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2011ckESpf/ arv(16)&uf? trSwfpOf (139)

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(a':atmifq ef; pk=unf)

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) rS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf?

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trsKd ; om;'D r d k ua&pD tzG J ΠcsKyf
trS w f ( 97§c)/ taemuf a &$ $ * H k w d k i f v rf ;
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2011 ckESpf/ arv(1)&uf?
1373 ckESpf/ wefcl;vjynfhausmf 913)&uf?

a=unmcsuf t rS w f- 8§05§11
tvkyform;vlwef;pm;onf urBmay:wGif txifu&ESifh xm0&vlwef;pm;wpf&yf
jzpfayonf?
Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;wGif (17)&mpk/ (18)&mpk/ (19)&mpkrsm;Y pufr_awmfvSefa&; (Industial
Revolution)/ 'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&; (Democaracy Revolution)/ tvkyform;vlwef;pm; awmf

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vSefa&; (Trades Union Revolution)rsm;wGif twl,SOfwGJyg0ifcJhjcif; jzpfygonf?
xdka=umifh tvkyform;vlwef;pm;rsm; tvkyfcsdefowfrSwfjcif;/ tvkyfa=u;aiGrsm;
owfrSwfjcif; &&Sd+yD; (1890)ckESpf arv(1)&ufaeŒudk urBmhtvkyform;aeŒ (May Day)tjzpf
owfrSwfjcif; cH&onf? yxr urBmppf}uD;t+yD;Y (1919)ckESpf EdkifiHaygif;csKyftoif;}uD; (League
of Nation)tzGJŒ}uD;uyif tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform; jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf EdkifiHw
umu-
(1) tpdk;& udk,fpm;vS,f/
(2) tvkyf&Sifudk,fpm;vS,f/
(3) tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f/
rsm;yg0ifaom tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzGJŒcsKyf(ILO)tzGJŒudk xm0&zGJŒpnf;
wnfaxmifcJhygonf?

armuf
(1944)ckESpf 'kwd,urBmppf}uD; +yD;qHk;I urBmhukvor*~tzGJŒ}uD; ay:aygufvmaom
tcg (ILO)tzGJŒonf ukvor*~oD;oefŒtzGJŒ jzpfcJhonf?
,if;(ILO)tzGJŒcsKyfrS tvkyform;yÉdyuQrsm; ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf yÉdnmOf (convent-
ion)rsm; (143)ck jyXmef;csrSwfcHaoma=umifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrsm;rS rdrdvufcHcJhaom yÉdnmOf
csufrsm;twdkif; vdkufemcJh=u&ygonf?
(1948)ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;aemuf (ILO)ESifh qufoG,fcJh+yD; +Adwdo#
tpdk;& vufxufu vufcHxm;cJhaom (ILO)jyXmef;csufrsm;tjyif jrefrmEdkifiHu vdkufemrnfh
yÉdnmOfjyXmef;csuf (convention) (19)ckudk vufcHcJhonf? xdkŒa=umifh z-q-y-v tpdk;&onf
vuf cHcJhaom yÉdnmOfjyXmef ;csufrsm; taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&eftwG uf vkyfief;qd kif&m Oya'aygif;
(30)udk ygvDrefY Oya'tjzpf jyXmef;I vGwfvyfaom tvkyform;tpnf;&Hk;rsm; zGJŒpnf;um
2 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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tvkyform;jy\emudk at;csrf;acsmarGŒpGm tpdk;&/ tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;tzGJŒrsm; yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufEdkifcJhygonf?
odkŒ&mwGif (1962)ckESpfu jrefrmEdkifiHtm; ppfwyfu tm%modrf;+yD;aemuf jynfaxmif
pkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk zsufodrf;cJhpOfu tvkyform;rsm;twGuf jyXmef;
xm;aom tufOya'rsm;udk toufr0ifatmif (1964)ckESpf jynfolŒtvkyform;rsm;. tajccH
&ydkifcGifhESifh wm0efrsm; Oya'jyXmef;cJhygonf? xdkŒa=umifh &&Sd+yD;om; tvkyform;tcGifhta&;rsm;
qHk;&_H;apcJhygonf?
txufazmfjyyg Oya'jyXmef;cJhaomfvnf; jyXmef;cJh+yD;aom tvkyform;tcGihfta&;
Oya'rsm;ysufjy,foGm;jcif;r[kwfbJ azmfjyyg Oya'.vufatmuf a&mufoGm;jcif ;om jzpfygonf?
4if;tjyif tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzGJŒcsKyf(ILO)uvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif t
vkyform;yÉdnmOfrsm; vufrSwfxdk; aqmif&GufcJhjcif;rsm;udk ta&;,lr_r&SdbJ (convention-29)

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jyXmef;csuf(29)t& t"rRtm;ay;apcdkif;jcif; uav;ppfom;rsm;ac:aqmifjcif;udpPudkom
wm;qD;ta&;,lEdkif&ef jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (ILO)qufoG,fa&;&Hk;cef;udk (2002)ckESpf arvrSpwif
zGifhvSpfaqmif&GufcJh+yD; ESpfpOf tpdk;&ESifh ,if;udpPudk wpfESpfwcgoufwrf;wdk;aqmif&Gufjcif;om
&Sdygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHu vufcHcJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;vdkufemap&ef (ILO)u zdtm;ay;r_rsm;
tm;enf;cJhygonf? wpfESpfwcg (ILO)nDvmcH usif;y&mwGifvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrS tvkyform;tzGJŒ
r&SdcJhI tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; wufa&mufEdkifcJhjcif; r&Sday?
,ckcg jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif-
(1) EdkifiHawmfzGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya' ay:xGef;vmjcif;
(2) ,if;tajccHOya't& v$wfawmfrsm;ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;/
(3) EdkifiHawmforRw OD;odef;pdefOD;aqmifaom tpdk;&ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;/
(4) jynfe,f§wdkif;a'o}uD; tpdk;&rsm; ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;/

armuf
rsm;onf orRwOD;odef;pdef. rdefŒcGef;rsm;t& 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;umv jzpf
jcif; tajccHvlwef;pm; tvkyform;ESifh awmifolv,form;rsm; tcGifhta&;rsm;twwfEdkifqHk;
aqmif&Gufrnf[k qdkonfrsm;a=umifh ,ciftvkyform;rsm;/ v,form;rsm; &ydkifhcGifh&+yD;om;
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jyef&&Sdaprnf[k em;vnfoabmaygufI vnf;aumif;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m
tvkyform;tzGJŒcsKyf (ILO)uvnf; 'Drdkua&pD jrefrmEdkifiHjzpfpOfu vufcHaqmif&Guftaumif
txnfazmfcJh+yD;aom jyXmef;csu(comvention)
f rsm;twdkif; xdxda&mufa&muf vkyfief;azmfaqmif
ap&ef jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&udk (ILO)tpnf;ta0;rsm;aumfrwDrsm;ESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;u zdtm;ay;
wdkufwGef;&ef vdktyfvSygonf/
xdkŒa=umifh cHpm;ae=u&aom rw&m;r_rsm;/ tcsdefydkcdkif;apjcif;/ tca=u;aiGrsm; acgif;
yHkjzwf tjrwf}uD;pm;jcif; tp&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufEdkif&ef vufcHxm;

wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf? 3
 a&$
aom (ILO)jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD tajccHtvkyform;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm; tvkyfXmetvkduf
tzJGŒpnf;I EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m tvkyform;tpnf;t&Hk; tzGJŒcsKyf(Trades Œnion Congress)zGJŒpnf;
wnfaxmif+yD; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfonf t+rJwrf; tvkyform;tusKd; umuG,fapmifh
a&SmufoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unm tyfygonf?
22-4-11aeŒwGif usif;yaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJŒ.
tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft&?
A[dktvkyftr_aqmif tzGJŒ
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJŒcsKyf
&efukefòrdŒ

vlxkESifh a':atmifqef;pk-unf tar;tajz (tmtufzfat tpDtpOf)

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Rfa, May 6, 2011
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ence)awG (meeting)rSm pum;ajymwJh tcgawG ajz? ?+Adwdefvkd 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHawGrSm jynf
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vkyfoifhwJh[mawG vkyfEkdifwJh[mawGtrsm;}uD; axmuftulawG&Ekdifygw,f/ ta&;}uD;wmu
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avmq,f 'DEdkifiHrSm t"duv_yf&Sm;r_ vkyfae vl@tcGifhta&;awGjr‡ifhwifay;csifwJh qENawG

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wmuawmh (campaing) vkyfaewm&Sdw,faygh jzpfvmzkd@ygyJ? udkifwG,f&r,fh ta=umif;t&m
aemf/ (committion of inquery)ukd t"duvkyfae awGuawmh wcsdefeJ@wcsdef ajymif;vJaerSmjzpf
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vkyfw,fqkdwm r&Sdao;bl;/ (statement)xkwf &if avmavmq,f 'Drkdua&pDuGef,ufxJu
wmxufpm&if olwkd@ukd ykd+yD;awmh vufawG@ yk*~dKvfawG/ tzJG@tpnf;awGvkyfaqmifaewJh

4 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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taeeJ@ b,fvkdpOf;pm;rdygovJqdkwmukd odcsif
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awmif;qdkwJh tJ'DpmawGudk EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;
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ÔÔÔ
Rfa, May 5, 2011
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19
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20 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
Dvb, May 5, 2011
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cH oHrª;}uD; rpPwm v,f&D'if;*g;[m rauG;wdkif;
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wD0ifawGeJ@ arv (9)&uf awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;cJhyg
w,f?
rpPwm 'if;*g;[m &efukefuae anmifOD;
avqdyfudk reuf (8)em&Du a&muf&Sdvm+yD;
acsmufòrdŒrSm (NLD)tzGJŒ0ifawGeJ@ t&ifqHk;
Rfa, May 9, 2011
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wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf? 21
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xm; b,fvdk&SdovJaygh? 'Dtpdk;&udk u|efawmf
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tJ'gudk olwdk@ t"du ajymwmyg? 'D tultnD
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f;
pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJŒ OuUÏ OD;jrifhazu ajymygw,f?
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wd k @ (NDF) uae a¶G ; aumuf y G J 0 if w J h vrf ;
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ae&wJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&JΠrdom;pk0if
22 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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a&muf&if;ESD;jr‡KyfESH vkyfudkifwmr&SdyJ wjcm;Edkif
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axmufjycJha=umif;/ 'gayrJh rpPwm 'if;*g;u
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ajymygw,f?
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vufawGudk rpPwm 'if;*g;u tar&dueftpdk;&
¶Hk;pdkuf&m 0g&Sifwef'DpDudk wifjyr,fvdk@vnf;
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Voa, May 10, 2011
ynma&;axmufyHhp&dwfay;yGJukd A[ef;a&$*kH
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pOf axmufyHhulnDvmwm[m ,ckt}udrfu
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csifwJhqENawG &Sdzkd@uvnf; ta&;}uD;w,fvdk@
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymygw,f?
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OD;tkef;óudifu ajymygw,f? “EkdifiHa&;vkyfvdk@
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csifwJhwkdif;jynfukd ukd,fjzpfapcsifwJh ykHpHrsKd;jzpf
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“'ga=umifhrkd@ 'DvlawGtwGuf wkdif;jynf
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wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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a&;qkdwm EkdifiH&JŒtem*wfyJwJh? 'Duav;awGu
vnf; EkdifiHa&;wm0efawGukd quf+yD;aqmif&Guf
apcsifwJh qEN &Sdw,f/ aqmif&Guf=u&r,fwJh?
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p&dwf usyfaiG (40˜000)pD 'Dae@ ay;cJhygw,f? 'Dvkd
axmufyHhr_[m uav;awG&JŒynma&;twGuf
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pENmu ajymygw,f?
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zkd@twGuf óud;pm;&if;eJ@ 'DvdkrsKd; axmifuswm?
bmrS pdwf"mwfruseJ@? usrwdk@u t+rJwrf; pdwf
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yHhp&dwf&wm (4)ESpfqufwdkuf &Sd+yDvdk@vnf; ajym
ygw,f?
23
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Ekd ifiH a&;a=umifh tzrf;cH&w,fqdk &if
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vl@tzGJŒtpnf; zGHŒòzd;zkd@twGuf w&m;Oya'pkd;
rkd;a&;[m t"duuswmrkd@ Oya'eJ@tnD ckcHykdif
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Oya'a&;&mudpPawGukd aqmif&Gufay;aewm
jzpfw,fvdk@vnf; (NLD)ygwDu ajymygw,f?
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armuf
vnf; &Sdaeygw,f?
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tpkd;&taeeJ@ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG v$wf
ay;zkd@ awmif;qkdr_awGudk jrefrmESpfqef; (1)
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jyef@jyef@ v_yf&Sm;r_awG &Sdaeygw,f? vlxkt
ajcðy vli,fuGef&ufawGuae pwifcJhwJh 'Dv_yf
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yl;aygif;yg0ifcJhovkd pmaytEkynm&SifawGu
tp 0kdif;0ef;+yD;awmif;qkdr_awGxJ yg0ifcJh=u+yD;
24 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
tusOf;axmifawGtwGif;rSm tusOf;cs
cHxm;&wJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtwGuf
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ay;aeovdk tck tjyifrSm&SdaewJh olwdk@&JŒom;
orD;awGtwGuf ynma&;qkdif&m ulnDr_pwJh
tcsuf (3)csufukd t"duxm;+yD; EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awGtwGuf (NLD)ygwDu ulnD
aqmif&Gufay;aew,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? Ô Ô
Voa, May 5, 2011
tusOf;om;awG v$wfay;zdk@twGuf tpkd;&udk
vufrSwfa&;xkd; awmif;qkdcJhygw,f?
jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJzdk@eJ@ EkdifiHa&;jy\emawG
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oif;olawG tm;vkH;uae+yD;awmh olwkd@qENt
avsmuf vufrSwf0kdif;xkd;wmudk usaemf wif
vdkufwmyg? tm;vkH; (108)a,muf &ygw,f?
quf+yD;awmhvnf; xkd;ae=uwkef;ygyJ? 'gu
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xm;ygw,f? EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;wif rubl;/
tm;vkH; +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;eJ@ jzpfapcsifwJhtwGuf
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trnfawG ygrvmyJ/ ,mOfarmif; Zmenfatmif
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u|efawmfwdk@ oGm;+yD;awmh urRòrdŒe,f &Jpcef;udk
oGm;+yD;awmh u|efawmfwdk@ tr_zGifh wdkifcsufzGifh
w,fayghAsm? &Ju yxrOD;qHk; wdkifcsufudk vuf
rcHbl;As? wdkifcsufudk vufrcHawmh cifAsm;? 'D
rSmwJh wdkifcsufxJrSmwJh/ 'D Adkvfrª;awGygaew,f
ayghaemf? cif Asm; roumqdk &if [k d Zmenf atmifeJ@
wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
Rfa, May 6, 2011
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Adkvfrª; xGÉfcdkif/ aemuf +yD;awmh Adkvfrª; rdk;Zuf/
aemuf+yD;awmh Adkvfrª; cifarmifat;/ aemufu
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w,fAs? +yD;awmhrS 'k refae*sm OD;jratmifaygh
aemf? olwdk@u 'g t"du pDpOfwm?”
urRòrdŒe,f ppP&H¶GmteD; {u axmifeJ@csDwJh
v,fajrawGtwGif; jrefrmhOD;ykdif vDrDwufu
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awGukd jrefrmhOD;ykdifvDrDwufeJ@ xl;aqmufvkyf
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cJh+yD;/ ukdoef;OD;wdk@ukd EkdifiHawmf pDrHudef;tm;
aESmifh,Sufr_/ ykdifeufusL;vGefr_pwJh yk'frawGeJ@
w&m;pJGqkdcJhwm jzpfygw,f?
25
 a&$
tJ'Dwkef;u 0kdif;0ef; ¶dkufESufcJhwJhtwGuf uefausmuf cH&wJh'%fawG[m 'Duae@txd
ukdoef;OD; OD;acgif;rSm (4)csuf csKyfcJh&+yD; ukdoef; cHpm;ae&ao;a=umif; rsufjrifoufaoawGu
OD;/ ukdatmifvif;wdk@ukd wukd,fvkH; xkd;}udwf ajymqkcd Jhygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
tmqD,H OuUXae&m jrefrmudk ray;zdkŒ vlŒtcGifhta&;tzGJŒ wdkufwGef;
Rfa, May 7, 2011
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm vl@tcGifhta&; wdk;wuf cGifhðy&musr,fqdkwJhtcsufudk tmqD,Hacgif;
vmzdk@eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDul;ajymif;a&; cdkifrmwJh vkyf aqmif a wG t aeeJ @ pOf ; pm;qH k ; jzwf z d k @
aqmifcsufawG r&Sd&if jrefrmtpdk;& awmif;qdk vdkygw,f”
xm;wJh (2014)ckESpf tmqD,H tvSnfhusOuUÏ jrefrmEdkifiHtaeeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif
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man Rights Watch)u tmqD,HtzGJ@udk wdkuf
wGef;vdkufygw,f?
(HRW)&JŒtm&Sa &;&m 'kwd,!$ef=um;
a&;rª; (Elain Pearson)u jrefrmudk tvSnfhus
OuUÏae&may;&if tmqD,HtzGJ@[m EkdifiHw
umtv,frSm [mojyufvHk;wckvdk jzpfoGm;zdk@
&Sdw,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? “jrefrmEdkifiHukd tmqD
,HOuUÏ&mxl;eJ@ *k%fðyr,fqdk&if a'owckvHk;
twG uf pd wfysufp&m vkyf&yf}uD;wck jzpfoGm;yg
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ayr,fh 'Drdkua&pDa&;eJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;rSm 'D
xuf ydkvkyfp&mawG trsm;}uD;&Sdao;w,fvdk@
vnf; xkwfjyefwJh a=unmcsufrSm wdkufwGef;
xm;ygw,f?
jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJ@ tmqD,H tvSnfhus
OuUÏ&mxl;twGuf tqifhoifh jzpfae+yDqdkwm
jyozdk@ tpdk;&opf taeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;
tm;vHk;udk csufjcif;¹cGif;csufr&Sd v$wfay;zdk@/ wm
0ef,lr_&SdwJh tpdk;&w&yf jzpfw,fqdkwm EkdifiH
wumeJ@ yl;aygif;jyozdk@/ ppfrSef+yD; tm;vHk;yg0if
wJhEkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfwck vkyfaqmifzdk@ vdkygw,fvdk@

armuf
,HtzGJ@udk EdkifiHwum &,fyGJzGJ@p&m [motzGJ@ vnf; (Ms. Pearson)u ajymygw,f?
}uD;tjzpf *k%foduQmus/ tqifhedrfhoGm;atmif ÔÔÔ

aumhu&dwf wkdufyGJrsm;wGif ESpfbuf xdckdufaoausr_&Sd

Irrawaddy, May 9, 2011
u&ifjynfe,f aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,ftwGif; rGef;vGJ (2)em&Dcef@u aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,f
,ck&ufydkif;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh u&ifyl;aygif; a0:ava'o azmrl@abmxmh&GmwGif u&if t
wyfrsm;ESifh jrefrmtpdk;& ppfwyfwdk@. wdkufyGJ rsdK;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (KNLA)
rsm;a=umifh ESpfbufxdcdkufaoausr_rsm; &dS wyf&if; (201)ESifh ueJav;&Gm tajcpdkuf jrefrm
onf[k u&ifwyfrª;rsm;u ajymygw,f? tpdk;&. ajcjrefwyf&if; (cr&-372)wdk@ wdkuf

26 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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&ygw,f?
(KNLA)wyf & if; (201)rS Ad kv fc k0 g;u
“usaemfwdk@ ajymufusm;enf;eJ@ oGm;wdkufwm
olwdk@bufu tustqHk; rsm;w,f? tm;vHk;
(6)a,mufusw,f? vufeuf/ vloleJ@ tif
tm;jcif;uuGmawmh usaemfwdk@ 'Denf;udkyJ oHk;
w,f”[k ajymygw,f? ,ck&ufydkif;twGif; u
&ifjynfe,f aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,f csL;uvda'o
wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh wdkufyGJ wGifvnf; (KNLA)
c
bufrS wyfzGJ@0ifwcsdKŒ '%f&m&&dScJh&m wyfzGJŒ0if
(2)OD;rSm xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfwGif aq;0g;ukor_
ðyjyifajymif;vJr+rsm; ykdvkyf&ef jrefrmtpkd;&ukd tD;,lwkdufwGef;
Oa&myor*~ tD;,ltaeeJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@ Edkifao;bl;vdk@vJ OD;udkudku ajymygw,f?
ywfouf+yD; jrefrmtpdk;&tzGJ@0ifwcsdK@udk ADZm
jyefcGifhðywmrsdK; av#mhoihfwmawG av#mhay;cJh
ovkd jrefrmtpdk;&bufu ðyjyifajymif;vJr_
awG vkyfjyzdk@vdkw,fvdk@ tD;,ltqifhjrifh udk,f
pm;vS,fwOD;u ajymygw,f?
armuf
+yD;cJhwJh ar (5)&ufae@u tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH/
*sumwmrSmvkyfcJhwJh tD;,l-tmqD,Htpnf;
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trftufzfpDpDtdkif udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wuf
cJha&mufwJh &efukefrD'D,m*±kyfzf tr_aqmif
!$ef=um;a&;rª; OD;udkudk udk tD;,ludk,fpm;vS,f
u ajymcJhwmjzpfygw,f? xm;0,fa&eufqdyf
urf; aqmufvkyfa&;rSm vma&muf&if;ESD;jr‡Kyf
ESHzdk@ jrefrmbufu urf;vSrf;cJhwmrsdK;&Sdayr,fh
vuf&Sdtaetxm;twdkif;uawmh jzpfrvm
wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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ar vqef;ydkif;upI u&ifjynfe,f =um
tif;qdyf}uD;òrdŒe,f usdKuf'Hka'owGif &ufowW
(1)ywfcef@=umonftxd jzpfyGm;cJhaom wdkuf
yGJY wdk;wufaomAk'<bmom u&iftrsdK;om;
wyfrawmf (DKBA)wyfr[m (5)tzGJ@rS wyfzGJ@
0if (2)OD;usqHk;+yD; wcsdKŒ'%f&m&&dScJhonf[k
a'ocHwOD;u ajymygw,f?
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(1000)ausmf xdkif;bufjcrf;&dS tkef;zefòrdŒe,f
twGif; xGufajy;a&muf&dSvmcJh+yD; wdkufyGJrsm;
t+yD;wGif xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u ae&yfodk@ jyef
ydk@cJhonf[k od&ygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Dvb, May 10, 2011
“olwkd@uvnf; 'Dbufuae wkd;wufr_
awG qufjyr,fqkd&if olwkd@u wqifh+yD;wqifh
av#mhoGm;r,fh taetxm;&S dw,fvdk@ usaemf eJ@
tD;,lu t&m&Sdwa,mufeJ@ tvGwfoabm
ajymwJhtcgrSm tJvdkajymw,f? xm;0,fqdyf
urf; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_rsdK;udk tD;,lbufu vmzdk@/
rvmzkd@qkdwmu olwdk@vkdvm;wJhtcsufawGay:
rlwnfaer,f? vuf&Sdtaetxm; twkdif;qkd
&ifawmh wkduf±kduf&if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_ vmzkd@awmh
enf;enf;cufOD;r,f? cufw,fqkdayr,fh jrefrm
bufu tppt&m&m ðyjyifajymif;vJr_awG
vsifvsifjrefjref vkyfvmr,fqkd&ifawmh 0ifvm
rSmyg?”
tD;,l -tmqD,Hpnf;a0;yGJrSm usef;rma&;/
armfawmfum;xkwfvkyfa&;/ 0efaqmifr_u¾/
27
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pkdufysdK;a&;eJ@tajccHtaqmufttHkpwJh u¾ tajccHtaqmufttHktydkif;rSm 0ifa&muf
ig;&yfudk t"duxm;aqG;aEG;cJh=u+yD; jrefrmu aqG;aEG;cJhw,fvdk@vnf; od&ygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
ukvor*~ ukd,fpm;vS,f jrefrmjynf vmrnf
Irrawaddy, May 10, 2011
jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m ukvor*~ txl;ukd,f (11)em&DwGif awG@qkH&ef pD pOfxm;a=umif(NDF)
;
pm;vS,f rpPwm ADa*s erfbD,monf vmrnfh acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom OD;cifarmifaqGu
arv (12)&ufae@wGif jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ a&muf&Sd vnf; ajymygw,f? xkdokd@ ac:,lawG@qkHjcif;rSm
vmrnf j zpf + yD ; 'D r k d u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif tpkd;& tajymif;tvJ/ v$wfawmfopf ay:
a':atmifqef;pk=unfhESifh awG@qkH&ef&Sdonf[k aygufvmr_tay: a&G;aumufyGJ0if EkdifiHa&;yg
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJŒcsKyf(NLD)u ajym wDrsm;taejzifh rnfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd

c
ygw,f?
rpPwm ADa*s erfbD,monf wuUokdvf&dyf
omvrf;&Sd a':atmifqef;pk=unf. aetdrfY
a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if tvkyftrª
aqmifwcsdKŒESifh awGŒqkHrnfjzpfa=umif; (NLD)
ajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdol OD;tkef;óudifu ajymygw,f?
(NLD)taejzifh ppfrSefa om 'Drkdua&pD
azmfaqmifa&;wGif awG@qkHaqG;aEG; tajz&Sm
a&;qkdonfh rlukdom ukdifqGJaqG;aEG;rnf[k
‚if;u qufvufajymygw,f?
rpPwm erfbD,monf tpdk;&opf tm
yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEkdifrnf/ orRwopfrS ay;
xm;onfhuwdu0wfrsm;ESifh ywfoufI EkdifiH
a&;ygwDrsm;.tjrifukd vma&mufavhvmjcif;
jzpfEkdifa=umif; OD;cifarmifaqGu qufvuf
ajymqdkygw,f?
rpPwm erfbD,monf jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ ,ck
vma&mufrnfh c&D;pOfrSm 'kwd,t}udrf vm
a&mufjcif;jzpf+yD; yxrt}udrftjzpf +yD;cJhonfh
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t+yD; vma&mufcJhygw,f? xkdpOfu aetdrf
tus,fcsKyfrS vGwfajrmufvmcgpjzpfaom

armuf
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a&mufonfh ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f jzpfyg
w,f? orRwopf OD;odef;pdefu ukvor*~
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f rpPwm erfbD,mukd vufcH
awG@qkHrnfr[kwfbJ EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; OD;0¾
armifvGifuom awG@qkHvdrfhrnf[k qdkygw,f?
rpPwm erfbD,mESifh trsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pD
tiftm;pk ygwD (NDF)tygt0if EkdifiHa&;ygwD
(10)ygwDudk &efukefòrdŒ&Sd ukvor*~ zGHŒòzd;r_tpD
tpOf(UNDP)&kH;Y arv (13)&ufae@ eHeuf
a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhvnf; awGqkHaqG;aEG;
cJhygao;w,f?
rpP wm ADa*s erf bD,monf 0g&ifhoHwref
wOD;jzpf+yD; ukvor*~ taxGaxG twGif;a&;
rª;csKyf befuDrGef;. ¶Hk;tzGJ@rª;tjzpf (2007)ckESpf
Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rS pwifI wm0efxrf;
aqmifygw,f? jrefrmhta&;ESifh ywfoufI
&mZmvD tpPar;vfE Sifh *efbm&Dwdk@aemuf
wwd,ajrmuf txl;ukd ,fpm;vS ,f jzpf ygw,f?
ÔÔÔ

28 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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&Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; ppftpdk;&wyfzGJŒawGeJ@ wyf &if;rª ; Akd vfrª;oef;xk dufa0 tygt0if 'k t&m
(SSA)&Srf;jynfwyfrawmf awmifydkif;wyfzGJŒawG
t=um; arv (9)&ufae@u wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhvdk@
ppftpdk;&zufu wyf&if;rª;tygt0if (9)OD; us
qHk;cJh&+yD; (15)OD;'%f&m&cJhw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhwmuawmh &Srf;jynfe,f
rdkif;udkif òrdŒe,ftwGif; qm;awmaus;¶Gmtkyf
pkeJ@ wHkavmaus;¶GmteD;rSm arv (9)&ufae@
c
nae (3)em&D (45)rdepfavmufrSm z,fcHkòrdŒe,f
tajcpdkuf puc (7)vufatmufcH trSwf
(422)ajcvsifwyf&if;u ppfa=umif;wa=umif;
eJ@ (SSA)&Srf;jynfwyfrawmf awmifydkif;wyfzGJŒ
awGt=um; wem&D=um &ifqdkifwdkufyGJ jzpfyGm;cJh
wmvdk@ od&ygw,f? ESpfzufwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhwm
eJ @ywf ouf+ yD ; &S rf ;jynfwyf rawmf (SSA)
awmifydkif;wyfu ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol pdkif;qdkif
rdef;u twnfðy ajym=um;ygw,f?
“usaemfwdk@ (SSA)v_yf&Sm;wJh wyfa=umif;
eJ@ 'D etzzufu cv& (422)ayghaemf wkef
armuf
avmeJ@ qm;awmaus;¶Gmtkyfpk tJ'DrSm vrf;
rSm yufyif;awGŒ+yD;awmh wkdufyGJjzpfwmyg? usqHk;
uawmh etzzufu (9)OD; usqHk;wmayghaemf/
+yD;awmh (15)OD; '%f&m&w,f? usaemfwdk@zuf
uawmh xdcdkuf'%f&m r&Sdygbl;cifAs? bmvdk@
vnf;qkdawmh olwdk@u um;eJ@vmwm usaemf
wdk@u vrf;tjzwfrSm usaemfwdk@zufu t&if
p+yD ; awmh wk d u f & wJ h t wG u f a =umif h
usaemfwdk@zufrSm bmxdcdkufr_rS r&Sdygbl;?”
'DwdkufyGJrSm tpdk;&wyfzufu cv& (422)
wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
Rfa, May 11, 2011
cHAdkvf pdk;rif;/ wyf=uyf}uD; xGef;atmif/ wyf=uyf
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ausmfpdk ;rif;/ wyf =uyf xGef;cdkif/ wyfom; ud kaZmf eJ@
wyfom; rsdK;aZmfOD;wdk@ usqHk;cJhwmjzpf+yD; vuf
euf}uD;i,f (11)vuf ysufpD;oGm;w,f? wem&D
=um wkdufyGJjzpfcJh+yD;aemuf &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf
(SSA)awmifydkif;wyfawG v_yf&Sm;wJh ppfa=umif;
[m tJh'Dae&muae jyefvnfqkwfcGmcJhw,f
vdk@vnf; od&ygw,f? &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;
tckvtwGif;rSm wdkufyGJ (4)}udrfxufrenf;
jzpfyGm;cJh+yD; 'DwdkufyGJ[m tcsdeft=umqHk;eJ@ xd
cdkufusqHk;rsm;+yD; jyif;xefwJhwdkufyGJwyGJ jzpfyg
w,f?
tpdk;&wyfzGJŒawG&JŒ v_yf&Sm;ppfa=umif;
awG[m &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; ydkrdkv_yf&Sm;vmae
ovdkyJ a'owGif; jynfolawG[mvnf; vl@t
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“ta&SŒtv,fydkif;wdkif; topfaqmuf
wJh uGef[def;zufayghaemf? tJ'DzufrSm&SdwJh wyf
awGeJ@ wcgw&H xdyfwdkufjzpf+yD;awmh ypfwm
vnf; &Sdygw,f? ppfa=umif;awG &Srf;jynfxJrSm
trsm;}uD; xdk;vmw,f? +yD;awmh EkdifiHa&;udk
EdkifiHa&;enf;eJ@vnf; rajz&Sif;csifbl;? ppfa&;eJ@yJ
ajz&Sif;&w,f? tJ'ga=umifhrdkvdk@ 'Dvdk wdkufyGJjzpf
jcif;[mvnf; jynfolawGudkvnf; 'kuQjzpfap
wmayghaemf? olwdk@&JΠppfa=umif;awGa=umifh
vnf; jynfolawG trsm;}uD;'kuQa&mufw,f”
[k qdkygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
29
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ppfwyfuOD;pD;usif;ywJh e,fpyfaumfrwD brfbef; awmif;qkdwJh (3)yGifhqkdiftpnf;ta0;
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w,f? 'gayrJh e,fpyfaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;ukd tuJcwfawGv$wfa&; tif'kdeD;&Sm;&JŒpDrHudef;
tif'kdeD;&Sm;tuJcwfawG&JΠowfrSwfwm0efeJ@ [m bk&m;ausmif;0ef;usifuae ppfom;awG
vkyfykdifcGihfawGukd vufcHwJh xkdif;zufpm rwif rqkwf&if tif'kdeD;&Sm;tuJcwfawG&JΠowfrSwf

c
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qefu jiif;qkdygw,f? yÉd yuQ jzpf aewJ h wkd if;jynf taumiftxnf ray:ao;ygbl;? ol@ykdifeuf
awGu pd wfr0ifpm;wma=umihf xk dif;EkdifiHeJ@ uarŠm e,fajray:uae ppfom;awGukd qkwfrSmr[kwf
'D;,m;t=um; jzpfyGm;aewJh e,fpyfyÉdyuQukd bl;vkd@ ajymvkduf+yD; uarŠm'D;,m;u 'Dtajc
ajz&Sif;zkd@twGuf tif'kdeD;&Sm;orRw qlqDvkd taeawGudk y,fcsvkdufygw,f?(naytthit)
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armuf
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awGudk ygupPwef0ef}uD;csKyfu y,fcsvdkufyg razmfxkwfEkdifavmufatmif bifvm'if b,f
w,f? 'Dvkd pGyfpGJ ajymqdkr_awG[m t"dy`m,fr&Sd vdkaexkdifcJhovJqkdwmudk pkHprf;azmfxkwfzdk@ t
bl;vdk@ ygvDrefrSm 0ef}uD;csKyf ,lqGwfzf &mZm wGufvnf; trdef@ay;vkdufygw,f? +yD;cJhwJh
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ajymoGm;wm jzpfygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒ (Abbottabad)òrdŒxJu +cH0ef;wckxJudk tar&d
tygt0if ygupPweftm%mydkifawGeJ@ t,fvf ueftxl;wyfzGJŒ0ifawG 0ifa&mufpD;eif;+yD; bif
ckdif;'g;tzGJΠwaygif;wnf;jzpfaew,fvdk@ ajym vm 'ifudk okwfoifcJhwm jzpfygw,f?(VOA)

30 wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
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a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yzdkΠxdkif;v$wfawmf zsufodrf;
Zlvdkifv (3)&ufae@rSm a&G;aumufyGJusif; wnf;u EkdifiHtwGif;rSm tuGJ}uD; uGJaecJh&yg
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