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Acids Bases - Lesson 4 - Ka
Acids Bases - Lesson 4 - Ka
Equilibria
Ka – Acid Dissociation
Constant
Ka will be a measure
of the level of
Recall: dissociation
A strong acid:
Gives up or transfers ALL of its H+ easily
“Dissociates completely”
Does not form equilibrium
A weak acid:
Does NOT give up or transfers all of its H+ easily
“Partially Dissociates”
Forms equilibrium
Consider:
HA + H2O H3O+ + A-
Keq = [H3O+][A-]
[HA][H2O]
Recall [H2O] is constant, so…
Conjugate Acid
Conjugate
Keq x [H2O] = [H3O+][A-] Base
[HA] Acid
Ka = [H3O ][A ]
+ -
[HA]
The greater the Ka, the stronger the acid
Ka = [H3O+][CH3COO-]
[CH3COOH]
Ka = 1.80 x 10-5
Ka = [1.34 x 10-3][1.34 x 10-3]
[0.1]
Calculate the [H3O+] & the pH of a 0.25M
solution of CH3COOH. Ka = 1.80 x 10-5.
CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO-
pH = 2.67
Calculate the pH of a 0.75M HF solution.
Ka = 6.70 x 10-4.
HF + H2O H3O+ + F-
HF H3O+ F- Ka = [H3O+][F-]
[HF]
I 0.75 0 0
6.70 x 10-4 = [x][x]
C -x +x +x
[0.75 – x]
E 0.75 – x x x [H3O+] = 2.24 x 10-2M
pH = 1.65
Calculate the [H3O+] of a 0.55M HCN solution. Also
calculate the % dissociation. Ka = 4.8 x 10-10
HCN + H2O H3O+ + CN-
HCN H3O+ CN%
-
Dissociation
Ka = [H3O=+
][CN
[H3O] ] x 100
- +
[HCN] [HCN]
I 0.55 0 0
% Dissociation = [1.62 x 10 -5
] x 100
4.80 x 10 = [x][x]
-10
C -x +x +x [0.55]
[0.55 – x]
E 0.55 – x x x% Dissociation = 2.94 x 10-5 -3 %
[H O ] = 1.62 x 10 M
+
3
Very Small %
Weak Acid!
Important Generalizations:
The conjugate base of a strong acid is a VERY
weak base
The conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base
The conjugate base of a VERY weak acid is a
strong base