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Drug Study Epinephrine Lidocaine Diazepam
Drug Study Epinephrine Lidocaine Diazepam
Potentially Fatal:
O Cimetidine and
propranolol increase
plasma concentration
and toxicity.
O Increased risk of
myocardial
depression with beta
blockers and other
antiarrhythmics
Indication/ Side effect/Adverse
Drug Mechanism of Action Nursing considerations
Contraindication effect
Generic name: Indications: a long-acting Most common: o Can lead to
Diazepam o Anxiety disorders benzodiazepine with o Drowsiness addiction
o For the treatment of anticonvulsant, o Fatigue (dependency),
Classification: agitation, tremors, anxiolytic, sedative, o ataxia (loss of especially when
Benzodiazepine , delirium, seizures, muscle relaxant and balance). higher dosages are
Anxiolytic and hallucinations amnestic properties. It Rare used over prolonged
resulting from increases neuronal O Muscle spasm periods of time.
Dosage alcohol withdrawal membrane permeability O Confusion o Diazepam is
10mg/2ml o Treatment of to chloride ions by O Depression excreted in breast
seizures and relief of binding to O Speech problems milk and can affect
muscle spasms in stereospecific O Double vision nursing infants.
some neurological benzodiazepine Therefore, diazepam
diseases. receptors on the should not be used by
postsynaptic GABA women who are
Contraindication: neuron within the CNS nursing.
o Pregnancy and enhancing the o Alcohol or
o Nursing mothers GABA inhibitory medications that
o Hypersensitivity effects resulting in cause sedation may
o Myasthenia hyperpolarisation and add to the sedative
gravis, stabilization. GABA is effects of diazepam.
o Preexisting CNS a neurotransmitter (a Patients taking
chemical that nerve benzodiazepines
depression or coma
cells use to should avoid such
o respiratory
communicate with each combinations.
depression;
other) that inhibits o The following
o acute pulmonary
activity in the brain. It drugs may prolong
insufficiency is believed that the effects of
o sleep apnoea excessive activity in the diazepam by
syndrome;
o severe hepatic brain may lead to inhibiting liver
impairment; anxiety or other enzymes that break
o acute narrow psychiatric disorders. down diazepam.
angle glaucoma; Dosages may need to
o children <6 mth be decreased when
(oral) these drugs are used
with diazepam.
− Cimetidine
(Tagamet)
− Ketoconazole
(Nizoral),
− Omeprazole
(Prilosec,
Rapinex),
− Fluvoxamine
(Luvox), and
− Fluoxetine
(Prozac)