Chapter 38

1. The life cycles of angiosperms and other plants are characterized by an alternation of
generations, in which haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations take turns producing each
other.The diploid plant, the sporophyte, produces haploid spores by meiosis. These spores
divide by mitosis, giving rise to multicellular male and female haploid plants—the
gametophytes.
2. A. Leaf-like structures at flower base, protects young flower bud.
B. Located in and above the sepals, often large and colourful, sometimes scented, sometimes
producing nectar. Often serve to attract pollinators to the plant.
C. Male part of the flower, consisting of the anther and filament, makes pollen grains.
D. Female part of the flower. Consisting of the stigma, style and ovary.
3. A.Staminate flowers:  Flowers bearing only male sex parts. These are sometime referred to as
"male flowers".
B. Carpellate\Pistillate Flowers: Flowers bearing only female sex parts. These are sometimes
referred to as "female flowers".
4. The endosperm is rich in nutrients, which it provides to the developing embryo.
5. Embryo is nourished by the stored starch
6.

7. It has to be fertilized, viable and mature. This

viable seed then needs the correct environment to become activated. Temperature is vital.
Moisture whether from an internal or external source is also necessary. Some seeds like cockle-
burr can lay dormant for over 20 years and when conditions are right they germinate.
8. Plants are made up of cells and tissues that carry within them the ability to regenerate the
entire plant structure called as totipotency, which ensures offspring completely identical to the
parent. This means any part of the plant; leaves, stems, buds or roots are capable of
reproducing a new individual plant under suitable conditions. This method of reproducing is
known as asexual reproduction in plants, learn more about plant cell structure and parts.
Following are a few examples of asexual reproduction.
9.