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17
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20 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
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22 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
keyword
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has : attachment attach zkdifrSeforQ - Oyrm From: Mg Mg has:attachment armifarmifqDu
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file name: file name eJY &SmazGjcif; - file name : match.xls
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in: inbox inbox, trash, spam boxes - in: trash from: mg mg trdIufyHk;xJa&mufaewJh armifarmif
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in: spam
after : aeYpGJtvkduf&SmazGjcif; - Oyrm - after : 2007 / 1/ 1
before: ESpf? v? &uf pDpOfonf - before : 2007/ 1/15 qdkvdkwm 2006 ckESpf 1 &uf 1 v
aeNyD;aemuf 15 &uf twGif; Mail awG &SmazGr,f/

24 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 29

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1. Gmail plugins and tools
http://mihd.net/qk 38 ew
2. Google for Dummies
http://mihd.net/7g1ox9
3. Google services API
http://mihd.net/4sj bwa
4. Google hacking
http:// mihd.net /czhead
5. Discover Google
http://mihd.net/6o9yuz
6. business with google
http://mihd.net /2z pe86
7. Learn google
http:// www.depositfiles/ files/
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42 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 43

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44 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

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9/ Gmail u tJ'Dvdyfpmudk zrf;,lNyD;aqmufxm;wJh label
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10/ Label udk zGifhMunfhvdkufr,fqdk&if tckepmudk awGYjrif
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taMumif;udk oD;oefYaqG;aEG;ay;ygr,f/)
Webclips- uawmh google uae feedback awGukd internet
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49
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jrifuGif;rSmyg0ifwJh 'free photo organizer' qdkwm
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50 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
EkdifwJh 'photo editing software' av;wpfckyg/ Install
vkyf&mrSm google product awG&JU xHk;pHtwkdif; vG,ful
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Adobe &JU 'photoshop element' ACDsee &JU photoeditor
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internet ay:rSm "mwfyHkawGudk odkavSmifzdkY tcrJh 30 Mb
ay;xm;wJh ae&mav; wpfckyg/ 'sign up' vkyfzkdYtwGuf
Gmail account wpfckyJ vkdygw,f/
OMB (0%) - qdkwmuawmh Gmail udk udk,fvuf&SdoHk;pGJ
xm;wJh yrmPtwkdif;twmjzpfNyD; 2819 Mb uawmh 2.8
Gb &JU Maga bytes ta&twGufyg/
- 'chat' qdkwJh function [m wcsKdUvlBuD;awGtwGuf uav;
uvm;qefaer,fqdk&if 'standard without chat' udk click
ESdyfvkduf&if 'Chat' function ryg0ifwJh Mail wpfckudk &&Sd
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- usefwmawGuawmh Google &JU owif;rl0g'eJY vHkNcHKa&;
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Mail jrifuGif;&JU xdyfqHk;rSm&SdwJh rIef0g;0g;eJY pmao;
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awGyg/
calendar (http:// calendar. google.com) [m aeYpGJtvkduf
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"Docs & spreadsheets" (image.docs) uawmh micro-
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52 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf


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53
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owif; xkwfjyefcsufawmh r&Sdao;yg/
Gmail is safety?
Q: google uae uReaf wmhf email awGukd zGizhf wf
Munfrh mS vm;/
A: google uae 'privacy' rSm user &JU Email
awGudk b,fawmhrS zGifhzwfvdrfhr,fr[kwfqdkwJh
tcsuf wpfck yg&Sdygw,f/ google &JU technology
[m tqifhjrifhvSwJh twGufaMumifh Email &JU 'Ads'
rSm ukd,fydkYvkdufwJh Mail awGeJY oufqdkifwJh
aMumfjimawG vmaewmudk awGY&wmyJ jzpfygw,f/
Gmail, password ESifh
Internet explorer
Q: wpfcgwek ;f u tefu,f Gmail oH;k ae&if;eJY rD;ysuf
oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'geJY cyber cafe uae jyefoGm;wm
aemufaeYa&mufawmh vlwpfa,mufu tefu,fh
Gmail udk oH;k Ny;D pifumylrmS a&mufaewJh tefu,f
orD;eJY pum;0ifajymoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'g b,fvakd Mumifh
jzpf&wmvJ/
A: jzpfEkdifp&mtaMumif;uawmh trsm;BuD; &Sdyg
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYqDrSmu Internet explorer
firefox eJY opera yJ toHk;rsm;Muygw,f/ tJ'DrSm
enf;ynmt&ajym&&if vGefcJhwJh wpfem&Davmuf
uae oH;k oGm;wJh account wpfcu k kd jyefac:MunfEh idk f
wJh 'cache' system qdw k mawmh &Syd gw,f/ 'gayr,fh
odyjf rifv
h eG ;f ygw,f/ awmfawmfav;udk uRrf;usifwhJ
ynm&SifawGrSom &Ekdif odEkdifrSmyg/ odyfNyD; ruRrf;
usifbJeJY [dkuvd 'DuvdeJYwif password udk
tvG,fwul&EkdifwJh enf;vrf;awGawmh &Sdw,f/
tefu,fajymwJh tJ'Dvdk rD;ysufoGm;ayr,fh cyber
cafe awG&JU jyKvkyfxm;wJh system u cPwmyJ
armfeDwmudk ydwfcsay;vkdufwmyg/ CPU udk rydwf
wJhtwGuf rD;tm;udk jyef&wmeJY PC screen [m
jyef a y:vmwwf y gw,f / b,f v d k browser yJ
jzpfygap gmail udk zGifh&if username, password
jznfhNyD;wmeJY 'save my password this computer'
qdkwJh check box rSm 'No' 'grSr[kwf 'cancel'
vkyfyg/
wu,fvkdY 'yes' vkyfcJhr,fqdk&if aemufoHk;pGJr,fh
vl[m Oyrma&SUu vl[m username- Mg Mg
qdk&if emrnftjynfht0awmif ½dkufaep&mrvdkbJ
]M} wpfvHk;wnf; ½dkufvkdufwmeJY username a&m?
password a&m tvdkvdk &oGm;Ekdifygw,f/ IE [m
tJ'D tm;enf;csuf &Sdygw,f/
Opera rSmuawmh gmail inbox xJukd ra&muf
Ekdifayr,fh ukd,fh&JU 'personalized home page' udk
a&mufoGm;EkdifwmrdkY tEÅ&m,fBuD;ygw,f/ Firefox
rSmuawmh tJ'DtEÅ&m,frsKd; BuHK&cJygw,f/
'Gtalk' rSmvnf; sign out rvkyr f cd ifrmS rD;ysuf
oGm;vdYk ? tcsderf &awmhvYkd pwJh taMumif;t&mrsKd;pHek YJ
ukd,fh Gmail udk cdk;oHk;cJh&wmawG[m aocsm awG;
Munfhr,fqdk&if cPwm? ,m,D (jyóem r&Sdbl;)
vkdY xif&ygr,f/ Oyrm- Gmail xJu pmawGudk
'Delete all' tvkyfcH&Ekdifw,f/ Gtalk rSm udk,fh
pD;yGm;a&; rdwaf qGawGukd ud, k af ,mifaqmifNyD; qJqkd
wm cH&Ekdifw,f/ 'DavmufygyJ/ olYtaeeJY pass-
word rodEkdifygbl;vdkY ajzawG;vdkY &Ekdifayr,fh
tEÅ&m,fawmh txdkuftavsmuf &Sdygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'Dvdk vSnfhuGufawGeJY BudK;pm;Munfhyg/
Gtalk rSm
(1) Sign out rjzpfrcsif; rxGufygeJY/
(2) Sign out jzpfNyD;vdkY Gtalk interface jyef
ay:vmwJhtcgrSm ½dkufcsifwm ½dkufNyD; (Oyrm-
asdfdf) password udkvnf; MudKuf&m ½dkufyg/
(3) login jyef0ifyg/ (user name [m aygufyef;
aps; ½du
k x
f m;wJt
h wGuf vlr&Sw
d t
hJ wGuf Gtalk
uae server error jyNyDqdkawmhrS xGufcGmyg/
Gmail rSm
(1) jzpfEkdif&if firefox aemufqHk; version udkom
oHk;yg/
(2) rjzpfEkdifvdkY IE oHk;&NyDqdkvQif password udk
vuf&SdoHk;wJh computer eJY save rvm;vdkY
ar;&if 'cancel' 'No' vkyfyg/
(3) b,f browser udkrqdk oHk;NyD;wkdif;rSm history
ukd &Sif;ypfyg/
IE &JU history ukd 'Dvdk&Sif;yg/
- internet options zGifhyg/
- General tab udkoGm;yg/
- Temporary internet files atmuf r S
Delete files rsm;ukd Click ESdyfyg/
- all offline content udk check vkyfNyD;
&Sif;ypfyg/
Firefox &JU history pm&if;udk 'DvkdoGm;yg/
- tools menu udkoGm;yg/
- Options &JU Clear private Data udk
click ESdyfyg/
- &SdorQ cookies and cache box rsm;udk
check ay;NyD; OK ESdyfyg/
Opera &JU history ukd 'Dvdk&Sif;yg/
- clear private Dela udk zGifhyg/
- yes udk Click ESdyfyg/
4. password cdk;cH&NyDvdkY ododcsif;rSm aemufxyf
password topfwpfckudk csufcsif;vJypfyg/
a. Gmail &JU settings udkoGm;yg/
b. account settings rSm password udk ajymif;
ypfEkdifygw,f/
Gmail rSm user name 2 ck &Ekid o
f vm;/
Q: uRefrtaeeJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyfzdkY&,f? oli,fcsif;awG
twGu&f ,f cGjJ cm;Ny;D vuf&dS account wpfcwk nf;rSmyJ
username udk ESpcf k ,lxm;csiyf gw,f/ b,fv&kd Ekid f
rvJ/
A: r&Ekdifyg/ yahoo mail rSmawmh 'DvkdrsKd;enf;eJY
&Ekdifygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 57


(1) Options ukdoGm;yg/
(2) Mail rSm add address udkESdyfNyD; udk,fvdkcsifwJh
emrnfay;yg/ 'gayr,fh t&ifu ukd,f,lcJhwJh
emrnfeJY cyfqifqifudkom &ygr,f/
(3) tdkau
aemiftcgrSm password wpfckwnf;eJY user-
name ESpfrsKd;udk oHk;vdkY&ygw,f/ Gmail rSmuawmh
vSnfhuGufwpfcktaeeJY filter wnfaqmufNyD; label
awGrSm cGJjcm;oHk;vdkY &Ekdifygw,f/ rvdktyfbJeJYawmh
Gmail account awGudk rsm;rsm;pm;pm; r,lap
csifyg/ internet oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;wpfavQmufrSm
rvkdtyfbJ pkNyHKusyfcJaer,fqkd&if connection
aES;auG;rI'Pfukd user awGyJ cH&rSmyg/ vdktyf&if
awmh 'kwd, account zefwD;yg/ forward tool udk
toH;k csNyD; rlvaccount xJuv kd aJT jymif;ay;zdYk rSmMum;
xm;Ekdifygw,f/
tukeftusoufomatmifvdkY
Q: armif&ifav; ,Hkyghrvm;awmhrodbl;/ tefwD
rav;&Sm;u cifyeG ;f qDukd internet oH;k Ny;D pmydw
Yk m pm
wpfapmifwnf;udk 1500 ausmfawmifusoGm;w,f/
rif;wkYd Gmail u jrefwmawmh [kwyf g&?UJ 'Dxuf tukef
tusoufomatmifvkyfr,fh enf;vrf;r&Sdbl;vm;
uG,/f
A: &Sdygw,fcifAsm/ Cyber cafe awG&JU wpfem&D
aps;EIef; [m 300 usyfuae 1500 txd &Sdygw,f/
'gaMumifh basic pay taeeJY wpfem&D 500 k EIef;eJY
wGufMunfh&atmifvm;/ ukd,fudk,fwkdifu 'typing'
udk (wpfrdepf tvHk; 40 EIef;) uRrf;usifae&ifawmh
pmwpfapmifydkYzdkYtwGuf 10 rdepfavmufom Mum
rSmyg/ udk,fu typing uvnf; ruRrf;usif? inter-
58 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
net rSmuvnf; beginner tqifhqdkwJh vlawGu
awmh 'DvdkBudK;pm;Munfhyg/
(1) tdrrf mS pmudk BudKwifa&;oGm;NyD; tjyifwpfae&m
u pmpDpm½dkufqkdifrSm ½dkufckdif;yg/ NyD;&if tJ'D
pmudk Disc eJY burn ckdif;yg/ tJ'gtm;vHk;
twGufu ukefusaiG 500 yJ&SdrSmyg/
(2) cyber cafe a&mufwJhtcg aumifwmrSm tacG
ay;NyD; udk,fh Data awGudk udk,fxkdifr,fh PC
xJudk vTJajymif;ckdif;yg/ NyD;rS Gmail zGifhNyD;
copy ul;NyD; pmydkYyg/ tJ'DtwGufu ukefus
aiGu 250 xuf rydkygbl;/
(3) tdrfrSm BudKa&;oGm;wJhtwGuf pdwfat; vuf
at;eJY rSmcsifwm rSmvdkY&Ekdifovdk pmvHk;aygif;
trSm;awGvnf; r&Sdawmhygbl;/ pmpDpm½dkuf
vkyfr,fqdk&ifvnf; ukd,fvdkcsifovdk jrefrm
pmvm;? t*Fvdyfpmvm; vdkcsifovdk &Ekdifyg
vdrfhr,f/
(4) Disc udk'Multi session' eJY 'burn' ckdif;xm;
r,fq&kd if aemifrmS wjcm;pmawGtrsm;BuD; xyf
aygif;xnfhvdkY &ygao;w,f/
(5) tdrfrSm uGefysLwm&SdwJh vlawGuawmh tvGef
oufomygw,f/ 'Notepad' eJY BudK½dkufvmNyD;
'copy-paste' vkyfNyD; ydkYae½HkygyJ/ tJ'Dvdk
vkyfwm tavhtusifh rsm;oGm;&if pmtapmif
40 avmufudk 6 rdepftwGif; ydkYEkdifrSmyg/USB
tumb drive eJY BudK;pm;wJh aemufwpfenf;
vnf; &Sdygao;w,f/
(6) video chat awG[mvnf; rsufESmcsif;qkdif
pum;ajymqdkvdkY&NyD; tukeftus oufomEkdif
ygw,f/ (aemufvrSm a&;om; azmfjyay;ygh
r,f/)
b,f Email [m taumif;qH;k vJ/
Q: Email wpfck,lzdkY &Sdygw,f/ Gmail uvnf;
emrnfBu;D w,f/ Ekid if jH cm;rSmawmh yahoo eJY hotmail
toHk;rsm;Muw,f/ 'unlimited' qdkwJh tuefYtowf
r&Sw
d hJ webmail uvnf; &Sad o;w,f/ b,f Email
[m taumif;qH;k vJ/ aus;Zl;jyKNy;D wpfceG ;f yJ ajzay;yg/
A: w&m;0if 0,foHk;wJh Email
 Gmail rSm jrefrmvdk a&;csi&f if 3. yHkay:vm&if Click ESdyf
NyD; key csdef;vkdufyg/
Q: uRerf &Jo
U m;[m rav;&Sm;rSm tvkyv f yk af eygw,f/ 4. Gmail &JU pmydkY&r,fh inbox xJrSma&mufvQif
olq
Y u
D kd pmydcYk si&f if English vdyk J ½du
k yf aYkd e&w,f/ tJ'g Ctrl + Shift udk wpfcsufESdyfNyD; jyefvTwf
aMumifrh Ykd uRerf ajymcsiw
f mawGukd jynfjh ynfph pkH kH rajymEkid f vku d yf g/ 'g[m t*Fvyd Ef iS hf jrefrmudk font csde;f
bl; jzpfaew,f/ Gmail oH;k Ny;D jrefrmvdk pmydEYk idk rf ,fh vdkufwmyg/
enf;vrf;rsm; &Syd govm; &Si/f aemufNy;D Gtalk rSmvnf; 5. tckcsdefupNyD; pm½dkufEkdifygNyD/
jrefrmvdk ajymcsiyf gw,f/
A: &Sdygw,f/ vG,fvnf; odyfvG,fygw,f/ inter-
net user rSmu home user eJY cyber cafe user
qdkNyD; ESpfrsKd;&Sdawmh tefwDu cyber cafe user
jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkvkyfygcifAsm Gmail rSm jrefrm
vdk pmydkYzdkYtwGuf PC rSm 'mymyanmar system'
udk install vkyfxm;&ygvdrfhr,f/ Cyber cafe &JU
Admin rsm;udk 'mymyanmar' udk install vkyfzdkY
awmif;qdkyg/ install vkyf&wmvnf; odyfjrefNyD;
rBudKufawmhrS tcsdefra&G; 'uninstall' jyefvkyfypf 6. tJ'pD mudk vufcrH ,fo
h rl mS vnf; Mymyanmar
yg/ system &Sdae&ygvdrfhr,f/ (EdkYr[kwfygu av;
tJ'Dvdk install vkyfzdkYtwGufvnf; b,folY axmifhtwHk;av;rsm; ay:aeygvdrfhr,f/)
rqdk w&m;0if ul;,loHk;pGJcGifhudk 'mymyanmar' u 7. tcuftcJ wpfpHkwpf&mawGYBuHK&ygu presi-
ay;xm;ygw,f/ dent@technomation.org odkY Email ydkY ar;
1. http:// www. mymyanmar .net udk ½dkufyg/ jref;Ekdifygw,f/(technomation qdkwmu
2. mymyanmar system udk install vkyfyg/ Mymyanmar eJY MySM udk atmifjrifpmG arG;
(vdktyfvQifzwf½IEkdifzdkYtwGuf pdf file awGeJY xkwfay;cJhwJh tzGJYtpnf;wpfckyg)
tBuHay; vrf;nTefcsufawGvnf; tJ'D site xJ 8. Gtalk rSm jrefrmvdk ajymzdkYtwGufawmh aemuf
rSm &Sdaeygw,f/) vrSm azmfjyay;ygr,fcifAsm/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f

197 (c)? yxrxyf?

33 vrf;? &efukef/
zkef; - 387305

60 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

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Password aumif;wpfck jzpf&ef

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789

&JU vrf;nTecf suf

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
Microsoft
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789

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vdIif&JUarG;aeY pwJh words
awGukd twdak umuf pDwef;cs
vkduf&if 'phrase' aumif;
wpfck xGufvmEkdifygw,f/
(2) tu©&m? eHygw?f oauFw
wdu
Yk kd aygi;f pyfyg/
tu©&mqdkwJhae&mrSm
(a to z) &Sdovdk special

62 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf


character awGjzpfwJh (2!
$#) pojzifhoHk;yg/ 'grSom
cefYrSef;olawGtzdkY cufcJEkdif
rS m yg/ 'gaMumif h cabcd
,1234, !$#) pwmawG u d k
aygif;xnfhyg/
(3) Keyboard rS m &S d w J h
common key awGudk roHk;
oifhygbl;/ 'gawG[m vlod
rsm;wJhtwGuf roifhawmfay
r,fah ygif;pyfo;kH pGEJ idk yf gw,f/
(4) Online ay:rS m &S d w J h
password manager udkoHk;
yg/ Website vdyfpmu ]] }}
jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D site [m
rdwaf qGvNkH cHKzdYk eYJ tusKd;ouf
a&mufr&I zdS Ykd tjynft h 0 ulnD
Ekdifygw,f/ google.com
uaewpfqifh &SmazGEkdifyg
w,f/
(5) ckdifrmwJh password jzpf
zdkY vdkufemoifhwJh pnf;rsOf;
awGudk vkdufemMunfhyg/
(a) Oyrmtm;jzifh rdwfaqG
rSwfrdr,fh pum;pkrsKd;udk pOf;
pm;Munfhyg/ My Son Mg
Mg is three years old
vdkrsKd;aygh/
(b) tJ'DvdkrsKd; phrase udk
oHk;r,fqdk&ifawmh words
awG&UJ tMum;rSm'space' cHay;
xm;yg/
(c) wu,fvdkY tJ'D pum;pk
udk roH;k bJ ajymif;jyefveS yf pf
r,f/ 'grSr[kwf&if twdk
aumufawG oHk;r,fqdk&if
awmh "MSMMityo" jzpfrmS
aygh/
(d) wcsKd U awG u awmh
UPPER CASE eJU lower-
case wdkYudk a&mpyfoHk;wwf
ayr,fh odyfawmh tm;rjyKyg
eJY/ wcsKdU website awG&JU
login form awG[m 'case
sensitive' jzpfNyD; pum;vHk;
tBuD;tao; a&G;wwfwJh
twGuf 'Shift' udk ukdifNyD;
pum;vHk;BuD; zefwD;&mrSm
jyóem&SdEkdifNyD; password
awG u d k v nf ; hightext
(****) awG e J Y jywwf y g
w,f/ odkYayr,fh Notepad
uae Copy+ paste ud k
toHk;csNyD; 'My Son Mg
Mg is three years old'
qdkwJh pum;pktwGuf armif
armifqdkwJh ae&mrSm "M2"
udkoHk;EkdifNyD; "three" qdkwJh
ae&mrSm "3" udkoHk;&if ydkNyD;
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
oifhawmfygw,f/ 'DvdkrsKd;
jzpfrSmaygh/ "MSM2i 340"
'grSr[kwf "mSM2I3YO "
aygh/
(e) &vmwh J password
aumif;? raumif;udk 'pass-
word checker' rS m vnf ;
0ifNyD; ppfaq;Ekdifygw,f/
(http://www.microsoft.
com/ athome/ security/
privacy/ password _
checker,mspx) is rdwfaqG
a&G;cs,fvdkufwJh password
wpfckudk tcrJh ppfaq;prf;
oyfay;NyD; tBuHÓPfay;ae
wJh ae&mrsKd;yg/
(6) rvkyo
f ifw
h mawGukd a&Smif
&Sm;yg/
(a) wpfqufwnf;jzpfaewJh
'sequence' awG j zpf w J h
'12345678' '222222' 'abc-
defg' pwmawGudk ½kdufESdyf
NyD; oifh&JUb0udk tysufrcH
ygeJY/
(b) tpm;xdk;vdkY&wwfwm
awG &Sdygw,f/ Oyrm 'i' udk
'1' eJY tpm;xdk;wmrsKd; 'a' udk
'@' eJ Y tpm;xd k ; wmrsKd ;
"m1cro$oft' 'p@sswOrd'
pwmawG[m vlodrsm;vSyg
w,f/ rSwfrdvG,fwmawGudk
ra&G;ygeJY/
(c) rdwfaqG&JU 'login name'
udk password tjzpf roHk;
ygeJY/ Oyrm Gmail rSm 'Mg
Mg @ gmail.com' qdk&if
password rS m 'MgMg'
tjzpf b,fawmhrS roHk;rdyg
apeJY/
(d) tbd"mefxJu pum;vHk;
awGudk roHk;ygeJY/ tbd"mef
qdw k m[m pum;vH;k a& oef;
ausmf w m r[k w f y gbl ; /
ti,fwef; programmer
wpfa,mufawmif t'J pD um;
vH k ; a&awG u d k 'generate
software' wpf c k t aeeJ Y
tvG,fwul wnfaqmuf
Ekdifygw,f/
(c) password wpfckwnf;
yHak oxm;wJt h usiu hf akd zsmuf
ypfyg/ ae&mrsKd;pHktwGuf
password t&Hoifhrsm;xm;
yg/ Oyrm Online ay:u
ta&tzwf r &wJ h forum
awG e J Y tjzLa&mif r ygwJ h
website awGukd 0ifwhJ pass-
word [m rdwfaqG&JU bank
udk qufoG,fwJh password
vHk;0 rjzpfoifhyg/
63
(7) blank option qdw
k m[m
bm*Pef;tu©&mrSray;bJ
oH k ; pG J w mud k ajymwmyg/
Oyrm - *Pef;wpfvHk;ay;&
r,f h password ae&mrS m
space bar &Spfcsufykwfwm
rsKd;aygh/ 'gayr,fh 'Dpepf[m
windows me window
2000 eJY tdkrif;aewJh win-
dows tkypf ak wGtwGuaf wmh
vdkufavsmnDaxGrIr&Sdygbl;/
'gayr,fh XP txuf orm;
rsm;awmh oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/
Oyrm 43 csuf 'spacebar'
ykwfNyD; '43' *Pef;udkyJ rSwf
xm;wmeJYudk tqifajyyg
w,f/
(8) 'gayr,fh 'blank pass-
word' [m tNrJwrf;awmh
raumif;ygbl;/ computer
password awGeJY ywfouf
NyD; tcuftcJ wpfpHkwpf&m
awG Y NyD q d k & if help line
(http://www. microsoft.
com/resources/ docu-
mentation/ windows/XP/
all/ proddocs/en-us/
default.mspx) udk owd&
yg/ password wpf c k u d k
b,fvdk pDrHcefYcGJrvJ/ cdkifrm
64
atmif b,fvdkwnfaqmuf
rvJ qdkwmawGudk &Sif;vif;
jyoxm;ygw,f/
(9) Email awGuaewpfqifh
rdwfaqG&JU password udk
b,fvdktaMumif;eJYrS rydkYyg
eJY/ rdwfaqG&JU email inbox
xJudk password change
ay;ygqd k N yD ; pmwpf a pmif
a&mufvmNyDqdkwmeJY owd
xm;yg/ tJ'Dpm[m tBuH
tzefjzpfzdkYrsm;ygw,f/
(10) password udk wpfv
wpfcgjzpfap ykHrSefajymif;vJ
ay;yg/ tJ ' D t vk y f [ m
tvkyf½Iyfaumif; ½Iyfygvdrfh
r,f/ 'gayr,fh rdwfaqG&JU
ypönf;OpömeJY ta&;BuD;wJh
owif ; tcsuf t vuf a wG
udk xde;f odr;f ay;zdYk taumif;
qHk; enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfyg
w,f/
(11) wu,fvdkY cyber cafe
awG? uGefysLwm"mwfcGJcef;?
shared system awGtpnf;
ta0;cef;rawG&JU avqdyf
awGrmS computercPwjzKwf
oH;k pG&J w,fq&kd if'password'
aygufMum;zdkY tvG,fulqHk;
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
ae&mawG y g/ Oyrmqd k & if
Gmail udk internet explo-
rer eJYoHk;pGJwJhtcgrSm pass-
word usef ae cJh wwf yg
w,f/ 'gaMumif'h browsing'
NyD;wkdif;rSm 'private data'
awGudk &Sif; vif; ypf yg/
'history' udkvnf; csefrxm;
ygeJY/
(12) Character awG u d k
aygif;xnfh&mrSm rSwfrdvG,f
ygap/ wcsKd U password
awG[m cefYreS ;f &cufcv
J w
S m
rSefayr,fh rdwfaqGudk,fwkdif
rSwfrdvG,fzdkY vdkygw,f/
(Oyrmtm;jzif-h unB9kno!,
? Cala3ltY, aRt-58ifCt)
pwmawG[m aumif;ayr,fh
t"dyÜm,frJhygw,f/
(13) wpfpHkwpfa,muf ab;
em;rSm&Sd&if oifh password
udk ½kdufrxnfhygeJY/ oifh
tvkyf&SifyJjzpfjzpf? oifh rdef;
uav; rdwfaqGyJ jzpfjzpf
aygh/
(14) ykdufqHtdwfawG? ukwf
tusÐabmif;bDawGxJudk pm
&GufeJYa&;rSwfNyD; o,froGm;
ygeJY/
(15) wu,fvdkY PDA eJY
handheld computer tydk&Sd
&if tJ'D devices awGtwGuf
password oD;oefYxm;yg/
(16) vlodrsm; xif&Sm;wJh
TV Zmwfvrf;wGJawG? oifh
rd o m;pk 0 if emrnf a wG u d k
(Oyrm- ]aqmif;OD;&Gufa<u
cspfoufao} ]armifarmif}
pojzifh toHk;rjyKygeJY/
(17) convert jyKEk d i f w J h
pum;vHk;aumif;rsm;udk pOf;
pm;yg/ 'DvdkrsKd; erlemawGudk
MunfhNyD; wnfaqmufEkdif
atmif BudK;pm;yg/
Tennis anyone?-!10sne1?
freeway- 5friewey?
computer journal-komjral
(18) 'password' tcdk;cH&NyD
vdYk odocd si;f tquftoG,f
tm;vH;k udk jzwfcsyg/ owif;
ay;oifw h hJ b@ma&;XmeawG?
shopping center awG ?
credit card XmeawGeJY oifh
rdwfaqGawGqDudk owif;
csufcsif;ay;ydkYyg/ t&mtm;
vHk;[m yHkrSeftwkdif; vnf
ywfaevdrfhOD;r,fvdkYawmh
tmrrcHEkdifygbl;/
]rD;} [m ravmifcifu
]wm;qD; umuG,f}vdkY&Ekdifyg
w,f / avmif N yD ; oG m ;&if
awmh topfuae jyefpzdkYyJ
&Sdawmhwmyg/ b,fvdkrsKd;
account twGufyJ jzpfap?
password tck d ; cH & w,f
qdkwm[m ESvHk;om;udk rD;
avmifcH&wmrsKd;vkdygyJ/
 uGeyf sLwmtufaq;
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uReaf wmfeYJ
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Search Program (odrYk [kw)f
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
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bufp&kH aqmhz0f J uko
d mvdck siw
f hJ uReaf wmf
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uRef awmf wdkY [m
owif;enf;ynm acwfBuD;
xJrSm a&mufaeMuolawGyg/
owif;qdkwmu uRefawmf
wdkY odcsifwmawG tm;vkH;
ygyJ/ tJ'gawGudk uRefawmf
wdkY tvG,fwuleJY odEkdifyg
w,f/ 'Dvdkacwfyg/ tJ'D
awmh uRefawmfwYkd odcsifwm
awGu rsm;wmeJY trQ uRef
awmfwdkY &&SdEkdifzdkY enf;ynm
u yHhydk;ay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
owif;ud&k &SEd idk w f ehJ nf;vrf;
toG,o f ,
G u
f kd ay;Ekid w f mu
enf;ynmygyJ/
uRef awmf wdkY [m
tod y nmyrmPawG
uvnf; wdk;wdk;vm&yg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh avhvm
olawGu qdk xm;ygw,f/
q,fpkESpftwGif;wpfckrSm
uRef a wmf w d k Y & J U tEk y nm
todynm yrmP[m 2 q
jzpfvmygw,fwJh/ aemifvm
r,fh ESpfawGrSmqdk&if 5 ESpf
wm umvtwGif;rSm ESpfq
jzpfvmawmhrSmvdkY ajymMuyg
w,f/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkY
[m todynm<u,f0olawG
jzpfvmygw,f/ 'Dtodynm
awGub kd ,fu&rvJ/ uGeyf sL
wmawGoHk;NyD; &Ekdifygw,f/
'gayr,fhayghAsm/ uGefysLwm
qdkwmuvnf; aqmhzf0J&SdrS
tvkyfjzpfygw,f/ aqmhzf0J
omr&S&d if jrm;wHr&Sw d hJ av;
vdkygyJ/ wkwfacsmif;wpf
acsmif; tjzpfom &SdrSmjzpfyg
w,f/ 'Dawmh aqmhzf0Ju
r&Sdrjzpfyg/ enf;ynm wdk;
wufrIawG ajymif;vJrIawG
u wpf & S d e f x d k ;
ajymif;vJae
w,f qdk
ayr,fhvnf; aqmhzf0JawGu
awmh uRefawmfwdkY pdwfaus
eyfz,
G af wG r&Sad o;bl;jzpfyg
w,f/ &SdwmawGvnf; xl;
rjcm;em;awGvdkYyJuRefawmf
xifygw,f/
aqmhzf0JawG Munfh&if bmrQ
xl;jcm;vmwmrawGY&ygbl;/
Update vkyfwmawGcsnf;
ygyJ/ csKdU,Gif;csufawGudk jyif
qiftm;jznfx h m;wmawGvnf;
jzpfaewwfygw,f/ 'Dawmh
uRefawmfwdkY&JU owif;ynm
awmfvSefa&;BuD;qdkwm 'gyJ
vm;/'Davmufav;yJvm;/
uGeyf sLwmudk uRefawmfwYdk u
vufESdyfpufxuf omwm
*Pef;wGupf ufxuf omvGef
wJth &m jzpfapcsiyf gw,f/
tckawmhAsm enf;enf;
av;yJ omwm awGY&yg
ao;w,f/
uRef a wmf h uG e f y sL
wmxJrSmqdk&if pm
awG? 0w¬KawG? rSwf
wrf ; awG ? ta<u;
pm&if;awG? aygifEHSrI
rsm;twGuf wu G cf suf
xm;rIawG pwmawG
wpfyHkBuD;ygyJ/ tJ'g
awGu uGefysLwmxJ
rSmyJ 0yfaewmyg/uRef
awmfawmh 'gawG&rdS eS ;f awmif
rodyg/ &Sdawmh &Sdaewmyg/
uRefawmfu uRefawmfwdkY
vdkcsifwJh owif;awGudk od
csiwf hJ pw
d uf ;l ay:vmwJt h csed f
rSm uReaf wmfwYkd uGeyf sLwm&JU
pGrf;tm;eJY &,lcsifygw,f/
OyrmAsm - program wpfck?

66 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f


uRefawmfh email awG pay;
r,fAsm/ uRefawmfhudkvnf;
a&mufvmwJh email tm;vHk;
udk ajymjyr,f/ ta&;BuD;
r,fh email awGukd xkwjf yay;
xm;r,f/ c&pfprwf a&muf
&ifvnf; uwfb,fEpS af pmif
ydkYoifhovJ/ b,folawGqD
ydkYoifhovJ qdkwmawG ajym
ay;&r,f A sm/ b@ma&;
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xGuaf e&ifawmif oluawmh
cifAsm;twGuf tvkyfvkyf
ay;aer,f/ cifAsm;wdkY uRef
awmfwdkY&JU ukd,fyGm;ayghAsm/
olu ylyefay;r,f/ tJ'g
rsKd;udk vdkcsifwm/ 'Dawmh
uRef a wmf pOf ; pm;w,f /
b,fvdk aqmhzf0JrsKd;jzpfrvJ/
awG Y & wmuawmh search
program ygyJ / Tracker
qdw k hJ aqmhz0f w
J pfcak wmh &Syd g
w,f/ olu cifAsm; uGefysL
wmay:&SdwJh bmrqdk vG,f
vG,fulul vsifvsifjrefjref
eJY &Smay;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh
apmapmu uRefawmfajymwJh
uRefawmfh uGefysLwmawG?
bmawG&SdrSef; rodqdkwmawG
udk olu azmfjyay;vmEkdif
ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;
b,fwek ;f uaemufq;kH tBudrf
cifAsm;&JUtarhqD? a':av;
qD? aemufq;kH cspfoq l D ay;ydYk
xm;wJh email udk azmfjyay;
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vmwJ h email awG x J u
ta&;ygwmawGuv kd nf; a&G;
cs,f azmfjyay;ygvdrfhr,f/
'Dawmh cifAsm;tzdkY ydkvG,ful
oG m ;NyD a ygh / ol Y t vk d v k d y J
olu update vkyfay; aeyg
vdrfhr,f/ cifAsm;u bmvkyf
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install vkyfay;½HkygyJ/
'gayr,fAh sm avmurSm
taumif;eJYtqd;k qdw k m tNrJ
'GefwGJaewwfwJh ed,mrudk
awmh rausmfvGefEkdifao;yg
bl;/ Window XP eJY r&bl;
ajymygw,f/ ukid ;f - b,feYJ
vk y f r vJ / ynm&S i f a wG u
'grsKd ; awG u d k bmvd k Y rsm;
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aemufuRefawmfwdkYrSm
taESmifht,Suf jzpfaewm
av;wpfckvnf; &Sdygao;
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY search
program udk oHk;wmav/
tifwmeufrSm oHk;wmudk
ajymwmyg/ uRefawmfwdkY od
csifwm? vdktyfwmudk &SmazG
wJhtcgrSm 0efaqmifrIay;wJh
ukrÜPDu uRefawmfwdkY&JU
search awG u d k rS w f w rf ;
wif x m;ygw,f / Search
record awGudk odrf;xm;yg
w,f/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmf
wdYk &UJ pdwu
f ;l tawG;awG pdwf
0ifpm;rIawGukd azmfjyaeovdk
jzpfaejyefw,f/ uRefawmf
wdkY&JU acgif;xJrSm&SdwJh t&m
tm;vH;k eD;yg;udkt'J rD w S wf rf;
awGu azmf j yaeygw,f /
'Dawmh uRefawmfwYkd bmjzpf
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taMumif;udk 'DrSwfwrf;awG
u uRefawmfwdkY&JU rdarG;wJh
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oGm;jyefwmaygh/ uRefawmf
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
wdYk &UJ privacyqdw k m r&Sad wmh
bl;jzpfoGm;jyefw,f/ Oyrm
- AOL u okawoeukrP
awGudk 'DrSwfwrf;awG ay;
vd k u f w ,f w J h / 'D o wif ;
Mum;awmh vefYomG ;rdygw,f/
'gayr,fh AOL wdkY? Yahoo
wdkY? Google wdkYpwJh 0ef
aqmifraI y;aewJh ukrP Ü aD wG
udk awmif;yefxm;wmvnf;
od&ygw,f/ Privacy awG
udk xdef;odrf;ay;wJh ukrÜPD
awGu awmif;yefxm;wm
jzpfygw,f/ olwdkYuvnf;
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aMumifyh /J 'D search aqmhz0f J
awG[mt&nftaoG;aumif;
rGew f ;kd wufvmw,fvYkd ajym
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r,fh ylyefp&muawmh &Sad eqJ
ygyJ/ tar&duefEidk if rH mS qd&k if
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awG u d k pd w f 0 if p m;vmyg
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avhvmNyD; tMurf;zuform;
jzpf E k d i f a jc&S d w J h vl a wG u d k
odvmEkdifvdkYygyJ/ tpdk;&u
awmif;qdkvm&if 'DukrÜPD
awGuvnf; rSww f rf;awGukd
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67
 MuKd uEf pS o
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Mini [k trnfemr nTef;qkdxm;aomfvnf; inkjet
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twGuf rifzkd;ukefusaiGrSm 28 qifh (0 'or 28 a':vm)
usoifhrnf jzpfonf/ "mwfyHkom;ay:wGif tjcpf&mrsm;
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rSm &moDOwk'Pfudk aumif;aumif;cHEkdif&nf&Sdonf/
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menu udk toHk;csí pmrsufESmwpfrsufESmay:wGif vufr
t&G,f yHkaygif; 9 yHktxd erlemtjzpf xkwfvkyf,lEkdifonf/
Bluetooth adapter udkvnf; 0,f,l jznhfwif;cGifh
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all-in- one trsKd;tpm;uJhodkY yHkxkwfjcif;? rdwåLul;jcif;?
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automatic document feeder ryg&Sdjcif;yif jzpfonf/
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w,fvDzkef;jzpfonf/ Mac uGefysLwmESifhrl wGJzuf
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Antec Super Lanboy Seagate 7200 10 320GB SATA
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Zalman CNPS toGit f jyifrsm;vnf; &Sx
d m; aqmif & G u f a y;onf / uD ;
9500 AT-Cu uk d &rnfjzpfonf/ ,ckwyfqif bkwo f nfvnf; orm;½d;k us
cooler tjzpf wyf wnfaqmufrIwGif 12 cm cvkwfrsm;tjyif volume
qif ,l yg onf/ fan wpfvHk;rsufESmpmwGif control, play/ game ESifh
Motherboard wGif wyfqifyg&Sv d monfh Antec skip track wdkYuJhodkYaom
screen rsm;jzifh zrf; Super Lanboy udk a&G;cs,f rmwDr'D , D mcvkwrf sm;toifh
wG,wf yfqifygonf/ ,lygonf/ tjyifbuf t&G,f yg&Sdonfh tjynfhudk,fxnf
tpm;rSm oyf&yf vSyaom tdrfwGif tvif;ay;pepfrsm;
3. Add the Motherboard tajctae&SdouJhodkY twGif; &Sjd cif;aMumifh xifomjrifom
aemuf w pf q if h r S m buf taetxm;rSmvnf; pGm toHk;csEkdifonf/
motherboard ud k vHkavmufrI&Sdap&ef pDrHxm;
case \ standoffs &Sdonf/ Hard drive bays zdkcavmufqdkif
txkdifrsm;wGif ae&m rsm;onf ab;rSxnfo h iG ;f ,l pGrf;aqmif&nf
wuswyfqif,l&yg aomyHkpHjzpfonf/ bwf*suf ypö n f ; rsm;ud k tao
onf/ zrf;wG,fa&; yDpDwpfvHk;[k rSwf,lxm;& tcsm a&G;cs,fí 0,f,lNyD;
twGuf screen rsm; aomf v nf ; SLI tqif h jzpfojzifh wyfqif,l&efom
udkyif oHk;ygonf/ vnfywfrI &Sdaejcif;aMumifh &S d o nf / wyf q if N yD ; onf h

84 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

 uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

Power versus Pairing

SLI \ tmrcHcsuf wpfckrSm aps;EIef;csKdompGmjzifh *drf;toHk;csyDpDwpfvHk; jzpfvmapjcif;jzpfonf/ oDtdk&DwGif single super-high-end card
wpfckonfvnf; cards ESpfckudk twlwuG armif;ay;xm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ tiftm;BuD;rm;aom graphics card BuD;wpfckonf
aps;EIef;csKdomaom uwfESpfckwGJxuf tompD;&Ekdifrnfvm;[k ar;p&m&Sdonf/ odkYr[kwf ESpfckudk tpHkvdkufoHk;jcif;u wpfckwnf;xuf
aumif;rnfvm;[kvnf; apm'uwufp&m &Sdaeonf/ vufawGY benchmark prf;oyfcsuft& ,ckuJhodkY PNY 7500 GS SLI ESpfckwGJonf
EVGA 7900 GTX xuf omvGefaeaMumif; awGY&onf/

1/ yxruwfux
kd nfjh cif; 2/ pHw
k jJG yKvyk jf cif;
yxrqHk; 7900 GS Card wpfckudk motherboard ay:&Sd tjyma&mif yxruwfESifh 'kwd,uwfwdkYtm; ribbon cabe wpfckjzifh ckeful;&if;
primary PCle slot wGif wyfqif,l&onf/ secondary x 16 slot pHkwGJ jyKvkyf,l&onf/
rSm teufa&mifjzpfonf/

3/ ajymif;vJwyfqif&ef jyifqifjcif; 4/ Single card udk xnfo

twGJvdkufwyfxm;aom PNY 7900 GS card udk jzKwf,lí
EVGA 7900 GTX udkwyfqif&ef jyifqif,lygonf/
h iG ;f jcif;
EVGA 7900 GTX onf fire-breather jzpfonf/ Capacitor
rsm;\ t&G,ftpm;*½kpdkufí PCI Express slot ae&mwGif xyfoGif;
wyfqif,lygonf/ ¤if;onfyg0gawmif;qdkrI rsm;aernfjzpfojzifh yif
ajcmufckygaom power cables jzifh qufoG,f&ef txl;owdjyK&rnf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 85

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
tcgwGifvnf; vdktyfaom
csdefnd§rIrsm;twGuf jyifqif
&ygonf/ tjrefEIef; 2.7
GHz odkY wGef;ydkYjcif;onf
1200 MHz FSB wpfckESifh
692 MHz (DDR) me-
mory clock wpfckodkY nTef;
qdkay;jcif;jzpfonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap 2.59
GHz odkYr[kwf 1150 MHz
FSB txdom aqmif&Guf
,laprnf/ odkYrSom vHkNcHK
pdwfcs&aom pGrf;aqmif&nf
udk aqmif&Gufay;rnf jzpf
onf/
prf;oyfrIrsm; jyKvkyf&m
wGif *&yfzpftaetxm;udk
Munf½h pI pfaq;&efom&So d nf/
3D Mark 06 twGuf ppf
aq;&mwGif ,ckuJhodkY PNY
7900 GS SLI cards wpfpHk
udk xnfhoHk;jcif;ESifh aps;EIef;
BuD;jrifh EVGA 7900 GTX
xnfhoHk;,laom tajctae
86
Flight Simulator X wGif rSm Microsoft Windows
vnf; uyfvsuf &So d nf/ odYk XP twGufom &SdEkdifawmh
aomf Company of Heroes onf/
*d r f ; wG i f r l EVGA 7900 odYk ygí 22vufrt&G,f
GTX u ydkí tompD;&oGm; Wide screen LCD dis-
aMumif; awGY&onf/ play armfew
D mwpfv;kH tjyif
aps;EIef;csKdomNyD;
Logitech Z-4 stereo
ydkí jrefqefaom
aemufqHk;&v'f speaker wpfpHkwdkYyg xnfh
taetxm;&Sdonf/
txufazmfjyyg tpdwf oGif;,lonfhwkdif a':vm
tykdif;rsm;udk toHk;cswyf 2500 xufrydkaom Gam-
qif w nf a qmuf v d k u f & m ing Rig wpfpp kH mudk ydik qf idk f
armf e D w mES i f h pyD u mryg cGifh &oGm;rnfom jzpfonf/
rsm;pGm a':vm 1750 ukefusapyg xdkYtwl vuf&Sd xGufay:
uGm[aeonf/ onf/ tu,fí uD;bkwEf iS hf vsuf&Sdaom *drf;rsm;udk per-
armufpfudkvnf; csefvSyf formance tjynfjh zifh ydi k yf idk f
xm;rnf q d k y gu 1600 EkdifEkdif upm;Ekdifrnf jzpfyg
a':vmom &Sdaeygvdrfhrnf/ aMumif;wifjyvdu k &f ygonf/
wdkYudk EdIif;,SOfMunfhEkdifyg aemufxyf ukefusrnfhp&dwf [Ref: PC Magazine ]
onf/ EUGA 7900 GTX
onf 512 MB video me-
mory &S d a eaom super-
clocked card jzpf o nf /
aps;EIef;rSm ESpfqeD;yg; BuD;
jrifhonf/ pGrf;aqmif&nf
ESpfckudk prf;oyfjyKvkyfonfh
tcg aps;EIef; csKdomonf/
PNY 7900 GS SLI ESpfck
wGJu 7.504 &&Sdum wpfck
wnf; yg&Sdonf/ EVGA
7900 GTX onf 6.585
om &&Sdonf/
xdkYaemuf qufvufí
*drf;rsm;wifum armif;ESif
prf;oyfrjI yK&mwGif F.E.A.R
*drf;wGif ,ck graphic jzifh
oH;k jcif;u tompD;&NyD; Call
of Duty 2 twGuf tenf;
i,f edryhf g;onf/ Half-Life
2 wGif uyfvsuftaetxm;
om&Sdaomfvnf; Prey *drf;
twGurf l tompD;&jyefonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
 uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
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yg0gxw
k af y;onfh ud&,
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d mtay: tav;xm;jcif;
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zGNYH zKd ;wd;k wufaewJh wpf enf; tm; jzifh
taMumif ; aMumif ; aMumif h
uGeyf sLwm tdrfoHk;uGefysLwm odkYr[kwf
enf;ynmawGudk vkyfief;oHk; uGefysLwmudk
tqifhjr§ifhwif&mwGif wpfck
vufawGY wnf;aom OD;wnfcsufrSm
vuf & S d uG e f y sLwm tae
cHpm;Munfhvdkonfh txm;jzifh vkyfukdifEkdifonfh
qE´jzifjh zpfap? tiftm;xuf jrefqef oGuf
vufpGm toHk;cs,lEkdifa&;yif
vkyif ef; jzpfonf/ jrefqefou G v
f uf
vdt k yfcsut f & a&;twGuf ydkí tjrefEIef;
tm;aumif;aomprocessor?
rjzpfrae oH;k pG&J rnfh vrf;aMumif; us,fus,fjyefY
jyefY &SEd idk af &;twGuf tiftm;
tajctaejzifhjzpfap aumif ; aom memory ?
vuf&o dS ;kH pGaJ eaom yHak zmfro I u G v
f ufa&;twGuf
ydík tqifjh rifah om graphic
uGeyf sLwmudk cards ? 0ifqHhrI yrmPrsm;
tqifjh ri§ w hf if&ef rsm; okdrSD;Ekdifaprnfh hard
drive ponf h uG e f y sLwm
vdt k yfvmEdik yf gonf/ tpdwftykdif;rsm; tqifhjr§ifh
vJvS,f wyfqifEkdif&ef BudK;
pm;aqmif&Gufvmonfhtcg
wdkif; yg0g xkwfay;a&;udk
aqmif&Gufay;&onfh PSU
(Power Supply Unit) udk
ausmf v T m ;ay;xm;avh &S d
wwf y gonf / tqif h j rif h
uG e f y sLwmwpf v H k ; ud k rd r d
tvdk&Sdaom wyfqifypönf;
rsm;ES i f h t wl 0,f , l a om
tcgwG i f v nf ; PSU \
tajctaeudkyg xnfhoGif;
ppfaq;&ef arhavsmhaewwf
ygonf/
yDpDqdkonfh cE¨mukd,f
BuD;wGif CPU ukd OD;aESmuf?
motherboard udk tm½Hak Mum
[k rSwf,lrnfqkdygu PSU
udk ESvHk;[k owfrSwf ajym
qdkEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ ,HkMunf
pdwfcs&avmufaom PSU
ryg&SdcJhygu tjcm; tpdwf
tykdif;rsm; wdk;jr§ifhwyfqifrI
onf xifoavmuf t&m
ra&muf jzpfoGm;apEdkifyg
onf/ yDpD wyfqifa&mif;cs
olwikd ;f uvnf; armf',fwpfck
odkYr[kwf version wpfck
twGuf 0,f,loltm; qGJ
aqmif r I t wG u f specifi-
cation rsm; a&;om;azmfjy
&mwGif PSU \ specifica-
tion ukd csefvSyfxm;avh &Sd
Muonf/ CPU, RAM ESifh
harddisk wdYk uo hJ Ykdtom;ay;
azmfjyrI vkyfukdifavh r&SdMu
ay/ PSU \ wefzdk;yrmP
rSmvnf; CPU, RAM ESifh
hard disk wdYk avmuf wefz;kd
BuD;jrifhjcif;r&Sdojzifh tav;
xm; azmfjyjcif; r&SdcJhaMumif;
qifajcay;aumif; ay;Muyg
vdrrhf nf/ PSU onf uGeyf sL
wmwpfvHk; wyfqifrIwGif
tav;xm;aqmif&Gufp&m
tpdwt f ykid ;f wpfcjk zpfygonf/
t&nftaoG; edrfhyg;aom
PSU udk toHk;jyKxm;cJhygu
system \ obm0onf
azmufvGJazmufjyef rMum
cP jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/ &Hzef
&Hcg tvkyfvkyfukdifae&if;
yif &yf w ef Y oG m ;Ek d i f a om
tajctae&Syd gonf/ tu,f
írsm; 0,f , l t oH k ; jyKol
wpf O D ; taejzif h PSU ud k
pdwf0ifwpm; ppfaq; Munfh
½IrI tavhtx r&SdcJhygvQif
PSU \ t&nftaoG;udk
taotcsm ppfaq; Munfh½I
&ef tBuHjyKwifjyvdyk gonf/
txl;ojzifh acwfESifhtrD
yg0gyDpDrsm;udk toHk;jyKawmh
rnfqdkygu specification
ppfaq;&mwGif PSU udkyg
xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;,loifhyg
onf/ vHak vmufaomt&nf
taoG;&Sdonfh PSU twGuf
&if;ESD;oifhoavmuf &if;ESD;
&rnfjzpfonf/ olu ukef
usaiG wefz;kd aiGxuf tenf;
i,fyí kd oH;k vku d jf cif;tm;jzifh
tusKd;&v'faumif;rsm; &
vmygvdrfhrnf/
PSU \t"duvkyfief;
wm0efrSm tdrf odkYr[kwf
½Hk;cef;wGif oG,fwef;xm;&Sd

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 87

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
NyD;jzpfaom vQypf pf"mwftm;
udk uGefysLwmtwGuf vHkNcHK
pdwfcspGm toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh
yg0gtoGit f jyifoYkdajymif;vJ
ay;&efyifjzpfonf/ tdrfodkY
r[kwf ½Hk;cef;wGif&Sdaeaom
vQyfppf"mwfrSm AC yg0g
jzpfNyD; uGefysLwmtoHk;jyK
onfh vQyfppf"mwfrSm DC
yg0gjzpfonf/
rdrduGefysLwmwGif wyf
qifxm;aom PSU onf
voltage wpfrsKd;wnf; yHhydk;
aqmif&u G af y;aeonfr[kwf
ay/ + 3.3 V, + 5V ESifh +
12 V tygt0if Ad k Y tm;
tqifh oH;k rsKd;jzifh aqmif&u G f
aponf/ yDpD\ internal
circuits rsm;onf + 3.3V
udk toH;k jyKí signals rsm;u
+ 5 V udk toHk;jyKaepOfrSm
yif optical drives rsm;ESifh
hard drives rsm;uJhodkYaom
vnf y wf r I jyKvk y f a y;ae
aom armfwmrsm;qDoYkd + 12
V ukd vTwfay;ae&onf/
t&nftaoG;jrifh PSU wdkY
onf tqdkyg tqifhoHk;rsKd;
vH;k udk tpdwt f ykid ;f wpfcck si;f
wGif rSefuefvHkavmufaom
yrmPjzifh &,loGm;Ekdifap
onf/
tjcm;yDpDtpdwftykdif;
rsm;uJhodkYyif PSUs rsm;udk
vnf ; vd k u f z uf n D a om
[mh'0f rJ sm;ESithf wl upgrade
vkyf,l&rnfomjzpfonf/
wpfacwfwnf;ay:xGef;vm
onfh PSUs rsm;onfyif
toHk;jyKaom PC Casing
t&G , f t pm;tvd k u f yH k p H
rdrdyDpDwGif aqmhzf0JtoHk;csrIrsm;onf yg0gtqifh wkdif;wm&ef
twGuf wdusrIr&Sd jzpfaewwfonf/ rdrdyDpDtwGuf yg0g
vdktyfcsufrsm;udk taumif;qHk; wGufcsufEkdifap&ef ½dk;½dk;
ocsFmenf;jzifhyif vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/
tvdkuf trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;ae
wwfonf/ odkYaomf ay:jyL
vmtjzpfqHk; yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;
rSm 1995 ckESpfupí Intel
rS rdwfqufay;cJhaom ATX
standard casing ay:rlwnf
í wnfaqmufxkwfvkyfcJh
aom yHkpHt&G,ftpm;rsm;yif
jzpfonf/ ATX standard
t& wnfaqmufxm;onfh
PSUs rsm;\ twkdif;twm
onf 86_150_140 rDvD
rD w m &S d a ewwf í case
twGi;f &Sd tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;\
tylcsdef udk avsmhenf;ap&ef
80 rDvDrDwm&Sdonfh fan
wpfckjzifh yHhydk;aqmif&Guf
vkyfukdifay;avh&Sdonf/
acwf um v ESifh tnD
PSUs rsm;\ power rating
rsm;onfvnf; us,fus,f
jyefYjyefY &SdvmcJhonf/ vGefcJh
aom ESpftenf;i,fcefYu
qdkygu system tcsKdUonf
output power udk 250 W
xuf ydkí awmif;qdkrIrsm; &Sd
vmMuonf / xd k t csd e f u
yg0g 250 W avmufjzifh
rmvfwDrD'D,m toHk;cspuf
rsm;twGuf vnfywfapEkdif
aom tajctaersKd; r[kwf
vmawmhay/ 400 W rS 500
W txd wkd;jr§ifhay;&ef vdk
tyfvmcJhonfhtjyif acwf
trDqHk; uGefysLwmrsm;qdkyg
u xdkxufru ydkrdkvdktyf
vmaom tajctae&SdoGm;&
onf/
PSU jyóemrsm;
t&nftaoG;edrfhaom
PSU onfvnf;vdt k yfaom
yg0gudk yHhydk;rI jyKvkyfEkdifyg
onf/ odkYaomf¤if;wdkYaMumifh
yDpDjyóemrsm; &Sdvmwwf
onfh tajctaersm;vnf;
&Sdaeygao;onf/ a,bk,s
oabmt&yif Munfh½Irnf
qdkygu t&nftaoG;edrfhyg;
rIaMumifh xkwfay;aomyg0g
onf wnfNidrfrIr&SdEdkifjcif;
jzpfaMumif; awGYjrifEkdifrnf/
Function tajrmuftjrm;
udk uGefysLwm tpdwftykdif;
rsm;u aqmif&Guf,lMu&m
wGif Power fluctuations
jzpf ay: vm Ekdif ap onf/
wpfcgwpf&H yg0gxkwfay;rI
EIef;xm; twuftus jzpf
oG m ;rI a Mumif h uG e f y sLwm
tpd w f t yk d i f ; rsm; ysuf p D ;
oGm;Ekdifaponf/
xdkYtjyif uGefysLwm
wGif aemufxyf tpdwt f ykid ;f
rsm; xyfwdk;vmonfESihftrQ
PSU udk rEkdif0efxrf;apum
tpOfwpdkuf zdtm;ay;ae
ouJhodkY jzpfaeapygonf/
xdkodkYaom tajctaersm;
aMumifh PSU u uGefysLwm
twGuf jyóemrsm; rMum
cPBuHKawGYEidk pf &mtaMumif;
&S d a eygonf / od k Y twG u f
aps;EIef; csKdomrIwpfckudk
a&S;½Irdjcif;aMumifh rvdkvm;
tyfaom tpdwftykdif;rsm;
xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;onfhtcg
ukefusrnfh wefzdk;onf ydkí
yif BuD ; rm;aeapygvd r f h
rnf/
wnfaqmufrInHhzsif;
aom PSUs rsm;onf vnf
ywfonfhtcgrsm;wGif tyl
csdef'D*&D jrifhwufaewwf
onf/ ¤if;\ tylxw k vf w
T f
rIonf system odYk yifxcd u kd f
oGm;apEkdifonf/ tylcsdef
vGefuJrIaMumifh tenf;qHk;
uGefysLwmtpdwftykdif;rsm;

88 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf


\oufwrf;umvwdak wmif;
oGm;apwwfonf/
odkYtwGuf uGefysLwm
tpdwftykdif;rsm;udk pGrf;tm;
jr§i&hf ef BudK;pm;vmonft h cg
wk d i f ; wG i f PSU ud k v nf ;
jr§ifhwifrIjyK&ef pDpOfoifhyg
onf/
yg0gawmifw
h aom yDpD
t&nftaoG; jrifhrm;
aom PSU wpfckonf puf
udk pwifvdkufonfESifh vQyf
ppfrnfrQ system twGuf
xkwfay;&rnfudk odvG,fí
yHkrSefvnfywfrIEIef;xm;&Sdae
ap&rnfh tajctaeudv k nf;
em;vnf a ernf j zpf o nf /
yDpDudk vnfywf&ef yHhydk;ay;
aeMuonf h tpd w f t yk d i f ;
wpfckcsif;onf ¤if;wdkY ydkif
qkid xf m;onfh yg0gxufyí kd
oH;k pGrJ nf r[kwaf y/ odYk aomf
twl w uG wpf N yd K if w nf ;
tvkyfvkyfMu&if; yg0g vdk
tyfcsufrsm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
jrifhwufvmwwfonf/ yDpD
wGif wyfqifyg&So d nfyh pön;f
rsm;\ toHk;jyKrnfh yg0g
tm;vH k ; aygif ; ud k rS e f ; q
wGufcsufNyD;rSomPSU \
pGrf;tifudk csifhcsdef,lEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/
yg0gonf ta&;BuD;vS
aom udpöwpfcktjzpf ywf
oufaecJv h Qif rnfonft h rsK;d
tpm;twGurf qdk wu G q
f vkyf
ukdif&aMumif; oabmayguf
oGm;apygonf/ wu,fwrf;
&&dSaomtajzrSm uGefysLwm
tpdwftykdif;rsm;twGuf wd
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
usaomyg0gudk zwf½I&,l vkyif ef;pOfwiG yf MkH urf;jzifo
h m label udk toHk;csMunfhonfh
Ekdif&ef rvG,fvSaMumif;yif vsmxm;&jcif;aMumifh ½Iyf½Iyf tcg 5 V wGif1.2 A [lí
jzpfonf/ aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk axG;axG; jzpfaewwfonf/ vnf;aumif;? 12 V wGif
toHk;csí zwf½I&jcif;uom 0yfoHk;pGJrI tcsuftvufrsm; 1.5 A [lívnf;aumif;
wdusa&&mrI &SdEkdifonf/ AdkY ryg&SdvQif ukd,fwkdifwGuf awGY&Sdxm;onf/ xdktcg 5x
tm; wdik ;f xGmrItwGuf mul- csufMunfh&ef vdktyfonf/ 1.2 [lívnf;aumif;? 12 x
timeter udk 0,f,lí wyf uHtm;avsmfpGm xkwfvkyf 1.5 [l í vnf ; aumif ;
qif toHk;jyKEkdifao;onf/ onfh ypönf;rsm;twGuf pm wG u f c suf N yD ; ES p f c k a ygif ;
odkYaomf xdkrQaom wefzdk; &Gufpmwrf;rsm; ryg&Sdvm tajz watts [k od&SdoGm;Ekdif
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rnf/ wGufcsufrSef;q,lEkdifonf/ Ekdifrnfh enf;vrf;wpfckom
tpdwftykdif;xkwfvkyf ypön;f wpfcck si;f wGief lectrical jzpfonf/ tjcm;enf;vrf;
olrsm;onf rMumcP qdk requirement rnfrQvdktyf rsm;pGmvnf; &SdaeygvdrfhOD;
ouJhodkY yg0gcefYrSef;jcif; onfukd optical drive ay:rS rnf/
yg0gvdktyfcsuf twd
yDpDyg0gvdktyfcsuf tusud k optical drives
rsm;ESihf CPUs rsm;uJo h Ykdaom
,aeYacwf yDpDrsm;onf yg0g ]plpum} rsm;[k ac:Ekdifonf/ tpdwftykdif;rsm;twGuf &Sm
odkYaomf tpdwftykdif; wpfckcsif;taejzifh tNrJwrf; vQyfppf azG od&Sd&ef vG,fulrnfjzpf
yg0gudk qG,
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azmfjyyg Z,m;onf a,bk,soabmt& yg0goH;k pGrJ I cefYreS ;f dules rsm;? motherboard
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Z,m;udk ppfaq;Munfh½I½HkrQjzifhyif rnfuJhodkYaom tajctae tpdwftykdif;rsm;twGufrl
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Motherboard 20 rS 30 0yf PSU ESihf ywfoufonfh
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RAM module 256 MB vQif 20 0yf uGefysLwmyg0gawmif;
PCI Card 5 rS 10 0yf cHrIrsm;udk od&Sdxm;jcif;jzifh
Video Card 25 rS 50 0yf PSU udk 0,f,ljznfhwif;&m
Hard Drive (SATA) 10 rS 15 0yf wGif vG,fulEkdifapygonf/
Optical Drive 10 rS 20 0yf xd k Y twl PSU wpf c k \
Case/ CPU Fan 2 rS 5 0yf specification rsm;udk zwf½I
Keyboard 1.5 0yf wwfrnfqdkygu rdrdtwGuf
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USB Devices 5 0yf PSU wpfvHk;udk 0,f,l&m
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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 89
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
a, bk ,s qef aom
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between failure) xnf h
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PSUs awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;
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yg&Sdvmwwfonf/ xkdokdYuyfxm;aom stickers rsm;wGif
output voltage levels rsm; tao;pdwf azmfjyyg&SdvmMuonf/
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wu,f wduspGm pDrHxkwf
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efficient onf 100 &mcdkif
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tajymif;tvJjyKrItajctae
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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
a&G;cs,pf &m PSUs rsm;
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cGJay;xm;ojzifh high-end graphics cards ESpfcktxd
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com) rS xkwfvkyfonfh
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wyf workstation rsm;
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twGufjzpfonf/
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skyhawkgroup
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onf/ Audio Stand
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xk w f v k y f o l r sm;u acwf vmaom motherboard ESifh tif &Sdonfh PSU rsm;udk
umv tqifhrDrsm;udk xkwf CPUs rsm;\ tajctae rpOf;pm;oifhawmhaMumif;
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tqifrh D PSUs topfrsm;udk &onf/ [Ref: PC modeller]
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
INTEL CORE 2
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TV odkY HDMI port uae
quf o G , f w ,f / HDMI
qdkwm High-Definition
Multimedia Interface vdkY
t"dyÜm,f&jyD; AD'D,dk atmf'D
,dk signal yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;udk
ydkYaqmifay;Ekdifw,f/ 1080
P, 1440 P vdk High -def
tqifhrsKd;xd ydkYEkdifygw,f/
¤if;[m oif&h UJ MacodYkr[kwf
PC udkawmh 802.11 pHEIef;
0kdif,mvufenf;jzifh quf
oG,fum iTunes library eJY
sync vkyf&,lw,f/ qdkvdk
wmu iTune rSm tajymif;
tvJvkyfwkdif; Apple TV
rS m yg 0k d i f , mvuf e nf ; eJ Y
tvdktavsmuf vkdufajymif;
r,f/ aemufApple Remote
eJY oifh&JU wDADGudk ½dk;½dk;omref
enf;twkdif; xdef;csKyfwJhyHkpH
twkdif;yJ oHk;pGJEkdifygw,f/
103
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

zke;f ajymonft h cgwiG f ][Jv}dk [k pwifajymqdMk uygonf/ xdt k &mudk uReaf wmfwt Ykd m;
rnfou l rsm;oifMum; ay;cJyh govJ/ "hello" xdk pum;onf uReaf wmfwYt kd wGuf
ausmif;oifcef;pmrsm;ü roifMum;cJ&h ygvsuEf iS hf wwfajrmufvmcJ&h aom 'phone rhythm'
wpfco k m jzpfygonf/ xdu k o hJ yYkd if rdrw
d aYkd eYpOf oH;k pGaJ eaom email systems rsm;twGuf (1)
owfrw S x f m;aom (2) oifah wmfaom (3) vHak vmufaumif;rGeaf om pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;csurf sm;
wdwu d sus &Syd g&v UJ m;/ aeYpOf urÇmudk ywfaeaom email ta&twGuo f nf ajcmufbv D ,
D cH efY
&Syd gaomfjim; xdx k akd om emails rsm;twGuf usi0hf wfx;kH wrf;rsm;ESihf oabmwlnrD I pmcRev f mT rsm;
wpfpw kH pfy'dk rf Q &Srd aeyg/ email twGi;f ü &Sad eaom Notes rsm; ydv Yk w T &f eftwGuf tb,fuo hJ Ykd
jyifqifMuygrnfenf;/ oH;k pGv J u dk af om tD;ar;vfonf vGwv f yfrI &Syd g&vUJ m;? vHNk cKH yg&vUJ m;? vlu Y sihf
0wfEiS hf udu k n f yD g&v UJ m;[laom tcsurf sm;udk pOf;pm;&m (aemufwpfenf;rSm) vku d ef mzd&Yk efü
tcsut f vufaygi;f (99) csuu f kd xlxaJ om tawGt Y BuKH rsm;xJrS xkwEf w k af y;vku d &f jcif; jzpfygonf/

104 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf


tajccHpnf;rsO;f
1/ ud, k af &;ud,
k w
f mpmrsm;udk ukrP
Ü v
D yd pf m
roH;k ygEiS fh
tu,fí ukd,fa&;udk,fwm udpö
rsm;twGuf tvkyfrSaeí pmydkY&ef vdk
tyfaomtcgwGif hotmail yahoo wkdY
uJhodkY tcrJh accounts rsm;oHk;yg/
tu,fí jzpfEkdifvQif xdk email rsm;\
size udk avQmhcsxm;oifhygw,f/ oifh
udk ½Hk;rSay;xm;aom email account
rsm;ESifh ,SOfMunfhvQif email account
rsm;onf wpfu, dk af &wpfum,twGuf
ydkrdkí vGwfvyfrI &Sdygonf/
2/ vdt k yfvQif 'BCC' oH;k yg
"BCC"[laom "blind carbon
copy" \ t"du tESpfom&rSm vl
trsm;tjym;udk wpfcsdefwnf;wGif pm
trsm;tjym; ydkYcsifaom udpö&yfwGif
toH;k 0ifonf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh ABCDE
ig;a,mufudk pmydkY&eftwGuf 'to' ESifh
'from' ESpfckpvHk;wGif oif\ vdyfpm
email account udk ½dkufyg/ 'BCC'
uG u f v yf w G i f 'A,B,C,D,E' wd k Y \
wpfckcsif;pD\ email account rsm;udk
aumfrmcHí wpfckcsif;pD xnfh½dkufNyD;
send vkyfyg/ xdktcg oifhxHodkY tD;
ar;vfwpfapmif 0ifvmrnfjzpfNyD; tqdk
yg 'A,B,C,D,E' wdYk xo H Ykd tD;ar;vfwpf
apmifpD a&muf&SdoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
tqdkyg A,B,C,D,E wdkY wpfOD;csif;pD
onf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tD;ar;vf&&SdrSef;
tcsif;csif; od&SdMuvdrhfrnf r[kwfay/
qdkvdkonfrSm A onf B xHwGif xdk
email a&mufre S ;f odrnf r[kwo f vdk B
\ vdyfpmudkvnf; &&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwf
yg/ xdYk twl B onfvnf; C \ vdypf m
udk odrnfr[kwfovdk tD;ar;vfa&muf
rSef;vnf; odrnfr[kwfacs/ usef DE
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
jzpfpOfwdkYonfvnf; xdkuJhodkY oabm
w&m; twlwyl ifjzpf\/ vlwpfa,muf
onf zke;f ESpv f ;kH udk b,fnm em;ESpzf uf
wGif wpfcsdefwnf; uyfukdifNyD; pum;
ajymjcif;ESifh qifwlyg\/ t,f'Dwm)
3/ Ecard rS wpfqifrh yd&Yk
,Ofaus;rIuif;rJhaom 0efaqmifrI
rsm;xHrSaeí oifh vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;?
oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGrsm;qDodkY pmrydkYyg
ESifh/ xdk services rsm;onf oifhvlrI
qufqHa&;udkyg xdckdufapEkdifygonf/
(qdkvdkonfrSm ecard ESifh wjcm;aom
greeting cards rsm;rSwpfqifh ud, k af &;
ukd,fwm tcsuftvufrsm;udk rydkYoifh
ovdk xkrd wS pfqifrh w
d af qGrsm;\ email
accounts rsm;udk rqkdifolrsm; od&Sd
roGm;ap&ef jzpf\/ t,f'Dwm)
4/ Forward rvkyyf gEiS /hf
oifonf rnfodkYaom t,lonf;
rI? pGJvrf;rIrsKd;rsm; &Sdaeygap/ ]þpmudk
10 &uftwGif; "forward" vkyfay;yg/
a0iSyg/ ra0iSvQif oif aovdrfhrnf}
[laom tD;ar;vfrsKd;udk r,HkMunfyg
ES i f h / "Forward" rvk y f y gES i f h /
(qdkvdkonfrSm ]a&TayvTm} ESifh qifwl
aom tD;ar;vfrsm;udk vufqifu h rf;&ef
rvdktyfyg/ t,f'Dwm)
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
5/ uRr;f usiyf gap (1)/
'u' 'afk' 'fy' 'jk' paom chatroom
rsm;ESifh cell phone keypads rsm;rS
aygufzGm;vmaom chatting signs
rsm;ESifh udk,fvuft*Fg rpHkvifaom
0gusrsm;? pum;pkrsm;udk oif\ ]vkyf
ief;ykdif;qkdif&m} tD;ar;vfydkYpmrsm;wGif
roHk;pGJoifhyg/ rsm;pGmaom pDrHcefYcGJrI
pD;yGm;a&; e,fy,ftwGif;ü oifonf
uav;qefí pmrwwfaom yk*d¾Kvf
wpfOD;tjzpf txiftjrifao;cH&zG,f
&Sdí jzpfonf/
6/ uRr;f usiyf gap(2)
twdrt f eufukd *½kpukd yf g/
tu,fí oif\ a&;om; quf
oG,af omtD;ar;vfrsm;twGuf uRr;f usif
rI enf;yg;cJhvQif oifESifh oifhpD;yGm;a&;
rdwfaqGrsm;\ qufqHa&;rSm ]tuf
aMumif;\ed'gef;} pwifygvdrfhrnf/
rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mudk wefzkd;xm;
oifhonfqdkaom av;eufrIudk pma&;
onft h cgwGif *½kwpdu k &f ydS g/ oifph m\
twdrfteuf? vlBuD;vlaumif;qefrI?
rqefrIudk oif ud, k w f idk f od&x dS m;zdYk &ef
vdtk yfvSyg\/
7/ tD;ar;vfqw kd m uk,
d yf idk f r[kwyf g/
oif\tD;ar;vfonf oif&nf&, G f
&modkY ra&mufrD vrf;c&D;wpfae&mrS
Mum;jzwfqGJ,lí azmufzwfjcif; cH&Ekdif
onfudk owdjyKyg/ xdkYaMumifh aemifrS
pdwfqif;&JrIrsm; rBuHKap&ef pmrydkYcif
105
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
uwnf;u ydkYoifh? rykdYoifh (odkYwnf;
r[kwf) tD;ar;vfjzifh ydkYoifh? rydkYoifh
pOf;pm;yg/
8/ sign xd;k yg/
txl;ojzifh ]vkyfief;ykdif;qkdif&m}
udp&ö yfrsm;rSm oifu
h kd uk,
d pf m;jyK azmfjy
ay;xm;aom sign (vufrSwf) ESifh EIwf
cGef;qufpum;rsm;? greeting words
rsm; yg0ifoifhonf/ odkY&mwGif oifydkY
vkdufaom ]taMumif;t&m udk,fxnf}
u ]0gusESpfaMumif;} rQavmufom
jzpfNyD; vufrSwfESifhEIwfcGef;quf? y#d
oE¨m& pum;wdYk u awmifvykd NkH yD; ]0gus
q,faMumif;} yrmP &Sad ecJrh nfqykd gu
vufcHoltzdkY ]Munfh½Iaom ½kyf&Sifum;
rSm aMumfjim rw&m;yg0ifaeouJhodkY}
rsufvHk;uav; uv,fuv,f jzpf
oGm;Ekdifygonf/ xdkodkY vufcHol pdwf
rysufygapESifh/
9/ tud;k tum;pum;rsm; oH;k yg/
wHkYjyef&rnfh tD;ar;vfrsm;wGif xdk
tD;ar;vf\ aumufEw k cf surf sm;? 'quo-
tations' rsm; jyefvnfxnfhay;yg/ oifh
xHodkY a&mufvmaompmrsm;udk 'Reply'
button udk ESyd í
f taMumif;jyefrnfqykd g
u pmrsm;\ t"du qdkvdk&if;rsm;udk
]tudk;tum; aumufEkwfcsufwpfck}
taejzifh twwfekdifqHk; azmfjyay;yg/
106
10/ pdwq f ;kd aeaomtcsed w
f iG f tD;ar;vf
roH;k ygEiS hf
oif\ pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeaomtcsdef
(Oyrm- tvGef aysmf&Tiftm;wufae
aom tcsdef) rsKd;wGif tD;ar;vfonf
oifhpdwfcHpm;rIrsm;udk ro,f,l ra0iS
Ekdifvifhupm; oihf a'go tpkdiftcJudkrl
urÇmywfapEkid yf gavonf/ xdYk aMumifh
oif a'goxGufaecsdef tD;ar;vf rydkYyg
ESifh/
11/ jyóemrsm;udk &Si;f yg
tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufxHodkY
tD;ar;vfydkYaqmifawmhrnfqdkvQif oifh
udk em;vnfrI vGrJ mS ;roGm;ap&ef *½kpu kd f
yg/ trSepf pfppfoifpw d &f if;oabmxm;
ESifh oHk;EIef;aom pum;vHk;\qdkvdk&if;
ppfppfrsm;udk oifhrdwfaqGrsm;onf
&dyzf rf;oHzrf;rQomem;vnfrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; &efr;D yGm;apaom toH;k tEIe;f rsm;
uawmhjzifh wpfpGef;wpfp yg&SdoGm;cJh
vQifaomfrS oifESifh rdwfaqGrsm;tMum;
qufqHrIjywfpJ &yfem;oGm;onftxd
jzpfvmEkdifyg\/ oifvufcH&&Sdaom
tD ; ar;vf w k d i f ; üvnf ; roJ u G J a om
tcsufrsm; r&Sif;vif;onfh qdkvkd&if;
rsm;udk aphiSpGm ar;jref;yg/
12/ oli,fcsi;f rsm;udk spam rydyYk gEiS /hf
rsm;pGmaom email servers wdkY
onf yk*¾dKvfwpfpHkwpfOD;\ tD;ar;vf
wpfckcsif;wkdif;udk copy av;ck? ig;ck
yGm;í ydYk vw
T af pwwfonfrmS "r®wmjzpf
yg\/ xdktcsufonf servers rsm;\
aocsmwdusaom 0efaqmifrpI epfwpfck
om jzpfNyD; oift h jypfr[kwyf g/ odYk aomf
xdk tcsufaMumifh oifhrdwfaqGrsm;\
tD;ar;vfwGif spams rsm; pkNyHKí pdwf
taESmifht,Suf jzpfoGm;cJhygvQif ,Of
aus;pGm awmif;yefoifhygonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
13/ Emailing systems rsm;ud k
csOf;uyfavhvmyg
Oyrmtm;jzifh oifonf tutorials
aumif;av;rsm; &Ekdifaom website
vdyfpm rsm;pGmudk oli,fcsif;qDodkY
hotmail jzifh ydkYvTwfrnfqdkygu hot-
mail \ system tm;jzif h tqd k y g
hyperlinks rsm;udk oli,fcsif;jzpfou l
Click ESdyfaomtcg xdkvdyfpmqDodkY
a&muf&SdoGm;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tqdkyg
tD ; ar;vf \ (inside) twG i f ; üom
web-page ay:vmrnfjzpf\/ xdktcg
oifh oli,fcsif;tzdkY inbox twGif;
tjcm; tD;ar;vfrsm;udk zwfcsifíaomf
vnf;aumif; ½kww f &uf inbox udk jyef
oGm;&ef cufcJvSyg\/ (qdkvdkonfrSm
hotmails onf "target link" ud k
"target inside" [kom nTefMum;xm;
yHk&yg\/ trSef programmer a&;xm;
oifhonfrSm "target blank" jzpfyg\/
t,f'Dwm)
xdkYtjyif URL rsm;udk copy ul;
&ef tzdkYrSmjim; tvkyfrsm;apojzifh
acwfrDaom users rsm;onf 'tabbed
browsing' [k ac:aom windows
wpfct k wGi;f atmufü pages rsm;pGmudk
MunfhEkdifaom browser rsm;udkom
oHk;avh&Sdyg\ (qdkvdkonfrSm firefox
ESifh opera ,ck aemufykdif; IE 7 )/ odkY

rSom tqdkyg click udk ESdyfvdkufonfh
tcgwGif Next tab (another win-
dow) taejzifh &&SdEkdifrnf jzpfonfh
twGuf rlv email screen onfvnf;
rl&if; page wGif &SdaeOD;rnfjzpfyg\/
email systems rsm;tm;vHk;udk od&Sd&ef
cufcJaumif; cufcJEkdifaomfjim;vnf;
em;vnfrI vGJrSm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:
vmaom tusKd;rJhjzpf&yfrsm;udkrl avQmh
csapEkdifyg\/
14/ oifah wmfaom group mail rsm;udk
pmjyefyg
oifyg0ifxm;aom group twGif;&Sd
wpf pHk wpf a,muf \ tD;ar;vfudk
taMumif;jyefMum;oifyh gonf/ odYk aomf
xdkyk*dK¾ vfxHodkYom wkduf½dkuf taMumif;
jyefyg/ vlwkdif;qDodkY copy rydkYygESifh/
15/ tNrvJ kd rwkjYH yefygEiS /hf
Group twGi;f &Sd tD;ar;vfwi kd ;f \
ajymqdkrI taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oifh
xHodkY wdkuf½dkufa&mufvmjcif; r[kwfcJh
vQifaomfrS *½kpdkufNyD; pepfwus zwf
aom tusifhudk arG;jrLyg/
16/ email \ Oya'oESihf pnf;rsO;f rsm;udk
av;pm;yg
tcsKdUaom wkdif;jynfrsm;ü tD;
ar;vf ta&twGuf BuD;rm;rIrsm;ESifh
ywfoufí Oya'orsm; &Sdygonf/
tu,fí oifonft;D ar;vfyYkdvw T jf cif;
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
vkyfief;pOfudk aqmif&Gufí oif\
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk t&Sdeft[kef
wkd;jr§ifhrnfqdkygvQif oifonf xdkuJhodkY
aom Oya'aMumif;rsm;udkod&Sd&ef vdk
tyfvSyg\/ tcsKdUaom ]aqmif&efESifh
a&Smif&ef} pnf;rsOf;rsm;onf csJUxGifazmf
jyxm;jcif; r[kwfaom ta&;BuD;onfh
qufo,
G af &;ESihf tusK;d oufa&mufrI
17/ Subject udk av;eufpmG a&;yg/
Subject Line rS m yg0if o nf h
taMumif;t&monf tD;ar;vfwpfapmif
vHk;udk NcHKiHkNyD; azmfjyxm;aom tcsuf
tvuf j zpf & ygrnf / od k Y r S o m oif h
rdwfaqGonf csufcsif; od&SdEkdifrnf
jzpf\/ ]vdk? wdk? &Sif;} azmfjyxm;rIonf
tjcm; w&m;r0ifaom 'mail spam'
rsm;\ vSnfhpm;rIrS uif;a0;apEdkifyg
onf/
18/ vd?k wk?d &Si;f jzpfygap
tu,fí jzpfEkdifvQif azmif;yGae
aom pum;vHk;rsm;oHk;í rw&m;&Snf
vsm;aom Mail rsKd; rydkYygESifh/ oif\
Mail wGifyg0ifaom owif;ukd xdxd
rdrd a&;om;Ekid rf oS m jyefMum;pm aumif;
aumif;wpfapmifudk &&SdEkdifayvdrfhrnf/
jzpfEkdifvQif &Snfvsm;aom ydkYpmrsm;
twGuf tcsuftvufrsm;udk trSwf
pOfx;kd í ydYk aqmifaomtcg um,uH&iS f
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
tcsufrsm; jzpfaewwfyg\/ ,ckqdk
vQif uRefawmfwkdYonf emailing ESifh
ywfoufí avmuusif0h wfaumif;rsm;
tweftoifh &&SdcJhMuNyD/ qufvufNyD;
oifth ;D ar;vf\ta&;ygaomtcsKUd tcsuf
rsm;udk vkdufem&ef avhvmMuOD;pdkY&JU/
tzdkY tcsuftvuf wpfckcsif;tvdkuf
taMumif;jyefEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
19/ tusO;f csKyf a&;Munfyh g/
rjzpfrae &Snfvsm;r,fh taMumif;
t&mrsm;twGuf ]tusOf;csKyf} a&;í
wGJzdkYyg/
20/ twk,yl g
pma&;q&m Merlin Mann \
axmufcHcsuft& ]yxrESpf aumvdyf
ausmif;om;rsm;pGmteufrS olwdkY\
rdbarmifbGm;? rdwfo*F[rsm;qDodkY
rnfonfuo hJ Ykd tD;ar;vfaumif;rsm; a&;
om;&rnfudk tenf;i,frQ &mcdkifEIef;
cefY&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;uom od&SdMu
onf[k qdkyg\/ tqifoifhjyKvkyfNyD;
form rsm;ESifh letters rsm;rS twk,l
aom tavhtusifhjzifh oifMum;rI jyK
oifhyg\/
21/ vkt
d yfvQif 'Reply all' udk toHk;cs
yg/
oifh groups twGif;ü rvdktyf
aom vlrsm;udk yg0ifywfoufapaom
Mail rsm;udk rydkYygESifh[k tNrJwap
rSmMum;cJo
h nf/ odYk aomf wpfcgwpf&üH rl
'Reply all' button onf tcsdefudk acR
wm&m a&muf \ / Oyrmtm;jzif h
tvG e f w ef z d k ; &S d a om owif ; rsKd ; ud k
107
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
group twGif;odkY tD;ar;vfydkYvTwfrnf
qdkygvQif vlwpfOD;csif;pDudkom ydkY
vTwaf ernfqykd gu tcsdeu
f kd jzKe;f wD;&m
a&mufNyD; toHk;0ifaom vlrsm;qDodkY
vnf; owif;ta&muf aES;auG;oGm;
aprnfjzpf\/
22/ zke;f qufz&Ykd ef rarhygEiS hf
toHk;r0ifaom tD;ar;vfrsm; odkY
r[kwf yk*v ¾ u"d|mefusaom Mail rsm;
twGufawmh ]w,fvDzkef;ac:qdkjcif;}
vkyf&yfonf acwfrDaeqJ jzpfygonf/
tD;ar;vfonf tvGejf refqefNyD; ukeu f s
p&dwf oufomum vG,fulojzifh vl
wdkYonf rMumcP oHk;pGJavh&Sdaomf
vnf; vlrIqufqHa&;e,fy,füwGifrl
phone calling onf wef z d k ; xm;rI
wpfck odYkwnf;r[kwf &if;ES;D rI oauFw
wpf c k u d k azmf j yay;aom vuf e uf
aumif; wpfckjzpfyg\/
23/ ,ckvyk &f rnfh tvkyf udk ,ckvyk yf g/
csuf c sif ; jyef M um;apvd k a om
tD;ar;vfwkdif;\ Subject Line ü
'Urgent' [laom pum;udk ]pHowfrSwf
csuf} wpfcktaejzifh xm;&Sdjcif;onf
aumif;\/ odYkro S m vufco H o
l nf oifh
tD;ar;vfudk tm½HkpdkufEkdifayvdrhfrnf/
108
24/ tem;,lrnf&h ufrsm;twGuf
þ,aeYtzdkY oifonf tjcm;udpö
&yfrsm;jzifh ½Hk;rStjyifodkY tcsdeftawmf
Mum xGuf&rnf qdkygpkdY/ xdkodkYaom
tcsdefü 0ifa&mufvmrnfh tD;ar;vfrsm;
twGuf 'Auto responder' jyKvkyfxm;
oifhonf/ (qdkvdkonfrSm oifhtD;ar;vf
od k Y a&muf v maom mail wk d i f ; ud k
taMumif;jyefMum;&eftwGuf ]r*Fvmyg}
[laom pum;rsKd;udk 'Auto responder'
wpfcktaejzifh nTefMum;xm;&SdapvQif
ydrk akd umif;rGeo
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kd / t,f'w D m)
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vIyf&Sm;rIudk azmfjyaom ]NyHK;&,f[m;}
oauFw½kyfyHkav;rsm; (smiley) rsm;
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ESifh txda&mufqHk;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif
þvrf;nTefrIudk oif\yk*¾dKvfa&;qef
aom pmrsm;twGuo f m oH;k oifNh yD; Ekid if H
rdkbkdif;tD;ar;vf
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zkef;tajcjyK tD;ar;vfrsm;onf
uRrf;usifyg;eyfaom vlrsm;twGuf
tvGef aumif;ygay\/ odkY&mwGif vl
wk d i f ; twG u f a wmh r[k w f w um;/
'Mobile Mail' zwf½Ijcif;onf tjrif
awmfvSonfxm;? Mobile zkef;rsm;\
'keypad' ayguf p eav;rsm;twG u f
awmh toHk;jyKol\ uRrf;usifrIr&Sdí
rjzpfEkdifawmhacs/ xdkYtwGuf 'tumb-
drive' av;rsm;\ tul t nD & ,l í
'save' vkyfum 'computer' rSwpfqifh
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
wumESifh qufET,fpyf,Sufvkyf&aom
pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;twGufrl rnf
onfh taMumif;jycsufESifhjzpfap oHk;pGJ
&ef roifhawmfacs/
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aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom tusKd;quf
trSm;rsm;aMumifh oifhpmonf toHk;
r0ifaom? wefzdk;rJhaom? &efrD;yGm;ap
aom pmwpfapmif tjzpfodkY tcsdefra&G;
a&muf&SdoGm;Ekdifay\/ tu,fí oif
onf tvkyfwpfckudk &&Sd&ef BudK;pm;
onfhtcg oifh 'Boss' onf oifhudk
rjrifcifwGif oif\ 'tD;ar;vf' tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk pwifzwf½I&aomtcgü
oif \ a&;om;xm;aom tcsuf
tvuf t rS m ;rsm; ygcJ h y gvQif oif
ukd,fwkdifonf tvkyfESifh ukdufnDaom
t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm; (trSefppfppf)
&S d v if h u pm; tvk y f & &S d E k d i f v d r f h r nf
r[kwfay/ vlwkdif;onf ]pmvHk;aygif;
trSm;} udk cGifhvTwfEkdifaomfjim;vnf;
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onf;cHEkdifrnf r[kwfyg/
om xdk tD;ar;vfukd taMumif; jyefMum;
jcif; jyKvkyfoifhonf/
28/ toHrS pmydaYk om pepfukd oH;k yg/
rdkbkdif;aqmhzf0Jrsm;onf oifhajym
pum;udk text tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJay;
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ing' udk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;&if; toHk;
jyKEkdifygonf/ tu,fí qkdifrsm;rS
phones 0,f,lrnfqdkygu 'voice-to-
text' function & r&udk qef;ppfNyD;
0,f,loifhygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdk

aomf enf;ynmopfrsm;onf ,cktcg
a&SUwef;odkY wdk;xGufvmaeonfh toHk;
0ifaom enf;ynmrsm; jzpf\/
29/ tD;ar;vfrsm;udk yGm;,lxm;yg/
tu,fí oifhrSm uGefysLwmESifh
rdb
k ikd ;f device ESpcf pk vH;k rSaeítD;ar;vf
udk 'access' vkyf&ef tpDtpOf &Sdonf
qdkygpdkY/ xdkpOfwGif email servers
rsm;ESihf client software rsm;udk dwon-
load &,lEi dk rf EI iS hf oH;k pGEJ idk yf kH taetxm;
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;udk avhvm oifMum;xm;
oifhygonf/
30/ oD;oefxY m;yg/
Mobile rsm;twG u f oD ; oef Y
email account xm;&S d j cif ; onf
taumif;qHk; jzpfyg\/ oif\ desk-
top computer rsm;xHrS tcsdef tawmf
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xdk account udk oHk;pGJ&jcif;onf ydkí
tqifajyEkdifovdk oifh computer qD
odkY 0ifvmEkdifaom Spam rsm;&efrS um
uG,fNyD;om; jzpfae\/
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uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
pdwfr&Snfcsifp&maumif;NyD; t&m&m
onf pdww f ikd ;f us tqifajyjcif; r&Syd g/
xdkodkY tcsdef&SdaeckdufrSmrS mobile de-
vice wpfckqDodkY oifhtaejzifh 'attach'
rsm; rydYk vw T o f ifyh g/ jzpfEidk rf nfqykd gu
tqdkyg Munfh½IvdkaomyHk&dyf odkYr[kwf
pmom; yg0if a om 'URL Links'
taMumif;udkom taMumif;t&m pHkvif
pGmjzifh ajymqdk ydkYvTwfay;yg/ odkYrSom
vufc&H &So d o l nf laptop odYk r[kwf PC
rsm;rS wpfqifh download vkyf,l
Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/
32/ acRwmwwfygap
BudK;rJhpepfoHk; zkef;rsm;\ 'band-
width' tus,f t 0ef ; onf ajymjy
avmufatmif r&Sdonfhtjyif vpOfvdk
tuefYtowfrsm; &Sdaeay\/ xdkpOf
wGif 'attachment' rsm;udk ydkYvTwfonf
jzpfap? vufcHonfjzpfap tvGef BuD;
rm;aom tEÅ&m,fudk zdwfac:aejcif;
ESifh wl\/ xdkYaMumifh Mobile device
rsm;rSwpfqifh 'save' rvkyrf D pOf;pm;yg/
jzpfEkdif&ifaemufrS save vkyfyg/
33/ wnfaqmufjcif;? jyKpjk cif;ESihf
wm;qD;jcif;
tD;ar;vftopfrsm; 2 &uf xuf
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
ydkí ypfrxm;ygESifh/ csufcsif;zwfNyD;
wpfxkdifwnf;ESifh taMumif; jyefoifh
onf/ 'Must respond' [laom folder
wpfck wnfaqmufxm;yg/
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tu,fppfppf tD;ar;vfwpfapmif
twGut f aMumif;jyefMum;&ef taumif;
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ukd,fwkdif todqHk; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
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f pfapmifukd a&;
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vdktyfNyD; tcsdef&vQif xdkxufydkí 'de-
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tD;ar;vfrsm; vufcH&cJhvQif tD;ar;vf
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taMumif;t&mudk jyefMum;&rnf qdk
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oif h t D ; ar;vf u d k ppf a q;Munf h y g/
oif\ wHkYjyefrnfh taMumif;jyefpmudk
apmifhqkdif;aeaom vlrsm;&Sdonfudk
owd&yg/
109
uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
38/ 'Urgency Folder' aqmufyg/
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h Ykd aom
webmails rsm;onf mails rsm;udk tpD
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xdwk Ykd txJü 'urgent' (csufcsif;)? 'Must
Respond' (rjzpfrae taMumif;jyef
Mum;&ef)? 'personal' (yk*¾dKvfa&;)? 'in-
formation' (owif;) pojzifh folders
rsm; cGJxkwfNyD; aqmif&Gufyg/ 'filters'
ESifh 'Mics' folders rsm; toHk;jyKNyD;
pepfus pDpOfxm;&Sdyg/
39/ a&G;cs,w f wfygap
tD;ar;vfwdkif;onf tav;pdkuf
jyef M um;&ef rvd k a cs/ rjyef r jzpf
jyef & rnf h tD ; ar;vf E S i f h ta&;BuD ;
tD;ar;vfrsm;udk cGJjcm;Ekdifygap/
40/ txmeyfyg/
tD;ar;vf[lonf knowledge udk
transfer vkyjf cif;? jzefYa0jcif;? sharing
vkyfjcif;rsm;twGuf taumif;qHk; enf;
vrf;wpfckjzpf\/ tu,fí oifonf
wdusaom owif;wpfck vdkcsifvQifrl
oift h ;D ar;vfü wdusaom ar;cGe;f yg0if
&ef oifNh yD; 0gusrsm; oH;k pJ&G mü ½Iyaf xG;rI
r&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/
41/ tueft
Y owfukd em;vnfyg/
oifhwGif tcsdeftm;r&Sdí rzwfEkdif
110
aom tcsdef umvrsKd;rsm;ü 'free' tips wap &Sif;jyaeavh&Sdygonf/ xkdodkY
tpcsDaom web page rsm;ü pm&if; wwfuRrf;olrsm; rnfodkYjyKrlonfudk
roGif;ygESifh/ oifuawmh xdkt&m vkyf avhvmyg/
&yftwGuf auseyfayvdrfhrnf/ odkY&m
wGif vHkNcHKap&eftwGuf free email 44/ 'Readymade' 0wfyg/
account rsm;jzifo
h m xdu
k o
hJ Ykd sites rsm; rnfonfht&mudkrQ rzwf&ao;
wGif pm&if;ay;yg/ bJESifh ra&TUygESifh/ t&ifqHk; zwfyg/
zsufoifv h Qif zsufyg/ taMumif;jyefyg/
42/ rormrIrsm;udk a&ravmif;ygEiS /hf file wGJxm;yg/ odkYrSom inbox twGif;
wpfcgwpf&HwGif qufoG,fa&; ü mail topfrsm; (unread) rzwf&
e,fy,fü 'text-chat' onf taumif; ao;onfudk awGY&ygvdrfhrnf/
qHk; enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfygonf/ tpp
t&m&mütD;ar;vfuo kd mtm;ud;k aernf 45/ acgi;f pOfrsm;udk wdwu d sus a&;yg/
qdkygvQif a'0gvDcHoGm;&Ekdifonftxd rnfodkYaom email title rsm;onf
qdk;&Gm;Ekdifp&m&Sdygojzifh bank odkY spam rsm; jzpfonfqdkNyD; 'command'
tydYk t,l tD;ar;vfupd rö sm;ü csed q
f vkyf ay;í subject lines rsm;wGif rnfonfh
ukdif&ef vdktyfyg\/ 'keywords' rsm; yg0ifvmygu cGifhrjyK
ap&ef jyKvkyfxm;yg/ xdkt&monf
43/ *k½rk sm;\ aqmfMocsurf sm;udk zwfyg/ jynf h 0 aumif ; rG e f a om ajz&S i f ; enf ;
ynm&Sifaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmwdkY r[kwfapumrl tvGefxda&mufygay
onf udk,fwkdif tawGYtBuHKrsm;rSaomf \/ 'filter' rsm;udk wnfaqmufxm;
vnf;aumif;? vufqifhurf; tawGY jcif;jzifh tcsdefudk acRwmEkdifapovdk
tBuHKrsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif; enf; tEÅ&m,frsm;udkvnf; a&SmifuGif;Ekdifay
ynmudk rnfodkY pDrHcefYcGJoifhonfh onf/
taMumif;rsm;udk aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh tNrJ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)
tD;ar;vf Adik ;f &yfprf sm;
wpfOD;csif;oHk; uGefysLwmrsm;odkY Adkif;&yfpf pGJuyfjcif;onf 1982 ckESpfu pwifcJh
onf/ xdpk Ofu tD;ar;vf[í l r&dcS ahJ o;yg/ E-mail worm trsK;d tpm; Bubble-
Boy Adkif;&yfpfonf tD;ar;vfrsm;odkY yxrqHk; pGJuyfcJhonfh Adkif;&yfpfjzpfí xdkpOf
u uGeyf sLwmrsm;wGif IE5, Windows 98, 2000 wdYk ukd oH;k aeMuonf/ odYk jzpfí
¤if;Adik ;f &yfpo
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kd Ef ikd yf g/ ¤if;ESihf tvm;wl
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f nf 'kak' jzpfonf/ vlord sm; xif&mS ;cJh
aom tD;ar;vfAikd ;f &yfpo f nf 'Love bug' jzpfonf/ ¤if;
onf 2000 jynfhESpf arvwGif a[mifaumif&dS uGefysL
wm mail box odYk pwif a&muf&cSd o hJ nf[k qdyk gonf/
¤if;tD;ar;vf\ attachment onf 'LOVE-LETTER
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wpf0ef; qHk;½HI;rI wefzdk; a':vm 5.5 bDvD,H &dScJhygonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tjrifqef;apaom pdwu
f ;l pdwo
f ef;wpfck
wDAt
GD a[mif;twGi;f rS toGiaf jymif; yDpD
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k w
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tDvufx&Geef pfEiS hf vQypf pfypön;f rsm;u xdyq f ;kH u &Sad ecJh onf/
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wpfcef;xJwGif pkNyHK xnhfxm;avh &Sdaomfvnf; ae&mr&Sdolrsm;url trIdufo,f,la&; XmeokdY
taMumif;Mum; 0efaqmifc ay;acsí pGefYypfMu&onf/
pGefYypfypönf;xJrS wDADGta[mif; wpfvHk;udk jrifawGU&if; pdwful;pdwfoef;wpfck ay:aygufvmum
wDAt GD a[mif;tm; yDpDtoGif ajymif;,lcJhvQifqkdonfh pdwful;pdwfoef;&cJh&onf/ tqkdyg pdwful;udk
vufawGU taumiftxnf azmfMunhfrdygonf/
rnfuJhokdYaom enf;vrf;jzifh jzpfap rdrdvuf0,f wDADGta[mif;wpfvHk;&SdaeNyD jzpfojzifh
yDpDwpfvHk;tjzpf wyfqif&mwGif vdktyfrnfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk pkaqmif;,l&awmhonf/
uHtm;avsmfpGm VIA (www. via. com) rS mini-ATX motherboard rsm; xkwfvkyf a&mif;csvsuf
&Sdygonf/ ¤if;udk 0,f,l toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh wDADGtdrftwGif;wGif ae&mcsxm;rItwGuf
tvGeftqifajyvSonf/ wyfqifvkyfudkifrIrsm; rjyKrD txl;owdxm;&rnfh tcsufwpfcsufrSm
wDADGarmf',fa[mif; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf 240 AdkYukd toHk;jyKavh&SdMuojzifh vQyfppfydkif;qkdif&m
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Munhf&rnf jzpfonf/ Motherboard ae&mtjyif hard drive twGuf ae&m? CD-ROM twGuf
ae&mESifh Floppy drive wdkYtwGuf ae&mrsm;udk rSwfom;,lMunhf&ygonf/ tqdkyg Layout wGif
tvGefta&;BuD;aom tcsufwpfcsufrSm air-flow [lonfh avvrf;aMumif; jynhfjynfh00
&Sdaea&;yif jzpfonf/ vufawGU udk,fwkdif aqmif&Gufawmhrnf qkdygu DIY golden rule [k
ac:qkdavh&Sdonfh ]]wkdif;xGmrIudk ESpfBudrfjyKNyD;rS wpfBudrf jzwfawmufrIudkvkyfyg}}[lonfh tcsuf ukd
taotcsm vdkufem aqmif&Guf,loifhygonf/ txl;ojzifh wDADG\ udk,fxnftdrfukd
azmufxkwf&onfh taetxm;rsKd;wGif wdwdusus ykdifykdifEdkifEkdif &Sdae&ygvdrfhrnf/
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yg0ifaeygvdrhfrnf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 111

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tydkif; (1) - jyifqifjcif;

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ta[mif;\ rlv wnfaqmuf
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xm;onfh yHpk t H aetxm;udk avhvm Munhf opfom; ukd,fxnfjzifh wnfaqmufxm; taumif;qHk; taetxm;rSm wDADGtdrf
½I &ygonf/ rdrw d iG f &Sad eNy;D wDAt
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toH;k csEidk Nf yD jzpfonf/

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112 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f


7 Mounting plate udk jzwf&m
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wyf q if r I t wG u f jyif q if o uJ h o d k Y y if
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drive udk rnfonfah e&mwGif
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azmufí wyfqif&mwGif oyfoyf&yf&yf
ckid cf ikd f rmrm&Sad prnf/
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tm; txkdifcsrnfudk a&G;cs,f
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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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113
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

13 aemufq;kH ae&ma&G;cs,rf o
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supply twGuf wkid ;f xGm azmuf,&l rnfh
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114 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f


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115
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

7 xyfrwH yfqif&rnfrmS mother- 8 Motherboard ESihf power 9 aemufwpfqifrh mS wDA\ GD rsuEf mS

board jzpfonf/ VIA rS xkwf
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sound ESifh graphic yg&SdNyD; jzpfojzifh
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116 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

13 xkadY emuf IDE jzifyh if floppy 14 Power connection ESihf 15 yHpk w

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drive udk xnho f iG ;f wyfqif&jcif;rSm ¤if;wdt Yk m;vH;k rSm wDA\
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OS rsm;twGuf oH;k &ef jzpfonf/ IDE connection txkid rf sm;udv k nf; vGwv f w G f vyfvyf yHpk H taetxm;
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armufpEf iS u hf ;D bkwrf sm;
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D pfv;kH tjzpfoYkd wyfqif qufo, G rf yI if jzpfonf/
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RC trnf &Sd converter udk box onf USB Lead qufo, G rf jI zifh toHtwGuf motherboard wGif
toH;k jyKxm;onf/ RF output twGuf motherboard qDoYkd ydaYk y;xm;onf/ &Sad om port rS ,m,D portable
wDAGD aerial socket wGif pyDumudk qufo, G x f m;Ekid o f nf/
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vJ wDAu GD kd toH;k jyK&efom &Sad wmhonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 117

 ART OF GAME
RTS *drf;awGeJY ywf
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aumif ; avqd k w J h tawG ;
tac:aemufvkdufwJh deve-
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q,fpkESpfawGtwGif; RTS
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cJ h w ,f / ppf a jrjyif [ m
BuD ; rm;us,f v G i f h w ,f v d k Y
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tm½Hpk udk rf uI vnf; ppfreS w f hJ
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Supreme Commander u
awmh tJ'Dvdk *drf;trsKd;tpm;
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u tH h a vmuf z G , f Munf h
aumif ; ayr,f h 'D * d r f ; u
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fenses awGudk vdIif;vHk;awG
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f [keyf pkH rH sK;d eJY AH;k BuJ
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awG u d k ajryH k t em;pG e f ; rS m owf ydkrsm;vm&m open-

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jyxm;ay;Ekdifw,f/ 'gawG
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jzifh jyKvkyfEkdifygw,f/
Campaign aqmh&mrSm
rMumcPqdkovdk objecti-
ves tpHkvkduf&vm&if; ajryHk
t&G,fu ESpfqwdk;vmwm
awGY&r,f/ aemufxyf ob-
jectives awG xyf&vmwm
eJY t&G,fESpfqxyfNyD; BuD;
vmwm awGY&OD;r,f/ 'Dvdk
ajryHkt&G,f MuD;MuD;vmwkdif;
ykdNyD;vIyf&Sm; ppfupm;p&m
awG? ydkNyD; AsL[m csrSwfp&m
awG yGiv hf mygvdrrhf ,f/ 'D*rd ;f
twGif; ajryHk t&G,ftpm;
[m tzG i f h o abm tqH k ;
ended oabmodYk ul;ajymif;
oGm;w,f/ Oyrmqdkygawmh/
oif[m uwkwfusif;udk xl;
xl;uJuJ tm;udk;wJh&efoleJY
wk d u f a e&NyD / tJ ' D t cg
b,fvdkyHkpHeJY acsrIef;&rvJ/
oif[m wpfzufvl&JU mass
odkYr[kwf energy puf½HkawG
zsufqD;jcif;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;udk
wkwef YJx;dk Ekid wf ,f/ umuG,f
a&;vdkif; defenses twGif;
aysmhuGufudk&Smum tJ'DMum;
u jzwfNyD; bombers awG
apvT w f E k d i f w ,f / aemuf
antiair craft awGukd ypfrw S f
xm; acsrIe;f NyD;aemuf aemuf
xyf avaMumif; wkdufcdkufrI
air assaults awG t wG u f
vrf;yGifhoGm;apw,f/
wu,fvdkY oifu EsL
uvD ; ,m; 'H k ; usnf w nf
aqmufaewmqdk&if artil-
lery awGaqmufNyD; 'Hk;usnf
umuG,af &; strategic mis-
sile defenses awGudk &SmazG
acsrIef;&r,f/ olwdkYawG &Sif;

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 119

 ART OF GAME
oGm;rS nuclear missiles udk
ypf v T w f & ygr,f / oif h & J U
playbook upm;enf;pmtkyf
udkzGifh? trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;
pepf tactics eJY trsKd;rsKd;
aom units taygif;tpyf
awG prf;oyfupm;MunfhEkdif
ygw,f/ NyD;awmh 'D tactics
awGu visual tjrifykdif; uGJ
oGm;wmyJ&SdNyD; factions tzGYJ
tm;vHk;rSm wlrQpGm oHk;pGJEkdif
w,f/ trSefajym&&if 'gu
faction wpf c k p D t vk d u f
[efyef udk,f&nfukd,faoG;
uif ; rJ h & musygw,f /Fac-
tion wpfckpDrSm pdwf0ifpm;
p&m aemufcHZmwfaMumif;
&SdvdkY ESajrmp&mygyJ/
oif[m NydKifbufudk
ukd,fh&JU ,lepfwyfzGJY ta&
twGuf oufoufeJYwifyJ
vT r f ; rd k ; wk d u f c k d u f r vm;/
t&nftaoG;jrifh units cyf
enf ; enf ; tcsd e f , l w nf
aqmufrvm;/ 'grSr[kwf
'DAsL[mESpfckudk a&mpyfoHk;pGJ
rvm;/ enf ; ynmtqif h
120
(REVIEW)
'tech levels' oHk;ck&SdNyD; rwl
nDwJh units, buildings eJY
vehicles awG yg0ifw,f/
tedrfhqHk;tqifhrSm tayghpm;
eJY tvwfpm; tanks wdkuf
av,mOf fighter intercep-
tors ? a&ikyfoabFm sub-
marines eJY AHk;BuJav,mOf
bombers awG&&Sdr,f/ ydkNyD;
jrifhwJh tqifhrSm ajcawG
aygufNyD; ajrjyifay:vrf;
avQmufEkdifwJh naval des-
troyers awG? pD;eif;wkduf
ckdufa&; siege assault bots
'Hk; usnfypf a&ikyfoabFm
ballistic missile subma-
rines eJY tjcm;t&mrsm;pGm
&&Sdvmr,f/ oifh&JU tif*sifeD
,mawG[m ajryHk [db k ufpeG ;f
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
xd vSrf;ypfEkdifr,f/ Gigan-
tic artillery awG wnf
aqmufEkdifw,f/ &efolY de-
fenses awG tm;aysmhapzkdY
jzpfygw,f/
RTS *drf;trsm;pkü ppf
ajrjyif battlefield twGif;
puf½HkawG aqmuf&jcif;u
vkyfBuHzefwD;wJh qufwifeJY
wl a ew,f / Supreme
Commander &J U Zmwf
aMumif ; t&awmh 'gu
t"dyÜm,f &Sdw,f/ *drf;u
aemuftem*wf ESpfaygif;
axmifcsD uGma0;wJhumvrSm
tajcwnfxm;awmh vlom;
awG[m ½kyef YJ prG ;f tif matter
and energy ud k b,f v d k
yHak jymif;udik w
f ,
G &f r,fqwkd m
odvmw,f/ Star Trek xJ
u replicators awGvkdaygh/
qdv k w
kd mu Supreme Com-
mander wpfa,mufwnf;eJY
N*dK[fay:u raw materials
awG,l? aemuf war ma-
chines awG yHkatmxkwfEkdif
r,fh puf½HkawG tjref wnf
aqmufEkdifr,f/ 'gu re-
source system ud k v nf ;
t&Sif;qHk;yHkpHodkY a&mufapcJh
w,f/ Supreme Comm-
ander rSm resource trsKd;
tpm;qdkvdkY energy eJY mass
ESpfrsKd;yJ&Sdw,f/ ESpfckpvHk;u
units awG &meJYcsDNyD; xkwfzdkY
&m tm;aumif;wJh pD;yGm;a&;
wnfaqmufzYkdtwGuf ta&;
ygw,f/
Energy udk trsKd;rsKd;
aom generators eJY power
plants awG r S &aecsd e f r S m
mass udkawmh ajryHkay:u
points trSwf vufwpfqkyf
pmrSmyJ tuefYtowfeJY awGY
&Sd&w,f/ tJ'Dae&mawGrSm
oifu mass extractors
aqmufNyD; N*dK[f&JU &if;jrpf
awG rkdif;wl;&ygw,f/ 'D
mass-extraction points
awG yx0D taetxm;
tvdkuf ysHUESHYaewmaMumifh
xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif wkdufckduf&
rIawG rvTJra&Smifom BuHK
awGYvm&jyD; e,fajr tus,f

t0ef; BuD;rm;pGm odrf;ykduf
xm;zd k Y vnf ; vd k t yf v m
w,f/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ vdyf
enf ; pOf "turtle up" ud k
BudKufwJh ckcHa&;orm; de-
fensive players awG
twGuf eH&HawG? ajrjyifeJY
a0[if um uG , f a&;
tajrmuf turrets awGuae
NyD; energy shields txd
defenses tvT m rsm;pG m
wnf a qmuf a eEk d i f w ,f /
ESpfzufpvHk;u 'grsKd;vkyfae
&ifawmh *drf;u artillery
duel pD;csif;xdk;yGJodkY rMum
cP a&mufoGm;wwfw,f/
ESpfzGJYpvHk;u ta0;ypfcwfrI
fire power ouf o uf e J Y
tvJxdk;zdkY BuHpnf&if; jzpfyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gu ex-
perimental units awG
twGufyJ jzpfygw,f/ Ex-
perimental units awG u
tvG e f aps;BuD ; NyD ; wnf
aqmufzdkY tcsdeftMumBuD;
,lw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwdkYu
yGt
J ajzudk ½kwwf &uf ajymif;
oGm;apEkdifwJht&mrsKd; jzpfyg
w,f/
OyrmawGu cybran
Monkeylord {&mr vrf;
avQmuf wif h u m;jzpf N yD ;
tzsufpGrf;tm;BuD; avqm
wyfqifxm;w,f/ aemuf
UEF Fatboy: a&GUvsm;Ekdif
aom rdkbkdif;vfpuf½kHjzpfNyD;
battleship turrets eJY ener-
gy shield wyf q if x m;
w,f/ aemuf Aeon Galac-
tic Colossus qdkwmuawmh
ajcESpfacsmif;eJY vrf;avQmuf
wJh {&mr war machine jzpf
ygw,f/ Supereme Comm-
ander rS m aMumuf p &m
taumif;qHk; tckduftwefY
av;u oifu ae&maumif;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
(REVIEW)
&csufusí txufpD;&NyDvdkY
awG;xifxm;csdef ½kwfw&uf
qdkovdk wpfzufvl&JU ex-
perimental unit awG ay:
vmwmygyJ/ tJ'DtcgrS oif
[m tjcm;t&mawG aqmuf
zkdY tvkyfrsm;aecsdef wpfzuf
vlu xdkt&mawGtay:yJ
pl;pdu
k af ecJw
h m oabmayguf
vmr,f/ ckcH ½ke;f uefzYkdyJ pOf;
pm;&awmhr,fh tajctaeyg
yJ/
Single - player cam-
paign rSm *drf;xJu con-
cepts rsm;pGmudk oifhtm;
jznf;nif;pGm rdwfqufay;
w,f/ Supreme Comm-
ander udk avhvm oif,lzdkY
rsOf ; auG ; u tawmf a v;
rwfwmaMumifh 'gu aumif;
wJht&mygyJ/ tajccH con-
cepts u em;vnfzdkY vG,f
ayr,fh *dr;f twGi;f odraf rGYwhJ
tqifuGJrIav;awG rsm;pGm
yg&SdwmaMumifh &dyfpm;od&SdzdkY
tcsdeftwefi,f ,l&r,f/
ART OF GAME
Mass extractors ywfvnf
mass-storage structures
awG wnfaqmufNyD; abm
eyfpf &atmif ,lwmawG?
puf½HkawGrSm units xkwfEIef;
wufapzdYk engineers pkxnfh
ay;wmrsKd;awG jzpfygw,f/
Campaign oHk;ckrSm mis-
sion ig;ckrS ajcmufckomyg
aomfvnf; tJ'gawGu BuD;
rm;wJh missions BuD;awG
qdkwm oabmaygufxm;
yg/ wpfckpDudk NyD;pD;zdkY ESpf
em&Du oHk;em&Dxd MumEkdif
w,f/ wu,fu missions
awG[m Mumanmif;oGm;Ekdif
wmaMumifh *drf;&JU qdk;qdk;0g;
0g; vdktyfaewJh t&mwpfck
uautosave function wpf
rsKd;rsKd; jzpfygw,f/ ESpfem&D
uae oHk;em&DMumwJh battle
tqHk;owfcgeD; aemufqHk;
rdepfrmS rdu k rf w
J hJ qk;H jzwfcsuf
wpfckaMumifh ½HI;edrfhoGm;&&if
*drf;&JUtv,frSm udk,fwkdif
save vkyfzkdY arhcJhvkdYuawmh
121
 ART OF GAME
tpuae jyefp&awmhrSmyg
yJ/
Supreme Comman-
der &JU wu,fhudk tHhMo
av;pm;avmufp&mawGxu J tawmfBuD; &efvdkjyif;xef
wpf c k u *d r f ; xJ u t&m
tm;vHk;[m vHIYaqmf EdI;qGrI
ay;Ek d i f w mygyJ / &nf & G , f
rxm;wJh t&mawG jzpfvmEkid f
wmaMumifh combat udk pdwf
0ifpm;p&maumif;atmif vkyf
ay;w,f/ Bomber wpfpif;
udk ypfcsvkduf/ opfawmxJ
xd k ; usNyD ; rD ; xavmif E k d i f
w,f/ aemuf Aeon CZAR
experimental unit {&mr
yef;uefjym;ysHudk ypfcsvkduf/
MobmoHudk wdkawmif;pGmyJ
Mum;&NyD;aemuf rD;awmufae
wJh tysuftpD; tpteawG
u oifh&JU tajcpkdufpcef;
wpf0ufavmufudk ysufpD;
oGm;apEkdifavmufw,f/
Artifical intelligence
uvnf; tawmfav;yDjyif
w,f/ Medium tqifhrSm
122
(REVIEW)
AI u tawmfav; Nidrfouf
w,fqdkayr,fh ydkNyD;pdefac:rI
&SdwJh horde eJY supreme
settings rSmqkd&if AI u
um b,fvkd wkduf&r,f qdk
wm odw,f/ cyfnpfnpf
AsL[m enf;pepf wpfcku
&efol AI [m oif&h UJ e,fajr
xJ 0ifa&mufí xlxJ odyf
onf;wJh defended out-
post awG aqmuf? tm;jznfh
fortify vkyfNyD;aemuf artil-
lery eJY wD;wmygyJ/
'gayr,fh oif[m AI
eJY avhusifhNyD; vlom;NydKif
bufeJY upm;zdkYqdk&ifawmh
vG,frSm r[kwfao;bl;/ AI
u vlom;awGavmuf &efvkd
wuf<urSm r[kwfbl;/ Sin-
gle player campaign eJY
skirmish modes awG u
*drf;&JUconcepts awGtwGuf
&Snfvsm;wJh tutorials awG
vdk toHk;awmfcHw,f/ tJ'D
u oif oif,lcJhwJh oifcef;
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pmawG? enf;pepfawGtm;vH;k
udk aysmf&Tifp&m? &ufpuf
jyif;xefvIyf&Sm;wJh multi-
player mode rSm oHk;pGJEkdifyg
w,f/ us,fjyefYvrf;yGifhwJh
twGuf supreme comm-
ander &J U gameplay u
multiplayer twGuf txl;
oifah wmf aumif;rGeyf gw,f/
oifb,fvkd a&TUuGuef YJ
yJ vmvm wpf z uf v l u
wefjyefwu dk cf u
dk pf &m jyefazmf
xkwfEkdifw,f/ Oyrm ckdifrm
wJh solid defensive line
aqmufr,fqdkygpdkY/ &efol
[m tJ'gudk uGi;f oGm;&ifomG ;
r,f/ avaMumif;u ausmf
jzwf&if jzwfr,f/ &efolY
tajcpd k u f u d k gunships
apvTwfacsrIef;&if acsrIef;
r,f/ Experimental unit
aqmufzYdkyJ tMumBuD; pl;pdu k f
vkyaf qmifae&if vrf;ckvwf
rSm &efoul nuclear missile
vTwf&if vTwfr,f/ 'grS
r[kwf heavy artillery eJY
xk&ifxkr,f/
tjrifhqHk;aom tao;
pd w f t qif h r S m Supreme
Commander u r,HkEkdif
avmufatmif Munfhaumif;
w,f/ &meJYcsDNyD;r&Sd&ifawmif
'gZifeYJ csDNyD;&Sw
d hJ avaMumif;?
a&aMumif ; ? uk e f ; aMumif ;
,lepfawG wkdufyGJqifETJaeMu
wmudk onscreenMunfh&wm
tH h r cef ; yJ / jyif ; xef w J h
wkdufyGJawGrSmqdk&if rD;cdk;awG
tlxGufvmwm? trIeftp
teawG ysH U xG u f u k e f w m?
aygufuGJwmawG jrif&w,f/
EsLuvD;,m; aygufuGJrIudk
apmifhMunfhOD;rvm;/ odrfh
vdIif; shock wave u ¤if;
jzwf o ef ; &m vrf ; wpf
avQmuf t&mtm;vHk; zsuf
qD; 0g;rsKdypfwm Munfh&wm

yDjyifvSw,f/ ydkNyD; txif
BuD; av;pm;avmufp&mu
uifr&m zoom udk ta0;odkY
qGJ,lNyD; battlefield wpfck
vH k ; ud k NcH K Munf h & wmyJ /
rsm;pGmaom RTS *drf;awGrSm
tuefYtowf&Sd jrifuGif;u
pdwftaESmifht,Suf ay;p&m
wpfcyk /J oif[m batllefield
wpfckvHk; qkyfukdifem;vnf
odjrifwJh cHpm;csufrsKd; b,f
awmhrS r&bl;/ 'gayr,fh
Supreme Commander rSm
zoom udk ta0;BuD;uae
qGJ,l jcHKiHkMunfhNyD; oifh&JU
units awGudk ukd,fpm;jyKwJh
icons awG u onscreen
tay: a&GUvsm; wkdufckdufae
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f if
command bunker rSmxki
ppfqifETJae&ovdk cHpm;&ap
w,f/ wu,fvdkY armfeDwm
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udk zoom csJUMunfh/ tjcm;
wpfckrSm AsL[majrmuf stra-
tegi view eJY NcHKMunfhjcif;
rsm; jyKvkyEf idk rf ,f/ 'Dt
tawmfav; tqifhjrifhwJh
viedo card vd k v d r f h r ,f /
armfeDwm wpfvHk;wnf;eJY
vnf; split-screen view eJY
ES p f y k d i f ; cG J N yD ; wpf 0 uf u
action? wpf0ufu strate-
gic view MunfhEkdifw,f/
Supreme Comman-
der eJY ywfoufNyD; raumif;
wmwpfcu k acwfay: tjzpf
qHk; moderm PC udkawmif
'l;axmufapavmufatmif
dí
f ckdif;wmygyJ/ *drf;u BuD;rm;
wJh e,fajrtwGif; &maygif;
rsm;pG m aom units awG
ajc&maumufrSwfom;í si-
mulate vkyf&awmh frame
rate u usvmEk d i f w ,f /
Dual core CPU, 2GB of
RAM oH;k xm;wJh pufrmS 81
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
(REVIEW)
h wGuf
k-by-81k map ay:ü
tenf;i,f wHkYqkdif;rI awGY&
w,f/ ajryHktao;rSmvnf;
AI jydKifbufrsm;pGm xnfh
Munf h w J h t cg system rS
action udk trDvkdufzdkY BudK;
pm;&if; tvGefrwef aES;us
oGm;wmawGY&w,f/ Supre-
me Commander &JU tBuD;
rm;qH;k ajryHrk mS AI NydKifbuf
tukeftpHkeJY graphics de-
tail jrifhjrifheJY run EkdifwJh PC
ckcsdefxd wnfaqmufEkdifygh
rvm;qdkwm oHo, &Sdp&m
yJ/
aus;Zl;wifp&m tjzpf
battle u pwif wHkYqkdif;vm
&if *drf;udk restart vkyfp&m
rvkdbJ graphical settings
awG tjrefjyefí csdefnd§Ekdif
w,f/ Frame rate udk acsm
arGYapzdkY option menu odkY
oGm; visual detail udk csay;
½HkyJ/
Hardware eJYywfouf
vdkY acgi;fcJp&mawG &Sdvifh
ART OF GAME
upm; rMumao;cifESpfrsm;
twGif; Supreme Comm-
ander txifBuD; av;pm;
avmufp&mtjzpfqHk; RTS
*drf;yJ/ 'D*drf;rSm BuD;BuD;rm;
rm; jyKvkyfzdkY &J0HhcJhw,f/
atmif v nf ; atmif j rif c J h
w,f/ r[mAsL[m strate-
gy ubmvJqdkwm em;vnf
vkdYyJ/ Strategy qdkwm wpf
zuf vl u d k ta&twG u f
oufoufeJY tompD;&zdkY jyK
vkyfwmxuf ydkw,f/ Stra-
tegy qdkwm vIyf&Sm; ppfqif
upm; ae&mcsjcif; maneu-
vering taMumif;yJ/ Stra-
tegy qdkwm rSefuefwJh vuf
eufeYJ rSeuf efwhJ ae&mudk rSef
uefwJhtcsdefrSm 0ifa&muf
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qdkwm zefwD;rI pGrf;tm;
creative thinking &J U
qkvmbfyJ/ 'gawGtm;vHk;
u Supreme Commander
vkyfay;r,fh t&mawGygyJ/
123
 ART OF GAME
Teenage Mutant
Ninja Turtles *d r f ; ud k
csmwdwfawGtwGuf jyKvkyf
xm;wJh Prince of Persia
*d r f ; vd k Y awG ; Munf h v k d u f /
twku d t f ckud f towftykwf
xuf vrf;aMumif;&SmoGm;
vmzdkY ya[Vdazmfxkwfjcif;
platforming buf tom;
ay;vGef;wm odyfawmhvnf;
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xkwfay;wJh developer u
aemuftusqHk; Prince of
Persia *dr;f awGjyKvkyaf y;cJw
Ubisoft Montreal yJav/
'D * d r f ; rS m awmh Prince of
124
(PREVIEW)
Persia u cufcJygw,fvdkY
ausmf M um;vS w J h jump
puzzles trsKd;rsKd;udk vG,u
f l
atmif avQmhay;xm;w,f/
'gayr,fh nHhzsif;wJhuifr&m
pepfeJY usKd;aMumif;rqDavsmf
wJh controls awGaMumifh *dr;f
u jzpfoifhwmxuf ydkípdwf
uoduatmufjzpfapcJw h ,f/
twdkuftcdkuf combat us
awmhvnf; ,ciftaygpm;
TMNT arcade beat -em-
up awG x uf enf ; enf ; yJ
ydk½Iyfw,f/ 'Dawmh oif&vm
wJh *drf;u awmifra&muf
ajrmufra&muf jzpfaeawmh
wmaygh/ vdyfeif*smudkpGJvrf;
wJh y&dowfawGeJY vmr,fh
CG turtles ½kyf&Sifudk ukd,f
wkid 0f ifa&mufcpH m;vdo
k al wGu
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h hJ
r,f/
TMNT ½kyf&Siftopf
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
u rxGufao;vdkY *drf;u
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bl;/ aocsmaygufajymEkdif
wmu t"du Zmwfaumif
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eJY tajccH theme udk wlnpD mG
azmfaqmifay;vdrfhr,f/ *drf;
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awG pkaygif;qufpyfNyD;rS od
vm&r,f/
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vkdifpif,lNyD; tqufrjywf
azmf x k w f c J h w J h Konami
vdyfeif*sifawGeJY t½dk;pGJaeNyD
qdk&ifawmh oif[m vIyfEdI;rI
wpfckeJY BuHK&r,f/ wpfenf;
enf ; awmh 'D v I y f E d I ; rI [ m
aumif;aom vIyfEId;rIygyJ/
*drf;u qdk;0g;vSwm r[kwf
bl;/ olY&JU qGJaqmifaysmfarGY
p&m tcdkuftwefYav;awG
yg&S d w ,f / tJ ' D f un mo-
ments awGu gameplay &JU
oHk;yHk ESpfyHkeD;yg; ,lxm;wJh
plat-orming sequences
awGuygvmygw,f/ Stage
tqifhwkdif;rSm oif[m ckef?
ESpfqifh ckef? eH&Hjyefuefckef?
eH&Huyfajy;? uRrf;xkd;? wef;
vTJwmawG rjzpfrae vkyf
aqmifzdkY wGef;tm;ay; cH&
r,f/ tcsKdU stages tqifh
awGu tus,fcsJU MuD;rm;pGm
yHkazmfxm;NyD; zswfvwfpGm
csdefudkuf vIyf&Sm;rIeJY ckefysHrI
awGu Prince of Persia &JU
t&dyftaiGYt<uif; tusef
awG trSwf&p&mygyJ/ tcsKdU
e,fajrawGrSm vdyfeif*sm
wpfaumif;csi;f pDom oD;oefY
vrf;aMumif; &SmEkdifatmif
vkyfxm;w,f/ Raphael rS
olY&JU oHk;cG"m;ajrmif sai eJY
ukyw f ufr&S r,feh &H aH wG? Mi-
chelangelo rS olY&JU eHcsyful
udk acgif;ay:rSm a0SY,rf;NyD;
[,fvaD umhywm yHpk H yso H ef;
rSjzpfr,fh ae&mrsKd;awG jzpf

ygw,f/ TMNT &JU level
design rS ½IyfaxG; odrfarGYrI
awGvnf; awGY&ygr,f/ Dif-
ficulty tqifhu PoP u
xufawmh tawmfav;avQmh
xm;w,f/ b,fstage rS 10
rd e pf u ae 15 rd e pf x uf
ydkNyD; tcsdefr,lygbl;/
vdyfeif*sm&JU y&dowf
trsm;pku b,foljzpfrvJ/
ydkNyD;i,f&G,fwJholawGudk ypf
rS w f x m;wJ h * d r f ; jzpf w m
aMumifh difficulty udk scale
avQmh x m;wm aumif ; yg
w,f / 'gayr,f h scale
twdk;tavQmhu odyftHrus
vSbl;/ *drf;[m uifr&m
taoyHpk H oH;k xm;wmaMumifh
platforming sequences
awGrSm pdwftaESmifht,Suf
jzpfp&mawG ay:vmw,f/
½dkufcsuf½Iaxmifh,lyHkaMumifh
rMumcPqdkovdk ckef&r,fh
tuG m ta0;ud k rS e f ; qvd k Y
rjzpfbl;/ &rf;orf;rSef;oef;
rufowfawGjzpfwJh guess-
timate eJY trial-and-error
awGo;kH &vdrrhf ,f/ Controls
u 'k u © a y;wmawG v nf ;
&S d w ,f / tBud r f r sm;pG m
tvsiftjref ckef&wJhtcg
oif[m jump button udk
tqufrjywf ESdyf&if;ESdyf&if;
vufvGefoGm;wmawG rMum
cP jzpfvdrfhr,f/
aemuf combat ykid ;f jyef
Munfhawmhvnf;scale avQmh
wmvGefoGm;wmaMumifh r,Hk
Ekid af vmufatmifNiD;aiGYxxkH idk ;f
p&m aumif;vSw,f/ oifrh mS
t"du main attack button
wpfcyk &J wdS ,f/ aemufo;D jcm;
vGwfvyfpGm vkyfaqmifwJh
jump -kick button &Sdr,f/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
(PREVIEW)
Turtle wpf a umif c sif ; pD
tvdkuf ajymjyp&m combo
qdkvdkY wpfckpDyJ&Sdw,f/ awmf
awmf&Snfvsm;wJh combo
jzpfNyD; 'D combo yJ xyfcg
xyfcgvky&f ovdjk zpfaew,f/
tzG J Y vd k u f v k y f a qmif & wJ h
special- tag-team moves
awG v nf ; &S d w ,f / vl q d k ;
wpftkyfvHk;udk NzdKcGJEkdifwJh
electrifying attack rsKd;awG
jzpfygw,f/ twdu k t f cdu
k rf mS
jyóem&JU&if;jrpfuwpfzuf
enemies awGu tvGew f &m
nhzH sif;jcif;ygyJ/ oif&h UJ okwf
oif&Sif;vif;cH&zdkY vdIif;vHk;
awG wtHkwrBuD; qif;vm
ovdk vlqdk;eJYeif*smtkyfawG
eJYyJ BuHK&r,f/ oifvkyfp&m
vdkorQu attack button
udyk J wtke;f tke;f xkEu S af e½Hk
yJ/ raobJudk &SdaezdkYrsm;
w,f/
TMNT &JU *&yfzpfu
½ky&f iS &f UJ CG yHpk aH emuf rd'k ,f
jyKxm;vdkY odyfNyD;awmh cel-
shaded umwGef;um; rqef
vSbl;/ ZmwfaumifawGtm;
vH;k acsmarGYpmG animate vkyf
xm;w,f/ Levels tcef;
ART OF GAME
awGu pdwn f w
G Ef ;l zG,Mf unfh
aumif ; ygw,f / ½k y f & S i f r S
vkdifpif,ljyKvkyfwJh *drf;awG
twkid ;f yJTMNT[mgaming
platforms rsm;pG m tay:
xG u f & S d v mygr,f / Play-
Station 2, Game Cube,
Wii, Xbox 360 eJY PC awG
tukefyg0ifvdrfhr,f/ tvGef
trif;pif;atmifvkyfxm;wJh
combat eJY &Hzefo&
d cufveG ;f
wJhplatforming sequences
awGtMum; TMNT u Ekid if H
r&SdwJh vlvdk jzpfaew,f/
i,f&G,fwJh y&dowfawGu
vrf;aMumif;&Sm platforming
&JU pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&mrsm; axG;
ayGYEkdifrSm r[kwfovdk ydkBuD;
wJuh pm;olawGusawmhvnf;
tm;pk d u f x k w f p &mrvd k w J h
bvdkif;fighting mechan-
ics ukd NiD;aiGYpdwfukefoGm;
vdrrhf ,f/ Interactive Turl-
tle adventures rSm yg0ifvdk
wJh ½ky&f iS yf &dowfawGavmuf
yJ aysmfarGYzG,f&m &SmawGY
aumif;&SmawGYvrd rhf ,f/ usef
wJholawGtwGuf TMNT
*dr;f udk rupm;bJ tomav;
xm;cJhvdkY &ygw,f/
125
 ART OF GAME (GAME GUIDE)

God of War II
Game Guide

Play Station 2 ydik &f iS af wGukd Kratos eJY txl;wvnf rdwq f ufay;p&m rvdyk gb;l /
God of War &JU Zmwfvu kd af usmBf u;D aygh / 2005 ckEpS ?f tapmydik ;f pwif jzefaY 0Ny;D uwnf;u aumfyaD ygi;f
wpfoef;cGJ a&mif;csc&hJ w,f/ Kratos [m tJ'D *dr;f rSm ppfewfb&k m; Ares udk atmifEikd cf yhJ gw,f/
tck ESpEf pS Mf umNy;D wJah emuf God of WarII a&muf&v dS vYkd mcJyh g jy/D a&S;a[mif; *&de,fajr&JU
adventures pGepYf m;cef;&JU &iford w hf ek f Zmwfvrf;awG jzwfoef;Munh&f atmifvm;/

Tips
O cvkwu
f kd xk½u
kd jf cif;
*drf;twGif;rSm oif[m O button udk tqufrjywf xk½dkuf&r,hf ae&mrsm;pGmygw,f/
erlemwpfcku oif[m BuD;rm;wJh wHcg;wpfcsyf zGihf&mrSm Kratos &JU <uufom;awG
EId;qGay;zdkY O cvkwfudk tawmfav; jrefjref qufwdkufESdyf&wmygyJ/
tJ'D O mashing u vufrudkoHk;jyD; ESdyf&if odyftvkyfrjzpfbl;/
vufrudk tjref qufwdkuf zdESdyf&wm cufcJEikd w f ,f/ 'gaMumifh
O mashing sequences awGeJY MuHKvmwJhtcg vufn§dK;udkoHk;wm
aumif;w,f/ R1 button udk vufn§dK;eJYESdyfNyD; wpfckckudk
qJGudkifNyD;wJhaemuf O ESdyfzdkY vdkw,fqdk&ifvnf; R1 ay:u
vufn§dK;udkvTwfNyD; O tay: tapping vkyfEdkifwmyJ/

Button Selection Mini-games

God of War II rSm cvkwfESdyf0if&wJh mini-games rsm;pGm yg0ifw,f/ Screen ay:rSm
ay:vmwJh button tpDtpOftwdkif; vdkufESdyf&wJh minigames av;awG jzpfygw,f/
oifu button awG rSefuefpGm ESdyfEdkif&if animation vIyf&Sm;rIjyuGuf&JU aemufwpfydkif;udk
jyay;w,f/ cvkwfudk vGJNyD; ESdyfrd&ifawmh tpuae jyefp&vdrhfr,f/ tpydkif;rSmvG,fNyD;
aemufydkif; wjznf;jznf;eJY cufvmw,f/
cufcJwJh minigames awGrSm enf;pepfwpfcku cvkwfwpfckESdyftNyD;
aemufESdyf&r,fh cvkwf screen ay: ay:vmwm apmihfaecsdef vufrudk
cvkwfav;ck tv,f0Jí vsmxm;zdkYyJ/ 'gaMumihf prompt ay:&if
ay:vmwJh cvkwfESdyfzdkY vufrudk tvG,ftjref a&TUEdkifr,f r[kwfwJh
cvkwfudk rawmfwq ESdyfrdr,fh ta&;uvJ vJGoGm;r,f/ Minigames
awGudk ruRrf;&if God of War II udk NyD;atmif upm;zdkYvG,frSm
r[kwfbl;/

126 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f

 (GAME GUIDE) ART OF GAME

a&Smifwrd ;f a&; AsL[mrsm;

Krato &JU vl;vdrhf roll vIyf&Sm;rIuvnf; olY&JU combo attack awGvdkyJ ta&;BuD;w,f/
&efolu wdkufcdkufr,fvkyfwJhtcg 'grSr[kwf &efol wpftHkwpfrBuD; 0dkif;&HcH&wJhtcg
right analog stick eJY vdrfcsifwJhbufudk ,drf;um &efolUwdkufcdkufrIrS a&SmifvTJEdkifr,f/
'Denf;pepfu yifrtm;jzifhawmh wdkufcdkufrIudk a&Smif&Sm;wJh ae&mrSm oHk;wmqdkayr,fh
AsL[mus tuGufqifvdkY &wmawG&Sdw,f/ Krato &JU Blade of Chaos tusKd;tjrwfu
ta0;uae vSrf;wdkufEdkifwmyJ/ &efoleJY eD;vm&if right-analog stick eJY ta0;udk roll
vkyfNyD; oihf&JU aygif;pyf combination attacks udk jyefp&w,f/ eD;vGef;wJhtcg
&efolYwdkufuGufu udk,fh&JU cambo tpOfukd jzwfawmufoGm;Edkifw,f/ Cambo eJY &efol
vJusatmifvkyf? multi-hit strike ay;NyD;wJhaemuf ta0;odkY vdSrhfajy;? 'DwdkufuGuftwdkif;
jyefp vkyf&ygr,f/

qkyu f ikd v
f yJT pfjcif;
God of War rSm oihftouf raozdYk taumif;qH;k enf;u
zrf;,l udkifaygufrIawG rMumcP jyKvkyfzdkYyJ/ &efoltem;
a&mufwJhtcg O cvkwfudk ESdyf&if olYudk zrf;udkifvdkufNyD;wJh
aemuf oifxyfESdyfr,fh button tvdkuf trsKd;rsKd;aom
udkifaygufrI throw effects awG olYtay: usa&mufapr,f/
Oyrm av;axmihf square button ESdyf&if olYudk vTJypf?
udkifaygufr,f/ O udk xyfESdyf&ifawmh olYudk qGJjzJvdkufygr,f/
*drf;aemufydkif;rSmawmh &efoludk vHkavmufwJh damage
ray;Edkifrcsif; udkifaygufvdkY r&bl;/
&efbufwpfa,mufudk qkyf,l udkifaygufaecsdef oif[m vufeufeJY &efol
wdkufcdkufrIawG&JUab;rS uif;vGwfw,f/ &efol wpftkHwpfrMuD;eJY &ifqdkif&r,f qdk&if
taumifao; wpfaumifwnf;udk raorcsif; udkifaygufae/ olaoNyD;rS aemufwpfaumif
udk olYtwdkif; qufvkyf/ &efol taumifao;av;awGudk ukefatmifowf&r,f/ Cyclopes
udk udkifaygufvdkY r&wJh &efoltaumifBuD; ab;rS soldiers imps vdk jzKwfuJhodkY wpDpD
taESmihft,Sufay;wwfwJh taumifi,fav;awG 0ef;&Hae&if 'Denf;u taumif;qHk;ygyJ/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 127

 ART OF GAME (GAME GUIDE)

vufeufeaYJ rSmf
*drf;&JU tcsdeftrsm;pkrSm oif[m Athena's Blade vufeufwpfrsKd;wnf;udkyJ pGJudkif
oHk;pGJ&r,f/ aemufydkif;rSmawmh vufeufEpS rf sKd;xuf ydkNyD; o,fvmEdkifr,f/ Weapon udk
ajymif;zdkY start udk ESdyfNyD;&if O udk ESdyfNyD; weapon awGvJ MunhfEdkifw,f/
Athena's Blade udkawmh yHkaoudkifxm;&NyD; aemufvufeufawGyJ vJEdkifw,f/

Athena's Blades
*drf; pwifpOf Athena's Blades udkom oihf&JU t"du vufeuftjzpf oHk;&r,f/
'kw,
d vufeufukd awmfawmfeJY &OD;rSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh Blades u tusKd;
tjrwftrsm;qHk; xkwf,lEdkifzdkY tjcm;vufeufawGqD rvSnfhao;bJ Blades udkom
tjynfht0 upgrade vkyfyg/ taumif;qHk;u Blades udk Level three xd upgrade
vkyfNyD; Cronos Rage udk Level two xd upgrade vkyfyg/ 'Daemuf
Blades udk aemufqHk;tqihfxd upgrade vkyfyg/ tJ'D vufeuf
ESpfcku ta0;odkY oufa&mufapEdkifNyD; wdkufcdkufrIyHkpH trsKd;rsKd;
vnf; vkyfvdkY&wmaMumihf c&D;wpfavQmuf taotcsmudk
trsm;qHk; oHk;jzpfr,fh vufeufawGygyJ/
ta0;a&muf wdkufcdkufrI tusKd;tjrwf,lNyD; &efoludk udk,fhem;
ruyfapeJY/ eD;vm&if right-analog stick eJY vSdrfhNyD; ta0;odkYa&Smif/

Moves Input Description

Icarus Lift X,X ESpfqifhckefwmudk *drf;puwnf;u &&Sdw,f/

Olympic
triangle udk &efou

l kd avxJyihaf jr§mufí Kratos vnf; avxJvu kd cf ek Nf yD;
Ascension ESyd x
f m;yg/ avxJwu kd cf u
kd rf I aerial combas eJY throws awG &&Srd ,f/

Orion's O &efol avxJajrmufaecsdef O button eJY qGJzrf;NyD; ajrBuD;odkY

Harpoon udkif½dkufEdkifw,f/

Athema's L1 L1 udkacgufNyD; ajrodkY vJusonfxd xdk;ESufEdkifw,f/

Reverse

Plume of Square, Square, [dkbuf'Dbuf tpGrf;ukefa0SU,rf;NyD; ajrBuD;udk ½dkufwJhtcg

Prometheus Triangle xdwJhae&mrS ausmuf&nfyl Lava awG xGufvmr,f/

128 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f


AT bus. rl&if; IBM Personal Computer \ 8-bit bus
ESifh Intel 80386 ESifh 80486 rdkufu½kdy½kdqufqmrsm;ukd
tokH;jyKonfh uGefysLwmrsm;\ 32-bit bus wkdYESifh uGJjym;jcm;
ap&ef IBM personal Computer AT wGit f ok;H jyKonfh 16-
bit expansion bus jzpfonf/ 80386 ESifh 80486 puf
trsm;pkwGif ,cifpufta[mif;rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfokH;pJGEkdifap
&ef AT-Compatible expansion slot rsm; yg&Sdonf/
AT Command set . Hayes Corporation rSjyKvkyfonfh
modem wpfcu
k dk xde;f csKyfay;&ef pHowfrw
S cf sufEiS hf uku
d n
f D
atmif wnfaqmufxm;aom trdefYay;apckdif;csuf jzpfonf/
AT keyboard . AT onf Advanced Technology (wkd;
wufaom enf;ynm)ukd &nfñTef;onf/ IBM ESifh ,if;ESifh
twl wGJokH;EkdifaomcvkwfokH;ckteufrS wpfckjzpfonf/ PC
pwkdifcvkwfcHkrsm; OD;pGmay:vmonf/ xkdYaemuf AT ESifh
Enhanced cvkwfcHkrsm; toD;oD;ay:vmMuonf/ (PC
keyboard ESifh Enhanced keyboard rsm; Munfhyg/)
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
AT mode . Hayes AT Command set ukd tok;H jyKí jyKvkyf
aom command rsm;ukd vufcH&eftoifh&Sdaom modem
wpfck\ tvkyfvkyfaqmifykH vkyfaqmifenf;ukdqkdvkdonf/
attachment . Electronic mail message ESifhtwl yl;wGJ
ykdYaqmifrnfh zkdifukdac:onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh electronic mail
message wpf c k E S i f h t wl ACCOUNTS.XLS [l a om
spread sheed zkdifwpfckukdyg yl;wGJykdYvdkygu ¤if;yl;wJGyg0if
ay;ykdYvkdufaomzkdifukd attachment [k ac:onf/ Microsoft
windows for workgroups uko d ;Hk pJyG gu ¤if;wGif MS-Mail
[laom electronic mail package wpfck yg&So d nf/ ¤if;onf
attachments uk d ok H ; Ek d i f o nf / tif w meuf a y:wG i f
yl;wJGay;ykdYaom attachments wkdYonf MIME encoding
system ukd okH;onf/ Electronic mail software wGif
¤if;pepfyg&SdNyD;jzpfonf/
A to D or A/D. Analog to digital -tifemavmhykHpHrS
‘'pf*spfw,fokdYajymif;vJaponfh signal jyKvkyfjcif;/
A to D converter. Analog to digital converter- uGefysL
wmwpfvkH;em;vnfEkdif&ef analog input wpfcktm; digital
output wpfcktjzpf ajymif;vJay;aom device ukd ac:onf/
attribute . zki
d w
f pfct
k m; rnfuo
hJ Ydkoabmxm;qufq&H rnf
ukd vkyfaqmifrIpepftm;ajymjyonfh oauFw (code) wpfck
jzpfonf/ Attribute rsm;ukd atmufygudprö sm;twGuf tokH;
129
 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
jyKolu set vkyfxm;Ekdifonf/
(1) zkdifwpfcktm; ]] read only}}vkyf&ef wpfenf;tm;jzifh
ajymif;vJír&atmif zefw;D &ef/ okYd ro S m &nf&, G cf sufjzifh
jzpfap? r&nf&G,fbJjzpfap tajymif;tvJrvkyfEkdifatmif
[efYwm; umuG,fay;onf/
(2) aemufqHk; backup vkyNf yD;uwnf;u ajymif;vJomG ;aom
aMumifh backup wpfcv k yk x
f m;&ef vkt d yfonfzh idk w
f pfcu
k dk
rSwfom;&ef/
(3) rnfonhf directory xJwGifrS emrnfay:rvmap&ef
zkdifwpfckukd azsmufxm;&ef/ okdYrSom c&D;oGm;[efvGJjyKol
rsm; taejzifh xkdzkdifukd &,loHk;pJGEkdifatmif [efYwm;xm;
Ekdifonf/
attribute character. Character attribute Munfy
h g/
audit trail. aiGpm&if;qkdif&m y½kd*&rfrsm;pGmonf ukefypönf;
ta&mif;t0,f udprö sm;ukd ajc&maumufay;Ekid pf rG ;f &SMd uonf/
rdrdrSwfom;xm;onfh udef;*Pef;rsm; vJGacsmfaeaMumif;
aemufykdif;wGif&SmawGUygu audit trail twkdif; trSm;&Sd&mokdY
ajc&m jyefaumuf,lEkdifonf/ tjcm;y½kd*&rfrsm;onf y½kd
*&rfudk tok;H jyKjcif;jzifh oifjyKvkycf o
hJ nft
h ajymif;tvJrsm;ukd
ajc&maumufEkdifaprnfh audit trail okdYr[kwf audit log
(pm&if;rSwfwrf;)rsm;ukd xdef;odrf;ay;xm;onf/
Oyrm-Norton Utilities ukdtokH;jyKNyD; disk jyóemrsm;ukd
rSefuefatmifjyKjyifay;onfhtcgwGif jyifqifrSwfom;csufukd
y½kd*&rfu jznfhqnf;azmfjyay;onf/
authoring language . y½kd*&rfa&;onfh bmompum;
wpfck jzpfonf/ ukd,fykdifuGefysLwmtaxmuftuljyK ñTef
Mum;csuf y½k*d &rfrsm;ESihf ppfaq;rIrsm;ukd zefw;D &mwGif tok;H
jyKonf/ 0efxrf;topfrsm;ukd vrf;ñTefrIjyK&mwGif vnf;
aumif;? vuf&dS 0efxrf;rsm;tm; enf;ynmopfrsm;ukd tok;H cs
enf;ukdoifMum;&mwGifvnf;aumif; avhusifha&;XmeBuD;rsm;
wGif ,if;y½k*d &rfEiS hf ppfaq;rIrsm;ukd tok;H jyKMuonf/ xkYd jyif
Multimedia y½k* d &rfwYdkudk zefw;D &mwGiv
f nf; tok;H jyKonf/
Authoring software ukdokH;í multimedia book twGuf
page rsm; zefwD;jcif;? video clips rsm; xnfhoGif;jcif;?
½kyfyHk pmom;? toHwkdYukd xnfhoGif;jcif;tp&SdonfwkdYukd
jyKvkyfEkdif onf/ Multimedia developer trsm;pkonf
orm;½k d ; us progromming language xuf p mvQif
authoring software wpf r sKd ; rsKd ; uk d ok H ; wwf M uonf /
130 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
taMumif ; rS m ¤if ; aqmh z f 0 J j zif h multimedia y½k d * &rf
zefwD;,l&mwGif ykdrdk vsifjref vG,ful oufomaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
Auto-dial . uGeyf sLwmESpv
f ;kH onf modem rsm;ukd tok;H jyK
NyD; zkef;jzifhqufoG,fajymMum;EkdifMuonf/ Modem wpfck
onf tjcm; modem \ zke;f eHygwfudk ac:ay;onf/ zke;f ac:
&ef zk e f ; eH y gwf u k d
vufjzifh ½kdufESdyfay;
Ekdifaomfvnf; quf
oG , f a &; y½k d * &rf
( modem wpf c k r S
wpfqifh tcsuf
tvufrsm; vJT
ajymif;rIukd xdef;csKyf
ay;aom y½kd*&rf)
rsm;onf rdrt d wGuf
zkef;eHygwf vSnfhay;
Ekdifaom auto-dial
wpfck xnfhoGif;ay;xm;Muonf/
autoexec.bat. uGefysKwmukd pzGifhvkdufonfhtcgwdkif; ñTef
Mum;csufrsm;ukd tvdktavsmuf aqmif&Gufay;aom DOS
zkid w
f pfcjk zpfonf/ AUTOmatically EXECutes a BATch
of commands (‘ñTefMum;csufrsm;ukd tvkdtavsmuf aqmif
&Gufay;jcif;) qkdaom 0gusukd twkdaumuf ac:qkdjcif;jzpf
onf/ xkdYtwl uGefysLwmukd pwifzGifhvkduf&mwGif xdef;csKyf
&eftwGuf tokH;jyKolu zefwD;a&;om;Ekdifaom txl; text
file ESpcf tk eufrS wpfcv
k nf;jzpfonf/ AUTOEXEC.BAT
onf batch file wpfckjzpfNyD; uGefysLwmukdpwifzGifh&mwGif
okH;Ekdif&eftwGuf disk \ system xJwGif&Sdaeonf/ þzkdif
&Sdygu DOS ac:wifNyD;onfESifh þzkdif&SdtrdefYay;ckdif;apcsuf
rsm;ukd tvdktavsmuf vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ tjcm;
aom txl;zkdifwpfckrSm CONFIG.SYS jzpfNyD; txl;‘ ñTef
Mum;ckdif;apcsufrsm; yg&Sdonf/ rdrduGefysLwmwGif AUTO-
EXEC.BAT zkdif&Sdr&Sdukd DIR C:/ AUTOEXEC.BAT
okdYr[kwf DIR A:/AUTOEXEC.BAT [lí command
½kdufESdyfNyD; ppfaq;MunfhEkdifonf/ &Sdygu xkdzkdifxJwGif rnf
onfht&mrsm; a&;om;xm;onfukd od&Sd&ef TYPE [laom
command ukdokH;í ppfaq;Ekdifonf/ &Sdaeaom AUTO-
EXEC.BAT zdkifukd zsufrypf&ef okdYr[kwf rqDavsmfaom
 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
Alt-Del ESdyfí uGefysLwmudk jyefvnfpwifEkdifonf/ rdrd\
AUTOEXEC.BAT zdi k f odYk r[kwf CONFIG.SYS zdik o f nf
PC udk pzGi&
hf mwGif jyóemwpfpw kH pf&m&Sad eygu rl&if; DOS
startup disk ukd oHk;í DOS prompt xJ 0if&rnfjzpfonf/
AUTOEXEC. BAT zdkif tvkyfvkyfjcif;udk wm;qD;&ef
twGuf DOS pwifcsdefwGif Ctrl-Break udk ESdyfjcif;jzifh
AUTOEXEC.BAT zdkifxJ&Sd command wdkY tvkyfvkyfjcif;
udk y,fzsufwm;qD;xm;Ekdifonf/

ajymif;vJjyKjyifcsufrsm; rjyKvkyfvdkuf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/

AUTOEXEC.BAT zdi k of nf r&Srd jzpfvt dk yfaom zdik f r[kwf
ay/ r&Sdvnf;jzpfonf/ r&SdvQif DOS onf time ESifh data
udkar;jyD;aemuf DOS prompt wGif tqifoifhjzpfaernf
jzpfonf/ ,cktcg uGefysLwmtrsm;pkwGif battery clock
ESifh calendar wdkY yg&SdMuojzifh time ESifh data udk rar;&ef
AUTOEXEC.BAT zdi k wf pfck zefw;D xm;Ekid of nf/ rnfonfh
command rQ þzdi k w
f iG f a&;om;rxm;vnf; tvkyjf zpfonf/
AUTOEXEC.BAT zdkifonf DOS command rsm;udk wpf
aMumif;jyD;wpfaMumif; a&;om;xm;aom text zdkifwpfck automatic font downloading. uGeyf sLwmyHEk ydS pf uf (printer)
jzpfonf/ pmaMumif;a&;om;&eftwGuf copy command wkdif;wGif xnfhoGif;jyD;om; font wpfrsKd; ygvmMu onf/
udk oHk;Ekdifaomfvnf; text editor wpfckckodkYr[kwf word (Font onf yHp k EH iS hf t&G,t
f pm;wl pmvH;k rsm;jzpfonf) Printer
processor wpfcc kuk o kd ;kH ygu ydak umif;onf/ AUTOEXEC. wGif uGefysLwm&Sd rSwfÓPfrS cGJxkwfxm;aom inter-nal
BAT zdkifwGif rnfonfh command pmaMumif;rsm; xnfhoGif; memory vnf; yg&SdEkdifonf/ tydk font rsm; jznfhqnf;&ef
oifhonfqdkonfrSm rdrdtay:wGif rlwnfonf/ tcsKdU uGefysLwmtwGuf soft font (aqmhzf0Jjzifh zefwD; xm;onfh
command wdkYonf rdrdaqmhzf0JtwGuf vdktyfonf/ Oyrm- Font ) rsm; 0,f,lEkdifonf/ Soft font wpfckudk toHk;rjyKrD
SET uJhodkYaom command jzpfonf/ y½dk*&rfzdkifwdkYudk font rsm;udk printer wGif download vkyf&onf/ rdrd
rnfonfh directory wGif Munhf½I&ef DOS udk ajymjyaom toHk;jyKvdkonfh font rsm;twGuf owif; tcsuftvufrsm;
path command onf autoexec.bat zkdifwkdif;vdkvdkwGif yg&Sd udk uGefysLwmrSaeí printer odkY ydkYay;jcif;udk qdkvdkonf/
wwfonf/ autoexec.bat zdkifukd back-up xm;&Sd&ef tjcm; tcsKdUy½dk*&rfrsm;onf font rsm;udk printer qDodkY vdktyfonfh
disk wpfckwGif ul;,lxm;Ekdifonf/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;zdkifwGif tcgwdkif; tvdktavsmuf ydkYay;EkdifMuonf/
yg&Sdaom command pmaMumif;vkdif;wdkYudk print xkwf,l
odr;f xm;Ekid o
f nf/ vdt k yfygu jyefvnfo;kH pGEJ idk rf nfjzpfonf/ automated teller
tcsKdU software packages wdkYonf install vkyf&mwGif machine (ATM) . aiG
autoexec.bat zdi k u
f kd ¤if;wdYk bmom ajymif;vJjyKjyifvu dk w
f wf xkwuf wfrsm;udk vufcjH yD;
onf/ uGefysLwmudkpwifvnfywfjyD; autoexec.bat zdkif&Sd tvdktavsmuf aiGxkwf
command rsm;udk tvkyfvkyfjyD;aemuf aemufxyfjyKjyif ay;Ekdifonfh uGefysLwm
ajymif;vJcsurf sm;udk xnfo h iG ;f jyKjyifxm;vQif csucf si;f tusK;d toHk;cspufwpfvHk; jzpf
oufa&mufrI r&Sdao;ay/ aemufwpfMudrfuGefysLwmudk onf/
jyefvnfpwifziG rhf S tusKd;oufa&mufrI &Srd nfjzpfonf/ Ctrl-

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 131

 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
auto repeat key. Typematic [kvnf; odxm;Muonf/
cvkwfudkESdyfxm;orQ pmvHk;rsm;? *Pef;rsm;? oauFwrsm;?
uGufvyfrsm;udk txyfxyf ay:vmapaom cvkwfjzpfonf/
y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmonf character rsm; txyfxyf jyefazmfay;
onfEh eI ;f udk jr§iahf y;Ekid o
f nf/ Character rsm; txyfxyfrazmf
rD cvkwu f kd ESyd x
f m;&ef Mumjrifoh nfh tcsed u
f v
kd nf; jr§iahf y;Ekid f
onf/

autosave. zdkifwpfckay:wGif tvkyfvkyfaepOfwGif rdrdjyKvkyf

vkdufonfh tajymif;tvJrSeforQudk uGefysLwm\ tDvuf
x&Ge;f epfrw
S Óf Pf (RAM) xJwiG o f m odr;f qnf;xm;onf/
,if;rSwfÓPfESifh ,if;txJwGif odrf;qnf;xm;orQonf avi . Audio/video interleaved \ twdkaumufjzpfonf/
ay;xm;onfh vQypf pf"mwftm;ay:wGif rScD t kd m;xm;ae&onf/ Video clips ESihf audio wdYk ukd wpfjydKifwnf; tvkyv
f yk af p&ef
vQyfppf"mwftm;tenf;i,fusoGm;½Hkjzifh rdrd½dkufxm;orQ odrf;qnf;xm;aom file format wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ Micro-
tm;vH;k aysmufu, G o f mG ;Ekid o
f nf/ rdrt
d ajymif;tvJ vkyx
f m; soft \ pHcsdefpHnTef;wpfckjzpfonf/ avi extension &Sdaom
onfrsm;udk rD;jywfjcif;ESifh tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;aMumifh qHk;½HI; zdkifwdkYudk Accessories group &Sd Media Player utility
oGm;jcif; r&Sdap&ef disk xJwGif rSefrSef save vkyfxm;oifh udkoHk;í zGifhvSpf Munfh½IEkdifonf/
onf/ y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmwGif rdrdvkyfxm;onfh tvkyftm;vHk;udk
disk ay:wGif rSer
f eS f save vkyaf y;aom autosave vkyaf qmif
rI wpf&yfyg&Sdonf/ rD;jywfoGm;onfhtcgwGif zdkifudk aemuf
qHk;tMudrf save vkyfxm;onfhaemufykdif; rdrdjyKvkyfxm;onfh
tajymif;tvJrsm;avmufom qHk;½HI;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/

axis. Chart wpfck odkYr[kwf udkMo'dedwfrsm;toHk;jyKonfh

two-dimensional system wpfckwGif wefzdk;rsm; rSwfom;
oGm;onfh &nfnTef;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonfh a&jyifnDrsOf; (x
axis) odYk r[kwf axmifvukd rf sO;f (y axis) udak c:onf/ (yHw
k iG f
Munfhyg/) Three dimensional coordinate system wGif
depth udk ukd,fpm;jyK&ef wwd,rsOf; (Z-axis) udk toHk;jyK
onf/
(qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

132 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f

 tqifh (1) tqifh (2)

350 _350 px t&G,f LCD Orb jyKvkyf Selection udk rjzKwfao;bJ Layer topf
r,f/ 'Denf;pepfeJYyJ tjcm;t&G,f? tjcm; yHk jyKvyk jf yD; 'LCD shading' vdYktrnfay;yg/ Color
oP²mefawGtwGuf qd&k if oih&f UJ image tvdu k f udk tjzLtrnf; default jyefjzpfatmif uD;bkwf
'D tutorial rSm 'DrSm azmfjyxm;wJh wefzdk;awG vdkovdk n§d,lzdkY u D udEk ydS yf g/ Edit > Stroke udk a&G;yg/ Width
awmufy vdkaumif; vdkvdrhfr,f/ rSm 9 udk xm;yg/ ta&mifu teuf? Location
ajymifvuf wJh tjzLa&mif background eJY 350 _350 px u Inside jzpfaMumif; aocsmapí OK udk
image topfudk file> New uaeNyD; a&G;,lí uvpfESdyfvdkufyg/
glowing LCD
pwifvdkufyg/ xHk;pHtwdkif; Layer topfwpfck
Orb b,fvkd
jyKvkyfyg/ tJ'D Layer udk 'LCD shape' vdkY
jyKvyk &f r,f qdwk m trnfay;yg/ Ellipitical Marquee tool udk
jyor,f/ a&G;udik v
f u
kd yf g/ Shift eJY Alt wJEG ydS x
f m;&if; A[dk
Interfaces eJY rS tjyifodkY drag qJGí image jyif wpfckvHk;eD;eD;
Li-tech 'DZidk f;awG zHk;aer,fh puf0dkif;wpfck qJGvdkufyg/
twGuf txl;
aumif;rGew f ,f/
Glowing effect
&apzdkY airbrush 'LCD Shading' Layer a&G;xm;qJ selec-
tion rjyKwaf o;cifrmS Filter > Blur > Gaussian
enf;pepfawG
Blur udk oGm;yg/ Setting rSm 9 xm;NyD; OK udk
b,fvkd
uvpfESdyfyg/ ¤if; Layer &JU opacity udk 28
oH;k &r,fqw
kd m &mcdik Ef eI ;f avmufcsyg/ oih&f UJ image u 'Derlem
avhvm eJY rwlwJh t&G,ftpm;&Sd&if yHkrSmjyxm;wJh toGif
oifMum;&r,f/ tjyifrsKd;&zdYk rwlwhJ settings awG prf;oyf xnfh
Slection udk
ta&mif fill jznfhzdkY Edit >
Highlight effect oGif;Munfh&r,fqdkwm owd&yg/ Ctrl+D udk
File udk a&G;vdkufyg/ 'DerlemrSm ta&mifudk
&apzdYk b,fvkd # ACBEDC xm;xm;w,f/
ESdyfNyD; selection udk jzKwfvdkufyg/
'DZikd ;f qif&r,f
qdwk mvnf; ñTejf y
ay;xm;ygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 133

 wpf0ufavmuf eif;xm;um wpfpuúefYavmuf mouse but-
tqifh (3) ton udk ESdyfxm;yg/

aemufwpfqihu f awmh Orb ywfvnfrmS rxifr&Sm; odrf

arGUwJh aumufaMumif; jyKvkyaf y;zdYk y/J Shape ½kyyf u kH kd aemufcH
background rS tenf;i,f jcm;em; ay:vGifvmapzdkY jzpfyg
w,f/ puf0ikd ;f &JU selection udk jyefjyD; ac:,lzYkd 'LCD Shape'
layer tay:rSm Ctrl ESdyf&if; uvpfacgufyg/ &SdNyD; layer
awG txufrSm aemufxyf Layer topf jyKvkyfí 'Stroke'
vdkY trnfay;yg/ Edit > Stroke odkYoGm;NyD; setting udk 2
rSmxm;yg/ 'D Layer &JU opacity udk 32 &mcdkifEIef;avmufrSm
xm;yg/

Mouse udk atmufodkY xyfcsí brush &JU xdyfydkif; 1/3

om selection tay: tkyfrdaeatmif ae&ma&TUyg/ wpfpuúefY
avmuf xyfí uvpfEydS yf g/ ,ck oif[m puf0ikd ;f atmufajc
wpf0dkufeJY awmufy ajymifvufwJh glowin area &&Sdr,f/
atmufajcu tawmufqHk;yJ/ acsmvnf; acsmarGUw,faemf/

tqifh (5)

aemufwpfqihfuawmh Orb tvHk;av;twGuf high-

light zefwD;zdkYygyJ/ Layer topfjyKvkyfjyD; 'highlight' vdkY
tqifh (4) trnfay;yg/ Pen tool udk a&G;udkifxm;yg/ option bar rSm
path mode udk a&G;xm;yg/ tck puf0dkif;tay:wpf0ufrSm
Layer tm;vHk;&JU txufrSm aemufxyf Layer topf
yHkrSmjyxm;wmeJY tMurf;zsif;wlatmif points rsm;csí a&;qGJ
jyKvkyfjyD; 'Orb Glow' vdkY trnfay;yg/ Layer blenching
mode rSm Normal uae Color Dodge odkY ajymif;yg/ 'Fill'
(opacity twGuf atmufrSm&Sdw,f) udk 21 &mcdkifEIef;em;
xm;yg/ 'Daemuf Paintbrush tool udk a&G;udkifxm;yg/
Option bar u Airbrush icon udk a&G;xm;yg/
Color udk reset jyefcszdkY D udkESdyfNyD; X udk qufESdyfyg/
Foreground color u tjzLa&mif jzpfvmr,f/ Option
bar rSaeí brush size 300 0ef;usif? Hardness okn
&mcdkifEIef;eJY flow 40 &mcdkifEIef; setting awG ,lxm;yg/
oihf&JU brush udk yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif; selection &JU atmuf

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

yg/ (Paths u ta&mifydwfjzpfaejyD; puf0dkif;udk uG,fae&if
txufuajymcJhovdk Pen tool [m Paths mode rSm &Sdwm
aocsmygap/)
Path &JU atmufajcu rsOf;auG;jzpfatmif Add An-
chor Point Pen tool eJY anchor point wpfck xyfxnfhjyD;
direct selection tool eJY a&G;cs,fí tay:odkY qGJwifyg/
tqifh (6)
Pen tool a&G;cs,fxm;qJrSm path tay: right click
ESdyfjyD; 'Make Selection' udk a&G;í OK udk ESdyfyg/ aemuf
selection tool odkY ajymif;udkifzdkY uD;bkwfu M udk ESdyfyg/
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
aemufvyk &f r,fwh pfyikd ;f u enf;enf; ynmom;yg vuf
0ifw,f/ 'gaMumifh oihf&JU tusÐvufarmif;udk enf;enf;
vdyfwifxm;yg/ Shift+Ctrl+Alt ESdyfxm;&if; 'LCD shape'
Layer tay: uvpfEy dS yf g/ uD;bkwaf y:u atmufjrm;cvkwf
ESdyfjyD; pixles 5 ckpmavmuf atmufodkY csyg/ oif&&SdwJh se-
lection [m atmuferlemrSm jyxm;wJhtwdkif; jzpfae&r,f/
tqifh (7)
Gradient Tool udk a&G;udkifxm;jyD; 'Foreground to
Transparent setting xm;yg/ (white to transparent) tck
selection rS tay:uae atmufodkY drag qGJyg/ aumif;rGef
ESpv
f zkd ,
G f highlight &&Srd ,f/ raumif;&ifawmh raumif;rcsi;f
prf;vkyaf ygh/ Ctrl+D ESyd jf yD; selection jzKwfyg/ Filter>Blur>
Gaussian Blur odkY oGm;jyD; setting udk 6 xm;yg/
135
 tqifh (8)

ckaecgrSm LCD Orb uawmh jyD;pD;oGm;ygjyD/ 'gudk skin,

website layout 'grSr[kwf oifMudKufESpfoufwJh b,fae&m
rSmrqdk interface &JU tpdwftydkif;tjzpf oHk;Edkifw,f/ Scan-
lines uefYvefYjzwfrsOf;awG translucent logo tvif;ayguf
pmvHk;awGeJY tjcm; interface rSm insel epf0ifyHk effects awG
aygif;xnfEh ikd yf gao;w,f/ aemufvrSm qufvuf wifjyr,fh
smooth metal tutorial enf;pepfoHk; azmfxkwfxm;wJh
smooth metal panel rsKd;jyKvkyfjyD; atmufu yHkrsKd;vnf;
jyKvkyfEdkifygw,f/

½kyfyHktjyifbuf pGef;xGufaewJh gradient awG zsufzdkY

Ctrl zdxm;&if; "LCD shape" layer tay: uvpfESdyfí rlv
puf0ikd ;f selection udk jyefac:yg/ Select>Inverse udk a&G;jyD;
uD;bkwfay:u Delete udk ESdyfyg/ oihf&JU background u
tjzLa&mifr[kwfbJ tjcm;ta&mifawG jzpf&ifawmh tajymif;
tvJudk jrif&r,f/ EdkYr[kwf&ifawmh jrif&rSm r[kwfbl;/
oihf&JU hight light udk ydkjyD; awmufycsif&if High-
light Layer udk duplicate yGm;jyD; Layer &JU opacity udk
n§d,lyg/ trsKd;rsKd;aom effects awG&zdkY highlight udk
Edit>Free Transform eJY upm;MunfhEdkifygw,f/

136 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

 PHOTOSHOP jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

5 Second eye enhancement

b,fvkd yHw
k l "mwfyt
kH wGurf qdk ta&;tBuD;qH;k tydik ;f udk
odvm;/ rsuf0ef;av;awGaygh/ a[m'DrSm tJ'Drsuf0ef;awGudk
enhance vkyfay;r,f/ tvGef&Sif;aom enf;vrf;wpfck/
jrefjrefqefqef oufoufomomeJY rsufvHk;awGudk awmufy
&Tef;vJhvmatmif vkyfay;r,f/ 'gudk o½kyfazmf wifqufzdkY
iStock photo.com &JU BuD;rm;vSpGmaom database xJrS
tvSya*;av;&JU "mwfyHkudk ,loHk;xm;ygw,f/
oif\ vkyif ef;cGi{f &d,mudk jyifqifjcif;
tqihf «1»
"mwfyHkudk Photoshop rSm zGihfNyD;wJhaemuf Ctrl+J ESdyfNyD;
background Layer udk duplicate yGm;xm;yg/ vdkw,fvdkY
awmh r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh rl&if;yHkudk rxdcdkufapbJ trsKd;rsKd;
prf;MunfhvdkY &wmaygh/
rsufeuf0ef;ywfvnfwif Lasso tool eJY vdkufa&TUNyD;
olYudk,fydkif Layer rSm vkyf&ifvnf; &wmygyJ/ oifu tjcm;
retouching awGvnf; vkyfr,fqdk&if 'gu taumif;qHk;
a&G;cs,frIjzpfvdrhfr,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 137

tqihf «2»
Window>Arrange> New window for [document
name] udk a&G;yg/ Window topfrSm Ctrl+ (+) udk ESdyfNyD;
rsuf0ef;udk Zoom csJUyg/ rlv window udkawmh print xkwf
r,fth &G,yf J tMurf;zsif;xm;yg/ 'gaMumifh oih&f UJ vkyaf qmifrI
rS b,fvdkoufa&mufrI&Sdr,fqdkwm jrif&r,f/ Window
wpfckrSm oifvkyforQ tjcm;wpfckrSm tvdktavsmuf a&mif
jyef[yf ajymif;vJvdrhfr,f/ Retouching vkyfwJhtcg 'gu
toHk;0ifvSygw,f/

t&G,fao;atmif b,fbufav;axmifhuGif; (ESdyfNyD;

BuD;csif&if nmbuftydwfav;axmifhuGif;)udk ESdyfyg/
aemuf rsufeuf0ef;rSm dodge tool eJY jc,foupm;
Munfhyg/ oifvkyforQ vdkwm 'gygyJ/ yGm;xm;wJh Layer u
opacity udk avQmhNyD; effect udk tm;aysmhoGm;atmif vkyfí
vnf; &ygw,f/
½dk;ayr,fh xda&mufvSwJhenf;yJ jzpfygw,f/

rsu0f ef;udk enhance jyKvyk jf cif;

tqihf «3»
Dodge tool udk a&G;udkifxm;yg/ Screen xdyfu op-
tions bar rSm Exposure udk 30 &mcdkifEIef;xm;yg/ "mwfyHkay:
dodge tool udk a&TUMunfhNyD; rsuf0ef;{&d,meJY udkufnDatmif
brush cursor &JU t&G,ftpm;udk n§d,l&r,f/

138 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf





pdwt h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem
f aESmift
tcef;(2) tydkif;(1)
rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm;tm; zefw;D jcif;? odr;f qnf;jcif;
rnfonfh documents rsKd;twGufjzpfap zefwD;,ljcif;
ESifh odrf;qnf;,ljcif;qdkonfh vkyfief;ESpf&yfjzifh word wGif
yg0ifaeygvdrfhrnf/ Word jzifh tvkyfwpfckudk vkyfaepOf
umvtwGif;aomfvnf;aumif;? acwå&yfem;xm;pOfumv
wGifaomfvnf;aumif;? vHk;0jyD;qHk;oGm;onfhtcgwGifaomf
vnf;aumif; save vkyjf cif;udk tavhtusio hf zG,f vkyaf qmif
,lMu&onf/ odkYrSom uGefysLwm crashes jzpfomG ;onft h cg
rsKd;ESifh windows jyKwfusoGm;onfhtcgrsKd;wdkYwGif rysufpD;
raysmufqHk;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/
tajccH word processor wpfckwGif document opf
wpfcu k kd zefw;D &mü ½d;k &Si;f vSonf/ odYk aomf word wpfcw k iG rf l
templates rsm; zGifhay;xm;jcif;aMumifh ½IyfaxG;rIrsm; &SdEkdif
onf/ Templates \oabmrSm tcsdefukefoufomap&ef
pDpOfay;xm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;ESifhywfoufí jyóem
rsm;vnf; &SdoGm;apEkdifygonf/
Saving vkyfief;pOfonfvnf; ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;yif vkyfudkif
Ekdifaponf/ Word taejzifh tab wpfckvHk;\ save options
rsm;udk ryHhydk;xm;cJhvQifrl tqdkygudpötwGuf Za0Z0gjzpf
aumif;jzpfEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ xdk options rsm;xJrS tcsKdUonf
tvGefaumif;rGefvSí tcsKdUonf uoduatmuf yHkpHrsm;&SdEkdif
ygonf/ aumif;onfb h ufwiG rf l tvkyv f yk &f mwGif ydrk jkd refqefrI
&SdapjyD; word aMumifh &yfwefYaysmufysufoGm;onfhtwkdif;
jyefvnf&,lEkdif&ef pGrf;aqmifEkdifaom taetxm;rsm;&SdMu
onf/ þoifcef;pmtcef;wGif MuHKawGYvmwwfaom tcuf
tcJrsm;ESifh ¤if;tcuftcJrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Ekdifrnfh uMudK;rsm;
udk xkwfazmfay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
Word oifcef;pm

TEMPLATES
Default document twGi;f rS text rsm; z,fxw k ,f jl cif;
Annoyance
Word udk pzGivhf QifziG chf sif; jyD;cJah omvu a&;om;xm;cJh
onfh pmwpfapmif toifyh gvmonfh document wpfc&k vmcJh
onf/ tqdkyg text rsm;udk select vkyfum delete vkyf&ef
yxrqHk;MudK;pm;&onf/ Document topf tvGwfwpfckudk
standard toolbar rSwpfqifh ac:,lonft h cgwGiv
f nf; xdo k Ykd
tvm;wl MuHKawGYvm&onf/
Fix
rdrdtaejzifh document udk wpfenf;enf;jzifh Normal
.dot tjzpf save vkyf,lcJhonf/ Word vnfywfaepOf tjrJ
yGiahf eaom global template udk toH;k csxm;onf/ oDt&kd t D &
r&nf&G,fxm;aomfvnf; Normal .dot odkY text rsm; &,l&ef
cufcJonf/ odkY&mwGif tHhtm;oifhavmufatmif rMumcP
jzpfysufaeonf[k xif&onf/
Tools udka&G; options odkYoGm; File Locations tab udk
click vky, f u
l m pm&if;wGiyf g&So
d nfh User Template qdo k nfh
tcsufudkESdyf,ljyD; location readout wGif ppfaq;zwf½I
&onf/ Readout onf ae&mqHhap&eftvdkYiSm twdkaumuf
rsm; oHk;xm;cJhvQif Modify cvkwfudk click vkyfjyD; drop-
down pm&if;rS "Look in" udk ESdyf,lyg/ jyD;vQif folder
twGuf path tjynfhudk rSwfom;&rnf/ aemufqHk; dialog
boxes rsm;udk ydwfvkduf&onf/
File odYk omG ;um Open udE k ydS jf yD; template folder rsm;udk
nTefjyay;&rnf/ Drop-down pm&if;rS "Files of type" wGif
"Document templates" udk a&G;,l&um Normal .dot udk
139
 Word oifcef;pm




zGifhEkdifonf/ jyD;vQif rvdktyfonfh text rsm;udk delete vkyfjyD;
File rS Save odkYoGm;um ESdyf,lvkduf&onf/ xdkYaemuf File
rS Close udk ESdyfvkduf½Hkom&Sdonf/
rdrrd MumcP toH;k jyKavh&adS om document trsK;d tpm;wpfcpk D
twGuf template wpfck zefw;D jcif;
Annoyance
vkyfief;obm0t& letters yHkpH? report yHkpHESifh task
lists yHkpHuJhokdYaom tajccHyHkpHoHk;rsKd;ESifh document tajrmuf
tjrm;udk zefwD;vkyfudkifae&onf/ yHkpHwpfckwpfckjzifh
aqmif&Gufawmhrnfqdkonfh tMudrfwkdif; rdrdtvdk&SdaomyHkpH
twGuf jyifqifrIrsm;vkyf&if; tcsdefjzKef;ae&avh&Sdonf/
Fix
tqdkygyHkpHoHk;rsKd;vHk;twGuf template wpfckpD toifh
zefwD;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ File odkYoGm;í New udkac:um
Word 2003 jzpfygu "On my computer odkYr[kwf Word
XP jzpfygu "General templates" ay:odYk ESy d,
f v l u
dk &f onf/
Template dialog box ay:xGufvmap&eftwGufjzpfonf/
tu,fí Word 2000 jzpfygu file odYk omG ;í New udak c:jyD;
tvm;wl New dialog box udk cif;jyay;ygvdrfhrnf/
rdrdMudKufESpfouf&m tajccHyHkpHudk a&G;cs,f,lEkdifonf/
Oyrm tMurf;xnfrSpvdkvQif Blank Document a&G;yg/
odkYr[kwf letter tjzpf aqmif&Gufvdkygu letter template
wpfckudka&G;yg/ Template option udk a&G;cs,fjyD; OK
cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf½Hkom&Sdonf/ File rSwpfqifh Save odkY
oGm;um azmfjyxm;aom trnfwpfckudkjzifh template opf
wpfcu k kd ae&mcsxm;&efyifjzpfonf/ Default location wpfck
wGif rdr\d user template folder wpfcjk zifh odr;f qnf;xm;Ekid f
onf/
Document twGuf Layout vkyfjcif;? format csjcif;
jyKvkyfjyD; rdrdtvdk&Sdaom template yHkpHay:wGif tajcjyKum
text rsm;udk ½dkufoGif;&efom&Sdonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh customer
service twGuf? pmwpfapmiftwGuf template qdkygpdkY/
Customer \ vdyfpmrSwpfyg; wifjyawmif;qdkcsuftao;
pdwfrsm;ESifh jyefMum;csuf? odkYr[kwf ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk
tqkdyg document twGif; ½dkufoGif;&ayvdrfhrnf/
þae&mwGiftoHk;jyKrnfh styles rsm;ESifhywfoufí
tcef; (4) wGif tao;pdwf wifjyay;&ef &Sdygonf/
Boilerplate text twGuf Auto Text ESihf Auto Correct
wdkY jynfhpHkpGm zefwD;ay;&rnf/ Customer serves twGuf
140 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
jyKpk&ef pmESifhywfoufí qufvufvkyfaqmif&ef erlemrSm
pmydk'frsm;? 0gusrsm; rSefuefa&;twGuf Auto Correction
jznfhqnf;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ Auto Text odkYr[kwf Auto
Correct wkdYESifh ywfoufí tao;pdwfvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk
vnf; tcef; (3) wGif jrifawGY&rnfjzpfonf/
tm;vHk;½dkufoGif;jyD;ygu template tajymif;tvJjzifh
save vkyfum ydwfvkduf&efom&Sdonf/
Template wpfckay:wGif tajccHxm;aom document
wpfckudk zefwD;&ef Template odkYr[kwf New Dialog box
udk txufwGif azmfjyxm;cJhonfhtwkdif; zGifh,lyg/ rdrdtvdk&Sd
aom yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;udk a&G;cs,fjyD; OK cvkwfudk ESdyfay;jcif;
jzifh jyD;ajrmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
vuf&Sd document wpfckrS template wpfckudk zefwD;&ef
file rSwpfqifh Save As odkYoGm;um drop-down list wGif
&Sad eaom "Save as type" twGi;f rS Document Template
udk a&G;,lvdkuf&onf/ trnfukd xnfhoGif;azmfjyjyD; Save
cvkwfudk ESdyfvkduf&rnf/ (Document Template udk a&G;
cs,f,lvkdufaomtcg Word onf rdrd\ user template
folder udk tvdktavsmuf ajymif;ay;onf/) Template
ESifh document wdkif;wdkYonf file extension twGufrS
wpfyg; twlwlyif wpfxyfwnf;avmufeD;eD; &Sdaernf/
vuf&dS document wpfcak y:wiG f tajccHum document opf
wpfck zefw;D jcif;
Annoyance
rMumcPqdkovdk vuf&Sd document ay:wGif tajccH
um document opfwpfcu k kd zefw;D &ef vdt
k yfvmwwfonf/
odkYaomf ¤if;twGuf template rsm; zefwD;jcif;rSm xdkufxdkuf
wefwef r&Sday/ Document tajctaewpfckrS tjcm;tajc
taewpfckqDodkY ul;,ljyD; wpfcgwpf&H save vkyf,l&onf/
Fix
rnfonfh word version wGifrqdk document udk zGifh,l
vkyfukdifjyD; file rS Save As odkYoGm;um folder tm; trnf
wpfckckudkay;jyD; save vkyf,l&onf/
Word 2003 ESifh Word XP wdkYwGifrl vuf&Sd document
wpfcak y:wGif tajccHjyD; document opfwpfck zefw;D ,lEidk &f ef




tjcm;enf;vrf;udk yHhydk;ay;xm;onf/ Word 2003 jzpfygu
File rS New odYkomG ;um "From existing document" qdo k nfh
tcsufudk New Document task pane twGif;rS a&G;cs,fESdyf
ay;vkduf&onf/ Windows XP jzpfygu File rS New odkY
oGm;um "Choose document" ,lrnfhtcsufudk New
Document task pane rSwpfqifh a&G;cs,fESdyfay;,l&onf/
Existing Document dialog box rS New wGif rdrjd yKvkyr f nfh
document udak &G;jyD; Create New cvkwu f kd click vkyv
f u dk &f
onf/
Template wpfct k wGuf Preview wpfck save vky, f jl cif;
Annoyance
Templates dialog box twGif;rS template trsm;pk
onf ½kyyf rkH sm; Munf½h EI idk rf nfh preview yg&Sad vh&o
dS nf/ rdr\ d
custom template udk previews rsm; xyfxnfhvdkygonf/
Fix
Template udk zGi, hf yl g/ (File rSwpfqifh Open odYk omG ;í
aomfvnf;aumif;? right-click udk ESdyfjcif;jzifhaomfvnf;
aumif; template udk &,lEkdifygvdrfhrnf/) File ukda&G;?
Properties odYkomG ;jyD; Summary tab udk click vkyu f m "Save
previews picture" box rSm ppfaq;Munfhyg/ jyD;vQif OK
udk ESdyf,l&onf/ xdkYaemuf template udk save vkyfí ydwf
vdkuf½Hkom&Sdonf/
rdrd Default Templates Folder tjyifbufrS template wpfck
udk toH;k jyKjcif;
Annoyance
Templates dialog box onf default folder twGif;
ae&mcsxm;jcif;r&Sdonfh templates rsm;twGuf browse
vkyfcGifhrjyKay/
Fix
jyóemrSm word taejzifh rdrd\ templates rsm;
rnfonfhae&mwGif&Sdonfudk rodjcif;yifjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY
onf user templates folder ESifh workgroup templates
folder r[kwfaom tajctaersKd;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg folder
wpfckpDonf vdktyfvQif vdktyfovdk sub folders rsm;pGm
xm;&SdEkdifonf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
Word oifcef;pm

vuf wkYd t nTe;f
Templates dialog box udk Word 2000 wGif New dialog
box [kac:qdkxm;onf/ odkYaomf vkyfukdifaqmif&Guf yHkrSm
twlwlyifjzpfonf/
rdrd template rsm; rnfonfah e&mwGi&f adS eonfukd word
rS ajymay;&eftwGuf windows shortcuts rsm;udk toH;k jyKEkid f
onf/
- Templates New dialog box \ General tab qDodkY
template wpfckaygif;xnfh&eftwGuf rdrd\ user tem-
plates folder odkYr[kwf workgroup templates folder
twGif;rS template udk shortcut wpfck xnfhxm;ay;&
onf/
- Template/New dialog box twGif;rS tab topfwpfck
taejzifh ay:vmrnfh templates rsm;\ folder wpfckudk
xnfh&eftwGuf rdrd\ user templates folder odkYr[kwf
workgroup template folder wGi;f &Sd folder odYk shortcut
wpfckxnfhay;&onf/
Default aMumifh user templates folder onf rdrd\
user profile twGif; folder wpfckudk installation vkyfpOf
umvtwGif; csdefwG,fcsxm;&onf/ (Oyrm- %user
profile %\ Application Data\ Microsoft\Templates)
workgroup template folder rSmrl installation vkyfaepOf
umvtwG i f ; csd e f w G , f c sxm;ay;vd r f h r nf r[k w f a y/
(Scripted installation wpfckvkyfaepOfwGifrl &Ekdifygonf)
tu,fí rdrdwGif workgroup templates folder csxm;jyD;
om; r&SdcJhvQif folder wpfckck odkYr[kwf subfolder wpfckck
twGif; rdrd\ templates udk odrf;xm;Ekdifonf/
Tools rSwpfqifh Options odkYoGm; file location tab
udk click vkyu f m workgroup templates [lonfh taMumif;
t&may:wGif double-click vkyf,lyg/ xdkYaemuf Modify
Location dialogbox twGif;rS folder udk a&G;cs,fjyD; OK
cvkwfudk ESpfcsufqifhESdyfvkdufyg/ rddrd\ template onf
Templates/ New dialog box twGif; Figure 2.1 twkdif;
ay:xGufvmygvdrfhrnf/
tjcm;tcGifhtvrf;wpfckrSm template wpfckrS wkduf½dkuf
document wpfckudk zefwD;,ljcif;jzpfonf/ Windows
Explorer window av;udz k iG í
hf template udk double-click
vky, f yl g/ (Word template wpfct k wGuf windows MuD;wGif
141
 Word oifcef;pm




&Sdaeaom default action onf ¤if;tay:wGif tajcjyKjyD;
document topfwpfck zefwD;&eftwGufjzpfonf/ Tem-
plate udk zGifh&ef right-click udk ¤if;ay:wGifESdyfjyD; open udk
a&G;,l&onf/
Figure 2.1
Workgroup template folder jzpfonft h avsmuf
Templates/ New dialog box twGi;f template ay:vmaprI
twGuf jyKvyk &f ef rdr\
d template ygaom folder udk
owfrw
S af y;&onf/
rdr\d Template folders rsm;tm; tpDtpOfcsjcif;
Template/ New dialog box twGif;rS tabs twef;
ESpfwef;ay:wGif ae&mtuefYtowf&Sdaewwfonf/
odkYtwGuf rdrd\ template folders udk *½kwpdkuf
pDpOf,l&onf/ ¤if;udpötwGuf atmufygvrf;nTefrI
tcsKdUudk vkdufemoifhonf/
- trnfwlESifh multiple tabs rsm;&Sdaejcif;udk a&SmifuGif;
&ef user template folder ESifh workgroup template
folder wdkY tMum; trnfrdwåL ryGm;rdygapESifh/
- Template folder ta&twGufjzifh csxm;yg/
odkYtwGuf dialog box twGif; tm;vHk; tHusjzpfaeyg
vdrfhrnf/
- dialog box twGif; tab rsm; ydkíqHh&ef vdktyfvQif
folder tvkyfudk wdkwdkay;&rnf/ tu,fí trnf
twGuf rqHhvQif Templates/ New dialog box udk
toHk;csjyKjyifEkdifonf/ ¤if;yg&Sdaom template udk
access vkyf&ef xdk tab twGif; folder wpfckudk
double click vkyfEkdifonf/ (tqdkyg tqifhaMumifh
access vkyf&mwGif aES;auG;oGm;wwfonf/)
142 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
SAVING
taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;jzifh Document udk Save vky,
f jl cif;
Annoyance
pmykd'fwpfydk'frSwpfyg; document rS useft&mrsm;udk
z,fxkwfypfcJhonf/ odkYwkdif file onf tD;ar;vfydkYEkdifavmuf
atmif tajctaersKd; r&Sdao;bJ MuD;rm;aeqJjzpfonf/
Fix
File wpfckvHk; saving vkyfrnfhtpm; file udk tjyD;owf
ajymif;vJrItay:rlwnfjyD; Word \ fast -saving option
utvkyv f yk v
f u
dk jf cif;aMumifjh zpfonf/ odYk twGufdocument
\ trsm;pkudk z,fxkwfaomtcgwGif document tqHk;odkY
tao;pdwf y,fzsufrIudk word u aygif;xnfhvkdufonf/
odkYaomf document file wGif usefaeao;onf/ xkdodkY
vkyaf qmifjcif;onf ,cifu tajctaexufyif t&G,t f pm;
MuD;rm;oGm;aponf/ þudpo ö nf tjcm;wpfOD;OD;udk rQa0ay;
aomtcgwGif odkodkodyfodyfr&Sdaponfhtjyif tEÅ&m,fvnf;
rsm;apygonf/
aES;auG;aom uGefysLwmay:wGif MuD;rm;aom files ESifh
rvkyfudkifvifhupm; jrefjrefqefqef save vkyfí r&onfh
tajctaersKd;jzpfwwfonf/
Word rS omref save wpfcktaejzifhom vkyfaqmifay;
onf/ ¤if;udk full save [kac:onf/ Fast save 15 Mudrf
jynfhwkdif; odkYr[kwf rdrdtaejzifh document udk tMudrfMudrf
tzefzef save vkyfonfhtcgrsKd;wGif vkyfukdifavh&Sdonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap rdrdjyKvkyfxm;onfh data omvQif yg&Sd
document [kwfr[kwf aocsm&ef vkyfaqmifonfhtcgwGif
tm;xm;&vdrfhrnfr[kwfay/
vuf wkYd t nTe;f
full-saved vkyxf m;onfh file wpfcw
k iG f characters rsm;\
trSefwu,f order udk file wGif odrf;qnf;xm;jcif;onf
document tuGif;tuGuforder ESifh twlwljzpfaponf/
fast-saved file wpfckwGifrl order rSm rwlnDawmhay/
odkYtwGuf full-saved files rsm;xuf fast-saved files
rsm;u ysufpD;&ef tcGifhtvrf;ydkrsm;onf/ Fast saving
vkyfief;udk local drives ay:wGif vkyfudkifjyD; network
drives ay:wGif rvkyfudkifay/




How Word Creates The Backup Copy
Options dialog box \ Save tab ay:wGif Always
create backup copy udk check vkyf,ljcif;onf rdrd
vkyfukdifxm;aom document \ rdwåLul;xm;csuf
wpfcktjzpf tjrJ&Sdae&ef taotcsmjzpfaponf/
xdk backup onf document \ save version jyD;aemuf
xGufay:vmonfh rdwåLwpfck jzpfaeaponf/ odkYtwGuf
file vuf&Sd saved version twkdif; xyfrvdktyfawmhay/
rdrdtaejzifh xyfwlxyfrQ backup copy jyKvkyfEkdifjcif;
r&Sday/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh Ctrl + S udk ESpfMudrf ESdyf,ljcif;
rsKd;udk qdkvdkonf/) taMumif;rSm Word onf ¤if;onf
dirty jzpfaomtcgwGifom document udk save
vkyfygvdrfhrnf/ dirty onf unsaved changer rsm;
ygaeonf/ yxrtMudrf save vkyfjyD;aemuf document
udk rajymif;vJrDtcsdeftxd oefYpifjyD; jzpfae&rnf/ rdrd
document udk saving vkyfaqmifaeqJrSmyif vuf&Sd
version ESifh teD;pyfqHk; backup copies rsm;
xdef;xm;Ekdifonf/ (tao;pdwfudk tcef;( 8)wGif
azmfjyay;ygrnf/)
Document wpfckudk Word Save vkyfaomtcg fast
saving udk ay;xm;í Word taejzifh vuf&Sd document
udk ,m,D file taejzifhom odrf;xm;ay;onf/ Save
Fast saving udk ajymif;&eftwGuf Tools rS Options
odkYoGm;jyD; Save tab udkESdyfyg/ jyD;vQif Allows fast save
qdkonfhtcsufukd uncheck vkyfvkdufyg/ Save tab ay:wGif
&SdaepOf tjcm; save option tcsKdUudk jyKjyifjyifqifrIrsm;
aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/
- Always create backup copy [lonfhtcsufudk check
vkyf,lyg/ odkYrSom jyD;cJhonfh document \ save version
wGif yg0ifonfh backup copy udk work rS odrf;xm;ay;rnf
jzpfonf/ (tao;pdwf azmfjycsufukd "How Word Creates
the Backup Copy" wGif jrifawGYEkdifonf/)
- rdrdtaejzifh check vkyfjcif;jzifh word udk background
save vkyfrnfavm? odkYr[kwf Allow background save
box rS uncheck vkyfjcif;jzifh word udk ckdif;aprnfavmqdk
onfu h pd u
ö kd ud,
k w
f idk o
f wfrw
S af y;&onf/ Allowing back-
ground saves onf Save command wpfckudk xkwfay;jyD;
aemuf ykdí jrefqefpGm tvkyfudkcsKHUí vkyfudkifay;Ekdifonf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f
Word oifcef;pm

vkyfief;pOf jyD;qHk;oGm;aomtcg Word onf file \
vwfwavm jyD;pD;cJhonfh save version tm; delete
aomfvnf;aumif;? trnfopfay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;
aqmif&Gufvm&onf/ Word onf save operation
vkyfudkifaecsdeftwGif; file tm; twwfEkdifqHk; xdyg;
ajymif;vJrIr&Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufay;onf/
xdyg;ajymif;vJrIqdk&mü MuD;MuD;rm;rm; aysmufqHk;rIrsKd;&SdEkdif
ouJhodkY vHk;0ysufpD;oGm;jcif;vnf; jzpfEkdifavmufonf/
Checkbox wGif "Always create backup copy" udk
check vkyfay;cJhvQif Word onf jyD;cJhaom file \ save
version tm; y,fzsufjcif;xuf trnfajymif;jcif;udkom
a&S;½Ivkyfaqmifygvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí document onf
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 149

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150 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f


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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckEpS f 167
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
JAVA DEVELOPER GUIDE
Chapter (4)
4.1 CREATE A NEW TOOLBAR WITH JAVA LANGUAGE
Toolbar wpfckudk zefwD;r,f qkdMuygpdkY/ JToolbar_
Class [m Swing Package xJrmS yg0ifNyD;om;yg/ JToolbar_
Class [m tkyfpkzGJUxm;wJh serval components awGudk row
(or) column taeeJY zefwD;Ekdifygw,f/ trsm;tm;jzifhawmh
Toolbar awGukd zefw;D &mrSm JButton awGukd tkypf zk UJG NyD;awmh
toHk;csavh &Sdygw,f/ Toolbar vdkYqkd&mrSm pmzwfol[m
omref user wpfa,mufyJ jzpfaeOD;awmh toHk;cszl;NyD;om;yJ
jzpfrmS yg/ Oyrm- Microsoft Word, Netscape Navigator,
or Lotus Wordpro tp&SdwmawGrSm toolbar awG[m yg0if
NyD;om;yg/ 'DaeYacwf omref user wpfa,muftzdkYrSmawmif
Toolbar awGudk Family jzpfNyD;om;yg/ Microsoft Word,
Microsoft Excel rSmyJ avhvmMunfhav/ Pull-Down
Menu uae usvmr,fh command qDudk oGm;r,fhtpm;
alternative shortcut awGyJ toHk;jyKrvm;? 'grSr[kwf
Toolbar ay:u shortcut button awGudkyJ toHk;jyKrvm;
pojzifh tvG,fwul toHk;0ifatmif user interface taeeJY
zefwD;xm;vdkY &ygw,f/
Toolbars awGudk zefwD;&mrSm default tm;jzifhawmh
Horizontal_Toolbar_Type taeeJYyJ zefwD;Muygw,f/
'gayr,fh vuf&SdemrnfBuD; Application Software awGrSm
vnf; vertical type toolbar awGvnf; awGUjrif&ygvdrrfh ,f/
'g[m jyóemr&Sdygbl;/ vkdcsifwJh type udk &&SdEkdifzdkY Hori-
zontal or Veritcal Class variables awG[m JToolbar Class
&JU Swing Constants interface xJrSm yg0ifNyD;om;yg/
JToolbar Class xJrmS yg0ifwhJ constructor methods awGukd
avhvmMunhf&atmif/
• JToolBar ( ) - Creates a new toolbar
168 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
• JToolBar (int) - Creates a new toolbar with the
specified orientation
uJ 'D construction method awGudk avhvmMunhfr,f
qkd&if JToolbar Class xJrSm yg0ifwJh construction funct-
ion awG[m overloading yHkpHeJY a&;om;xm;wmudk awGU&rSm
yg/
Note : Overloading method taMumif; yg0ifvmvdkY ½Iyf
axG;roGm;ygeJY/ C & C++ e,fy,fu programmer
awGuawmh over loading &JUoabmw&m;udk oabm
aygufrSmyg/ tvG,fajym&&if function ( )_Name
awG wlnDNyD;awmh parameter arguments type awG
uJjG ym;jcm;em;wmudk tajcjyKNyD;awmh wGucf sutf oH;k cs
&mrSm oufqkdif&m Function ( )uyJ 0ifa&muftvkyf
vkyfwmvdkYyJ tvG,frSwf,lxm;yg/ trSefwu,fu
awmh overloading &JU oabmw&m;u 'Dx h uf trsm;
BuD; us,fjyefYygw,f/
NyD;cJw
h hJ chapter (1) & Chapter (2) rSm avhvmMunhyf g/
tJ'D Toolbar awGay:rSm Components awGukd xnho f iG ;f csif
w,fqkd&ifawmh a&SUoifcef;pmawGrSm toHk;cscJhwJh add (Ob-
ject) method udk toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/ Program trsm;pkrSm
zefwD;xm;wJh Toolbar awGudk tvG,fwul move vkyfvkdY
&ygw,f/ tJ'v D kd move vky&f mrSm tvG,w
f ul a&TUajymif;Ekid f
wmudk dockable toolbars vdkY ac:a0:ygw,f/ Swing
Package udk toHk;jyKNyD; zefwD;xm;wJh Toolbar awG[m
dockable toolbars awGygyJ/ 'gaMumifh
•Swing toolbars can also be docked into a new
window, separate from the original.
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
vdkY a&;om;xm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh pdwfwdkif;us Best 20. JTextArea. edit = new JTextArea (8,40);
Results udk &csifw,fqkd&ifawmh JToolbar udk zefwD;&mrSm 21. JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane (edit);
22. JPanel pane = new JPanel ( );
dockable JTool-bar jzpfatmif container class xJrmS yg0if 23. Borderlayout (bord) = new BorderLayout( );
wJh border-layout manager udktoHk;jyKNyD;awmh arranged 24. Pane.setlayout (bord);
vkyf&rSmygyJ/ 'Dtcsufudk rSwfxm;aemf/ bmvdkYvJqkdawmh 25. Pane. add ("North", bar);
25. Pane. add ("enter", scroll);
Border-layout eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh oifcef;pmudk oifMum; 27.
ykdYcsay;jcif; r&Sdao;ygbl;/ tckoifcef;pm chapter (4) &JU 28. SetContentPane (pane);
sub-index taeeJY borderlayout eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh 29. }// Close brace of the constructor function ( )
30.
oifMum;ydYk csay;ygr,f/ Borderlayout taeeJY zefw;D toH;k cs 31. Public static void main (String [ ] arguments) {
r,fqkd&if container udk divides into five areas vkyfvkdY&yg 32. ToolBar frame = new ToolBar ( );
w,f/ Oyrm- north, south, east, west, center tp&Sdojzifh 33. Frame. pack ( ) ;
34. Frame. setvisible (true);
aygh/ zefwD;&,lvkdY &ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY zefwD;xm;wJh 35. } // close barce fn main function
JToolbar awGudk Borderlayout &JU directional areas 36. }
wpfckckrSm xm;udk xm;&rSmygyJ/ 'Dawmh Borderlayout eJY ToolBar. Java qkdwJh Program [m code _line (36)
ywfoufwhJ tcsut f vufawGukd a&SUvmr,fh chapter index aMumif; yg0ifwJh program i,fav;ygyJ/ Notepad xJrSm
rSmyJ qufvuf avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ a&;om;&mrSmawmh line No: awG xnhfoGif;a&;om;p&m
uJ 'Dawmh Toolbar eJY ywfoufwhJ tcsuftvufawGukd rvkdygbl;/ uJ 'D program udk Analysis vkyfNyD;awmh avh
avhvmNyD;oGm;NyDq&dk ifawmh dockable toolbar wpfcyk g0ifwhJ vmMu&atmifvm;/
Program i,fav;wpfckudk zefwD; wnfaqmufMunhfMu& Analysis
atmif/ Listing 4.1 taeeJY a&;om;xm;wJh The Full Text 1/ java. awt.*; java.awt, event.*; java, swing.*; qdkwJh
of ToolBar. java qkw d hJ Program udk t&ifq;kH avhvmvduk f package file (3) ckudk import vkyfNyD; ac:,lxm;yg
Mu&atmifvm;/ uJ avhvmMuygpkdY/ w,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (1) (2) (3) rSm Declare vkyfxm;wm
Listing 4.1 The Full of ToolBar . java udk awGU&rSmyg/ vkdif;eHygwf (5)rSmawmh JFrame Class
1. import java. awt. *; udk extends vkyfNyD;awmh ToolBar qdkwJh primary class
2. import java . awt. event, * ;
3. import javax. swing. *;
udk a&;om;ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (7) rSmawmh ToolBar
4. class &JU constructor function ( ) udk a&;om;ygw,f/
5. public class Toolbar extends Jframe{ tJ'Dh constructor function xJrSmrS super ( ) method
6.
7. public class ToolBar( ) { // constructor function
udk toHk;csNyD;awmh JFrame. windows &JU title_bar
() text udk a&;om;ay;ygw,f/ " " Double quote ESpfck
8. super ("Testing the JAVA ToolBar"); Mum;rSm a&;om;xm;wJh pmom;udk awGU&rSmyg/ vdkif;
9. set Default Close Operation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_
CLOSE);
eHygwf (9)rSmawmh SetDefault Close Operation ( )
10. ImageIcon images1 = new ImageIcon ("button method udk toHk;csNyD;awmh
1.gif"); SetDefault Close Operation (JFrame. EXIT_ON_
11. J Button button 1 = new JButton (image1);
CLOSE);
12. ImageIcon image 2 = new ImageIcon ("button
2.gif"); qkdNyD;awmh a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m JFrame Win-
13. JButton button 2 = new JButton (image 2); dows udk exit vkyfEkdifzdkYtwGuf xnhfoGif; a&;om;xm;
14. ImageIcon image 3 = new ImageIcon("button3.
gif");
wmygyJ/ ta&SU chapter (3) &JU standard dialog box
15. JButton button 3 = new JButton (image3); oifcef;pmawGrmS 'D code line udk toH;k rjyKbeJ YJ program
16. JToolBar bar = new JToolBar ( ); awG a&;jyzl;ygw,f/ jyefveS f avhvmMunhyf g/ Compile
17. bar. add (button 1);
18. bar. add (button 2);
vkyfaewm Run aewmudkyg &yfypfvdkufrSomvQif
19. bar. add (button 3); program_exit jzpfoGm;rSmyg/

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 169

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Note : tu,fí pmzwfol[m txufyg code_line udk
toHk;rjyKcsifvQif [SetDefault Close Operation
( ) method udk roHk;csifvQif] atmufyg command
code-line udk ajymif;vJ toHk;jyKMunhfygvm;/
System. exit (0);
'g[m javax. swing. JWindow; package udk ac:,l
toHk;csNyD;awmh Java command_line windows
wpfck zefw;D r,fq&dk ifawmh tusK;H 0ifygvdrrfh ,f/ tJ'D
tydik ;f eJYywfoufNyD; 4.6 Developing a FrameWork
qkdNyD;rS ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/
2/ tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (10)rSm ImageIcon ( ) method
udk ac:,lNyD; button. gif qkdwJh Image file eJY wGJzufNyD;
toHk;csxm;ygw,f/
Note : 'D program rSm button 1. gif/ button2. gif/
button3. gif qkdwJh Image file awG[m wu,f
r&Syd gbl;/ C:\ j2sdk1.4.1_01\Bin qkw d hJ folder xJrmS
bmyHkrQ xnhfoGif;rxm;wJhtwGuf Program Run
vkyfwJhtcgrSm ToolBar ay:rSm bmyHkrQ xGufvmrSm
r[kwyf gbl;/ pmzwfov l cdk sifwhJ Icon Image awGukd
.gif Type ajymif;jyD;awmh C:\ j2sdk 1.4.1_01\Bin
atmufrSm oGm;xm;NyD;awmh program code_Line
awG a&;&mrSm Image File_Name udk xnhfa&;&yg
r,f/ File_ type ajymif;enf;udkvnf; NyD;cJhwJh ta&SU
oifcef;pmrSm oifMum; ydkYcsay;NyD;om;yg/ 'gaMumifh
tvG,fwul rdrdESpfoufwmudk xnhfoGif; zefwD;Ekdif
MurSmygyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh b,f Icon yHu k rkd Q xnhf
oGif;xm; jcif;r&Sdygbl;/ vdkif;eHygwf (11)rSmuawmh
JButton ( ) method udk toHk;csNyD;awmh Button
wpfckudk zefwD;ygw,f/ tJ'D Button rSm yg0if&r,fh
IconImage uawmh tay:rS m zef w D ; &,l c J h w J h
ImageIcon ( ) method xJu Image ygyJ/ 'Denf;
vrf;twkid ;f vkid ;f eHygwf (12)uae (15)txd zefw;D
NyD;awmh IconImage u (3)ck &,f? Button uvnf;
(3)ck &,fudk zefwD;ygw,f/
3/ vdkif;eHygwf (16)rSmawmh JToolBar Class udk Object
_Name bar qkdwJh trnfay;NyD;awmh ac:,l toHk;csyg
w,f/ tJ'Dh JTool-Bar xJrSmrS tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh
button1/ button2/ button3 qkdwJh JButton (3)ckudk
ac:,l xnfhoGif;ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm JButton awGudk
170 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
ac:,l&if ImageIcon awGukdyg ac:,ljyD;om; jzpfoGm;
jyDayghaemf/ 'gaMumifh
bar.add (button 1);
bar.add (button2);
bar.add (button3); vdkYa&;om;xm;wmygyJ/ vkdif;
eHygwf (20)rSmawmh JText-Area Class udk object name
edit vdkY trnfay;NyD;awmh zefwD;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
JTextArea edit = new JTextArea (8,40);
vdkY a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ JTextArea ( ) &JU arguments
rSm yg0ifwmuawmh pmvHk;a& (40)qHhwJh pmaMumif; (8)
aMumif;vkdY limit vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ [kwfNyDaemf/ vkdif;
eHygwf (2)rSmuawmh JScroll Pane Class udk toH;k csNyD;
awmh JTextArea [Object_Name_ Edit] ay:rSm owf
rSwx f m;wJh arugments xufausmv f m&if Scrolling vkyf
Ekid zf Ykd [Scroll Bar awG yg0ifvmzdYk] a&;om; xnho f iG ;f ay;
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; JPane1 Class udkyg ac:,l
toH;k csxm;wmudk vkid ;f eHygwf (22) rSm awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/
tJ'DhaemufrSm JToolBar udk wyfqifzdkYtwGuf Border-
Layout udak c:,lNyD;awmh toH;k csygw,f/ 'Dtcsue f YJ ywf
oufwmudkawmh tay:rSm &Sif;jycJhNyD;om;yg/ tJ'Dhaemuf
Pane.setLayout (bord):qkdNyD;awmh JPanel Class
udk rSND yD;awmh BorderLayout udk wyfqifygw,f/ 'Dawmh
JToolBar udkyg yg0ifvmapygNyD/ 'gaMumifh
pane.add ("North.", bar);
pane.add ("Center", scroll); vdkY a&;om;xm;wm
aygh/ NyD;awmh vkid ;f eHygwf (28) rSmawmh tay:u calling
vkyfxm;wJh object awG tukefyg0ifEkdifapzdkYtwGuf
SetContentPane (pane);
qkdNyD;rS ac:,l a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (29)
uawmh Constructor Function ToolBar ( ) &JU Close
brace ygyJ/ tJ'Dhaemuf blank_line_space csefxm;yg
w,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (31) rSmawmh main ( ) function udk
a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ Main ( ) Function xJrSmawmh
tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh ToolBar Class udk Frame vdkY
Object_Name ay;NyD; ac:,l toHk;csygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
constructor. function ( ) [m tvkdvdk 0ifa&mufvmyg
NyD/ tJ'DxJu calling method ( ) awGtm;vHk; yg0if
vmatmif&,f pack ( ) method aMumifh bmawGjzpfvm
ovJqkd&if Sets its size to the prefered size of its
components vdkYajym&&ifvnf;jzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh
object udk visible jzpfatmif

Frame.setVisible (tsuo);
vdkY a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf main ( )
function &JU class brace} udk vdkif;eHygwf (35)rSm a&;
om;xm;ygw,f/ ToolBar Class &JU close brace}
udkawmh vkdif;eHygwf (36)rSm vmydwfxm;ygw,f/ ao
aocsmcsm zwf½INyD;awmh avhvmMunhfyg/ 'gqkd&ifawmh
ToolBar wpfck zefw;D &,lwhJ enf;vrf;udk oabmayguf
oGm;rSmyg/ uJ code_line awGudk em;vnfoabmayguf
oGm;&ifawmh 'D code_line awGudk NotePad xJrSm
oGm;a&mufNyD;awmh a&;om;Mu&atmifvm;/ Code_
Line awG a&;om;xm;yHkudk Figure 4.1 taeeJY azmfjy
ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/
Figure 4.1 Write the program code_line in the
NotePad
uJ tay:u Figure 4.1 twkdif; code line awGudk a&;
om;NyD;oGm;&if C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\ bin xJudk oGm;NyD; save
vkyfyg/ Save vkyf&r,fh File name uawmh toolbar. java
vdkY trnfay;&ygr,f/ uJ NyD;&ifawmh Command Line
Windows (DOS) udk zGifhNyD;awmh atmufyg command eJY
Directory path udk ajymif;yg/
cd C:\ j2sdk 1.4.1_01 \ bin ↵
NyD;&ifawmh atmufyg command eJY compile vkyfyg/ Error
&Sd&ifawmh code_line udk jyefjyif&rSmygyJ/
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
javac.ToolBar.java ↵
error udk awGU&vdkY code line jyefjyifNyD;&if notepad xJu
Toolbar . java qkw
d hJ file udk jyefNyD;awmh save as vkyaf y;&yg
r,f/ tu,fí compile error r&Scd &hJ ifawmh atmufyg com-
mand line eJY run vkyfvkdufyg/
java Toolbar ↵
tJ'Dtcgus&ifawmh uRefawmfwkdY a&;om;xm;wJh Tool-
Bar.java qkdwJh program [m run vkyfNyD;awmh computer
screen ay:rSm vmNyD; azmfjyay;vmrSmygyJ/ Compile & Run
vkyfyHkudk Figure 4.2 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/
avhvmMunhfyg/
Figure 4.2 Compile & Run of the ToolBar.java
uJ Compile & Run vkyfyHkudk avhvmNyD;awmh Figure
4.3 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh program run aeyHu k akd vhvmMunhyf gOD;/
JButton awG a y:rS m awmh IconImage awG yg0if r S m
r[kwfbl; aemf/ pmzwfolxnhfoGif;csifwJh IconImage udk
.GIF File_type ajymif;NyD;awmh C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\ bin xJrmS
xm;NyD;awmh ac:,l xnhfoGif;vkdY&ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/
Figure 4.3 Run the program, ToolBar.java
uJ Java Language eJY ToolBar awGudk zefwD;wwf
oGm;NyDqadk wmh qufE,
T af ewJh Borderlayout awGtaMumif;udk
avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ 4.2 Using the Basic Interface
Layout qkdNyD;rS a&;om; ykdYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhf
vkdufygOD;/
171
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

4.2 USING THE BASIC INTERFACE LAYOUT

tckvuf&dS oifMum;ydYk csay;aewJh Chapter (4) &JU acgif; avhvmvkdufygOD;/

pOfrSmukdu Arranging Components on a User Interface Sample - public class starter extends javax. swing.
Jframe{
vdkY trnfay;xm;w,faemf/ tckvuf&Sd Layout Manager
Public starter ( ) {
udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh User Interface tydkif;udk pdwfMudKuf
Container pane = get content pane ( ) ;
zefwD;&,lEkdifygw,f/ uJ 'Dawmh Basic Layout Manager Flowlayout Lm= new flowlayout ( );
eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunhfMu&atmif/ pane.setlayout (Lm);
// add component here
À Laying Out an interface set contentPane (pane);
uRefawmfwkdY Swing components &JU tpdwftydkif; }
}
wpfckckudk toHk;jyKr,fqkd&if wpfenf;ajym&&if container
tay:u a&;jycJw h hJ sample code_line rSm // add com-
classes &JU tpdwftydkif;wpfckckudk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&if
ponent here ae&mrSm components awGukd xyfrjH znho f iG ;f vkYd
tJ'D components awGukd arranged vkyEf idk zf Ykd twGuf layout
&Ekdifygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh layout manager udk
manager uae determine vkyfygw,f/ Oyrm- NyD;cJhwJh
jznhfoGif; toHk;csNyD;oGm;NyDav/ 'Dawmh components awGudk
chapter index 4.1 u ToolBar.java program udk avhvm
add vkyfwmudk container class uae tvG,fwul vufcH
Munhfyg/ [kwfNyDaemf/
Ekid yf gvdrrfh ,f/ 'gudk oabmaygufatmif tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh
Layout manager class udk toHk;csr,fqkd&ifawmh
&Sif;jywmygyJ/
uRefawmfwkdY[m Flow Layout Class udk default tm;jzifh
toH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m Flowlayout wpfcwk nf;eJYyJ ywfouf
À Flow Layout
wmudk ajymwmaemf/ usefwJh Layout manager awGeJY rouf
Flow layout calss [m layout manager xJrSm t½dk;
qkdifao;ygbl;/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh Java Language rSm
&Sif;qHk; class wpfckygyJ/ 'D flow layout manager eJY ywf
yg0ifwJh container class xJrSm-
oufNyD;awmh &Sif;jy&r,fqkd&if components awGudk left
Flowlayout, Gridlayout, Borderlayout,
to right tvdkuf pDpOfzefwD;ay;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm ajymp&m
Cardlayout and GridBaglayout
&Sdwmuawmh tu,fí owfrSwfxm;aom JFrame Area
qkNd yD;rS uGjJ ym;aewmawGukd index oifcef;pmtvku d f awGUjrif
u qHk;oGm;NyDqkd&ifawmh aemuf Row wpfckudk pDpOfNyD;awmh
&ygvdrhfr,f/ wu,fvkdY method ( ) wpfcu k kd ac:,l toH;k cs
ñSd,lay;xm;rSmyg/
r,fqkd&if oufqkdif&m class &JU constructor method udk
Flow Layout ukd oHk;r,fqkd&if flowlayout class udk
ac:,lvkduf½HkygyJ/ Oyrm-
Flowlayout Flo = new flowlayout ( ) ;
ac:oHk;&rSmyg/ tJ'DtcgrSm flowlayout ( ) constructor
method udk ac:oHk;&rSmyg/ wu,fvdkY flowlayout ( ) con-
vdYk a&;om;NyD;awmh ac:,ltoH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ tu,fí layout
structor rSm arguments rxnhb f ;l qk&d ifawmh xnho
f iG ;f xm;
manager udk create vkyfNyDqkdwmeJY tJ'Dh container class
xJrSm yg0ifwJh - wJh components awG[m JFrame &JU tv,frSm vmay:ay;
Setlayout ( ) method udy
k g xnho f iG ;f toH;k cs&awmhrmS aerSmyg/ wu,fvdkY pmzwfol[m xnhfoGif;xm;wJh com-
ponents awGudk aligned along the left or right edge
ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh pmzwfol[m layout manager awGudk pro-
gram a&;pOfrSm rxnhfoGif;cJh&ifvnf; default tm;jzifh
taeeJY pDpOfr,fqkd&if
FlowLayout.LEFT or FlowLayout.RIGHT
atmufygtwkdif; owfrSwfay;vdkY &ygw,f/
qkdNyD; FlowLayout ( ) constructor method &JU argument
- Flowlayout for panels
- Borderlayout for frames and windows
ae&mrSm xnhfoGif; a&;om;&rSmyg/ 'gayr,fh FlowLayout
( ) constructor rSm arguments taeeJY wpfckyJ vufcHwm
uJ 'Dawmh layout manager eJY setlayout ( ) method udk
toHk;csr,fqkd&if t&ifqHk; atmufyg code_line av;udk aemf/ uJ OyrmtaeeJY atmufygtwkid ;f a&;MunhMf u&atmif/

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
FlowLayout righty = new Flowlayout 24. pane . add (d);
(Flowlayout.Right); 25. pane. add (e);
26. pane. add (f);
'gqkd&ifawmh xnhfoGif;xm;wJh component udk flow- 27. setcontent pane (pane);
layout [m nmbuftjcrf;rSm oGm;NyD;awmh pDpOfay;rSmygyJ/ 28. setVisible (true);
wu,fvkdY 29. }
FlowLayout right = new FlowLayout 30. public static void main (string [ ] arguments){
(FlowLayout.Center); 31. JFrame. Frame = new Alphabet ( );
vdkY a&;vkduf&if components awGudk JFrams &JU tv,frSm 32. Frame. show ( ) ;
33. }
vmNyD;awmh pDpOfay;rSmygyJ/ 34. }
uJ 'Dawmh FlowLayout eJY ywfoufwhJ program wpfck
udk Listing 4.2 taeeJY a&;om;ydYk csay;xm;ygw,f/ JButton Analysis
(6) ckudk zefwD;NyD;awmh Flow Layout manager taeeJY 1/ t&if q H k ; java.awt.*; java.awt.event.*; java.
xde;f csKyfrmS ygyJ/ Flowlayout ( ) constructor method xJrmS swing.*; qkdwJh package file (3) ckudk program &JU
FlowLayout.LEFT qkw d hJ arguments udk xnfo
h iG ;f a&;om; tay:bufrSm import & declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/
xm;wJt h wGuf xnho f iG ;f xm;wJh JButton components awG NyD;awmh JFrame Class udk extends vkyfNyD;awmh
udk lined up twkdif; left side of the JFrame windows u Alphabet qkdwJh primary class udk zefwD; a&;om;yg
ae pDpOfNyD;awmh zefwD;ay;ygvdrhfr,f/ owfrSwfxm;wJh w,f/ tJ'D primary class xJrSm JButton ( ) con-
JFrame &JU t&G,ftpm; width twkdif; jynhfoGm;&if aemuf structure method udk trSDjyKNyD;awmh Button (6) ckudk
lined up twkdif; pDpOfay;ygvdrhfr,f/ aoaocsmcsm avhvm zefwD;ygw,f/ JButton class &JU Object_Name awG
Munhfyg/ udk a to f vdkY toD;oD;ay;xm;ygw,f/ JButton ( )
constructor &JU parameter arguments rSm a&;om;
Listing 4.2 Demonstrate the flow layout method xm;wJh pmom;awGuawmh Button toD;oD;rSm yg0if
1. import java. awt. * ; &r,fh pmom;awGygyJ/ 'gawG[m primary_class Al-
2. import java. awt. event. *; phabet xJrSm a&;om;xm;wmaemf/ tJ'gudk owdxm;
3. import javax. swing. *; vkdufygOD;/ vkdif;eHygwf (13) rSmawmh Alphabet class
4. &JU constructor function udk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D
5. class Alphabet extends JFrame {
constructor function xJrSm super ( ) method udk
6. JButton a = new JButton ("Alibi");
7. JButton b = new JButton ("Burglar");
toHk;csNyD; a&;om;xm;wmuawmh Frame Windows
8. JButton c = new JButton ("Corpse"); &JU Tittle Bar rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;udk a&;om;xm;yg
9. JButton d = new JButton ("Deadbeat"); w,f/ Frame Windows &JU t&G,ftpm; Width&
10. JButton e = new JButton ("Evidence"); Height udkawmh
11. JButton f = new JButton ("Fugitive")'
12. SetSize (360, 120); // width and Height of Frame
13. Alphabet ( ) { // constructor function qkdNyD;rS a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ Frame windows udk
14. Super ("Alphabet"); Close & Exit vkyEf idk af tmiftwGuu
f awmh-
15. Setsize (360, 120);
16. SetDefault Close Operation (JFrame. Exit . on . SetDefault Close Operation ( JFrame. EXIT_ON_
Close); CLOSE);
17. vkdY a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf (18)rSm
18. JPanel. pane = new JPanel ( );
JPanel class udk Object_Name pane vdkY emrnfay;
19. Flowlayout Lm = new Flowlayout (Flowlayout.
LEFT); xm;NyD;awmh ac:,lxm;vdkufygNyD/ NyD;awmh Flow-
20. pane. setflayout (Lm); Layout Class udvk nf; Object_Name Lm vdYk trnf
21. pane. add (a);
22. pane . add (b);
ay;NyD; ac:,lvdkufygw,f/ FlowLayout( ) &JU para-
23. pane. add (c); meter arguments ae&mrSmawmh tay:rSm &Sif;jycJhwJh

uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf 173

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
twdkif; Frame Windows &JU b,fbufuae pwif
ay:vmatmif FlowLayout.LEFT vdkY xnhfoGif; a&;
om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsufudk aoaocsmcsm avhvm
Munfhyg/ jyefa&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/

FlowLayout Lm = new FlowLayout

(FlowLayout.LEFT);

2/ JPanel class xJu setlayout ( ) method udk ac:,l

toHk;csEkdifzkdYtwGuf object name eJY ,SOfwGJNyD;awmh
ac:,l toHk;csygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
Pane.SetLayout (Lm);
vdkY awGUjrif&rSmyg/ tJ'Daemuf tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh
JButton awGudk JPanel Class xJu add ( ) method
udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh ac:,lygw,f/

Note : SetLayout ( ) method eJY add ( ) method awG[m

JPanel class xJrSm yg0ifwmawGygyJ/ tJ'Daemuf
vkid ;f eHygwf (27) (28)rSm a&;om;xm;wJh SetLayout
Pane ( ) method &,f? SetVisible ( ) method &,fudk
awmh &Sif;jyp&m rvkdawmhygbl;/
3/ vkdif;eHygwf (30)rSm main ( ) function udk a&;om;ay;
xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D main ( ) function xJrSmrS tay:rSm
zefwD;cJhwJh Alphabet class udk ac:,lvdkufwmygyJ/
tJ'Daemuf JFrame windows udk show ( ) vkycf ikd ;f wm
ygyJ/ 'DtcgrS Button (6) ck yg0ifwJh Alphabet qkdwJh
[FlowLayout method udk toHk;csxm;wJh] program
i,fav;[m vmNyD;awmh run aerSmygyJ/ FlowLayout
udk toHk;cswJhtwGuf swing components awGudk
toHk;cs&mrSm t&ifvkd x, y coordinate rsOf;vkdif;ae&m
awGudk xnfhoGif;ay;p&mrvkdawmhygbl;/ 'Dtcsuf[m
tckvuf&Sd avhvmaewJh program wpfckvHk;&JU t"du
tcsuftvufygyJ/
uJ listing 4.2 u program ukd oabmaygufoGm;&if
awmh Notepad xJrmS oGm;NyD;awmh code_line awGukd a&;om;
Mu&atmifvm;/ File_Name udkawmh Alphabet.java vdkY
trnfay;yg/ tJ'v D dk code_line awGukd a&;om;NyD;awmh save
vkyfxm;yHkudk Figure 4.4 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
avhvmMunfhyg/
Figure 4.4 Write the Program code line in the
Notepad, the Alphabet. java program
uJ Notepad xJrSm txufrSmazmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; oGm;
a&mufNyD;awmh code_line awG a&;om;NyD;awmh save vkyyf g/
File name uawmh Alphabet.java aemf/ NyD;&if compile &
run vkyfzdkYtwGuf command line windows (DOS) xJudk
oGm; yg/ NyD;&ifawmh atmufyg command line eJY directory
path udk ajymif;vdkufyg/
cd c:\ j2sdk 1.4.1_01\ bin
'gqk d & if a wmh DOS windows xJ u prompt
oauFw[m c:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin2 > vdkY ay:aerSmygyJ/
tJ'DtcgrSmawmh atmufyg commd line eJY Alphabet.java
program udk compile vkyfvdkufyg/
javac Alphabet.java ↵
tu,fí error r&SdcJhbl;qdk&ifawmh atmufyg command eJY
run vkyfyg/
java Alphabet ↵
'gqkd&ifawmh Alphabet . java program [m run aerSmyg/
Compile & Run vkyyfu
kH kd Figure 4.5 taeeJY a&;om;NyD;awmh
azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

174 uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf


Figure 4.5 Complie & Run of the Alphabet.java
in the command prompt
Figure 4.5 uawmh DOS Windows/Command line
Interface xJrmS Compile & Run vkyaf ewJy h ykH gyJ/ Program
Output xGuv f myHu
k adk wmh Figure 4.6 taeeJY azmfjyay;xm;
ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/
Figure 4.6 . Run the Alphabet.java Program
'gqkd&ifawmh pmzwfol[m flowlayout method udk
xnhfoGif; toHk;csyHk gap of pixels tjzpf yg0ifvmyHkawGudk
pmzwfoltaeeJY tvG,fwul em;vnf oabmaygufoGm;rSm
yg/
Note : tck Alphabet application xJrSm flow layout
manager udk toHk;cswJhtcgrSm default taeeJY gap
udk five pixels qkdNyD; xnhfay;xm;ygw,f/ Gap of
pixels qkdwmuawmh components wpfckeJY wpfck
Mum;rSm (wpfenf;ajym&&if row awGMum;rSmaygh)
tenf;i,f jcm;ay;zkdYtwGuf zefwD;&wmyJ jzpfyg
KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]
uGefysLwm*sme,f arv? 2007 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
w,f/ 'gayr,fh gap of pixels udk xnhfoGif;wJh
tcgrSm horizontal and vertical gap awGudk com-
pontens toD;oD;Mum;rSm pdwfBudKuf xnhfoGif;vdkY
vnf ; &ygw,f / tJ ' D t cgrS m flowlayout( )
constructor method udk toHk;jyK&rSmyg/ uJ tJ'D
method udk atmufrSma&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/
Flowlayout (int, int, int)
qkdNyD; constructor method xJu arguments (3) ckudk awGU
jrif&rSmyg/ arguments wpfckcsif;pDudk &Sif;jyyghr,f/
• The alignment which must be FlowLayout.
CENTER, FlowLayout.LEFT, or FlowLayout .
RIGHT
• The horizontal gap between components, in
pixels
• The vertical gap, in pixels
uJ tJ'D constructor method udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh
code_line wpfaMumif; a&;jyyghr,f/
FlowLayout flo = new FlowLayout
(FlowLayout.CENTER, 30,10)
uJ tJ'gudk avhvmMunhfr,fqkd&if
1st arguments → flow layout manager udk JFrame
&JU tv,frSm pDpOfay;ygvdrhfr,f/
2 nd arguments → Horizontal gap of 30 pixels taeeJY
pDpOfay;zdkYyg/
3 arguments → Vertical gap of 10 pixels taeeJY
id
pDpOfay;ygvdrhfr,f/
uJ 'D gap of pixels taeeJY pDpOfwmawGudk vmr,fh
oifcef;pmjzpfwJh Gridlayout, Borderlayout tp&SdwJh
oifcef;pmawGrSm qufvufydkYcsay;ygvdrfhr,f/
uJ 'Dawmh index 4.3 Using the Gridlayout of Java
qkwd hJ oifcef;pmudk qufvufNyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/
'grSom Java Language eJY ywfoufwhJ Basic interface
layout awGtaMumif;udk tajccHusus em;vnfoabmayguf
vmrSmaygh/ uJ avhvmvkdufygOD;/
175