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Chlorination Exercises
Chlorination Exercises
Solution:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume. Given data:
1. l = 4 m
2. b = 3 m
Volume of water in the given = l x b x h x 1000 3. h = 6 m
4. Horrock’s test:
rectangular well (in l) 3rd cup +ve ,
5. Given bleaching
powder has
25% available
chlorine.
where, π =3.14, l=length of the well (in m), b= breadth of the well (in m),
h=height of the water column in the well (in m). (1 m3=1000 l)
Substituting the values in the above formula, we get:
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 949.45 kg of the given bleaching powder with 25% available chlorine is
required to chlorinate the given well.
e. Contact period:
• A contact period of 1 hr is allowed before water is drawn for use.
2 ) The 3rd cup in the Horrock's outfit gives a definite blue colour when the
indicator is added. Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder required to
disinfect a well 6 metres in diameter with 3 metres of water in it. Explain the
practical procedure of disinfection of the well.
Solution:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume. Given data:
1. d = 6 m
2. h = 3 m
Volume of water in the given = π x d2 x h x 1000 3. Horrock’s test:
cylindrical well (in l) 4 3rd cup +ve ,
3.14 x 36 x 3 x 1000
= 4
= 84780 l
Since Horrock’s test done on the given sample of well water shows blue
colour in 3rd cup onwards, 3 level spoonfuls of the Horrock’s apparatus,
i.e., 3 x 2g = 6g of the given bleaching powder would be required to
disinfect 455 l of the given sample of water.
455 l of well water require 6 g of the given bleaching powder.
∴ 84780 l of the well water require 84780 x 6 1117.98g
=
455 g
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 1.12 kg of the given bleaching powder is required to chlorinate the
given well.
e. Contact period:
• A contact period of 1 hr is allowed before water is drawn for use.
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 1.13 kg of the given bleaching powder with 20% available chlorine is
required to chlorinate the given well.
Solution:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to
Given data:
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume. 1. d = 3 m
2. h = 5 m
3. Horrock’s test:
Volume of water in the given = π x d2 x h x 1000 4th cup +ve ,
cylindrical well (in l) 4
3.14 x 9 x 5 x 1000
= 4
= 35325 l
Since Horrock’s test done on the given sample of well water shows blue
colour in 4th cup onwards, 4 level spoonfuls of the Horrock’s apparatus,
i.e., 4 x 2g = 8g of the given bleaching powder would be required to
disinfect 455 l of the given sample of water.
455 l of well water require 8 g of the given bleaching powder.
∴ 35325 l of the well water require 35325 x 8 = 621.09 g
455
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 621.1g of the given bleaching powder is required to chlorinate the given well.
Solution:
Given data:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to
1. l = 3 m
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume. 2. b = 2 m
3. h = 7 m
4. Horrock’s test:
Volume of water in the given = l x b x h x 1000 4th cup +ve ,
rectangular well (in l)
where, π =3.14, l=length of the well (in m), b= breadth of the well (in m),
h=height of the water column in the well (in m). (1 m3=1000 l)
Substituting the values in the above formula, we get:
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 738.46 kg of the given bleaching powder is required to chlorinate the
given well.
e. Contact period:
• A contact period of 1 hr is allowed before water is drawn for use.
Solution:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to
Given data:
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume.
1. l = 3 m
2. b =2 m
3. h = 9 m
Volume of water in the given = l x b x h x 1000
4. Horrock’s test:
rectangular well (in l) 3rd cup +ve ,
where, π =3.14, l=length of the well (in m), b= breadth of the well (in m),
h=height of the water column in the well (in m). (1 m3=1000 l)
Substituting the values in the above formula, we get:
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 712.09 kg of the given bleaching powder is required to chlorinate the
given well.
e. Contact period:
• A contact period of 1 hr is allowed before water is drawn for use.
Solution:
Given data:
In order to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required to 1. d = 5 m
chlorinate the given well, we need to find the latter’s volume. 2. h = 6 m
3. Horrock’s test:
5th cup +ve ,
Volume of water in the given = π x d2 x h x 1000 4. Given bleaching
powder has
cylindrical well (in l) 4
25% available
chlorine.
where, π =3.14, d=diameter of the well (in m),
h=height of the water column in the well (in m). (1 m3=1000 l)
Substituting the values in the above formula, we get:
3.14 x 52 x 6 x 1000
Volume (V) = 4
3.14 x 25 x 6 x 1000
= 4
= 117750 l
Since Horrock’s test done on the given sample of well water shows blue
colour in 5th cup onwards, 5 level spoonfuls of the Horrock’s apparatus,
i.e., 5 x 2g = 10g of the given bleaching powder would be required to
disinfect 455 l of the given sample of water.
455 l of well water require 10 g of the given bleaching powder.
∴ 17750 l of the well water require 117750 x 10 = 2587.9 g
455
Horrock’s test result itself takes into account the strength of the
bleaching powder.
Hence 2.59 kg of the given bleaching powder with 25% available chlorine is
required to chlorinate the given well.
e. Contact period:
• A contact period of 1 hr is allowed before water is drawn for use.
B. Water quality:
1) A sample of water when analysed, shows that the Coliform count is 15 per
100ml. Traces of Nitrites and Chlorides in excess of the normal are found.
Comment on the quality of water and give your opinion with reasons whether it
is fit or unfit for drinking.
Solution:
Constituent Given Values Expected Values
Coliform count 15/100 ml 0/100 ml
Nitrites >3 ppm ≤3 ppm
Chlorides >200 ppm 100-200 ppm
∴ the given water sample is polluted probably with sewage and not fit for drinking.
2. Give a detailed report on this water sample and state whether it is potable:
Interpretation:
Constituent Given Values Expected Values
Total solids 250 ppm < 650 ppm
Total hardness 180 ppm 50-150 ppm
Free ammonia 0.244 ppm < 0.05 ppm
Albuminoid ammonia 0.81 ppm < 0.1 ppm
Nitrites 0.005 ppm ≤ 3 ppm
Nitrates 21.0 ppm 50 ppm
Chlorides 45.00 ppm 100 – 300 ppm
Coliform count 15/100 ml 0/100 ml
3. Free ammonia: The given sample has value which is more than the
recommended limit for free (NH3) ans saline(NH4+) ammonia. It indicates
contamination due to sewage & industrial waste, and decomposition of
organic matter with recent pollution.
4. Albuminoid ammonia: The given sample has value which is more than the
recommended limit. It indicates undecomposed organic matter with recent
pollution.
4. Chlorides :
Chlorides result from organic pollution and salts. In the given sample of water, deficit
of chlorides under the normal range indicates no contamination of water thereby not
interfering in taste & causes no corrosion of metallic vessels.
2. Nitrates:
Nitrates originate from decomposing organic matter indicating recent pollution
and bacterial activity. Excess of nitrates result in Methaemoglobinemia. In the
given sample of water, value of nitrates is less than the recommended value,
hence it indicates no recent pollution.
Normal range: Nitrates ≤ 50 mg l
Because of the possibility of simultaneous occurrence of nitrite and nitrate in
drinking water, the sum of the ratios of the concentration of each to its
guideline value should not exceed 1, i.e.