‫‪Let’s Model‬‬

‫‪Part I‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪Requirements‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫‪1 .................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ ‪2 ......................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪2 .......................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪2 ...................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪2 ...............................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪3 ........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ ‪4 ................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﺘﺼﺮف‪6 ..................................................................................‬‬

‫א‬
‫‪Figure 1‬ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت ‪3 ......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪Figure 2‬ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ ‪4 ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪Figure 3‬ﻟﻴﺘﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ آﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻟﻨﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪4 ......................................................‬‬
‫‪ Figure 4‬هﺬا ﻣﺜﺎل ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻞ ﺷﻲء ‪5 .........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪Figure 5‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ‪7 .......................................................................... State Transition Diagram‬‬
‫‪Figure 6‬ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ‪8 ................................................................................................. STD‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،UML‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬

‫(‬ ‫)א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫(א א‬ ‫)א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪. (C# java‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫)‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ o‬א‬
‫‪ o‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪o‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ .‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
. ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ Use Case Diagram(UCD) ‫א‬ UML
. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

: Case Use
‫א‬ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Case Use −1
.Case Use ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Actor ‫ א‬−2
. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ . ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ " ‫"א‬ .Relation or Acociation ‫ א‬−3
.UML

Figure 1 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬

ud Use Case Model

Association‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ أو رﺑﻂ‬
‫إﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

Actor ‫ﻣﻤﺜﻞ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ ‪Figure 2‬‬
‫‪ud Use Case Model‬‬

‫‪ System Boundry‬ﺣﺪود اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬

‫ﻳﺴ ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬

‫ﻳﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬

‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‬

‫)‪.Conceptual Class Model (CCM‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UML‬‬
‫‪ Class‬א א ‪.Association‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﻟﻴﺘﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ آﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻟﻨﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪Figure 3‬‬
‫‪cd Data Model‬‬

‫‪Class2‬‬ ‫ﺻﻒ ‪Class1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Attribu te:‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪1‬‬

‫‪0..1‬‬ ‫‪0..* +‬‬ ‫‪() : void‬ﺗﺼﺮف أو ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪2Class :‬‬

‫‪.Class2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Class1‬‬ ‫‪.1Class‬‬

‫؟‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫)*(‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ .‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
‫א ‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)(‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א א‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬

‫هﺬا ﻣﺜﺎل ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻞ ﺷﻲء‪Figure 4‬‬

‫‪cd Data Model‬‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: char‬إﺳﻢ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: int‬هﻮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: char‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ _ﻣﻴﻼد‬

‫*‪0..‬‬ ‫‪0..3‬‬
‫إﺑﻦ‬ ‫أب‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺑﻰ‪+‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻲ‪+‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ _إﻟﻜ ﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫هﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫*‪0..‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: char‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: int‬رﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬ ‫(‬ ‫)א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫" " "א "‬ ‫א‬ ‫"(‪.‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫א ‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬א‬ ‫)א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫א א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫(‪.‬‬ ‫( )א‬ ‫‪) :‬א‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‪ .‬א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א‬

‫א‪:‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א‬ ‫א ‪ −‬אא‬ ‫–‬ ‫"א א "‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬
‫"‬ ‫_‬ ‫"א א " "‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א‬ ‫" א "(‪.‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫" "א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫)"א א "‬
‫"א א "‪.‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"א א "؟‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א א "‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫‪ " Composition‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫‪."Aggregation‬‬

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫א‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א א ‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א א ‪.‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UML‬‬ ‫‪UML‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א‬ ‫א א‬
‫‪.UML‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﺘﺼﺮف‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬

‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ .‬אא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.Final State Machine‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ .‬א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UML‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‪."(STD)State Transition Diagram‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫‪ State Transition Diagram‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ‪Figure 5‬‬
‫‪sm Statecharts2‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ‪State1‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ‪Initial‬‬

‫هﻨﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ]هﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺷ ﺮط اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل[ ‪/‬هﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ أو ردة ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪State2‬‬

‫ﺧﺮوج‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ‪ExitPoint‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪:‬هﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌ ﺾ اﻟﺼ ﻔﺎت‬

‫ﺧﺮوج‬

‫‪State3‬‬

‫‪State5‬‬
‫‪Initial‬‬
‫‪State4‬‬

‫‪ExitPoint‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א א (‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ STD‬ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ‪Figure 6‬‬
‫‪sm Mailing‬‬

‫دﺧﻮل ﺧﺎﻃﺊ ‪Inv alid‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪:‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺎء‬

‫‪Initial‬‬

‫]ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪[Not‬‬

‫إﻋﺎدة ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺎدي ‪Normal‬‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻋﺎدي‬
‫رﺟﻮع‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻮارد‬
‫‪ Log in‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟ ﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫"ﺧﺮوج ‪"/‬ﺷﻜﺮا ﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻻرﺳﺎل‬ ‫]ﺻﺤﻴﺢ[ ‪send‬ارﺳﺎل‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻮارد ‪On Entry /‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: char‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: int‬آﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬

‫ﺳ ﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫]ﺻﺤﻴﺢ[ ‪Inbox‬وارد‬

‫رﺟﻮع‬

‫ارﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫]ﺻﺤﻴﺢ[ ‪profile‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺎت‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬

‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬

‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫–א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪، UML‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫(‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫"א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫אא‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Boolean‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"א‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫"‪."/‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪"True‬‬ ‫"‬
‫א "‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬ ‫"א א "‬ ‫א‬
‫"‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‬

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 ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ Attribute‬א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫"‪"On Entry‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א "‬ ‫"א‬
‫א ‪.‬‬ ‫‪UML‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫"‪"On Exit‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪UML‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫א א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪UML‬‬
‫" א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ .‬א‬
‫؟"‪.‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫؟"‬ ‫؟" " א‬

‫א‪...‬‬

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