EPF 4703 26 Jan 2011

Pop Quiz 1

1. A tomato-juice evaporator takes in juice at the rate of 1200 kg h-1. If the concentrated
juice contains 35% of solids and the hourly rate of removal of water is 960 kg, calculate
the moisture content of the original juice and the quantity of steam needed per hour for
heating if the evaporator works at a pressure of 10 kPa and the heat available from the
steam is 2200 kJ kg-1. Assume no heat losses. Good luck!

Solution:

Tomato juice concentration

Basis: tomato juice 1200kgh-1 Concentrate 35% solids

(a) Water content of original juice

Mass In (kg) Mass Out (kg)
Juice 1200 Water 960

Concentrate 240

Total 1200 Total 1200

Water 1116 Water removed 960

Solids 84 Water in concentrate 156

Solids in concentrate 84

Total 1200 Total 1200

Therefore Water in juice = 93%

Solids in juice = 7%
(b) Quantity of steam
Evaporator pressure 10kPa

Heat available from steam 2200kJkg-1

Water removed 960kgh-1

From Appendix 8, Latent heat of evaporation at 10kPa = 2393 kJkg-1 and

Temperature of evaporation = 45.8 oC

Therefore heat for evaporation = 2393 x 960kJh-1

= 2297.3 x 103kJh-1

From Appendix 7, specific heat of tomatoes 3.98 kJkg-1 oC-1

So sensible heat for raising temperature from 25 to 45.8oC

= wt. x sp.ht x temp.rise

= 1200 x 3.98 x 20.8

= 99.3 x 103 kJh-1

Total heat needed = (2297.3 x 103 + 99.3 x 103)

= 2397 x 103kJh-1

So steam needed = (2397 x 103 )/ (2.200 x 103)

= 1089 kgh-1