BgvgM‡Yi gZ‡f‡`i KviY

kvBLyj Bmjvg Be&‡b ZvBwgq¨vn

GB cÖeÜwU kvBLyj Bmjv‡gi (int) Òivd-Dj-gvÕjvg Avb-Bj-AvB¤§vZ-Bj-AvÔjvgÓ (gnvb Bgvg‡`i Ici Av‡ivwcZ
Acev` `~ixKiY) †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖe‡Ü kvBL (int) weL¨vZ Ges b¨vqcivqb BgvgM‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb hv‡`i‡K AwaKvsk gymwjg AbymiY K‡i| Zviv †Kb wKQz wel‡q gZ‡f` †cvlY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wKQz †¶‡Î Avj­vn&&i
ivm~j (mvt) Gi cÖwZwôZ nv`x‡mi we‡iwaZv K‡iwQ‡jb, G cÖm‡½ wZwb `kwUi †ekx KviY GB MÖ‡š’ ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i‡Qb|
Z‡e GB cÖe‡Ü ïaygvÎ cÖ_gwU AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q; Be&‡b ZvBwgq¨vn (int)-Gi g‡Z GwUB me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ges †kB‡Li
g‡Z Gi KviY n‡jv †h, Bgvg‡`i mybœvn& we‡ivax A‡bK gZev` †`qvi KviY e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq Ges Zv‡`i Gme cÖ‡Póvi
¯^xK…wZI i‡q‡Q| Avm‡j Avgv‡`i Av‡jgMY †Póvi †Kvb ΓwU K‡ibwb| eis Zviv Zv‡`i ï×Zvi Rb¨ Ges f~‡ji Rb¨I
cyi¯‹…Z|Avj­vn&& Zv‡`i Dci ing Ki“b| RynvBi Avk-kvDBm GB MÖ‡š’i gš—e¨ Ges cv`UxKv ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb; GB cÖe‡Üi
AwaKvsk cv`UxKvB Zvi †_‡K †bqv|
Avj­vn&&i AMwYZ ing‡Zi Rb¨ mg¯Í cÖksmv ZuviB; Avwg mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, Avj­vn&&i Rgx‡b A_ev Zuvi Avmgv‡b, wZwb Qvov
Bev`‡Zi †hvM¨ Avi †KD bvB,wZwb GK Ges Zvi †Kvb kixK bvB| Ges Avwg mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, gynv¤§` (mvt) Zvi `vm, im~j
Ges Zvi bex‡`i g‡a¨ †kl bex| Avj­vn&& Zvi Dci, Zvi cwiev‡ii Dci Ges Zvi mvnvex‡`i Dci Zuvi wPišÍb kvwšÍ Ges
Aweivg ingZ †cÖiY Ki“b H w`b ch©šÍ hLb Avgiv mevB Zvi mv‡_ wgwjZ ne|

g~j Av‡jvPbvt
Avj­vn&& I Zuvi im~j (mvt) Gi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ †NvlYv Kivi ci; †KviAv‡bi Av‡`k Abyhvqx gywgb‡`i cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ †lvlYv
Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymwj‡gi Dci Avek¨K| cÖavbZt Av‡jgMYB we‡klfv‡e gh©v`vi †hvM¨ KviY Zviv bex‡`i DËivwaKvix| Ges
Avj­vn&& Zv‡`i‡K gh©v`v `vb K‡i‡Qb Zvivi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kivi gva¨‡g, KviY Zv‡`i gva¨‡gB AÁZvi hy‡M Rwg‡bi Ges
mgy‡`ª wn`vqvZ Qwo‡q c‡o| GB D¤§‡Zi gymwjgiv Zv‡`i †n`v‡qZ Ges Áv‡bi Dci GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Q|
Avgv‡`i bex (mvt) Gi AvMg‡bi c~‡e© cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi Av‡jgiv wQj Zv‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wbK…ó †jvK| wKšÍy GUv gymwjg‡`i
†¶‡Î welqwU †Zgb bq, Av‡jgMYB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q DËg| Zviv ivm~‡ji DËim~ix wn‡m‡e GB RvwZi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Ges
Zviv n‡”Qb Zuvi (mvt) wejyß nIqv mybœvn&i cybRv©MibKvix, Zv‡`i gva¨‡g KziAv‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Avi Gi (KziAv‡bi)
gva¨‡g Zviv n‡q‡Qb cÖwZwôZ | Zv‡`i gva¨‡g KziAvb ¯úófv‡e D”PwiZ n‡q‡Q Avi Gi (KziAv‡bi) gva¨‡g Zviv n‡q‡Qb
GKwÎZ|
GB D¤§‡Zi wbKU e¨vcKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z Ggb †Kvb Av‡jg †bB, whwb D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Zfv‡e Avj­vn&&i ivmyj (mvt) Gi †Kvb GKwU
mybœvn&i we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb, Zv †QvU †¶‡ÎB †nvK ev eo †¶‡ÎB †nvK, cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zviv mK‡jB ivm~‡ji Abymi‡Yi
Avek¨KZvi †¶‡Î wbtms‡KvP I `„pZvi mv‡_ GKgZ| Zviv Av‡iv GKgZ †cvlY K‡i †h, Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) e¨ZxZ
gvby‡li ga¨ †_‡K Ab¨ KviI gZvgZ †KD MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i|1
†mRb¨ Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K hLb KviI gZvgZ cvIqv hvq hv mnxn nv`x‡mi we‡ivax, wbtm‡›`‡n, Zv‡`i GB we‡ivwaZvi wKQz
KviY ev e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q| GB e¨vL¨v¸‡jv‡K wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡it
(1) bex (mvt) GUv e‡j‡Q G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i wek¦v‡mi Afve;
(2) H wbw`©ó welqwUi Rb¨ nv`xmwU cÖvmw½K, GB wek¦v‡mi Afve;
(3) Zvi wek¦vm †h GB ûKzgwU iwnZ n‡q †M‡Q;
GB wZbwU e¨vL¨vi mg_©‡b wKQz KviY i‡q‡Qt

cÖ_g KviYt nv`xmwU Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Qwb

†h‡Kvb e¨w³ hvi Kv‡Q GKwU nv`xm †cuŠ‡Qwb †m GUvi eva¨evaKZvi Ávb bv _vKvi Rb¨ `vqx bq| AZGe †Kvb e¨w³i hw`
Ggb †Kvb wel‡q wKqvm ev BmwZnv`2 Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Ges Zvi Kv‡Q hw` †m wel‡qi Dci †Kvb nv`xm bv †cuŠ‡Q; Avi
G Kvi‡Y †m AvcvZ`„w ó‡Z ¯úó GKwU AvqvZ Ges nv`xm Øviv GKwU iv‡q †cuŠQvq; Zvn‡j wKQz †¶‡Î Zvi gZvgZ nv`x‡mi
mv‡_ wgj‡e Ges Aci wKQz †¶‡Î Zv nqZ wgj‡e bv|

1
GwU Bgvg gvwjK (int) I Ab¨vb¨ mvjvd‡`i GKwU Dw³;
2
Abyev`‡Ki gšÍe¨t hLb †Kvb wKQz nvivg nIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb `jxj _v‡K bv, ZLb Abgv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i †Kvb ivq †`qvi †¶‡Î GB
cwifvlvwU e¨eüZ nq| GwU ïay Bgvb I Bev`Z Qvov Ab¨ †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †hgb e¨emv-evwbR¨, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK welqmg~n| Ges Avj­vn&B
G e¨vcv‡i fvj Rv‡bb|

1
AwaKvsk †¶‡Î GB Kvi‡YB mvjvdM‡Yi gZvgZ wKQz wKQz nv`x‡mi eY©bvi wei“‡× ‡M‡Q| Avi G K_vwU wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq
†h, Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi me nv`xm cwic~Y©fv‡e AvqË Kiv GB D¤§vn&i KviI c‡¶ m¤¢e bq|
bex (mvt) nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Zb, Øxb welqK ivq cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb, wePvi Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb A_ev Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q w`K-
wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb, Ges hviv †hLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZvivB Zvi K_v ïb‡Zb ev Zv‡K †`L‡Zb| GB †jvK¸‡jv Avvei
Ab¨vb¨‡`i Kv‡Q ev wKQz e¨w³we‡k‡li Kv‡Q †mwU †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Zb hv‡`i‡K Zviv Kv‡Q †c‡Zb| ZvB mvnvex‡`i ga¨ †_‡K hviv
Ávbx, Zv‡eCb Ges Zv‡`i c‡i hviv G‡m‡Q G‡`i g‡a¨ H wel‡qi Ávb ZZ`~i †cuŠQv‡Zv ‡h ch©š— Avj­vn&& B”Qv K‡i‡Qb|
Zvici Ab¨ GK mgv‡ek wZwb (mvt) Avevi nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Zb, Øxb welqK ivq cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb, wePvi Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb
ev Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb Ges wKQz †jvK hviv cÖ_g mgv‡e‡k Abycw¯’Z wQj Zviv GUv‡Z Dcw¯’Z _vKZ| Zvici
Zviv hv‡`i‡K cviZ Zv‡`i‡K GUv †cuŠwQ‡q w`Z| ZvB GB †jvK¸‡jv Ggb wKQz Áv‡bi AwaKvix nZ hv H †jvK¸‡jvi wQj
bv Ges H †jvK¸‡jvI Ggb wKQz Áv‡bi AwaKvix nZ hv GB †jvK¸‡jvi wQj bv| Ges wbðq GKvi‡Y, mvnvexMY Ges
Zv‡`i cieZ©xM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K hviv AwaK Áv‡bi AwaKvix n‡q‡Qb ev hviv Gi DrKvl©Zv aviY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i‡K Avjv`v
K‡i †Pbv hvq| †mRb¨ GB `vex Kiv Am¤¢e †h, GKRb gvÎ gvbyl Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi me nv`xm aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Gi D`vniY †`Lv hvq mwVK †n`v‡qZ cÖvß Lwjdv‡`i gv‡S, hviv Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi e¨vcv‡i; Zvi mybœvn Ges Zvi
cwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© me‡P‡q †ekx Ávbx wQ‡jb| we‡klfv‡e GUv Ave~ eKi Avj wmwÏK (ivt) Gi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †h wKbv
bex (mvt) †_‡K KLbI c„_K wQ‡jb bv, wZwb (mvt) Dcw¯’Z _vKzb ev åg‡Y _vKzb GgbwK KL‡bv KL‡bv wZwb gymwjg‡`i
wel‡q Zvi (mvt) mv‡_ K_v e‡j ivZ KvwU‡q w`‡Zb| GUv Igi Be&byj LvËve (ivt) Gi †¶‡ÎI, †mRb¨ bex (mvt) cÖvq
mgqB ej‡Zbt ÒAvey eKi, Igi Ges Avwg cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ Ges Avey eKi, Igi Ges Avwg †ei n‡qwQÓ|
GZ`m‡Ë¡I hLb Avey eKi (ivt)-†K gvZvg‡ni DËivwaKvi m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv Kiv n‡qwQj, wZwb e‡jwQ‡jbt ÒGB wel‡qi Dci
Avj­vn&&i wKZve Ges Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt)-Gi mybœvn&i ga¨ n‡Z Avgvi wKQz Rvbv †bB| hvB‡nvK Avwg ‡jvK‡`i‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡evÓ,
ZvB wZwb Zv‡`i‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb Ges Avj gyMxivn Be&‡b ïevn (ivt) I gynv¤§` Be&‡b gvmjvgvn (ivt) `uvwo‡q †M‡jb Ges mv¶¨
w`‡jb †h, Òbex (mvt) Zv‡K (DËivwaKvi Gi) lôvsk w`‡q‡Qb| GB mybœvnwU Bgivb web ûmvBb (ivt) Gi Kv‡QI †cuŠ‡Q wQj|3
GB wZbRb e¨w³ Áv‡bi w`K w`‡q bv Avey eK‡ii mgvb bv Ab¨ PviRb †n`v‡qZ cÖvß Lwjdv‡`i mgvb| hvB‡nvK Zviv
we‡klfv‡e GB mybœvn&w Ui Áv‡bi w`K w`‡q wewkó hvi Dci Avgj Kivi e¨vcv‡i D¤§vn GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Q|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Igi (ivt) KviI evwo‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ AbygwZ PvIqvi mybœvn&wU Rvb‡Zb bv, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ bv Avey gymv Avj
Avkqvix (ivt) Zv‡K AewnZ K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z Avbmvi‡`i mgx‡c mv¶¨ †`Iqvi Rb¨ WvKv n‡qwQj4| hw`I Igi (ivt) Zvi
†_‡K †ekx Áv‡bi AwaKvix wQ‡jb †h Zv‡K GB mybœvn&i `„w ófw½ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
Igi (ivt) GUvI Rvb‡Zb bv †h, GKRb gwnjv Zvi g„Z ¯^vgxi i³ gy‡j¨i (w`qvZ) DËivwaKvix nq, wKšÍy Gi cwie‡Z© wZwb GB
gZ aviY K‡iwQ‡jb †h, i³ g~j¨ ÔAvwK¡jvnÕ-i AwaKvi fy³5| GUv ZZw`b ch©šÍ Kvh©Ki wQj hZw`b bv wKQz Avj­vn&&i ivm~j
(mvt) KZ…©K g‡bvbxZ †e`yCb (Avj evIqvw`) Avie‡`i †bZv Av` `vn&nvK Be&‡b mywdqvb Avj Kzjvex (iv.) Zv‡K wj‡L Rvbv‡jb
†h, ÒAvj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Avwkqvg Av`-`vevex Gi ¯¿x‡K Zvi (g„Z) ¯^vgxi i³gy‡j¨i DËivwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb|Ó6 ZvB wZwb (Igi)
GB nv`x‡mi wfwˇZ Zvi gZ cwiZ¨vM K‡ib Ges e‡jb, Òhw` Avgiv GUv bv ïbZvg Zvn‡j Avgiv Gi wecixZ ûKzg w`Zvg|Ó
wZwb gvRym†`i (AwMœc~RK) wRwSqv †`qvi wbq‡gi e¨vc‡iI Rvb‡Zb bv, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ bv Ave`yi ingvb Be&‡b AvDd (iv.)
Zv‡K AewnZ K‡ib †h Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) e‡j‡Qbt Ò Zv‡`i mv‡_ N‡ii (A_v©r Kvevi) †jvK‡`i gZ AvPiY Ki|Ó7
Ges hLb Igi (ivt) ÔmviMÕ8 G †cuŠQ‡jb Ges Zvi Kv‡Q Lei †cuŠQj †h †mLv‡b (kv‡g) †c­‡Mi Avwefv©e n‡q‡Q, wZwb
cÖ_ ‡g Zvi mv‡_ Dcw¯’Z gynvwRi‡`i KvQ †_‡K civgk© Avnevb Ki‡jb, Zvici Avbmvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K, Zvici Ab¨
gymwjg‡`i †_‡K hviv g°v weR‡qi mg‡q Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zv‡K Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ gZ Abyhvqx Dc‡`k
w`‡jb Ges Zv‡`i ‡KDB Zv‡K GB Ae¯’vq mybœvn& m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡ibwb| hZ¶Y ch©š Í bv Ave`yi ingvb Be&‡b
AvDd (ivt) †cuŠQ‡jb Ges †cø‡Mi e¨vcv‡i Avj­v n&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi mybœvn& m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K AewnZ Ki‡jb Ges wZwb

3
Avjevbx BiIqv-Dj-Mvwjj (bs-1680)-G e‡j‡Qbt ÒGB nv`xmwU Avey `vD` Ges AvZ-wZiwghx KZ©„K K¡vwemvn Be&‡ b `yÕqvBe †_‡K gyimvj
AvKv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU wfbœ m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q hvi me¸‡jvB gyimvj, hv‡Z Bgivb Be&‡b ûmvBb Gi nv`xmI AšÍfy©³ Av‡Q|
4
Avj-eyLvix Avey mvC`-Avj-Ly`ix (ivt) ‡_‡K Zuvi mnxn MÖ‡š’ GwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †`Lyb- dvZûj evix (11/13)|
5
Abyev`‡Ki gšÍe¨t GK`j †jvK †`Lj †h i³g~j¨ mwVK fv‡e Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q Ges Avj­vn&& &G e¨vcv‡i fvj Rv‡bb|
6
Avn‡g`, Avey`vD Ges AvZ-wZiwghx KZ…©K ewY©Z, hviv e‡j‡Qb GwU GKwU nvmvb mnxn nv`xm| †`Lyb-BiIqv-Dj-mvwjj (bs-2649)
7
Avk-kvwdC Zvi gymbv‡` GwU‡K gyimvj AvKv‡i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges Ab¨ mb‡`I GKB k‡ã GwU gyimvj iƒ‡c ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avn‡g`, Avey
`vD`, Avj-eyLvix Ges AvZ-wZiwghx Igi (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ibt ÒwZwb gvRym‡`i (AwMœc~RK) †_‡K wRwSqv msMÖn Ki‡Zb bv hZ¶b bv
Ave`yi ingvb Be&‡b AvDd (ivt) mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb †h Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) ÔnvRiÕ Gi gvRym‡`i †_‡K GwU wb‡q‡Qb|Ó
8
GwU GKwU ¯’v‡bi bvg hv kv‡gi †kl As‡k Ges wnRv‡Ri cÖ_‡g, Avj-gyMxmv Ges Zve~K Gi gvSLv‡b Aew¯’Z|

2
(mvt) e‡j‡Qbt Òhw` †Zvgiv †hLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki †mLv‡b †c­‡ Mi Avwefv©e N‡U Zvn‡j †mLvb †_‡K cjvqb K‡iv bv Ges
hw` †Zvgiv †Kvb RvqMvq †cø‡Mi Avwefv©‡ei Lei cvI Zvn‡j †mwUi wbK‡U †hI bv|Ó9
Ges Dgi (iv.) Ges Be&‡b AveŸvm (iv.)-‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`qv n‡qwQj, †KD hLb Zvi mvjv‡Z m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i †h
Zvi Ihy Av‡Q wK bvB ZLb wK Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges GB wel‡qi mybœvn Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Qwb hZ¶Y ch©š Í bv Ave`yi ingvb
Be&‡b AvDd (ivt) Zv‡K AewnZ K‡i‡Qb †h, bex (mvt) e‡j‡Qbt Òmg¯Í m‡›`n †S‡o †d‡j `vI Ges HUvi Dc‡i _vK
†hUvi e¨vcv‡i Zzw g wbwðZ|Ó10
Ges GKevi Igi (ivt) hLb md‡i wQ‡jb ZLb cÖPÛfv‡e evZvm eB‡Z jvMj, ZvB wZwb ej‡Z jvM‡jbt Ò‡K Avgv‡`i
wbKU evZvm m¤úwK©Z nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡e?Ó Avey ûivBiv (ivt) e‡jbt ÒGi msev` Avgvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q hLb Avwg (hvÎvc‡_)
mevi †k‡li mvwi‡Z wQjvg| ZvB Avwg `ªæZ Avgvi evnb RšÍywU‡K nuvKjvg hZ¶Y bv Avwg Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠwQ| Zvici Zvi
Kv‡Q Avwg eY©bv K‡iwQjvg evZvm cÖevwnZ nIqvi mgq hv bex (mvt) Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb|Ó11
GB D`vniY¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv hvq GB welq¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Igi (ivt) Gi Ávb wQj bv, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ bv hviv Zvi Áv‡bi †¶‡Î
mgvb bq Ggb ‡Kvb mvnvev Zv‡K GwU AewnZ K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †Kvb mybœvn&i `„wófw½ (hv Zvi Rvbv wQj bv) Zvi
Kv‡Q bv ‡cuŠQv‡bvi d‡j wZwb Gi wecixZ dqmvjv ev ivq cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GUv n‡qwQj hLb wZwb Av½y‡ji cÖ‡`q i³c‡bi
e¨vcv‡i GKwU dqmvj w`‡qwQ‡jb; hv Zviv Zv‡`i (Av½y‡ji) e¨envi Abyhvqx wfbœ n‡Zv| Zv m‡Ë¡I Avey gymv Ges Be&‡b
AveŸvm (ivt) hviv Áv‡bi w`K w`‡q Zvi ‡_‡K A‡bK wb‡P, Rvb‡Zb †h bex (mvt) e‡j‡Qbt ÒGUv Ges GUv mgvbÓ A_v©r
ey‡ov Av½yj Ges Kwbó Av½yj|12 GB mybœvnwU gyqvwiqv (ivt) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡i mgq Zvi Kv‡QI †cuŠQv‡bv n‡qwQj Ges ZvB wZwb
GUv Abyhvqx wePvi Ki‡jb, Ges gymwjgiv GUv AbymiY Kiv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb weKí Lyu‡R cvqwb| ZvB GB nv`xm Igi (ivt)
Gi ΓwU wb‡`©k K‡i bv, KviY nv`xmwU Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Qwb|
AwaKšÍy Igi (ivt), Zvi †Q‡j Ave`yj­ vn Be&‡b Igi Ges Ab¨vb¨ mv‡jnxbMY gynwig‡K (†h Bnivg Ae¯’vq _v‡K)
Bnivg Ae¯’v q Ges Bdv`vn †_‡K g°v hvIhvi c~‡e©, AvKvevq cv_i wb‡¶‡ci ci myMwÜ jvMv‡Z wb‡la Ki‡Zb| Ges
Av‡qkv (ivt) Gi nv`xm Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q bvB †hUv‡Z wZwb e‡jbt ÒwZwb wb‡Ri nvZv `yÕ_vbv cÖmvwiZ K‡i ej‡jb
Avwg Avgvi GB `yÕnv‡ZB bex (mvt) Gi Bnivg evavi mgq Ges ZvIqv‡d whqvi‡Zi c~‡e© Bnivg †Lvjvi mgq Zv‡K
myMwÜ jvwM‡q w`‡qwQ|Ó13
Abyiƒcfv‡e wZwb Lyd&m cwiavbKvix‡K †Kvb wbw`ó mgq †eu‡a †`qv QvovB Zvi Dci gv‡mn (Ihyi mgq) Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡Zb,
hw`I †m PwU cwiwnZ _vKZ| mvjvd‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K GB e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Q H nv`xmwU
†cuŠ‡Qwb hv‡Z GUv Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq D‡j­wLZ wQj| Ges GB nv`xm¸‡jv wKQz mvnvex †_‡K wek¦¯Ím~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q hviv
Áv‡bi w`K w`‡q Zvi mgvb wQ‡jb bv| AwaKšÍy GB wel‡qi Dci ivm~jyj­vn (mvt) †_‡K AmsL¨ wek¦¯Í eY©bv wjwce× Av‡Q14|
GKB Ae¯’v Dmgvb (ivt) Gi †ejv‡ZI; KviY Zvi Ávb wQj bv †h, †h gwnjvi ¯^vgx gviv †M‡Q Zv‡K Zvi (g„Z) ¯^vgxi
evwo‡ZB BÏZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| hZ¶Y ch©šÍ bv wZwb Avey mvC` Avj-Ly`ix (ivt) Gi †evb dzivBqv web‡Z gvwjK †_‡K

9
Avn‡g`, Avj-eyLvix Ges gymwjg Ave`yi ingvb Be&‡b AvDd (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
10
Avjevbx e‡jbt ÒAvn‡g`, gymwjg, Avey `vD` Ges AvZ-wZiwghx Avey mvC` Avj-Ly`ix (ivt) †_‡K GwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvici Avn‡g`, AvZ-
wZiwghx Ges Be&‡b gvRvn, Ave`yi ingvb Be&‡b AvDd (ivt) †_‡K GwU GB k‡ã eY©bv K‡i‡QbtÒhw` †Zvgv‡`i †KD Zvi mvjvZ m‡›`‡n cwZZ nq,
Giƒc †h †m Rv‡b bv GK (ivKAvZ) bv `yB (ivKvZ) c‡o‡Q, Zvn‡j GUv‡K Zvi GK (ivKAvZ) g‡b Kiv DwPZ ....Ó Ges GLv‡b Òm‡›`n †S‡o
†d‡j `vIÓ Gi D‡jøL †bB Ges ÓAUj _vK hvi Dci Zzwg wbwðZÓ GUv MÖš’Kvi KZ…©K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Avjøvn& Zvi Dci ingZ bvwhj Kiæb|
11
Avjevbx e‡j‡Qbt ÒGUv gymwjg Zvi mnxn MÖ‡š’ Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb e‡jbt ÒhLb cÖPÛfv‡e evZvm cÖevwnZ nZ ZLb
bex (mvt) ej‡ZbtÒ †n Avj­vn&& Avwg Avcbvi Kv‡Q Gi Kj¨vb cªv_©bv Kwi, †h Kj¨vb Gi g‡a wbwnZ _v‡K Ges †h Kj¨vY Avcwb GUvi mv‡_
†cÖib K‡ib| Ges Avwg Gi Lvivc †_‡K Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avkªq cÖv_©bv Kwi, †h Lvivc GUvi g‡a¨ wbwnZ _v‡K| †h Lvivc Avcwb GUvi mv‡_
†cÖib K‡ib|Ó Ges GUv Avey `vD` Ges Be&‡b gvRv Avey ûivBiv (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qbt
ÒevZvm n‡”Q Avj­vn&&i Ôi“nÕ †_‡K| GUv ingZ wb‡q Ges GUv Avhve wb‡q Av‡m| ZvB Zzwg hw` GUv‡K †`L Zvn‡j Mvwj w`Ibv, wKšÍy (Gi
wecix‡Z) Avj­vn&&i Kv‡Q Gi Kj¨vY cÖv_©bv Ki Ges Avj­vn&&i Kv‡Q Gi Lvivc †_‡K Avkªq cÖv_©bv Kiv|Ó Ges GUv GKwU nvmvb mnxn nv`xm
†hgb Avj-nvwdR Be&‡b nvRvi (int) KZ©„K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
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Avj-eyLvix, Ave~ `vD`, Be&‡ b gvRvn Ges Avb-bvmvC Be&‡b AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
13
gyËvdvKz ÕAvjvB (A_v©r Avj-eyLvix Ges gymwjg Dfq †_‡K ewY©Z)
14
Avjevbx e‡jbt ÒAvngv` Ges gymwjg GUv Avjx (ivt) Gi nv`xm †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ges Avngv`, Avey `vD` Ges AvZ-wZiwghx GUv‡K
LyRvBgvn Be&‡b mvweZ (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ges GUv Avb-bvmvC, AvZ-wZiwghx Ges Be&‡b LyRvBgvn KZ…©K mvdIhvb Be&‡b Avgvj
†_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges †k‡li `yRb GUv‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb| Av`-`vivKyZbx GUv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges GUv‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb| †hgb Be&‡b
LyRvBgvn Avey evKivn (ivt) †_‡K GB nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges GUv‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb| GB nv`xm¸‡jv RyZvi Dci gv‡mn Kivi mg‡qi `jxj
eY©bv K‡i| hv gyK¡xg (¯’vqx evwm›`v) Gi Rb¨ GKw`b GKivZ Ges gymvwd‡ii Rb¨ wZbw`b wZb ivZ| AvZ-wZiwghx e‡jbt ÒGUv n‡PQ bex
(mvt) Gi Av‡jg mvnvex Ges Zv‡`i cieZx© dzK¡vnv‡`i gZ|Ó

3
Zvi GB Ae¯’v m¤úwK©Z nv`xm ï‡b‡Qb hLb Zvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq| Ges GUv wQj †h, bex (mvt) Zv‡K e‡j‡Qbt ÒZzw g †Zvgvi
(g„Z) ¯^v gxi evwo‡ZB Ae¯’v‡b Ki hZ¶Y ch©š Í bv wbw`©ó mgq AwZevwnZ nqÓ ZvB Dmgvb (ivt) GB nv`x‡mi wfwˇZ
Zvi gZ cÖw ZwôZ K‡ib15| Ges GKevi Zvi mgx‡c Dcnvi wnmv‡e wKQz wkKviK…Z cÖv Yxi gvsm †`qv nj hv Zvi D‡Ï‡k¨
aiv n‡qwQj| ZvB wZwb GUv LvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡j Ggb mgq Avjx Be&‡b Avex Zvwje (ivt) Zv‡K AewnZ Ki‡j †ht
Òbex (mvt) wKQz gvsm †diZ w`‡q‡Qb †hUv Zvi Kv‡Q Dcnvi wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj|Ó16
Abyiƒcfv‡e Avjx (ivt) e‡jbt ÒhLb Avwg Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) †_‡K GKwU eY©bv (nv`xm) ïwb, Avj­vn&& hv B”Qv K‡ib Avgv‡K
Gi †_‡K DcK…Z K‡ib| wKšÍy hLb Avwg Ab¨ Kv‡iv ‡_‡K †Kvb K_v ïbZvg Avwg Zv‡K Gi Dci kc_ KivZvg; ZvB hw` †m
GUvi Dci kc_ KiZ Zvn‡j Avwg Zv‡K wek¦vm KiZvg| Ges GK`v Avey eKi (ivt) Avgvi Kv‡Q GKwU nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb,
Ges wZwb mZ¨Zvi mv‡_ GUv e‡j‡Qb|Ó Zvici Dmgvb (ivt) ZvIevi mvjv‡Zi weL¨vZ nv`xmwU D‡j­L K‡ib17|
AwaKšÍy wZwb, Be&‡b AveŸvm Ges Ab¨vb¨iv ûKzg †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb †h, Mf©eZx Ae¯’vq †h gwnjvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq, Zv‡K AviI
`ywU A‡c¶vi mg‡qi g‡a¨ `xN©Zi mgq A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges GB wel‡q myivBÕqv Avj-Avmjvwgqvn Gi NUbvq, Avj­vn&&i
ivm~j (mvt) Gi mybœvnwU Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Qwb| †mRb¨ hLb Zvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq ZLb bex (mvt) wbqg K‡i‡Qb †h, ÒZvi
BÏZ n‡”Q ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ hZ¶Y bv †m ev”Pv cÖme K‡i|Ó18
AwaKšyÍ wZwb, hvwq` Be&‡b Igi Ges Ab¨vb¨iv ivq w`‡q‡Qb †Kvb gwnjvi hw` Ggb GKRb cyi“‡li mv‡_ we‡q nq †h Ab¨
f~w g‡Z evm K‡i, GgZve¯’vq Zvi ¯^vgx hw` gviv hvq Zvn‡j †m gwnjv ‡gvn‡ii †Kvb Ask cv‡e bv| GB wel‡qi Dci
Av‡jvPbv AZ¨vwaK j¤^v, Ggb welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi mvnvex‡`i eY©bv AMwYZ Ges AmsL¨, Zv‡`i
†_‡K Zv‡`i c‡i hviv G‡m‡Q Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© Giƒc me NUbvi wnmve †bIqv Am¤¢e, KviY Aek¨B G¸‡jv nvRv‡i wM‡q
†cuŠQ‡e| Ges Aek¨B GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h GB PviRb mvnvex me‡P‡q Ávbx wQ‡jb, me‡P‡q †eva m¤úbœ wQ‡jb, me‡P‡q
AvZ¥mgc©bKvix Ges gyËKx wQ‡jb Ges †MvUv D¤§vn †_‡K me‡P‡q †ekx m`¸Y m¤úbœ wQ‡jb| myZivs hviv Zv‡`i c‡i
G‡m‡Qb Zviv gh©v`vi w`K w`‡q A‡bK wb‡P wQ‡jb; Gfv‡e GUv LyeB m¤¢e †h Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wKQz mybœvn ARvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Ges GUvi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨vL¨vi `iKvi bvB| ZvB †h wek¦vm K‡i †h BgvgM‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKR‡bi ev wbw`©ó GKRb Cgv‡gi
Øviv ewY¨Z mKj nv`xmB mwVK; †m GKwU Mwn©Z I N„w YZ Aciva|
Ges Kv‡iv ejv DwPZ bv t ÒcÖK…Zc‡¶ me nv`xm eB‡q †jLv Ges msMÖnxZ Av‡Q, ZvB wKfv‡e GUv Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K ARvbv
_vK‡Z cv‡i?Ó GB K_v mZ¨ †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i;KviY nv`x‡mi GB mKj cÖwZwjwc †h¸‡jv mycwiwPZ wKZvemg~‡n msM„w nZ,
†m¸‡jv GB mKj Bgvg‡`i (hv‡`i‡K gvbyl AbymiY K‡iwQj) g„Zz¨i A‡bK c‡i msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q, Avj­vn&& Zv‡`i Dci ingZ
el©Y Ki“b| Zv m‡Ë¡I GB `vex Kiv Kv‡iv Rb¨ ‰ea bq †h Avj­vn&&i ivm~j (mvt) Gi me nv`xm ïaygvÎ wKQz eBqi gv‡SB
mxgve×| GB eB¸‡jvi me nv`xmB GKRb Av‡j‡gi Kv‡Q Rvbv _v‡K bv, bv GUv Kv‡iv Øviv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| eis GKRb
gvbyl wjwLZ AmsL¨ nv`xm _vKv m‡Ë¡I me¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e bv| eis GKRb whwb GB wjwLZfv‡e msM„nxZ
nv`xm¸‡jvi c~‡e© RxweZ wQ‡jb Zviv Zvic‡i hviv G‡m‡Q Zviv mybœvni eAvcv‡i Zv‡`i †_‡K †ekx Ávbx wQ‡jb| Gi KviY
n‡”Q Zv‡`i Kv‡Q A‡bK †ekx (nv`xm) †cuŠ‡QwQj Ges Zviv †m¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i gZ Abyhvqx mnxn we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| †h¸‡jv
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GKRb AcwiwPZ eY©bvKvix e¨ZxZ †cuŠ‡Qwb A_ev Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GwU cwic~Y© AvKv‡i †cuŠ‡Qwb ev GKwU
wew”Qbœ mb`mn Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| Gfv‡e †h ¯’v‡b †m nv`xm wjwce× KiZ †mwU Zvi AšÍ‡i Muv_v wQj Ges Giƒc
AmsL¨ bw_fy³ cÖw Zwjwc Zv‡`i `L‡j _vKZ| GwU Ávb †_‡K AvnwiZ GKwU wewam¤§Z wb‡`©k , hv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB|
Ges Kv‡iv ejv DwPZ bq, Ò‡h †KD me nv`xm Rv‡b bv †m GKRb gyRvZvwn` n‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó Gi KviY n‡”Q bex (mvt)
wb‡`©k m¤úwK©Z wel‡q hv wKQz e‡j‡Qb Ges K‡i‡Qb Gi me wel‡q Ávb _vKv hw` GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i kZ© n‡Zv Zvn‡j
D¤§vn Giƒc gyRZvwn` KLbI †`L‡Zv bv, eis GKRb Av‡j‡gi e¨wß n‡”Q ïaygvÎ †h †m †ekxi fvM wel‡q A_ev nv`x‡mi
GKwU e„nr Ask Rv‡b Ggbfv‡e †h, Aí wKQzz welq e¨ZxZ mvaviY welqvw`i †Kvb wKQzB Zvi ARvbv bq| AZtci ïaygvÎ
GB mKj we‡kl †¶‡Î (hvi e¨cv‡i †Kvb Ávb Zvi Kv‡Q †cŠ‡Qwb) Zvi gZvgZ mybœvni wei“‡× †h‡Z cv‡i|

15
mybv‡bi msKjKMY GwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges AvZ-wZiwghx, Be&‡b wneŸvb, Avj-nvwKg Ges Ab¨vb¨iv GwU‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb| GwU myivBqv
web‡Z gvwjK (ivt) Gi nv`xm| †`Lyb Avj-gymbv` (6/370)
16
Avngv` GwU Zvi gymbv‡` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (1/100 I 104)
17
Avjevbx e‡j‡Qbt ÒAvngv` Avey `vD`, AvZ-wZiwghx Ges Be&‡b gvRvn eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h Avey eKi (ivt) Avjøvn&i ivm~j (mvt)-†K ej‡Z
ï‡b‡Qbt ÒGgb †Kvb gvbyl †bB †h GKwU cvc K‡i, Zvici Ihy K‡i Ges Zvi Ihy‡K c~Y©v½ K‡i| Zvici †m `yB ivKvAvZ bvgvh Av`vq K‡i
Ges Zvici Avjøvn&i Kv‡Q ÿgv Pvq A_P Avjøvn& Zv‡K ÿgv K‡ib bv|Ó Zvici wZwb (mvt) GB AvqvZ wZjvqvZ K‡ibt ÒAvi hviv †Kvb
Akøxj Kvh© K‡i †dj‡j A_ev wb‡R‡`i cªwZ hyjyg Ki‡j Avjøvn&‡K ¯§iY K‡i Ges wb‡R‡`i cv‡ci Rb¨ ÿgv cÖv_©bv K‡i| Avjøvn& Qvov †K
cvc ÿgv Ki‡e? Ges Zviv hv K‡i †d‡j, †R‡b ï‡b Zviv cybive„wË K‡i bv| IivB Zviv, hv‡`i cyi¯‹vi Zv‡`i i‡ei ÿgv I RvbœvZ, hvi
cv`‡`‡k b`x cÖevwnZ; †mLv‡b Zviv ¯’vqx n‡e Ges mrKg©kxj‡`i cyi¯‹vi KZ DËg!Ó(m~iv Avj Bgivbt 135-136) Avj-nvwdR Be&‡b nvRvi
e‡j‡Qb †h GB nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvixiv wbf©i‡hvM¨|
18
mnxn eyLvix, gymwjg, Avey `vD`,Be&‡b gvRvn †_‡K KvQvKvwQ ev GKB kã Øviv ewY©Z|