9/12/2021

Hydrogen bonding (H-bonding)

- the strongest type of intermolecular force is the ‘hydrogen-bond’. It is an extreme
dipole-dipole interaction and occurs between molecules containing N-H, O-H or
F-h Bonds. It gives rise to the highest Melting Points and Boiling Points

Period Gp 4 BP Gp 5 BP Gp 6 BP Gp 7 BP
2 CH4 -161 NH3 -33 H2O 100 HF 20
3 SiH4 -112 PH3 -88 H2S -60 HCl -85
4 GeH4 -88 AsH3 -63 H2Se -41 HBr -67
5 SnH4 -50 SbH3 -17 H2Te -2 HI -35

Exceptions to the octet rule:

- B is satisfied with 6 valence electrons
i.e. BF3 is stable (triangular planar)
electron dot diagram:
- S and P can have more than 8 valence electrons…10 or 12