Q. Define dienes and what are conjugated dienes and non conjugated dienes?

DIENES:

In organic chemistry a diene or diolefin is a hydrocarbon that contains two carbon double

bonds. Conjugated dienes are functional groups, with a general formula of CnH2n-2. Dienes and alkynes
are functional isomers. Dienes occur occasionally in nature but are widely used in the polymer industry.

Classes
Dienes can be divided into three classes, depending on the relative location of the double bonds:

1. Cumulated dienes have the double bonds sharing a common atom as in a group of compounds
called allenes.
2. Conjugated dienes have conjugated double bonds separated by one single bond.

Example:

1,3 butadiene

3. Unconjugated dienes have the double bonds separated by two or more single bonds. They are
usually less stable than isomeric conjugated dienes.

4. Compounds that contain more than two double bonds are called polyenes. Polyenes and dienes,
share many of their properties

Q. What is metal Passivation?

Definition:  Metal Passivation - A corrosion prevention process in which a chemically-active metal

surface is rendered passive or whose reactivity is reduced. Metal passivation may be carried out
by electrochemical polarization or by immersion in a passivating solution. It may also occur as a
result of exposure to the atmosphere in a natural environment.
What are associated and non associated natural gas?

Natural gas:Natural gas,colourless, highflammable gaseous hydrocarbon consisting primilary of

methane and ethane .

Non-associated gas: Natural gas which is in reservoirs that do not contain significant quantities of crude oil

Associated gas: It is a type of petroleum that commonly occur in association with crude oil.Natural gas is often dissolved in

oil at high pressure existing in a reservoir and it can be present as a gas cap above the oil.Such natural gas is known as

associated natural gas.

Associated gas usually contain some liquid and hence is sometimes called wet gas.

Q. What is cyclization?

Definition:
 
formation of rings: the formation of one or more hydrocarbon rings in an organic compound

Example:

 Benzene is a well known example

Naphthalene, a polycyclic compound.

Benzene, a cyclic compound.

Q.