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    This standard deals with the safe design and operation of those systems in hydrocarbon processing units. The oxygen content of material sent to a flare system is of particular concern. If the hydrogen content of the gas being routed to the flare system is unknown, a conservative limit of 5% should be used for the safe oxygen concentration.

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    This standard deals with the safe design and operation of those systems in hydrocarbon processing units. The oxygen content of material sent to a flare system is of particular concern. If the hydrogen content of the gas being routed to the flare system is unknown, a conservative limit of 5% should be used for the safe oxygen concentration.

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    197 views10 pages

    Flare

    Uploaded by

    Agus Suripto
    This standard deals with the safe design and operation of those systems in hydrocarbon processing units. The oxygen content of material sent to a flare system is of particular concern. If the hydrogen content of the gas being routed to the flare system is unknown, a conservative limit of 5% should be used for the safe oxygen concentration.

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    of 10
    Amoco Petroleum Products Process Safety Standard No, 6 Refining Business Group Index Codes: Blowdown Drains and Drainage Flares Pressure Relief Vents and Venting FLARE, BLOWDOWN, PRESSURE RELIEF, VENT AND DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR PROCESS UNITS Philosophy Refinery units have secondary systems such as flare, blowdown, pressure relief, vent, and drain systems through which hydrocarbons can potentially depart from the main process flow. Some systems are used for startup and shutdown, and some for emergency relief of pressure, Some of these secondary systems are automatic, while others are manually operated. This standard deals with the safe design and operation of those systems in hydrocarbon processing units which are in place to control releases of hydrocarbons or potentially toxic materials to the environment. In general, release of these materials into closed systems is preferable. Containment, handling and proper disposal of such materials is critical to unit and personnel safety The oxygen content of material sent to a flare system is of particular concern, Past experience has shown that the presence of pyrophoric iron sulfide can provide an ignition source if flammable mixtures are permitted to form. If the composition of the gas being routed to the flare system is known, then Figure 1 should be consulted to determine the safe oxygen concentration. If the hydrogen content of the gas being routed to the flare system is unknown, and the flare system serves a hydrogen processing unit (ie..., an Ultraformer, an Ultrafiner, an Ultracracker, a cat-feed hydrotreater, a resid hydrotreater, or a hydrogen unit) then a conservative limit of 5% should be used for the safe oxygen concentration (due to the wide flammable limits of hydrogen). Valuable information on flare-system design is contained in the referenced API publications, Engineering Specification 77D-3, and the R&D memoranda References API RP 520--Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Pressure Relieving Systems in Refineries, APP 521--Guide for Pressure Relief and Depressuring Systems. Engineering Specification 54D-7--Piping for Pressure Relief Valves. Engineering Specification 54D-8--Sizing Pressure Relief Valves for Pressure Vessels, Engineering Specification 54S-30--Relief Valve Protection by Rupture Disc. CONFIDENTIAL BPISOM00056811 Process Safety Standard No. 6 Page 2 Engineering Specification 77D-3--Flare Stack Protection System. Engineering Specification 99D-1--Drains, Vents, Pumpout and Blowdown Systems. R&D Memorandum M83-69. D. E. Fritz, "Use of Molecular Seals, Velocity Seals, and Water Seals to Protect Flare Systems.” R&D Memorandum M84-87, D. E. Fritz, "Calculating Purge Gas Rate for Flare and Blowdown Stacks." R&D Memorandum M82-140. D. E. Fritz. "Flare Purge Gas Rates and Flashback Protection.” R.C. Wade, letter to J. L. Carroll, et al. November 16, 1990. "Clarification of Process Safety Standard No. 6 Regarding Pumpout Rates for Flare Knockout Drums." R.A. Mancini, letter to S. W. Sorrels, December 27, 1993. "Purging Blowdown Stacks; Project No, 2233-02-A055." Memorandum, S. W. Sorrels, May 3, 1994. "Flashback Protection from Activated Carbon Beds on Process Sewer Vents." R.A. Mancini, letter to S. W. Sorrels, July 27, 1994, "Minimum Oxygen Valves for Mixed Streams; Project 2234-A055." Standards CONFIDENTIAL A. Pressure relief directly to the atmosphere 1 When permitted by environmental regulations, releases of gaseous hydrocarbons to the atmosphere under startup, shutdown, or emergency circumstances may occur if all of the following pertinent conditions are met a The release is primarily vapor. Due consideration should be given to the possibility of liquid entrainment and steps taken to minimize/eliminate it. b. The discharge will not result in a breathing, toxic, flammable or thermal hazard. The temperature of the material being released is below autoignition or a documented engineering study has been completed which has evaluated the potential hazards (location, radiation effects, etc.) of a release of this material. If the autoignition temperature is unknown, use 700° F if the molecular weight of the released material is less than 29 lighter than air) and 500°F if the molecular weight is greater than 29 (heavier than air). 4. The molecular weight is less than 29 (lighter than air) and the exit velocity in the relief-valve discharge piping is 200 feet/second or more The molecular weight is 29-80 (heavi 500 feet/second or more. than air) and the exit velocity is BPISOM00056812 Process Safety Standard No. 6 Page 3 Note: The last two steps help minimize the formation of a vapor cloud that, if ignited, might generate damaging pressure effects. In those cases where the discharge rate is over 500,000 pounds/hour, evaluate the potential consequences of the blast if the plume ignites £ Minimum distances required between the point of discharge and other facilities are as follows: i 50 feet or 120 vent-pipe diameters (whichever is greater horizontally) from fired equipment ji, 10 feet above the operating platform of the relief valve. iii 10 feet above or 50 feet or 120 vent-pipe diameters (whichever is greater horizontally) from all other operating platforms, If toxic gases are involved, special considerations must be taken, Care must be taken to insure that the vented hydrocarbons cannot accumulate under other obstructions in the facility. * 2. The pressure-relieving device must be self-closing upon return to normal pressure. Rupture discs are not permitted in lieu of pressure relief valves in hydrocarbon or chemical systems which relieve directly to the atmosphere Rupture discs may be used to protect the water side of water/hydrocarbon exchangers or to protect relief valves which are subject to extreme corrosion or fouling. Design, installation, and routine monitoring to ensure the integrity of the rupture discs, must follow engineering specifications (refer to AES 548-30) and process safety guidelines (refer to PSG No.1 - section E.5.b). Self-

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