cJhygvsuf Ak'¨\
y&dedAÁmef pH0ifcsdefrSpí oHCmcsif;*dkPf;uGJum t,ltqrsm; uGJjym;í csJUxGif
jyefUyGm;vmjcif;/
(3) tbd"r®m t,ltq tcsJUtxGif rsm;jym;us,fjyefUvmonfESifhtrQ rl&if;"r®ESifh
0de,wdkUtay:wGif cH,lusifhoHk;csuf tm;enf;vmjcif;wdkUrSm rsufarSmufacwf
vlom;wdkUtm; pOf;pm;a0zef&ef wdkufwGef;aeygawmhonf/
oHo, oHo&m
txl;ojzifh þtbd"r®myd#u\ zGm;&mZmwdESifh zGm;jrifvmyHkwdkUonf urÇmYokawoDrsm;ESifhwuG
wdk;wufaom ynm½SifwdkU\ rsufvHk;wGif oHo,t&dyfta,mifrsm;oef;vsuf ½Sdapygonf? þtcsufudk
zHk;uG,fxm;vQif ½SufzG,f&mom ½Sdcsdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;&ef
(1) yxrESifh 'kwd,oH*g,emwifyGJrsm;wGif tbd"r®myd#u yg0ifonf[lí r[m0ifç 'Dy0ifESifh
0denf; plV0g ygVdawmfwdkUwGif rawGUMu&jcif;/
(2) ½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo a&;om;onfh 'dCedum,f t|uxmusrf;wGif
yxroH*g,emwifpOfu 0de,yd#uESifh edum,fBuD; 4-&yfwdkUudk tm*Hkaqmifí
xdef;odrf;apmifha½SmufEdkif&eftwGuf ½SifOygvdç ½SiftmeE´mç ½Sifr[muóyç ½Sifom&dykwå&mç
½SiftEk½k'¨gwdkU\ wynfhrsm;tm; ydkUcsay;&ef wm0efvTJtyfMuukefonf/ tbd"r®myd#u rnfolYtm;
wm0efvTJtyfonf qdkaomtcsuf vHk;0 rygjcif;/
(3) t|omvdeD tp½Sdaom t|uxmusrf;rsm;ESifh tdEd´,EdkifiH bmom&yfESifh
qefcsDt&yfrsm;wGif½Sdonfh a½S;a[mif;ausmufpmrsm;wGifvnf; ]]'DCbmPu, rZÑdrbmPu}} paom
pum;rsm;udk awGU½Sd&aomfvnf; ]]tbd"r®bmPu}}[laom a0g[m&udk vHk;0 rawGU&jcif;/
(4) oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPfwGifvnf; tbd"r®m (7)usrf; ½Sdonf/ xdk(7)usrf;wGif yg0ifaom
w&m;rsm;udk ½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh ½Sifarm*¾v’mefwdkU a[mcJhonf[k qdkjcif;/
(5) oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPfwGif½Sdaom tbd"r®m (7)usrf;rSm ta&twGufomwlí usrf;trnfrsm;ESifh
yg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm ax&0g'*dkPf;½Sd tbd"r®musrf;rsm;ESifhrwl uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; [laom
tcsufrsm;rSm pOf;pm;p&mrsm;½Sdí txufygtcsufrsm;udk axmufqvQif tbd"r®musrf;rsm;onf
Ak'¨0g'wdkUtwGif; *dkPf;rsm; uGJjym;NyD;rS woD;wjcm;pDay:aygufvmMuonf[k ,lq&efom ½Sdygawmhonf/
½IaxmifhtaxGaxG
(1) wwd,oH*g,emudk aqmif½GufawmfrlMuaom &[EÅmwpfaxmifwdkUonf "r®udk
OD;pD;cJhaMumif; azmfjy&mü ]]awyd#u}}[laom toHk;tEIef;udk awGU&onf/ ½Sifr[marm*¾vdwdórax&fonf
rdrdwdkU\ t,l0g' oefU½Sif;apjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? omoemawmf t"GefU½SnfpGm wnfwHhjcif;iSm
vnf;aumif;? ]]tbd"r®m}}rnfaom uxm0w¬Kusrf;udk pD&ifcJhonf[k r[m0Housrf;wGif azmfjyxm;\/
(2) wdbufbmomodkU jyefqdkxm;aom oAÁw¬d0g'0de,usrf;ü yg½Sdaom yxroH*g,emwif
rSwfwrf;wGif tbd"r®mESifh ywfoufaom tqdkonf ygVdbmom rSwfwrf;rsm;xuf wdusvSonf/
Zmwfvrf;b,fu&ovJ
½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo\ 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;jzpfay:vmyHk Zmwfvrf;onf rsufarSmufacwf okawoDwdkUtm;
oHo,yGm;aponf? ½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmoonf rZÑdra'orS oD[dkVfodkU a½Smuf½Sdaomtcg yd#uwfawmfudk
avhvmcGifh ul;,lcGifh&&eftwGuf r[m0d[m&0goD oHCmwdkUxHwGif cGifhyefonfhtcg r[m0d[m&0goDwdkUu
yd#uwfÓPfpGrf; usrf;ûycdkif;onf qdk\? þwGif 0dok'd¨r*¾t|uxmusrf;udk pD&ifonf? odMum;rif;u
,lNyD; 0Sufxm;í 'kwd,tBudrf jyefa&;&jyefonf? odMum;rif;u,lNyD; 0Sufjyefonf (jyefa&;&jyefonf)?
wwd,tBudrf a&;NyD;aomtcgrS yxr 'kwd,tBudrf a&;aom usrf;rlESpfapmifudk jyef&onf qdkonf?
usrf;pmrlrsm; 3-ck udk wdkufqdkifMunfh&m rjcm;wlnDaeonfudk awGU&onf qdk\/
odkUaomf okawoDwdkUu ½SmazGavhvmaomtcg 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;ray:rD ESpfaygif; 200-cefU u
ajrmufydkif;Ak'¨bmom*dkPf;rsm;twGif;ü ]]0drkwdår*¾}} [laom usrf;wpfusrf;ay:aygufaeNyD jzpfaMumif;udk
awGU½Sd&onf? xdkusrf;udk ouúwbmomrS w½kyfbmomodkU jyefqdkxm;onf/
0drkwdår*fusrf;yg tqdktrdefUrsm;onf ½Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo\ 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;yg tqdktrdefUrsm;ESifh
qifwl,dk;rSm;½Sdaeonfudk awGUMu&onf? trnfa&m taMumif;yg qifwl,dk;rSm; jzpfaeygonf/
þodkUvQif 0dok'd¨r*fonf 0drkwdår*fudk rSDjirf;ûy enf;,l&rnfrSm aocsmvSonf? odMum;0SufZmwfvrf;onf
xGifvHk;om jzpfonfqdkvQif vGefEdkifaumif;oavm? qdkvdkonfrSm wm0wðomZmwfvrf;udkvnf;
tbd"r®m a0g[m&
"r®mwda&aum "r®0daooa|e tbd"r®m[lí vnf;aumif;? tbd0doda|m "ar®m tbd"r®m[lí
vnf;aumif; tbd"r®\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkxm;csufudk t|omvdeDt|uxm paom usrf;rsm;wGif
okwå0de,wdkUxuf xl;uJpGm jrwfaomw&m;[k qdkvdkygonf? odkU&mwGif okwå0de,wdkUxuf
xl;uJvGefjrwfonfqdkaom tbd"r®mudk ck'´uedum, (twdktxGm xnfhp&m) (0g) tao;i,fqHk;aom
edum,fwGif xnfhoGif;&onfrSm tonf;emp&m ½Sufp&m aumif;vSygonf/
tbd"r®m[laom a0g[m&udk yd#uwfawmftwGif;ü tenf;qHk; a0g[m&tjzpf awGU½Sd&onf?
rlvyPÖmo? r[ma*god*Fokwfü ]]r[marm*¾vmaem rH {w'a0gp tm0kaom om&dykwå a'G bdu©L
aom"em trSwf(8)
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf
trSwf(8) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf&m
vrf;aMumif;udk ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMuygonf[k apm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí aom"em
ûytyfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm; bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm;onf y&d,wfpmayudk uRrf;usifolrsm; r[kwfygaMumif; a½SUydkif;wGif
wifjyavQmufxm;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
1/ apm'emq&mawmfrsm;\ ]]Aka'¨g a[óH oa'0au? oHoma&óH oa'0uH} (oa'0au?
ewfESifhwuGaom avmuü? Aka'¨g? bk&m;onf? a[óH? igjzpftHh? oa'0au? ewfESifhwuGaom avmuudk?
oHoma&óH? oHo&mrS u,fwifxkwfaqmiftHh) [k ygVdESifh teufjyefxm;csufudk awGU½Sd&&m ¤if;ygVdrsm;\
okwåeftñTef;rsm; tydk'frsm; pmrsufESmrsm; razmfjyojzifh vkyfMuHxm;aom ygVdrsm;yif jzpfava&mYoxm;[k
oHo,0ifvsuf ½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
«þae&mta&mufwGif ½Hk;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf/ »
pk'dwuwdkU\ oHo,aMumifh apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;udk ar;ppfjcif;
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -pk'dwu'umrsm;u trSwf(8) 0daooapm'emxJrSmygaom ]]Aka'¨g a[óH
oa'0au}}oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} qdkwJh ygVdESifh teuf jyefjcif;udk oHo,½Sdae
ygw,fwJh? apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;u þtcsufudk ajyvnfatmif
ajz½Sif;jyvdkufyg/
OD;0dok'¨d(apm'u) -pk'dwu'umrsm;u oHo,jzpfwmudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ cGifhûycsuft&
twdtus ñTefjyNyD; avQmufxm;ygr,f bk&m;/ ]]Aka'¨g a[óH
oa'0au}}[laom ygVdonf Ak'¨0HoygVdawmf pmrsufESm-300? *gxmeHygwf 55-
wGif yg½Sdygonf bk&m;? ]]oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}}[laom ygVdonfvnf;
Ak'¨0HoygVdawmf pmrsufESm-200? *gxmeHygwf 56-wGif twdtus yg½Sdygonf
bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -pk'dwursm; auseyfMuNyDvm;/
pk'dwursm; -auseyfygNyD bk&m;/
2/ wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfxm;onfrSm opömav;yg;udk odíomvQif bk&m;jzpfygonf?
avmu[laom yk'frSmvnf; apm'uq&mawmfrsm; azmfjyxm;ouJhodkU oa'0uavmu [kwfrnfrxifyg?
p&aPe o*F[dwwåm 0dZÆm ap0 p&PÍö/ wxm awoH 'GdEéH 0dyóem,maeeç £wa&oH orx,maeeç
o*F[dweåmç oraxm ap0 0dyóem p}}[lí yg½Sdygonf/
0dZÆm? odkUr[kwf 0dyóemonf or®m'd|dESifh or®mouFyÜ jzpfygonf? p&P? odkUr[kwf orxonf
or®m0gpm or®morm"d jzpfygonf bk&m;/ r*¾ifxdkufaom 0dyóemudk usifhoHk;jcif;tm;jzifh
orxjzpfaom(odkU) p&Pjzpfaom Nidrf;at;rI tusifhonfvnf; jynfhpHkNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;? odkUygí
wynfhawmfrsm;twGuf 0dyóemtvkyfudk vkyf,if;jzifhyif orxtvkyfrsm;vnf; tvdktavsmuf
yg0ifaeNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
6/ Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf ynm"duAk'¨jzpfí r*¾if½Spfyg;wGifvnf; or®m'd|d(0g)ynmonfyif
eHygwf 1-ae&mwGif xm;½Sd a[majymawmfrlcJh&m wynfhawmfrsm;uvnf; ynmpcef;jzpfaom
0dyóemudkom a½SUqHk;rSxm;í ajymqdka&;om;ae&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|d [lonf tjrifrSef
jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdk ]]tjrifrSef}} udk ]]trSefjrif}} rS &½Sdygonf? trSefjrifqdkonfrSm ouf½SdoufrJh
jzpfygonf? þouf½SdoufrJhonf oE´d|du tumvdu paom "r®*kPfESifhvnf; udkufnDygonf bk&m;?
ouf½Sdvlom;onf oufrJhtpm? a&ç avwdkUaMumifh jzpf&onf? xdk tpm a& avwdkUonf A[d'¨avmuü
½Sdonf? A[d'¨onf tZÑwå jzpfvmonf? xdktZÑwåonf ouf½Sd jzpfonf? Xdkouf½SdonfyifvQif rMumjrifhrD
A[d'¨jyifyodkU ul;ajymif;oGm;onf? tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tpm av a&wdkUonfyifvQif a½GUvsm; rwnfNidrf
yHkpHwpfckrS yHkpHwpfckodkU ajymif;vJaeonf? Oyrm pyg;rS qef? qefrS xrif;? xrif;rS vl jzpfygonf bk&m;/
rwnfjrJaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;wdkUjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom þ½kyfum, 0w¬Konfvnf;
rwnfNrJay? xdkodkUodvmaomtcg xdkouf½Sd½kyfum,ay:ü ]]tjrifrSef}} &½Sdvmygonf?
xdktjrifrSefonfyifvQif or®m'd|d jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkor®m'd|donfyifvQif ynm jzpfygonf bk&m;?
ynm[lonf ]]yuma&e ÓaPm}} t& cGJjcm;pdwfjzmí odaom todÓPfyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
«þae&m ta&mufwGif ½kH;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf»
yuma&e ÓaPm ygVdtrSm;udk ar;jcif;
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -apm'emtrSwf(8)udk ajzMum;aom aom"emü ]]yuma&e ÓaPm}}[laom
ygVdonf usrf;wpfusrf;u,lNyD; xnfhxm;aom ygVdvm;? or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUrS 'umwdkU&JU vufjzpf ygVdvm;/
zwfMum;ol -'gu wynfhawmfwdkU 0daoopew¬oabm oufa&mufwJh ygVdwpfckckudk
wynfhawmfrsm; ½Sm&if; azG&if; zwf&if; A[kokw Mum;zl;wJhtaeeJU
xnfhxm;wmyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU Ouú| OD;cif[efrSm wm0ef½Sdygw,f OD;cif[efudk ar;yg/
aom"emtrSwf (9)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(9)apm'emvTmudk aom"emûyygonf t½Sifbk&m;/
]]þwGif 0denf;usifh0wfudk tvsOf;*½krpdkufaom OD;Ouú|}}[k oHk;EIef;xm;onfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf?
rdrdudk,fwdkif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|udk rzl;awGU rqufqHzl;ygbJESifh tom;vGwf pGyfpGJajymqdkMujcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkif tBudrfBudrf zl;awGU qufqH&aom q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuú|rSm
0de,*½ku yk*¾dKvfBuD; jzpfygonf? wynfh&if; 'um&if;rsm;udkaomfrS pwifNyD; EIwfqufavh r½Sdyg?
wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGUêuHzl;ol tcsdKUonf q&mawmfBuD;tm; txifrSm;wwfMuygonf? rnfolUxHrS
rnfonfhypönf;udkrQ tvªcHonfudk rawGU&zl;yg? tvªcHw&m;vnf; wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ ra[mzl;yg?
wpfqifhMum;r[kwf udk,fwdkiftodtjrifudk wifjyjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
(u) ,aeU bdu©KoHCmqdkwJh *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;awmfBuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk
riJhrn§mbJ avhvmoHk;oyfMunfhvdkuf&if Oyg'gef wpfvHk;wpfcJBuD; jzpf½Sdaewmudk
awGU&jyefygw,f}}[laom pum;\ tmabm*udk oabmraygufMuaomaMumifh
]]&uf&ufpufpuf tremy a&;om;xm;wmudk awGU&ygw,f bk&m;}}
[k apm'emMujcif; jzpfygonf/
1/ pmayta&;tom;wpfckudk a0zefpGyfpGJrnfqdkvQif pma&;ol\ &nf½G,f½dk;&if; ESvHk;oGif;
tmabm*udk oabmaygufzdkU vdktyfygonf? tmabmfudk oabmayguf em;vnf&eftwGuf
pmwpftkyfvHk;udk zwf½I&ygrnf? tjypf½Smvdkaom apwemjzifh udk,fvdk&mqGJNyD; ajymjcif; pGyfpGJjcif;onf
olawmfaumif;wdkU\tvkyf r[kwfyg raemrrSefolwdkU\ vkyf&yfrsdK;om jzpfaMumif; apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm;
owdvpfoGm;[ef wlygonf bk&m;/
2/ þpmydk'fwGif q&mawmfBuD;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm 0denf;wpfckwnf;udk tav;xm;vGef;NyD;
Oyg'gefruyfrdMuzdkU jzpfygonf? 0denf;uHwpfckwnf;udkom tav;xm;vGef;vQif oHo,pdwfyGm;í Oyg'gef
jzpfvQif usifhoHk;&rnfh tjcm;&[ef;w&m;wGif avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifygonf? tusOf;tm;jzifh (227)yg;aom
odu©myk'fwdkUonf tus,fyGm;ygu uka#ckESpfaxmifausmf ½Sdonf[laom tqdktrdefUrsm;onf oHo,ESifh
Oyg'gefudk jzpfapwwfygonf bk&m;/
3/ 0denf;odu©myk'fwdkUwGif ygavh½Sdaom ]]oaÍöwedum,}}[laom rdefUqdkcsufonf
tvGefavsmfuefvSygonf bk&m;? usL;vGefvdkonfh apmwemr½SdvQif rnfonfhjypfcsufrS roufa&mufEdkifyg?
pu©Kygvax&0w¬KwGif rsufpdrjrifaom &[Eåmt½SifjrwfBuD; jzpfawmfrlonfh pu©Kygv rax&fBuD;onf
pMuøOD;ü ydk;½GufwdkUudk rjrifaomaMumifh eif;rdav&m rsm;pGm aoaMuysufpD;oGm;ygonf? Zeyk'f&[ef;wdkUu
txifrSm;NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf pu©Kygvrax&f
ydk;½GufwdkUudk eif;rdonfudk jrifMuoavm}}[k ar;awmfrlygonf? rjrifMuyg bk&m;[k &[ef;rsm;u
aom"emtrSwf(10)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJ hrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(10)apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;odu©myk'fawmfudk toufwrQ usifhoHk;vdkufem aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif;
oHCmawmfwdkUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfa&;om;NyD; oHCmawmfudkapmfum;rIûyjcif;ESifh
ywfoufaom apm'emcsufudk aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGyfpGJcsuf(10-q)ESifhywfoufí aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
]]tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyf\ pmrsufESm(14)udkñTef;vsuf bmom0efaqmif[laom
pum;onf Ak'¨bmomqdkif&m or®KwdoHCmwdkUudk &nfñTef;onfr[kwfbJ bmom0efaqmifxm;aom
xm0&ESifh "r®q&m(0g)w&m;vrf;ñTefyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk qdkvdk&if;jzpfygonf bk&m;? T½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh
t½SifOygvdwdkUonf bmom0efaqmifrsm; r[kwfyg? omoemh0efxrf;rsm;omjzpfMuygonf/
aom"emtrSwf (13)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(13) 0daooapm'emvTm tydk'f(7)udk aom"emûyvTmygbk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
þapm'emvTmudk tn0g'Dyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf OD;Ouú|\"mwfyHkudk&ifüxdk;í tjrwfwEdk;
ûyaeMuygvsuf Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\udk;uG,f&m apwDykxdk;usumrS tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk
twkvkyfxm;onf[k apmfapmfum;um;ajym&ufjcif;rSm vl,Ofaus;wdkU\ tajccHw&m;uav;rQyifr½Sd&m
a&mufaeMuygonf[k apm'empGJcsufwifxm;ygonf/
1/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf apwDykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf
ra[mcJhMuyg? ra&;om;cJhMuyg? OD;a½Tjynfh\ vlUtbd"r®m ar;cGef;vTmpmapmifi,fwGif yg½Sdaomar;cGef;udk
Munfhíwynfhawmfrsm;tm; tvGwfrJhpGm &rf;um;pGyfpJGjcif;rQomjzpfygonf bk&m;? ar;cGef;onf
ar;cGef;rQomjzpfí tajzr[kwfaMumif;udk apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; uGJjym;pGm odoifhygonf?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfu a[majymaMumif; a&;om;aMumif; rnfonfhtaxmuftxm;rSrjyEdkifbJvsuf
t&rf;rJhpGyfpGJjcif;rsdK;onfroifhawmfyg? Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ESifhywfoufí a½S;a[mif;urÇmYordkif;pmrsufESm-
153ü yg½Sdonfhatmufygpmydk'fudk zwf½Iapvdkygonf bk&m;/
]]Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk pwifxkvkyf&ma'orSm ul½Sefrif;qufxGef;um;cJhaom *E¨m&ESifh
rxk&ma'orsm;yif jzpfygonf? tdEd´,jynfom; ordkif;ynm½Siftrsm;uyif Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf
rxk&ma'oü pwifxGef;um;cJhonf[k ,lqMuygonf? taemufwdkif;om; ordkif;ynm½Sifrsm;url
xdk½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf *E¨m&a'oüpwifxGef;um;cJhonf[k ,HkMunfMuygonf? rxk&mvuf&myHkrsm;onf
bDpD-wpf&mpktukefuyif pwifxGef;um;vmcJhonf? rxk&ma'ou yef;ykq&mwdkUonfa'oEÅ&e,fajrxGuf
oJausmufrsm;jzifh &maygif;rsm;pGmMumrQ xkvkyfcJhMuygonf? xdkUaMumifh rxk&mvuf&myHkrsm;onf
c&D;eD;a0;jyefUESHUcJhí aESmif;acwf yef;ykynm½Sifrsm;wGifvnf; rsm;pGmvTrf;rdk;cJhavonf? rlvuyif
*sdef;t,l0g'qdkif&m &[ef;awmfrsm; ur®|mef;pD;jzef;ae[efrsm;udk trsm;tjym;xkvkyfcJhMuojzifh
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;u xdkyHkrsm;udktwk,lum Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk xkvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
2/ þordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& ½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf bDpD-wpf&mpk Ak'¨y&dedAÁmefûyNyD;
ESpfaygif;(500)ausmfrS ay:aygufvmaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf? ordkif;ynm½Sifrsm;onf bufpHka'gifhpHkudk
avhvmí wl;azmf&½Sdaom oufaocH taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfí cdkifvHkygonf bk&m;/
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; tudk;tum;ûy aomax&ty'gefusrf;onf ck'´uedum,fwGif tvGefaemufusrS
ay:aygufvmaom usrf;wpfusrf;omjzpfí cdkifvHkrIr½Sdygacs? ,ckwifjycsufrSefuefaMumif;udk
Ak'¨wuúodkvfBuD; ay:aygufvmonfhtcgwGif t½Sifbk&m;rsm;od&ygvdrfhrnf bk&m;/
aom"emtrSwf(14)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(14)apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;qk,ljcif; oydwfoGwfjcif; paom
bmomrIukodkvfa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udk tydkoufouftjzpfjzifh a[majyma&;om;zsufqD;jcif;qdkif&m
apm'emcsufudkaom"emûytyfygonfbk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
qkay;qk,ludpöwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; a[mjyxm;aom apm'emcsuf (14)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
tudk;tum;rSm qkay;qk,ludpöESifh rnfodkUrSroufqdkifyg? 'geoDvpaomyg&rD(10)yg;udkom
azmfjya&wGufxm;aom ygVdjzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkygVdESifhqkay;qk,ludpö rnfodkUrSroufqdkifonfudk
oufqdkifoa,mifa,mif azmfjyí wynfhawmfrsm;\ ygVdtm;enf;csufudk tuGufaumif;[kxifum
tEdkifusifhí tvJxdk;ygaomfvnf; ppfrSefaomAk'¨jrwfpGm\ "r®rSefuwynfhawmfrsm;bufrS tumtuG,f
ay;vsuf½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
Ak'¨½SifawmfjrwfonfyifvQif qkay;qk,ludpöESifhywfoufí q|rl 0denf;yd#u r[m0gygVdawmf
jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (395) pD0&u©E¨uyk'fa&(337) wGif ZD0uonf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ]]t½Sifbk&m;
tuREkfyfonfjrwfpGmbk&m;tm; wpfckwnf;aomqkudkawmif;vdkygonf[k avQmuf\? ZD0u
jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUonf qkay;jcif;ESifh vGefajrmufukef\[k rdefUawmfrl\}}
¤if;tjyif ,if;jrefrmjyef 0domcg0w¬K pmrsufESm(409)pmaMumif;a&(14)wGif ]]t½Sifbk&m;
tuREfkyfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ½Spfyg;aom qkwdkUudkawmif;qdkyg\[k avQmuf\? 0domcg
jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUonf qkay;jcif;rS vGefajrmufukef\}} [krdefUawmfrl\? þae&mü ZD0uESifh 0domcgwdkU
awmif;qdkaom qkrsm;rSm wrvGeftusdK;arQmfrsm;jzpfonfxifí qkay;jcif;rSvGefajrmuf\[kqdk\?
Zd0uESifh0domcgwdkUawmif;onfhqkonf tyfvnf;tyfyg\? tjypfvnf;r½Sdyg[k avQmufxm;rScGifhûycJh\/
ZD0uawmif;aomqkrSm ouFef;vªcGifhûy&efjzpfNyD; 0domcgawmif;aomqkrSm -
(1) oHCmawmftm; toufxufqkH; rdk;a&cHouFef;udkvªvdkjcif;ç
(2) {nfhonftm*EÅKtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
(3) c&D;oGm; &[ef;wdkUtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
(4) olem&[ef;wdkUtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
(5) olemûy&[ef;wdkUtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
(6) olem&[ef;wdkUtm; aq;vªvdkjcif;ç
(7) tjrJ,m*kvªvdkjcif;ç
(8) bdu©KeDoHCmtm; a&oEkwfudk vªvdkjcif;ç
aom"emtrSwf (16)
«or®m'dXd okawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (16) apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
trSwf (16) apm'emvTm tydk'f (3)? pmrsufESm (53) wGif ]]or®m'dXdwdkU\ bdk;awmfBuD;
OD;0go0uvnf;}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ,if;apm'em pmrsufESm (54)? aMumif;a& (7) wGif
]]or®m'dXdokawoeorm;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ bdk;awmfBuD; OD;0go0}}[lívnf;aumif; okH;EIef;xm;onfudk
awGU½Sd&ygonf/
1/ wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'dXd okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf q&mawmf ½Sif0go0\ wynfhrsm;
r[kwfMuyg? Mo0g'cHrsm; r[kwfMuyg? rnfodkUrQ qufpyfrIr½SdMuyg? wpfOD;wavrSvGJí trsm;pkrSm
q&mawmfBuD; ½Sif0go0udk rjrifbl;Muyg/
2/ rnfodkUrQywfoufqufpyfrI r½Sdaom q&mawmf½Sif0go0udk wynfhawmfwdkU\
]]bdk;awmfBuD;}} trnfwyf pGyfpJGazmfjyonfrSm tvGefr½dk;om; rjzLpif rajzmifhrwfonfh
pGyfpJGcsufomjzpfygonf/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;udk aqmfvdk ESufvdk odu©mcsvdkaom
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ apwemqdk; raemqdk;rSm xif½Sm;ay:vGifvGef;vSygonf? or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUtaMumif;udk ¤if;wdkU aumif;pGmrodaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf? xdkUaMumifh þa0g[m&
tokH;tEIef;udk apm'u&[ef;wdkUu jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ay;yg&ef 0denf;"dk&fckH½kH; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rSwpfqifh
avQmufxm;ygonf/
xdkUjyif pmrsufESm (54)? aMumif;a& (10) ü-
]]Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 251-wGif a&;om;xm;aom ÓPfBuD;½Sif ½SifOuú|\ tqdktrdefUudkvnf;
wifjyyg&ap bk&m;/
]]0domcg ausmif;trBuD;onf vifa,mufsm;ESifh? temxydPfolaX;BuD;onfr,m;BuD;ESifh
aeMu\? odkUaomf ¤if;wdkUonf wPSmESifh Oyg'gef r½SdMuawmhbJ vifh0wfig;yg; r,m;0wfig;yg;
ûyMu½kHrSwyg; tEkyg'gefw&m;ESifh aexdkifMuojzifh aomwmyefjzpfí okcw&m;udk &aeMu\/}}
pOf;pm;awmfrlyg bk&m;? aomwmyefjzpfí wPSm Oyg'gef r½SdMubl;wJh bk&m;? tawmfav;eufwJh
Ouú| tbd"r®myg bk&m; [lí apm'emwifxm;ygonf/
þapm'emonf vlNydef;êuduf apm'emcsufom jzpfygonf/
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfonf udk,fvdk&m pmydk'fuav;wpfckudkom qGJxkwfí tuGufrdNyD[laom
apwemqdk;jzifh apm'emjcif;omjzpfygonf? A½SUaemuf qufpyfí tjynfhtpkHrazmfjybJ
tjypfqdkcsifonfhaZmjzifh uGufíxkwfjyvdkufonfrSm tvGefrSm;aeygonf/
xdkpmydk'frSm Ak'¨tbd"r®mpmtkyfwGif opömtcef; ork',opömÓPfokH;yg; azmfjy&mü
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú| a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf? xdktcef;udk tjynfhtpkHazmfjyygrnf/
ygVdrl
wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH y[DeEÅdar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok / y/ tmavmaum
O'yg'd/
jrefrmjyefcsuf
cspfom;wdkU þ'ku©\ taMumif;rSefudk igy,fí NyD;cJhNyD? þodkUtm;jzifh a½S;u rMum;pzl;ukefaom
w&m;wdkUü rsufpdyGifhvm\? ÓPfvif;vm\? em;vnfrI&vm\? odrI&vm\? tvif;a&mifxGef;vm\?
a0zefcsuf
xdkork',opömwGif 3-yg; xm;onfum;-
yxr-ork',opöm 'ku©\ taMumif;rSefod&rnf? (opöÓPf)?
ork',opömudk y,f&rnf? (udpöÓPf)?
ork',opömudk igy,fNyD;NyD? (uwÓPf)
[k okH;rsdK; em;vnf&rnf/
'ku©opömESifh ork',opömrSm 'ku©opömudk urÇm½Sd bmomwdkif;uoabmwl\? vufcH\?
'ku©\taMumif;rSefjzpfaom (1) ork',opömudkrl oabmrwlMuacs/
'ku©w&m;onf bk&mocif\ tvdkawmfus zefqifxm;onf[k jiif;aeMu\? uHaMumifhjzpfonf[k
,lqaeMuukef\/
tDwvDjynfü tdwemrD;awmif aygufuGJ&m ¤if;udk wm;qD;&eftvdkUiSm bk&m;ocifudk ½Sdcdk;í
qkawmif;cJhMuukef\/
a*gwrAk'¨bk&m;url þodkUr[kwf? rD;awmifaygufuGJwm[m obm0taMumif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkUtwl 'ku©jzpfaMumif;awGudk ½Smawmhvnf; taMumif;udk awGU½Sdw,f? £ó&edr®me-
zefqif;vdkUjzpfwmraumif;? toifwdkU xifjrif,lqwdkif; owå0gawGudk bk&m;ocif zefqif;vQif
'ku©udkokcjzpfatmif zefqif;yg[k ajym\/
trSefw&m;u 'ku©\ taMumif;rSefudk y,f&rnf? ¤if;taMumif;rSefudk y,frS 'ku©rS vGwfí
okc&rnf[k a[m\/
ork', Oyg'gefonf xif½Sm;½Sdaomw&m;r[kwf? r½Sdaom w&m;udk ½Sdonf[k Oyg'gef
pGJaeMujcif;aMumifh 'ku© jzpfaeMu\? ray:ao;aom ypönf;udk vdkcsifaeMu\/ odkavSmifí xm;wmrsm;
½Sdygovm;? r½Sdacs/
êuHzl; awGUzl;aom t&mudkom vdkcsifaeMu\/ rêuHzl; rawGUzl;wmudk vdkcsifMurSef;yif
odMuyg\avm¿/
aom"emtrSwf(17)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (17) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
tydk'f(3)wGif ]]OD;Ouú|[m "r®mpMumw&m;udk vufcHw,f? av;pm;w,f
[líxifrSwfaeMuygw,f}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ]]OD;Ouú| "r®mpMumonfum; bk&m;a[m
"r®mpMumr[kwfaMumif;udk rodMuygbk&m;}} [lívnf;aumif; apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;u
pGyfpGJxm;Muygonf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpfusrf;udk aqmfcsifESufcsifonfhaZmjzifh qE´vGefNyD; pGyfpGJxm;onfh pGyfpGJcsufom
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
1/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; OD;Ouú|onf "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk vufcHaMumif; av;pm;aMumif;
rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfygonf bk&m;? q&mawmfBuD;onf "r®pMumudk ESpfaygif;(40)ausmf
a[mawmfrlcJhygonf? jrefrmEdkifiH t&yf&yfrS yifhavQmufMuonfh w&m;yGJrsm;wGifvnf;
"r®pMumw&m;awmfudkyif t"duxm;í a[mMum;awmfrlygonf? &efukefûrdU? ½Siftm'dpö0Hoausmif;wdkuf
em,uq&mawmf ½SifynmaZmw\ tEÅdrpsmyeyGJwGif "r®pMumw&m;awmf wpfckwnf;udkyif (7)
nwdkifwdkif qufía[mMum;cJh&m ausmif;0if;tjynfh w&m;emy&dowf vma&mufemMum;onfudk
udk,fwdkifudk,fus êuHawGUcJhzl;ygonf bk&m;/
2/ q&mawmf ½SifOuúX azmfxkwfa[mMum;awmfrlaom "r®pMumw&m;awmfonf bk&m;a[m
"r®pMumom jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkif od½Sdem;vnfMuygonf bk&m;? oabmaygufMuygonf
bk&m;? &[ef;½Sifvl trsm;uvnf; vufcHtwnfûyMuygonf bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;udk,fwdkif od½Sdem;vnfoabmayguf&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
twk erlem,lEdkif&efvnf;aumif;? 'ku©at;vdkol 'g,um 'g,dumrsm;tm; udk,fwdkifa[mMum;wwfap&ef
vnf;aumif;? ½dk;om;oefUpifaom apwemjzifh q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuúSX a[mMum;awmfrlonfh
Ak'¨"r®pMumrl&if;udk apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; þ0denf;"dk&fckH½kH;wGif oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom
]]½SifOuúX\ Ak'¨tbd"r®m}} pmtkyf pmrsufESm 170 rS 260 txdudk aphpyfaocsmpGm
zwf½IavhvmawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;? ,if;onf Ak'¨a[m "r®pMumw&m;awmf
ppfppfomjzpfaMumif; rsuf0g;xifxifawGUjrif&NyD; apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; rdrdwdkUtrSm;udk
oHa0*ÓPfyGm;rsm;Edkifap&ef aom"emûy&ygawmhonf bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'emtrSwf (18) udk aom"emjcif; rûyay/
aom"emtrSwf (19)
«or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (19) apm'emvTmudk aom"emcsufyg bk&m;/
q&mawmfBuD;rsm; bk&m;-
1/ þapm'emvTmwGif ]]Ak'¨bk&m;ociftm; omrefvlom;wpfa,mufxuf ydkí
txifrBuD;Muygbk&m;}}[laom pGyfpGJcsufonf tom;vGwf pGyfpGJcsufom jzpfygonf? wynfhawmfwdkUu
Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk t½Sifbk&m;wdkUxuf ydkíyif txifBuD;Muygonf? Munfñdkav;pm;Muygonf? twå'd|d
xlajymaom urÇmavmuBuD;wGif tewå[laom qefUusifbuf tokH;tEIef; tawG;tac:jzifh
twåavmuBuD; wkefvIyfoGm;atmif a<u;aMumfí opömwHcGefvTifhNyD; urÇmudk tvif;"mwfBuD;
ay;awmfrlcJhonfh twkvyk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD;tjzpf todtrSwfûyí wu,fMunfñdkav;pm;Muygonf?
tay:,H[efjy Munfñdkolrsm; r[kwfMuyg? Munfñdk[efjyNyD; pm;aygufxGifolrsm; r[kwfMuyg?
oefUoefUpifpifjzifh rdrdudk,fwdkif oabmayguf em;vnfí MunfñdkMuolrsm;om jzpfaMumif;
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; today;ygonf bk&m;/
2/ Ak'¨0ifudpöudk wynfhawmfwdkU aom"em rûycsifMuyg? pdEÅdwH owåoacsF,sH? 0gpuH
ponfjzifh yd#uwfr0ifusrf;rsm;\ tqdktrdefUudk wynfhawmfwdkU rqef;ppfoifhaybl;vm;? ]]rm
yd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdwå}}[líyif Ak'¨a[m>rufawmfrlcJhygao;onf? Ak'¨0ifusrf;rsm;wGif Ak'¨\ *kPfawmfudk
xdcdkufaponfhtaMumif;t&m trsm;tjym; yg0ifaeaMumif; jiif;EdkifvQif jiif;qdkawmfrlMuyg/
3/ rSwfcsuf/ /]]avmua&; rvdrfrmíom qifjzLawmfudk ½Iwfcsa&;om;jcif;
jzpfonf}}[laom xdkapm'u&[ef;awmfwdkU\ a&;om;csufonf rsufarSmufacwfudk jyuf&,fûyonfh
½Sufp&mjyufvkH;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
4/ apm'emwifoGif;vTm pmrsufESm (68)? tydk'f 3 rSm apm'u&[ef;wpfyg;u or®m'dXd
okawoetrnfudk cH,lMuaom vlwef;pm;wdkUonf ½dk;ajzmifh rSefuefaom Ak'¨bmomrsm; r[kwfMuaMumif;
olwdkU\ twif;qdk;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom pmrsm;u oufaocHvsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;? olwdkU\ twGif;om;
tajymta[mrsm;onf Zmwfodrf;oGm;MuNyDjzpfaom yJcl;½dk;ray:rS awmcdkuGefjrLepfrsm;\ tajymtqdkESifh
wpfxyfwnf; cRwfpGyfwlaeygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí or®m'd|dokawoeq&mwdkUonf Ak'¨udk
yl;uyfcGmuyfpepfjzifh zsufqD;aeMuaom t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; aocsmygonf bk&m;[k
avQmufxm;cJhygonf/
5/ apm'emwifoGif;vTmwGif ed'gef;wifqufaom apm'em&[ef;u ed'gef;tydk'f (1) wGif
jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor® jrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpkol jynfaxmifpkom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkU
êudufESpfouf&mbmomudk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh½SdMuygonf? rnfonfhbmomudkrQ
rudk;uG,fvdkolwdkUvnf; bmomrJhtjzpf aexdkifcGifh ½SdMuygonf[k azmfjyygonf/
ed*Hk;
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk; trSwf(2) obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tzJGU0ifq&mawmf
t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
,cktcgwGif wpfzufaom apm'em&[ef;awmf t½Sifoljrwfrsm; wifoGif;onfhapm'emrsm;twGuf
wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfu wm0efusaom tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;udk wynfhawmfrsm;
aom"emûyoifhorQ wynfhawmfwdkU >cif;csufrxm;cJhyg? ,ck ed*Hk;csKyftjzpf avQmufxm;oifh
avQmufxm;&mrsm;udk avQmufxm;cGifhûyawmfrlyg bk&m;/
wynhfawmfwdkU aom"emûy&mü ed'gef;wGif avQmufxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; yk*¾v'd|mefrzufbJ
"r®'d|mefoufoufom aom"emûycJhaMumif; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; udk,fawmfwdkif tMum;yif jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;udkvnf; wynfhawmfrsm; rnfodkUrQ oabmrxm;yg?
trsuftmCmwvnf; vHk;0 r½Sdyg? olwdkUvnf; olwdkUudpö olwdkUwm0efudk ½dk;om;pGmxrf;aqmifjcif;rQom
jzpfonf[k oabmydkufrdygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;onfvnf; rdrd\ wm0efwpfckudk ausyGefatmif
xrf;aqmifvdkufjcif;rQomjzpfygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifhyif wynfhawmfrsm;tm; "r®0g'Drsm; jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;? wynfhawmfrsm;
vufcHusifhoHk;aeonfh Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ opömav;yg;? tewåESifh y#dpöorkyÜg'wdkUrS qifhyGm;"r®a&;&m
wifjycsufrsm;udk "r®0g'jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; aMunmay;&ef todtrSwfûyay;yg&ef
q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;tm; wynhfawmfrsm; vkH;0rawmif;qdkvdkyg bk&m;? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\
qE´awmftwdkif;omvQif Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ rsufESmawmf wpfckwnf;udkom axmufxm;í tqkH;tjzwf
ûyawmfrlMuyg t½Sif bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyfuawmh Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ wynfhom;tppf
jzpfawmfrlcJhaom q&mawmft½SifOuú|\ wynfhrsm;yDyD EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fckH½kH;
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk Munfom½TifûyH; ESvkH;csrf;ajrhpGm cH,lrnfjzpfygaMumif;
½dkaoav;pm;pGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;/
t*Fvdyfpmtkyfrsm; taMumif;ar;jcif;
obmywd - uJ- 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u ar;p&m ½Sdao;ovm;/
OD;Óedu - tenf;i,f ar;p&m½Sdygw,f/
obmywd - ar;csifwm½Sd ar;yg/
OD;Óedu - 'umBuD; OD;cif[efESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ar;csifygw,f?
ar;&rSmuawmh tjcm;r[kwfygbl;? 'umBuD;wdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if
yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU trSefjrif&atmifvkdUqdkNyD;awmh okawoevkyfaew,fqdkwm
q&mawmfwdkU od½SdMu&NyD; jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dvdk okawoeûy&mwGif
yd#uwfawmfusrf;*efrsm;udk ususee ywfywfeyfeyf vnfvnfBuD; avhvmMuyg&JUvm;vdkU
ar;ygw,f? ( xNyD;awmh avQmufyg )
tzGJU0ifwpfOD; - Ouú|BuD;u em;av;vdkU rMum;&yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - 'gjzifh OD;cif[ef&JU udk,fpm;vS,fwpfa,muf ajzyg/
udk,fpm; - t½Sifbk&m;tar; jyefajymyg/
OD;Óedu - t"dyÜm,fu 'Dvdkyg? 'umBuD;wdkU or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUutjrifrSefudk
½SmaeMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm Ak'¨tbd"r®mESifhwuG yd#uwfawmfusrf;*efrsm;udk
vnfvnfywfywf ususee avhvmxm;Muygovm;vdkU 'Dvdk ar;wmyg/
jrifhaqG - bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkU ravhvmzl;yg bk&m;? wpfvkH;p ESpfvkH;pbJzwfzl;ygw,f bk&m;?
jynfhjynfhpkHpkH r½Sdyg bk&m;/
OD;ÓPdu - [kwfNyD? aemufwpfcg t½SifOuú|rSwpfyg; tjcm; tjcm;aomq&mawmfrsm;xH
'Dyd#uwfrsm;ESifhwuG yd#uwfa&;&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;avQmufxm;
ar;jref;zl;Muygovm;/
jrifhaqG - ar;zl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ar;zl;ygovm;/
jrifhaqG - rSefyg? awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ar;zl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - b,fq&mawmfrsm;xH csOf;uyfzl;ygovJ/
jrifhaqG - 'Dvdk EdkifiHausmf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udkawmh wynfhawmfwdkU rcsOf;uyfzl;yg bk&m;?
wynfhawmfwdkU vufvSrf;rDorQ awGU½SdorQq&mawmf orm;awmfrsm;udkawmh
wynfhawmfwdkU r½Sif;wJh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ar;zl;ygw,f? avQmufzl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - [kwfNyD? 'umwdkU t*Fvdyfvdk pmayzwfwwfw,f? em;vnfw,fqdkwm bkef;BuD;wdkU
Mum;oGm;vdkuf&w,f/ 'Dawmh ta&;BuD;wJh,ck P.T.S yg|dyd#uwfpmaytoif;rS
]]tvum;ae&if tvum;vlyJ/
udk,feJYawGYwJh omoem?
udk,feJYqHkwJh &wemoHk;yg;?
udk,feJYêuHwJh q&morm;awG ½Sdygvsuf...
tvum;ae&if tvum;vljzpfa&m/}}
("r®'lw t½SifynmaZmw)
yPmrESifh y#dnmOf
1/ e,rÜd tnmodw&rÜd wpäuH?
0dwpäuH a,m ok0dbZÆ a'o,D/
teua0wpä 0demouH 0&H?
0dbZÆ0g'ð rPrmr om'&H/
(0Ho|*gxm)
2/ umrÍö oHaCm oZaem 0daem',D?
wH tEÅ&m,H reaom 0d[n'H/
a*[|umeH orPmepmy&H?
orÁK'¨o'¨r®rvDeum&uH/
(£E´0Ho*gxm)
3/ emou©d Or®Lvdwa0 o oAÁaom?
tmPH tv'¨ge yomouAÁvH/
'ged" omr*¾drblwykAÁuH?
oHCó &|ó AvH vbmrao/
(£E´0Ho*gxm)
4/ o'¨r®ok'¨wåXdwwåumrdaem?
a0ykv’ayu©m tEk,kwåum r,H/
oHaCe &nm p 0dedpä,H 0&H?
wóH ,kwH ok|K orm&bmrao/
(£E´0Ho*gxm)
5/ ememyÜum&AÁdy&Dw'óe?
orÇLw þwð 0d"keD, 0wåwH/
wH "r®puúH Zdebm0dwH pd&H?
avmurSd o'¨r®Zkwð ybmo,H/
(£E´0Ho*gxm)
1/ a,m Zdaem? ig;rm&fatmifjrif tMuif bk&m;½Sifonf/ e,rÜd? owå0gwdkUç
aumif;&mydkUonfç rcsdKUajzmifhwef;ç vlUpnf;urf;udkvnf;aumif;/ £w&rÜdç vGJaoGwdrf;yg;ç acsmfí oGm;uç
azmufjym;ysufaMuç tcufayGvsufç oufaoqHk;a&mufç vHk;vHk;arSmufrnfhç aumufuspf&rf;um;ç
enf;vrf;rSm;udkvnf;aumif;/ wpäurÜd? acwfawGodef;aomif;ç umvajymif;vnf;ç rapmif;ra½GUç
a[mif;"avUjzifhç aumif;írSefom;ç opömw&m; udkvnf;aumif;/ 0dwpäurÜd? tzdk;r[Jhç usdKrwJhíç
orxESifh 0dyóem
12/ av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;umvywfvHk; êud;pm;tm;xkwfí xlaxmifawmfrlcJhaom
Ak'¨jrwfpGm omoemawmfü vlom;wdkUtm; edAÁmefwnf;[laom oHo&mvrf;qHk;yef;wdkifodkU
ta&mufydkUaqmifEdkifaom w&m;wpfpHk ½Sdayonf? ,if;onfum; tjcm;r[kwf? txufü qdkcJhaomorm"dESifh
ynmyif jzpfonf? ,if;orm"dESifh ynmonf orxESifh 0dyóemyifjzpfayonf? avmukwå&mpcef;odkU
wufvSrf;Mu&mü orm"donf ynmudk tajccHtaejzifh aus;Zl;ûyouJhodkU ynmonfvnf;
orm"dudkjyefvnf aus;Zl;ûyayonf/
tu,fí 0dyóemonf udavomxkxnfudk xkESufûzdcGJonfhvufeufjzpfonfqdkvQif orm"donf
xdkvufeufudk ypfrvGJatmif xdef;csKyfwnfhrwfay;onfh ud&d,mwefqmozG,f jzpfayonf? 0dyóem
ynmonf eD0&Pt½IyftaxG;wdkUudk ckwfxGify,f½Sif;onfh "m;vufeuf jzpfonfqdkvQif orm"donf
xdk"g;vufeufudk xufjrufatmif aoG;&rnfh "m;aoG;ausmufyrm jzpfavonf/
13/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,ckacwftcgü orm"dxlaxmif&ef rvdk? 0dyóem½IvQif
udpöNyD;onf[k ajymqdkwwfrIrsdK;onf trSm;pifppfomjzpfonf? orm"drygvQif 0dyóemtom;
rdpäm'd|dokawoe
30/ þuJhodkU or®m'd|dqdkae&if;u tESpfom& txnfudk,ftm;jzifh or®m'd|d r[kwfbJ rdpäm'd|d
jzpfaeyHkESifh ywfoufí jzpfawwfaom rdpäm'd|drsm;taMumif;udk "r®tarGb@mwdkufxJrS tenf;i,f xkwfí
jyayOD;tHh/
jrwfAk'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;onf or®m'd|d jzpfyHkjzpfenf;omru rdpäm'd|djzpfyHkjzpfenf;rsm;udkvnf;
jynfhjynfhpHkpHk xkwfazmf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? or®m'd|dbufü t<uif;tusef r½Sd? trSefw&m;tm;vHk;udk
azmfxkwf ay;awmfrlxm;ouJhodkU rdpäm'd|dbufüvnf; trSm;[lorQ wpfckrQ rusef&atmif tukef
zGifhjyxm;awmfrlcJhonf? Ak'¨yd#uwfawmfü rdpäm'd|dtm;vHk;udkzGifhjyxm;aom w&m;a'oemawmfonfum;
'DCedum,f oDvu©E¨0*fvm jA[®Zmvokwfawmfyif jzpfavonf? jA[®Zmvokwfü rdpäm'd|daygif; 62-
rsdK;udk xkwfjyawmfrlxm;\? ,if;rdpäm'd|d 62-rsdK;wdkUum;- oów0g' (4)rsdK;? {upöoów0g' (4)rsdK;?
tEÅmeEÅ0g' (4)rsdK;? tr&m0dau©y0g' (4)rsdK;? t"dpöorkyÜEé0g' (2)rsdK;? onD0g' (16)rsdK;? tonD0g'
(8)rsdK;? ae0onD emonD0g' (8)rsdK;? Oapä'0g' (7)rsdK;ESifh 'd|"r®edAÁme0g' (5)rsdK;? pkpkaygif; (62)rsdK;
jzpfavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf urÇmavmuwGif ½Sd½SdorQ rdpäm'd|dtm;vHk; þjA[®Zmvokwfü yg0ifyHkudk
Oyrmaqmifí azmfjyawmfrlcJhonf? uRrf;usifaom uGefypform;onf a&uefi,fwpfuefvHk; vTrf;ûcHrdatmif
uGefudk ypfvdkufaomtcg a&uefwGif;½SdorQ ig;wdkUonf uGeftkyfrdjcif;udk cHaeMu&í ul;vQifvnf;
þuGefxJrSmyif ul;Mu&onf? ikyfvQif ay:vQifvnf; þuGefxJrSmom ikyf&ay:&onf? uGefrS
rvGwfEdkifMuacs? þOyrmuJhodkUyif urÇmavmutwGif;½Sd rdpämt,l rSeforQonf þjA[®Zmvokwf
w&m;awmfxJü tusHK;0ifonfom jzpfonf? jA[®Zmvokwfvm rdpämt,lrS vGwfaom rdpäm'd|d[lí
r½SdaMumif; wdusjywfom;pGm a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
þjA[®Zmvokwfvm rdpämt,lwdkUudk tenf;i,fazmfjy&aomf-
oów'd|d av;rsdK;teuf MuHpnfpl;prf;rIrQjzifh twåESifh avmuonf jrJ\? edpöw&m;[k ,laom
oów'd|dwpfrsdK; yg½Sd\? {upöoów av;0g'wGif MuHpnfpl;prf;rIjzifh ½kyfrjrJ emrfrjrJ (tcsdKUjrJ
tcsdKUrjrJ)[k ,laom {upöoów'd|dwpfrsdK; yg½Sd\? t"dpöorkyÜEéac: taMumif;r½Sd ESpf0g'wGif
MuHpnfpl;prf;rIjzifh twåESifhavmuonf bmtaMumif;rQ r½Sd? (twdwfb0 ponf r½Sd) olU[mol
jzpfvmonf[k ,laomt,l yg½Sd\/
'D0g' (16)rsdK;wGif ½kyfonf aoNyD;onfhaemuf rysufpD;[k ,laom t,l0g'wpfrsdK; yg½Sd\?
Oapä''d|d(7)rsdK;wGif r[mbkwf½kyfav;yg; tpkta0;onf aoNyD; jywf\? (aemufb0 r½Sd) [laom t,l
yg½Sd\? 'd|"r®0g' (5)rsdK;wGif vuf½Sdb0ü tm½kHig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkUudk cHpm;EdkiforQ cHpm;rIonfom
rSef\[k ,laom t,lESpfrsdK; yg½Sd\/
0depä,q&mawmfwdkU\ aqmif½Gufcsuf
31/ þ 0depä,udk ûypkMuaom EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)q&mawmfrsm;onf
EdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vHk;½Sd wpfodef;ausmf oHCmawmfwdkU\ udk,fpm; rdrdwdkUtay: usa&mufaeaom omoemûy
wm0ef0wå&m;udk xrf;aqmifMu&olrsm; jzpfayonf? 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; Nidrf;at;oGm;ap&ef
qHk;jzwfay;&rnfh udpöü qE´ a'go b, arm[[laom t*wdw&m;av;yg; uif;pifa&;udk txl;
owdcsyfcJhMuayonf/
cspfojzifh vdkvm;ojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif;ç rkef;wD;ojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif;ç aMumuf½GHU pdk;&drfojzifh
t*wdvdkufjcif;ç trSefudk rodojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif; [laom trSm;wdkUudk a½Smif½Sm;&mü
Ak'¨omoemawmfjrwftwGuf aoa&;½Sifa&;wrQ tvGefUtvGef ta&;BuD;vSaom udpöwpf&yfjzpfí
rnfolukdrQ rvdkvm;ç rnfolUukdrQ arwåmrysufç rnfoludkrQ raMumufbJ arm[m*wdwnf;[laom
rodrItpGef; vGwfatmifom txl;owdxm; aqmif½GufMuayonf/
þuJhodkU BuD;av;vSaom omoemhwm0efudk xrf;aqmif&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a½TrsufESmawmf
wpfckwnf;udkomMunfhí qHk;jzwfcsrSwf&rnfudk aumif;pGm ESvHk;ydkufrdMuonf? xkdUjyif rl;,pfaom
olrsm;onf trl;t,pf ajyaysmufaomtcg csrf;omjcif;odkU a&mufouJhodkU tjrifrSm; t,lrSm;
aeaomolwdkUonf tjrifrSefa&mufí csrf;omMuygap [laom arwåm apwemudkvnf; xm;½SdMuayonf/
,ck þ½kH;awmfü pGJqdkxm;aom vlaovljzpfrIESifh ,if;\ oufqdkif&m0g'wdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í
apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu apm'em(21)csufudk ap'emMuonfqdkaomfvnf; trSefpifppf 21-csuf ruay?
vdar®mfoD;wpfvHk;wGif trTmrsm;pGm yg0ifouJhodkU apm'emwpfckwGif tcsuftvufaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm
yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&ayonf? tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifhyg0ifaom apm'emcsufaygif; (240)ausmf ½Sdayonf/
þrQ us,fjyefU rsm;jym;vSaom pGJcsufwdkUudk r<uif;rusef yg0ifEdkifa&;ç bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfus
wnfhrwf rSefuefpGm qHk;jzwf csrSwfay;Edkifa&;wdkUtwGuf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUonf þ urÇmat;ü
0gqdkNyD; (4)vrQtcsdef,lvsuf us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jynfhjynfhpHkpHk oHk;oyf½IjrifcJhMu&ayonf/
edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk t|uxm #DumESifhwuG tjyefjyeftvSefvSef oHk;oyfqifjcifjcif;ç
q&mpOfquf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk oHk;oyfjcif; ponfjzifh vpf[if;rI r½Sdatmif aeUrtm; nrtm;
êud;pm;pdppfcJhMuayonf? xdkodkU pdppf&mü apm'em aom"emESifh ywfoufí usrf;aygif; 200-ausmf
okwfaygif; 500-ausmfudk toHk;ûyum n§dEdIif;wdkufqdkif pdppfcJhMuayonf/
xkdUjyif tcsdKUt&mü trsm; oHo,uif;½Sif;ap&ef ajrmufydkif;Ak'¨bmomusrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;
avmuDusrf; tqdktrdefUrsm;udkvnf; tenf;i,f,lí ajz½Sif; pdppfxm;ayonf? odkU&mwGif 0depä,
csrSwfaomtcgwGifum; ax&0g'yd#uwf usrf;pmrsm;t&om qHk;jzwfcsuf csrnfjzpfayonf/
þuJhodkU trIudk udkifwG,f&mwGif t"du½kPf;jzpf&m 0g'a&;&mudkom t"duxm;NyD; apm'ubuf
pk'dwubuf ESpfbufvHk;udk rQrQww Munfh½IoHk;oyfcJhayonf? pk'dwuwdkUbufrS t,ltqa&;&mESifh
edAÁmefvrf;r aysmufuG,furl
Ak'¨omoem? þokH;jzmwGif
a'oemyd#uwf? touf"mwfwnf;
touf"mwfom? ysufa<uygrl
ESpfjzm ywf a0? aoBuD;aovdrfh
a'oemawmfenf;? zsufqD;apmfum;
rsm;jym;vlaygif;? ysufapaMumif;wkdUukd
pkaygif;vkyfMu? tm;xkwfMuonfh
t"r®ab;&ef? Nidrf;atmifBuHrS
okH;wefomoem? wnfNrJumjzifh
usifh&my#dywf? tusifh"mwfaMumifh
jrifhjrwfr*fzkdvf? edAÁmefukd? tvkd&Sdol
&vdrfhrnf .....
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom;)
conditioning influences. It seeks then to view clearly and with acute penetration all that is of
the mind and all that is of material qualities, and unclouded by ignorance, to see them as they
are in realith.
(*) Ak'¨"r®onf vlom;ESifh ewfjA[®mwdkUtMum;ü ½Sdaeaom tquftoG,fudk
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ raqG;aEG;aom bmoma&; oabmw&m;wpfck jzpfonf? pifppfrS
owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ twGif;tjyifü ½Sdaeaom tajctaersm;udk ½IjrifoHk;oyfaom
,if;twGif;tjyifESpfckü ½Sdaeaom tquftoG,fudk pHkprf;ppfaq;aomç ,if;wdkUudk
tkyfpdk;jc,fvS,faeonfh taMumif;w&m;wdkU\ oabmoGm;udk tusdK;rSaeí
½IjrifoHk;oyfaomç t0dZÆm (rodem;rvnfrI)u zefwD;ay;vdkufonfh t½IyftaxG;udk
ajz½Sif;yHk enf;vrf;ñTefjyaomç wnfNidrfaomtajctaeudk &yHk&enf; azmfjyaomç
(tjyiftyrS)taMumif;ûyzefwD;aom (jA[®mç AdóEdk;ç wefcdk;½Sifç xm0&ç cdk'g
ponfwdkU\) MoZmtmPm r½SdyHkudk azmfjyaom bmoma&; oabmw&m; jzpfonf/
(D) The Buddha's teaching is therefore a process which by a proper practice in gaining
understanding of the true nature all there is , Leads to the stable state. It, as this statement
makes clear, the Buddha's teaching is shown to be the gaining of understanding of the True
nature of all there is of mind and material qualities, then clearly it is the second definition of
religion that is most nearly applicable to it, i.e; to gather together, collect, ponder over, to give
heed to, observe, and care for.
(C) xkdUaMumifh Ak'¨"r®onf oifhawmfaom tavhtusifhtm;jzifh t&mtm;vHk;\ obm0rSefudk
em;vnfrI &&m&aMumif; jzpfNyD; wnfNidrfaom tajctaeudk azmfaqmifaom
usifhpOfwpfckjzpfonf? þtqdkt& Ak'¨0g'onf ½kyfESifhemrf½SdorQ tm;vHk;\obm0rSefudk
em;vnfrI &apwwfaom0g' jzpfaMumif; azmfjyEdkifygvQif 'kwd,0dû*d[fonf Ak'¨"r®ESifh
tawmfudkufnDaom &DvD*sif;\ 0dû*d[f jzpfonf? ,if;onfum; tqufrjywf
pkaqmif;jcif;ç awG;ac:pOf;pm;jcif;ç *½k"r®ûyjcif;ç aphpyfpGmavhvmjcif;ç owd½Sdjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
12/ ,if;odkUqdkvQif þ'kwd,0dû*d[ft& Ak'¨0g'udk (&DvD*sif;) bmomw&m;[k
&J&JqdkEdkifawmhonf? þodkU Ak'¨0g'udk &DvD*sif; (bmomw&m;)[k qdkvdkufojzifh xm0&0g'DwdkU\
ewfbk&m;rsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;ç aMumufvefUjcif;ç qkawmif;jcif;ç udk;uG,f0wfûyjcif; [laom Rite and
tarQmfESifh taMumuf
uav;oli,fwdkUudk qHk;roGefoifaom rdbwdkUonf ylavmifjcif;ab;&efudk ajymjyí(0g)
ajcmufvSefUí rD;rudkif&atmif wm;jrpfMuonf? pmar;yGJatmifvQif bGJUxl; *kPfxl; &rnf?
y&dwfowftv,f wGifus,fyGifhvif;rnf? udk,ftm; EIwftm;jzifh yifyef;BuD;pGm rvkyfrudkif&bJ
Nidrf;csrf;oufompGm toufarG;Edkifrnf? vlcspfvlcif aygrsm;rnf? xifay:ausmfaprnf ponfjzifh
tusdK;w&m;udk azmfjyí qHk;roGefoifMuonf? ,if;odkU qHk;roGefoifonfhtwdkif; ylrnfpdk;í rD;udk
rudkifaomaMumifh xdkuav;onf ylavmifjcif;ç rD;ylaMumifh aoab;txd 'ku©a&mufjcif;rS
uif;vGwfjcif;tusdK; cHpm;&ayonf? êud;pm;í pmoifaomtcg xdkoli,fonf pmar;yGJatmifjcif; paom
tusdK;aus;Zl;udk cHpm;&onf? xkdUaMumifh ajcmufvSefUíqHk;rjcif;ç tusdK;jyí qHk;rjcif;onf
rnfodkUaomtjypf ½SdEdkifygoenf;? bk&m;½Sif\ tqHk;trawmfwGifum; tusdK;udkjyí vnf;aumif;ç
tjypfudkjyívnf;aumif;ç qHk;rawmfrlaom a'oemawmfrsm;rSm ra&rwGufEdkifatmif ½Sd\? þodkU tusdK;udk
jyjcif;onf aMumufatmif ajcmufvSefUonf[lí vnf;aumif;? tarQmfcdkif;onf [lívnf;aumif; rqdkEdkif/
19/ þae&mü Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;taejzifh taMumif;tusdK;udkomjyí qHk;rawmfrlyHkudk t>rufrQ
jytHh/
(u) raumif;rIudk ûyaomolonf ,ckb0üvnf;aumif;? aemifb0üvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef
wrvGef 2-wefaom b0üvnf;aumif; ylyefqif;&J&\? igonf raumif;rIudk ûyrdNyD [k
awG;awmylyef\? 'k*¾wdbHkodkU a&mufaomf ydkíyif ylyefqif;&J&\/
("r®y'? ,ru0*f *gxm 17)
£" wyÜwd aypö wyÜwd? ygyum&D Ob,w¬ wyÜwd/
ygyH ar uwEÅd wyÜwd? bda,sm wyÜwd 'k*¾wð *awm/ (1? ck? 15)
(c) aumif;rIûyaom olonf ,ckb0üvnf;aumif;? aemifb0üvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef wrvGef
2-wefaom b0üvnf;aumif; 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;&\? rdrd\vkyfief; pifMu,f
aumif;jrwfrIudkMunfhí olonf tzefwvJvJ 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;&ay\/
("r®y'? ,ru0*f *gxm 16)
£" arm'wd aypö arm'wd? uwykanm Ob,w¬ arm'wd/
aom arm'wd aom yarm'wd? 'doGm ur®0dok'¨drw¬aem/ (ck? 1? 15)
(*) owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf raumif;rIudk ûyrdvQif xdkraumif;rIudk xyfwvJvJ
rûyrdapoifh? raumif;rIüawmifhwjcif; qE´udk rûy&m? raumif;rI rsm;vQif
qif;&JaomtusdK; ½Sd\/ ("r®y'? ygy0*f *gxm 2)
ygyH ap yk&daom u,d&m? e eH u,d&m ykeyÜKeH/
e wrSd qE´H u,d&mx? 'kau©m ygyó Opöa,m/ (ck? 1? 30)
u- ajrç a&ç avç rD; "mwfBuD;av;yg;onf trSefoabmawG jzpfonf/
c- þ"mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkU\ tpktaygif;udk udk,fcE¨m? tm½kHpdwf? tm½kH [lí
ac:a0:orkwfMuonf/
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C- waq;ponfrS rl;,pfapwwfaom owåd ay:vmouJhodk ,if; "mwfBuD;av;yg;rS
0dnmOfay:vmonf? "mwfBuD; av;yg;wdkUuomvQif pOf;pm;awG;awmukef\/
i- pdwf 0dnmOfjzifh txl;ûytyfaom ½kyfMurf;BuD;yif twå(0g)owå0gjzpfonf/
p- a&yGufonf a&\ tay:ü ½kwfcsnf;jrif ½kwfcsnf;aysmufoGm;ouJhodkU ZD0onfvnf;
½kwfcsnf;jrif ½kwfcsnf;aysmufoGm;avonf/
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf 379
tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, (ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;)
q- edAÁmef(0g)vGwfajrmufjcif;[lonf aoqHk;uG,fvGefjcif;yifwnf;/
Z- pD;yGm; OpömESifh umrcsrf;omonfom owå0gwdkU\ vdk&iftusdK;jzpfonf/ (w&m;usifhjcif;ç
vGwfajrmufjcif; [lonf pifppfteuft"dyÜm,fr½Sday/)
ps- avmuom;wdkU\ vrf;pOfudkom vdkuf&rnf/ (avmukwå&mvrf;aMumif;[lí r½Sd/)
n- wrvGefb0ü ½Sdaom owå0g[lí r½SdaomaMumifh wrvGefavmu[lonfvnf; r½Sday/
#- rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç udk,fwdkUjzifh xdawGUcHpm;tyfaom rsufawGU vufawGUonfom
cdkifvHkaom yrmPjzpfonf (rsufawGUç vufawGU r[kwfaom t&monf rcdkifvHk? yrmP
rrnf/) (avmum,wokwf ac: (NAd[wfqywd) a&;aomokwf)
31/ txufygokwfwGif(c) trSwfpum;t& yç tmç 0gç aw "mwf 4-yg;udkyif
cE¨mudk,f[lívnf;aumif;? pç oç Cç Zç u ac: yom' 5-yg;? qif;ç oHç eHç pm;ç awGU tm½kH 5-
yg;[lívnf;aumif; ac:onf[kqdkxm;&m ½kyfonf emrf? emrfonf ½kyf[k qdkaom vlaovljzpf
q&mwynfhwdkU\ 0g'ESifh wpfxyfwnf;usae\/
32/ OD;Ouú|ESifh ocifjrwfqdkifwdkUonf avESifh awaZm awGUvQif tm;^touf[lí
ay:vm\[k qdkMu\? OD;udkudkav;u emrfonf ½kyf\tcdk;[k qdk\? (C)trSwfjy txufygokwfvm
t&ufrsdK;aphrS rl;,pfapwwfaom owåd ay:vmouJhodkU "mwf4-yg;rS 0dnmOfay:vmonf[laompum;ESifh
wpfom;wnf; usavawmh\/
33/ (n)trSwfjy pum;t& wrvGefb0ü½Sdaom owå0g[lí r½SdaomaMumifh
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pm;vdkufaom tpmonf oHk;rsdK;uGJí xGufonf? tMurf;pm;"mwfwpfpkonf usifBuD; jzpfonf?
tvwfpm; "mwfwpfpkonf tom;jzpfonf? tEkqHk;jzpfaom "mwfwpfpkonfum; pdwf0dnmOf
jzpfay:vmonf/
(t"sm, 6? u@ 5? tydk'f 1)
aomufvdkufaom a&onf 3-rsdK;uGJí xGufonf? tMurf;pm;"mwfwpfpkonf usifi,f jzpfonf?
tvwfpm; "mwfpkonf aoG; jzpfonf? tEkqHk;jzpfaom "mwfwpfpkonfum; touf jzpfay:vmonf/
(t"sm, 6? u@ 5? tydk'f 2)
36/ xdkrSwyg; ½kyfESifhemrfudk xyfwl ,lqaom Vulgar materialism ½kyfMurf;0g'\ oabmudk
½Sif;jyOD;rnf/
þ0g'onf q,fhudk;&mpk 0ef;usifwGif *smreDjynfü pwif acwfpm;vmaom0g' jzpfonf?
vlApfAsL;ceJ (Kari Vogt lud B chner) trnf½Sd *smreftrsdK;om;ESifh *sufaumharmav;a½SmY (Jacou
]]taMumif;wdkU\ nDñGwfjcif;onf wGJzuftaMumif; rnf\/ 0dnmOfjzpfzdkU&ef £a`E´onf
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a½S;½Iwnf&m\}} ponfjzifh rdefUqdkxm;avonf/
41/ pnfudk wD;cwfí jzpfay:vmaom toHudkMum;&müum; ]]aomwÍö y#dpö oa'´ p OyÜZÆwd
aomw0dnmPH wdPÖH o*Fwd zaóm}} (oH? 1? 301) paom ed'ge0*foH,kwf 'ku©okwf ygVdawmfESifh
EdIif;,SOf&m\? ygVdawmfüvnf; y#dpö\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk þodkU aumuf,l&rnf[k t|omvdeD
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reodum&a[wkuH pwl[d ypöa,wd OyÜZÆwd aomw0dnmPH o'¨ð orÜ,kawå[d}} (tbd? |? 1? 321)
]]tvHk;pHkaom tusdK;rJhudk ûywwfaom oHo&mudk zsufqD;wwf oHo&m\ taMumif;jzpfaom
t0dZÆmudk avsmh&Japwwf jA[®mhxHodkU a&mufapwwfaomaMumifh Oyedom' rnfowwf}}? ,if;
OyedoQm'fusrf;rsm;udk ,ckacwfynm½Sifrsm; todtrSwfûycsuft& usrf;aygif; 150-cefU½Sdonf[k
od&onf? ,if;wdkUwGif tcsuftvufwifjyyHk ½Sif;vif;jcif; a½S;usjcif;[laom ½Iaxmifhjzifh q,fhESpfusrf;
q,fhoHk;usrf;cefUom ynm½Sifrsm;\ av;pm;jcif;udk cH&onf? tESpfom&tm;jzifh obm0w¬ynm
'óe[lorQwdkU\ a&aomufjrpfozG,f txnfudk,ftaetm;jzifh wnf½Sdí twGif;pdwfESifh ywfoufaom
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yg0ifaeonf[k t&rf;rJhpGyfpGJMuaom taemufEdkifiH ordkif;ynm½SifwdkUESifhwuG ,if;wdkU\aemufvdkuf
OD;Ouú| q&mwynfhwdkUonf rnfonfhtcsufonf jAm[®P0g'ç rnfonfhtcsufonf Ak'¨0g'[lí
cGJa0ydkif;jcm;wwfaom todÓPfenf;Muojzifh rdrdwdkU ÓPfrrSDaom tcsufç r,HkMunfEdkifaom
tcsufwdkUudk jAm[®P0g'[k vufñdI;xdk;um yd#uwfawmfrS ûzwfy,fvdkMu\? Oyrm-ur®óuwmESifh
ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dwdkUudk o½kyfruGJjcif;ç tewåudktajccHaom Ak'¨\ ur®0g'ESifh twåudktajccHaom
jAm[®PwdkU\ ur®0g'vHk;axG;a&m,Sufvsufaejcif;ç ewfjynf i&Jjynf toHcsif; trnfcsif;wl½kHrQjzifh
teufoabm tESpfom& rnfodkU uGJjym;onfudk EdIufeJjcif;r½SdbJ 2-ckvHk;udk wef;wlnDwlxm;um
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csufwdkUwGif tusHK;0ifí ygvmorQaom xdktqdkrsm;udk 0depä,q&mawmfrsm;u qdkif&mqdkif&m ajz½Sif;vsuf
qHk;jzwfcsuf csay;awmfrlMuonf/
49/ a0'usrf;vm ur®0g'udk tenf;i,f xkwfjyOD;tHh? a0'a½SUydkif;ü ewfwdkUudk
3/ qG&favmu 5-bHk
(1) ra[E´&bHk
(2) r[&f; (jA[®mBuD;\ om;orD;rsm;ae&m)
(3) Zeavmu (qewf? qmeE´? qewfukrm&wdkU ae&m)
(4) wy&favmu (a0&m*Dewfrsm;\ ae&m)
(5) qwsavmu (0g) jA[®avmu (jA[®mBuD;\ ae&m)
þbHka&mufvQif b0ukefNyD[k qdkvdkonf/
a0'EÅESifh ocsFm0g'tvdk avmu 8-rsdK; (0g) bHk 8-bHk? (txufatmufa&mvsuf)-
(1) jA[®avmu (txufwef; ewfwdkU\ ae&mbHk)
(2) ydw&davmu (bdk;bGm;rsm;? &aohrsm;? yZmywdrsm;ae&m)
(3) aomravmu (vESifh tjcm;û*d[frsm;ae&m)
(4) £a`E´avmu (atmufwef; ewfwdkUae&m)
(½lyg½Hk)ç ted'óe oyÜ#dC½kyf (½lyg½HlrS wyg; MoVm&du½kyf 11)ç ted'óe tyÜ#dC½kyf (okckr½kyf-16)
[lí oHk;rsKd;wnf;/
69/ wpfzef um,*wmowdokwfudk udk;um;í qH tp½dSaom ½kyfwdkUudk xkwfjy\? ,if;odkU
txuf½kyfoHk;rsKd;ESifh qH tp&dSaom ½kyfwdkUudk rDSí wynfhawmfwdkUonf Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;awmfrlaom
½kyfw&m;ESifhtnD q|rl jrefrmjyef yd#uwfawmft&om udk;uG,folrsm; jzpfygonf [k qdkaomaMumifh
pk'dwuwdkUonf ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; txl;oHk;oyfaezG,fyif rvdkay/
70/ þuJhodkU oufaocH pmtkyfpmwrf; wdwfacGwdkUESifhwuG 0dedpä,½Hk;awmfü
xGufqdkcsufrsm;t& pk'dwuwdkUonf bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;onf?
xdkbmomrJh½kyf0g'udk tajccHNyD; pk'dwuwdkU ajymorQ a[morQ a&;orQ tm;vHk;onfvnf; ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifaomaMumifh "r®0de,ESifh ravsmfaom t"r®0g'rsm;jzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGUtrSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; 0dedpä,csrSwfawmfrlMuonf/
]]tóa'¨g tóa'¨[d o'¨ð oHoaE´EÅd oarEÅd}} ponfjzifh o'¨gw&m; r½dSolonf o'¨gw&m; r½dSolESifh
oabmcsif; ESD;EG,fpyf[yfonf? t½SuftaMumuf r½dSaom olonf t&SuftaMumuf r½dSaom olESifh
oabmcsif; ESD;EG,fpyf[yfonf? ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh ynm½dSESifh ynmrJhaomol pyf[yfí r&? ysif;&daom
olonf ZGJaumif;aom vHkUv½dSaom olESifh rwJh [laom teuft"dyÜm,frsKd;udk to'¨oH oE´eokwf
ponfwdkUu jyqdkayonf/
10/ ocifjrwfqdkifonf þokwfwdkUudk azmfjyí "mwfenf;tm;jzifh vlaovljzpfudk
½Sif;vif;jyrnf[k cefUcefUBuD;qdk\/ odkUaomf txufwGif ½Sif;jycJhonfhtwdkif; okwfawmfwdkU\
teufoGm;um; wjcm;? ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU &nfñTef;aom teufum; wjcm; jzpfí aeonfudkom
awGU&ayonf/
tm,weenf;jzifh ½Sif;vif;rnf [lí oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmf? Oy&dyPÖmo
r[moVm,weokwfç ukv’Lyrokwf ponfwdkUudk udk;um;jyef\? odkU&mwGif r[moVm,weokwfawmfu
tm,weajcmufyg;udk aocsmpGm em;rvnfvQif owå0gonf pJGvrf;wyfrufwwf\? pJGvrf;wyfrufaom
oltm; Oyg'geu©E¨mwdkUonf yGm;pD;jcif;odkU a&mufukef\? udk,fpdwfwdkU\ ylyefjcif;ç twGif;u
ylavmifjcif;ç udavom yltdkufjcif;wdkUonf wdk;yGm;ukef\? xdkowå0gonf 'ku©a0'emudk cHpm;&\?
þteuft"dyÜm,frsKd;udkom a[mxm;ayonf/
oHk;q,fhwpfbHkwGif rnfonfh owå0grqdk tm,weajcmufyg;udk aocsmpGm
oabmraygufao;ygu Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; yGm;pD;aernfom? ylyefjcif; ponfwdkU wdk;yGm;aernfom?
'ku©a0'emudk cHpm;&rnfom jzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf? xdkUaMumifh pOf;pm;wwfaom oltzdkU okwf\
t"dyÜm,fudk tenf;i,f oHk;oyf½HkrQjzifh vlaovljzpfESifh roufqdkifaMumif; awGU&rnf jzpf\/
&m*½dSaeaom olonf &m*udk taMumif;ûyí taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm ukodkvf tukodkvf
vkyfaeayrnf? tukodkvf vkyfvQif ur®ed,mroabmtwdkif; tukodkvfuH\ tusKd;udk cHpm;&m
tyg,fav;bHkodkU a&mufrnf? þteuft"dyÜm,frsKd;udkom xGufonf? ukodkvf ûyrdvQifvnf; tvm;wlyif
ok*wdbHkodkU a&mufrnf/
11/ wpfzef ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf tw¬d&m*okwfudk udk;um; azmfjyjyef\? xdkokwf\ rl&if;
t"dyÜm,frSefudk pdppfMunfhjyefaomtcg þodkU awGU&ay\? ]]&[ef;wdkU uAVDum& tm[m&[k qdkpyfaom
pm;zG,faomufzG,fü ESpfoufwwfç cHkrifwwfç pJGvrf;wwfaom wPSm½dSvQif xdkawblru0#fü
0dnmPfonf wnfwHhBuD;yGm;vmwwfonf? 0dnmPf wnfwHhBuD;yGm;&m awblru0#fü emrf ½kyf
oufa&mufavawmhonf? emrfç ½kyf oufa&muf&m awblru0#fü ocFg&w&m;wdkU yGm;pD;Muonf?
ocFg&w&m;wdkU yGm;pD;&m awblru0#fü wpfzefb0opf jzpf&wwfonf? wpfzef
b0opfjzpfay:vmonf½dSaomf y#doE¨aejcif;ç tdkjcif; aojcif;onf jzpfavawmh\/ y#doaE¨aejcif;
tdkjcif; aojcif;½dSaom oabmw&m;udk pdk;&drfjcif; ylavmifjcif; jyif;pGm yifyef;jcif;ESifhwuG jzpf\[k ig
wPSmç Oyg'gefonf ½dSjrJ ½dS\[k igqdk\? Oyrm rD;onf avmifpmr½dSaomf avudk yifhpJGvsuf
wnfouJhodkU wPSmonf avudkyif rDSvsuf jzpf\ [k rdefUawmfrl\? (oVm,weoH,kwf-
ukwl[vomvmokwf 554)yg bk&m;}}[k ocifjrwfqdkifu qdkavonf/
q&mawmfwdkUonf i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0rS pí ,aeU touf (60) ausmfumvtxd
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q&mawmfBuD;rsm;xHüvnf; pmayy&d,wf qnf;yl;cJhMu\? odkUpOfavmuf ESpfaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm
yd#uwfusrf;pmrsm;udk oiftHavhusuf csydkUusifhMuHvmMuygaomfvnf; wpfcgzl;rQ ]]wPSmonf avudk
rDSonf}}[k rawGUzl; rMum;zl;cJhay? q&mawmfwdkUudk,fwdkif oH,kwfygVdawmfvm ukwl[vomvmokwfudk
tBudrfBudrf Munfh½IoHk;oyfMuaomtcgrSmvnf; wPSmonf avudk rSDonf[k rawGUMu&acs/
odkUjzpfí xdkodkU q|rlygVdawmfudkomru bmomjyefudkyg jyefvnf zwf½IoHk;oyfaomtcg
xdkokwfü trSefygaom pum;rsm;udk þodkUawGU&ay\?
]]0pä . . . þudk,fudk ypfcsí owå0gonf wyg;aom udk,fodkUvnf;
ruyfa&mufaomtcgü xdkowå0gonf wPSm[laom pJGvrf;rI ½dS\[k igqdk\? 0pä. . .rSef\?
xdktcgü wPSmonf xdkowå0g\ pJGvrf;rI jzpf\[k rdefUawmfrl\}} þodkUom yg½dSayonf/
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y,fxm;aom olrsKd;onf rnfonfhtukodkvfudkrQ aMumufrnf r[kwfaywum;/
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qdkum r[m&m[kavm0g'okwfudk udk;í acsyjyefonf/
]]&m[kvm. . . tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom Murf;wrf;aom Murf;wrf;jcif;odkU a&mufaom
tMuif tvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEé uHw&m;onf Oyg'dEé ½kyfw&m;udk tusKd;ûy\}} þodkU qdkxm;\/
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Murf;wrf;jcif;odkUa&mufaom tMuif tvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEérnfaom uHw&m;onf tusKd;\tjzpfjzifh
,ltyfaom ½kyfw&m;onf ½dS\? þOyg'dEé ½kyfw&m;onf tb,fenf;? qHyifç arG;nif; ponfwnf;?
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tZöswåudk,fudk pJGíjzpfaom Oyg'dEéuH\ tusKd;jzpfaom ½kyfw&m; (0g) ur®Z½kyfw&m;[k
t"dyÜm,fxGufonf? ocifjrwfqdkifum; y"metm;jzifh uHudk t&aumuf\? q|bmomjyefu ur®Z½kyfudk
ajymí ae\? rnfrQ uGmjcm;aeonfudk owdûyMu&m\? þokwf ESpfokwfjzifh ocifjrwfqdkif qdkvdkonfrSm
Oyg'gefESifh uHw&m;onf wJGíjzpfaeonf? þrQom qdkvdk\/
oHa,m*okwfESifh vlaovljzpf
26/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u or®m'd|dokwoetzJGUcsKyf\ opöm"r®pmapmif twJG1? trSwf
(1)ü awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|u Oyg'gef rjywfao;wJhvl aovQif vlyJjzpfr,fvdkU oHa,m*okwfü
bk&m;a[maMumif; azmfjyxm;csufonf trSefwu,f ½dSaeaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmf
oHa,m*okwfESifhvnf;aumif; tjcm; bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; qefUusifvsuf½dSaMumif;
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tmabmftwdkif;yif a,musfm; rdef;rwdkUonf Oyg'gefaMumifh aoaomtcg rlv vlUb0üyif jyefjzpfaMumif;
acsy avQmufxm;cJhayonf/
vlao vljzpf rjzpf(0g) vlaovQif vlomjzpf rjzpf[laom tcsufESifh ywfoufí apm'u
pk'dwuESpfbuf vkí ajymaeMuaom t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf owåuedygwf oHa,m*okwfudk Munfh&mwGif
þodkUawGU&ayonf/
]]£w¬d bdu©a0 tZÑwåH £wd`E´d,H reodua&mwd £w¬dukwåH £w¬muyÜH/ y/ {0H acg
bdu©a0 £w¬d £w¬wHå emwd0wåwd? (tH/ 2? 440/)
(tH-owåuedygwf oHa,m*okwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU. . .trowå0gonf rdrdoEÅmefü jzpfaom trowå0gwdkU\ £a`E´ç tûytrl/ y/
toGiftjyifç trowå0gwdkU\ rmefç tvdkç toHç tqifwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\? olronf xdkckESpfrsKd;wdkUü
wyfruf\? tvGefarGUavsmf\/ xdkolronf xdkckESpfrsKd;wdkUü wyfrufonf jzpfí arGUavsmfonf jzpfí
xdkolronf tjyifyü zdkowå0g\ £a`E´/ y/ tqifwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\/ xdkckESpfrsKd;aom zdkowå0g\
£a`E´ponfwdkUü wyfruf\/ tvGefarGUavsmf\? xdkolronf xdkckESpfrsKd;aom yk&doda`E´ ponfwdkUü
wyfrufonfjzpfí tvGef arGUavsmfonfjzpfí tjyiftyü aygif;azmf,SOfwJGjcif;udk tvdk½dS\? aygif;azmf
,SOfwJGjcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom okca0'em aomreóa0'emwdkUudkvnf; tvdk½dS\/
&[ef;wdkU. . . trowå0g\ tjzpfü tvGef arGUavsmfaom owå0gonf tzdkowå0gwdkUü
aygif;azmf,SOfwJGjcif;odkU a&muf\? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif trowå0gonf trowå0g\ tjzpfudk
rvGefajrmufEdkif/
zdkowå0gtwGufvnf; þtwlyif a[mawmfrlygonf? xdkUjyif trowå0gonf trowå0gtqifhrS
vGefajrmufí tzdkjzpfvmyHk tzdkowå0gonf tzdkowå0gtjzpfrS vGefajrmufí tr jzpfvmyHkudkvnf;
ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/
þokwfü ouúm,'d|dESifh b0wPSmudk tajccHNyD; tzdktr jzpfwwfyHk tMurf;pm;udk a'oemtpOf
a&mufonftm;avsmfpGm a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
vlaovljzpf uGif;qufrsm;
36/ ,cktcgwGif apm'em\ txnfudk,fjzpfaom vlaovljzpf0g'udk wnfaqmuf&mü
OD;Ouú| toHk;ûyoGm;aom tkwfcsyfrsm;udk pm&if;wifvdkufaomf ½kyf0g'udk tkwfjrpfcHí-
(1) uHudk y,fjcif;ç
(2) 31-bHkwnf;[laom tusKd;w&m; cH.pH&mXmeudk ypfy,fjcif;ç
(3) bmom omoemudk y,fjcif;ç
(4) twdwftem*wfudk y,fjcif;ç (ypöKyÜefwpfb0 oE´d|du[kqdkjcif;)
(5) ½kyf0g'wdkUyif t&d,mvrf;pOfûyvkyfjcif;ç
(6) pdwfûyjyifrIudk y,fjcif;ç
(7) Ak'¨"r®? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI tm;vHk;udk y,fjcif;ç
(8) ½kyfom t½dS emrfudk tjzpfrQom xm;jcif;ç ({upöoówrdpäm0g')
(9) tbd"r®myd#uudk vdkovdk zsufjcif;ç pGufjcif;ç tjcm;0denf; okwåefyd#uudkzsufqD;jcif;ç
(10) y#doaE¨aecef;udk rdrdpdwful;jzifh xifovdk jyifqifjcif; paom
tkwfcsyfwdkUudk toHk;ûyxm;aMumif; awGU&ayonf/
xdkvlaovljzpf ,Zfyv’if\ tkwfcsyfrsm;ozG,fjzpfaom uHuH\tusKd;udk y,fjcif;paom
tcsufwdkUudk a½SUvmrnfh apm'em&yfwdkUü rusOf;rus,f a0zefpdppfjyoGm;rnf jzpfayonf? ,ckapm'emürl
cdkifjrJrcdkifjrJ odomap&ef vlaovljzpf yv’iftkwfcsyfrsm;udk tenf;i,fpD pdppf oHk;oyftyfayonf/
uHy,frI
txufyg tkwfcsyfrsm;udk wpfckpD pdppfMunfhvdkufaomtcg owå0gwdkUonf uHtm;avsmfpGm 31-bHk
avsmf&mb0ü jzpfMu&í uHudk ry,fvQif vlaovljzpfudk wnfaqmufí r&Edkif? xdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|onf
uHudk ypfy,fvdkufonf? wpfzef uH\ tusKd;quftjzpfjzifh oGm;a&muf cH-pH&rnfh bHkXmersm;udk ,HkMunfrI
½dSaeao;vQifvnf; vlaoNyD;aemuf vljyefjzpfjcif;udk ,HkMunfzdkU&ef rjzpfEdkifay? xdkUaMumifh 31-
bkHwnf;[laom uH\ tusKd;jzpf&mXmeudkvnf; OD;Ouú| y,fvdkufjyefonf? ,if;aemuf
bmomomoemw&m;[lorQonf usifh0wfw&m;udk tOD;xm;um ,Ofaus;rI tzHkzHkjyí qHk;rMu&m bmom
omoem½dSaevQif yxrtkwfcsyfjzpfaom uHudk y,fjcif;udpö rNyD;ajrmufEdkif&m? xdkUaMumifh bmom
omoemudkvnf; y,fvdkufjyefonf? uHudk y,fcJhonf jzpfí uHudk a0yHkcsxm;&m tcsdeftydkif;tjcm;
wnf;[laom twdwf-tem*wfudkvnf; y,f&rnfjzpfí y,fjyefonf? OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk
vufrvGwfao;onfhtaejzifh ouFef;ta&ûcHxm;onf jzpfí Ak'¨vrf;pOfjzpfaom t&d,mvrf;pOfudk
rsufuG,frûyomaomaMumifh ½kyf0g'udk t&d,mvrf;pOftjzpf ûyvkyfjyefonf/
oE´d|du pdppfcsuf
40/ ,ckqufvufí oE´d|duESifh pyfvsOf;aom OD;Ouú|\ pum;wdkUudk pOf;pm;MuukeftHh ]]t,H
"ar®m oE´d|daum-ig a[maom þw&m;onf ,ckypöu© rsufarSmufb0ESifhom qdkif\[lí
tBudrfBudrfa[mcJhaom a'oemudk axmufxm;jciftm;jzifh Ak'¨\ ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh
acgif;tMum;wGifom usufpm;aMumif;udk tjywftowf rSwf,ltyf\? vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ [dkrSmbufü
½dSonf[k vufñdI;xdk;um ñTefjytyfaom raem'Gg&wdkufxGuf tEkrmersm;udk wdkufzsuf ypf&ef
vdktyfonf}}[k OD;Ouú|u qdkcJh\? þpum;&yfwGif ]]t,H "ar®m oE´d|daum- ig a[mtyfaom
þw&m;onf ,ckypöu©rsufarSmuf b0ESifhom qdkif\}}[k teuf t"dyÜm,fxGufaom pum;rsdK;udk
yd#uwfawmf\ rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;rSmrS rawGU&? Ak'¨jrwfpGmu þuJhodkU rnfonfhtcgrS ra[m?
jrwfpGmbk&m;ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfí a&;jcif;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; pGyfpJGjcif;om jzpfayonf?
bk&m;a[m oE´d|du trSefudk odomap&ef ]]oE´d|daum}}[lí a[mawmfrlonfh ae&mrsm;pGm teufrS
ygVdawmftcsKdUudk xkwfjy½Sif;vif;OD;tHh/
jrefrmtusOf;
rdwfaqGaumif;ESifh jynfhpHkrIudk taMumif;ûyí enf;rSefvrf;rSeftm;xkwfrdaom owå0gonf
0dZÆmÓPf t&[wåzdkvf tbdnmOf þw&m;tm;vHk;udk &Edkifayonf/
vlUbHk vlUb0ü jynfhpHkaom pnf;pdrfOpömrsdK;udkvnf;aumif;? ewfjynfü½Sdaom jynfhpHkrI
aysmf½Tifcsrf;ajrhrI trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;aumif;? edAÁmefcsrf;omudkvnf;aumif;? xdkowå0gonf
þtusdK;tm;vHk;udk &½SdEdkifayonf[k ck'´uygX? ed"du@okwfü Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlonf/
vlaoNyD; vljzpfonfum; tvGefenf;í vlUxuftqifhedrfh owå0gom tjzpfrsm;aMumif; trSm;udk
ñTefjywwfaom rrSefonfudkûyí tm;ay;wdkufwGef;wwfaom rdwfaqGwkudk rSDcdk q&mwkESifhaygif;rd
enf;rSm;vrf;rSm;udk ûyvkyfrdaom olrsm;tzdkU rdrdpdwfxifwdkif; jzpfvdkonfhb0 jzpfcsifonfhtjzpf
taersdK;rjzpfrlí z½dkz&JûyduGJysufpD;vsuf usjcif;udk tjcm;ygVdawmfrsm;pGmü 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm
txyfxyf a[mñTefawmfrlcJhonf/
,if;odkU tqifhedrfh bHkb0wdkUü rnfa½GUrnfrQ rsm;pGmjzpfyHkudk pHxdk;jyawmfrlvdkojzifh ajrrIefUudk
vufonf;ay: wifawmfrlum urÇmajrBuD;onf þvufonf;ay:u ajrrIefUxuf tqaygif;
ra&rwGufEdkifatmif BuD;rm;bd ouJhodkU xdktqifhedrfh bHkb0wdkUü jzpfjcif;onf vlUbHk0,f
vljyefjzpf&jcif;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm ydkrdkrsm;jym;onf[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlavonf/
txufyg oHk;oyfcsufrSm vlwdkU\pdwfç vlwdkU\ um,uH 0pDuH raemuH wdkUudk tajccHí
ur®ed,mr "r®ed,mr obm0usus ecoDcokwfw&m;awmfudk a0zefazmfjyvdkufjcif; jzpf\/ þbk&m;a[m
ygVdawmf ecoDcokwf a'oemawmfESifh OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpfudk ,SOfMunfhvdkufaomtcg ]]rdk;ESifhajrBuD;
vif;uGif;wD;í reD;onfhES,f}}[laompum;uJhodkU bk&m;pum;ESifh OD;Ouú|pum;onf tuGmBuD;
uGmaeaMumif; awGU&ayonf/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'onf "r®rppf
t"r®omjzpfaMumif; trSwf(2) oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUu oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
qGJcsdwfvsufaejcif;wnf;/
,if; umrkyg'gefonf &[EÅm rjzpfao;orQ tem*grf wdkifatmif vufvSrf;rDvsuf ½Sdonf/
tem*grfyk*¾dKvfrsm;ü umr&m*[lí r½Sdaomfvnf; b0&m* ½ly&m* t½ly&m* trnfwGifaom
umrkyg'gefum; ½Sdaeao;onf/ ,if;umrkyg'gef ½Sdaeao;orQ b0taESmif tzGJUrS rvGwfao;?
aoNyD;aemuf vlUbHk vlUb0ü rnfonfhtcgrQ jyefí rjzpfawmhacs? jA[®mYjynfü y#doaE¨aernf
pif;pif;wnf;/
om"uum; -
]]uwarm p yk*¾avm tem*grD? £a"uapöm yk*¾avm yÍöEéH Mo&rÇm*d,meH oHa,mZemeH
y&du©,m Moyygwdaum a[mwd ww¬ y&dedAÁm,D tem0w¬d"ar®m wo®m avmum? t,H 0kpöwd
yk*¾avm tem*grD/ (tbd? 4? 119/)
jrefrmtusOf;
tem*grf yk*¾dKvf[lonf tb,fodkU oabm½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfenf;? þavmuü tcsdKUaom yk*¾dKvfonf
Mo&rÇm*d,oHa&mZOfig;yg; ukefjcif;aMumifh jA[®mhjynfü Oyywfy#doaE¨aeum xdkjA[®mhjynfrS
rjyefvnfawmhbJ y&dedAÁmef pHawmhrnfholwnf;? þyk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk tem*grf[k ac:qdktyf\/
(yk*¾vynwfygVdawmf? 119-ponf)
&Sif;vif;csuf
Mo&rÇm*d,oHa,mZOf ig;yg;wGif tygt0ifjzpfaom umr&m* oHa,mZOfudk y,fNyD;aomaMumifh
xdkyk*¾dKvfonf vlUjynfü y#doaE¨aemufxyfraebJ jA[®mhjynfodkUuyfa&mufí y#doaE¨aeonf/ xdkUaMumifh
udk,fh½kyf udk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpGJwJh twå0g'kyg'gefç ½kyf emrft½Sdudk pGJwJh twå0g'kyg'gef[laom
OD;Ouú|\ pum;onf umrk'yg'gef\ oabmo½kyfudkyg twå0g'kyg'gef[k qdkrdacsaomaMumifh y&rw¬
cGifrus? teuf"dyÜm,f rjywfom;? rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfvsuf ½Sdonf/
56/ wpfqifhwufí vl[mvlyJjzpfw,fqdkaom pum;udk qdkjyef\/ þtqdk\ trSm;udk
a½SUem;u qdkcJhNyD;aom ecoDcokwfjzifhyif ½Sif;vif;y,f½Sm;NyD;jzpfonf/ vlaowdkif;vlrjzpf?
tvGef½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; taMumif;nDEdkifrS vlUbHkodkU jyefí jzpfonf/ odkUygvsuf vlaovljzpf[k qdkjcif;onf
Ak'¨a'oemawmf t&yf&yfESifh qefUusifaom tvGefvGJrSm;aom tqdkjzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmftrSwf(2) oD;jcm;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
jrefrmjyef
(u) aumif;aom b0[laom *wdorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;cH&vQif raumif;rI[laom
tukodkvfuHwdkUonf raumif;usdK; ray;Edkifukef/
(c) acsmarm vSywifhw,fjcif;ç ½kyfqif;Mueftif vu©PmjynfhpHk wifhw,fjcif; [laom
OywdorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;cH&vQif . . . . .
(*) acwfaumif; tcgaumif;[laom umvorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif; cH&vQif . . . .
(C) ypöu©b0ü avmavmq,ftm;jzifh aumif;&mvkyfç aumif;&majymç aumif;&mawG;jcif;
[laom ya,m*orÜwåd\ tumtuG,f ay;jcif;cH&vQif raumif;rI tukodkvfuHwdkUonf
raumif;usdK; ray;Edkifukef/
xdkenf;twdkif; -
*wd0dywåð tm*r®ç Oy"d0dywåð tm*r®ç umv0dywåð tm*r®ç ya,m*0dywåð tm*r® raumif;aom
jzpf&mbHkXme b0wdkUESifh awGUêuHvQif t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wef t*FgajcvufrpHk acgif;ao;udk,fBuD;
udk,fao;acgif;BuD; ykvGef; ½SnfvGef; ponfjzifh nHhzsif;vGef;vQif/ y/ rdk;rrSef avrrSef &moDysuf Owkysuf
acwfqdk; acwfysufpaom umv0dywådESifh awGUêuHae&vQif/ y/ tûyrSm; tajymrSm; nHhzsif;aom
pdwfaepdwfxm; rSm;,Gif;aom raemuHpaom ya,mu0dywådESifh awGUêuHae&vQif tukodkvfuHwdkUonf
xdxdcdkufcdkuf tusdK;ay;ukef\ [lí ygVdawmfü qufvufí a[mawmfrlonf/
60/ þygVdawmf ESpf&yfudk aumufcsufcs qifjcifvQif tukodkvfuHonf avsmfaom tjcHt&H
taMumif;udk&aomtcg raumif;usdK;ay;\/ qefUusifbuf taMumif;ESifhawGUaomtcg tusdK;ray;ay?
tukodkvfuHtm; tusdK;ay;zdkU&ef avsmfuef oifhjrwfpGm ulnDaxmufyHhwwfaom
,if;tjcHt&HtaMumif;onf Oyw¬rÇuuH½SdaMumif; oufaoom"uyif jzpf\/ tukodkvf
tusdK;ray;Edkifatmif qefUusifESdyfpufaom uHonf OyyDVuuH rnf\/
ukodkvfuH bufüvnf; xdkenf;twdkif; xdk0dbif;ygVdawmfüyif jynfhpHkpGm a[mxm;awmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm aumif;aom ukodkvfuHonf umvorÜwåd *wdorÜwåd ya,m*orÜwåd Oy"dorÜwåd[laom
oifhavsmfaumif;jrwfaom tjcHt&HtaMumif;udk&vQif tusdK;ay;í xdkuJhodkUoifhavsmf aumif;jrwfaom
tjcHt&HtaMumif;rsdK;udk r&cJhvQif aumif;usdK;ray;ay/ þygVdawmfüvmaom ukodkvfuHtm;
tusdK;ay;zdkU&ef taxmuftulûywwfaom oifhavsmfaumif;jrwfaom tjcHt&HtaMumif;aMumif;onf
Oyw¬rÇuuHrnf\? taESmuft,Suf qefUusifbuf ûywwfaom taMumif;udk OyyDVuuH[k ac:\/
61/ OyCmwuuH [lonfum; owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,muf tm;xkwfûyvkyfcJhNyD;aom
ukodkvfuHudkjzpfapç tukodkvfuHudkjzpfap tusdK;ray;Edkifavmufatmif tpGrf;ukefvufpowf
uyfíjzwfwwfaom uHrsdK;wnf;/ t*Fkvdrmv rax&ftavmif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh rawGU&rD
awmykef;cdk;olBuD;tjzpfjzifh toufaygif;rsm;pGmudk owfjzwfcJhonf/ xdkygPmwdygwuHonf
jrefrmjyef
twdwfjzpfaom ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHonf ukov0dyguf? tukov0dyguf y#doaE¨
emru©E¨mESifh ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm; ememu©Pdu ur®owådjzifh taMumif;ûyonf/ txl;xl;aom cPüjzpfaom
tukodkvfapwemonf tukov0dyguf emru©E¨mtm;vnf;aumif; (qdk;0g;½kyfnHhaomç azmufjyef
cRwf,Gif;aomç ½kyfqdk; ½kyfysufjzpfaom) ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm;vnf;aumif; ememu©Pdu ur®owådjzifh
taMumif;ûyayonf/
þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwfonf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh twdtusydkif;jcm;í
a[mawmfrltyfaom a'oem om"uaywnf;/
65/ rZÑdredum,f? Oy&dyPÖmou? plVur®0db*Fokwf? 244? 245-üvnf;
a'goAsmyg'BuD;aomolç tenf;i,frQ ajymqdk½Hkjzifh a'gocufxef trsufrmefBuD;í udk,fEIwfwdkUjzifh
xdyg;ykwfcwf owfjzwfrIudk ûyvkyfwwfaomolonf aoNyD;aemuf tyg,fi&JodkU usa&mufwwfonf/
tu,fí vlUb0a&mufvmcJhvQif jzpf&mb0ü t½kyfqdk;onf? toufwdkonf ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
trsufxGufavh½Sdjcif;ç yifyef;rIrsm;jcif;ç rESpfoufzG,f tenf;i,frQ ajymvmonf½Sdaomf
tvGefuyfNidjcif;ç azmufjyefjcif;ç a½S;½Iwnfjcif;ç a'gotrsuf rESpfoufjcif;udk xifpGmjyjcif;onf
t½kyfqdk;jcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom tusifhwnf;/ olUtoufudk owfavh½Sdjcif;ç Murf;êuwf&ufpufjcif;ç
aoG;pGef;aomvuf½Sdjcif;ç n§Of;qJowfjzwfrIü ouf0ifjcif;ç owå0gwdkUtay:ü oem;jcif;odkU
ra&mufjcif;onf toufwdkapwwfaom tusifhwnf;/ (tusOf;csHK;í jrefrmjyefqdkcsuf)
txufyg ygVdawmfrsm;u toufwdkjcif; tp½Sdaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;onf ½kyfqdk;½kyfysufu
jzpfaptyfaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;r[kwf? twdwfb0 ypöKyÜefb0wdkUü rSm;,Gif;azmufjyef rrSefaom
ûyrlvkyfaqmifcsuf wnf;[laom uHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;om rkcspifppfjzpfaMumif;
azmfjyavonf/
66/ xdkUjyif OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG aemufvdkuf wynfhom;wdkUu bk&m;a[mr[kwf? aemufrS
vkyfMuHzefwD;xm;aom uHrsm;jzpfonf[kqdkaom 'd|"r®a0'eduuH tp½Sdaom uHav;yg;wdkUudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfaMumif; tenf;i,frQ xkwfjyayOD;tHh/
]],H bdu©a0 avmuyuuH ur®H avmbZH avmbed'geH avmbork',H? ,w¬ó
twåbma0g edAÁwåwd? ww¬ wH ur®H 0dypöwd? ,w¬ wH ur®H 0dypöwd? ww¬ wó ur®ó 0dyguH
y#doHa0a'wd 'da| 0g "ar® OyyZÆ 0g tya& 0g y&d,ma,}} (tH?1?134/ 2) ponf-
(wdu t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? ed'geokwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU . . . avmbjzifh ûytyfaomç avmbonf jzpfaptyfaomç avmbvQif taMumif;½Sdaom
uHonf twåabmjzpf&mbHkXmeü tusdK;udk &ifhusufap\? tusdK;udk &ifhusufap&m xdkbHkXmeü
]*E¨AÁ}taMumif; oHk;oyfcsuf
68/ y#doaE¨aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? r[mwPSmocF,okwfü
y#doaE¨wnfaejcif;\ taMumif;oHk;yg;udk jy&mwGif-
1/ rdbavmif;ESpfOD; qHkqnf;jcif;ç
2/ rdcifavmif; OwkvmNyD;p jzpfjcif;ç
3/ y#doaE¨aernfh owå0gu a½S;½IwnfcdkufêuHjcif; [laom
taMumif; 3-csufwdkUwGif eHygwf 3-taMumif;wGif *E¨AÁo'´gjzifh a[mawmfrlxm;onf/ *E¨aAÁmwd
wêwy*oawåm [laom t|uxmESifh tnD trd0rf;wdkufodkU uyfa&mufxdkufaom pkawumeD;
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tvªcHyk*¾dKvf tvª\ tusdK;tmedoifudk csD;rGrf;ukef\? >rufqdk wrf;wukef\?
ylaZmfyoMuukef\? vlewfjA[®mtjzpf &rIudkpGJí umrwdkUudk wrf;wukef\/ xdkolwdkUonf
ylaZmfrIudk tm;xkwfMuukefaomfvnf; b0udk wyfpGef;rI ]wPSmjzifh} wyfrufukefaomaMumifh
y#doaE¨aerI tdkrIpaom 0#fqif;&Judk rvGefajrmufEdkifukef[k igqdk\}}/ (ck jref 1? 413/)
(okwåedygwf jrefrmjyef)
39/ þokwfonfvnf; b0wPSmaMumifh 0#fqif;&Judk rvGefajrmufEdkifaMumif;
a[mMum;awmfrlaom okwfjzpfayonf/ 31-bHk r½SdaMumif; þokwfü qdkxm;jcif; r½Sd½HkrQru 31-
bHk½SdaMumif;udkyif jyqdkaeayonf/ vlewfjA[®mtjzpf&vdkrIudk wrf;w>rufqdkí ylaZmftm;xkwfjcif;
b0wPSmaMumifh 0#fqif;&Judk rvGwfajrmufEdkif[k a[mxm;jcif;jzpf&m 31-bHk bk&m;a[mr½Sd[k
acsyvdkaom ocifjrwfqdkifonf 31-bHk bk&m;a[m½SdaeaMumif; om"uokwfrsm;udk xkwfazmfjyovsuf
½Sdaeayonf/
'd|d*wokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
42/ 'orajrmufacsycsuf taejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu £wd0kwf? 'd|d*wokwfwGif yg½Sdaom
]]b0ESpfoufoltm;vHk; b0csKyf&ma[mvQif wGefUqkwf\? b0rêudufoluvnf; b0jywfjcif;udk tvdk½Sd\?
aovQifNyD;\[k xif\? pifppfaomfum; cE¨mig;yg;ü pGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) uif;atmif usifholtm;
rZÑdry#dy'gtusifhjzifh b0csKyf&m\}}[laom om"uudk xkwfí 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcHbufrS
ckcHumuG,fjyefavonf/
43/ pk'dwu udk;um;wifjyaom okwfonfvnf; b0r½SdyHkudk rjyqdk? b0½SdaeyHkudkom
jyqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ wifjycsufonf rl&if;ygVdawmfESif rnD½HkrQru t"dyÜg,fvnf; jynfhpHkrI r½Sdacs?
rl&if;ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
]]&[ef;wdkU ESpfyg;aom 'd|dt,lwdkUjzifh ESdyfpufcH&aom ewfvl tcsdKUwdkUonf
wGefUwdkqkwfepfukef\? tcsdKUwdkUonfum; vGefíajy;oGm;ukef\? pu©Ktjrif½SdolwdkUonfum;
rZÑdry#dy'gjzifh rsufarSmufûyEdkifukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf wGefUwdkqkwfepfukefoenf;/ &[ef;wdkU
ewfvlwdkUonf b0vQif arGUavsmf&m½Sdukef\? b0ü arGUavsmfwwfukef\? b0ü
ESpfoufwwfukef\? xdkolwdkUtm; b0csKyf&eftwGuf w&m;a[majymonf½Sdaomf pdwfonf
rouf0if? rMunfvif? aumif;pGmrwnf? ESvHk;roGif;? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf
wGefUwdkqkwfepfukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf vGefí ajy;oGm;ukefoenf;/ tcsdKUolwdkUonf
b0jzifhyifNiD;aiGUukef b0rS ½SufEdk;ukef b0üpufqkyfukefonfjzpfí b0uif;jywfjcif;udk
ESpfoufukef\/ tcsif;wdkU tusifhaMumifh þtwåonf cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í aoonfrSaemufü
jywf\? ysufpD;\? aoonfrSaemuf rjzpfawmh? þw&m;onf Nidrf;\? þw&m;onf jywf\?
þw&m;onf razmufrjyef rSefuefaom oabm ½Sd\? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf
vGefíajy;ukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif pu©Ktjrif½Sdaom olwdkUonf rZÑdry#dy'gjzifh
rsufarSmufûyEdkifukefoenf;/ þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf [kwfrSefaom cE¨mig;yg;udk
[kwfrSefaomtm;jzifh jrif\/ [kwfrSefaom cE¨mig;yg;udk [kwfrSefaomtm;jzifh jrifjcif;aMumifh
'k||uokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
45/ {um'or om"utjzpf okwåedygwf? 'k||uokwfwGif vm½Sdaom ]]rdpäm'd|dt,ludk
y,fNyD;aom &[EÅmonf b0BuD; b0i,fwdkUü MuHpnfwwfaom rdpäm'd|dt,lr½Sd? xdkUaMumifh
tb,f*wdodkYrQ oGm;&efr½SdNyD}}[laom pum;&yfudk ocifjrwfqdkifu xkwfaqmifwifjyvmjyefonf/
xdkokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
]]wpfpHkwpfckaom avmuü rdpäm'd|dt,ltm;vHk;udk cgwGufypfvTifhaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvftm;
b0BuD;i,fwdkUü trsdK;rsdK;MuHpnftyfaom rdpämt,lonfr½Sd? wPSm'd|dudk rrSDaom
xdkrdpämt,ltm;vHk;udk cgwGufypfvTifhNyD;aom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf vSnfhywfrI ]]rm,m}
udkvnf;aumif;? axmifvTm;rI ]]rme}udkvnf;aumif; y,fpGefUNyD;í tb,fvm;&m*wdjzifh
oGm;&mtHhenf;/}} (ck jref?1? 397/)
(okwåedygwf? 'k||uokwf jrefrmjyef)
46/ þ'k||uokwf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm &[EÅmyk*¾dKvftm; vm;&m*wdr½Sd[kyif jzpfayonf/
Aswd&dwf (tjyeftvSef) tm;jzifh &[EÅmr[kwfao;aom ykxkZOf atmufzv|mefyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
vm;&m*wd½Sdao;onf[k jyqdk\? 31-bHkr½Sd[k rjyqdkay/
*k[|uokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
47/ 'Gg'or om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu okwåedygwf? *k[|uokwfawmfvm
]]wPSmt&if;cH wPSmtaMumif;t&if;jzpfaom b0ü om,mrIjzifh b0wPSm tcsnftaESmifcH&ol
owå0gwdkUonf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefb0wdkU\ umrudk vdkvm;awmifhwukefvsuf
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkifvnf; rvGwfvyf? tjcm;olwdkUudkvnf; rvGwfajrmufapEdkifacs}}[laom pum;udk
xkwfaqmif avQmufxm;avonf/
apawmcdvokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
49/ aw&or om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu apawmcdvokwfudk tudk;ûyíwifjyxm;onf/
]]þtusifh þoDvjzifh ewftrsdK;rsdK;aomfvnf;aumif;? ewfrif;aomfvnf;aumif; jzpf&awmhtHhrnf [lí
ESvHk;oGif;jcif; xdkewfjzpf&awmhtHh[k ewfpGJbHkb0jzifh usifhaomf þomoemawmfonf
pnfyifjyefUajymjcif;iSm rjzpfNyD}}[k wifjyNyD; þonfrSm omoemawmf arS;rSdefrnf[k qdkvdkygonfbk&m;[k
avQmufxm;oGm;avonf/
50/ apawmcdvokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyefrSm ocifjrwfqdkifwifjy ouJhodkU r[kwfay? xdkUaMumifh
tjynfhtpHkudk azmfjytyfayonf/
]]&[ef;wdkU þtusifhoDvjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þusifh0wfjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;?
þtm;xkwfrIjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þarxkefrS a½SmifMuOfrIjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; igonf
ewfaomfvnf; jzpf&tHhç ewfrsdK;wGif tygt0ifaomfvnf; jzpf&tHh[k ewftrsdK;tpm; wpfyg;yg;udk
awmifhwí jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhaom&[ef;\ pdwfonf pí tm;xkwfjcif;
tBudrfBudrftm;xkwfjcif; rjywftm;xkwfjcif; vGefpGmtm;xkwfjcif;iSm rñGwfay? þodkUjzpfjcif;onf
xdk&[ef;rjzwf&ao;aom ig;ckajrmufaom pdwf\taESmiftzGJU jzpf\}} (r jref 1? 151/)
(rlvyPÖmo? apawmcdvokwf jrefrmjyef)
51/ þapawmcdvokwfonf ewftrsdK;udk awmifhwí usifhaom &[ef;\
pdwftaESmiftzGJUjzpfaeyHk jyqdkaomokwfjzpfonf/ 31-bHk bk&m;y,faMumif; vHk;0rygay? ewftrsdK;tpm;
wpfyg;yg;udk azmfjyyg½Sdaom okwfawmfudk tudk;tum;om"u ûyrdaomtm;jzifh 31-bHk bk&m;ry,faMumif;
31-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkyif pk'dwuwdkUtzdkU oG,f0dkufí 0efcH&m a&mufaeayonf/
arxkeokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
52/ pk'´or om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu owåuedygwf? arxkeokwfudk xkwfaqmifí
]]ewftjzpfudk om,mjcif; tvdk½Sdjcif;onf þjrwfaom omoem\ tusifhü usdK;aygufjcif;yifwnf;/
Zmwd Z&m r&PrS rvGwf? 'ku©rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif}}[k wifjyvsuf 31-bHk r½SdaMumif;
umuG,fxm;avonf? rl&if;jrefrmjyefESifhvnf; udkufnDrI r½Sdacs/
53/ arxkeokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyef t"dyÜg,f tjynfhtpHkrSm þodkUjzpfonf/
]]xdkorPjA[®Ponf xdkewf\tjzpfudk om,m\? xdkewf\ tjzpfudk tvdk½Sd\?
a'0avmuokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
55/ yEé&orajrmuf aemufqHk;om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&fwduedygwf?
a'0avmuokwf ESm 131-wGifvmaom jrefrmjyefudk udk;um;wifjyoGm;avonf/
]]wpfyg;&Sdaom t,l½Sdukefaom y&dAdkZfu oifwdkUonf &[ef;a*gwrxH0,f
ewfjynfüjzpfjcif; tusdK;iSm þjrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoavm[k ar;ukefjim;tHh? þtar;onf
½SufEdk;ukef&monf r[kwfavm? pufqkyfukef&monf r[kwfavm? &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf
ewfjzpfjcif;ü NiD;aiGUukefaomf ½SufEdk;ukefaomf pufqkyfukefaomf ewfüjzpfaom tqif;
ewfüjzpfaom csrf;omü NiD;aiGUukefaomf &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf a½S;OD;uyifvQif um, 0pD raem
'kp½dkufwdkUudkyg NiD;aiGU&m\? pufqkyf&m\? ½SufEdk;&m\}} (tif jref 1? 131/)
56/ þtudk;om"u a'0avmuokwfü t"dyÜg,fonfvnf; pk'dwu tvdk½Sdtyfaom 31-
bHkudk Ak'¨vufrcH[k xGufrvmay/ ewfb0ü awmifhwjcif; wyfrufjcif; r½SdoifhyHkudk
a[mjyawmfrlaomaMumifh pkwd'u\ tvdkESifh qefUusifbufjzpfaom ewfb0½Sdonf (ewfb0tygt0if
31-bHk ½Sdonf) [laom t"dyÜg,fodkUom oufa&mufaejcif; jzpfayonf/
57/ þtrSwf-3 apm'emü apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUu ]]OD;Ouú|ESifhaemufvdkufwdkUonf 31-bHkudk
bk&m;a[mygvsuf ra[mav[ef vkyfMuHpGyfpGJaeygonf}}[k pGJqdk wifjyjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkpGJqdkcsufudk
acsy&mwGif pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifonf ]]Ak'¨onf b0udk tm;ray;? b0udk y,fonf}}[laom acsycsufudk
vufudkifûyí 15-Budrfwdwd ckcHumuG,foGm;avonf/ þuJhodkU okwfaygif; t&mtaxmif
udk;um;aomfvnf; okwf\qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,fudk rodbJ udk;rdrSm;aomaMumifh udk,fhwGif;udk wl;&mom
a&mufaeawmh\/
58/ ocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;wifjyaom okwfawmfrsm;onf 31-bHkudk Ak'¨vufrcH[k t"dyÜg,f
r&½SdbJ 31-bHkudk wG,fwm wyfrufaevQif b0rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif[laom t"dyÜg,frsdK;om &½Sdí 31-bHk
vufjzpfygVdtrSm;
64/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u ]]awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf 31-bHkonf
wu,fr½Sd pdwful;,Of Oyg'geftpGJrQom jzpfonf[k qdkonfhtjyif bk&m;a[mr[kwfaom
(avmuork',Íötw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d) [laom vufjzpfygVdrSm vufjzpft"dyÜg,f
t,ltqtrSm;wdkUudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[efyif vdrfnmí qdkxm;Muygonf bk&m;}}[lí
pGJcsufwifxm;Muavonf/ xdkpGJcsufudk þu@ü pk'dwuwdkUbufrS wpfpHkwpf&mjyefvnf acsyjcif;
rûyMuay/
65/ ,if;ygVdudk þ½Hk;awmfodkU wifjyxm;aom oufaocHpmtkyfrsm;wGif ½SmazGMunfh½I&m
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS twGif;a&;rª;OD;udkudkav; ûypkaom ]]31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH}} trnf½Sd
pmtkyftwGif;rsufESmzHk;wGif a½SUwef;wifí atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
upöm,e . . .
avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d/
(Ak'¨a*gwr)
66/ þ 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcHpmtkyfudk or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS oabmw&m;a&;wm0efcH
em,uBuD; (tbd"r®m q&mpdef wnf;jzwfonf)[k azmfjyxm;NyD; A[dkobmywdtzGJU Ouú|BuD; OD;wifu
trSmpm ed'gef;a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/ þygVdtrSm;udk tbd"r®m q&mpdef ûypkaom
]]or®m'd|dokawoeESifh a&eHacsmif; ta&;awmfyHk}} pmtkyf? ESm 62-wGifvnf; bk&m;a[mygVd jzpfav[ef
rSm;,Gif;pGm azmfjyxm;ayonf/
xdkygVdudk teufjrefrm jyefqdk&ygvQif-
]]tdk upöm,e avmu\jzpfaMumif; wPSmonfvnf; ½Sd\/ avmu\ csKyf&m
edAÁmefonfum; r½Sd}}
þodkU t"dyÜg,fjzpfaeí q&mawmfwdkU tvGefwkefvIyfacsmufcsm;rdayonf? edum,fig;&yf
yd#uwfoHk;oG,f oH*g,em 6-wefwif usrf;pmwdkUü ydkufpdwfwdkufí ½SmazGMunfh½Iygaomfvnf;
0daooapm'em pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
67/ ,ckwzef apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ 0daooapm'emudk pDppfoHk;oyf jy&ayOD;rnf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf þtrSwf(3) apm'emESifh ywfoufí 31-bHk½SdaMumif; cdkifvHkaom
tudk;om"ursm;udk xkwfaqmifay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0daooapm'emtjzpf
bk&m;a[musrf;*efrsm;udk tcdkiftrm wifoGif;jyqdkoGm;ayonf/
,if;odkUwifoGif;&mü t*FkwådK&f{uedygwf? {u"r®ygVd? q|rl pmrsufESm 39-ESifh ,if;\ jrefrmjyef
ESm 48-udk axmufí-
(u) vlaoewfjzpfenf;yg;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;?
(c) vlaovljzpf enf;yg;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;?
"r®[',0dbif;ygVd q|rlç ESm 427-ESifh 436-udk axmufí-
(*) umr 11-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
(C) ½ly 16-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
(i) t½ly 4-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
"r®[',0dbif;ygVd q|rlç ESm 437-udk axmufí-
(p) 'ge oDv OaygoxaMumifh ewfjynfajcmufxyf a&mufEdkifyHkudk vnf;aumif;?
o|dedygwf? oHudpöZmwf ESm 60-udk axmufí-
(q) i&J½SdaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;
toD;oD; oufaoom"u wifjycJhayonf/ xdkapm'u q&mawmfwdkU wifjyudk;um;aom om"uwdkUonf
31-bHkESifhywfoufí tvGefcdkifrmaom om"ursm; jzpfMuayonf/
31-bHkpm&if;
71/ txufwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyonfh tudk;om"ursm;udk aocsmpGmzwf½IygvQif
31-bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufcHonfhtaMumif; (bk&m;a[ma'oemwGif 31-bHk xif½Sm;½SdaMumif;)udk
odomEdkifayNyD? ydkrdkíodomxif½Sm;ap&ef tenf;i,fpdppfí azmfjyaytHh? 31-bHk qdkonfrSm atmufygwdkUyif
jzpfMuayonf/
(1) i&JbHk?
(2) wd&pämefbHk?
(3) NydwåmbHk?
(4) tok&um,fbHk?
(5) vlUbHk?
(6) pmwkr[m&mZf ewfbHk?
(7) wm0wðom ewfbHk?
(8) ,mrm ewfbHk?
(9) wkodwm ewfbHk?
(10) edr®me&wd ewfbHk?
(11) y&edr®dw0o0wåd ewfbHk?
(12) jA[®yg&doZÆm jA[®mbHk?
(13) jA[®yka&m[dwm jA[®mbHk?
(14) r[mjA[®m jA[®mbHk?
(15) y&dwåmbm jA[®mbHk?
(16) tyÜrmPm jA[®mbHk?
(17) tmbó&m jA[®mbHk?
(18) y&dwåokbm jA[®mbHk?
(19) tyÜrmPokbm jA[®mbHk?
(20) okbudPSm jA[®mbHk?
(21) a0[yædKvf jA[®mbHk?
(22) tonowf jA[®mbHk?
(23) t0d[m jA[®mbHk?
(24) twyÜm jA[®mbHk?
(25) ok'óm jA[®mbHk?
(26) ok'óD jA[®mbHk?
(27) tued| jA[®mbHk?
(28) tumomeÍöm,we jA[®mbHk?
(29) 0dnmPÍöm,we jA[®mbHk?
(30) tmudÍönm,we jA[®mbHk?
(31) ae0onmemonm,we jA[®mbHk/
tqdkr½Sdacs/
77/ þwGif tvsOf;oifhí qdk&ayOD;rnf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk opömav;yg;w&m;ç tewåw&m;ç
y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; þw&m;oHk;rsdK;avmufudkom a[mMum;cJhaom bk&m;tjzpf ajyma[ma&;om; 0g'jzefUí
aeolrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkU\ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk-
(u) rjynfhpHkaom bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
(c) wpf,loef bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
(*) avmuom;tm;vHk;wdkU\ aus;Zl;½Sifr[kwf? edAÁmef&&m&aMumif; wpfckwnf;udkom
tm;xkwfol (vlenf;pk) wdkU\ aus;Zl;½Sif bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
wGef;ydkUvsuf ½Sdayonf/
þodkUûyvkyfjcif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf; tBuD;tus,f jypfrSm;&ma&mufonf?
yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;udkvnf; zsufqD;&ma&mufayonf/
78/ pd&H wd|wk o'¨ar®m [lí Ak'¨bmom0iftm;vHk; awmifhwvsuf½Sdaom o'¨r®
(olawmfaumif;w&m;)onf-
(u) avmud,o'¨¨r®=avmuDqdkif&m olawmfaumif;w&m;?
(c) avmukwå&mo'¨r®=avmurS vGwfajrmufa&;qdkif&m olawmfaumif;w&m;
[lí 2-rsdK; ½Sdayonf/
avmud,o'¨r®qdkonfrSm 'ge oDvw&m;rsm;ç jA[®pdk&fw&m;rsm;ç r*Fvm od*Fgavm0g' ponfwdkU
yg0ifayonf/ avmurS vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í a[mMum;awmfrlaom avmukwå&mo'¨r®
w&m;awmfrsm;onfvnf; xdkxdkbk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;ü tajrmuftrsm; yg½Sdayonf/ txl;ojzifh
r[mowdy|meokwfawmfonf b0rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vufawGUvrf;ñTefjyaom usifhvrf;
MuHvrf;w&m;awmfyif jzpfayonf/ owdy|mefw&m;udk bk&m;½Siftvdkawmftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfolonf
r*¾opömvrf;pOfay:odkU trSefyif a&muf½SdEdkifayonf/ þum; 31-bHkESifhywfoufí odrSwfzG,f&m
tcsufoHk;csufaywnf;/
31-bHk½SdaMumif; om"ursm;
79/ edum,fig;&yfç yd#uwfoHk;yHkwGif 31-bHkç 31-b0 ½SdaMumif; a[mxm;aom ygVdawmf
tajrmuftrsm;udk yd#uwfusrf;*ef oifMum;zl;olwdkif; awGU½SdrSwfom; EdkifMuayonf/ odom½Hk
aumufEkwfazmfjy&aomf-
£wd0kwf ygVdawmfwGif-
aw 0¹k,EÅd ed&,H? wd&pämeÍö a,meda,m?
tok&H aywåd0do,H? trkwåm rm&AE¨em/ (ck-1? 257/)
[lívnf;aumif;
aewådygVdawmfwGif-
ed&,*grD ra*¾g wd&pämea,med*grD ra*¾g aywåd0do,*grD ra*¾g tok&a,meda,m ra*¾g
o*¾*grda,m ra*¾g rEkó*grD ra*¾g/ (ck-10? 62/)
[lívnf;aumif;
a[mxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf? þ £wd0kwf ygVdawmfESifh aewådygVdawmfvm a'oemawmfrsm;t&
tyg,fav;bHk ewfjynf 6-xyf vlUbHktm;jzifh-umr 11-bHk txift½Sm;½SdaMumif; odEdkifayonf/
wpfzef t*Fkwå&ygVd? wduedygwf? ESm-213? 214? 215 wGifvnf;aumif;? 0dbif;ygVdawmf? ESm 437?
438? 439 wGifvnf;aumif; ewfjynf 6-xyfudk trnfESifhwuG oufwrf;udkyg ,SOfwGJí
a[mMum;xm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/
0dbif;ygVdawmf? ESm-439? 440? 441 wGif jA[®m 20-wdkU\ trnfudk oufwrf;ESifhwuG
a[mMum;xm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/ þygVdawmft& 31-bHk trSefyif½Sdaeonf qdkaomtcsufudk
oHo,uif;pGm vufcH,HkMunfxdkufayonf/
,rdkufygVdawmfvm 31-bHkrsm;
80/ txufazmfjyyg ygVdawmfrsm;tjyif ,rdkufygVdawmf? Moumo0g&? yk*¾avmumo
0g&rsm;üvnf; 31-bHkwdkU\trnfudk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfwvJvJ a[mxm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/
tenf;i,f xkwfazmfí jy&ygvQif-
(u) cE¨,rdkuf ygVdawmf yxrpmtkyf ESm-31? 32 wGif (tonoawå) (yÍöa0guma&)
(t½lay) [laom trnfemrwdkUudk wyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh tonowfbHk?
yÍöa0gum&bHk? t½lybHkwdkU ½SdaMumif;udk odEdkifayonf/
(c) tm,we,rdkuf? ygVdawmf? yxrtkyf? ESm 48-wGif (½lyg0pa&) (umrm0pa&)
(tonoawå) [laom trnfemrwdkUudkwyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh ½lyjA[®mbHk?
umr0p&bHk? tonowf jA[®mbHkwdkU ½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; tm,we,rdkufudk
axmufí odEdkifayonf/
(*) opö,rdkufygVdawmf? yxrtkyf? ESm-213? 215-wGif (tonoawå) (pwka0guma&)
(yÍöa0guma&) (tyga,) [laom trnfemrrsm;udk wyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh
tonowf jA[®mbHk? cE¨mav;yg; ½SdaombHk? cE¨mig;yg;½SdaombHk? tyg,fbHkwdkU
½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; opö,rdkufudkaxmufí odEdkifayonf/
(C) ocFg&,rdkuf? 'kwd,pmtkyf? ESm-7-wGif (yXrZÑmae) (½lyg0pa&) (t½lyg0pa&) [laom
trnfemrwdkYudk wyfía[mxm;aomaMumifh ½lyg0p&bHk? t½lyg0p&bHkrsm;
31-bHka&mufaMumif;w&m;rsm;
81/ 31-bHk½SdaMumif;udk jyqdkNyD;aemuf ,ckwzef 31-bHka&mufaMumif; w&m;rsm;udkvnf;
jyqdk&ayOD;rnf/ 31-bHkudk trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;MunfhvQif 'k*¾wdbHk? ok*wdbHk[lí 2-rsdK; 2-pm; uGJjym;onfudk
awGU&ayonf/ tyg,fav;bHkudk 'k*¾wdbHk[k ac:í? usefbHkrsm;udk ok*wdbHk[k ac:qdkonf/
(u) t"r®p&d,m=rw&m;usifhjcif; (tukodkvfapwem)
(c) 0dorp&d,m=rnDrrQusifhjcif; (tukodkvfapwem)
wdkUaMumifh tyg,fbHkodkU usa&mufEdkifaMumif; rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? omav,suokwfwGif
atmufygtwdkif; a[mxm;cJhayonf/
]]t"r®p&d,m0dorp&d,ma[wk acg *[ywa,m {0rda"uapö owåm um,ó ab'g
y&H r&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆEÅd}} (r? 1? 354/)
jrefrmjyef
]]ol<u,fwdkU rw&m;rI? rrQwrIudk ûyvkyfjcif; taMumif;aMumifh þavmuü tcsdKUaom
owå0gwdkUonf udk,fcE¨mysufpD;í aoonfrSaemufü csrf;omuif;aom? raumif;aom vm;&m
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\qHk;jzwfcsuf
90/ þ 31-bHkESifhywfoufí ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHw&m;rsm;udk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ayrnf/
ukodkvfuH (okp½dkufw&m;)aMumifh ok*wdb0odkUa&muf&jcif;ç tukodkvfuH ('kp½dkufw&m;)aMumifh
'k*¾wdb0odkUusa&muf&jcif; [laomtodw&m; rxm;½Sdol rSeforQ 31-bHkudk vufrcHvdkbJ
raumif;aomtMuH? raumif;aomtajym? raumif;aomtûytrlrsm; ûyvkyf&ef 0efav;Murnfr[kwfay/
owå0gwdkU\ pdwfonf ]]ygyo®ð &rwd raem}}[laom Ak'¨a'oemt& tukodkvfbufüom
arGUavsmfwwfaom oabm½Sd&um; rdpämouFyܽSdolwdkUtaejzifh uHy,f? bHky,f0g'rsm; xGef;um;cJhaomf
ukodkvfudk ypfy,fjcif;ç tukodkvfudk vufcHjcif;paom rvdkvm;tyfaom jzpf&yfwdkUonf
ay:aygufvmukef&m\/ þuJhodkU uHy,f? bHky,f0g'rsm; rxGef;um;? rjyefUyGm;ap&ef?
Ak'¨\yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk o'¨gw&m; cdkifcdkifxm;í avhvm tm;xkwf&ef tvGefta&;BuD;ayonf/
þtrSwf(3) pGJqdkcsufESifh ajz½Sif;csufwdkUudk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyfMunfh&mwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\
pGJcsufudk pk'dwuwdkUbufrS ajyvnfatmif rajz½Sif;EdkifaMumif; awGU&ayonf/ xdkUaMumifh 31-bHkudk
y,faom0g'onf oH*g,em 6-wefwif ax&0g' yd#uwfa'oemawmfESifh qefUusif½HkrQru avmu
vlom;taygif;wdkUtm;vnf; raumif;rI xGef;um;a&;udk wGef;tm;ay;aom 0g'jzpfaomaMumifh t"r®0g'
ppfppfjzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/
rvGwfMuukef\[kqdkvdkonf/
þa'oemawmfjzifh pk'dwuwdkU qdkouJhodkU ]],ckb0 tusdK;w&m;onf a½S;uH taMumif;aMumifh
r[kwf}}[laomteufudk rjy? ]]uH uH\tusdK;r½Sd}}[laom teufudkvnf; rjyacs/ ygVdawmf\
qdkvdk&if;um; wjcm;? ocifjrwfqdkif qGJ,laom t"dyÜg,fum; wjcm;aywnf;/ trSefpifppf uH-uH\
tusdK; &Sd\/ uHocFg&aMumifh Zmwdpaom tusdK;jzpf&\ [laom teufudkom jyayonf/ xdkUaMumifh
þom"ujzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJqdkvdk&if; tcsufudk ry,fzsuf racsyEdkifacs/ tudk;rSm;jcif;om
jzpfayonf/
Ak'¨0dyóem (1)ESm-146üvmaom ]]oHo&mvnfaea&;udkom tm;ay;aeaomw&m;
jzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csuftwGuf ajz½Sif;acsyonfh om"ujzpfygonf[kqdkvQifvnf; omoemy
wdw¬dwdkU\ur®0g'onf oHo&mvnfa&; tm;ay;aeaomw&m; [kwfayvdrfhrnf/ omoeduAk'¨bmom0if
wdkUonfum; r*fÓPf\taMumif; taxmuftyHh jzpf&ef&nfoefí ukodkvfuHudk ûyMuaomaMumifh
r*fÓPf\ yuwlyedó, ypönf;omjzpfí oHo&mvnfa&; tm;ray;aMumif;udk ½Sif;jycJhNyD; jzpfonf/
wdw¬d0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'udk uGJjym; jcm;em;pGm em;rvnfíaomf vnf;aumif;? Ak'¨0g'udk wdw¬d0g'jzpfatmif
zsufqD;vdkíaomf vnf;aumif; þodkU rrSefruef a&;om;ajymqdkaejcif; jzpf[ef½Sdavonf/
xdkav;rsdK;wdkUwGif-
(1) rnf;npfí rnf;npfaom tusdK;½Sdaom uH[lonf tjypf½Sdaom um,uH? 0pDuH?
raemuH[k qdktyfaom tukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(2) jzLpifí jzLpifaom tusdK;½SdaomuH[lonf tjypfr½Sdaom um,uH? 0pDuH?
raemuH[kqdktyfaom avmuDukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(3) rnf;npfjzLpifí rnf;npfjzLpifaom tusdK;½Sdaom uH[lonf tjypf½Sd r½Sd a&maESmaom
avmuD ukodkvf tukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(4) rrnf;npf rjzLpifí rrnf;npf rjzLpifaom tusdK;½Sdonfh tjcm;uHudk ukefapwwfaom
uH[lonf avmukwå&mukodkvf[k qdktyfaom r*fapwemjzpfonf/
xdkjyqdktyfNyD;aom uHav;rsdK;wdkUwGif pwkw¬jzpfaom r*fav;yg; apwemwnf;[laom
avmukwå&muH jzpfay:atmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí a½S;uHoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk ukefqHk;ap&ef &nf½G,fawmfrlum
þokwfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/ þt"dyÜg,fudk t*Fkwå&ygVd? pwkuúedygwf ESm-553 rS 559?
oHcdwåokwf? 0dwåm&okwf? aomPum,eokwf? yXrodu©my'okwf? 'kwd,odu©my'okwf? t&d,r*¾okwf
wdkUüvnf; a[mawmfrl\/
11/ ,if;pum;&yf\ tqufü ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]Ak'¨0g'D taeESifh,laom ukodkvfum;
'kp½dkufudk a½Smif&efomjzpfonf}}[kqdkjyef\/ 'kp½dkufudk a½SmifMuOfrIonf 0d&wDoDvukodkvfuH jzpf\/
xdk0d&wDoDv ukodkvfudkom,lojzifh 'geukodkvfuH? orxbm0emukodkvfuH? 0dyóembm0emukodkvf
uHwdkUudk y,f½Sm;&m a&muf\/ ]]umrm0p& ukodkvf tukodkvfrSm Ak'¨ESifhrqdkifonfudk
txl;*½kûy&efvdk\}}[laom ol\ aemufpum;jzifh rlum; 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóem ukodkvfuH
tm;vHk;udkyif ocifjrwfqdkif y,fjyef\/ rSefvS\- 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóem ukodkvfuH[lonf
umrm0p&ukodkvfpdwf 8-yg;wdkUü ,SOfaom umrm0p& ukodkvfuHcsnf; jzpfavonf/ xdkumrm0p&
ukodkvfuHudk y,fvdkufjcif;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóempaom
ukodkvfuHwdkUudk y,f&ma&muf onfhtjyif rdrd\ a½SUpum;udkvnf; y,f½Sm;NyD; jzpfaeayonf/
udk,fhpum;csif;yif rnDay? xdkUaMumifh pk'dwuwdkUonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJqdkonfhtwdkif;
yl&Puóypaom wdw¬drsm;uJhodkU uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk y,f½Sm;MuonfrSm vGefpGm xif½Sm;avonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU\ oHk;oyfcsuf
21/ apm'u? pk'dwuwdkU\ tqdkESpf&yfudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMu&m
pk'dwuwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;ü-
(u) aumif;rIûyoltwGuf aumif;usdK;w&m;ESifh bHkeef;rsm;? raumif;rIûyoltwGuf
tjypf'Pfrsm;onf pdwful;oufoufjzifh vlom;\pdwfudk jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;ç
ajcmufvSefUjcif;om jzpfonf/ (trSefpifppf r½Sd[kqdkvdkonf/)
(c) ,ckb0ü aumif;pm;csrf;omaejcif;onf a½S;a½S;b0u ukodkvfuHaMumifh r[kwf?
,ckb0tvkyf\ aus;Zl;oufoufom jzpfonf/ ,ckb0ü csrf;omjcif;udk a½S;a½S;b0u
ukodkvfuHaMumifh[k ,HkMunfvQif ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|djzpfonf? t"r®jzpfonf/
(*) ukodkvf? tukodkvf taMumif;aMumifh tusdK;qufjzpfonf[laom ur®óuw
vrf;pOfonf jAm[®Pa0'rS jrpfzsm;cHvmonf/ oHo&mvnfaea&;udkom tm;ay;aom
w&m;jzpfonf/
(C) Ak'¨\ rl&if;a'oemü twdwfuHudk tpGJûyaom y&rÜ& umrm0p&ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsdK;udk
pGJ,lvufcH ,HkMunf&ef rygr½Sd/
(i) y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemt& twdwfb0taMumif;aMumifh ,ckb0ü tusdK;w&m;jzpfvm&onf
[laom t,ltqonf twåvrf;pOf 0dnmPfpGJ trSm;w&m;rsm; jzpfonf[laom
aumufEkwfcsufwdkUudk awGU&onf/
(u)trSwfaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
22/ (u) þaumufEkwfcsufrsm;udk ûcHiHkoHk;oyfaomf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf ukodkvfuH?
tukodkvfuHESifh xdkuH\ tusdK;w&m;udk y,f½Sm;Muolrsm; jzpfonfudk awGU&onf/ xdkpk'dwuwdkU\ uH-
uH\tusdK;udk y,faom t,l0g'onf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyaom plVur®0db*Fokwf? wyeD,okwf?
twyeD,okwfpaom bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ajzmifhajzmifh qefUusifavonf/ wdw¬dwdkU\
t,l0g'om jzpfavonf/ uH\tusdK;? bHkeef;ESifh tjypf'PfwdkUudk pdwful;oufouf jzm;a,mif;csuf[k
pGyfpGJcsufonf atmufyg bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;ESifh vHk0qefUusifayonf/
tcgwpfyg;ü okbvkvifonf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHarSmufodkU vma&mufí ]]t½Sifa*gwr
vljzpfMuolwdkUrSm vltcsif;csif;wlygvsuf t,kwf? tjrwfuGJjym;aeMu&onfudk awGUjrifae&ygonf/
tcsdKUu toufwdkí tcsdKUu touf½SnfMuygonf/ tcsdKUu tema&m*grsm;í tcsdKUu tema&m*g
uif;Muygonf/ tcsdKUu t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wefí tcsdKUu tqif;vS Muygonf/ tcsdKUu tjcHt&HrJhí
tcsdKUu tjcHt&Hrsm; Muygonf/ tcsdKUu pnf;pdrfOpöm enf;yg;í tcsdKUu pnf;pdrfOpöm aygrsm;Muygonf/
tcsdKUu trsdK;,kwfí tcsdKUu trsdK;jrwfMuygonf/ tcsdKUu ynmrJhí tcsdKUu ynm½SdMuygonf/
þodkUuGJjym;&jcif;\taMumif; taxmuftyhHum; tb,fygenf;}}[kavQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifu
]]vkvif owå0gwdkUonf uHomvQif udk,fydkifOpöm ½Sdukef\/ uH\tarGcHwdkUom jzpfukef\/ uHomvQif
taMumif;&if;½Sdukef\/ uHomvQif aqGrsdK;½Sdukef\/ uHomvQif udk;pm;axmufwnf&m ½Sdukef\/ uHomvQif
owå0gwdkUudk t,kwftjrwf jzpfatmif a0zef\}}[k rdefUawmfrlavonf/
]]t½Sifa*gwr þtusOf;a[mxm;aom w&m;pum;\ teufoabmudk rodem;rvnfyg? tus,f
a0zefí a[mawmfrlyg}}[k okbvkvifu awmif;yefjcif;aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tus,fa0zefí
a[mawmfrlonf/ xdka0zefcsufudk tenf;i,fcsHK;í jyvdkayonf/
þavmuü olwpfyg;toufudk owfavh½Sdolonf aoonfrS aemufü i&JodkU a&muf&wwf\/
tu,fí i&JodkUra&mufbJ vltjzpfodkU a&mufcJhvQif toufwdk&\/ toufowfjcif;rS a½SmifMuOfavh
½Sdolonf aoonfrSaemufü ewfjynfodkU a&muf&wwf\/ tu,fí ewfjynfodkU ra&mufbJ vltjzpfodkU
a&mufcJhvQif touf½Snf&\/
þavmuü owå0gudk n§Of;qJavh½Sdolonf aoonfrSaemufü i&JodkU a&muf&wwf\/ tu,fí
i&JodkUra&mufbJ vlUtjzpfodkU a&mufcJhvQif tema&m*grsm;\/ owå0gudk n§Of;qJavhr½SdbJ oem;
Muifemavh½Sdolonf aoonfrSaemufü ewfjynfodkU a&muf&wwf\/ tu,fí ewfjynfodkU ra&mufbJ
vlUtjzpfodkU a&mufcJhvQif tema&m*guif;½Sif;í usef;rma&;aumif;wwf\/
trSefw&m;rsm;om jzpfMuayonf/
33/ ]],ckb0ü aumif;pm;csrf;omaejcif;onf a&S;a&S;b0u ukodkvfuHaMumifh r[kwf?
,ckb0 tvkyf\ aus;Zl;oufoufomjzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csufonf rjynfhpHkaom tjrifom
jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ypöKyÜefwpfb0udkom usOf;ajrmif;pGmjrifaom ½kyf0g'tjrifom jzpfonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyonfh ed'geokwfESifh vnf;aumif;? oaÍöweduokwf ponfwdkUESifh
vnf;aumif; qefUusif\/
tenf;i,f½Sif;jyOD;tHh ]],ckb0ü aumif;pm;csrf;omaejcif;onf a½S;a½S;b0u ukodkvfuHaMumifh
r[kwf}} paompum;onf ukodkvfuHtwGuf a&;om;csufjzpfonf/ ]]xHk;tdk;xJ EdIufaomvufonf
csufcsif;jzLovdk? uwå↦ykef;xJ EdIufaomvufonf csufcsif;eufovdk? i½kwfoD;udk pm;vQif csufcsif;
pyfovdk? Ak'¨\ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;om jzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csufjzpfonf? ukodkvfuH?
tukodkvfuH ESpfrsdK;vHk;twGuf a&;om;csufjzpfonf/ xdka&;om;csufjzifh OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\
aemufvdkufrsm;onf ukodkvfuHjzpfap? tukodkvfuHjzpfap ykcufESifhacgif;Mum; rsufarSmufb0üom
tusdK;ay;onf[k t,l½Sdolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdkolwdkU\t,lonf Ak'¨\ur®0g'vHk;0r[kwf? Ak'¨ra[mbJ
Ak'¨ta[mvkyfí rdrdwdkU0g'udkom a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ uH\tusdK;ay;yHkudk i½kwfoD;pyfovdk
csufcsif;[lí a&;om;csufonfvnf; obm0vHk;0rus/ uH\ tusdK;ay;&mumvudkvnf;
ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;[k xifrSwfjcif;onfvnf; tem*wfb0r½Sdonfh Oapä'0g'jzpfaom ½kyf0g'tjrift&
abmifcwfjcif; jzpfaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;avonf/
tpdaEÅ,sw&m; 4-yg;½Sd&mwGif ur®0dygaum tpdaEÅa,sm=uH-uH\tusdK;ay;yHkudk pdwful;jzifh
MuHqí trSefr&aMumif; odEdkifayonf/ uHt&monf vlomrefwdkY awG;ac: ajrmfjrifEdkifaomt&m
r[kwfacs/ þtcsufudk tav;teufrxm;bJ rdrdudk,frdrd ynm½SdBuD; xifrSwfNyD; uHtusdK;ay;yHkonf
i½kwfoD; pyfovdkyJ[k ,lqvsuf Ak'¨\ur®0g'yg[k Armjynfvlxktm; wifjyjcif;onf
rsufvSnfhjyjcif;om jzpfaMumif; odEdkifMuayonf/
pifppf uH-uH\ tusdK;ay;yHkESifh pyfvsOf;í ypöwd=&ifhusuf\[laom ygVdawmfonf tcsKyf jzpf\/
uHonf ukodkvfuHjzpfap? tukodkvfuHjzpfap &ifhusufrS(0g) tcsdefusrS tusdK;ay;onf/ r&ifhusufao;
vQif tusdK;ray;acs/ Oyrm-o&ufoD;wpfvHk;onf &ifhusufrS(0g) tcsdefusrS rSnfhrS csdKonf/ rrSnfhcif
rcsdKay/ þOyrmuJhodkUyif &ifhusufrS uHonf tusdK;ay;onf/ uH\tusdK;ay;yHkonf i½kwfoD;ESifhrwl?
o&ufoD;ESifhom wlonf/
xdkUaMumifh tckukodkvfûy tckrcsrf;omMu? tcktukodkvfûy tckrqif;&JMu/ þvdkjzpfaerIESifh
ywfoufí rauseyfolwdkUu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®y'ygVdawmfwGif
atmufygtwdkif;ajz½Sif;csuf xkwfjyefcJhavonf-
(u) raumif;rIûyaomolyif jzpfaomfvnf; raumif;rI tusdK;ray;oa½GU umvywfvHk;
(c)trSwfaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
40/ (c)]],ckb0ü csrf;omjcif;udk a½S;a½S;b0u ukodkvfuHaMumifh[k ,HkMunfvQif ykaAÁuw
a[wk'd|d jzpfonf/ t"r®jzpfonf/}}[laompum;&yfudkvnf; ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dudk
uGJjym;pGm rodem;rvnfjcif;aMumifh qdkrdjcif;jzpfayonf/ ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dwdkUum;
tenf;i,frQrwlay/
uH-uH\tusdK;onf ½Sd\/ ukodkvfuHaMumifh aumif;aomtusdK; jzpfonf/ tukodkvfuHaMumifh
(C)trSwfjyaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
46/ (C) ur®óuwmvrf;pOfudk oHo&mvnfa&;vrf;pOf[k OD;Ouú|u pGyfpGJjyefonf/
ur®óuwÓPf[k qdktyfaom 'd|dZkur®yknud&d,0w¬Konf oHo&mvnfa&;udk tm;ay;aomw&m;
[kwf-r[kwfudk pdppfMuukeftHh/
ur®óuwÓPf[lonf ]]'kp½dkufq,fyg;onf tusdK;pD;yGm;wdkUudk zsufqD;wwf? tusdK;rJhudk
jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh udk,fydkifOpömjzpfaom uHr[kwf? okp½dkufonf tusdK;rJhwdkUudk zsufqD;wwf?
tusdK;pD;yGm;wdkUudk jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh udk,fydkifOpömjzpfaom uHrnf\}}[k odwwfaomÓPfyifwnf;/
xdkÓPfü wnfí 'ge? oDv? Oaygoxpaom aumif;rIwdkUudkûyvsuf csrf;ompnf;pdrf tqifhqifh
cHpm;NyD;vQif edAÁmefodkU a&mufMuolwdkUrSm *Pef;csí rjyEdkifatmif rsm;jym;vSonfudk oar®m[0daem'eD
t|uxm ESm-397- ü þodkU jyqdkxm;ayonf/
]]OpömjynfhpHk uHkvHk<u,f0aom a,mufsm;onf vSnf;aygif;ig;&mwdkUü axmywf? ysm;&nf? wifvJ?
qm;? ESrf;? qefpaom &du©mrsm;udkwifí uEÅm&c&D;cJudk oGm;onf½Sdaomf wpfpHkwpfck ûyzG,fudpö
jzpfay:vmygu toHk;taqmiftm;vHk; ,lcJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh awmifawmifþþ MuHpnfxdwfvefUrI r½SdbJ
ab;r½Sd&m t&yfodkU a&mufEdkifouJhodkU? þtwl('kp½dkufq,fyg;onf udk,fydkifOpömr[kwf?
okp½dkufq,fyg;onf udk,fydkifOpömjzpfonf[k odpGrf;Edkifaom) ur®óuwÓPfü wnfvsuf
rSm;,Gif;pGm pGyfpGJjcif; rjzpfEdkifacs/ xdk (u) (c) (*) (C) trSwfjypum;&yfwdkYudk Munfh½I½HkrQjzifhyif
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJcsuf rSefuefonfudk odEdkifayonf/
avQmufxm;onfhtwdkif; rSefuefayonf/
xdkUaMumifh þ(c)trSwfjy aom"empum;&yfonf-
]]yke p y&H *[ywa,m 'kóDavm oDv0dyaEém um,ó ab'g y&H r&Pm tyg,H
'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyaZÆwd}}
[laom jrwfpGmbk&m;pum;awmfudkyif ykwfcwf&m a&mufonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwdkU
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
21/ xdkUjyif pk'dwu OD;cif[efwdkUu ]]twdwf ypöKyÜef tem*wf[laom umvoHk;yg;onf
oHo, 0dpdudpäm e,fy,fwGif usa&mufaeojzifh ESvHk;roGif;oifhaom w&m;[k jrwfpGmbk&m;
azmfjyxm;aMumif;}} udk aom"emMuí rlvyPÖmo y&d,m,0*f oAÁmo0okwfudk wifjyMuonf/
xdkoAÁmo0okwftqdkudk pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMu&m ]]aom {0H ta,medaom reoduma&mwd
ta[moð Ek acg t[H twDwr'¨geH}} paom ygVdawmfonf apm'emESifh ywfoufaom twdwfb0
tem*wfb0 ½Sd r½Sdudk jyaom ygVdawmf r[kwf? roifhaom taMumif;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;oltm; twdwfumvü
0dpdudpämig;yg;? tem*wfumvü 0dpdudpämig;yg;? ypöKyÜefumvü 0dpdudpäm 6-yg;tm;jzihf 16-yg;aom
0dpdudpäm jzpfyHkudkomjyaom ygVdawmf jzpfonf/ þygVdawmfü ]]ta,medaom}}[laom pum;onf
tvGefta&;BuD;aompum; jzpfonf? roifhrwifh ESvkH;oGif;oltm;omvQif twdwf b0ü igjzpfcJh\avm
rjzpfcJh\avm ponfjzifh 0dpdudpäm (16)rsKd; jzpfonf[k qdkvdkcsuf xif½Sm;vSonf/ pum;tjyef
Aswd&duftm;jzifhrlum; ]]a,medaom (toifhtwifh rSefrSefuefuef) ESvHk;oGif;wwfoltm;rlum; ig twdwfü
jzpfcJhzl;oavm ponfjzifh 0dpdudpäm (16)rsKd; rjzpf[kem;vnfEdkifonf? þodkY twdwfumv twdwfb0ü
igjzpfcJhoavm[k ,HkrSm;rI r½Sd oHo,rjzpfbJ ,HkMunfrI ½Sdjcif;jzifh ]]tw¬d ya&m avmaum}} ypöKyÜef
avmurSwyg; tjcm;aom avmu½Sd\[k tjrifrSef or®m'd|d jzpfonf? xdkrQru twdwf tem*wftay:
vHk;0 oHo,uif; 0dpdudpäm½Sif;NyD;oGm;vQif aomwmyefyif jzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh þygVdawmfonf
twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sd r½Sd [laom t,lESifhpyfonfh apm'em aom"emü om"urajrmuf[k 0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
xdkUaemuf pk'dwu OD;cif[efwdkUu "r®*kPf 6-yg;wdkUudk azmfjyí "r®\*kPf&nfonf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkxm;ouJhodkU r[kwfbJ 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&; twGufom jzpfaMumif;
wifjyavQmufxm;Muonf? (<uif;aom pum;&yfrsm;um; pdppfNyD;wGif yg0ifNyD; jzpfMuonf?)
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u "r®*kPf&nfonf 'ku©Nidrf;a&; r[kwf[k apm'emjcif; r½SdaomaMumifh
þaom"emonfvnf; apm'emESifh roufqdkifacs/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 wrvGefb0 ½Sdonf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrlygvsuf pk'dwuwdkUu twdwfb0 tem*wf(wrvGef)b0 r½Sd? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrrl?
ypöKyÜefb0udkom a[monf[k a&;om;a[majymaeMuaMumif;udkom apm'emMuonf? xdkUaMumifh
jrefrmjyef
okwåefygVdawmfü wm0efcsxm;jcif;cH&aom olonf okwåEÅdu rnf\? 0denf;yd#uudk aqmifaom
olonf 0de,"& rnf\? "r®udk a[majymol[lonfum; tbd"r®mudk (wm0ef,lí) aqmifaom olwnf;/
6/ þodkU ]]"r®0de,}}[lí "r®ESifh0de, wGJvsufyk'f? ]]"r®}}oufouf? ]]0de,}}oufoufyk'f?
,if;ESifh tvm;wlaom ]]okwåo'´g}}? ¤if;wdkU\ a[mavh½Sdaom yd#uusrf;*efü oHk;pGJavh½Sdaom
teufwdkUudk ,ckuJhodkU xkwfjyjcif;rSm ]]"r®H p 0de,H p}} paom yk'fudk vufudkifûyí teuft&aumuf
xkwfMuaom bmomjcm; vlrsKd;jcm; taemufwdkif; ordkif;okawoDwdkUESifh ,if;wdkU\ aemufvdkuf
jrefrm(or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if)wdkU\ tqdkudk pdppf&ef jzpfonf? "r®H p 0de,H [laom ygVda0g[m&wdkU\
o'´geuf &if;jrpfteufuav;avmufudkom usOf;ajrmif;pGm qkyfudkifívnf;aumif;? bk&m;a[mygVd
a0g[m&wdkU\ ,xmblw teufrSef&atmif zGifhjyaom t|uxmq&mBuD;wdkU\ ñTefjycsufwdkUudk
ypfy,fívnf;aumif;? udk,fvdk&mudk pGJí a&;om;ajymjcif;onf yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusif½HkrQru
avmutpOftvmtm;jzifhvnf; vHk;0 qefUusifayonf/ om"u jy&aomf EdkifiHwumü tajccHOya'yg
pum;vHk;wdkUudk Oya'jy|mef;ol tpdk;&wdkUu rnfonfhpum;udk rnfodkU qdkvdkonf[k teufzGifhqdkcsuf
owfrSwfay;pjrJjzpfonf? owfrSwfay;onfh teuftwdkif; jynfolwdkUu vdkufem&onf? Mum;vl
wpfOD;wpfa,mufu tajccHOya'üygaom a0g[m&udk tbd"mefvSefMunfhNyD; rdrdvdkcsifovdk t"dyÜm,f
azmf,lí r&ay? þenf;twl bk&m;a[mygVdawmfü ygaom a0g[m&wdkU\ teufudkvnf;
t|uxmq&mrsm; zGifhjyonfhtwdkif;om teuf,l&ayonf? þum; obm0enf;vrf;aywnf;/
7/ ]]"r®}}ESifh ]]tbd"r®}}? ]]0de,}}ESifh ]]tbd0de,}} wGJpyfí a[mvQif ,l&rnfh teufrsm;udk
qufvufjyqdkOD;tHh/
(u) ]]yke py&H bdau©a0 bdu©K "r®umarm a[mwd yd,ork'g[ma&m tbd"r® tbd0dea,
OVm&ygarmZÆm}} (tH 3? 275/ 'D 3? 257) ponf
('ou? tH? yxr emxokwfESifh 'D-3? o*Ðwdokwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU &[ef;wpfyg;onf (yd#u 3-yHk[k qdktyfaom) w&m;udk vdkvm;onf cspfzG,f
emvdkzG,faom pum;udkajymqdkwwfonf? tbd"r®m (odkUr[kwf -r*fzdkvf)üvnf;aumif;? cE¨u? y&d0g&
[laom jrwfaom (us,f0ef;rsm;jym;aom) 0denf; (odkUr[kwf-udavom Nidrf;at;aMumif;w&m; [laom
tbd0de,)üvnf;aumif; (oif,lavhvmjcif;ç usifhoHk;jcif;tm;jzifh) xl;jcm;jrifhrm;aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
&Sdonf/
(c) 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmf OyorÜma'wAÁ yÍöuü edó&nf;ay;Edkif? OyZÑm,fûyí
(A) The omission of the Abhidhamma only proves that it was not yet known as a separate
Pitaka. At the same time it is unnecessary to suppose that anything like the
Abhidhamma was in existence at the first recital of the Dhamma.
(B) The date of the Pali Abhidhamma is very doubtful and I don’t reject the hypothsris
that it was composed in Ceylon, for the Sinhalese seen to have a special taste for such
literature. But there is no proof of this Sinhalese origin.
jrefrm
ygVdtbd"r®m\acwfonf tvGef raorcsm½Sdonf? ,if;tbd"r®mudk oD[dkVfü
a&;om;cJhonfqdkaom wifjycsufudk uREfkyf rjiif;y,f? ,if;odkU ry,fEdkifonfrSm oD[dkVfom;rsm; þodkU
cufcJeufeJonfh pmayrsm;ü av;pm;jrwfEdk;rI txl;½SdyHk&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ odkUaomf oD[dkVfu
ponf[laom tcsufudk oufaojyp&m r½Sdjzpfonf/ (Hindusim and Buddhism Vol.1 G.Eliot P,292)
(C) Thus neither the Khuddaka Nikaya nor the Abhidhamma receives mention is the
earliest tradition of the first Council and both consequently may be deemed as later
and less suthotitative additions, however ancient.
jrefrm
yxroH*g,em a½S;OD;qHk; tpOftvmü ck'´uedum,fa&m tbd"r®myg>rufqdkjcif;rcH&? xdkUaMumifh
,if; ck'´uedum,fESifh tbd"r®m 2-rsdK;vHk;onf a&S;yifusapumrl aemufydkif;acwfESifh qdkifí cdkifvHkrI
r½SdvSaom usrf;rsm;[k todtrSwfûy cH&ayrnf/ (J.G.Jenning’s Vedantic Buddhism. Introduction Notes
P.L VII)
(D) No Abhidhamma is mentioned. It is possible that when the account was composed
there was on Abhidhamma not separated as a third Pitaka, but we can be sure that
whatever it was it did not consist of the works now known by that name. However,
other schools hold that the Abhidhamma was recited, and that this was done by
Kassapa himself.
jrefrm
(yxroH*g,emü) tbd"r®mudk rqdkay? yxroH*g,em taMumif;t&mudk a&;om;pDpOfpOftcg
tbd"r®yd#utjzpf cGJrxkwf&ao;aom tbd"r®mum; ½SdEdkifonf? odkUaomf xdktbd"r®m[laom trnfjzifh
,ckodaeMuaom usrf;pmrsm;udk yxroH*g,emü ryg-[k uREfkyfwdkU tcdkiftrm qdkEdkifonf? odkU&mwGif
tjcm;*dkPf;rsm;uvnf; xdkyxroH*g,emwGif tbd"r®mudk oH*g,emwifonf? ,if;udk t½Sifr[muóy
udk,fwdkif ½Gwfqdkonf[k ,lqMuavonf/ (The History of Buddhist thought by E.J. Thomas . P.28)
Abhidhamma is not the message of the founder. It is the work of the monkish world
that grew up after him.
Psycho-Logical Ethice”)
r½SufraMumuf ajym&ma&mufayonf/
The root of that BIRNA which growing up along with the rest of Buddhism went on
sperding so luxuriantly that radually covered up much that was volue in the earlier teaching
and fiually to the downfall in its home in India of the aneient faith.
jrefrm
Ak'¨"r®\ t<uif;tusefrsm;ESifh wGJ,SOfí BuD;yGm;vmcJhaom Ad&Paygif;jrwf\ tjrpfrsm;onf
vGwfvyfxlydef;pGm jyefUESHUvmcJh&um; a½S;a[mif;Ak'¨tqHk;rrsm;wGif wefcdk;BuD;aom tcsuftvuf
trsm;tjym;udk wpfjznf;jznf; zHk;tkyfvmum aemufqHk;ü tdEd´,jynfwGif a½S;a[mif;,HkMunfrI\
usqHk;aysmufuG,fjcif;odkUyif ydkUaqmifcJhayonf}} [k qdkcJhavonf? ('D-2 r[my'geokwf bmomjyefed'gef;
ESm-6) opöm 4-yg;udkyif ayghysufysuf a&;om;azmfjyaom aomrwfpf a';Apf\ ygVdbmomoif,ljcif;onf
Ak'¨bmomudk cszdkU tjrpfu EkwfypfzdkUom oif,lavhvmMujcif;ayavh[k pOf;pm;zG,f jzpfayonf?
opömav;yg;udkrS [movkyfaeuwnf;u Ak'¨"r®bufu ckcHa&;aeaom t|uxmq&mBuD;rsm;udk
ykwfcwfonfrSm rqef;awmhay/
19/ olwdkU\ t,ltq ajymif;vJcJhyHkudkvJ ½Iyg? a½S;a[mif; tdEd´,ordkif;udk a&;ol V.A.Smith
Inperssion) [laom tcef;ü tbd"r®monf Ak'¨ñTefjyaom vrf;p (rmwdum) jzifh xdkxdk okwåef (Oyrm-
rZÑdredum,f Oy&dyPÖmo tEky'okwf ponf) ü a[mawmfrlaom "r®tpkwdkUudk tpDtpOfusatmif
pepfwuspDpOfí t½Sifom&dykwå&m oifjyxm;aom csydkUpOf jzpfonf[lí a&;om;ayonf/
qufvufí ÓPaygPdu u ol\ tbd"r®mavhvmcsufrsm; pmtkyf ESm-25-ü þodkU
a&;om;xm;\/
“The Anupada Sutta showe that an elaboration of thdoctrine in the manner of the
Abhidhamma was under taken at the Master’s Life time, by analytically and Philosophically gifted
disciples. This development was experessly encouraged by the Buddha when, in that Discourse he
mentioned and highly praised Sariputta’s fourtnight of analytical onguiry 2.”
jrefrm
y'0dbm* (tu©&m yk'fAsnf;wdkUudk cGJpdwfa0zef ydkif;jcm;jcif;) tw¬0dbm* (teuft"dyÜg,fudk
tpDtpOfwus a0zefuefUowfydkif;jcm;jcif;) t&mü tvGefawmfMuaom wynfhrsm;onf
Ak'¨vufxufawmfuyif tbd"r®m yHkoP²meftoGifjzifh ]]"r®}} rsm;udk tao;pdwf pDpOfcJhMuonf qdkonfudk
tEky'okwfu azmfjyaeayonf? þtEky'okwfü t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ 2-yu©twGif; tEky'0dyóem
(tpdwftpdwf cGJjcm;oHk;oyfEdkifjcif;)udk txl;>rufqdk csD;usL;awmfrlpOf Ak'¨onf þodkU tbd"r®mtoGif
jrifhrm;wdk;wufjcif;udk odompGm tm;ay; awmfrlavonf/ (Abhidhamma Studies by Nyanaponika p.25)
tbd"r®mudk omrefvlwdkUtm; Ak'¨onf a[m>rufjcif; rûyay? cufcJeufeJaom t"dyÜm,frsm;udk
a[majymaejcif;jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ okPEÅyk*¾dKvf (w&m;emyk*¾dKvf)wdkUtm; ,if;wdkU\
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tajccHusaom vufawGUusifhoHk;zG,f w&m;rsm;udk a[mawmfrlonf? ,if;"r®wdkUudk
r[m0*¾oH,kwfüvmaom aomwmywådoH,kwf opöoH,kwf paom okwåefwdkUü Ak'¨jrwfpGm txyfxyf
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? tdrfaeolvlom;wdkUtm; rqdkxm;bd? omoemawmfwGif;odkU0ifí wpfudk,fwnf;
usifhvdkMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;yif tbd"r®mw&m;awmfBuD;udk a[mMum;awmfrrlbJ ,if;wdkUESifh
oifhawmfaom ur®|mef;tvkyfw&m;rsm;udkom a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
vlenf;pkom vufcHodrf;ydkufEdkif em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifaom tbd"r®mudk xufjrufpl;½Saom
ÓPf½Sdaom ½Sifom&dykwå&m ½Sifr[maum|du ½Sifr[mupöme paom ax&fBuD;rsm;tm; tus,f½Sif;vif;
a0zefap&ef wm0efay;aomtm;jzifh &[ef;y&dowftv,fwGif tusOf;t>rufrQom a[mí ae&mrSxum
<uoGm;awfrlavonf? w&m;em &[ef;y&dowfwdkUonf bk&m;½Sif\ tusOf;oacFyuxmudk em;rvnfMuí
½Sifom&dykwå&mxH csOf;uyfrSwfom; tus,ftm;jzifh em;vnfMu&ayonf? xdkUaMumifh &[ef;rsm;
tm;udk;,HkMunfpGm ½Sifom&dykwå&mxH csOf;uyfem,lEdkifMuap&ef-
om&dykawåm bdu©a0 wxm*awe tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH or®a'0 tEky0awåwd
(r? 3? 79/)
&[ef;wdkU igbk&m; vnfapawmfrlaom (a[mawmfrlcJhaom) tjrwfqHk;w&m;pufudk
om&dykwå&monf igbk&m;enf;wl vnfapjcif; (a[majymjcif;) iSm pGrf;Edkifayonf [lívnf;aumif;/
]]&[ef;wdkU jzLpifjrifhjrwfaom oDvç orm"dç ynmESifh 0drkwådt&mü xdyfwef;a&muf
pGrf;aqmifEdkifol[k qdkvQif om&dykwå&mudk &nf½G,fí ajymrS rSefrnf}} [lívnf;aumif;/
It is therefore quite probable that the Buddha transmitted the gist of his Abhidhammic
knowledge to such individual monks whom he knew to be capable of elaborating and applying the
briefly indicated by their own penetrative intellect e.g in the case of Sariputta.
jrefrm
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf tbd"r®mqdkif&m todÓPfESifhpyfí tusOf;t>rufrQuav;udk
½Sifom&dykwå&muJhodkU tus,fcGJa0 a[majymEdkifrnfholç ûcHí jyvdkufaom enf;udk rdrdwdkU *rÇD&ÓPfjzifh
toHk;ûyEdkifrnfhol[k ,HkMunfcJholwdkUtm; vTJajymif; vufurf;awmfrlcJhonf? þtcsufonf
tvGefjzpfEdkifonfh tcsuf jzpfonf/ (Abhidhamma Studies by Nyanaponika p.24-25)
usrf;u wjcm; jzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf? (pk'dwu OD;qE´"du qdkouJhodkY tbd"r®m 20-usrf; jzpfonf[k
qdkvdkonf r[kwfay) odkU&mwGif þ ck'´u*E¦ 15-usrf;udkvnf;aumif tbd"r®myd#uudkvnf;aumif;
rnfolUtm; pOfqufrjywf csydkUaqmif½Guf&ef wm0efay;onf[k þokr*Fv0dvmodeDt|uxmu rqdkacs/
þodkU rqdkaomaMumifh ck'´uedum,f[lí yxroH*g,emü r½Sd? tbd"r®m yd#u[lívnf;
r½Sdao;[k taemufwdkif; okawoDwdkUu qdkMu\? aemufvdkufjzpfaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJU0ifwdkUuvnf; oHa,mifvdkufí qdkMu\/
24/ xdktqdkudk pdppfMunfhOD;tHh? okr*Fv0dvmodeD rnfaom 'DCedum,f t|uxm
jA[®ZmvokwftzGifh ed'gef;ü rqdk½HkrQjzifh tbd"r®mbk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdk&tHhavm? tjcm;ae&m
tjcm;okwfwdkUü zGifhqdkxm;onfudk tb,fhaMumifh vspfvsL½IMuoenf;? t*Fkwå&edum,f wdu 'kwd,
ygyPduokwfü þodkU a[mawmf rlxm;\/
]]£" bdu©a0 bdu©K a, aw bdu©L A[kókwm tm*wm *rm "r®"&m 0de,"&m
rmwdum"&m? aw umave umvH OyouFrdwGm y&dykpäwd y&dyO§wd}} (tH? 1? 155/)
&[ef;wdkU yd#u 3-yHkudk rsm;pGm Mum;emrSwfom;NyD;aomç edum,fudkaqmifukefç yd#u 3-yHkudk
aqmifukefç 0denf;udk aqmifukefç rmwdumudk aqmifukefaom &[ef;wdkUonf ½Sdukef\? þ&[ef;onf
&Hcg&Hcg xdkA[kokw &[ef;wdkUodkU csOf;uyfí ar;jref;pHkprf;\/
þt*FkwådK&fygVdawmfü tm*wm*rm [laom ygXfjzifh edum,f 5-rsdK;wGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;udkaomf
vnf;aumif; ESpfrsdK; oHk;rsdK;udkvnf;aumif; ig;rsdK;vHk;udkvnf;aumif; aqmifolwdkUudk taotcsm
azmfjyxm;\? þtcsufudk bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkudk odaom t|uxmq&mBuD;u þodkU zGifhjyxm;\/
tm*wm*rmwd {aum eduma,m {aum tm*arm emr? a'G edum,m a'G tm*rm emr?
yÍö edum,m yÍö tm*rm emr? {awok tm*arok a,oH {aumyd tm*arm tm*awm y*kaPm
y0wådawm? Aw tm*wm*rm emr/ (tH |? 1? 87/)
jrefrmjyef
tm*wm*rm [lonfum; edum,fwpfusrf;onf tm*rwpfck rnf\? edum,f 2-usrf;onf
tm*r 2-ck rnf\? edum,f 5-usrf;onf tm*rm 5-ck rnf\? þtm*rxJrS tm*rwpfckckudk
EIwfwuf½G½G aqmifxm;aomolonf tm*wm*r rnf\/
rSwfcsuf/ / tm*r[laom pum;vHk;udk ajrmufydkif; Ak'¨0g'DwdkUu ouúwbmomjzifh a&;om;&mü
oHk;pGJMuonf? ax&0g' ygVdusrf;*efrsm;üum; edum,ç tm*r-[laom pum; 2-rsdK;vHk;udkyif
edum,ftjzpf toHk;ûyMuonf? "r®"&m [l&mü "r®t& yd#u 3-yHkudk aumuf,l&rnf[k ('D? r[m0*¾|?
146) ü qdk\? wpfzef okwåEÅyd#uudk aumuf,l&rnf[k t*Fkwå& edum,f wdu-'k ygyPduokwf
t|uxm (ESm-89) ü qdk\? 0dok'¨dr*f r[m#Dumq&m t½Sif"r®ygvu okwåmbdocFgwó "r®ó
"m&aPe "r®"&m- [k edum,fBuD; 4-rsdK;rS <uif;aomç ck'´uedum,fü tusHK;0ifaom okwfESifh
“It is necessary to note here that being a Bhanaka of a particular section of canon meant only
that the person in question made a special study of that portion and did not in any way imply an
ignorance or neglect of ther other sections of pitakas.”
(8) 1 ^0de,"& (0g) a0e,du [laom pum;vHk;jzifh 0denf;udk aqmifolç tmbd"r®du [laom
pum;vHk;jzifh tbd"r®mudk aqmifolrsm; ½SdcJhaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsm; jycJhNyDjzpfonf?
Ak'¨pum;awmfrsm;udk 5-pkcGJí edum,[laom pum;jzifh oHk;EIef;ac:a0:aomtcg 0denf;a&m tbd"r®myg
ck'´uüxnfhoGif;í oH*g,em wifMuonfhtavsmuf ck'´uedum,f [líyif ac:a0:oHk;EIef;Muayonf?
ck'´u[lonfrSm 'DC t½Snfç rZÑdr tv,ftvwfESifh EdIif;,SOfí ck'´u twdka[m t"dyÜm,fudk
aumuf,l&onf? tao;tzGJ wefzdk;enf;aom okwfrsm; ygVdawmfrsm;[k tvGJraumuf&m? xdkUaMumifh
0denf;udk aqmifolrsm;udk 0de,"&-[k ac:qdkouJhodkU 0db*F"&mç rmwdum"&m[lí ac:qdkxm;
onfudkvnf; ygVdawmfrsm;ü trsm;tjym;awGU&ay&m 0denf;ig;usrf;vHk;udk aqmifol½Sdovdk
Obawm0dbif;rQ aqmifolç rmwdumac: ygwdarmufrQ aqmifolç cE¨urQ aqmifolrsm; ½SdaomaMumifh
xdkedum,fBuD;rsm;ESifh EdIif;pmvQif wdkawmif;onf[k qdkEdkifayonf/
(*) 2 ^wpfzef tbd"r®mudk aqmif&müvnf; rmwdum"&m-[laom ygVdawmfpum;udk
axmufí wdurmwdum 'kurmwdumrQudk aqmifolç eda'´oy'bmZeDrsm;ESifhwuG
"r®o*FPDudk aqmifolç 0dbif;rQudk aqmifolç y|mef;oufoufudkom aqmifolç
"mwkuxm yk*¾vynwfrQaqmifolç ,rdkufrQaqmifol [lívnf; ½Sdonf? tbd"r®m 7-
usrf;[k cGJxm;onfrSmvnf; u@tvdkuf cGJjcm;jcif;rsdK; r[kwf? obm0"r®odkU csOf;uyf
enf;tm;jzifh cGJxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? xdkUaMumifh rdrdoef&m qE´½Sd&m aqmifxm;cJhMuonf?
Oyrmtm;jzifh tvGef cufvSygonf (us,fvSygonf) qdkaom y|mef;usrf;BuD;udk þ 20-
Mahasanghikas were a Buddhist sect formed at the time of the second Council at Vesali 338.
B.C. They subsequently split up into sevetal schools among which, the Lokuttaravadins seem to
approximate closest to the original Sect.
jrefrmjyef
xdk&[ef;wdkUonf y&d,m,fjzifha[monfh a'oemudk rkcsenf; aumuf,lMuonf? eDwwå=
rlEdkifrnfrSm qdkzG,fr½Sd jzpf\? odkUaomf omoemawmfudk r,HkMunf rMunfñdkaom oltzdkU ajymí ,HkEdkifrnf
r[kwf&um; þü tus,fqdkzG,f rvdkawmhNyD/
44/ (2) c^ 2-vSrf; 3-b0g;[laom pum;rSm tu,fwdwd vlwdkUajcjzifh vSrf;<uoGm;ouJhodkU
wpfvSrf;pD <uoGm;awmfrljcif;udk qdkvdkonf r[kwf? vlUjynfom0w¬dûrdUrS <uoGm;awmfrlNyD;aemuf
jrif;rdk&fawmiftv,f pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfwGif wpfaxmufem;[ef jyawmfrlum wm0wðomewfjynfü
xif½Sm;pGm ay:awmfrlvmjcif;udk qdkvdkayonf? vlwdkUajcjzifh oGm;jcif;uJhodkU pum;wefqm Oypmoabm
ajymqdkjcif;om jzpfayonf? Oypm pum;udk rkcspum;rSwfjcif;onf Ak'¨pmayavhvm&ef rxdkufaom
ÓPfrGJrsdK; jzpfaMumif; odEdkifonf/
OD;Ouú|*dkPf;om;wdkUonf olwdkU aMunmxm;onfhtwdkif; p-o-C-Z-u [laom
yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom t½Sdw&m; tajccHw&m;tjzpf w&m;aoudkifxm;Muaom ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfMuí
½dk;½dk;vlwdkU rvkyfEdkifaom wefcdk;tbdnmOft&mrSeforQ r,HkEdkifMuí wm0wðom tbd"r®mwdkUudk '@m&D[k
pGyfpGJMujcif; jzpfayonf? pyspfoD; csOfonf[laom tajymrsdK;yif jzpfavonf/
45/ (2) *^ C jrif;rdk&fawmifudk vlwdkUrsufpdjzifh jrifaumif;onf r[kwfç rSefajymif;jzifhyif
jrifEdkif aumif;aomt&m r[kwfay? û*dvfwk 'kef;ysH? urÇmywf,mOfwdkU aumif;uiftESHU oGm;aeonf[k
qdkaomfvnf; jrif;rdk&fawmif\ cg;v,favmufrQ a&mufEdkifzG,f r½Sday? vAdrmefodkU vlom;rsm;
oGm;a&mufajccsEdkifNyD;[k qdkjcif;onf Ak'¨pmaytjrift& rqef;ay? psmeftbdnmOf wefcdk;&½Sdaom
olrsm;onf v-aersm;udk vufjzifh udkifwG,foHk;oyfEdkifonf[k ax&0g'usrf;pmrsm;u qdkonfrSm
ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmfcJhNyD jzpfonf? rE¨mwkrif;BuD;onf wm0wðomewfjynfü odMum;rif; 32-quf
vJonfhwdkifatmif ewfpnf;pdrfudk cHpm;cJhonf[k qdk\? rjzpfEdkifonf r[kwf? ewfjynf 6-xyfwGif
pwkr[m&mZfESifh wm0wðomewfjynf 2-xyfonf ajrudk rSDí wnfaeaom bkr®|uewfjynf jzpfonf?
<uif;ewfjynf 4-xyfonf [mvm[if;vif; aumif;uifjyifwGif wnfaeaom tmumo|u
ewfjynfjzpfonf[k ax&0g'usrf;pmrsm;u qdk\? tuef;udk jrifatmif rjyEdkifouJhodkY psmefudk r,Hkaom
olrsdK;tm; ,Hkatmif rajymEdkif? vufawGUvnf; rjyEdkif? rjyEdkifaomaMumifh r,Hkpwrf;qdkvQif
owå0gtoD;oD;ü txift½Sm; ½SdMuaom Spinit, Cognizance, Consciousness ponfjzifh ac:aeMuaom
pdwf Intellisence, Insight paom ynmÓPf\ tqifhtwef; t&nftcsif;rsm;udk "mwfyHk½dkufí rjyEdkif?
rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç udk,fwdkUjzifhvnf; prf;oyfrawGUEdkifaomaMumifh r,HkEdkif[k qdkMurnfav?
jrif;rdk&fawmif ESifhpyfí ygVdusrf;*efrsm;ü tjrifh,lZem rnfrQç ajratmufwGif ûryfaeaom twdkif;tq
rnfrQ[k twdtus qdkaomfvnf; ajymif;vJwwfaom obm0t& xdktwdkif;twmrsm;onf xdktwdkif;
tjrJwnf½SdMurnfr[kwf? jrif;rdk&fawmifBuD;\ ywf0ef;usifwGif ,k*E¨& paom awmifBuD; 7-vHk;ESifh
awmifwdkU\ tMum;tMum;wGif tvGefat;jraom oD'EÅ&ork'´&mrsm; ½SdaMumif; qdkonf? þudpörsdK;ü
pmqdkESifh vufawGUonf tcgcyfodrf; udkufnDonf r[kwf? jrif;rdk&fawmifonf
tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;ESifhpyfí pdppfcsuf
]]trSefrSvnf; oû*Ø[fESifh ewfrSDoHCmrSm wapmif;ap;ESifh rsufacs;om jzpf\}}
(ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlao vljzpfjyóem ESm-142)
]]rifhoû*Ø[fqdkwmu cyf½Sif;½Sif;ajym&,if or®m'd|dqdkwJh trSefjrif trSefodzdkU udpöjzpfwJh
OD;pD;w&m;udkawmif rsufajcjywfEdkifwJh 'd|Kyg'gefw&m;awG jzpfvmEdkifw,f}} (vlaovljzpfjyóem-144)
]]'dkU vlawGudk tJ'D uHedrdwfç ur®edrdwfç *wdedrdwfqdkwJh tJ'Doû*Ø[fbHkydkif;u[meJY tvSnfhtywf
tvdrfcHae&wm MumyaumuGm? tJ'DedrdwfawG ig tvum; ajywm r[kwfygbl;uGm? tbd"r®m 7-usrf;
pvHk;xJrSm ½Smcsifwdkif;½Smyg? b,fae&mrS ygwm r[kwfbl;}} (vlaovljzpfjyóem-146)
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; þ½Hk;awmfodkU wifjyxm;aom oufaocH pmtkyfpmwrf;trsm;xJu
ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpf jyóemwpftkyfxJrSmyif oû*Ø[fq&mudk vufñld;xdk;í Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk
rawmfrw&m; oa&mfapmf um;xm;csuf tawmfrsm;rsm;ygonf? Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk odu©mcsvdkí
t½SiftEk½k'¨gudk a½SUwrf;wif ]]Aef;jy}} r[kwf w½kwf tykyfcsvdkufyHk erlemrQ azmfjyvdkufonf/
56/ t½SiftEk½k'¨g\ tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;um; i,fyifi,faomfvnf; wu,fxda&mufç
tbd"r®m 7-usrf;vHk;udk odrf;usHK;í aESmufEdkifavmufatmif *kPfajrmufaom usrf;uav; jzpfonf/
“The Abhidhammatthasanghaha is the most authoritative of thesese there texts. In this short
manual, the Abhidhamma doctrine of the Mahavihara sect is very clevery condensed the book may be
said to represent the highest peak the of doctrinal development of Abhidhamma”.
Encyclopaed 1A of Buddhism Buddhism Fascicule; A-ACA pp.79-80
jrefrmjyef
tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;uav;onf tEk½k'¨ga&; o*F[ç y&rw¬0dedpä,ç emr½lyy&dapä' 3-usrf;wGif
tcdkifrmqHk; usrf;jzpfonf? þvufpGJ usrf;i,fuav;wGif r[m0d[m&edum,BuD;\ tbd"r®m
oabmw&m;rsm;udk tvGefusifvnfEdkifeif;pGm oyfoGif;jznfhodyfí xm;onf? þpmtkyfuav;udk
tbd"r®myd#u\ "r®a&;&m tjrifhqHk;tqifhtxd wifjyEdkifaom pmtkyf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
(Ak'¨"r®pG,fpHkusrf; twGJ? at-tp? ESm-79-80)
“It is interesting to mote what the says in the Namarupaparicheda, that he composed the work
according to the commentaries of the Mahavihara”.
“Both works were written while the author was residing at Kancipura in the Tambarattha, as
he says in the colophon or nigamana of the Paramattha Winicchaya.”
y|mef;ygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlyHk
]]tJ'DedrdwfawG ig tvum; ajymwm r[kwfbl;uGm? tbd"r®m 7-usrf; pvHk;xJ½Sm ½Smcsifwdkif;
½Smyg? b,fae&mrS ygwm r[kwfbl;” [k OD;Ouú|u &J&J0Hh0Hh qdkjcif;onfvnf; tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk
ESHUpyfatmif roifzl;íaomfvnf;aumif;? oifzl;apumrl aocsmaphpyfpGm t"dyÜm,f
r,lqwwfíaomfvnf;aumif; olUwynfhawG&JU txifBuD;rIudk cH&atmif [kwfonfjzpfap?
r[kwfonfjzpfap cyfwnfwnf vdrfnmxm;jcif;om jzpfonf? y|mef;ygVdawmf xdkxdk0db*F0g&
tm&r®Pypönf;ü a[mMum;tyfaom r&PmoEé0Dxd\ tm½Hk? y#doE¨0Dxd\ tm½Hkrsm;onf xdk uH?
ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwftm½Hkrsm;yif jzpfayonf? tenf;rQ xkwfjyOD;rnf/
aocgeD; yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufonf a½S;u rdrdûycJhzl;aom ukodkvfuHudk ESvHk;oGif;tm½Hkûyí
aooGm;NyD;aemuf ok*wd b0wpfckckü y#doaE¨wnfaecJhrl xdkol\ b0a[mif;u
r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmrsm;onf a½S;uûycJhonfh ukodkvfuH tm½Hkudk tm½HkûyMu\/
þteufoabmudk-
(1) ]]ukoavm "ar®m ukovó "r®ó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m? 'geH 'wGm oDvH
orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm wH ypöa0u©wd? ykaAÁ okpdPÖmed ypöa0u©wd}}
(tbd? p/ (y|me-y)132/)
twdwf ur®edrdwfxifyHk
yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufonf aocgeD;ra&mufcif a½S;tcgu apwDawmfudk zl;ajrmfcJh\/ xdkyk*¾dKvf
aocgeD;aomtcgü xdk apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur®edrdwf½lyg½Hkonf pdwftpOfü xifay:vmavonf/
xdktm½Hkudk tm½Hkûyí pkawNyD;aemuf ok*wdb0wpfckckü y#doaE¨aecJhrl xdkol\b0a[mif;u
r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmonf apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur® edrdwf½lyg½Hkudk tm½Hkûy\/ þteufoabmudk-
(3) ]]tAsmuawm "ar®m ukovó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m}}[laom ygXfjzifh jyawmfrlonf/
(tbd? 8/ (y|me-y)135/) (y|me)
xdkol\ b0opf y#doaE¨pdwf b0ifpdwfwdkUonf a½S;b0u r&PmoEéaZm ,lay;tyfaom
apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur®edrdwf ½lyg½Hkudkyif tm½HkûyMu\/
þteufoabmudk-
(4) ]]tAsmuawm "ar®m tAsmuwó "r®ó tm&r®P ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[laom ygXfjzifh
jyawmfrlonf/ (tbd? 8/ (y|me-y)134/) (y|me)
o'´g½Hkur®edrdwf ponf xifyHkudkvnf; þenf;twl rSwf,lMu&m\/
ypöKyÜef ur®edrdwfxifyHk
yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf aocgeD;tcgü rdbaqGrsdK; rdwfo*F[wdkUu yef;paom ylaZmfzG,frsm;udk ,lvmí
]]þyef; paom ylaZmfzG,frsm;udk bk&m;tm; vª'gef;ylaZmfyg}}[k ajymMu\/ vlrrmuvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
&nfrSef;í yef; paom ylaZmfzG,fwdkUjzifh ylaZmfavonf/ ukodkvfaZmrsm; txyfxyf apmaeavonf/
*wdedrdwfxifyHk
61/ *wdedrdwf[lonf aemufjzpf&rnfh b0opftm½Hkrsm; jzpfonf/ t&yfwyg;odkU
oGm;rnfhol\pdwfxJü rdrd oGm;a&mufrnfh t&yfrS xl;jcm;aom tm½Hk0w¬Kwpfckckonf xifa,mifjrifa,mif
jzpfaewwfonf? Oyrm &efukefûrdUodkU oGm;rnfhol\ pdwftpOfü &efukefûrdU½Sd rdrdwnf;ckdrnfhtdrf?
a½Twd*kHapwDawmf paom tm½Hkrsm; xifay:aewwfonf/ þtwlyif b0wpfyg;odkU vm;a&muf&rnfh
b0opfu tm½Hkrsm;vnf; uH\tpGrf;aMumifh xifvmwwfonf/ vlUbHk a&mufrnfholü eDaom
tqif;½Sdaom trd0rf;a& ponf? ewfjynfa&mufrnfholü ewforD; Adrmef ponf? i&Ja&mufrnfh olü i&JrD;
ponf? wd&pämefjzpfrnfholü awmawmifponf? Nydwåmjzpfrnfholü trdkufarSmif ponfwkdU
xifvmwwfonf/ xkdxifvmaomtcgü-
]]tAsmuawm "ar®m ukovó "r®ó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m? tAsmuawm "ar®m
tukovó "r®ó tm&r®P ypöa,m}} paom y|mef;ygVdawmft& vm;a&muf&rnfh b0opfu
½lyg½Hk*wdedrdwfonf raem'Gg&du- rPmoEéukodkvfaZm tukodkvfaZmtm; tm&r®Powådjzifh
aus;Zl;ûyay;aeayonf/
xkdaZmaemif pkwdusí b0opfü y#doaE¨pdwfb0ifwkdY jzpfaomtcgüvnf;
xdky#doaE¨pdwfb0ifwkdUonf a½S;b0u r&PmoEéaZm,lay;vdkufaom ½lyg½Hk *wdedrdwfudkyif
tm½HkûyMuonf/ þteufoabmudk qkdcJhNyD;aom (4) trSwfjy ygVdawmfjzihf jyawmfrlonf/
aocgeD; tcsdKUyk*¾dKvfwkdYonf ajrmarhaewwfMu\/ xkdokdY ajrmarhaepOfrSmvnf; uH? ur®edrdwf?
*wdedrdwf tm½Hk wpfckckudk tm½Hkûyvsuf pdwftpOf jzpfNrJ jzpfaeayonf? pdwftpOf rusbJ
jywfpJaeonfr[kwf/
pdwf apwoduf tpOf[lonf tm&r®PrsdK; aMumif;usdK;quf? o[ZmwrsdK; aMumif;usdK;quf?
yka&ZmwrsdK; aMumif;usdK;qufawG rjzpfbJ b,ftcgrQ rae? obm0"r® Own-Being ac:aom
jzpfpOfonfum; owå0gu odonf jzpfap rodonfjzpfap? owdxm;rdonfjzpfap rxm;rdonfjzpfap
jzpfí aeonfomwnf;/
OD;Ouú|onf þuJhodkU odrfarGUav;eufaom tbd"r®m y|mef;ygVdawmfudk
rodem;rvnfaomaMumifh 'DedrdwfawG tbd"r®mckepfusrf;xJrSm rygbl;[k ½Sufp&mpum; cyf<um;<um;
ajymcJhrdonfukd y|mef;pmtkyfudkrQ rzwfwwf½Smaom ocifjrwfqkdifwkdUu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
vufcH,HkMunfcJhMuayonf? rodrIum; qkd;0g;avpG/
62/ ]]edum,fawGxJu "r®pMumeJU wkdufNyD; a½G;xkwfvdkU&wJh okwfawGxJu 5-okwfavmufyJ
ig udkifxm;vdkufr,f? t|uxm#DumawG ½SdoavmufeJU ighudkwkdufcsifwkdif; wkdufMuprf;ygap?
uRrf;jyefusrukefawmh ighajymuGm}} (OD;Ouú| tajym-vlaovljzpfjyóem-353)
þum; OD;Ouú|u arSmifxJü vufoD;qkyfjyjcif;omjzpf\/ ygVdawmfrsm;uyif
oû*Ø[fq&mbufu &yfaeygNyDaum/ uRrf;axmifusolum; OD;Ouú|om trSefjzpfrnf/
wpfzef-
]]t|uxm#DumqkdwmawGu bk&m;a[mudk rSD;a&;w,fvdkUom qkdwmyJ½Sd&JU Ak'¨bk&m;
a[mwmuav; wpfvHk;udk udk,fvdkwJhteufxifatmif udk,fvkd&m udk,fqGJa&;wJh
oD[dkVfpma&;q&mawG&JU ÓPfawGcsnf;yJ}}
OD;Ouú|onf ocifjrwfqkdif&JU vlaovljzpfjyóem pmtkyf 353-rSm ygwJhtwkdif; ajymonfrSef&if
þtajymonf ]]udk,fcsif;pmí ajymjcif;? udk,fESifhEdIif; r½dkif;}} [laom ajymjcif;om jzpfayrnf/
bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ocifjrwfqkdifESifhtwl q&mwynfhESpfa,muf ÓPfeDÓPfeufawGeJU udk,fvdk&m
0dpdMuwuxukrm&uóayg/)
(9) tus,fcGJa0 ajzqkd&mü tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½Sifr[mupönf;? y#dorÇd'gt&mü
tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½Sifaum|duonfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;rsm;pGmaom {w'*ft&mü
xm;jcif;cH&ol rax&fBuD;wkdUonfvnf;aumif; yg½SdMuukef\/
(0dbZÆrSd upöm,aem? aum|daum y#dorÇd'g/ tanywåd r[max&m? t*¾edu©dwåum
A[l/)
(10) tqkdyg ax&fBuD;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? olawmfaumif;jzpfMuaom &[ef;udpö NyD;NyD;ol
tjcm; ax&fBuD;wkdUonfvnf;aumif; ig;&maom xkdax&fwkdUonf pkaygif;½Gwfqkdjcif;
ûytyfaom "r®0de,oH*g,emukd ax&0g'[lí qkdtyf\/
(aw[d pan[d axa&[d? uwudapö[d om"l[d/ yÍöoaw[d axa&[d?
"r®0de,o*Fa[m/ axa&[d uwo*Fa[m? ax&0ga'gwd 0kpöwd/)
þ'Dy0HorSwfwrf;t& yxroH*g,emwGif yg0ifaom rax&fBuD;wkdUonf OD;Ouú|uJhodkU
t,lonf;acgif;rmol wpf,loefrsm; r[kwfMuay/ udavomrvdrf; tylNidrf;NyD;aom ax&fBuD;rsm;
jzpfMuayonf/ xkd&[EÅmax&fBuD;rsm; tzkdU twå twåed, jAm[®Pvrf;pOfawGudk
jyefvnftoufoGif;í ax&0g'usrf;pmawGxJ xnfhoGif;zkdU jzpfEkdif rjzpfEkdif pOf;pm;jcif;rûybJ ]]edum,f\
edum,f}} ESm 6-Ak'¨omoemhorkdif; acgif;pOfatmufwGifvnf;aumif;? a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wkduftwGif;ü
pdkufxlxm;aom ausmufpmwkdifwGifvnf;aumif; atmufygtwkdif; rrSefruef a&;xkd;xm;onfudk
awGU&ayonf/
]]þtcsufonf yxroH*g,emwifyGJukd &[ef;awmftcsdKU tm½HkûyawmfrrlaMumif;
xif½Sm;onf/ tb,faMumifhenf;/ twdwf tem*wfw&m;pkrsm; twå twåed, paom
0dnmP0g' jyefygvmaomaMumifh þyxroH*g,em wifyGJü ryg0if&aom usefoHCmawmfwdkUu
t½Sifr[muóypaom ax&fBuD;wkdU oH*g,emwif&m owåyPÖdvdkPf*l\ taemuf
wpf,lZemtuGm yPÖ0vdkPf*lü tûydif oH*g,emwifMujyefonf}} [lí r[kwfrrSef
vkyfBuHa&;om;xm; avonf/
w½kwfrSwfwrf;ü awGU&aom ]yxroH*g,em pifNydKifwifonf} [laom tqkdonf ,kwådr½SdaMumif;
þqHk;jzwfcsuf wpfae&mü pdppfNyD;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,oH*g,emwGif 0de,udk qefUusifbufûyusifhMuaom
&[ef;rsm;\ t"r®0g'D tazmftaygif;udk pkaygif;pnf;½Hk;í tûydifoH*g,emwifaMumif;udkvnf; atmufü
pdppfNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ck wwd, oH*g,emESifh pwkw¬oH*g,emtaMumif;udk pdppfOD;tHh/
64/ OD;Ouú|trª;ûyí a';'&JûrdUü jyKvkyfusif;yaom yÍöedum, "r®omupämtzGJUrS xkwfa0onfh
]]edum,f\ edum,f}} ac: pmtkyf ESm-9 ü atmufygtwkdif; a&;om;xm;\/
Ak'¨0g'onf tewåur®0g' jzpfí [dE´LjA[®P0g'onf twåur®0g'jzpfaomfvnf; tewåESifh
wynfhawmf roGm;vdkyg/ roif,lvdkyg/ xkdrax&fonf oDvr½Sd? ,kwfrm aom ax&f jzpfygowJh- [lí
jyefvnfavQmufxm;aomtcg igh½Sif oifoGm;íom oif,lavmh/ oif\teD;ü ig xkdifíaernf[kqkdrS
r[m"r®&u©dwax&fonf xkdrax&fxH oGm;íoif,lavonf/ aeUa&mnyg oif,lNyD;onf tqHk;ü
ckwifanmifapmif;atmufrS rmwk*grwpfa,muf xGufvmonfudk jrifaomtcg þtaMumif;aMumifhyif
wynfhawmf þrax&fxHü roif,lvdkcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;[k jyefí avQmufavonf/ rnfokdU½Sdap xkd
r[m"r®&u©dwax&f\ tm;xkwfrIaMumifh r[meda'´ousrf;BuD; raysmufrysufbJ touf0ifí aeojzifh xkd
r[m"r®&u©dwax&frS rsm;pGmaom ax&fBuD;wkdUonf qufvufoif,lum ,if;r[meda'´oudk
pOfqufrjywf aqmifxm;awmfrlEkdifMuayonf/ (0d | 2? 274/)
wynfhudk tqufjywfoGm;Ekdifjcif;/
(2) jAm[®Pwdóab;&efESifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif; ab;&efu EIwfvGwfaqmifcJhonfh
tpOftvmudk tEÅ&m,f½SdaMumif; owday;ouJhodkU ½Sdaejcif;? ,if;okdU tcuftcJ
tusyftwnf;êuH&mtcgrsdK;ü ygVdt|uxmrsm;udk cJcJ,Of;,Of; yifyifyef;yef;ESifh
aqmifxm;Mu&onfudk udk,fawGU awGUêuHvmjcif;/
(3) tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmaomtcg bmoma&;pdwf"mwf rudef;atmif;ol wm0efrJh
yk*¾dKvfrsm; omoemawmftwGif;odkU 0ifvmMuí yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk wynfhpOfquf
vTJajymif;ay;&ef pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;yg;vmjcif;/
77/ txuftqkdyg taMumif;rsm;aMumifh &[ef;awmfrsm;onf tv,fydkif;jynfe,f tEk&m"ûrdUrS
a0;uGmaom rmwavht&yf\ teD;tem; wpfae&mjzpfaom tmavmu0d[m&ü yd#uwfrsm;udk
ayay:üwifí a&;om;&ef qHk;jzwf awmfrlMuonf/ þae&mü omoemawmftwGuf uHqkd;onf[k
qkdEkdifaom tcsufwpfcsufrSm tkyfcsKyfolbk&if\ pdwfygvufyg tm;ay;jcif;ukd rcH&rIyifwnf;/
xif½Sm;apOD;tHh-tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rS vGwfajrmufí xD;eef;udk jyefí&vmaom
0¥*grPdtb,rif;onf rdrd ajy;vTm;ykef;atmif;aepOftcgü rdrdtm; ulnDapmifha½SmufcJhaom
ukyd*¾v0d[m&ae r[mwdóax&ftm;vnf;aumif;? [rÁK*v’u0d[m&ae wdóax&ftm;vnf;aumif;
aus;Zl;qyfaom taetm;jzifh *sdef;bmom0if *d&dqkdol\ausmif;udk zsufí xdkae&mü
tb,*d&d0d[m&rnfaom ausmif;wkdufBuD; wpfckudk aqmufvkyfí r[mwdóax&ftm; wifvªavonf/
(xkdtcsdefum; c&pfray:rD 29-ESpfcefU[k r[m0Hotvdk cefUrSef;&ayonf) 0¥*grPdrif;\
tjcm;trwfBuD;rsm;uvnf; tjcm;ausmif;rsm;udk aqmufvkyfí wdóax&ftm; wifvªMuonf/
xkdpOfwGif r[mwdóax&fonf 0denf;udk tav;ûyoifhoavmuf rûy? vlwkdUESifh qufqHjcif;rsm;
½Gmt0iftxGufrsm;rIaMumifh r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;rsm;u ¤if;tm; ESifxkwfvkdufavonf/ odkUaomf
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufESifh tb,*d&d0d[m& ausmif;wkdufBuD; ESpfwkdufonf xkdtcsdefwGif
0g'a&;&mtm;jzifh uGJjym;rI r½Sdao;ay/
wpnf;w½Hk;wnf; r½Sdawmhacs/
79/ a0wkvs[lonfum; taomurif;BuD;vufxuf Ak'¨omoemudk zsuf&ef 0ifvmMuaom
a0wkvsykPÖm;wkdU pD&ifa&;om;onfh usrf;jzpfonf/ ,if;udk olwkdUu bk&m;a[musrf;[k
aMunmxm;Mu\/ ax&0g'&[ef;awmfrsm;u xkdusrf;udk Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifonf[kqkdum
vufrcHMuay/ ,if;a0wkvs0g'onf aemiftcg r[m,me*dkPf; 0ifwkdU\ a0ykv’okwåESifh
toGifoP²mef wl[ef½Sdonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / r[m,me pwifay:vmonfh tcsdefudk ynm½Sifrsm;u c&pfouú&mZf yxr&mpk
ESpfpavmuf[k cefUrSef;Muonf/ tóaCmowkdU\ pmayrsm; xif½Sm;acwfpm;vm&m tcsdefudk rSef;í
yxr&mpkESpf[k qkdMuaomvnf; xkdUxufyif apmí ay:vm[ef½Sdonf/
80/ ,if;odkU ausmif;wkdufBuD;ESpfwkduf jiif;cHkrIay:vmaomtcg a0g[m&uwdórif;onf
vufydkufí Munfhraeom awmhay/ uydvrnfaom trwfudk pmayt&yf&yf avhvmapí
tpD&ifcHapaomtcg Ak'¨0g'r[kwfaMumif;od&í a0wkvsusrf;pmrsm;udk &EkdiforQ ½SmazGrD;wkdufaponf/
,if;t,ludk rodromvnf;aumif;? odompGmvnf;aumif; vufcHaom &[ef;rsm;udk ESifxkwfaponf/
od&doCFaAm"drif;udk owfí rif;tjzpf cH,lvmaom a*gVmb,rif; (at'D 309-322) vufxufwGif
tb,*d&dausmif;wkdufü a0wkvst,ltq acgif;axmifvmjyefonf/ Oódvd,wdórnfaom ax&fonf
xkd0g'udk oabmrusí tb,*d&drSxGufcGmcJhNyD; 'u©dP*d&dausmif;odkU oGm;onf/ 'u©P*d&dausmif;odkU
a&mufaomtcg om*vrnfaom ax&fukd acgif;aqmifxm;í om*vd, rnfaom *dkPf;udk zefwD;onf/
odkUaomf ¤if;wkdU\ 0g'ukd trsm;pku vufrcHMuacs/ a*gVmb,rif;onf xkdtaMumif;udk odaomtcg
trSefw&m;0g'udk taotcsm xkwfazmfrnf[k (1) r[m0d[m&? (2) xlyg&mr? (3) £ó&orPm&mr?
(4) a0ó*d&d0d[m&? (5) apwd,0d[m& ausmif;wkdufBuD;ig;wkdufrS ax&fBuD;rsm;udk yifhac:pka0;apNyD;
xkdax&fBuD;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfap&m ,if;a0wkvs0g'onf rdpämt,lom jzpfonf[k tqHk;tjzwf
ay;awmfrlMuí a0wkvs0g'ESifh pyfaom pmtkyfpmayrsm;udk rD;wkdufypfaponf/ ,if;0g'acgif;aqmif
&[ef;ajcmufq,fwkdUudk a½G;aumufí trSwftom;rsm; xifapum wkdif;jynfrS ESifxkwfvdkufonf/
81/ xdktESifcH &[ef;ajcmufq,fwkdYonf tdE´d,awmifykdif; uma0&odkU oGm;a&muf
a½Smifykef;aeMuonf/ uma0& wkdif;om;wkdUu xkd&[ef;rsm;udk tjrwfwEkd; qnf;uyf ukd;uG,fMuonf/
82/ þae&mü "r®½kpd*dkPf; jzpfay:vmyHkudk þodkU odtyf\/ tb,*d&dausmif;ü aeaom
&[ef;trsm;pkonf r[m,met,ltqrsm;ü wdrf;ñGwfMu\/ r[moHCdu*dkPf;om;rsm; jzpfMuaom
tdE´d, yv’m&mrt&yfrS 0ZÆDykwåu &[ef;rsm;\0g'ukd vufcHMuonf/ ½kd;om;ajzmifhpif;aom
ygVdbmomxuf ta&;tzGJUqef;Mu,f ouúwbmomü ydkípdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ xkdpOfwGif "r®½kpdrnfaom
ouúwynm½Sd 0ZÆDykwåu0g'Dyk*¾dKvf\ ajymrIqkdrI t,ltqwdkUukd vufcH&mrS tb,*d&dausmif;ae
&[ef;rsm;udkyif "r®½kpd*dkPf;[lí ac:vmMuonf[k odrSwf&rnf/
teachings are pure and unsullied and untainted by heresy.” rdpäm0g'rsm; rayrvl;
rvdrf;rusHavmufatmif pifMu,foefU½Sif;aom Ak'¨"r®\ wnf&mXme jzpfonf[k ausmfapmxif½Sm;cJhjcif;
jzpfavonf/
87/ r[m0d[m&rS xGufcGmcJhMuaom rax&fwkdUonf tcsdKUu rm,mrnfaome,f? tcsdKUu
a&m[PZeyk'fokdU oGm;Muonf/ r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkduf½Sd toHk;taqmiftm;vHk;ESifh taqmufttHkwkdUukd
bk&ifhemrnfjzifh "r®½kpd*dkPf;0ifwkdUonf xifovkd toHk;ûyMuavonf/ ypönf;rsm;udk o,fykd;Muí tvHk;pHk
ajrvSefypfvkdufMuonf/ oHCrdwåESifh taygif;ygwkdUonf udk;ESpfwkdifwkdifyif tb,*d&dü
rif;rlíaeMuavonf/ q,fESpfajrmufü arC0PÖb,rnfaom trwfBuD; OD;aqmifonfh olykefwyfESifh
r[maoerif;\ ppfwyfwkdUonf bmoma&;taMumif;cHí r[m*grü tvHk;t&if;ESifh wkdufckdufMu&ef
&ifqkdifMuavonf/ odkU&mwGif ppfrwkdufvdkuf&bJ bk&ifESifhbk&ifhtrwfBuD;wdkUonf ESpfOD;om; ajyvnfpGm
aqG;aEG;í nDñGwfrI&um ppfwyfESpfckvHk; ½kyfodrf;vsuf aejynfawmfokdU jyefMuavonf/
88/ jynfwGif;üum; rdzk&m;wpfyg;onf rdrdwnfaqmufaeaom xlyg&mrausmif;wkdufukd
oHCrdwåu [efUwm;&ef êud;pm;ojzifh vuform;wpfOD; apvTwfí oHCrdwåudk towfckdif;avonf/
,if;rdzk&m;onf a0wkvsusrf;pm [lorQudk rD;½IdUzsufqD;aponf/ r[maoerif;onfvnf;
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukd jyefvnf wnfaqmufay;&avonf/ oHCmawmfrsm;onf udk;ESpfvHk;
ykef;atmif;ae&mrS jyefa&mufvmMuonf/ ESpftwefMumatmif Nidrf;csrf; om,mrI &vkdufMuaomfvnf;
omoemawmf\ uHMur®mum; taESmuft,SufrS rvGwfao;ay/ r[maoeu bk&ifonf rdpämt,lbufü
pdwfrukefao;bJ ½Sdí 'u©dP*d&dü aeaom udk0Sefwdórnfaom om*vd*dkPf;om; &[ef;wpfyg;udk
tm;ay;csD;ajr§mufonf/ xkd&[ef;twGuf bk&ifu ausmif;aqmufay;&mwGif r[m0d[m&ausmif;
wkduft&mrftwGif;rSmyif aZw0e0d[m&ukd aqmufjzpfatmif aqmufonf/ xkd&[ef;onf
odu©myk'ftmywfrsm;jzifh pGyfpGJjcif;cH&í &uf½Snfvrsm; ppfaq;NyD; vl0wfvJ&ef 0dedpä,csrSwfjcif; cH&onf/
bk&ifhtrdefUjzifh "r®duac: w&m;olBuD;csKyfukd xyfrHppfaq;&m a½S;enf;twkdif;yif trdefUjyefcsí
vlxGufaponf/ oHCmhabmifrS ESifxkwfvkduf Muavawmh\/ r[maoebk&ifonf aemifw&í
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukdyif ypönf;av;yg;wkdUjzifh axmufyHhí at'D 300-ESpfwGif uG,fvGefavonf/
89/ þrQavmufaom acwfumvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;ü oD[dkVfuRef;omoemonf
edrfhcsnfjrifhcsnf ½SdcJhaomfvnf; ax&0g'D r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;wkdU\ omoemapmifhpdwf"mwfum;
,drf;,dkifûyduGJjcif;r½Sd? 0de,ESifhpyfí oHCmtwGif; uGJjym;ap&ef vHk;yrf;jcif;udk Ak'¨udk,fawmfjrwftm;
aoG;xGufoH,dkûyapjcif; oabmxm;Muonf[k rmvmvmaqu& u qkdcJhavonf/
“In the Vinaya an attempt to bring about disunion among the Sangha is put in the
same category as shedding the blood of the Buddha.”
(Pali Literature of Ceylon by Malalaxekera p.54)
“To the assaults of open opponents the Buddhist displays the calmest indifference,
convinced that in its undiminished strength his a faith is firm and inexpugnable.”
How far the Alu-vihara's redaction agreed with or differed from the cannon and
commenttaries settled by the third Council and introduced into Ceylon by Mahinda's mission, whether
after their introduction into the island any passapes previously considered unorthodox had creptinot
the orthodox scriptures and whether the Alu-vihara Council separated such interpolations, and how far
the Tipitaka and its commentary reduced to writing at Alu-vihara resembled them as they have come
down to us now, no one can say.
This much, however, is certain that in the fifth century of the Christian era the present Pitakas,
etc., were considered orthodox both on continet and in Ceylon, as is evidenced by the visits of
Buddhaghosa and ta Hsian, and in view of the great care with which the orthodox monks attempted to
preserve the purity of the Word there is not much probability that the canon underwent any material
changes in the interval.
aw0dZÆ0päokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
13/ apm'uESifh pk'dwuwkdY\ wifvTm acsvTmwkdUudk oHk;oyfNyD;aemuf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfukd
xdyg;aomtcsufESifh ywfoufí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ oHk;oyfcsufukd azmfjyaythH/
ocifjrwfqkdif wifjyaom pum;&yfwGif rnfonfhpum;vHk;udk ûzwfxm;cJhaMumif; odEkdifap&ef
aw0dZÆ0päokwf rl&if; ygVdESifh ,if;\ jrefrmjyefukd xkwfjyvdkufayonf/
oAÁnKwÓPf qifjcifrSod
21/ bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfonf tvHk;pHkudkodaom oAÁñk? tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom
oAÁ'óm0D jzpfawmfrl\ qkd&mwGif tdyfaysmfaeckdufü vnf;aumif;? rqifjcifaom tckdufüvnf;aumif;
odjrifawmfrljcif; r½Sday/ tdyfaysmfaeckdufü b0ifpdwfwkdUom jzpfaeukef\/ xkdb0ifpdwfwkdUonf
tm½Hk½Sdonf qkd½HkrQom jzpfukef\/ wpfpHkwpf&mudk uGJuGJjym;jym; odjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdifukef/ xkdenf;wlpGm
rqifjcifaom tckdufüvnf; odjrifawmfrljcif; r½Sd/ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh qifjcifawmfrlrSom
odjrifjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdif\/
22/ Oyrm tpGrf;xufjrufaom rSefajymif;BuD;ukd vuf0,fydkifydkifudkifxm;oltm;
tdyfaysmfaeaomfvnf;aumif;? toHk;rûyaomfvnf;aumif; rSefajymif;\ xufjrufaompGrf;tm;rSm
rxif½Sm;aomfvnf; rSefajymif;udk tpGrf;xufjrufrI r½Sd[k rqkdomouJhodkU xkdUtwl tdyfaysmfaeckduf
rqifjcifckdufü rodrjrifaomfvnf; tvHk;pHkudkrod[kvnf;aumif;? tvHk;pHkudk rjrif[kvnf;aumif;
rqkdomacs/ þtaMumif;udk aw0dZÆ0päokwft|uxmü atmufygtwkdif; ½Sif;vif;jyxm;ayonf/
(u) oAÁñl oAÁ'óm0D ty&daooH ÓP'óeH y#dZmemwDwd [d £'H tEkZmedwAÁH od,m?
(c) p&awm p ar/y/ ypöKy|dwEÅd £'H ye emEkZmedwAÁH?
(*) oAÁñkwnmaPe [d tm0ZÆdwGm yZmemwd (r | 3? 136/)
t"dyÜm,fqkdvdkcsuf
(u) tvHk;pHkudk od\? tvHk;pHkudk jrif\? t<uif;rJhÓPftjrifudk 0efcH\ [laom pum;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0efcHawmfrl&m\/
(c) oGm;aeonf jzpfap &yfaeonf jzpfap tdyfaysmfaeonf jzpfap Ekd;Mum;aeonf jzpfap
tNrJrjywf tcgcyfodrf; ÓPftjrif a½S;½Ixif\ [laom pum;udkom jrpfy,fawmfrl\/
(vufcHawmfrrl)/
(*) oAÁñkwÓPfjzifh qifjcifrSom tvHk;pHkudk odawmfrl\/
wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh odolr½Sd
23/ oAÁñkwÓPfESifhpyfí rZÑdryPÖmoygVd uPÖuw¬vokwf ESm 328-329-ü vmaom
om"uudk xkwfaqmifí ½Sif;vif;jy&ayOD;rnf/ tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf uPÖuw¬v
trnf½Sdaom awm0,f aeawmfrl\/ xkdpOfu yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHokdU
csOf;uyfí oAÁñkwÓPfESifh ywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oHo,uif;atmif ar;zl;avNyD/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;tvHk;pHkudk odaom w&m;tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom t<uif;rJh ÓPftjrif ½Sd\[k
0efcHEkdifaom orP aomfvnf;aumif; jAm[®aomfvnf;aumif; r½SdEkdif? þodkU 0efcHEkdifaom taMumif;rsdK;
r½SdEkdif[k &[ef;a*gwru ajymqkdaMumif; tuREkfyf Mum;od&yg\/y/ þodkU ajymqkdMuolrsm;onf
bk&m;pum;twkdif; ajymqkdjcif; [kwfygoavm? pGyfpGJ&m ra&mufygoavm? uJh&JU&m ra&mufygoavm}}/
24/ þuJhodkU yaóe'Daumovrif;u avQmufxm;aomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u
atmufygtwkdif; jyefíajzMum;av onf/
]]rif;BuD; w&m;tvHk;pHkudkom odaom w&m;tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom t<uif;rJh ÓPftjrif ½Sd\[k
0efcHEkdifaom orPaomfvnf;aumif; jAm[®Paomfvnf;aumif; r½SdEkdif/ þodkU 0efcHEkdifaom
taMumif;rsdK; r½SdEkdif[k &[ef;a*gwru ajymqkdaMumif; (vdkufvH owif;vTifhaeMuolrsm;onf)
ighpum;twkdif; ajymjcif;r[kwf? ighukd pGyfpGJ&m a&muf\/ uJh&JU&m a&muf\}}
25/ bk&m;½Sif\tajzpum;udk Mum;aomtcg aumovrif;BuD;u atmufygtwkdif;qufí
ar;avQmufjyefavonf/
]]t½Sifbk&m; vlawG em;vnfwmu wjcm;? bk&m;a[mwmu wjcm;jzpfaeygonf/
½Sif;jyawmfrlyg bk&m;}}
aumovrif;\ tar;pum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u atmufygtwkdif; wdwdusus
½Sif;jyawmfrlavonf/
Ak'¨udk,fawmfwkdif oAÁnK[k0efcHyHk
29/ or®morÁK'¨ (oAÁñk)ESifhpyfvsOf;í bk&m;udk,fwkdif 0efcHxm;yHkudkvnf; om"utjzpf
xkwfaqmifjyvdkufayOD;rnf/ aumovoH,kwf'[m&okwfwGif yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;u
jrwfpGmbk&m;xH csOf;uyfí þodkU ar;avQmuf zl;avonf/
]]b0rÜd aem a*gwarm tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbdorÁKa'¨gwd yZmemwd}} (oH 1? 68/)
jrefrmjyef
]]t½Sifa*gwronfvnf; twkr½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPfudk odol[lí 0efcHygoavm}}/
xkdokdYar;avQmufaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u twdtvif;0efcHaMumif; atmufygtwkdif;
rdefUMum;awmfrlonf/
]]t[H [d r[m&mZ tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbdorÁKa'¨g}} (oH 1/ 68/)
jrefrmjyef
]]rif;BuD; rSefvSay\/ igonf twkr½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPfudk odawmfrl\}}/
30/ þaumovoH,kwf '[&okwfü bk&m;udk,fwkdif (oAÁñk) jzpfaMumif; 0efcHxm;csuf
twdtvif;½Sdygvsuf tbd"r®mq&mpdefqkdolu r,HkMunfEkdifjcif;rSm rdpäm'd|d rdpämouFyÜ oabmrSvGJí
tjcm;oabmrjzpfEkdifacs/
31/ Ak'¨u þuJhodkU oAÁñkjzpfaMumif; 0efcHaomtcg yaóe'Daumovu
wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh uGmjcm;yHkudk þodkU avQmufxm;jyefonf/ ]]t½Sifa*gwr yl&Puóy paom
q&mBuD;wkdUukd oAÁñkwÓPf½Siftjzpf 0efcHyg oavm[lí tuREkfyf udk,fwkdifar;&m oAÁñktjzpf
olwkdU0efrcHMuyg/ t½Sifa*gwronf t½G,fvnf;i,f\/ &[ef; ûyopfpvnf; jzpf\/ odkUjzpfvsuf
tb,fhaMumifh oAÁñk[k 0efcHygoenf;}}/
aumovrif;u þodkU ar;jref;aomtcg Ak'¨u ]]rif;udkvnf;aumif; a>rudkvnf;aumif;
rD;udkvnf;aumif; &[ef;udkvnf;aumif; þ 4-rsdK;udk i,fonf[k txifrao;oifhaMumif;}} rdefUawmfrl\/
þ'[&okwfawmfü Ak'¨onf oAÁñkwÓPfudk xkd;xGif;í od\(&\) [k twdtvif;0efcHawmfrlonfudk
awGU&ayonf/
32/ þokwfü wdw¬dwkdUu oAÁñktjzpf 0efrcH? a*gwrbk&m;uom oAÁñktjzpf 0efcHonfudk
awGU½Sd&ayonf/ þodkU bk&m;a[myd#uwfusrf;*ef txift½Sm; ½Sdygvsuf or®m'd|dtzGJUcsKyf\
oabmw&m;a&;&m wm0efcHwpfOD;jzpfaom tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ ]]t|uxmq&mwkdUonf Ak'¨\
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk csD;ajrmufa&;om;&mü xdkoAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonfqkdaom wdw¬dq&mBuD;wkdUukd
tnhHrcHvdkonfu wpfaMumif;? Ak'¨udk tjcm;t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdUESifh cGJjcm;xm;vdkaomaMumifh Ak'¨onf bmrqkd
tMum;tjrif tod½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonf[k jyqkdMu[ef wl\}} [laom a&;om;csufonf
t|uxmq&mwkdUukd jyuf&,fûyjcif; bk&m;ocifukd apmfum;jcif;jzpfí t"r®0g'DwkdU\ rawmfrw&m;
pGyfpGJa&;om;jcif;om jzpfonf[lí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
ygVdawmfwkdUü vm½SdyHk
33/ pk'dwutzGJUom;wkdUu ¤if;wkdU\ xifjrifcsufoufoufjzifh oAÁñkwÓPf[lonf
t|uxmq&mwkdU vkyfBuH xm;aom *kPfyk'f jzpfav[ef a&;om;xm;&m t|uxmwkdU vkyfBuHa&;om;csuf
r[kwfrlí tbd"r®mygVdawmfwkdYüyif vm½SdaMumif;udk xyfrH azmfjyayOD;thH/
]]uwarm p yk*¾avm or®morÁKa'¨g? £a"uapöm yk*¾avm ykAÁteEkókawok "ar®ok
omrH opömed tbdorÁKZÑwd? ww¬ p oAÁñkwH ygykPmwd? Aavok p 0oDbm0H? t,H 0kpöwd
yk*¾avm or®morÁKa'¨g}} (tbd 3/ 117/)
(yk*¾vynwåd ygVdawmf)
jrefrmjyef
or®morÁK'¨yk*¾dKvf[lonf tb,fenf;? þavmuü tcsdKUaom yk*¾dKvfonf a½S;u
rMum;zl;ukefaom w&m;wkdUü udk,fwkdif opömwkdUukd xkd;xGif;í od\/ xdkopömw&m;wkdUü tukeftpif
odjrifjcif; (oAÁñktjzpf) okdUvnf;aumif;? tm;awmfq,fwef ÓPfawmfq,fyg;wkdUü
avhvmEkdifeif;jcif;okdYvnf;aumif; a&muf\/ þyk*¾dKvfudk or®morÁK'¨[k qkdtyf\/
rSwfcsuf/ / yapöuorÁK'¨yk*¾dKvftaMumif; a[m&müum; ]]e p ww¬ oAÁñkwH
ygykPmwd=xkdopömw&m;wkdUü oAÁñktjzpfodkU ra&muf}} [k vm½Sd\/ þygVdawmfudkaxmufí
opömav;yg;udk odjcif;wlaomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh yapöuAk'¨gwkdU todcsif; uGmjcm;aMumif;
tjcm;t&d,mwkdUESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm omíyif uGmjcm;rnf jzpfaMumif;udk rSwfom;xm;oifh\/
obm0,kwådazmfjycsuf
34/ bk&m;a[mygVd aom"u tm*r,kwådtm;jzifh oAÁñkwÓPf½SdyHk a*gwrbk&m;½Sif
oAÁñkwÓPf&½SdyHkwkdUukd jyNyD;aemuf avmuobm0,kwådtm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;taejzifh oAÁñkwÓPf
&½SdyHkudk jyOD;tHh/
yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufü todÓPf ynm½Sdvm&efrSm (xl;jcm;aom yg&rD½Sifrsm; r[kwfvQif)
tcsdef,lum qE´ 0D&d, orm"dwkdUjzifh avhvmêud;ukwf tm;xkwfqnf;yl;&NrJ jzpfayonf/ rsufjrifavmu
ynmoif,laeMuaom ausmif;om;b0udk avhvmvQif 3-ESpf? 4-ESpfom ynmoifMum;EkdifolwkdUonf
rlvwef;tqifh ynmavmufom wwfajrmufMu\/ 6-ESpf? 7-ESpf oifMum;EkdifvQif tv,fwef;tqifh?
xkdxuftcsdef,lum avhvmtm;xkwfygvQif txufwef;tqifh wuúodkvftqifh ponfh tqifhjrifynmudk
&½SdEkdifayonf/ þum; a,bk,soabmudk ûcHiHk oHk;oyfjcif; jzpf\/
a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûyay;jcif;
38/ a'0'wfukd &[ef;ûycGifh ay;jcif;aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a'0'wf\ a½S;tjzpfukd rod?
jrwfpGmbk&m;ü oAÁñkwÓPfr½Sd[k or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUem,u q&mpdefu trSefw&m;okawoe
trSwf(1) pmapmifü pGyfpGJ a&;om;cJh\/ a½S;tjzpf[k qkd&mü jzpfvwåHUaom tem*wfudk qkdvdk[ef
ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;
40/ oAÁñkwÓPf&ygvsuf tb,faMumifh Ekwfy,foifhaom ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;udk
Ekwfy,fMuyg[k rdefUawmfrl&ygoenf;[lí q&mpdefu apm'emxm;\/ oAÁñkwÓPf r½Sdíom xkduJhodkU
rdefUawmfrljcif;jzpf\[k q&mpdefwkdU\ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUu ,lqcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/
apm'uq&mawmfwkdUu ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfy,fypfMuavmh}} [k
wpfxpfcs ckdif;awmfrrlbJ Ekwfy,fvdku Ekwfy,fMu[kom ckdif;awmfrlcJhaMumif;ESifh xkdokdU
rdefUMum;awmfrljcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufESpfrsdK;udkyg ('D #D 2? 186) tudk;tum;jzifh 0daooapm'emü
wifjycJhMuayonf/
41/ 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf rl&if;jzpfaom ygVdawmfudk Munfh½Iaomtcg 'DCedum,
r[m0*¾ygVd r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü-
]]tmucFrmaem tmeE´ oHaCm rrpöa,e ck'´gEkck'´umed odu©my'ged orl[ewk}}
('D 2? 127/)
[k awGU½Sd&onf/
jrefrmjyef
]]tmeE´m oHCmawmfonf ig uG,fvGefaomtcgü tao;tEkyfodu©myk'fwkdUukd Ekwfy,fvdkaomf
Ekwfy,favavmh}} [k jzpf\/
þwGif q&mpdefu ]]Ekwfy,fvkdcJhaomf}} [laom pum;udk csefxm;í ]]Ekwfy,foifhaom}} [laom
pum;udk xnfhoGif; xm;&m a[mawmfrl&if; pum;awmfESifh tmabmfvGJaeayonf/ q&mpdef a&;om;cJhaom
(8) trSwfjy pum;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunhfyg/
rl&if;pum;awmfrSm ]]Ekwfy,fvkdcJhaomf Ekwfy,fav}} [k a[mawmfrl&um; ]]rEkwfy,fvdkaomf
rEkwfy,fESifh}} [laom t"dyÜm,fpum;us oufa&mufawmhonfom jzpf\/
xkdokdU rdefUawmfrljcif;\ taMumif;rSmvnf; ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk rusifhBuHvdkMuaom
yk*¾dKvfwkdU\ tvdk(yk*¾vZÑmo,) tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? omoemawmfESifh oHCmawmfwkdU\
BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfyHkudk xif½Sm;apvdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; rdefUMum;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ukd om&w¬'DyeD#Dum
wwd,wGJ (ESm-499) ü jyqkdxm;onf/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdUuvnf; þt"dyÜm,frsdK;udk 0daooapm'emü
jyqkdNyD; jzpf\/
0dZÆmoHk;yg;
44/ q&mpdefu ]]0dZÆmoHk;yg;onf &[EÅmwkdif; &½Sdaom todÓPf jzpf\/ þodkUqkdygrl Ak'¨ESifh
&[EÅm rnfodkU jcm;em;ygoenf;}} [k a&;om;cJhjyef\/
0dZÆmoHk;yg;udk &[EÅmwkdif; r&Mu/ tcsdKUaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwkdUom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;udk &MuaomaMumifh
q&mpdef\ pum; onf tpuyif rSm;,Gif;cJhavNyD/ xif½Sm;apOD;tHh/
£wd0kwåuygVd aw0dZÆokwf ESm-261? rZÑdryPÖmoygVd aw0dZÆ0päokwf ESm 249-ponfwkdUt&
0dZÆmoHk;yg;[lonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPf? tmo0u©,ÓPfwkdU jzpfMuonf/
xkdoHk;rsdK;wkdYwGif t&[wår*fudk tmom0u©,[k qkd&aomaMumifh tmo0u©ÓPf[laom 0dZÆmonf
&[EÅmwkdif; &Mu\/ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPfwkdUum; psmeftbdnmOf&rS
jzpfay:EkdifaomaMumifh ¤if;ÓPfESpfrsdK;ukd &[EÅmwkdif; r&Mu? psmef tbdnmOf &aom &[EÅmwkdUom
&EkdifMuavonf/ xkdpum;rSef\/ ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf okodrokwfü rsm;pGmaom &[ef;wkdUonf
tom"m&PÓPfawmf
52/ þodkU om0uwkdUESifh qufqHí om0uwkdUüvnf;½Sdaom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUü jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh
om0u&[EÅmwkdU uGmjcm;Muonfomru &[EÅmom0uwkdU vkdufírrSDEkdifç &[EÅmom0uwkdUü r½Sd? jrwfpGm
bk&m;wkdUüom½Sdaom tmom"m&PÓPfawmfwkdUvnf; ½Sdao;\/
¤if;ÓPfawmfwkdUrSm-
(1) owå0gwkdU\ £a`E´t,kwf tjrwf tEkt&ifhudkodaom £NE´d,ya&my&d,wåÓPf/
(2) owå0gwkdU\ tmo, tEko,udk odaom tmo,mEko,ÓPf/
(3) tpHktpHkaom wefckd;jym#d[mudk jy&müjzpfaom ,ruyg#d[m&d,ÓPf/
(4) r[mu½kPmormywfESifhwuG jzpfaomÓPf/
(5) tvHk;pHkudkodaom oAÁñkwÓPf/
(6) twm;tqD;r½Sd odaom tem0&PÓPfwkdUjzpf\/
(y#dorÇd'gr*fVd? 4/ ¤if; t|uxm? y-54/)
þÓPfawmfwkdUjzifhvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh tjcm;&[EÅmwkdUonf uGmjcm;Mu\/
53/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf-375-ü &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf\ynmonf yapöuAk'¨g\ynmESifh
tvGefa0;uGm jcm;em;aMumif;ç &[EÅmudkaxmufí yapöuAk'¨gonf a0;uGmjcm;em;aom ynm½Sdol
(tomrEÅynm) rnfaMumif;ç yapöuAk'¨gESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ynmonf a0;uGmí yapöuAk'¨gESifh
wpfavmuvHk;udkaxmufí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tjrwfqHk; tuGmjcm;qHk;jzpfaom ynm½Sdyk*¾dKvf jzpfaMumif;
jyqkdxm;onf/
54/ ynmt&müomvQif uGmjcm;awmfrlonf r[kwfao;? oDvç orm"dç 0drkwådç 0drkwåd
ÓP'óe t&mwkdUüvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wpfavmuvHk;udk vTrf;ûcHpdk;rkd;Ekdif\/ omvGef awmfrl\
(0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxm? y? 201) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oDvç orm"dç ynm paom emrum,
(emrfw&m;taygif;) jzifhom uGmjcm;awmfrlonfr[kwfao;/ 32-yg;aom a,mufsm;jrwfwkdU\ vu©Pmç
ajcmufjzmaom a&mifjcnfawmf wkdUjzifh wifhw,faom ½lyum,awmfjzifhvnf; &[EÅmwkdUESifh
uGmjcm;ao;\/ þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EÅmwdkU ruGmjcm;vS[k xifaeaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdUuJodkUaom olrsm;twGuf t`rGufrQ jyqdkcsufwnf;/
55/ ]]oAÁñkwÓPfonf 0dZÆmokH;yg;wdkYudk MuGif;usefr½Sd xdk;xGif;NyD; odjrif&½SdcJhaom
ÓPfjzpf\}}[k q&mpdefu qdkjyefonf/ oAÁñkwÓPf[lonf-0dZÆmokH;yg;jzpfonf[k qdkvdk[ef wl\/
trSefrSm-0dZÆmokH;yg;onf om0uwdkUvnf; qufqH\/ oAÁñkwÓPfum; om0uwdkUESifh
rqufqH? oD;jcm;jzpf\/
okH;oyfcsuf
2/ þapm'empum;&yfwGif ]]"r®pMuma'oemawmfvm opöÓPf udpöÓPf
uwÓPfwdkUonf 0dyóemvrf;pOfw&m;wdkU jzpfMuygw,f}} [laom pum;&yfonf t`rGufrQom
jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? opöÓPfonf t&d,r*f\ a½SUtzdkUüvnf;aumif;? t&d,r*fcPü vnf;aumif;?
t&d,r*f\aemuftzdkUüvnf;aumif; jzpfonf/ udpöÓPfonf t&d,r*f\ a½SUtzdkUüomjzpfonf/
uwÓPfonfum; r*¾geEÅ&zdkvfrS aemuf ypöa0u©Pm tckdufüom jzpfonf\ tjzpfudk
uxm0w¬Krlv#Dumü þokdUjyqdkxm;ayonf/
]]y&dan,sEdÅ ykaAÁbma*g? y&dnmwEdÅ ty&bma*g? opöÓPH ye r*¾u©aPyd
y&dZmeem'dudpöom"e0aoe a[mwDwd tm[ o'¨ð ykAÁbm*y&bma*[Dwd}} (rlv #D 3? 112/)
xdkUaMumifh opöÓPf udpöÓPf uwÓPfwdkUonf 0dyóemvrf;pOfom r[kwf? 0dyóem
ÓPfESifhwuG t&d,r*fÓPf ypöa0u©PmÓPfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
3/ xdkapm'emudk pk'dwuwdkUu acsyaom"em&m0,f aom"empmydk'f (1) (2) (3) wdkUü
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ ]]Aka'¨g a[óH oa'0au oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} [laomygVdrsm;\
okwåeftñTef; pmydk'fpmrsufESmrsm; razmfjyojzifY vkyfBuHxm;aom ygVdrsm;Nzpfava&mYovm;[k
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7/ qifjcifawmfrlaomftcg 0dyóDç odcDç a0óbl bk&m;oHk;qlwdkUonf om0uwdkUtm;
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26/ þrQqdkcJhaom pum;pOfjzifh pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif\-
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a"m0eokwf t"dyÜm,frSef
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t*kFwå&t|uxm? wwd,? 335-ü-
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t½dk;jzpfí bk&m; &[EÅm olawmfaumif;BuD;rsm;\ "mwfawmf arGawmfrsm;ESifh rqkdifay/ xkdpum;rSef\/
'DCedum, r[m0*¾ygVd r[my&dedAÁmeokwf 117? t*kFwå& edum, pwkuúedygw xlyg&[okwf 567-
wkdUü-
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apwDxkdufaom bk&m; &[EÅm ponfwkdU\ "mwfawmfrsm;udk xyfwlxyfrQ r,lqoifhay/
4/ apwDrxkdufaom vlomrefwkdU\ t½dk;udk ylaZmf&mü tusdK;r½Sdaomfvnf; apwDxkdufaom
"mwfawmfarGawmfwkdUukd ylaZmf&müum; tusdK;rsdK;pGm ½Sd\/ tusdK;½SdaMumif;rSm-
,xm acg tmeE´ &anm puú0wådó o&Da& y#dyZÆEÅd? /y/ awoH wH b0dówd 'DC&wåH
[dwm, okcg, ('D? 2? 117)
[laom 'DCedum, r[m0*¾ygVdjzifh xif½Sm;\/
jrefrmjyef
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tavmif;awmfüvnf; aqmif½Guftyfay\/ vrf;rav;cGqHk&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDukd
wnfxm;tyfay\/ xkdapwDü tMuifolwkdUonf yef;udkjzpfap? eHUomudk jzpfap? eHUomrIefUukdjzpfap
wifrlvnf; wifukefvwåHU/ ½Sdckd;rlvnf; ½Sdckd;ukefvwåHU/ pdwfjzifhrlvnf; MunfñdkukefvwHh/
pu©K aomw Cme Zd0Sg um, re ½ly o'´ *E¨ &o azm|AÁ "r® [laom tm,we 12-
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(oVm,we0*¾oH,kwåygVd-246)/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf ocifjrwfqkdifonf jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmf ylaZmfjcif;udk rvdkvm;ojzifh
"mwfawmfylaZmfjcif;ü tjypfjyvkd&um; "mwfawmfESifh qifwl½kd;rSm; jzpfatmif "mwfav;yg;udk
a[maomokwfudkom xkwfjyxm;[ef wlayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; tvdkawmfrSm yx0D paom
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rylaZmfaumif;? rylaZmfoifh[laom teuf t"dyÜm,f rxGufay/
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wifhw,frIudk Munfh½Ií tm;r&Ekdifjzpfum jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd tNrJwap Munfh½Iae&jcif;iSm &[ef;ûycJhonf/
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jrwfpGmbk&m;onf o'¨gvGefuJí ynmÓPfenf;yg;vSaom 0uúvd&[ef;tm; todÓPf r&ifhusufao;rD
wpfpHkwpf&m ra[majymao;bJ todÓPf &ifhusufvmaomtcgrS ]]uð aw 0uúvd £rdem ylwduma,e
'da|e? 0uúvd ... oifhrSm þtaumifykyfudk Munfh½Iaejcif;jzifh tb,ftusdK; ½SdtHhenf;}} ponfjzifh
a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/ ("r®y't|uxm? 'k? 380? t*Fkwå&t|uxm? y? 195/)
þodkU &[ef;w&m; ur®|mef; ryGm;rsm;bJ tcsdefûzef;aeonfudk wm;jrpfí w&m;½IrSwfyGm;rsm;ap&ef
a[maomokwf jzpfayonf/ yk*d¾Kvftm;vHk;tm; bk&m;rzl;& wm;jrpfawmfrlonf r[kwfay/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd rqkdxm;bd oDv orm"d ynm ½Sdaom zl;jrifjcif;onfyif tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;pGm
½SdaMumif;udk-
a, aw bdu©a0 bdu©L oDvorÜEém orm"dorÜEém ynmorÜEém /y/ 'óerÜm[H bdu©a0
awoH bdu©LeH A[kyum&H 0'grd (ck?1?267)
[k £wd0kwfygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlonf/
xkdUjyif t*kFwå&edum,f t|uedygwf r[memrokwf ESm-56-ESifh ZD0uokwf ESm-58 ü ]]rdrdvnf;
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0wfxnfESifh ouFef;
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½kyftpkta0;[lí jrifNyD[k qkdrS y&rwftjrif aygufzG,f&m ½Sdayonf/)
cE¨m tm,we "mwkç tedpö 'ku© tewå paom pum;onf y&rwfe,fü rSefuef\/ yk*¾dKvfç
owå0gç vlç ewfç rdef;rç a,mufsm;-paom pum;onfvnf; orkwde,fü rSefuefonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfyif or®Kwdopömudk ry,fbJ ac:a0:ajymqkd oHk;EIef; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/ xkdUaMumifh
oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm 316-ponfwkdUü (oauFw0peH opöH? avmuor®Kwd u&PH) [k
ajymqkdxm;Muonf/
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cGJjcm;um qufqHMuavonf/ 0wfxnfzsOfpif;ESifh ouFef;ukd cGJjcm;odjrifwwfum bk&m; paom
t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdU 0wf½HkaomouFef;ukd ½dkaojrwfEkd;Muonf/ bk&m;tavmif;awmf q'´efqifrif;onfyif
aomEkwådK&frkqkd;\xHü ouFef;ukd jrifaomtcg t½dktao ûycJhzl;onf/ (Zmwft|uxm? yÍör? 51/)
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU wifjyaom ]]yaE¦ 'doGme umom0H}} paom ax&my'gefygVdawmf ESm-52-ESifh
]]yAÁZdw y&dabma*g [d tm*g&dumeH apwd,|meda,m}} [laom yg&mZduu@t|uxm 'k-67
wkdUonfvnf; ouFef;udk ½kdaoav;pm; oifhaMumif; jyqkd&mü om"u ajrmufMuayonf/
ûcHiHkoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfjcif;
qkdtyfcJhNyD;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyfaomf-
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf "mwfawmf arGawmf apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;udk ½Sdckd;ylaZmf&aom
udk;uG,f&aom 0g'jzpfí vlaovljzpfq&mESifh wynfhwkdU\ 0g'onf "mwfawmfarGawmf
apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;ukd r½Sdckd; rylaZmf&? trdIufo½dkuf[k ,lqaom 0g'jzpfojzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;0g'ESifh
qefUusifaomaMumifh t"r®0g' jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/
ylaZmfjcif;
5/ ylaZmfjcif;udkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu y,fcJh\/ aom"emvTmü ocifjrwfqdkifu
r[my&dedAÁmeokwf0,f a[mawmfrlaom ]]yef; eHUom wl&d,mjzifh ylaZmfjcif;xuf avmukwå&mw&m;
tm;avsmfpGm usifhoHk;jcif;onfom tjrwfqHk;ylaZmfouúm&rnf\}} [laom pum;&yfudk wifjyxm;\/
vlaovljzpfq&mu yef; eHUom ponfjzifh ylaZmfjcif;[k vnf;aumif;? tusifhjzifh ylaZmfjcif;[k
vnf;aumif; txl;rcGJjcm;bJ ylaZmfjcif;[k omrnqdkxm;aomaMumifh (tmrdoylZm? "r®ylZm)
ESpfrsdK;vHk;udkyif y,f&ma&muf\/ xdkUaMumifh pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyvmaom r[my&dedAÁmeokwfvm
tusifhjzifh ylaZmfjcif; [lonfudkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu y,fonf[kyif qdk&ayonf/
¤if;r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü a[mawmfrlonfrSmvnf; tjrwfqHk;jzpfaom ylaZmfouúm&udkom a[mí
qDrD;? tarT;wdkif? yef;eHUomponfjzifh ylaZmfrIudk vHk;0rûy&[k wm;jrpfawmfrlonf r[kwfay/ t*Fkwå&ygVd?
vdpä0dukrm&uokwf 68? ¤if;jrefrmjyef 83-ü
]]vuf½Hk;tm;udk;qnf;yl;í acR;'D;'D;us jzpfaptyfukefaom? w&m;ESifhavsmfukefaom? w&m;ojzifh
&tyfukefaom? x<uvHkvjzifh &tyfukefaom pnf;pdrf OpömwdkUjzifh orP jAm[®PwdkUudk t½dktao
tav;tjrwfûyaom ylaZmfaom trsdK;aumif;om;tm; BuD;yGm;wdk;wwfjcif;udkom arQmfvifhtyf\/
qkwf,kwf ysufqD;jcif;udk rarQmfvifhtyf}}[k a[mawmfrlonfudk axmufí ypönf;jzifh ylaZmfrI tmrdo
ylZmonfvnf; tusdK;rsm;aom tusifhaumif;wpfckjzpfaMumif; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
xdkokwfüqdkvdkonfrSm-
(1) tqif;oP²mefudkMunfhí tqif;oP²mefaumif;aomaMumifh Munfñdkol?
(2) olwyg;wdkY\csD;rGrf;oHudk Mum;&í toHMum;Munfñdkol?
(3) acgif;yg;pGm usifhBuHaexdkifonfudk jrifí Munfñdkol?
(4) oDv orm"d ynmw&m;udk odjrifí Munfñdkol
[k yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK; 4-pm;½Sdonf/
xdk 4-rsdK;wdkUwGif tqif;? toHudk yrmPûyol (yrmPûyíMunfñdkol)wdkYonf qE´&m* tvdkodkU
vdkufyg&í tZÑwåoEÅmefüjzpfaom *kPf? A[d'¨üjzpfaom tusifhudk rodukef? olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;aom
csD;rGrf;oHjzifhom arsmyg&awmh\/ tZÑwå? A[d'¨jzpfaom*kPfudk odolwdkUonfum; tqD;twm;r½Sd odjrif
onfjzpfí olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;oHjzifh rarsm&awmh[k qdkvdkonf/
xdkokwft& ]]oifwdkUonf oifwdkUMunfñdkaeaom tMunfñdkcHyk*¾dKvf\ ½kyftqif;oP²mefudk
jrif&½Hk? xdkyk*d¾Kvftm; olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;oHudk Mum;&½HkrQjzifh (½kyfjrif? oHMum;rQjzifh) ESpfouf auseyftm;&
raeMuvifhOD;/ xdkyk*d¾Kvf\ twGif;oEÅmefüjzpfaom oDv orm"d ynm*kPfESifh tyüjzpfaom
tusifhudkodatmif ûyygOD;}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m; qHk;rawmfrlvdk&if; jzpfayonf/ bk&m;½Sdrcdk;vifh? *kPfawmf
r½Gwfzwfvifh[k qHk;rawmfrlvdk&if; r[kwfay/ tMunfñdkcHyk*¾dKvf\ tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom*kPf?
A[d'¨oEÅmefüjzpfaom tusifhudk rodjrifbJ olwyg;wdkU ajymoHMum;rQjzifh Munfñdkaom olwdkUudkom
toHjzifharsmol[k qdk&onf/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;ol? *kPfawmf ½GwfzwfolwdkUudk toHjzifharsmol[k qdkonfr[kwf/
xdkUaMumifh ]]omoem\ qdkvdk&if;ESifh wjcm;pD}} [k rqdkvifh/ ocifjrwfqkdifonf ½lyokwf\
teuft"dyÜg,fudk usepGm r,lwwf aomaMumifhom xdkuJhodkU qdkrdjcif; jzpfavonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / toHt& olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;MuaomtoHudk ,ljcif;rSm yk*¾vynwådygVdawmf 162-vm
aCmoyÜrmPyk*¾dKvfudk tus,fjyaomygVdt& jzpfonf/
½Sdcdk;jcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif; tpOftvmonf &wemoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;pm;Muaom Ak'¨bmom0if
olawmfpifwdkU ûyavh½Sdaom tpOftvmaumif;wpf&yf jzpfayonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m; om0w¬djynfaepOfu tvGefrmeBuD;ojzifh rmew¬'¨rnfaom ykPÖm;onfyif
jrwfpGmbk&m; ajcawmf&if;ü 0yfpif;OD;cdkufum ½Sdcdk;NyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ]]tb,fyk*¾dKvfwdkUü rmeudk
rûy&moenf;? tb,f yk*¾dKvfwdkUü ½dkaorI? aumif;pGm ylaZmfrIudk ûy&oenf;}} [k ar;avQmuf&m
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]trd? tz? tpfudkBuD; (tpfrBuD;)? q&mwdkUü rmeudk rûy&m? ¤if;yk*¾dKvfwdkUü ½dkaorI?
aumif;pGmylaZmfrIudk ûy&m\}}[k a[mawmfrlonf/(o*gxm0*¾oH,kwåygVd? rmew¬'¨okwf-180)
aygu©&omwdykPÖm;BuD;onfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fol OygoumjzpfNyD;aemuf
atmufygtwdkif; avQmufxm;cJhonf/
t½dktaoûyjcif;
7/ ½dkaoxdkufaom olwdkUudk t½dktao ûyjcif;onf ]]*g&a0g p? ed0gawm p? oEÅK|d p?
uwnKwm}} paom r*Fvokwf ygVdt& aumif;usdK;w&m; wdk;yGm;aMumif; r*Fvmwpf&yf jzpfayonf/
yknud&d,0w¬K q,fyg;wdkUwGifvnf; wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifyif
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odNyD;p(bk&m;jzpfNyD;p) O½ka0vawm ae&OÆ&mjrpfurf; qdwfausmif;anmifyif&if;ü
aeawmfrlpOf ]]½dkaop&m? rSDcdkp&mr½SdbJaejcif;onf qif;&JvS\/ igonf tb,fodkUaom orPjAm[®Pudk
t½dktao tav;tjrwf trSDo[Jûyí ae&ygtHhenf;}}[k tBuHjzpf\/
xdkUaemuf udk,fawmfjrwfxuf omvGefí oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drkwåd *kPfwdkUESifh jynfhpHkaom
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomoludk rawGUjrif&um; ]]igonf (ig)xdk;xGif;í odtyfaom w&m;udkyifvQif
t½dktao tav;tjrwf trSDo[Jûyí ae&rlum; aumif;ay&m\}}[k tBuHjzpf\/ tBuHjzpfNyD;aemuf
[ka[mawmfrl\/
NrefrmNyef
tNrJ ½Sdcdk;avh½Sdí rdrdxuf *kPf touf odu©mtm;jzifh BuD;aomolwdkUü t½dktaoûyavh½Sdol
wdkUtm; touf½Snfjcif;? tqif;vSjcif;? csrf;omjcif;? cGeftm;BuD;jcif;[laom þtusdK;xl;w&m;
av;yg;wdkUonf wdk;yGm;ukef\/
þygVdawmf jrefrmjyefrsm;udkaxmufí rdrdxuf touf odu©m *kPfBuD;rm;aom olwdkUudk
t½dktao ûyjcif;onf bk&m;tavmif;paom olawmfaumif;wdkU\ aumif;aomtpOftvm? tusdK;rsm;aom
tusifh wpfyg; jzpfonf/ vlaovljzpfq&mESifh ol\ wynfhwdkUonfum; xdkt½dktaoûyjcif; tpOftvm
"avh xHk;pHudk wGef;vSefy,fzsufcJhojzifh tpOftvmaumif;wpf&yfudk csdK;jzwfaomolrsm;jzpfonf[k
a0zefawmf rlMuonf/
aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;
8/ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf 128-vm aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;udk jypfwifajymqdkjcif;ESifh
ywfoufívnf; Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\ aMu;pnfwD;jcif;? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;wdkUü &nf½G,fcsuf
3-csuf yg0ifaMumif; odxm;Mu&ef oifhonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm-
(u) &[ef;awmfwdkUtwGuf oHCmpnf;a0;jcif;?
(c) &[ef;? ½Sif? vl? ukodkvf½SifwdkUtwGuf ywåd'ge yknud&d,0w¬Kûyjcif;ESifh
(*) o'´'geûyjcif;wdkUyif jzpfonf/
(u) jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu &[ef;awmfwdkUonf aeUtcsdefwGif rdrdwdkU\ 'd0gXmeac:
aeUoefU&m ae&mwdkUü wpfyg;csif;aeí w&m;tm;xkwfMuonf/ wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;
pum;ajymqdkjcif; r½SdMuacs/ wpfpHkwpf&m taMumif;udpö½SdvQif odkUr[kwf wpfyg;yg;
rusef;rrmjzpfvQif ausmif;wvif;tv,fwGif qGJxm;aom ausmufpnf? pnfBuD;?
acgif;avmif;ponfwdkUudk wD;&onf? xdk;&onf/ xdkausmufpnf acgif;avmif;oHudk
Mum;&vQif rdrd\'d0gXmewdkUrS xGufum pnf;a0;&m nDrl&m wefaqmif;odkU tm;vHk;<uvm
Mu&onf/ þtaMumif;udk "r®y't|uxm? yxrtkyf? tnw&bdu©K0w¬K (ESm-184)?
oHudpöomraP&0w¬K (ESm-427)wdkUü tus,f Munfh½IEdkifayonf/
,if;wdkUudk trSDûyí ,cktcgüvnf; oHCmpnf;a0; nDrl&mjzpfaom pmcsjcif;?
bk&m;0wfwwfjcif;? oHCmpnf;a0;jcif;wdkUü aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;? tkef;armif;?
ausmufpnfwdkUudk wD;acgufxdk;ESufjcif; tpOftvm jzpfae&ayonf/
(c) xdkrSwpfyg; Ak'¨bmom olawmfpifwdkUonf rdrdwwftm;orQ 'ge ûyMuaomtcg xdk'ge\
tusdK;tmedoifudk rdrdrSwpfyg; rdb? q&morm;tpxm;í owå0ga0ae,swdkUtm;
Oykofapmifhjcif;
9/ Oykofapmifhjcif;udkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu r,HkMunf[kqdkum y,fzsufcJhjyefonf/
pk'dwuwdkU acsyvTmwGif jyefvnfíacsy aom"emxm;onfudk rawGU&/ þ Oykofapmifhjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
vu©P okwfü-
]],rÜd bdu©a0 wxm*awm yk&drH b0H yk&drH Zmwð yk&drH edauwH ykaAÁ rEkóblawm
ormaem 'Vorm'gaem ta[mod? ukoavok "ar®ok t0w¬dworm'gaem um,okp&daw
0pDokp&daw raemokp&daw 'geoH0dbma* oDvorm'gae Oaygoxky0gao}} ('D?3?119)
ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU ... jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a½S; arG;zGm;cJh&m Zmwd? a½S; jzpfcJh&m b0? a½S; aecJh&m bHkXmewdkUü
vljzpfpOftcgu ukodkvfw&m;wdkUü NrJNrHpGm aqmufwnf\/ rqkwfrepf aqmufwnf\/ um,okp½dkuf
0pDokp½dkuf? raemokp½dkufü vnf;aumif;? ay;urf;a0zefjcif;ü vnf;aumif;? oDvaqmufwnfjcif;ü
vnf;aumif;? OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;ü vnf;aumif; (NrJNrHpGmaqmufwnf\/ rqkwfrepfaqmufwnf\/
('D?3?199))
t*Fkwå&edum,? t|uedygwygVd? Oaygox0*f? oHcdwåLaygoxokwf jrefrmjyef 80-ü
]]&[ef;wdkU ... t*Fg½SpfrsdK;ESifh jynfhpHkaom usifhoHk;tyfaom Oykofonf tusdK;BuD;\/ tmedoif
BuD;\/ wefcdk;BuD;\/ BuD;aom ysHUESHUjcif;½Sd\}}ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/
xdkUtwl 0w¬wlaygoxokwf 84? 0domcgokwf 87? 0gao|okwf? aAmZÑ*Fokwf 90-wdkUüvnf;
t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom Oykof\ tusdK;BuD;rm;aMumif;udk a[mawmfrlNyD; aemufqHk;ü-
]]wo®m [d em&D p ea&m p oDv0g/
t|*FkaywH Oy0ókaygoxH/
yknmed uwGm e okckj',med/
tedE´dwm o*¾rkayEÅdXmeH/ (tH?3?90)
[ka[mawmfrlonf/
jrefrmjyef
xdkUaMumifhomvQif oDv½Sdaom rdef;rjzpfap a,mufsm;jzpfap wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olonf
t*Fg½SpfrsdK;½Sdaom Oykofudk usifhoHk;&m\/ (xdkrdef;r? a,mufsm;wdkUonf) csrf;omaom tusdK;udk jzpfap
wwfukefaom ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkUudk ûyukefaomaMumifh ruJh&JUtyfukefonfjzpfí ewfjynfodkU uyfa&muf
&ukef\/ (tif?jref?3?85-88)
þygVdawmfwdkUudk axmufí OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;trIonf tusdK;rsm;aom tusifhwpfckjzpfaMumif;
xif½Sm;onf/ Oykofapmifhjcif;udky,faom vlaovljzpfq&mwdkU\ 0g'onf tpOftvmaumif;udk csdK;zsuf
aom0g'jzpfonf[k a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
Moumouefawmhcef;ESifh a½TapwD
10/ xdkUaemuf apm'u yk*¾dKvfwdkYu a½Ttbd"r®m trnfcH olwdkY\ ar;cGef;aygif; (80)
teufrS-
(u) Moumouefawmhcef;ESSifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?
(c) bk&m;a½Tuyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?
(*) a½Twd*HkponfwdkUü tapmifhxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?
tapmifhxm;jcif;
12/ od'¨w¬jzpfaom bk&m;rSm olcdk;? "m;jy&efudk umuG,f&ef[k '&0rf wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
rxm;ygbJ a½Twd*HkwdkU? r[mjrwfrkedwdkUrSm '&0rfxm;aejcif;rSm Ak'¨0g'vm; jAm[®P0g'vm;[k
ar;cGef;xkwfwm;\/
þ rar;oifhaom ar;cGef;twGuf Ak'¨bmom0if wpfa,mufudk ajzqdkapvQif OD;a½TjynfhwdkUuJhodkU
bk&m; w&m;trSefudk r,HkMunfaom Aef;jybmoma&;orm;? ½kyf0g'D or®m'd|dokawoersm;\
&efudkaMumufí a½Twd*HkponfwdkUü tapmifhxm;&onf[k ajzqdkayvdrfhrnf/
trSefrSm oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh oufrJhapwDykxdk;rsm;onf rwlay/ oufawmfxif½Sm;
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ toufawmf? oAÁñkwÚmPfawmf? udk,fa&mifawmfESifh ypönf;av;yg;wdkUudk tEÅ&m,f
rûyEdkifaomfvnf; oufrJhapwDawmf\ ypönf;rsm;udk tEÅ&m,fûyEdkifolum; rsm;jym;vSbd\/ xdkodkU
rwl&um; oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh oufrJhapwDawmfudk t&mcyfodrf; rEdIif;,SOfoifhay/
xdkUaMumifh oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ü tapmifhrxm;aomfvnf; apwDawmfüum;
tapmifhxm;&rnfom jzpfonf/
yg&mZduu@t|uxm? y-313/ 0de,o*F[t|uxm 150-wdkUüvnf; -
]]apwd,ó 0g oHCó 0g oEÅaue apwd,ó oEÅuH &u©maywHk 0¥wd? apwd,ó
oEÅaue oHCó oEÅuH &u©maywHk e 0¥wd}}
[k rdefUqdk\/
t"dyÜg,fum; - apwD\Opömudk apwD\Opömjzifhvnf;aumif;? oHCm\Opömjzifhvnf;aumif;
apmifha½Smuf aptyf\/ oHCm\Opömudk apwD\Opömjzifh rapmifha½Smufaptyf-
[k qdkvdkonf/
xdkUjyif 0de,o*F[t|uxmü-
]] apwd,ó y'Dyw¬m& 0g c@zkv’y#docF&Pw¬m, 0g 'dEétm&marmyd Z*¾dwaAÁm?
a0weH 'wGmyd Z*¾gaywaAÁm/ a0weOyaew¬ apwd,oEÅurÜd oHCoEÅurÜd 'gwHk 0¥wd
(0de,o*F[? |?433)}}
[krdefU\/
jrefrmjyef
apwD\ qDrD;tusdK;iSmvnf;aumif;? usdK;onf ysufonfudk ûyjyifjcif;iSm vnf;aumif;?
ay;vªtyfaom t&Hudk apmifha½Smuftyf\/ tzdk;tc ay;íaomfvnf;aumif; apmifha½Smufaptyf\/
tzdk;tcudkvnf; apwD\ Opömudk vnf;aumif;? oHCm\ Opömudk vnf;aumif; ay;jcif;iSm tyf\/
13/ jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef pHNyD;aemuf <uif;usef&pfaom "mwfawmfwdkUudk ukodem½Hkjynfom;
rv’mrif;wdkUu tapmifhxm;í ylaZmfMuyHkudk -
apwDwnfxm;jcif;
15/ apwDwnfxm; udk;uG,fjcif;onf aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk &½Sdapaom trIudpö wpfckjzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfyif Am[d,(&[EÅm)\ "mwfawmfwdkUudk apwDwnfxm;&ef &[ef;wdkUudk apcdkif;cJhzl;\/
(O'geygVd? Am[d,okwf? 86)
t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ "mwfawmfwdkUudkvnf; xdkenf;wl apwDwnfxm; apcJhzl;\/ ('DCedum,?
r[m0*¾t|uxm? 144)
uóybk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmef pH0ifNyD;aomtcgüvnf; a½TapwDBuD; wnfxm;aMumif;udk "r®y'
t|uxm /'k?344? 444/ 0drme0w¬Kt|uxm 142-wdkUü awGU&\/
0dyóDjrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDtaMumif;udkvnf; r[m0*¾t|uxm 171-ü awGU&\/
apwDawmfü yef; eHUomponfudk wifxm;vª'gef;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; tusdK;rsm;yHkudk 'DCedum,?
r[m0*¾ygVdawmf 117-ü a[mawmfrl\/
tZmwowfrif; polwdkU jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmfwdkUudk apwDwnfxm;MuyHkudk 'DCedum,?
r[m0*¾ygVd 137-ü a[mawmfrl\/
apwDawmfudk ukefrsdK;pHka&mif;aom aps;½HkBuD;eSifh OyrmEdIif;í orÜwådtrsdK;rsdK; &½SdapEdkifaom
XmeBuD;tjzpf rdvdE´yO§mygVdawmf 323-ü jyqdkxm;\/
apwDawmfudk ukodkvfa½Ttdk; jr§KyfESH&m Xmewpfcktjzpf ck'´uygXygVdawmf? ed"du@okwf? ESm-10-ü
jyqdkxm;\/
xdkodkU jyqdkxm;aom ygVdawmf? t|uxmwdkUt& apwDwnfxm;jcif;? ûyjyifjcif;wdkUonf
aumif;usdK;csrf;om &½Sdapaom trIudpöwdkUom jzpfukef\/ pk'dwuwdkUonfum; apwDwnfxm;
ûyjyifjcif;wdkUudk rESpfoufzG,f[k ypfy,fcJhMuavonf/
(pGJqdkcsuf trSwf 12? apm'em aom"emü tus,fpdppfcJhNyD; jzpf\/)
16/ xdkUaemuf apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif twGJ (1)? trSwf (5)ü
OD;Ouú|a&;aom-
]]tckMunfhav? rlvwef;ausmif;u 6-ESpf? 7-ESpft½G,f vlrr,fuav;i,fupNyD; bk&m;½Sdcdk;udk
usufrSwfMu? csay;MueJU vkyfaeMuawmh}} -paompum;udk xkwfjyí OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨bmom
omoemawmf\ tajccHtkwfjrpfudk wl;ûzdcJhonf[k apm'emMu\/ or®m'd|dokawoeaom"emvTmü ¤if;udk
acsyonfh aom"emcsuf rawGU&/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"emvTmü ]]wynfhawmf\ orD;? ajr;rsm;udk yef;uyf? a&csrf;uyfapjcif;?
bk&m;½Sdcdk;apjcif;ponfwdkUudk wdkufwGef;ñTefMum;ay;vsuf ½Sdygonf}}[k awGU&av&m
olUq&mOD;Ouú|0g'udk olyif vufrcH? rvdkufem[kqdk&m a&mufaeonf/ q&mESifhwynfh qefUusifae\/
bk&m;½Sdcdk;oifay;jcif;
17/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;jcif;? o&P*Hkaqmufwnfjcif;? oDvaqmufwnfjcif; ponfwdkUonf
Ak'¨omoem\ tajcrlvwdkU jzpfonf/ ¤if;trIwdkUudk ydwfyifwm;jrpfu omoemawmfudk zsufonf[kyif
qdk&onf/ om;orD; rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;ponfwdkUudk trSefwu,f cspfonf cifonfqdkygu
bk&m;½Sdcdk;jcif;? o&P*Hk oDvaqmufwnfjcif;paom ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkUü wdkufwGef;&ayrnf/
xdkodkU wdkufwGef;oifhaMumif;rSm apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU wifjyaom temxydPfolaX;om; umv0w¬K
("r®y't|uxm? 'k-123)? r[m0*¾oH,kwf? 317-vm rdwåmrpöokwfwdkUjzifh xif½Sm;onf/ xdkUjyif
rdwå0dE´u\ rdcifonfvnf; rdwå0dE´uudk aiGaMu;ay;í Oykofapmifh w&m;em&ef wdkufwGef;cJhzl;\/ xdkodkU
wdkufwGef;jcif;onf ]]ygyged0ga&EÅ? uvsmaP eda0aoEÅd odyÜH odu©mayEÅd? ywd½laye 'ga&e oHa,maZEÅd?
ora, 'g,ZÆH ed,sma'EÅd}}[k od*FgvowdkUom;tm; a[mtyfaom -
raumif;jrpfwm? aumif;&mñTefvwf? twwfoifap? ay;a0ESD;&if;? xdrf;jrm;jcif;vQif? 0wfig;tif?
zcifr,fwdkUwm-
[laom rdbwdkU usifh0wfudk ûyusifhonfvnf; rnf\/
aumif;&mñTefvwfqdkonfrSm temxydPfolaX;u olUom;umvudk wdkufwGef;ouJhodkU qkvmbf
ay;NyD;aomfrSvnf; oDvaqmufwnfjcif; ponfwdkUü 0goemxHkapjcif; jzpfonf/
ûcHiHkoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfjcif;
18/ qdktyfcJhNyD;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyf a0zefNyD;aemuf qDrD;tcdk;wdkif
nd§xGef;jcif;? ylaZmfjcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif;? aMu;pnf acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;? *kPfawmf½Gwfzwfjcif;?
Oykofapmifhjcif;? apwDykxdk;rsm;udk wnfxm;jcif;? ûyjyifjcif;? tapmifh a*gyuxm;jcif;? a½Tuyfjcif;?
yef;uyfjcif;paom Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk y,f½Sm;&ef a[majym a&;om;
jzefUa0aeMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ 0g'onf ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfvm a'oemESifh
ajzmifhajzmifh qefUusifaomaMumifh ½kyf0g'DwdkU\ bmomomoem zsufqD;rIvkyf&yf t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/
qkay;Ncif;
16/ qkay;Ncif;ESifh ywfoufí bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif odMum;rif;tm; qkay;cJhaomxHk;
&Sdayonf/
]]{0H okcD a[mwk yOöoDc oauúm a'0gerdaE´m omrapöm oy&dZaem}} ('D? 2? 215)
yOöoDc. . . aumif;ayNyD? ewfwdkUudk tpdk;&aom odMum;rif;onf trwfESifhwuG tNcHt&H
y&dwfowfESifh wuG csrf;omygapownf; ('D? Nref? 2? 241) /
17/ bk&m;½Sifonf rdrdxHarSmufodkU uyfa&mufvsuf ½Sdcdk;aomol\ emrnfudk ac:í
qkay;pum; NrGufMum;awmfrlavhyHkudk rlvyPÖmo t|uxm? ESm-185-ü NrwfpGmbk&m;onf
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomol vma&mufí ½Sdcdk;onf&Sdaomf a½Trk½dk;pnfESifhwlaom vnfwdkifawmfudk csD;aNr§mufí
em;csrf;omzG,fç ESpfoufzG,f½Sdaom tûrdufa&pifNzifh oGef;avmif;onfESifh wlaom toHawmfudk
NrGuf[awmfrlum ]]udk,fpdwfESpfNzm csrf;omNcif; ½Sdygapownf;}} [lí xdkyk*¾dKvf\ emrnfudk
ac:awmfrlvsuf qkay;pum; NrGufMum;awmfrl\[k azmfNyxm;ayonf/
NAm[®P0g'[k pGyfpGJcsuf
18/ wpfzef or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu ]]edAÁmefr&rDpyfMum; wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU
aumif;usdK; qdk;NypftaeESifh vSnfhvnfaeonfhoabm t,ltqonf Ak'¨\ tewåa'oemESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaom twåoów0g'\ rSm;,Gif;aom t,ltqom Nzpfygonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU oabmusaom oDvcH,lNcif;ç qkay;qk,lNcif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif;wdkUudk
twåoów0g'ESifh qufEG,fí Ak'¨ryGifhrD omoemyumvu usifhoHk;vsuf½Sdaom NAm[®P0g'udk
tNrpfwG,fEdkifatmif usm;uefay;aeNcif;om Nzpfygonf}} ponfNzifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
wpfb0rSwpfb0odkU aNymif;a½TU&Ncif; usifvnf&Ncif; (oHo&m) vufcHcsufESifh ur®ç ur®0dygu-uHç uH\
tusdK; ,HkMunfcsufudk twåoów0g'[k pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfvsuf rsm;pGm aNz&Sif;oGm;Mu\/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ aNz&Sif;acsyvTmudk odrf;ûcHí aumufEIwfcsufcs&aomf-
(u) wpfb0rS wpfb0NzpfNcif; (oHo&m) ESifh aumif;usdK;qdk;Nypf (uH? uH\tusdK;)ç
oDvcH,lNcif;ç qkay; qk,lç oydwfoGwfNcif;wdkUonf twå0g' Nzpfonf/
(c) xdktwå0g'rsm; bk&m;yGifhcsdefü ikyfvQdK;ae&m bmoma&;acgif;aqmifwdkU
½dkufoGif;rIaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç apm'uq&mawmfrsm; usm;uefay;rIaMumifhvnf;aumif;
Nyefvnfa0qm xGef;um;vmonf[k Nzpf\/
txufyg pk'dwuwdkU acsycsuf ESpf&yfwdkUwGif b0oHo&mç uH-uH\tusdK; ,HkMunfrI ponfudk
twå0g'[k pGyfpGJaom (u)trSwfNy pum;Nzifh wpfb0rS wpfb0 (oHo&m)ü Nzpf&Ncif;ESifh ukodkvfuH\
aumif;usdK;ç tukodkvfuH\ raumif;usdK;ay;rIudk a[mMum;xm;aom NrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;a'oemwdkUudk
twå0g' (oów0g')[k xyfrHí pGyfpGJ&ma&mufonfhNyif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ qkawmif;Ncif;ç
oDvcH,lNcif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif; paom bmoma&; ukodkvfvkyfief;rsm;udk xdyg;ykwfcwf uJh&JU½Iwfcs
tremy aNyma[m a&;om;aeMuygonf/ ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;\ tqdktrdefUESifh qefUusif&m
a&mufaeygonf-[laom apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu 0efcH&m a&mufaeonfudk awGU&\/
pk'dwuwdkU\ (c)trSwfNy pum;Nzifh qkawmif;Ncif; ponfudk ûyvkyfMuaom
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUudkvnf; uJh&JU½Iwfcs ykwfcwfvsuf ½Sdygonf [laom apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\
apm'emwifcsufudkvnf; 0efcHxm;Muonfudk awGU&\/ tNcm;olwdkU\ vGwfvyfpGm ,HkMunfudk;uG,f
qnf;uyfrIudk vdkufvHzsufqD;aeMuNcif; Nzpf\/
oHo&myO§m (oHo&mNyóem)
26/ oHo&m[lonf tb,fygenf;[k rdvdE´rif;u t½Sifem*aoetm; ar;avQmufaomaMumifh
vlNydef; em;vnfap&ef vG,fvG,f aNzMum;xm;onfudk þodkU awGU&\/
rif;MuD; . . . þt&yf þbHkü Nzpfí þt&yf þbHküyifvQif ao\? þt&yf þbHkü aoí
wyg;aom t&yf wyg;aom bHkü NzpfNyef\? xdkt&yf xdkbHkü aoí wyg;aom t&yf wyg;aom bHkü
NzpfNyef\? rif;Nrwf þodkUvQif oHo&monf Nzpf\-[k t½Sifem*aoeu rdefUqdk aNzMum;\/ (rdvdE´yO§m
NrefrmNyef-88-89)
27/ udavomudk y,fzsufEdkifaom t&[wår*fÓPfawmfudk r&ao;onfNzpfí todef;ru
rsm;pGmaom b0oHo&mywfvHk; usifvnfcJh&aMumif;udk NrGuf[awmfrlaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\
taeuZmwdoHom&H paom yxrAk'¨0pe- a½S;OD;aom pum;awmfNzifhyif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ wpfb0rS
wpfb0NzpfNcif; (oHo&m)udk vufcH,HkMunf ,lqrIonf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJonfh
twå0g'vnf; r[kwf? oów0g'vnf; r[kwf? twå oów0g'vnf;r[kwf? NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif\
tewåabmiftwGif;u 0g' NzpfaMumif; odom xif½Sm;vS\/
xdkUaMumifh-
]]taeuZmwdoHom&H? oE¨m0dóH tedAÁdoH}} (ck? 1? 36)
xdkt&[wår*fÓPfawmfudk r&ao;onf Nzpfí b0rsm;pGm oHo&mywfvHk; usifvnfcJh&avNyD [lí
bk&m;NzpfvQif Nzpfcsif; NrwfpGmbk&m; rdefUMum;cJhavNyD/
28/ wyfrufwG,fwm om,mrIwPSm ork',opöm ruif;ao;orQ umvywfvHk;
b0topftopfü cE¨mig;wef ½kyfemrf[laom 'ku©opöm xyfí xyfí Nzpfrnfudkvnf;aumif;?
wPSmuif;Nywfaomtcgü b0topf wpfzef Nyefí rNzpfawmhyHkudkvnf;aumif; NrwfpGmbk&m;\
udk,fawGUusifhpOf a½S;OD;pGm a[mMum;tyfaom "r®pMuma'oemawmfrS atmufyg pum;awmfNzifhyif
wpfb0rS wpfb0oHo&mrSm twå0g'r[kwf NrwfpGmbk&m;0g' NzpfaMumif; odom xif½Sm;\/
,m,H wPSm aygaemAÇ0dum=tMuif wPSmonf b0topfü Nzpfapwwf\/
t,rEÅdrm Zmwd ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0g=þum; aemufqHk;b0wnf;? ,cktcg b0topfü Nzpf&Ncif;
r½SawmhNyD? wpfyg;aom b0opfrnfonf r½SdawmhNyD/
uH uH\tusdK;
30/ wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU Nzpf&usifvnf&Ncif; (oHo&m)udk xkwfaqmifNyNcif;Nzifh uH
uH\tusdK;ay;udk NyqdkNcif;udpö NyD;pD;Edkifaomfvnf; ydkí ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom uH\NzpfaMumif;ESifh
uH\tusdK;ay; tqufqufaom b0wdkUü uH\tusdK; cHpm;&yHkudk xkwfaqmifNyvdkao;\/
,H bdu©a0 avmbyuwH ur®H avmbZH avmbed'geH avmbrk',H (tH? 1? 133)/ (ponf)
]]&[ef;wdkU . . . taMumif;uHudk avmbonf ûytyf\? avmbaMumifh Nzpf\/ avmbvQif
taMumif;ed'gef; ½Sd\/ avmbvQif taMumif;ork', ½Sd\? tMuifbHkü xdkuHonf tusdK;ay;\? xdkbHk0,f
rsufarSmufb0üaomfvnf;aumif;? 'kwd,b0üaomfvnf;aumif;? tqufqufaom b0ü
aomfvnf;aumif; xdkuH\ tusdK;udk cHpm;&\}} [k ed'geokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl\/
xdkUNyif t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? yOöuedygwf? okreokwf 27-28? ¤if; NrefrmNyef 35?36 ü vnf; --
o'¨gç oDvç ynm wlrQaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom0uESpfOD;wdkUwGif wpfOD;onf
ay;vªwwfí wpfOD;um; ray;vªwwf? xdkolESpfOD;wdkU aoNyD;aemuf ewfNynfavmuodkU vm;a&mufMuvQif
ewfNzpfcsif; wlaomfvnf; ay;vªwwfolonf ray;vªwwfoludk ewfü Nzpfaom toufç tqif;ç csrf;omç
oDvcH,lNcif;
33/ oDvESifh ywfoufí aom"emMu&mü or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf t,l0g'ESifh
pyfí NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif rlcsvrf;ñTefxm;aom auorkwådokwfç omVokwfvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk vGefpGm
NrwfEdk;Muolrsm; Nzpfygonf[k aom"emxm;Muaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkU\ aNz½Sif;csufrsm;rSm vlaovlNzpf
t,ltqabmifrS rausmfvGefonfhNyif vlaovlNzpfq&m\ pum;vHk;rsm;udk rsm;pGm
oHk;EIef;aNz&Sif;xm;onfudk awGU&\? igwdkU av;pm;aom &[ef;(OD;Ouú|)\ pum;rS trSefw&m;
Nzpfonf[laom pGJvrf;csufMuD;Nzifh pGJ,lxm;yHkrSm ay:vGifaeayonf? xdkUaMumifh auorkwådokwfudk
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif NyefvnfqefUusifaeMuayonf/
oydwfoGwfNcif;
36/ oydwfoGwfNcif;ESifh ywfoufí ocifNrwfqdkifu oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf?
todAE¨uykwåokwf ESm-493-udk &nfñTef;ygonf[lí aom"emxm;\? xdkokwft& aooltwGuf
oydwfoGwfvnf;rxl;? oydwfoGwfvnf; rxl;? odkUNzpfí oydwfoGwfNcif;onf tydktvkyf[k aom"emvdkyHk
&onf? xl; rxl; ¤if;todAE¨uykwåokwfudk tusOf;csKyf avhvmMunfhoifh\? xdkUaemuf
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ aooltwGuf oydwfoGwfyHkESifh ,SOfMunfh&rnf? odkUrS xl;Ncm;csuf ay:vGifvmrnf
Nzpfayonf/
todAE¨uykwåokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif a[mMum;onfrSm ygPmwdygwpaom raumif;rI
tukodkvfrI ûyvkyfaeaom yk*¾dKvfudk vltaygif;u pka0;í þolaoNyD;aemuf ewfNynfodkU a&mufygap[k
awmif;yefonf Nzpfap pifppf xdkolonf i&JodkU a&muf&m\? ygPmwdygw0d&wd paom ukodkvfaumif;rI
ûyvkyfaeoludk vltaygif;u pka0;í þolaoNyD;aemuf i&JodkU a&mufygap[k awmif;yefonfNzpfap?
csD;rGrf;onfNzpfap? vuftkyfcsDvsuf xuf0ef;usifrS vdkufonf Nzpfap pifppf xdkolonf ewfNynfodkU
a&muf&m\ [lí Nzpf\/
37/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU aooltwGuf &nfrSef;í oHCmawmfwdkUtm; qGrf; ouFef;
qufuyfvª'gef;NyD; trQa0 (oydwfoGwf) &mü txufyg todAE¨uykwåokwfü a[mMum;onfhtwdkif;
vltaygif; pka0;í aooludk ewfNynfa&mufygap[k awmif;yefaeNcif;ç csD;rGrf;aeNcif;ç vuftkyfcsDrdk;
½Sdcdk;vsuf vdkufygaeNcif;rsdK; r[kwfay/
(y0wåuH - om&w¬) y0wådwH a'oemÓPrÜd "r®puúH emr/ Ob,rÜd a[wH 'oAvó Oa&
y0wåÓPar0 (oH? |? 3? 328)
NrefrmNyef t"dyÜm,f
"r®puf (w&m;puf) [lonfum; xdk;xGif;í odwwfaom ÓPfawmfESifh w&m;awmfudk
a[maMumif;Nzpfaom ÓPfawmfESpfyg;udk ,l&rnf[k qdkvdk\/
csJUOD;tHh? aAm"dyifaNc yv’ifaAGü xdkifaeawmfrlaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\ opömav;yg;wdkUüNzpfaom 12-
yg;aom tNcif;t&m½Sdaom y#da0"ÓPfawmfonfvnf;aumif;? £odyweawmü xdkifaeawmfrlaom
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 12-yg;aom tNcif;t&m½Sdaom opöma'oemudk Nzwfapwwfaom a'oemÓPfawmfonf
vnf;aumif; "r®puf (w&m;puf) rnf\/
rSef\? þÓPfawmfESpfyg;onf NrwfpGmbk&m;\ &ifüNzpfaom ÓPfawmfcsnfhomwnf;/
þt|uxmESifhtnD ]]"r®puú}} [laomyk'fonf ]]tqufquf vnfwwf Nzpfwwfaom
y#da0"ÓPf}} [laom teufudk a[monf? (xdk y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfawmfudkyif tqufquf
vnfwwf Nzpfwwfaom aMumifh w&m;puf[k ac:qdk&onf/)
om&w¬'DyeD#Dum? wwd,tkyf? ESm-181 üvnf; þt"dyÜm,frsdK;udkyif zGifhNyxm;onf? pum;tqdk
tenf;i,fom uGJvGJonf/
y0wåe\ teuf
y0wåe [laomyk'fonf (y-a½S;½Sdaom 0wk"mwf+,kypönf;? ,k-udk teNyKí NyD;aomyk'f Nzpfonf)
NzpfapNcif; Nzpfap&m NzpfapaMumif; [laom teufwdkUudk a[monf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
,if;apm'empum;&yfü ygaom (ps)trSwfNy ]]b0wPSm=b0\ tNzpfudk wG,fwmpGJrufNcif;}}
[laom pum;&yfonf ]]b0wPSmwd b0yw¬em (b0wPSm[lonf b0udk awmifhwNcif;wnf;)}} [laom
t|omvdeDt\uxm? ESm 94-üvmaom pum;&yfESifh nDñGwfouJhodkU xif&aomfvnf;
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; xkwfaqmifudk;um;onfh ,if;t|omvdeDt|uxm? ESm-398-üvmaom
]]½lyg½lyba0 wPSm b0wPSm ½lyb0 t½lyb0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf b0wPSmNzpfonf)}}[k
b0\t&udk ½lyb0ç t½lyb0[k 0daoorç í zGifhNyonfh pum;&yfu omvGefí
cdkifcHhaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; oar®m[0daem'eD t|uxm ESm 104-ü -
b0ESpfyg;ESifh t&aumuf
b0onf ur®b0ç Oyywådb0 [lí ESpfyg;tNym;&Sd\/
(1) ur®b0
xdkESpfyg;wdkUwGif yknmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom umrm0p&ukodkvf apwem 8-yg;ç
½lyg0p&ukodkvf apwem 5-yg;ç tyknmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom tukodkvfapwem 12-yg;ç
tmeOÆmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom t½lyg0p&ukodkvf apwem 4-yg; þavmuDukodkvf
tukodkvfapwem 29-yg;onf ur®b0 rnf\/
bHkb0odkU a&mufapwwfonf Nzpfí ]]b0*grduH}} [k ac:qdktyfaom apwemESifh ,SOfaom
tbdZÑmpaom w&m;wdkUonfvnf; ur®b0 rnf\/
xdkur®b0onf umrur®b0ç ½lyur®b0ç t½lyur®b0 [lí 3-yg;tNym;½Sd\/ xdk 3-
yg;wdkUwGif-
(u) umrukodkvf apwem 8-yg;? tukodkvf apwem 12-yg;onf umrur®b0 rnf\/
(c) ½lyukodkvf apwem 5-yg;onf ½lyur®b0 rnf\/
(*) t½lyukodkvf apwem 4-yg;onf t½lyur®b0 rnf\/
xdkUaMumifh -
ba0g 'k0ga"e tw¬d ur®ba0g? tw¬d Oyywådba0g/ ww¬ uwarm ur®ba0g?
ynmbdocFga&m tyknmbdocFga&m tmeOÆmbdocFga&m? t,H 0kpöwd ur®ba0g? oAÁrÜd
*0grdur®H ur®ba0g (tbd? 2? 143) /
[k 0dbif;ygVdawmfü bk&m;&Sifa[mawmfrlonf/
(2) Oyywådb0
uHaMumifhjzpf&aom tusdK;0dygufemru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonf Oyywådb0rnf\/
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rnf\/
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Zd0Smyom'? um,yom'? £w¦¬d bm0½kyf ykrÇm0½kyfMuOfaom ur®Z½kyf[k qdktyfaom
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ur®Z½kyfwnf; [laom cE¨mig;yg;onf trSwfonm½Sdaom onmb0 rnf\/
(i) tonowfbHküjzpfaom ZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mwpfyg;onf
(trSwfonmr&Sdaom) tonmb0rnf\/
(p) ae0onmeonm,we0dyguf pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom cE¨mav;yg;onf
ae0onmemonmb0 rnf\/ (½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom trSwfonm r½Sdjcif;aMumifh
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rqdkxdkufaomaMumihf ae0onmemonmb0[k qdkonf)/
(q) tonowfbHkü jzpfaom ZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mwpfyg;onf
{ua0gum&b0rnf\/
(Z) t½ly0dyguf pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom cE¨mav;yg;onf pwka0gum&b0 rnf\/
(ps) umr0dyguf? ½ly0dyguf pdwf apwodufESifh ur®Z½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mig;yg;onf
yÍöa0gum&b0 rnf\/ (0dok'¨d -2? 206-207/ tbd?|?2?175) (a0gum&o'´gonf
a&mjyGrf;aom cE¨m[laom teufudka[m\? cE¨mwpfyg;&Sdaom b0?
cE¨mav;yg;&Sdaomb0? cE¨mig;yg;&Sdaom b0 -[k qdkvdkonf/)
xdkUaMumifh 0db*FygVdawmfü -
ww¬ uwarm Oywådba0g/ umrba0g ½lyba0g t½lyba0g onmba0g
tonmba0g ae0onmemonmba0g {ua0gum&ba0g pwka0gum&ba0g
yÍöa0gum&ba0g? t,H0kpwåd Oyywådba0g -
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xdkUaMumihf r[meda'´o ygVdawmf? ,if;\ t|uxmwkdUü atmufygtwdkif; zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
b0gba0olwd b0gba0/ y/ umrba0/y/ ½lyba0/y/ t½lyba0
(r[meda'´o -36)/
{w¬ p umrba0 ½lyba0 t½lyba0wd Moumob0H oE¨m, 0kwåH
(r[meda'´o? |? 137)/
qufOD;tHh? þygVdü wnf&mjzpfaombHkudk &nf½G,fí umrba0 ½lyba0 t½lyba0 [lí
a[mawmfrltyfjyD/
xkdUjyif apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u -
ur®®Íö Oyywdåp Ob,arÜwrd" umrba0gwd 0kwåH? {oea,m ½lyg½lyba0ok
(r?|? 1? 223)/
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pum;&yfjzpfjcif;aMumifh -
o*F[awm ye ur®b0H Oyywådo0Oö {uawm uwGm umrkyg'geypö,m o'¨ ð
taEÅm*a"[d {aum umrba0g (0dok'd¨r*f? 2? 207) -
[laom 0dok'd¨r*f t|uxmESifh nDñGwfESD;aESmrd&um; oifhjrwfvSayonf/
umrbHküjzpfaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfrsm;udk umrb0ac:onf[laom apm'u q&mawmfrsm;\
pum;&yfonfvnf; t0w¬mb0udk &nf½G,faom t&mXme jzpfEdkifayonf/
jyqdkcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxmvm pum;&yfrsm;udk tcsif;csif;nd§í aumufEkwfcsuf
xkwf,lvdkufaomf -
(u) umrbHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHonfvnf;aumif;? xdkuHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK; 0dyguf
emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? umr 11-bHkonfvnf;aumif; umrb0rnf\/
(c) ½lybHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHonfvnf;aumif;? xdkuHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK; 0dyguf
emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? ½ly 16-bHkonfvnf;aumif; ½lyb0rnf\/
0db*FygVd pmrsufESm? 439?440- wkdYü ]]yXrH psmeH y&dwåH bma0wGm jA[®yg&doZÆmeH a'0geH
o[AswH OyyZÆHwd}} tp&Sdaom ygXfwdkUjzifh jA[®yg&doZÆm? jA[®yka&m[dwm? r[mjA[®m[laom yxrpsmef
3-bHk? y&dwåbm? tyÜrmPmbm? tmbó&mbm [laom 'kwd,psmef oHk;bHk? y&dwåokbm? tyÜrmPokbm?
okbudPSm[laom wwd,psmef oHk;bkH? a0[yædKvfbHk? tonowfbHk? t0d[mbHk? twyÜgbHk? ok'ómbHk?
ok'óDbHk? tued|bHk[laom pwkw¬psmef 7-bHk? þ½ly 16-bHkwkdUüjzpfaom jA[®mwkdUudk
oufwrf;ESifhwuG a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
0db*FygVd pmrsufESm 440? 441-wdkYü ]] tmumomeOöm,wEly*geH a'0geH udwåuH tm,kyÜrmPH?
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oufwrf;ESifhwuG a[mjyawmfrlonf/
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&nf½G,fcsufjzifh a&;om;aom t"r®®0g'omjzpfonf? Ak'¨0dyóem a&;olonf ½kyf0g'DjzpfaomaMumifh ol\
½kyf0g'udkvnf; ay:vGifap Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;ukdvnf; ysufpD;ap [laom tvdkqdk;jzifh wpfcsufckwf
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0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
ww¬ uwrH ½lyH/ pwåma&m p r[mblwm pwkEéOö r[mblwmeH Oyg'g, ½lyH/ £'H 0kpöwd
½lyH (tbd? 1? 256)/
xdkemrf½kyfwkdUwGif ½kyf[lonf tb,fenf;? r[mbkwfav;yg;? r[mbkwfav;yg;udkrSDí jzpfaom½kyf
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a[mawmfrlonf/
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oabmomjzpfonf} [k a&;om;a[majymjcif;onf bk&m;½Sif\ a'oemawmfESifh
ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifonf/
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pmrsufESm 110-ü ]]tm;vHk;udk ûcHvdkufvQif ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmOf cE¨mig;yg;onf
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Z&monf
(1) ocFw w&m;wkdU\ &ifha&mf tdkrif;jcif; trSwftom;jzpfaomZ&m?
(2) oGm;usdK;jcif;? qHjzLjcif;ponf orkwftyfaom wpfb0ü tusHK;0ifaom cE¨mwkdU\
a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhjcif;[laom Z&m -
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tusHK;0ifaom cE¨mwkdU\ a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhjcif;udk þt&mü Z&m[k tvdk&Sdtyf\/
r&Po'´g\ teufrSef
r&Ponf -
(1) ocFww&m;wdkU\ ysufpD;jcif; trSwftom;jzpfaom r&P
(2) wpfb0ütusHK;0ifaom ZD0dwdajE´tpOf\ jywfpJjcif; r&P- [lí 2-yg; tjym;&Sd\/
xdk 2-yg;aom r&PwkdUwGif þ ]r&PrÜd 'ku©H}[laom yk'f ]Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&P} [laomyk'fwkdUü
wpfb0ütusHK;0ifaom ZD0dwdajE´tpOf\ jywfpJjcif;ukdom ]r&P}[k ,l&onf/
xkdr&Ponf jzpfqJb0rS a½GUavsmjcif; vu©Pm&Sd\? auGuGif;&jcif; udpö&Sd\/
(0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxm? 'k-ESm -133)
0dbif;ygVdawmfüvnf; -
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ZD0dwdjE´d,óyapäa'g? £'H 0kpöwd r&PH}} (tbd? 2? 144)/
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oHk;yg;tjym;&Sd\/ xdkoHk;yg;wkdUwGif-
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]]cPdur&P}} rnf\/
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aojcif; ]] orkapä'r&P}} rnf\/
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[laomygXfwkdUü ]r&P} \ t& or®Kwdr&Pudkom ,l&onf/ (oar®m[0daem'eD -95)
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'kwd,wGJü (w? x? '? ") trSwfjy pum;&yfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyjcif;onf bk&m;½Sif a'oemawmfudk
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ykaAÁ = a½S;twdwfb0ü
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(0d? |? 1? 132/ 0dok'¨dr*f? 'k? 53-54)/
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pwkw¬psmefudkrSDaomaMumifh (taMumif;psmef\ trnfudk tusdK; ÓPfrsufpdü wifpm;í
um&Plypm&tm;jzifh) ÓPfrsufpdonf 'dAÁ rnf\/
'dAÁ0d[m&0aoe y#dv'¨wåm? twåem p 'dAÁ0d[m& oEédódwwåmyd 'dAÁH
(0d?|?1?132/ 0dok'¨dr*f?'k? 53-54)/
(*) tmo0u©,ÓPf
22/ tmo0 =tmo0w&m;wkdUudk + c, = ukefcef;apwwfaom +ÓP = todÓPf/
tb,faMumifh tb,fw&m;wkdUonf tmo0 rnfukefoenf; -
(u) tdkif;trmrS pufqkyfzG,fjzpfaom oeH&nf jynfap;wdkU ,dkpD;xGufusouJhokdU pu©Kpaom
ajcmuf'Gg&rS ½lyg½Hkpaom tm½Hkajcmufyg;wkdUü ,dkpD;xGufuswwf (jzpfwwf) aomaMumifh
avmb? 'd|d? arm[ wkdUonf tmo0 rnfukef\/
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xdki&J½Spfxyf a0g[m&ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh apm'em pum;&yfukd oHk;oyfpdppfaomf apm'u
q&mawmfrsm; xkwfaqmif ukd;um;aom om"u pum;&yfrsm;onf ax&0g'yd#u t|uxmüvmaom
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0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
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tvsOf;r½Sdaom pum;rsm;om jzpfacsonf? þtaMumif;,kwådtvsOf;r½Sdonfh pum;rsm;udk
a&;om;jyqdkjcif;\ taMumif;&if; tajctjrpfudk pdppfoHk;oyf&efvkdonf? xkdpum;&yfrsm;um;
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oHk;oyfcsuf
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xif½Sm;vwHh) pmwrf;½Sif (pk'dwu) onf ]Zvm}ukd jrifí a&jyifrSpí jzpfaom owå0g[k ,lq[ef&Sdonf?
trSefrSm ]Zvm} o'´gr[kwf ] ZvmAk} o'´gjzpfonf? ]]om;tdrf}} [laom teufudka[monf ]Z}o'´g ]jzpf}
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EGm;? uRJ paom owå0grsm;udk ZvmAkZ- [k ac:qkd&onf/
30/ xkdpmwrf; pmrsufESm-15 Oyywf y#doaE¨udk jy&mü-
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yuwdtwdkif; jzpfMuonf[k qdkonf? y#doaE¨cef;\ tprS jycJhonfhtwdkif; pdwfy#doaE¨jzpfonf?
rdcif0rf;rSm wnf&aom y#doaE¨r[kwf? ½kyfy#doaE¨ r[kwfjcif;aMumifh ewfi&Jrsm; oufwrf;aphí
aoqHk;onfhtcg tavmif;&,fvkdUvnf; oD;jcm;r&Sd[k qdkonf? pdwfjzifh pGJí pdwfrSmjzpfaeaom
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raoraysmufbJ pdwfxJrSmom wpfrdepf wpfcPtwGif; jzpfonf? pdwfqif;&JvQif i&Jusonf?
pdwfcsrf;omvQif ewfjynf a&mufonf? pdwfoufouf y#doaE¨jzpfonf? ½kyf? emrfoD;jcm;r½Sd}} [líjzpfonf?
þt"dyÜm,fonfvnf; xdkpmwrf; ESm 19-ü qdkxm;aom rvdkcsifonfh rawGUcsifonfh a'gopGJjzpfaeygu
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avmbpGJjzifh jynfhpHkvsuf pdwftm½HkwGif umr*kPf cHpm;aeMuolwkdUudk ewfpnf;pdrf ewfb0udk
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a,medav;yg; bk&m;a[m
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oHao'Za,med? ukd,fxif½Sm;jzpfay:aom Moyygwdua,medwkdUwnf;? OcGHukdazmufcGJí jzpfay:vmaom
owå0gudk t@Za,med-[k qdktyf\/ om;tdrfudk azmufcJGí jzpfay:vmaom owå0gudk ZvmAkZa,med-
[k qdktyf\/ ig;ykyftaumifykyf rka,mrkefUykyf wefpD;tdkif wefpD;ajrmif;wkdUü jzpfay:vmaom owå0gudk
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ukd,fjzpfaeyHk txl;udk a,med-[kac:onf) þokdU a,medav;yg;udk bk&m½Sifa[mawmfrlcJhonf/
xkdUaMumifh ]]Oyywfy#doaE¨onf pdwfy#doaE¨jzpfonf? ½kyfemrf[lí wpfoD;wpfjcm;r½SdbJ þ
vlowå0g\ twGif;pdwfrSm pGJrSDí jzpfaeaom ewfi&J wapärsm;omjzpfonf}} [laom t,lonf
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t,lomjzpfonf? ]]twåem 'k*¾[dawe tarS ap0 tAÇmpdu©wd}} rdrdukd,fwdkif raumif;ojzifh ,ltyfaom
t,ljzifh igbk&m;wkdUudkvnf; pGyfpGJ\ [laom bk&m;½Sif\ pum;awmfESifh tnD a'ou bk&m;½Sifudkvnf;
pGyfpGJ&m a&mufonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
pmwrf; pmrsufESm 16-ü ]]usrf;*eftcsdKUu Oyywffy#doaE¨ rSm rjrif&aom y#doaE¨ rS rjrif&aom
ewf i&J wapärsm;udk oD;jcm;jzpfaponf[k qdkjcif;aMumifh Ak'¨bmom0if wpf&yfvHk;rSm oD;jcm;[k qdkonfh
pmwpfvHk;aMumifh ,aeUwdkif oabmuGJvGJvsuf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; ½Sif;r&bJ jzpfaeMuonf?
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uGJvGJaeMu&onf}} [k jyqdkxm;jyef\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
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ryg½Sdacs? OD;Ouú|ESifhol\ aemufvdkufrsm;rSwpfyg; Ak'¨bmom0if vl½Sif &[ef;tm;vHk;yif
Oyywfy#doaE¨tay:ü taumuft,l oabmuGJvGJrIvnf; tvQif;r½Sdacs? xkdUaMumifh ,cifpum;&yfonf
0d0g'g'du½kPf; jzpfay:atmif vIHUaqmfaom pum;&yfomjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
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om;q,fwef;atmifonfudk pGJuyfíaysmf½TifrIjzpfaeu om;b0ç rdef;raoonfESifh êuHawGU&í
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tvQif;rwlay? y#doaE¨t&mESifh ypö,mum, y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfwkdUum; -
opöH oawåm y#doE¨d? ypö,mum&ar0 p/
'k'´om pwka&m "r®m? a'aowkÍö ok'kuú&m (tbd? |? 2? 123)/
opömav;yg;? owårS qdwfokOf;aom ocFg&wkdUü owå- [laom a0g[m& ynwf? y#doaE¨?
y#dpöorkyÜg'f þav;&yfwkdUum; jrifvnf; jrifEdkifcJ\? a[mMum;jcif;iSmvnf; vGefpGm cJ,Of;vS\ [k
t"dywdynm½ifMuD;rsm; rdefUrSmxm;cJhaom cJav;yg; a'oemwGif yg0ifaom t&mrsm; jzpfMuayonf/
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a'oemawmfrsm;ukd xdyg;ykwfcwfjcif;omjzpfí ,if;pum;&yfrsm;onf t"r®omjzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
oVm,weoH,kwfü cE¨okwfr½Sd? pmrsufESm 396-üvnf; þpum;rsdK;r½Sd? t*kFwåd&f? pwkuúedygwf?
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[k Oyrmteufazmfjyvsuf zGifhawmfrlonf/
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0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
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vQmjzifh t&omtm;vHk;udk /y/ udk,fjzifh xdawGUzG,ftm;vHk;udk /y/ pdwfjzifh oabmw&m; tm;vHk;udk
odonf½Sdaomf rvdkvm; rESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,faom oabmudkom od&\/ vdkvm; ESpfouf jrwfEdk;zG,f
oabmudk rod&ay/ &[ef;wkdU awGUxdrI\ wnf&m ]]zó,we}} ajcmufrsKd;&Sdaom ]]qzóm,wedu}}
ewfjynfwkdUudk igbk&m; jrifawmfrl\/ xkdewfjynfwkdUü tqif;tm;vHk;udk Munfhvwfaomf vdkvm; ESpfouf
jrwfEdk;zG,faom oabmudkom jrif\/ rvdkvm; rESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,f oabmudk rjrif /y/ &[ef;wkdU
oifwkdUonf t&awmfMuay\ /y/ oifwkdUonf tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;zkdU&ef tcGifhta&;udk &cJhMuay\/
(oVm,we oH,kwf? jrefrmjyef-334)
þokwfü qzóm,wedu i&J[lonf t0Dpdpaom i&JMuD;wkdUrS oD;jcm;r[kwf t0Dpdpaom
i&JMuD; 31 rsKd;vHk;yif ajcmuf'Gg&jzifh ted|m½kHudk cHpm;&jcif;aMumifh qzóm,wedu rnfonfcsnf;om
jzpfonf/ i&JMuD; 31 rsKd;qkdonfrSm t0Dpdi&Jonf tAÁK'? ed&AÁK'? tAA? t##? t[[? ukrk'? aom*E¨du?
OyÜv? y@&du? y'kr[lí q,fyg;jym;\/ oOÆD0paom i&JMuD; 7 xyfwkdUü jzpfapwwfaom uH\ txuf?
tvwf? tEkHUtm;jzifh oHk;yg;jym;onf tm;avsmfpGm toufwrf; oHk;yg;jym;&um; wpfxyfvQif
oHk;yg;pDjym;í 20 jzpf\/ ESpf&yfaygif; 31 rsKd; jzpf\ (oH? #D? 1? 104) /umrm0p&
ewfjynftm;vHk;onfvnf; ajcmuf'Gg&wkdUjzifh £|m½kHudk cHpm;&jcif;aMumifh qzóm,wedu
rnfonfcsnf;yif jzpfonf/ (t0Dpdi&JESifh wm0wðom ewfjynfudk &nf½G,fí a[monf[k t|uxmü
zGifhjyxm;\/)
þokwfjzifh bk&m;½Sif jya[mrlvdk&if;um; i&JbHkü qif;&Jukdom cHpm;ae&jcif;aMumifh
r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;&ef rwwfEkdif ewfjynfüvnf; umr*kPfcsrf;om vGefpGmrsm;jym;í
aysmfyg;arhavsmh aejcif;aMumifh r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;zdkYta&; uGma0;vS\/
þvlUjynfonfum; i&Jvkdwpfcg? ewfjA[®mvdkwpfrsKd;? tqkd;taumif; aomif;ajymif;a&ma&m rsm;pGmaom
oHa0*0wåK? aygif;pkjynfhpHkae&um; r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;&ef {ueftcGifh&onfh ur®blrd
Oyg'gef
47/ bkoH tm'd,EÅDwd Oyg'gem? 'V©§*¾g[H *PSEÅDwd taw¬m- [laom t|omvdeD
t|uxmESifh tnD rvTwfEkdifyJ jrJjrHjyif;jypGm ,lwwf pGJvrf;wwfaom oabmw&m;onf Oyg'gef rnf\/
Oyg'gefav;yg;
ww¬ uwrH umrkyg'geH/ a,m umarok umrpäaE´m umr&ma*g umreE´D umrwPSm
umrodaea[m umry&dVma[m umrrkpäm umraZÑmomeH/ £'H 0kpöwd umrkyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD 0w¬Kumr[k ac:qkdtyfaom vkdcsifzG,f tm½kHwdkUü vdkvm;ESpfouf
wyfrufpGJvrf;aom wPSm (avmbapwoduf) onf umrkyg'gef rnf\/
ww¬ uwrH 'd|Kyg'geH/ ew¬d 'dEéH/ y/ £'H 0kpöwd 'd|Kyg'geH XaywGm oDvAÁwkyg'geO©
twå0g'kyg'geO© oAÁmyd rdpäm'd|d 'd|Kyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD oDvAÁwkyg'gefESifh twå0g'kyg'gef 'd|dESpfrsKd;rS MuGif;aom
rSm;aomtjrif (rSm;aomt,l) tm;vHk;onf 'd|Kyg'gef rnf\/ þbk&m;a[m ygVdawmfjzifhyif t,lrSm;udk
pGJvrf;rIom 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfonf/ t,lrSefudk pGJjrJouf0if ,HkMunfrIonfum; 'd|Kyg'gefr[kwf/
o'¨g"darmu©om jzpfonf[k odomvSay\/
ww¬ uwrH oDvyAÁwkyg'geH/ £awm A[d'¨g orP jAm[®PmeH oDave ok'¨d/ y/
0dy&d,m o*¾ga[m/ £'H 0kpöwd oDvyAÁwkyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD EGm; acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhtusihfudk (0g) tavhtusifhrSm; [lorQudk
udavom pifMu,faMumif; tusifhaumif; tjzpfjzifh rSm;,Gif;pGm pGJvrf;wwfaom tjrifrSm;rI
'd|dapwodufonf oDvyAÁwkyg'gef rnf\/
ww¬ uwrH twÅ0gyg'geH/ £" tókw0g ykxkZÆaem/ y/ rdpäwåH wdw¬m,weH 0dy&d,m
o*¾ga[m/ £'H 0kpöwd twå0g'kyg'geH/ (tbd? 1? 241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD cE¨mig;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;udk rysufrpD; tjrJwnfaeaom tESpfom&
trmcHoabmw&m; twå[k tjrifrSm;rI 'd|dapwodufonf twå0g'kyg'gefrnf\/
Oyg'ged,
49/ Oyg'ged, (Oyg'ge+£,) þyk'fonf Oyg'geyk'faemuf tpD;tyGm;[dw teufü
£,ypönf;owfí jyD;aom yk'fjzpfonf/
xkdUaMumifh t|omvdeD t|uxm? ESm-85 ü-
tm&r®Pbm0H Oy*E´m Oyg'ge orÁaE¨e Oyg'gemeH [dwmwd Oyg'ged,m/
[k rdefUqkdawmfrlonf/ tm½kHtjzpfodkU uyfa&mufí Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'gefwdkU\
tpD;tyGm;wnf;/ xkdUaMumifh Oyg'ged, rnfukef\/
]]tm&r®Pbm0H Oy*E¨m = tm½kHtjzpfodkU uyfa&mufí}} [lonf tm½kHûycH&jcif;yif jzpfonf/ xkdodkU
tm½kHûycH&jcif;aMumifh xkdw&m;rsm;onf Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfvsOf;aom w&m;rsm; jzpf&onf/ Oyrm-avmuü
vlwpfa,muf\ toHk;taqmifonf xdkolESifh pyfaeouJhodkU jzpfonf/
þt|uxmt& tm½kHûycH&onfjzpfí Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfaeonfhtwGuf Oyg'gefwkdU\
tpD;tyGm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'ged, rnf\[k rSwf/
(tcsKyfrSm Oyg'gefwkdU\ tm½kHûycH&aom w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/)
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ qkdvkd&if;rSm -
(1) Oyg'gefwGif ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k rcGJjcm;aMumif;?
(2) ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqkdxm;aMumif;?
(3) 0dyóemudk rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom 0dnmPfpdwf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif
pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlaMumif; pum;oHk;&yf
jzpfonf/
,if;pum;oHk;&yfwdkYwGif ]](1) Oyg'gefwGif ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k rcGJjcm;aMumif;}} [laom
pum;&yfü ukodkvf? tukodkvf ESpfrsKd;&Sd&müom ukodkvf? tukodkvf cGJjcm;jy&onf/ ukodkvfcsnf;oufouf?
tukodkvfcsnf;oufouf jzpf&müum; xkdodkU cGJjcm;&ef rvdk/ Oyg'gef[lonf wpf&HwpfqpfrQ ukokdvf[lí
r½Sd/ {uef tukodkvfcsnf;om jzpfaomaMumifh ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k cGJjcm;jyqkdjcif; rûy[krSwf/
]]ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqkdxm;aMumif;}} [laom pum;&yfü pum;toHk;tEIef;udk ½Sif;jytHh/ ]]ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap}} [laom
pum;&yfü ]ukodkvfukd} [laom pum;onf tpGJtvrf; cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ xkdw&m;um;
trSefyif ukodkvfjzpfonf/ ]pGJonfjzpfap} [laom pum;&yfum; pGJvrf;wwfaom avmb? 'd|d [laom
Oyg'gefw&m;udk jyonf/ xdkOyg'gefum; {uef tukodkvf jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh þpum;&yfü
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom w&m;u ukodkvf? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;u tukodkvf jzpfonf/
]]tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap}} [laom pum;&yfüvnf; ]tukodkvfudk} [laom pum;&yfonf
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ ]pGJonfjzpfap} [laom pum;&yfonf pGJvrf;wwfaom
avmb? 'd|d[laom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh þpum;&yfü tpGJtvrf;cH&aom
w&m;uvnf; tukodkvf? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;uvnf; tukodkvfyif jzpfonf/ þodkU
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom w&m;onf ukodkvfyif jzpfap? tukodkvfyif jzpfap? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;um;
tukodkvfom jzpf&um; Oyg'gef[líom jyefqkdjcif; jzpfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh þ (2) eHygwf aom"em
pum;&yfonf pum;toHk;tEIef;rQom rSefonf/
,if;odkU pum;toHk;tEIef; rSefuefaomfvnf; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU udk,fwkdifrlum; ½Sif;jycJhaom
teuft"dyÜm,fudk trSefwu,f rodyJ ]ukodkvf Oyg'gefvnf; ½Sdonf} [k tvGJtrSm; ESvHk;oGif;í
aom"emxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;udk (3) eHygwf pum;&yfjzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;pGm odEkdifayonf/ ½Sif;jyOD;tHh -
]]0dyóemudk rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom 0dnmPfpdwf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif
pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlaMumif;}} [k qkdxm;&m ]]0dyóemudk
rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom ukodkvf0dnmPfpdwf jzpfonf/ xkdukodkvf0dnmPfpdwfudk
Oyg'gef[ka[monf}} [k pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkU ,lqaMumif; odomayonf/
0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
3/ pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf trSwf (u) (c) (C) (i) tcsufwdkUudk jyefvnfacsyrI
rûyMuaomaMumifh olwkdY\ trSm;udk 0efcHjyD; jzpfonf/ trSwf (8) tcsufudk jyefvnfacsy&mü ]ryg}
[laom pum;ESifh ]r½Sd} [laom pum;rSm t"dyÜm,f tvGefjcm;em;onf[k qkdMuonf/ odkUaomf 0domcgESifh
temxydPfwkdUonf xkdtcsdefu aomwmyefrQom jzpfMuao;aomaMumifh 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gefwkdUudkom y,fMu&ao;í wPSm (avmb) [laom umrkyg'gefudkum; ry,fMu&ao;acs/
xkdUaMumifhyif 0domcgonf ol\ ajr;uav;wpfa,muf aoqHk;í tokbtjyefwGif ylaqG;0rf;enf;rI
ajyaysmufapvdkonfhtwGuf w&m;em,l&ef jrwfpGmbk&m; txHawmfokdU a&mufvmcJhojzifh
aomuajyjidrf;aMumif; w&m;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl&ao;\/
(O'gef;ygVdawmf? 0domcgokwf? 190)
odkUjzpf&um; aomwmyef yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf &Hzef&Hcg wPSmOyg'gef jzpfvmEdkifao;&um;
Ak'¨tbd"r®mü ]wPSmOyg'gef rygMuawmhyJ} [k a&;xm;onfjzpfap? ]wPSmOyg'gef r½SdMuawmhyJ} [k
a&;xm;onfjzpfap? tw¬,kwåd r½Sdonfom jzpfayonf/ ½Sif;vif;OD;tHh-
0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ a0zefpdppfcsuf
12/ (u) aumufEkwfcsuf (edAÁmef)
edAÁme (ed+0g) [laom pum;\ teuft"dyÜm,f trSefudkjy&aomf twdwfb0[laom
½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh ypöKyÜefb0[laom ½kyfemrfcE¨mudkvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜefb0 ½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh tem*wfb0
½kyfemrfcE¨mudk vnf;aumif;? tusKd;½kyfemrfw&m;ESifh taMumif;ukodkvf tukodkvfuHudk vnf;aumif;?
tqufrjywfatmif zGJUpyfwwfaom wPSmudk 0ge[k ac:\/
xdk0ge[k ac:tyfaom wPSm\ awmifhw&m tm½kHe,fedrdwfESifh vHk;0 rqufrpyf
tvGwfowfowfjzpfaom y&rwfw&m;udk ed0ge = edAÁme = edAÁmef [kac:onf/
0ge = wPSmrS
ed = xGufcGmaom w&m;? uif;½Sif;aom w&m;
edAÁme = wPSmESifh rqufrpyf tvGwfoufouf jzpfaom w&m;/
(yg&mZduPf t|uxm? 'k? 184/ okwfr[m0g t|uxm? 56)
þtwkdif;om t"dyÜm,ftrSefjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJUcsKyfu xkwfa0aom
edAÁmef zGifhqkda&;om;csufrsm;rSm xifrdxif&m vGJrSm;pGm a&;om;xm;aom pum;rsm;om jzpfonf[k
a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf
4/ pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifu acsy&mü
(u) 'd|"ar®m = jriftyfjyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonfjzpfí [laom q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\
jyefqkdcsufudk [kwf r[kwf racsyvdkaMumif;/
1961 ck? 1962 ck? 1965 ck) q|rtMudrftjzpf [Hom0wD yHkESdyfwkdufrS xkwfa0aom v,fwDrl "r®pMum
edó,ü ]'d|"ar®m} paom ygVdrsm;udk q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ edó,enf;wl (jriftyfjyD;) (a&muftyfjyD;)
(odtyfjyD;) [lí twdwfpum;vHk;jzifh wdwdusus aoaocsmcsm teufjyefqdkxm;ayonf/ ocifjrwfqkdif
acsyouJhokdU jriftyfaom opömw&m;[k v,fwDq&mawmfu teufjyefqdkjcif; tvQif;rûycJh/ xkdUaMumifh
jriftyfaomopömw&m;[k awGU&ygonfqkdaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsycsufonf 'kwd,trSm;udk
usL;vGefjcif;om jzpfayonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh v,fwDq&mawmf\ ÚmPfynm MuD;rm;rIudk tvGJoHk;pm;
ûyusifh&mvnf; a&mufayonf/
13/ aomwmyefjzpfvQif opömav;yg; w&m;udk jrifjyD;[k rkcs{uef qkd&rnf jzpfaomaMumifh
]]xdktcsdefu t½Sifaum@nonf aomwmyefom jzpfí ]]jrifjyD;}} [k rqdkxkdufao;? t&[wåzdkvf
qkdufa&mufrSom ]]jrifjyD;}} [k qkdxkdufaMumif;}} acsyaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ pum;onf wwd,trSm;ukd
usL;vGef&m a&mufayonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ocifjrwfqkdifonf tbd"r®m (y&rw¬) oabmESifh
yd#uwfusrf;*efwkdU\ tqkdtrdefUudk oabmraygufaMumif;rSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/
wa,mufwrsdK; teufjyefxm;jcif;
6/ pk'dwuwdkU têudufcsif;wlí ae&mtESHU udk;um;a[majymavh½Sdaom tqkdyg (avmu
ork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom vufjzpfygVdudk jrefrmjyefqkd&müvnf; wOD;ESifhwOD;
rwlMu? trsdK;rsdK;uGJvGJaeaMumif; awGU&onf? vlaovljzpf jyóempmtkyf ESm 17-wGif ,if;ygVdudk
ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]avmuonf ½Sdonf[k pGJ,lu½Sd\/ r½Sd[k jywfuvnf;r½Sd}} [k bmomjyefqdkxm;
onfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;jyefqdkcsufonf ygVdwjcm;teufwrsdK;jzpfí rSm;,Gif;aeayonf/
7/ ,if;ygVdukdyif ewfESifh i&J b,frSmvJ pmtkyf ESm 22 - wGif &cdkifOD;a½Tjynfhu atmufyg
twkdif; t"dyÜm,fazmfxm;jyefayonf/ ]]aemufwzef jzpfao;onf[k pGJae,if oifhpdwfrSm jzpfaeonf?
ygVdrSm;\teufudk pdppfjcif;
13/ pk'dwuwkdU udk;um;wifjyaom ygVd\ t"dyÜm,fudk twdtus trSeftuef jrefrmjyef
Munfhaomtcg omoemawmfESifh qefUusifaom t"dyÜm,fom xGufaeaMumif; awGU&onf/ xkd
((avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVd\ wkduf½dkuft"dyÜm,frSm -
]]avmu\jzpfaMumif; wPSmonfvnf;½Sd\/
avmu\ csKyf&medAÁmefum; r½Sd}} -
[lí jzpfayonf? þt"dyÜm,fonf bk&m;omoemESifh qefUusifaom t"dyÜm,fjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ay
onf/ þuJhokdU ygVd½Sdwkdif; teufudkrazmfjybJ ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]pm\ t"dyÜm,ftqkdrSm jywfvQif r½Sd?
rjywfvQif ½Sd\ [laom t,ludk wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf}} [k xnfhoGif;avQmufxm;avonf/ odkU&mwGif
(avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVdESifh jywfvQifr½Sd? rjywfvQif ½Sd\ [laom
teuft"dyÜm,frSm wjcm;pD jzpfaeaomaMumifh yd@ygwHudk aorsdK;csnf;[k bmomjyefaom
vlysufvlacsmfwkdU\ pum;uJhodkU jzpfaeayawmhonf/
14/ þwGif aumufcsufcsonf½Sdaom ygVduvnf; vufjzpfygVdjzpfjcif;? teufuvnf; ygVd
ESifh rqDavsmfaom teufjzpfjcif;? bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfum tBuD;tus,f vSnfhpm;
xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
xdkUaMumifh þuJhodkU ygVdwk teufrSm;jzifh vSnhfpm;cHMu&&Smoltaygif; rnfírnfrQ ½Sdae
rnfenf;[k awG;awmrdí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;taejzifh pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfMu&ayonf/ tem*wf
omoemawmftwGuf &ifav;zG,fBuD;aywum;/
]]'Gu edódawm 'Gg,H upöme avmaum (y) {wåm0wm acg upöme or®m'd|d
a[mwd}} (oH? 1? 257)
jrefrmjyef
]]upöme - þowå0gtaygif;wkdUonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh ½Sdonf\tjzpf (oów'd|d) udk
vnf;aumif;? R½Sdonf\tjzpf (Oapä''d|d)udkvnf;aumif; ½Sd\/
upöme - ocFg&avmu\ jzpfjcif;udk rSefuefaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifh [kwfwkdif; rSefpGm
jrifaomol\ oEÅmefü ocFg&avmuü r½Sdonf\tjzpfwnf;[laom Oapä''d|d rjzpf/
upöme - ocFg&avmu\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk rSefuefaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifh [kwfwdkif;
rSefpGm jrifaomol\ oEÅmefü ocFg&avmuü ½Sdonf\tjzpfwnf;[laom oów'd|d rjzpf/
upöme - uyfa&mufrI (Oy,) jyif;pGmpGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) epfûryfpl;0ifrI (tbdeda0o) wkdUonf
þowå0gtaygif;udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh aESmifzGJUukef\/ þt&d,mwynfhonfum; pdwf\wnf&mç
epfûryfpl;0if&m udef;atmif;&mjzpfaom xdkuyfa&mufrI (Oy,) jyif;pGmpGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) udk ig\
twåwnf;[k ruyfa&muf? rpGJvrf;? pGJírwnfjzpfcJhaomf (Oyg'geu©E¨m) 'ku©om csKyf\/ csKyfcJhaomf
(Oyg'geu©E¨mwnf;[laom) 'ku©om csKyf\/ 'ku©rSwyg; owå0grnfonf r½Sd[k ,kHrSm;rIr½Sd? þt&mü
xkdyk*¾dKvftm; olwyg;udk tm;xm;í ,kHMunfonfr[kwf? udk,fwkdifodjcif;om jzpf\/ upöme - þrQjzifh
rSefaomtm;jzifh or®m'd|djzpf\/ (upömea*gwåokwf t|uxmESifhtnD jrefrmjyefqdkonf)
16/ upömea*gwåokwf\ qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜm,fudk trsm;em;vnfap&ef azmfjy&aomf -
owå0gwkdUonf oów'd|d? Oapä''d|d 2 yg;udkrSD\/ ocFg&avmu\jzpfjcif;udk 0dyóemynm
r*fynmjzifh jrifvQif Oapä''d|drjzpf? ocFg&avmu\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifhjrifvQif
oów'd|drjzpf? þowå0gtaygif;udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh wPSm 'd|dwdkUu aESmifzGJUxm;\?
t&d,mom0uonf xkdwPSm 'd|dwdkUudk ig\twå[k ruyfa&mufrpGJvrf; 'ku©omjzpf\? 'ku©omcsKyf
\[k ,kHrSm;jcif;r½Sd? udk,fwkdifod\? upöme - þrQjzifhom or®m'd|d (tjrifrSef) jzpf\/
17/ þupömeokwf\ rl&if; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfESifh jrefrmjyeft"dyÜm,fwdkUudk tppftrSef
od&jcif;tm;jzifh pk'dwuwdkUudk udk;um;aom (avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom
vufjzpfygVd\ bk&m;a[m r[kwfykHudkvnf;aumif; pk'dwuwkdU\ jrefrmjyefqdkcsufonf bk&m;
a[mxm;csufESifh wvGJwjcm;pDjzpfaeí rSm;,Gif;ykHudk vnf;aumif; oHo,uif;pGm odcGifh&½SdMuayNyD?
aemufaemifwGif þuJhodkU ygVdtwk teufrSm;rsm;jzifh rêuHêudufMu&atmif 0DrHo 0dp&PÓPfynmjzifh
tppftrSefudk avhvmtm;xkwfoifhMuayonf/
0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfwdkUESifh a0zefpdppfcsuf
av;toacFsESifh urÇmwodef; yg&rDjznfhawmfrlcJhjcif;
9/ ]]uHwnf;[laom taMumif;w&m;onf ½Sd\? xkduHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
tusdK;w&m;onf ½Sd\}} [lí udk,fawmfwdkif rSefuefpGm odjrifawmfrlojzifh ur®0g'D ud&d,0g'D
jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlYb0ç ewfb0ç wd&pämefb0 tp½Sdaom a½S;a½S;aom
b0aygif;rsm;pGmu 'ge oDv aeu©r® tp½Sdaom taMumif;uH ukodkvfyg&rDawmfwdkUudk
jznfhusifhqnf;yl;awmfrlcJhjcif;aMumifh oAÁñkwÓPfawmfocif jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifjzpfí þowåavmuü
wef;wl &nfwl t&nfcsif;wl yk*¾dKvfr½Sd? rdrdwOD;wnf; wqlwnf; yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrlvmcJh\/
10/ ,if;odkU oAÁñkbk&m;½Sif tjzpfjzifh yGifhxGef;zkdUtwGuf yg&rDawmfwkdUudk
jznfhusifhawmfrl&müvnf; b0tenf;i,frQ jznfhusifhcJhonfr[kwf? urÇmaygif; av;toacFsESifh wodef;
wdwdrQ umv Mumanmif; b0aygif;rsm;pGm jznfhusifhawmfrlcJh&aMumif;udk -
uayÜ p ow o[aó? pwka&m p tocØa,/
{w¬EÅa& ,H p&dwH? oAÁHwH aAmwdygpeH/
[lí p&d,myd#uygVdawmf (ESm 385) ü bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/
jrefrmjyef
urÇmaygif; av;oacFsESifh wodef;rQ ½Snfvsm;aom þtcsdefumvtwGif;ü b0aygif;rsm;pGm
igbk&m;jznfhusifh qnf;yl;awmfrlcJhorQ 'ge oDv tp½Sdaom ukodkvfuHyg&rDawmftvkH;pkHonf
oAÁñkwÓPfaAm"d\ &ifhoefaMumif; w&m;taygif;jzpfonf? pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf yd#uwfokH;ykH
edum,fig;&yfudk EHSUpyfatmif rzwfEkdifí av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef;udk bk&m;½Sifudk,fwkdif a[mcJhonfudk
rawGUrodaomaMumifh ol\ acsyvTmü av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef; pum;rsdK;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmf ra[mcJh[lí
qdkrSm;rdayonf/
wurÇm\ oufwrf;
11/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU ajymovdkr[kwfbJ av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef;umvudk vnf;aumif;
wurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkvnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? ,if;odkU
a[mMum;awmfrl&mü wurÇmonf tvGefUtvGef½Snfvsm;vSaomaMumifh ESpfaygif;w&m½Sdonf? ESpfaygif;
axmifaomif;odef;oef; ponf½Sdonf[lí urÇm\oufwrf;umvudk ESpfta&twGufjzifh owfrSwfí
toacFs,uyfav;uyfNynfhvQifwpfurÇm
16/ xdkrQavmuf MumjrifhvSaom urÇm[laom tcsdefumvukd wurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh
ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf&mü owå0gwkdU\ wnfae&m pMu0VmurÇm avmu (Moumoavmu) BuD;\
tjzpftysuf ajymif;vJrIjzifh owfrSwf&\? owfrSwfykHrSm -
(u) oH0¥taoacFs,s = tvGef tvGef ½Snfvsm;vSaom tcsdefumvawG ukefvGefoGm;onfh
tcg þurÇmavmuBuD;onf rD;-a&-av okH;rsdK;wkdUwGif wrsKd;rsdK;jzifh
ysufpD;oGm;vdrfhrnf? rD;avmifí ysufpD;oGm;rnfhurÇmjzpftHh? ysufpD;cgeD;wGif a½S;OD;pGm
urÇmzsufrdk;BuD; ½GmoGef;\? xdkYaemuf ESpfaygif; þa½GUþrQ[k rcefUrSef;Ekdifavmufatmif
Mumjrifhaomtcg rD;avmif\? xdkodkU tBuD;tus,f awmufavmifaeaom
urÇmzsufrD;BuD;onf tPkjrLrQ jymuav;rQ rD;pmrusefonftxd avmifuRrf;NyD;rS
Nidrf;oGm;\? þenf;tm;jzifh urÇmzsufrdk; ½GmonfrSpí rD;awmufrD;vQH
Nidrf;oGm;onfwkdifatmif tvGeftvGef MumjrifhvSaom tcsdefumvudk
oH0¥toacFs,suyf[kac:\/
(c) oH0¥Xm,D toacFs,suyf = xdkurÇmzsufrD;BuD; Nidrf;oGm;NyD;aemuf rD;avmifjyif
½GmysufBuD;uJhodkU urÇmajrxkESihf taqmifta,mifbkHXmeawG bmrQr½Sdao;bJ
[if;vif;jyifaumif;uifBuD; taejzifh ysufpD;onfhykHpHtwkdif; wnfaevmcJh&m
,cifutwkdif; ESpfta&twGuf rcefUrSef;Edkifavmufatmif tcsdefawG ukefvGefNyD;rS
urÇmûyrkd;BuD; ½Gmcsvkduf\? ,if;odkU urÇmzsufrD;BuD; Nidrf;oGm;NyD;onf rSpí
urÇmûyrdk;½Gmonftxd tvGeftvGef tcsdefMumjrifhpGm [if;vif;jyiftwkdif; wnfae&mtcsdef
umvudk oH0¥Xm,DtoacFs,suyf[kac:\/
(*) 0d0¥toacFs,suyf = urÇmûyrdk;BuD; ½GmoGef;NyD;aemuf urÇmYtaqmuftOD bkHXmeawG
pkHvifpGmjzifh aeveu©wfawG ay:xifjrif&onftxd tvGeftvGef MumjrifhpGm
urÇmBuD;wnfaxmifaeqJ tcsdefukd 0d0¥toacFs,suyf [kac:\/
"r®[', 0dbif;tqdktrdefU
18/ pk'dwuocifjrwfqkdif aom"emü ]]"r®[',0dbif;üygaom ae0onmemonm,we
jA[®mwdkU\ toufurÇmaygif; ½Spfaomif;av;axmif[laom pum;rSm Ak'¨a[mESifh rqkdifyg}} [k qdk
xm;\/ xdktqdkudk pdppf&aomf -
þ (19) aom"em\ tpydkif;wkef;u av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef;paom pum;rsdK;udk
rqdkxm;bd? wpfurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkyif Ak'¨½Sifra[myg}} [lí ocifjrwfqkdifu
qdkxm;cJhonfhtwkdif; tu,fí urÇm\ oufwrf;udk bk&m;ra[mvQif tykdif;jcm;r½Sdatmif ½Snfvsm;aom
urÇmBuD;udk wpfurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh ydkif;jzwfa&wGufvkdU rjzpfEkdif? odkUaomf
"r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfüum; jA[®mwkdU\ oufwrf;udk urÇmaygif;½Spfaomif;av;axmif ponfjzifh
a[mxm;jcif;aMumifh wpfurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh urÇm\ oufwrf;udkyg ydkif;jzwfuefUowfí
a[mNyD;jzpfae\? xkdUaMumifh ]]wpfurÇm\ oufwrf;udk Ak'¨½Sifra[m}} [lí yxrqdkcJhaom rdrdpum;ESifh
rqefUusifatmif ]]urÇmaygif; ½Spfaomif;av;axmif}} [laom pum;udkvnf; Ak'¨a[mESifh rqkdif[lí
ocifjrwfqkdifu y,fzsufuefUuGufjcif; jzpfwef&monf/
odkUaomf jA[®mwkdU\ toufta&twGufudk tbd"r®mygVdawmf "r®[',0dbif;üomru
t*kFwådK&fygVdawmf wduedygwfmaeÍÆokwf ESm-270-üvnf;aumif; pwkuúedygwf yxrememu&Pokwf
441-ü vnf;aumif; a[mxm;ayonf/ ,if;odkU a[mxm;jcif;jzifhvnf; wpfurÇm ESpfurÇm ponfjzifh
urÇm\ oufwrf;udkyg ydkif;jzwfuefUowfNyD; jzpfawmhonf/ (ocifjrwfqkdifonf þ tmaeÍÆokwf
ememu&PokwfwkdUudk zwfzl;[efrwlay/)
rSwfcsuf / / "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmf 437-438- ponfwdkUü vlUbkH ewf (6) bkH jA[®mbkH (20)
wkdU\ oufwrf;udk a[mxm;awmfrl\? xdkwGif ukokdvfuHpGrf;tm;okdUvkdufí bkHpOftwkdkif; ewfwdkUrSm
tESpfig;&m tESpfwpfaxmifponfjzifh qifhuJ qifhuJ touf½SnfMuí jA[®mwdkUrSmrl urÇmESifhcsDí
touf½SnfMu\? xdkwGif psmeformywf½Spfyg;½Sdonfhteuf tpGrf;xufjrufqkH; psmeformywf\
tvm;wl okwfrsm;
37/ þoH,kwfygVdawmfüomru tjcm;ygVdawmfrsm;üvnf; þodkUaom taMumif;t&mrsm;
yg&Sdao;\? tenf;i,frQazmfjy&aomf t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf? quúedygwf? omruokwf 272-3 ü -
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ouúwwdkif;jynf0,f omr-[kac:aom ½GmteD;½Sd aygu©&Pd,mrnfaom
ausmif;wdkufü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf ewfom;wpfa,mufonf nOfhoef;acgiftcsdefü
jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfodkUvma&mufí t½Sifbk&m; &[ef;awmfrsm; tusifhodu©m qkwf,kwfaMumif;
w&m;oHk;yg;½Sdygonf/ xdkoHk;yg;rSm -
(u) ur®m&mrwm=y&d,wfy#dywf vkyfief;rsm;udk ypfy,fí xkdxdktvkyfudpöüom
aysmfydkufESpfûcdufjcif;?
(c) bó&mrwm=w&m;pum; ajymMum;aqG;aEG;jcif; r[kwfbJ &yfa&; ½Gma&; vlrIa&;udk
pka0;axGjym; pum;rsm;jcif;jzifhom aysmfarGUum tcsdefudk ukefapjcif;?
(*) ed'´g&mrwm=cE¨mudk,f yifyef;EGrf;e,fojzifh tyef;ajztdyfjcif;r[kwfbJ tcsdef½Sdoa½GU
tdyfavh idkufrsOf;avh ½Sdjcif;?
þw&m;oHk;yg;jzpfygonf[k avQmufxm;\? xdkewfom;pum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
MunfjzLESpfoufvufcHawmfrl\? xdkaemuf ewfom;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ½dkaopGm ½Sdcdk;OD;cdkufjyD;um
xkdae&mrS uG,faysmufoGm;\? eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufvwfaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
nOfhoef;acgifwkef;u ewfom;avQmufxm;aom pum;udk &[ef;wdkUtm; rdefUMum;awmfrljyD;aemuf -
]]&[ef;wdkU toifwdkUrSmukodkvfw&m;rsm; avsmhyg;qkwf,kwfaeonfudk ewfrsm;yif odaeMujyD?
xdkUaMumifh oifwdkUrSm &[ef;b0 &[ef;oDvwnf;[laom vmbfvmbudk t&rawmf roifhravsmf
jzpfukefMujyD? þw&m;&wemomoemawmfudk xdkufxdkufwefwef&onf rrnfawmhbl;}}[k
rdefUawmfrljyD;vQif Mo0g'w&m;udk qufvuf a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
38/ ,ck azmfjycJhaom omruokwfüvnf; ewfu avQmufxm;jcif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tay:
q&mvkyfvdkí r[kwfbJ &[ef;wdkU tusdK;udkvdkvm;í avQmufxm;jcif;jzpf\? jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf;
omoemawmfESifhavsmfí ta&;w,l vufcHawmfrlum wpfqifha[mMum;awmfrl\/
uav;i,fuajymaom pum;yifjzpfapumrl ]]at; rif;ajymwm [kwfom;bJ}}[k vlBuD;u
vufcHouJhodkU xdkUtwljrwfpGmbk&m;onfvnf; rdrdudk,fwdkifu odjyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;yif
jzpfapumrl rnfoluvmajymajym vufcHoifhu av;pm;pGm vufcHem,lawmfrl\? csD;usL;oifhuvnf;
csD;usL;awmfrl\? xdkUaMumifh t½Sifom&dykwå&max&f t½Sif0domcax&fponfwdkUu a[mMum;tyfaom
w&m;udk &[ef;rsm;omru jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkifyg em,lawmfrljyD;vQif w&m;jyD;qHk;aomtcgüvnf;
om"k om"k aumif;csD;ûyum csD;usL;axmremawmfrlayonf/ ('DCedum,f? ygxdu0*f? o*Ðwdokwf? ESm-
175? t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? 0domcokwf 360/)
“Here everything that we learn in the scriptures about his personal history is coloured by
dogmatic views comcerning the nature & destiny of a Buddha and of those acts which were essential
steps in his career.”
jrefrmjyef
ol\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifESifh pyfí yd#upmayrsm;ü uREkfyfwdkUawGU&aom tcsuftvufwdkif;onf
Ak'¨ESifh Ak'¨\bk&m;tjzpfa&mufatmif tm;xkwf&mwGif ta&;BuD;aom (ajcvSrf;rsm;)[k qdktyfaom
tûytrlrsm;\obm0ESifh yef;wdkifudk taMumif;ûyí "r®pGJtaejzifh cs,frIef;xm;tyfaomtcsufrsm;om
jzpfonf/
55/ wpfzef csm;vfpf tDvDa,mhqdkolu ol\ ][dE´L0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'} [laompmtkyf twGJ-1?
ESm-342-ü "r®\ tqufrjywf wnf&SdaeyHkESifh ,if;"r®udk a[majymqHk;ryHkrsm; acwftrsdK;rsdK;ü wlnDyHkudk
tav;teufûyap&ef r[my'geokwfjzifh bk&m; 7-qltaMumif;udk azmfxkwfMuonf [lívnf;aumif;?
wzef ESm-343 ü ]]bk&m; 7-qltjyif tjcm;Ak'¨rsm;½SdaMumif; okwåef ygwåefVdawmfrsm;ü azmfjyjcif;
r½SdaMumif;? Ak'¨0Hoac: aemufa&;usrf;üum; bk&m;25-ql azmfxkwfMujyefaMumif;?
*sdef;(wdw¬uF&)bk&m;rsm; 24-ql&Sdjcif; AdoQEk\ t0wm& 0ifpm;bk&m;rsm;vnf; tcsdKUtrSwftom;t&
24-yg;yif½Sdjcif;wdkUonf wpfurÇmESifh wpfurÇmü ½SdEdkifaom olawmfjrwfwdkUudk cefUrSef;wGufcsufjcif;tay:
wnfaom ta&twGufrsm; jzpfzG,f½SdaMumif; 25-qlaom Ak'¨0ifwdkU\ t&yftjrifhESifhyGifh&mESpf
tydkif;tjcm;rsm;onf ydkvGefaom yrmPrsm; jzpfaMumif; qdkxm;avonf/
56/ ,if;pmtkyf ESm-343 ü onfrQru qdkxm;yHku -
“The biographies of these Buddhas are bridf and monotonous. They also record how each met
gotama in one of his previous births and prophasied his future glory. The object of these biographies
is less to give imformation about previous Buddhas than to trace the career of gotama as a
Bodhisattra.”
Mrs. Rhys Davids purges Buddhism of the Doctrine of Not-sous and of monesticism and H.J
Jenings, in cold blood, removes all references to reincarntion from the scriptures and claims thereby to
have restored their original meaning. Dr.P. Dahlke ignores all the magic and mythology with which
traditional buddhism is replete and reduces the doctorine of the Buddha to quite reasonable agnostic
theory.
Nrefrm
]]rpf½dkufpfa';Apfonf Ak'¨0g'xJrS tewåoabmw&m;ESifh &[ef;usifhpOfudk xkwfy,fypfí tdwf-
a*s-*sif;eif;um; Ak'¨pmayawGxJrS wrvGef0g'ESifh pyforQudk pdwf½Snf½SnfESifh Ekwfy,fypfum (t<uif;rQudk)
rlvusrf;&if;t"dyÜm,f[k qdkonf/ a'gufwm yD'gvaurlum; tpOftvmAk'¨0g'xJwGif NynfhESufaeaom
wefcdk;Ny#d[meSifh Zmwfedygwfrsm;udk vspfvsL½Ium Ak'¨0g'udk 31-bHk vufrcH0g'}} tNzpf,lqonf/
þodkU qdkNyD; qufvufí “Theirs is not the Buddhism of the Buddhists.” «olwdkU\
t,ltqrsm;um; Ak'¨0g'DwdkU vufcHxm;Muaom Ak'¨0g'r[kwfacs/ Ak'¨0g'[k olwdkUbmomwHqdyfwyfum
a&;om;a[maNymonfh olwdkUtqdk oufoufomNzpfaMumif;»[k tuf'GyfuGefaZ u rSwfcsufcsxm;avonf/
65/ qdkoifhvSaypG/ txufqdkcJhNyD; or®morÁK'¨okwfudk tay:,HrQ t"dyÜm,faumuf,lí Ak'¨ESifh
tNcm;&[EÅmrsm; tvGefMuD; ruGmvS? Ak'¨uvrf;Ny tNcm;om0ursm;u aemufvdkufrQom xl;Ncm;onf[k
omrefacgif;aqmifMuD;wpfa,muf taeNzifhom ordkif;okawoDwdkU NrifMua&;MuNcif; Nzpfonf? trSefum;
omrefacgif;aqmifrQr[kwf? ewfvlwdkUudk acgif;aqmifEdkif&ef olrwlatmifqnf;yl; tm;xkwfawmf rlcJhaom
q&mNrwfMuD;Nzpfawmfrlygayonf/
bk&m;½Sifawmf? yGifhxGef;ay:í
a[mazmfñTefNy? Nrwf"r®aMumifh
þum;ukodkvf? tukodkvfESifh
xdkxdkbHkb0? odMu&? rsm;vSaus;Zl;ay
aus;Zl;awmf½Sif? bk&m;½Sifudk
aeUpOfrNywf? aus;Zl;qyfzdkU
tNrwf&wem? omoemudk
ESpfNzm0efxrf;? vGefêud;yrf;
vlpGrf;NyMuav/
(r[m*E¨m½kH q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;)
apm'u yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
1/ OD;pEd´rm? rdwd¬vmûrdU? "r®mp&d, ausmif;wdkuf?
2/ OD;ynmoD[? arûrdU? &wemrm&fatmif ausmif;wdkuf?
3/ OD;0dok'¨ ? rEÅav;ûrdU? avmurSefuif; ausmif;wdkuf?
4/ OD;ynmomrd? ompnfûrdU? a&vnf ausmif;wdkuf?
pk'dwu yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
1/ OD;OaZÆmwdu? a';'&JûrdU?
2/ OD;Z0e (ae&Sife,f) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
3/ OD;Z0e (ig;qifh) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
4/ OD;qE´m"du (ewfrSD) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
5/ ocifNrwfqdkif? &efukefûrdU?
6/ OD;cif[ef (or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf) &efukefûrdU?
7/ OD;a½TNynfh? awmifukwfûrdU?
awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú| pwifcJhaom vlaovlNzpf0g'ESifh wEG,fiifwpifyg or®m'd|dokawoe
paom qefUusifbuf0g'wdkU a&muf½Sd&m ûrdUe,f^&yfuGuf^aus;½GmwdkUü Nzpfay:vsuf&Sdaom "r® t"r®
tNiif;yGm;rI? 0de, t0de, tNiif;yGm;rI paom 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rIudk aNyNidrf;ap&ef tvdkUiSm
NynfolUvTwfawmfu wnDwñGwfwnf; Ny|mef;ay;xm;aom 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm;
aNz½Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmf oHCmr[mem,utzGJUu
0dedpä,csrSwfcsuf
1/ OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfaMumif; apm'emcsufESifh ywfowfí
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf pdwf apwoduf ½kyf edAÁmef y&rw¬w&m; av;yg;udk taNccHí 0w¬½kyfaNcmufyg;
tm½HkaNcmufyg; 0dnmPf 6-yg;wdkUudk 24-ypönf;ü oGif;í ½Sif;vif;aom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\
aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoD qdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf yom'½kyfig;yg;? ½kyftm½Hkig;yg;udkom uGufí,lNyD;
,if;½kyfudk t½Sdw&m; edpöw&m;tNzpf rlaoudkifNyD; emrfw&m;udkrl tNzpfw&m; vufatmufcHw&m;tNzpf
xm;½Sdaom {upöoów ½kyf0g'rsdK; NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkUonf xdk½kyf0g'tNrifNzifhom
t&m&mudk oHk;oyf½INrifNyD; Ak'¨ "r® oHCm tNrwfqHk; &wemwdkUudk ykwfcwfy,fzsufNcif;tm;Nzifh
o&P*Hkr½Sdaom bmom omoemrJh tNzpfwGifom ½SdaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
2/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf vlaoaomtcg a'0*wd? rEkó*wd? wd&päme*wd? ayw*wd?
ed&,*wd(ewf? vl? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? i&J) [laom *wdig;yg;udk rdrdwdkU ûyvkyfaom ukodkvf tukodkvf
uHtm;avsmfpGm vm;a&muf&aom 0g' NzpfNyD; awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú|\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g' tNrif twdkif;
vlaovQif aemufxyfNzpf&efrvdk tu,fí NzpfOD;rnfqdkvQif vlrS wpfyg; tNcm;aom vm;zG,f*wd r½Sd?
vlomvQif Nzpf&rnf [k Oapä''d|d? oów 'd|dudk ,laomtm;Nzifh Ak'¨0g'udk qefUusifaom0g'
NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
3/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\0g'onf MoumoavmuNzpfaom 31-bHk\ yifudk,ftm;Nzifh
wnf&Sdaeonfudk vufcHNyD; xdk 31-bHkü Nzpf&ef taMumif;w&m;rsm; xdk31-bHkrS xGufaNrmuf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udk ñTefNyaom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG wynfhaemufvdkufwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU\ rsufpdNzifh
Nrif&aom vlUbHkESifh wd&pämefbHkudkom vufcHí 31-bHkudk vufrcHaom0g' ½Sdolrsm; NzpfonfhtNyif
NrwfpGmbk&m;udkyif 31-bHk0g' vufrcHav[ef pGyfpGJxm;aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
4/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf ur®óuwor®m'd|d? psmeor®m'd|d? 0dyóemor®m'd|d?
r*¾or®m'd|d? zvor®m'd|d? ypöa0u©Pmor®m'd|dtm;Nzifh ppfrSefaom or®m'd|d (6)rsdK;udk taNccHonfh twdkif;
uH uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk ouf0if,HkMunfrI? ur®óuw or®m'd|dudk taNccHupí vufcHaom0g'NzpfNyD;
OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufvdkufwynfhrsm;\ 0g'onf tvªay;Ncif;? OykofapmifhNcif;? bm0emtm;xkwfNcif;
ponfNzifh uH uH\ tusdK;w&m;qdkif&m udpörsm;udk tZdwauourÁv wdw¬dwuúwGef; uJhodkU y,faom0g'
NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
2/ b'´EÅ Z0embd0Ho(tzGJU0if)
Z0embd0Hom½Hkausmif;wdkuf
êudUyifaumufûrdU/
3/ b'´EÅ"r®mbd0& (tzGJU0if)
uHwGif;qkawmif;Nynfhausmif;?
NynfûrdU/
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU?
ZrÁK'Dyausmif;aqmif?
urÇmat;ukef;aNr? &efukefûrdU/
taMumif;t&m/ /EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2)\ "r® t"r® rIcif; trSwf(2)
qHk;Nzwfcsufudk qufuyfNcif; udpöyg bk&m; -
&nfñTef;csuf/ /1343-ck? e,kefvqkwf 9-&uf ? 1981-ck? ZGefv 26-&uf aeUpGJyg EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJUrS a½G;cs,fonfh EdkifiHawmf A[dk oHCmh0efaqmif
q&mawmfrsm;om yg0ifaom oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) zGJUpnf;Ncif;
trdefUpmudk &nfñTef;ygonf/
½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJU0if q&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
txufazmfNyyg trdefUt& vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; tydk'f 25-26-35 wdkUESifhtnD obmywd q&mawmf
a½G;cs,fNyD;vQif yHkpH 5-Nzifh apm'u pk'dwu q&mawmfrsm;ESifh pk'dwu vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk qifhac:í 1343-
ck? e,kef vqkwf 13-&uf ? 1981-ck ? ZGefv(30) &ufaeU? eHeuf 8-em&D tcsdefrS pí &efukefûrdU?
urÇmat;ukef;aNr? ty&a*g,me ausmif;aqmif txufxyf oD;Ncm; 0dedpä, ½Hk;cef;ü
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ yxr wifoGif;aom apm'emudk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;? 1343-ck
0gqdkvqef;(3)&uf? 1981-ck? Zlvdkifv 4-&ufaeU eHeuf 8-em&D tcsdefrSpí apm'emq&mawmfrsm;
aemufqHk;wifoGif;aom 0daoo apm'emudk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
1343-ck 0gqdkvqef;(7)&uf (8)&uf? 1981-ckESpf? Zlvdkifv(8)&uf (9)&ufaeUrsm;wGif eHeuf (8)
em&DrS pí pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfwdkU wifoGif;aom aom"emacsyvTmrsm;udk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;? apm'u
pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfwdkU wifoGif;vTmrsm;udk pmrlNzifh wifoGif;apcJhygonf? ,if;apm'em aom"em
pmrlrsm;ESifhwuG oufaocHtNzpf wifNyxm;aom vlaovlNzpf0g'? or®m'd|d0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'qdkif&m
pmtkyf pmwrf; wdwfacG "mwfyHkrsm;udk 1343-ck? 0gqdkvqef; (8)&ufaeUnaerSpí aeUpOf aeUwdkif;
2/ OD;cif[ef 73 Ouú|? or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJU
pD'D - 020435 t rSwf-313? oGif½HkteD;?
AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? &efukef
3/ OD;a½TNynfh 61 Ouú|?
a½Ttbd"r®mtzGJU?
awmifukwfûrdU? &cdkifNynfe,f
pdefvGif
0efMuD;? Nynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpf NrefrmEdkifiHawmf
NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efMuD;Xme/
usrf;pmtkyf"r®'getvª½Sif
tqufrNywfvnfywf yHkESdyfxkwfa0Edkifap&ef
"r®'ge'g,umrsm;
OD;ausmfñGefU + a':oef;Nrifh
NynfhpHñGefUukrÜPD
aiGMum&H&dyfom? yg&rDvrf;
awmifOuúvmyûrdUe,f? &efukefûrdU/
ewfvlom"kac:apaomf0f/ /